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Silane Coupling Agents
Connecting Across Boundaries
Metal Primers
Bind Biomaterials
Provide Crosslinking
Immobilize Catalysts
Improve Polymer and

Particle Dispersion
Enhance Adhesive Bonding
Increase Electrical Properties
Maximize Composite Strength
Increase Mechanical Properties
Version3 .0:
Water-borne Silanes
New Coupling Agents:
Cyclic Aza-Silanes, Azido-Silanes,
Dipodal Silanes
Oligomeric Hydrolysates
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Connecting Across Boundaries
Table of Contents
What is a Silane Coupling Agent . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
How Does a Silane Coupling Agent Work . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Selecting a Silane Coupling Agent - Inorganic Substrate Perspective. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
Selecting a Silane Coupling Agent - Interphase Considerations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
Partition, Orientation and Self-Assembly in Bonded Phases. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
Selecting a Silane Coupling Agent - Polymer Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
Special Topics:
Linker Length. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
Dipodal Silanes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
Cyclic Azasilanes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
Thermal Stability of Silanes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
Aqueous Systems & Water-Borne Silanes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
Masked Silanes - Latent Functionality . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
Coupling Agents for Metal Substrates. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
Difficult Substrates. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
Applying a Silane Coupling Agent. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
Silane Coupling Agents for Polymers - Selection Chart. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
Silane Coupling Agents for Biomaterials - Selection Chart. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
Silane Coupling Agents - Properties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
UV Active and Fluorescent Silanes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
Chiral Silanes and Biomolecular Probes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67
Silyl Hydrides and Trihydridosilanes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69
Dipodal Silanes - Non-Functional. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70
Organosilane Modified Silica Nanoparticles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71
Further Information - Other Resources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72
Silane Coupling Agents: Connecting Across Boundaries (3rd Edition)

by Barry Arkles
with selected updates
by Annalese Maddox, Mani Singh, Joel Zazyczny, and Janis Matisons
©Copyright 2014 Gelest, Inc. • Morrisville, PA
Silane coupling agents have the ability to form a OH HO Si
O
durable bond between organic and inorganic materials. Polymer R’ R (CH 2)n Si OH Substrate
O Surface
Encounters between dissimilar materials often involve at OH
HO Si
least one member that’s siliceous or has surface chemistry O
with siliceous properties; silicates, aluminates, borates, etc.,
are the principal components of the earth’s crust. Interfaces
OH O
involving such materials have become a dynamic area of Polymer R’ R (CH 2)n Si O Si
chemistry in which surfaces have been modified in order OH Substrate
O Surface
to generate desired heterogeneous environments or to HO Si
incorporate the bulk properties of different phases into a O
uniform composite structure.
R
R-(CH2)n—Si—X3 (CH2)n
Organofunctional Linker Silicon Hydrolyzable Si

Group atom Groups
X X X
The general formula for a silane coupling agent typically Trialkoxysilane

shows the two classes of functionality. X is a hydrolyzable
group typically alkoxy, acyloxy, halogen or amine. Following
hydrolysis, a reactive silanol group is formed, which can R
condense with other silanol groups, for example, those on
the surface of siliceous fillers, to form siloxane linkages. (CH2)n
Stable condensation products are also formed with
other oxides such as those of aluminum, zirconium, tin, H3C Si CH3
titanium, and nickel. Less stable bonds are formed with
oxides of boron, iron, and carbon. Alkali metal oxides and
X
carbonates do not form stable bonds with Si-O-. The R
group is a nonhydrolyzable organic radical that may posses
a functionality that imparts desired characteristics. Monoalkoxysilane
The final result of reacting an organosilane with a substrate
ranges from altering the wetting or adhesion characteristics
of the substrate, utilizing the substrate to catalyze chemical
transformations at the heterogeneous interface, ordering the
interfacial region, and modifying its partition characteristics.
Significantly, it includes the ability to effect a covalent bond
between organic and inorganic materials.
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Enabling Your Technology
Hydrolytic Deposition of Silanes

How Does a Silane Modify a Surface?
Most of the widely used organosilanes have one organic substituent
and three hydrolyzable substituents. In the vast majority of surface
treatment applications, the alkoxy groups of the trialkoxysilanes are
hydrolyzed to form silanol-containing species. Reaction of these
silanes involves four steps. Initially, hydrolysis of the three labile
groups occurs. Condensation to oligomers follows. The oligomers
then hydrogen bond with OH groups of the substrate. Finally, during
drying or curing, a covalent linkage is formed with the substrate with
concomitant loss of water. Although described sequentially, these
reactions can occur simultaneously after the initial hydrolysis step.
At the interface, there is usually only one bond from each silicon of
the organosilane to the substrate surface. The two remaining silanol
groups are present either in condensed or free form. The R group
remains available for covalent reaction or physical interaction with
other phases.
Silanes can modify surfaces under anhydrous conditions consistent
with monolayer and vapor phase deposition requirements. Extended
reaction times (4-12 hours) at elevated temperatures (50°-120°C) are
typical. Of the alkoxysilanes, only methoxysilanes are effective without
catalysis for vapor deposition. The most effective silanes for vapor
phase deposition are cyclic azasilanes.
Hydrolysis Considerations
Water for hydrolysis may come from several sources. It may be
added, it may be present on the substrate surface, or it may come
from the atmosphere. The degree of polymerization of the silane
is determined by the amount of water available and the organic
substituent. If the silane is added to water and has low solubility, a high
degree of polymerization is favored. Multiple organic substitution, B. Arkles, CHEMTECH, 7, 766, 1977
particularly if phenyl or tertiary butyl groups are involved, favors
formation of stable monomeric silanols. Anhydrous Deposition of Silanes
The thickness of a polysiloxane layer is also determined by R
the concentration of the siloxane solution. Although a monolayer H3C Si CH3
is generally desired, multilayer adsorption results from solutions
OCH 3
customarily used. It has been calculated that deposition from a 0.25%
silane solution onto glass could result in three to eight molecular layers. +
These multilayers could be either inter-connected through a loose OH
network structure, or intermixed, or both, and are, in fact, formed by
most deposition techniques. The orientation of functional groups is
generally horizontal, but not necessarily planar, on the surface of the ∆ - CH3OH
substrate.
The formation of covalent bonds to the surface proceeds with a R
certain amount of reversibility. As water is removed, generally by heating H3C Si CH3
to 120°C for 30 to 90 minutes or evacuation for 2 to 6 hours, bonds may
form, break, and reform to relieve internal stress. The same mechanism O
can permit a positional displacement of interface components.
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OH
H
Selecting a Silane for Surface Modification O
H
Inorganic Substrate Perspective
O
Factors influencing silane surface modification selection include: O H
H H O
Concentration of surface hydroxyl groups
HO
Type of surface hydroxyl groups OH
Hydrolytic Stability of the bond formed

