Interchangeability PDF
Interchangeability PDF
Interchangeability PDF
Edgar Kuipers
Shell NA LNG
Introduction
• Interchangeability
• Summary
Interchangeability
• CO emissions • Efficiency
• Yellow Tipping • Flame Temperature
Air/Fuel Ratio
Air/Fuel Ratio
= HV * ? ?air/? gas * ?P
GHV
Defined as the Wobbe index, W = d = relative density
d
(? air = 1)
Air/Fuel Ratio
Air/Fuel Ratio
Upper Wobbe
WOBBE NUMBER
Auto Ignition
Operating Knock
Range Flame Dynamics
Lower Wobbe
Wobbe Index
Auto Ignition
Operating Knock
Range Flame Dynamics
Heating Value
Weaver Limits
Heating Value
1480
1460 Japan
1440
Mexico
Wobbe Index (Btu/scf)
1300
1280
1260 EC (EASEE-Gas)
1240
920 940 960 980 1000 1020 1040 1060 1080 1100 1120 1140 1160 1180 1200 1220
Higher Heating Value (Btu/scf)
EC Gas Quality
1460
LNG Supplies
Japan
N2 Injection
1440
Mexico
1420
Wobbe Index (Btu/scf)
1400
US/NGC+
1380
1360
1340
1320
1300
1280
1260
1240
920 940 960 980 1000 1020 1040 1060 1080 1100 1120 1140 1160 1180 1200 1220
Higher Heating Value (Btu/scf)
Summary