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    Sikandar Khan
    1) If np is the number of P-Sylow subgroups of a group G, then np ≡ 1 (mod P) where P is a prime number. This is proved by showing that the P-Sylow subgroup S that acts on the set of all P-Sylow subgroups X has only one fixed point. 2) If K is a group of order Pam where P does not divide m and a ≥ 1, then the order np of the set of all Sylow P-subgroups divides m. This is shown using the orbit-stabilizer theorem and the fact that np must be relatively prime to Pa.

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    1st Part

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    Sikandar Khan
    15 views5 pages
    1) If np is the number of P-Sylow subgroups of a group G, then np ≡ 1 (mod P) where P is a prime number. This is proved by showing that the P-Sylow subgroup S that acts on the set of all P-Sylow subgroups X has only one fixed point. 2) If K is a group of order Pam where P does not divide m and a ≥ 1, then the order np of the set of all Sylow P-subgroups divides m. This is shown using the orbit-stabilizer theorem and the fact that np must be relatively prime to Pa.

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    1) If np is the number of P-Sylow subgroups of a group G, then np ≡ 1 (mod P) where P is a prime number. This is proved by showing that the P-Sylow subgroup S that acts on the set of all P-Sylow subgroups X has only one fixed point. 2) If K is a group of order Pam where P does not divide m and a ≥ 1, then the order np of the set of all Sylow P-subgroups divides m. This is shown using the orbit-stabilizer theorem and the fact that np must be relatively prime to Pa.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    15 views5 pages

    1st Part

    Uploaded by

    Sikandar Khan
    1) If np is the number of P-Sylow subgroups of a group G, then np ≡ 1 (mod P) where P is a prime number. This is proved by showing that the P-Sylow subgroup S that acts on the set of all P-Sylow subgroups X has only one fixed point. 2) If K is a group of order Pam where P does not divide m and a ≥ 1, then the order np of the set of all Sylow P-subgroups divides m. This is shown using the orbit-stabilizer theorem and the fact that np must be relatively prime to Pa.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 5

    1st Part:

    Statement: If 𝑛𝑝 is a numberjof P-Sylow’s subgroupsjof Gjthen 𝑛𝑝 ≡ 1 (𝑚𝑜𝑑 𝑃) wherejP is a

    Prime number.

    Proof: let K be a group of Order 𝑃𝑎 𝑚 where P ℸ m & a ≥ 1

    i.e |𝐾| = 𝑃𝑎 𝑚

    LetjXjbe a set of alljP-Sylow’s subgroupsjof K,

    Let S be a P-Sylow’s subgroup which acts on X by conjugation

    I.e

    𝜑 ∶ 𝑆 ⟶ 𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑚(𝑋)

    defined by

    𝜑𝑠 (𝑄) = 𝑠 (𝑄) 𝑠 −1 ∴ 𝑄∈𝑋

    Where S is a P-group which acts on X

    Therefore |𝑋| = |𝐹𝑖𝑥(𝑠)|𝑚𝑜𝑑 𝑃

    𝑛𝑝 = |𝐹𝑖𝑥(𝑠)|𝑚𝑜𝑑 𝑃

    Now we find the numberjof fixedjpoints one of the elementjof fix (s) is S.

    We suppose another fixed point let call it ‘T’

    𝜑𝑠 (𝑇) = 𝑇 ∀ 𝑠 ∈ 𝑆j

    j𝑠 (𝑇) 𝑠 −1 = T j∀ 𝑠 ∈ 𝑆
    We know that every two P-Sylow’s

    Sylow’s is subgroups are conjugates of each other

     S = s(T)s-1

     S=T

    There is only one fixed point

     |𝐹𝑖𝑥(𝑠)| = 1

    Putting the value of |fix(s)| in equation (1)

     𝑛𝑝 ≡ 1 (𝑚𝑜𝑑 𝑃)

    Hence proved.

    Example: Let A4 be a group of Order 3.22 where 3 ℸ 2 & a =1

    i.e |𝐴4 | 3.22jj

    X = {j𝑆′, j𝑆′1 , j𝑆′2 , j 𝑆′3 }

    1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4
    𝑆′ = { ( ),( ),( )}
    1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4

    1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4
    𝑆′1 = { ( ),( ),( )}
    1 2 3 4 3 2 4 1 4 2 1 3

    1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4
    𝑆′2 = { ( ),( ),( )}
    1 2 3 4 2 4 3 1 4 1 3 2

    1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4
    𝑆′3 = { ( ),( ),( )}
    1 2 3 4 1 3 4 2 1 4 2 3
    S acts on X

    𝜑𝑠 (𝑄) = 𝑠 (𝑄) 𝑠 −1

    𝑆′ 𝑆′1 𝑆′2 𝑆′3


    𝜑 1 2 3 4 =( )
    ( ) 𝑆′ 𝑆′1 𝑆′2 𝑆′3
    1 2 3 4

    𝑆′ 𝑆′1 𝑆′2 𝑆′3


    𝜑 1 2 3 4 =( )
    ( ) 𝑆′ 𝑆′3 𝑆′1 𝑆′2
    2 3 1 4

    𝑆′ 𝑆′1 𝑆′2 𝑆′3


    𝜑 1 2 3 4 = ( ) ∴ 𝐹𝑖𝑥 (𝑆′) = {𝑆′}
    ( ) 𝑆′ 𝑆′2 𝑆′3 𝑆′1
    3 1 2 4

    |𝑋| ≡ |𝐹𝑖𝑥(𝑆′)| (𝑚𝑜𝑑 3)

     4 ≡ 1 (𝑚𝑜𝑑 3)

    2nd Part:

    Statement: Let K is ajgroupjof Order 𝑃𝑎 𝑚

    i.e |𝐾| = 𝑃𝑎 𝑚

    Where a ≥ 1and Pjis ajprime number whichjdoesjnot divide mjthen 𝑛𝑝 ℸ 𝑚 where 𝑛𝑝 is the

    Order of the set alljSylow’s P-jSubgroups.

    Proof: since |𝐾| = 𝑃𝑎 𝑚 where 𝑃 ℸ 𝑚 and

    Suppose that the whole group K acts on S by conjugation

    Such that
    𝜑 ∶ 𝐾 ⟶ 𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑚(𝑆)

    defined by

    𝜑𝑘 (𝜌) = 𝑘 (𝜌) 𝑘 −1 ∀𝑘 ∈𝐾

    According to 2nd theorem Sylow’s P-subgroups are conjugate to each other therefore there is

    only one Orbit whose Order is equal to Order of ‘S’

    Now we consider Orbit stabilizers theorem

    |𝑂||𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑏| = |𝐺|

    |𝑂𝑟𝑏(𝜌)||𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑏(𝜌)| = |𝐾| … (3.8)

    Putting |𝑂𝑟𝑏(𝜌)| = 𝑛𝑝 = |𝑆|

    ∴ Eq (1) becomes

    𝑛𝑝 |𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑏(𝜌)| = 𝑃𝑎 𝑚

    𝑛𝑝
    => ⁄𝑃𝑎 𝑚 … (3.9)

    Where 𝑛𝑝 ℸ 𝑃𝑎 … (3.10)

    ∴ 𝑛𝑝 ≡ 1 (𝑚𝑜𝑑𝑃) 𝑛𝑝 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑃𝑎 𝑎𝑟𝑒 𝑟𝑒𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑙𝑦 𝑝𝑟𝑖𝑚𝑒

    4 ≡ 1 (𝑚𝑜𝑑 3)

    From (3.9) & (3.10)

    There are only one possibility and

    𝑛𝑝
    i.e ⁄𝑚 Hence proved.

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