Physical dimensions of the substrate or substrate features
Surface modification is maximized when silanes react with the
substrate surface and present the maximum number of accessible sites
with appropriate surface energies. An additional consideration is the
physical and chemical properties of the interphase region. The interphase
can promote or detract from total system properties depending on its
physical properties such as modulus or chemical properties such as
water/hydroxyl content. Water droplets on a (heptadecafluoro-1,1,2,2-
tetrahydrodecyl)trimethoxysilane-treated silicon wafer
Hydroxyl-containing substrates vary widely in concentration and exhibit high contact angles, indicative of the low
type of hydroxyl groups present. Freshly fused substrates stored under surface energy. Surfaces are both hydrophobic and
resist wetting by hydrocarbon oils. (water droplets
neutral conditions have a minimum number of hydroxyls. Hydrolytically contain dye for photographic purposes).
derived oxides aged in moist air have significant amounts of physically
adsorbed water which can interfere with coupling. Hydrogen bonded Silane Effectiveness on Inorganics
vicinal silanols react more readily with silane coupling agents, while SUBSTRATES
isolated or free hydroxyls react reluctantly. Silica
EXCELLENT Quartz
Silanes with three alkoxy groups are the usual starting point for Glass
substrate modification. These materials tend to deposit as polymeric Aluminum (AlO(OH))
films, effecting total coverage and maximizing the introduction of Alumino-silicates (e.g. clays)
organic functionality. They are the primary materials utilized in Silicon
Copper
composites, adhesives, sealants, and coatings. Limitations intrinsic in GOOD Tin (SnO)
the utilization of a polylayer deposition are significant for nano-particles Talc
or nano-composites where the interphase dimensions generated by Inorganic Oxides (e.g. Fe2O3, TiO2, Cr2O3)
polylayer deposition may approach those of the substrate. Residual Steel, Iron
Asbestos
(non-condensed) hydroxyl groups from alkoxysilanes can also interfere Nickel
in activity. Monoalkoxy-silanes provide a frequently used alternative for Zinc
nano-featured substrates since deposition is limited to a monolayer. Lead
SLIGHT Marble, Chalk (CaCO3)
If the hydrolytic stability of the oxane bond between the silane Gypsum (CaSO4)
and the substrate is poor or the application is in an aggressive aqueous Barytes (BaSO4)
environment, dipodal silanes often exhibit substantial performance Graphite
POOR
Carbon Black
improvements. These materials form tighter networks and may offer
up to 105x greater hydrolysis resistance making them particularly
appropriate for primer applications. Estimates for Silane Loading on Siliceous Fillers
Average Particle Size Amount of Silane
(minimum of monolayer coverage)
<1 micron 1.5% or greater
1-10 microns 1.0%
10-20 microns 0.75%
>100 microns 0.1% or less

Critical Surface Tension and Adhesion Critical surface tensions

gc

While the contact angle of water on a substrate is a good indicator
mN/m
of the relative hydrophobicity or hydrophilicity of a substrate, it is not heneicosafluorododecyltrichlorosilane 6-7
a good indicator for the wettability of the substrate by other liquids.
heptadecafluorodecyltrichlorosilane 12.0
The contact angle is given by Young’s equation:
poly(tetrafluoroethylene) 18.5
gsv – gsl = glv • cosθe octadecyltrichlorosilane 20-24
where gsl = interfacial surface tension, glv = surface tension of liquid. methyltrimethoxysilane 22.5
nonafluorohexyltrimethoxysilane 23.0
Critical surface tension is associated with the wettability or release vinyltriethoxysilane 25
properties of a solid. It serves as a better predictor of the behavior of a paraffin wax 25.5
solid with a range of liquids. ethyltrimethoxysilane 27.0
Liquids with a surface tension below the critical surface tension propyltrimethoxysilane 28.5
(gc) of a substrate will wet the surface, i.e., show a contact angle of 0 glass, soda-lime (wet) 30.0
(cosθe = 1). The critical surface tension is unique for any solid and is poly(chlorotrifluoroethylene) 31.0
determined by plotting the cosine of the contact angles of liquids of poly(propylene) 31.0
different surface tensions and extrapolating to 1. poly(propylene oxide) 32
polyethylene 33.0
Hydrophilic behavior is generally observed by surfaces with critical
trifluoropropyltrimethoxysilane 33.5
surface tensions greater than 45 dynes/cm. As the critical surface tension
3-(2-aminoethyl)-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane 33.5
increases, the expected decrease in contact angle is accompanied with
poly(styrene) 34
stronger adsorptive behavior and with increased exotherms.
p-tolyltrimethoxysilane 34
Hydrophobic behavior is generally observed by surfaces with cyanoethyltrimethoxysilane 34
critical surface tensions less than 35 dynes/cm. At first, the decrease aminopropyltriethoxysilane 35
in critical surface tension is associated with oleophilic behavior, i.e. acetoxypropyltrimethoxylsilane 37.5
the wetting of the surfaces by hydrocarbon oils. As the critical surface polymethylmethacrylate 39
tensions decrease below 20 dynes/cm, the surfaces resist wetting by polyvinylchloride 39
hydrocarbon oils and are considered oleophobic as well as hydrophobic. phenyltrimethoxysilane 40.0
chloropropyltrimethoxysilane 40.5
In the reinforcement of thermosets and thermoplastics with
mercaptopropyltrimethoxysilane 41
glass fibers, one approach for optimizing reinforcement is to match
glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane 42.5
the critical surface tension of the silylated glass surface to the surface
poly(ethyleneterephthalate) 43
tension of the polymer in its melt or uncured condition. This has
poly(ethylene oxide) 43-45
been most helpful in resins with no obvious functionality such as
copper (dry) 44
polyethylene and polystyrene. Silane treatment has allowed control of
aluminum (dry) 45
thixotropic activity of silica and clays in paint and coating applications.
iron (dry) 46
Immobilization of cellular organelles, including mitochondria,
nylon 6/6 45-6
chloroplasts, and microsomes, has been effected by treating silica
glass, soda-lime (dry) 47
with alkylsilanes of C 8 or greater substitution.
silica, fused 78
titanium dioxide (anatase) 91
ferric oxide 107
tin oxide 111
Note: Critical surface tensions for silanes refer to smooth treated
surfaces.

