Sal Technical Campus

Sal College of Engineering

Assignment-1

Topic: Distillation

1. Define (i)Distillation (ii) Azeotrope (iii) Relative volatility iv) Raoult’s Law S 2016N (02)
W 2013 (03)
2. What is an Azeotrope? With suitable example explain the advantages, S 2016 N(07)
disadvantages and industrial application of azeotropic distillation. W 2014 (07)
S 2012 (07)
3. What is Azeotrope? Distinguish between minimum and maximum boiling S 2015 (07)
azeotropes with examples of each W 2015(07)
W 2011 (07)
Define azeotropes and write a note on types of azeotropes S 2016 (07)
4. What is an azeotrope? Write a brief note on azeotropic mixtures? S 2014 (07)
Explain azeotropic mixtures W 2012 (04)
5. Explain positive deviation from ideality and minimum boiling azeotrope with W 2016N (07)
examples. W 2013 (07)
What is azeotrope? Discuss positive deviations from ideality with examples
and neat sketch. S 2013 (07)
6. Define quantity ‘q’. Derive equation for q-line and discuss location of ‘q’ line S 2015 (07)
for typical feed condition in brief. W 2015(07)
Derive feed line equation and discuss different feed conditions in distillation S 2016 (07)
with respect to q-line
(i) Derive equation for q line.(ii) Discuss location of feed tray in detail. S 2013 (14)
What do you understand by quantity ‘q’? Derive q-line equation for W 2014 (07)
introduction of feed in the distillation column. S 2014 (07)
Derive q-line equation for introduction of feed in the distillation column. S 2016N (07)
W 2013 (07)
7. What is reflux ratio? Discuss the Minimum reflux ratio, total reflux ratio and S 2015 (07)
Optimum reflux ratio.
Explain the Determination of Optimum Reflux Ratio W 2012 (07)
W 2011 (04)
What is reflux ratio? Write note on different types of reflux ratio used in S 2014 (07)
distillation?
Discuss:1) Total reflux 2) Minimum reflux ratio S 2013 (07)
8. What is reflux ratio? Derive Fenske Equation. W 2014 (07)
Derive Fenske Equation. S 2014 (07)
What is reflux ratio? Derive Fenske’s equation for the minimum number of W 2013 (07)
 theoretical stages.
9. What is reflux ratio? Explain minimum and total reflux ratio, How to calculate W 2016N (07)
minimum reflux ratio when feed is saturated vapour.
10. Why are reboiler used in distillation? Which are the different types of reboiler S 2014 (07)
used in industry? Draw neat sketch of any three types reboiler used?
11. What is constant molal overflow? Outline the McCabe-Thiele design method W 2016 (07)
for obtaining number of theoretical trays by graphical method clearly S 2014 (07)
mentioning its assumptions?
Outline the McCabe-Thiele design method for obtaining number of theoretical
trays by graphical method clearly mentioning its assumptions? W 2012 (07)
12. Write in brief on Extractive distillation. W 2016(07)
S 2014 (07)
S 2011 (07)
Write a short note on extractive distillation. W 2013 (07)
S 2012 (07)
13. Discuss principle of steam distillation and give applications of it. W 2011 (07)
Discuss briefly on Steam distillation. W 2016 (07)
14. Discuss in detail about Steam Distillation with example and compare it with S 2016N (07)
vacuum distillation? S 2014 (07)
W 2013 (07)
S 2012 (07)
15. Compare Extractive and Azeotropic distillation. W 2011 (07)
16. Explain the use of enthalpy concentration diagrams? W 2012 (07)
17. Explain the Flash vaporization in detail. S 2011 (07)
18. Define Differential distillation and derive material balance equation for the W 2016 N(07)
same
Discuss differential distillation and derive Rayleigh equation for a binary S 2016N (07)
mixture. S 2013 (07)
S 2012 (07)
S 2011 (07)
Explain differential distillation and derive Rayleigh equation. S 2016 (07)
W 2013 (07)
W 2011 (07)
Derive Rayleigh Equation for simple distillation? W 2012 (07)
19. Discuss location of feed tray in detail.
20. Explain Enriching section for total condenser – reflux at bubble point and S 2012 (07)
Exhausting section for reboiled vapour in equilibrium with residue.
21. Discuss ideal solutions and Raoult’s law. S 2013 (07)
Explain Raoult’s Law W 2012 (03)