Partition, Orientation and Self-Assembly in Bonded Phases
Chromatography
Normal Phase HPLC of Carboxylic Acids
Octadecyl, cyanopropyl and branched tricocyl silanes
with a C23-Silane Bonded Phase
provide bonded phases for liquid chromatography. Reverse-
phase thin-layer chromatography can be accomplished by
treating plates with dodecyltrichlorosilane.
Liquid Crystal Displays
The interphase can also impose orientation of the bulk
phase. In liquid crystal displays, clarity and permanence of
image are enhanced if the display can be oriented parallel or
perpendicular to the substrate. The use of surfaces treated with H3C Si CH3
octadecyl(3-(trimethoxysilyl)propyl) ammonium chloride Cl
(perpendicular) or methylaminopropyl-trimethoxysilane
(parallel) has eliminated micromachining operations. The
oriented crystalline domains often observed in reinforced
nylons have also been attributed to orientation effects of the
silane in the interphase.
Self-Assembled Monolayers (SAMs)
A Self-Assembled Monolayer (SAM) is a one molecule
thick layer of material that bonds to a surface in an ordered Orientation effects of silanes for passive LCDs
way as a result of physical or chemical forces during a
OCTADECYLDIMETHYL(3-TRIMETHOXYSILYLPROPYL)AMMONIUM
deposition process. Silanes can form SAMs by solution CHLORIDE (SIO6620.0)
or vapor phase deposition processes. Most commonly,
chlorosilanes or alkoxysilanes are used and once deposition
occurs a chemical (oxane) bond forms with the surface
rendering a permanent modification of the substrate.
Applications for SAMs include micro-contact printing,
soft lithography, dip-pen nanolithography, anti-stiction
coatings and orientation layers involved in nanofabrication N-METHYLAMINOPROPYLTRIMETHOXYSILANE (SIM6500.0)
of MEMs, fluidic microassemblies, semiconductor sensors
and memory devices.
Common long chain alkyl silanes used in the formation
of SAMs are simple hydrocarbon, fluoroalkyl and end-
group substituted silanes. Silanes with one hydrolyzeable
group maintain interphase structure after deposition by
forming a single oxane bond with the substrate. Silanes with F. Kahn., Appl. Phys. Lett. 22, 386, 1973
three hydrolyzeable groups form siloxane (silsesquioxane)
polymers after deposition, bonding both with each other
Micro-Contact Printing Using SAMs
as well as the substrate. For non-oxide metal substrates,
silyl hydrides may be used, reacting with the substrate by a spin casting of sol-gel precursor
and soft bake
dehydrogenative coupling. PDMS

“inked” with solution amorphous oxide
of C18-Silane in hexane
The perpendicular orientation of silanes with C10 or Substrate Substrate
greater length can be utilized in micro-contact printing and microcontact printing of C18-Silane
polishing and crystallization
other soft lithography methods. Here the silane may effect
a simple differential adsorption, or if functionalized have a Substrate
SAMs of C18-Silane
(2-3nm)
crystallization oxide
Substrate
direct sensor effect.

Selecting a Silane Coupling Agent:

Polymer Applications
Coupling agents find their largest application in the area
of polymers. Since any silane that enhances the adhesion of a
polymer is often termed a coupling agent, regardless of whether
or not a covalent bond is formed, the definition becomes vague.
In this discussion, the parochial outlook will be adopted, and
only silanes that form covalent bonds directly to the polymer
will be considered. The covalent bond may be formed by
reaction with the finished polymer or copolymerized with the
monomer. Thermoplastic bonding is achieved through both
routes, although principally the former. Thermosets are almost
entirely limited to the latter. The mechanism and performance of
Acrylate Coupling Reaction
silane coupling agents is best discussed with reference to specific
systems. The most important substrate is E-type fiberglass,
O
which has 6-15 silanol groups per mμ2.
HC CH2 + H2C C CO (CH2)n Si
Thermosets CH3
Acrylates, methacrylates and Unsaturated Polyesters, radical

source
owing to their facility for undergoing free-radical
polymerization, can be modified by copolymerization with
silanes that have unsaturated organic substitution. The usual CH3
coupling agents for thermoset polyesters undergo radical CHCH 2 CCH2 CHCH 2
copolymerization in such systems. These resins, usually C O
of loosely defined structure, often have had their viscosity O
reduced by addition of a second monomer, typically (CH2)n
styrene. In general, better reinforcement is obtained when Si
the silane monomer matches the reactivity of the styrene
rather than the maleate portion of the polyester.
Unsaturated Polyester (Styrene) Coupling Reaction
Methacrylyl and styryl functional silanes undergo
addition much more readily than vinylsilanes. A direct
approach to selecting the optimum silane uses the e and Q Polymer
+ CH2 CH Si
parameters of the Alfrey-Price treatment of polymerization.
Here e indicates the polarity of the monomer radical that
forms at the end of a growing chain, while Q represents peroxide
the resonance stabilization of a radical by adjacent
groups. Optimum random copolymerization is obtained
from monomers with similar orders of reactivity. Vinyl
Si
functional silanes mismatch the reactionary parameters
of most unsaturated polyesters. However, they can be used CH2
in direct high pressure polymerization with olefins such as CH2
ethylene, propylene and dienes.
Polymer
Polyethylene Graft Coupling Reaction

Polymer-NCO + H 2NCH 2CH 2CH 2 Si
Urethanes
Thermoset urethane can be effectively coupled with two O
Polymer -NCNCH 2CH 2CH 2 Si
types of silanes. The first type, including isocyanate functional H H
silanes, may be used to treat the filler directly or integrally

blended with the diisocyanate (TDI, MDI, etc.) prior to cure. CH 3
Amine and alkanolamine functional silanes, on the other

NCO
HOCH 2CH 2
+ NCH 2CH 2CH 2 Si
hand, are blended with the polyol rather than the diisocyanate. HOCH 2CH 2
Isocyanate functional silanes couple with the polyol. NCO
Alkanolamine functional silanes react with the isocyanate to

form urethane linkages, while amine silanes react with the O
CH 2CH 2
O
isocyanates to yield urea linkages. A typical application for CH 3
N C OCH 2CH 2
NCH 2CH 2CH 2 Si
coupled urethane system is improving bond strength with

sand in abrasion-resistant, sand-filled flooring resins.
C N
O
Moisture-Cureable Urethanes Polyurethane Coupling Reactions

Secondary aminosilanes have the general ability to
convert isocyanate functional urethane prepolymers to
systems that crosslink in the presence of water and a tin
catalyst. The preferred aminosilanes are secondary containing
methyl, ethyl or butyl substitutions on nitrogen.
Epoxies
Epoxycyclohexyl and glycidoxy functional silanes
are used to pretreat the filler or to blend with the
glycidylbisphenol-A ether. Amine functional silanes can Moisture-Cure Silicone Polyurethane (SPUR)
likewise be used to pretreat the filler or to blend with the
hardener portion. Treatment of fillers in epoxy adhesives
improves their dispersibility and increases the mechanical H2NCH 2CH2NHCH 2CH2CH2 Si
properties of the cured resin. A large application area is glass +
cloth-reinforced epoxy laminates and prepregs in aerospace O

CH3 OH CH3 O
and electrical printed circuit board applications. H2C CH CH2 O
CH3
CH2 OCH 2 CH CH2O CH2
CH3
O CH2 CH CH2
Phenolics
Phenolic resins are divided into base catalyzed single- CH3 OH
OCH 2 CH CH2NCH 2CH2NCH 2CH2CH2
step resins called resols or better known acid catalyzed
CH2O CH2 Si
CH3 H
two-step systems called novolaks. Although foundry and

molds are formulated with resols such as aminopropyl Epoxy Coupling Reaction
methyldialkoxysilanes, the commercial utilization of silanes
in phenolic resins is largely limited to novolak/glass fabric
laminates and molding compounds. The phenolic hydroxyl
group of the resins readily react with the oxirane ring of
epoxy silanes to form phenyl ether linkages. When phenolic
resins are compounded with rubbers, as in the case with
nitrile/phenolic or vinyl butyral/phenolic adhesives, or
impact-resistant molding compounds, additional silanes,
particularly mercapto-functional silanes, have been found to
impart greater bond strength than silanes that couple to the
phenolic portion. Phenolic Coupling Reaction

Thermoplastics
Thermoplastics provide a greater challenge in promoting
adhesion through silane coupling agents than thermosets. Scanning electron
The silanes must react with the polymer and not the micrograph at a broken
monomeric precursors, which not only limits avenues for gear tooth from a
coupling, but also presents additional problems in rheology non-coupled glass
fiber/acetal composite.
and thermal properties during composite formulation. Note that cleavage
Moreover mechanical requirements here are stringently occurred between fibers.
determined. Polymers that contain regular sites for covalent
reactivity either in the backbone or in a pendant group include
polydienes, polyvinylchloride, polyphenylene sulfide, acrylic
homopolymers, maleic anhydride, acrylic, vinyl acetate,
diene-containing copolymers, and halogen or chlorosulfonyl-
modified homopolymers. A surprising number of these
are coupled by aminoalkylsilanes. Chlorinated polymers
readily form quaternary compounds while the carboxylate Scanning electron
and sulfonate groups form amides and sulfonamides under micrograph at a broken
gear tooth from an
process conditions. At elevated temperatures, the amines add aminosilane-coupled glass
across many double bonds although mercaptoalkylsilanes are fiber/nylon 6/6 composite.
the preferred coupling agents. Note how fibers have
broken as well as matrix.
The most widely used coupling agents, the aminoalkyl-
silanes are the most economical, but are not necessarily the
best. Epoxysilanes, for example, are successfully used with
acrylic acid and maleic acid copolymers.
Thermoplastic Condensation Polymers

The group of polymers that most closely approaches Chopped fiberglass
strand sized with
theoretical limits of composite strength does not appear to
aminosilanes is a
contain regular opportunities for covalent bond formation commonly used
to substrate. Most of the condensation polymers including reinforcement for
polyamides, polyesters, polycarbonates, and polysulfones high temperature
are in this group. Adhesion is promoted by introducing high thermoplastics.
energy groups and hydrogen bond potential in the interphase
area or by taking advantage of the relatively low molecular
weight of these polymers, which results in a significant
opportunity for end-group reactions. Aminoalkylsilanes,
chloroalkylsilanes, and isocyanatosilanes are the usual OCNCH 2CH2CH2 Si
candidates for coupling to these resins. This group has the +
greatest mechanical strength of the thermoplastics, allowing O O
them to replace the cast metals in such typical uses as gears, H OCH 2CH2CH2CH2 O C C O CH2CH2CH2CH2OH
n
connectors and bobbins.
O O O
H OCH 2CH2CH2CH2 O C C O CH2CH2CH2CH2O C NCH 2CH2CH2 Si
n H
Thermoplastic Polyester Coupling Reaction

Polyolefins
The polyolefins and polyethers present no direct
opportunity for covalent coupling. Until recently, the
principal approach for composite formulation was to match
the surface energy of the filler surface, by treating it with an
alkylsubstituted silane, with that of the polymer. For optimum
reinforcement, preferred resins should be of high molecular
weight, linear, and have low melt viscosity. Approaches
to improved composite strength have been through
compatibility with long-chain alkylsilanes or aminosilanes.
Far more effective is coupling with vinyl or methacryloxy
groups, particularly if additional coupling sites are created
in the resin by addition of peroxides. Dicumyl peroxide and
bis(t-butylperoxy) compounds at levels of 0.15% to 0.25%
have been introduced into polyethylene compounded with Vinylsilanes are used in PE and EPDM insulated wire and cable
vinylsilane-treated glass fibers for structural composites or
vinylsilane-treated clay for wire insulation. Increases of 50%
in tensile and flexural properties have been observed in both
cases when compared to the same silane systems without N3SO 2
CH 3
peroxides.
CH 2CH 2 Si + (CH 2CH)
Another approach for coupling polypropylene and SIA0790.0
polyethylene is through silylsulfonylazides. Unlike azide
bound to silicon, sulfonyl azides decompose above 150°C to CH 3 120-140 °C
form a molecule of nitrogen and a reactive nitrene that is (CHCH)
capable of insertion into carbon-hydrogen bonds, forming
HNSO 2
sulfonamides, into carbon-carbon double bonds, forming
triazoles, and into aromatic bonds, forming sulfonamides. CH 2CH 2 Si + N2
Fillers are treated first with the silane and then the treated
filler is fluxed rapidly with polymer melt.
One of the more innovative ways of modifying the Polypropylene Coupling Reaction
surfaces of polyolefins is to apply a multipodal oligomeric
coupling agent, such as SSP-055, SSP-056, SSP-058 and
SSP-255. Such oligomers provide better adhesion to
polyolefins and still have the linking effect of silane dipodal CH2 CH2
chemistry in attaching to surfaces. The olefin based back CH CH
bones provide great compatibility with all hydrophobic
olefins as well as elastomers of various types. CH2CHCH 2CHCH 2CH
Finally, an oxygen plasma treatment prior to applying

CH2CH2Si(OC2H5)3
silane coupling agents produces hydroxyl radicals on a SSP-055
polyolefin surface. These hydroxyl radicals provide good
linkage sites for any silane coupling agent to link onto
the polyolefin surface, and this opens a larger range of
applicable silanes.
(CH2CH)m (CH2CH)n(CH2CH CHCH 2)p

CH2CH2Si(OC2H5)3
SSP-255

SSP-255
Linker Length
An important factor in controlling the effectiveness
and properties of a coupled system is the linker between
the organic functionality and the silicon atom. The
linker length imposes a number of physical property and
reactivity limitations. The desirability of maintaining the
reactive centers close to the substrate are most important in
sensor applications, in heterogeneous catalysis, fluorescent
Effect of linker length on the separation of
materials and composite systems in which the interfacing aromatic hydrocarbons
components are closely matched in modulus and coefficient
of thermal expansion. On the other hand, inorganic surfaces
can impose enormous steric constraints on the accessibility
of organic functional groups in close proximity. If the linker
length is long the functional group has greater mobility and
can extend further from the inorganic substrate. This has
important consequences if the functional group is expected
to react with a single component in a multi-component
organic or aqueous phases found in homogeneous and
phase transfer catalysis, biological diagnostics or liquid
chromatography. Extended linker length is also important
in oriented applications such as self-assembled monolayers
(SAMs). The typical linker length is three carbon atoms, a
consequence of the fact that the propyl group is synthetically
accessible and has good thermal stability.
T. Den et al, in “Silanes, Surfaces, Interfaces” D. Leyden ed., 1986 p403.
Silanes with short linker length Silanes with extended linker length
OCH 3
CH3 Cl
CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2 Si OCH 3
H3C Si O Si Cl SIT8572.6 OCH 3
CH3 Cl SIH5925.0
Cl
OCH 2CH3
N C CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2 Si Cl
N C CH2CH2 Si OCH 2CH3 SIC2445.0 Cl
OCH 2CH3 SIC2456.3
SIH5925.0
OC2H5
SIT8572.6 Cl
HO CH2 Si OC2H5 SIH6175.0 CH2CH2CH2CH2 Si Cl