22. A continuous distillation column is to be designed to separate 2500/3000 kg/hr W 2015(07)
of a mixture of 55% (by wt.) benzene (A) and 45% (by wt.) toluene (B) into an S 2012 (07)
overhead and bottom product containing 97 wt% benzene and a bottom product
containing 98 wt% toluene. A reflux ratio of 3.5 moles to 1 mole of product is
to be used. Calculate the rates of overhead and bottom products. Calculate the
number of theoretical plates using McCabe & Thiele method and position of
feed plate if the feed is liquid at its boiling points. Calculate also minimum
 reflux ratio. The distillate is totally condensed and reflux returned at its boiling
point. Relative volatility = 2.44.
23. A continuous distillation column is to separate 50 Kmol/hr of feed mixture S 2016N (07)
having 65% Benzene (A) and 35% Toluene (B). Top product contains 95%
Benzene and Bottom product contains 95% Toluene (by mole).Feed is
saturated liquid at its bubble point. Average relative volatility is 2.44. If reflux
ratio R= 2.25 Rmin, determine feed tray location and number of theoretical
stages by Mccabe-Thiele method.
24. A mixture of 45 mole % A and remaining B is to be separated in distillation W 2015(07)
column. The concentration of A in the distillate is 94 mole % and 95 mole % of
all A is in distillate. Compute the composition of A and B in distillate and
residue. Relative volatility of A to B is 2.5
25. The charge to a simple batch still consists of an equimolar binary mixture of A W 2014 (07)
and B. For values of αAB of 2, 5, 10, 100, and 1000, and 50% vaporization of
A, determine the percent vaporization of B and the mole fraction of B in the
total distillate.
26. A liquid mixture containing 50 mole % n-Heptane and 50 mole % n-Octane is S 2014 (07)
flash vaporized at 1 std atm. pressure and 30◦C to vaporize 60 mole % of the W 2013 (07)
feed. Compute the composition of liquid and vapor in the separator for an
Equilibrium Stage. Relative volatility of n-Heptane to n-Octane: 2.16/2.17
27. A liquid (50 mole % Acetone and 50 mole % Ethanol) is flash vaporized with W 2011 (07)
70 mole % of liquid vaporized. Compute the composition of liquid and vapor.
Relative volatility of Acetone to Ethanol: 2.17
28. 100 moles of Benzene (A) and Toluene (B) mixture containing 50 % mole of S 2016 (07)
benzene is subjected to a differential distillation at atmospheric pressure till the
composition of the benzene in the residue is 33%. Calculate the total moles of
the mixture distilled. Average relative volatility is 2.16.
29. A liquid containing 50 mol% benzene(A), 25 mol% toluene(B), and 25 mol % S 2013 (07)
o-xylene (C) is flash vaporized at1 std atm pressure and 100 0C. Compute the
amounts of liquid and vapor products and their composition. Vapour pressures
of components, in mm Hg are given as below:
Benzene = 1370, Toluene = 550, o-xylene = 200
30. A liquid mixture of 50 mole% n-heptane (i) and 50 mole% n-octane (ii) were W 2016 (07)
subjected to differential distillation at atmospheric pressure with 55/60 mole% W 2012 (07)
of the liquid distilled. Compute the composition of the composite distillate and
the residue.
x 1.00 0.50 0.46 0.42 0.38 0.34 0.32 0
y 1.00 0.689 0.648 0.608 0.567 0.523 0.497 0.00
31. Vapor pressures of Benzene and Toluene mixture are given in the table below. W 2014 (07)
Assuming that this mixture follow Rault's law, Calculate and plot the boiling
point diagram and the equilibrium composition curve. The total pressure is 1
atm.
 Temp P0Ben P0Tol
(oC) (mm Hg) (mm Hg)
80.1 760 0
85 877 345
90 1016 405
100 1344 557
110 1748 743
110.6 1800 760
32. Explain Raoult’s Law for ideal solutions. Compute the vapor-liquid equilibria S 2012 (07)
at constant pressure of 1 standard atmosphere for mixtures of n-heptane (A)
with n-octane (B), which may be expected to form ideal solutions. Also
calculate the relative volatility for each temperature and its average value.
T( 0C) 98.4 105 110 115 120 125.6
PA mm Hg 760 940 1050 1200 1350 1540
PB mm Hg 333 417 484 561 650 760