SIC2456.3 Cl
OC2H5
SIP6724.9
O + OCH Cl
3
OC2H OC2H5
SIC2445.0
5
CH3COCH 2Si OCH 3 CH3OCH 2CH2O CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2 Si Cl
HO CH2 Si O CH2 Si OC2H5 Cl
OCH 3 SIA0055.0
OC2H5 OC2H5 SIM6491.5
SIP6724.9
Contact us today! 215-547-1015 • [email protected]

SIM6491.5 11
Dipodal Silanes
Dipodal silanes are a new series of adhesion promoters Functional dipodal silanes and combinations of non-
that have intrinsic hydrolytic stabilities up to ~10,000 times functional dipodal silanes with functional conventional
greater than conventional silanes. These products have a silanes have significant impact on substrate bonding
significant impact on substrate bonding and mechanical and possess enabling activity in many adhesive systems,
strength of many composite systems to include epoxy, particularly primer and aqueous immersion applications.
urethane, epoxy/urethane hybrids, polysulfide, cyanoacrylate The fundamental step by which silanes provide adhesion
and silicone and may be utilized in water-borne, high solids is forming a -Si-O-X bond with the substrate. If the
and photo-active chemistries. Dipodal silanes are promising substrate is siliceous, the bond durability is dictated by
materials that have already achieved commercial success in bond dissociation of Si-O-Si. According to the equation
applications as diverse as plastic optics, multilayer printed ≡Si-O-Si≡ + H2O ⇌ ≡Si-OH + ≡Si-OH the equilibrium
circuit boards and as adhesive primers for ferrous and for bond dissociation is ~10-4. Recognizing that substrate
nonferrous metals. hydroxyls are not subject to diffusion, the factor is
closer to 10-2. By increasing the number of bonds by
Due to the nature of the silicon molecules the silane
three, the equilibrium for dissociation is increased to
coupling agent is a material used to resist deterioration
~10-6. Theoretically this means that dissociative bond line
by the intrusion of water between the polymer and the
failure that typically occurs in 1 month is increased to ~10,000
substrate. Through the modification of the interface, silane
months. Practically other factors influence the failure,
coupling agents not only provide water resistance, they
but dipodal silanes clearly have the potential to eliminate
are responsible for other important changes associated
failure of adhesive bonds during lifetime requirements of
with composite systems. The interface region may exhibit
many devices. The effect is thought to be a result of both
increased strength because of the modification which forms
the increased crosslink density of the interphase and the
interpenetrating polymer networks of resin and silane.
resistance to hydrolysis of dipodal silanes, which is estimated
In silane surface treatment or ‘in situ’ applications, it has at ~10,000 times greater than conventional coupling agents.
been the practice to hydrolyze the alkoxy groups to form Dipodal silanes have the ability to form six bonds to a
silanol containing species, which are highly reactive and substrate compared to conventional silanes with the ability
are responsible for hydrogen bonding with the substrate. to form only three bonds to a substrate.
However, it would be ideal to supply silanes with enhanced
hydrolytic stability. Different substrates, different conditions, varying silane
combinations and finally the different applications all
The problem with conventional silanes is that silanols have an effect on dipodal silane selection. The key factors
self condense to form siloxanes resulting in phase separation determining silane-dipodal silane mixtures are:
or gelation. Through the addition of dipodal silanes, the
enhanced hydrolytic stability will have significant impact 1. Improved wet adhesion
on shelf life, substrate bonding and improved mechanical 2. Improved chemical resistance
strength of many composite systems. 3. Improved processing
4. Improved coating performance
(such as improved corrosion protection)

Functional Dipodal Silanes
Non-functional Dipodal Silanes
Many conventional coupling agents are frequently Dipodal silanes are now commonly used in a wide
used in combination with 10-40% of a non-functional variety of ways and in many diverse applications. Adding
dipodal silane, where the conventional coupling agent such dipodal silanes enhances hydrolytic stability, which
provides the appropriate functionality for the application, impacts on increased product shelf life, ensures better
and the non-functional dipodal silane provides increased substrate bonding and also leads to improved mechanical
durability. In a typical application a dipodal material such properties in coatings as well as composite applications.
as bis(triethoxysilyl)ethane (SIB1817.0) is combined at a 1. Zazyczny et al in Adhesives & Sealants Industry, November 2008.
1:5 to 1:10 ratio with a traditional coupling agent. It is then
processed in the same way as the traditional silane coupling Dipodal Silane Hydrolutic Stability
agent. With the addition of the non-functional dipodal silane compared to conventional silane
the durability of coatings was extended when compared to
the conventional silane alone.
Effect of dipodal –SiCH2CH2Si- on the bond strength of a

crosslinkable eythlene-vinyl acetate primer formulation
Primer on metal Wet adhesion to metals (N/cm)
10% in i-PrOH Titanium Cold-rolled Steel
No silane Nil Nil
Methacryloxypropylsilane 0.35 7.0
Methacryloxypropylsilane 10.75 28.0
+ 10% dipodal (cohesive failure)
90° peel strength after 2 h in 80°C water B. Arkles, et al. Chemistry - A European Journal, 2014, 20, 9442.
P. Pape et al, in Silanes and Other Coupling Agents, ed. K. Mittal, 1992, VSP, p105

Cyclic Azasilanes much faster compared to any conventional silane coupling
agent. Importantly, the ring opening reaction depicted
Efficient and high yielding, economical reactions are below also shows that the Si-OMe groups associated with
desired throughout chemistry. The rapid reaction of cyclic traditional coupling agents remain unreacted thereby
azasilanes with any and all surface hydroxyl groups is remaining available for hydrolysis and condensation
therefore of unique interest for surface modification. Volatile reactions with other conventional silane coupling agents,
cyclic azasilanes afford high functional density monolayers should this be desired.
on inorganic surfaces such as nanoparticles and other nano-
featured substrates without a hydrolysis step. Furthermore, Cyclic azasilane coupling agents react with a wide
byproducts such as alcohol, HCl, and cage-like condensation variety of hydroxyl rich surfaces generating a range of
products typical with the use of conventional silane coupling organofunctional groups for further surface modification.
agents are eliminated by surface modification using cyclic Common examples of cyclic azasilanes are depicted in
azasilanes. This recently new class of silane coupling agents Figure 1. Physical properties are tabulated on page 45-46.
affords a smooth monolayer and reduces the overall waste
stream as there are no longer any hazardous byproducts.
Cyclic azasilanes exploit the Si–N and Si–O bond
energy differences affording a thermodynamically favorable
ring-opening reaction with surface hydroxyls at ambient
temperature, shown below.
Sometimes referred to as “click-chemistry on surfaces,”
the ring opening occurs through the cleavage of the inherent
Si-N bond in these structures, and promotes a strong
covalent attachment to surface hydroxyl groups. This affords
Figure 1: Examples of Cyclic azasilanes
an organofuntional amine for further reactivity, depicted
below, to link the inorganic surface to an organic moiety.
This reaction proceeds to completion in less than a minute,
Scheme 1: Reaction of one equivalent of a cyclic azasilane, SIM6501.4 (a), and a moisture cross-linking cyclic azasilane, SIB1932.4 (b), with a
hydroxyl rich surface.

Cyclic azasilanes react with hydroxyl surfaces to afford Consumption of the terminal hydroxyls (3745 cm-1)
a monolayer with amine functionality. The monolayers occurs within 58 seconds of addition of the cyclic azasilane
ranging from 2 to 5 nm, as measured by ellipsometry, and solution, while the C-H stretching vibrations of the
have an average roughness of 0.3 nm as measured by atomic Si(OMe)2 remain at 2864 cm-1, indicating the hydrolysis of
force microscopy. Amine-modified surfaces are traditionally these groups, typical of conventional silane coupling agents,
hydrophilic, and the characteristics of cyclic azasilane remain unaffected in this case, where the initial reaction
treated surfaces are consistently hydrophilic. The extent of is solely the breaking of the Si-N bond of the ring by the
the reaction is superior to the conventional counterparts as terminal surface hydroxyl groups. Additional information
presented in Figure 2. regarding this class of silane coupling agents can be found
in the references below.
The rate of reaction with fumed silica can be monitored
by diffuse reflectance FTIR as shown in Figure 3. 1. B. Arkles et al in “Silanes and Other Coupling Agents, Vol. 3,”
K. Mittal (Ed.) VSP-Brill, 2004, p 179.
2. M. Vedamuthu et al, J. Undergrad. Chem. Res., 1, 5, 2002
3. D. Brandhuber et al, J. Mater. Chem., 2005
4. Su, K. et al. U.S. Patent Appl. 2012 2672, 790, 2012
Figure 2: Extent of reaction of organosilanes with fumed silica.
70
68
66
64
62
60
58
%Reflectance
56
54
52
50
48
46
44
42
40
3800 3600 3400 3200 3000 2800 2600

Wavenumbers (cm-1)
Figure 3: DRIFT of untreated silica (blue) and SIB1932.4 treated silica (red) after 56 sec.

Thermal Stability of Silane Relative Thermal Stability of Silanes
Coupling Agents
The general order of thermal stability for silane X
coupling agents is depicted.Most commercial silane R CH2CH2 Si X (beta substitution)
Greater Stability
X
coupling agents have organic functionality separated
from the silicon atom by three carbon atoms and X
R CH2 Si X
are referred to as gamma-substituted silanes. The X (alpha substitution)
gamma-substituted silanes have sufficient thermal
X
stability to withstand short-term process conditions R CH2CH2CH2 Si X
of 350°C and long-term continuous exposure of X (gamma substitution)
160°C. In some applications gamma-substituted
X
silanes have insufficient thermal stability or other R CH2 CH2CH2 Si X
system requirements that can eliminate them from X (ethylene bridged
consideration. In this context, some comparative substituted aromatic)
X
guidelines are provided for the thermal stability of R CH2 Si X
silanes. Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA) data X
(substituted aromatic)
for hydrolysates may be used for bench-marking.
The specific substitution also plays a significant
role in thermal stability. Electron withdrawing
substitution reduces thermal stability, while
electropositive groups enhance thermal stability.
Thermal Stability of Silanes
220°
360°
395°
390°
435°
495°
Flexible multi-layer circuit boards for cell phones utilize

polyimide films coupled w/chloromethylaromatic silanes. 485°
530°
25% weight loss of dried hydrolysates as determined by TGA

Aqueous Systems & Water-borne Silanes

Relative Hydrolysis Rates of Hydrolyzable Groups
Before most surface modification processes, alkoxysilanes
are hydrolyzed forming silanol-containing species. The 700
t-Butoxy
silanol-containing species are highly reactive intermediates
which are responsible for bond formation with the substrate. Isopropoxy
500
In principal, if silanol species were stable, they would be Ethoxy
preferred for surface treatments. Silanols condense with other Methoxyethoxy
silanols or with alkoxysilanes to form siloxanes. This can
Methoxy
be observed when preparing aqueous treatment solutions.
Initially, since most alkoxysilanes have poor solubility in
water, two phases are observed. As the hydrolysis proceeds,
100
a single clear phase containing reactive silanols forms. With
1 10
aging, the silanols condense forming siloxanes and the
solution becomes cloudy. Eventually, as molecular weight of
Hydrolysis Profile of Phenylbis(2-methoxyethoxy)silanol
the siloxanes increases, precipitation occurs.1
Hydrolysis and condensation of alkoxysilanes is
dependent on both pH and catalysts. The general objective
in preparing aqueous solutions is to devise a system in
which the rate of hydrolysis is substantially greater than
the rate of condensation beyond the solubility limit of the
siloxane oligomers. Other considerations are the work-time
requirements for solutions and issues related to byproduct
reactivity, toxicity or flammability.
Stable aqueous solutions of silanes are more readily
F. Osterholtz et al in Silanes and Other Coupling Agents ed K.
prepared if byproduct or additional alcohol is present in the Mittal, VSP, 1992, p119
solution since they contribute to an equilibrium condition
favoring monomeric species. Profile for Condensation of Silanols to Disiloxanes
Water-borne coupling agent solutions are usually glycidoxypropylsilanetriol

free of VOCs and flammable alcohol byproducts. Most glycidoxypropylmethylsilanediol
water-borne silanes can be described as hydroxyl-rich
silsesquioxane copolymers. Apart from coupling, silane aminopropyldimethylsilanol
monomers are included to control water-solubility and
extent of polymerization. Water-borne silanes act as primers
for metals, additives for acrylic latex sealants and as coupling
agents for siliceous surfaces.
pD (pH in D20)
1. B
. Arkles et al, “Factors contributing to the stability of E. Pohl et al in Silanes Surfaces and Interfaces ed.,
alkoxysilanes in aqueous solutions”, J. Adhesion Science D. Leyden, Gordon and Breach, 1985, p481.
Technology, 1992, 6(1), 193.
Water-borne Silsesquioxane Oligomers
Functional Molecular Weight %
H2N
CH2 NH 2δ
+ Code Group Mole % Weight in solution
NH 2δ H
+ H
H2C δ− CH2 WSA-7011 Aminopropyl 65-75 250-500 25-28
H2C − O
Oδ CH2 CH3 CH2
WSA-9911 Aminopropyl 100 270-550 22-25
H2C Si Si WSA-7021 Aminoethylaminopropyl 65-75 370-650 25-28
CH2 O Si O Si O CH2
OH OH WSAV-6511 Aminopropyl, Vinyl 60-65 250-500 25-28
OH m OH n
WSAF-1511 Aminopropyl, Fluoroalkyl 15-20 — 15-20