33. A fractionation column has been installed to distillate 10000 kg/day of the W 2012 (07)
mixture containing 40 % Benzene and 60% Toluene (by mol). The overhead
and bottom products are found to contain 95 % benzene and 95% toluene
respectively. Carry out overall material balance.
34. A fractionating column operating at 1atm pressure is fed with saturated liquid S 2015 (14)
fees containing 40 mole % ethanol and 60 mole % water. The column produces
saturated liquid overhead product containing 80 mole % ethanol and saturated
bottom product containing 20 mole % ethanol. The reflux ratio is 2. The
relative volatility is 2.2. Determine the number of theoretical stages required
for given separation and feed plate location
35. A fractionation column has been installed to distillate 5000 kg/hr of a mixture S 2014 (07)
of 50 % methanol & 50% water (by weight). The overhead and bottom
products are found to contain 95 % methanol and 1 % methanol respectively.
Carry out overall material balance. Data: Mol. wt. of methanol: 32 and Mol.
wt. of water: 18.
36. Fractionation column has been installed to distillate 10000 kg/day of the
mixture containing 40 % Benzene and 60% Toluene (by mol). The overhead
and bottom products are found to contain 95 % benzene and 95% toluene
respectively. Carry out overall material balance.
A fractionation column has been installed to distillate 30000 kg/hr of a mixture W 2011 (07)
of 40 % Benzene & 60% Toluene (by weight). The overhead and bottom
products are found to contain 97 % benzene and 97% toluene respectively.
Carry out overall material balance.
37. For a binary system heptane-ethlyebenzene equilibrium data are as follows:
X 0 0.08 0.185 0.25 0.33 0.48 0.65 0.78 0.91 1.0
Y 0 0.23 0.43 0.51 0.60 0.73 0.83 0.90 0.96 1.0
A feed mixture composed of 42 mole % heptane and 58 mole % ethlyebenzene
is to be fractionated to yield an overhead product of 97 mole % heptane and
residue of 99 mole % ethlyebenzene.
 Determine:
 Using reflux ration 1.5, determine the number of equilibrium stages needed
for saturated liquid feed and a bubble point reflux by the Mc Cabe-Thiele
method.
 The minimum reflex ratio
 The number of equilibrium stages at total reflux.
38. 1000 kg moles/hr of an ethanol propanol mixture containing 65 moles per cent S 2011 (07)
ethanol is to be separated in a continuous plate column operating at 1 atm total
pressure. The desired terminal composition in units of mole fraction of ethanol
are: XD=0.92 and Xw=0.07
The feed is a saturated vapor and total condenser is used. When reflux flow
rate is four times the amount of top product, find the number of theoretical
plates required for the separation.
Relative volatility of ethanol propanol system may be taken as 2.20
39. A mixture of 35 mol% A and 65 mol% B is to be separated in fractionating S 2016 (07)
column. The concentration of A in the distillate is 93 mol% and 96 mol% of all
product A is in the distillate. The feed is half vapor and reflux ratio is 4. The
relative volatility is 2. Calculate the number of theoretical plates in the column
and locate the feed plate.
40. A feed of 70 mole % hexane and 30 mole % octane is fed to a pipe still through W 2016N (07)
a pressure reducing valve into a flash disengaging chamber. The vapour and
liquid leaving the chamber are assumed to be in equilibrium. If 50 mole % of
feed is vaporized, find the composition of the top and bottom products.
Equilibrium data are given below
X Mole fraction of Hexane in liquid 1 0.69 0.40 0.192 0.045 0
Y Mole fraction of Hexane in 1 0.932 0.78 0.538 0.1775 0
Vapour