Masked Silanes - Latent Functionality
Maximum bond strength in some adhesion and bonding systems requires that the organic functionality of a silane
coupling agent becomes available during a discrete time period of substrate - matrix contact. Examples are epoxy adhesives
in which reaction of the silane with the resin increases viscosity of an adhesive to the extent that substrate wet-out is inhibited
and pretreated fillers for composites which can react prematurely with moisture before melt compounding or vulcanization.
A general approach is to mask the organic functionality of the silane which converts it to a storage-stable form and then to
trigger the demasking with moisture, or heat concomitant with bonding or composite formation.
Masked Silanes - Moisture Triggered
Single-component liquid-cure epoxy adhesives and coatings employ dimethylbutylidene blocked amino silanes. These
materials show excellent storage stability in resin systems, but are activated by moisture provided by water adsorbed on
substrate surfaces or from humidity. Deblocking begins in minutes and is generally complete within two hours in sections
with a diffusional thickness of less than 1mm.
Hydrolysis of Blocked Aminosilanes

(SID4068.0/H20/THF = 1/10/20wt%)
100
Hydrolysis of Blocked Aminosilanes
Storage Stability of Epoxy Coating Solutions Hydrolysis of Blocked Aminosilane
80
Hydrolysis Rate (%)
with blocked and unblocked aminosilanes

(SID4068.0/H20/THF = 1/10/20wt%)
10 OC2H5
100
60
Aminosilane - SIA0610.0 H2NCH 2CH2CH2Si OC2H5
OC2H5
8 MIBK
80
(%)
40
H3C CH3
EtOH
Rate(%)
CH
Viscosity (cSt)
6
CH2 OC2H5
HydrolysisRate
Blocked Aminosilane - SID4068.0 C NCH 2CH2CH2Si OC2H5 60

CH3 OC2H5
20 MIBK
Hydrolysis
4 40 EtOH
2 0
20
0 3
Control 15 30 60 120
0 Time(min) 0
3 5 7 14 0 3 15 30 60 120
Days 1 of 1 Time (min)
Epoxy Resin Solution: 50 parts bisphenol A epoxide, Time(min)
5 parts SID4068.0 or SIA0610.0, 50 parts toluene. 1 of 1
An alternative is to use the moisture adsorbed onto fillers to liberate alcohol which, in turn, demasks the organic functionality.
Masked Silanes - Heat Triggered

Isocyanate functionality is frequently delivered to resin systems during elevated temperature bonding or melt processing
steps. Demasking temperatures are typically 160-200°C.

Modification of Metal Substrates

The optimum performance of silanes is associated
with siliceous substrates. While the use of silanes has
been extended to metal substrates, both the effectiveness
and strategies for bonding to these less-reactive substrates
vary. Four approaches of bonding to metals have been used
with differing degrees of success. In all cases, selecting a
dipodal or polymeric silane is preferable to a conventional
trialkoxy silane.
Metals that form hydrolytically stable surface oxides, Octysilane adsorbed on titanium figure courtesy of
e.g. aluminum, tin, titanium. These oxidized surfaces tend M. Banaszak-Holl
to have sufficient hydroxyl functionality to allow coupling Metals that form stable hydrides, e.g. titanium,
under the same conditions applied to the siliceous substrates zirconium, nickel. In a significant departure from traditional
discussed earlier. silane coupling agent chemistry, the ability of certain
Metals that form hydrolytically or mechanically metals to form so-called amorphous alloys with hydrogen
unstable surface oxides, e.g. iron, copper, zinc. These is exploited in an analogous chemistry in which hydride
oxidized surfaces tend to dissolve in water leading to functional silanes adsorb and then react with the surface
progressive corrosion of the substrate or form a passivating of the metal.1 Most silanes of this class possess only simple
oxide layer without mechanical strength. The successful hydrocarbon substitution such as octylsilane. However they
strategies for coupling to these substrates typically involves do offer organic compatibility and serve to markedly change
two or more silanes. One silane is a chelating agent such as a wet-out of the substrate. Both hydride functional silanes and
diamine, polyamine or polycarboxylic acid. A second silane treated metal substrates will liberate hydrogen in the presence
is selected which has a reactivity with the organic component of base or with certain precious metals such as platinum and
and reacts with the first silane by co-condensation. If a associated precautions must be taken.
functional dipodal or polymeric silane is not selected, H
10-20% of a non-functional dipodal silane typically improves H2C CH(CH 2)8CH2Si H
bond strength.
SIU9048.0 H
Metals that do not readily form oxides, e.g. nickel,
gold and other precious metals. Bonding to these substrates
requires coordinative bonding, typically a phosphine, sulfur Coupling Agents for Metals*
(mercapto), or amine functional silane. A second silane is Metal Class Screening Candidates
selected which has a reactivity with the organic component. Copper Amine SSP-060 SIT8398.0
If a functional dipodal or polymeric silane is not selected, SIU9048.0
Gold Sulfur SIT7908.0 SIP6926.2
10-20% of a non-functional dipodal silane typically improves
Phosphorus SID4558.0 SIB1091.0
bond strength.
Iron Amine SIB1834.0 WSA-7011
Sulfur SIB1824.6 SIM6476.0
Tin Amine SIB1835.5
Titanium Epoxy SIG5840.0 SIE6668.0
OCH 3
Hydride SIU9048.0
CH2CH2SCH 2CH2CH2Si OCH 3 Zinc Amine SSP-060 SIT8398.0
N Carboxylate SIT8402.0 SIT8192.6
OCH 3
*These coupling agents are almost always used in conjunction with a second
SIP6926.2 silane with organic reactivity or a dipodal silane.
1. B. Arkles et al J. Adhesion Science Technol, 2012, 26, 41.
SIP6926.2
- +
OH O Na
Difficult Substrates - +
O Ca
Silane coupling agents are generally recommended for
applications in which an inorganic surface has hydroxyl groups
and the hydroxyl groups can be converted to stable oxane bonds Substrates with low concentrations of non-hydrogen bonded
hydroxyl groups, high concentrations of calcium, alkali metals
by reaction with the silane. Substrates such as calcium carbonate, or phosphates pose challenges for silane coupling agents.
copper and ferrous alloys, and high phosphate and sodium glasses
are not recommended substrates for silane coupling agents. In
cases where a more appropriate technology is not available a Removing Surface Impurities
number of strategies have been devised which exploit the organic Eliminating non-bonding metal ions such as sodium, potassium
and calcium from the surface of substrates can be critical for stable
functionality, film-forming and crosslinking properties of silane bonds. Substrate selection can be essential. Colloidal silicas derived
coupling agents as the primary mechanism for substrate bonding from tetraethoxysilane or ammonia sols perform far better than those
derived from sodium sols. Bulk glass tends to concentrate impurities
in place of bonding through the silicon atom. These approaches
on the surface during fabrication. Although sodium concentrations
frequently involve two or more coupling agents. derived from bulk analysis may seem acceptable, the surface
concentration is frequently orders of magnitude higher. Surface
Calcium carbonate fillers and marble substrates do not form impurities may be reduced by immersion in 5% hydrochloric acid for
stable bonds with silane coupling agents. Applications of mixed 4 hours, followed by a deionized water rinse, and then immersion in
deionized water overnight followed by drying.
silane systems containing a dipodal silane or tetraethoxysilane Oxides with high isoelectric points can adsorb carbon dioxide,
in combination with an organofunctional silane frequently forming carbonates. These can usually be removed by a high
increases adhesion. The adhesive mechanism is thought to be temperature vacuum bake.
due to the low molecular weight and low surface energy of the
silanes which allows them initially to spread to thin films and
penetrate porous structures followed by the crosslinking which Increasing Hydroxyl Concentration
results in the formation of a silica-rich encapsulating network. Hydroxyl functionalization of bulk silica and glass may be increased by
The silica-rich encapsulating network is then susceptible to immersion in a 1:1 mixture of 50% aqueous sulfuric acid : 30% hydrogen
coupling chemistry comparable to siliceous substrates. Marble peroxide for 30 minutes followed by rinses in D.I. water and methanol
and then air drying. Alternately, if sodium ion contamination is not critical,
and calciferous substrates can also benefit from the inclusion of boiling with 5% aqueous sodium peroxodisulfate followed by acetone
anhydride-functional silanes which, under reaction conditions, rinse is recommended1.
form dicarboxylates that can form salts with calcium ions. 1. K. Shirai et al, J. Biomed. Mater. Res. 53, 204, 2000.
Metals and many metal oxides can strongly adsorb silanes

if a chelating functionality such as diamine or dicarboxylate Catalyzing Reactions in Water-Free Environments
is present. A second organofunctional silane with reactivity Hydroxyl groups without hydrogen bonding react slowly with methoxy
appropriate to the organic component must be present. Precious silanes at room temperature. Ethoxy silanes are essentially non-reac-
metals such as gold and rhodium form weak coordination bonds tive. The methods for enhancing reactivity include transesterification
catalysts and agents which increase the acidity of hydroxyl groups
with phosphine and mercaptan functional silanes. on the substrate by hydrogen bonding. Transesterification catalysts
include tin compounds such as dibutyldiacetoxytin and titanates such
High phosphate and sodium content glasses are frequently the as titanium isopropoxide. Incorporation of transesterification catalysts
most frustrating substrates. The primary inorganic constituent is at 2-3 weight % of the silane effectively promotes reaction and depo-
sition in many instances. Alternatively, amines can be premixed with
silica and would be expected to react readily with silane coupling solvents at 0.01-0.5 weight % based on substrate prior or concurrent
agents. However alkali metals and phosphates not only do not form to silane addition. Volatile primary amines such as butylamine can be
hydrolytically stable bonds with silicon, but, even worse, catalyze used, but are not as effective as tertiary amines such as benzyldime-
thylamine or diamines such as ethylenediamine. The more effective
the rupture and redistribution of silicon-oxygen bonds. The first amines, however, are more difficult to remove after reaction1.
step in coupling with these substrates is the removal of ions from 1. S. Kanan et al, Langmuir, 18, 6623, 2002.
the surface by extraction with deionized water. Hydrophobic
dipodal or multipodal silanes are usually used in combination
with organofunctional silanes. In some cases polymeric silanes Hydroxylation by Water Plasma & Steam Oxidation
with multiple sites for interaction with the substrate are used. Various metals and metal oxides including silicon and silicon dioxide
can achieve high surface concentrations of hydroxyl groups after
Some of these, such as the polyethylenimine functional silanes exposure to H2O/O2 in high energy environments including steam at
can couple to high sodium glasses in an aqueous environment. 1050°C and water plasma1.
1. N. Alcanter et al, in “Fundamental & Applied Aspects of Chemically
Modified Surfaces” ed. J. Blitz et al, 1999, Roy. Soc. Chem., p212.

Applying Silanes
Deposition from aqueous alcohol solutions is the Deposition from aqueous solution is employed for most
most facile method for preparing silylated surfaces. A 95% commercial fiberglass systems. The alkoxysilane is dissolved
ethanol-5% water solution is adjusted to pH 4.5-5.5 with at 0.5-2.0% concentration in water. For less soluble silanes,
acetic acid. Silane is added with stirring to yield a 2% final 0.1% of a non-ionic surfactant is added prior to the silane and
concentration. Five minutes should be allowed for hydrolysis an emulsion rather than a solution is prepared. The solution
and silanol formation. Large objects, e.g. glass plates, are is adjusted to pH 5.5 with acetic acid. The solution is either
dipped into the solution, agitated gently, and removed after sprayed onto the substrate or employed as a dip bath. Cure
1-2 minutes. They are rinsed free of excess materials by is at 110-120°C for 20-30 minutes. Stability of aqueous silane
dipping briefly in ethanol. Particles, e.g. fillers and supports, solutions varies from 2-12 hours for the simple alkyl silanes.
are silylated by stirring them in solution for 2-3 minutes and Poor solubility parameters limit the use of long chain alkyl
then decanting the solution. The particles are usually rinsed and aromatic silanes by this method. Distilled water is not
twice briefly with ethanol. Cure of the silane layer is for necessary, but water containing fluoride ions must be avoided.
5-10 mins at 110°C or 24 hours at room temperature (<60%
Bulk deposition onto powders, e.g. filler treatment,
relative humidity).
is usually accomplished by a spray-on method. It assumes
that the total amount of silane necessary is known and
that sufficient adsorbed moisture is present on the filler
to cause hydrolysis of the silane. The silane is prepared as
a 25% solution in alcohol. The powder is placed in a high
Figure 1: Vacuum tumble dryers can be used for
intensity solid mixer, e.g. twin cone mixer with intensifier.
slurry treatment of powders.
The methods are most effective. If the filler is dried in trays,
care must be taken to avoid wicking or skinning of the top
layer of treated material by adjusting heat and air flow.
Figure 2: Lab-scale
Reactor for slurry
treatment of powders. Figure 3: Twin-cone blenders with intensive
Separate filtration and mixing bars are used for bulk deposition of
drying steps are required. silanes onto powders.

Applying Silanes
Integral blend methods are used in composite Vapor Phase Deposition Silanes can be applied to
formulations. In this method the silane is used as a simple substrates under dry aprotic conditions by chemical vapor
additive. Composites can be prepared by the addition of deposition methods. These methods favor monolayer
alkoxysilanes to dry-blends of polymer and filler prior to deposition. Although under proper conditions almost all
compounding. Generally 0.2 to 1.0 weight percent of silane silanes can be applied to substrates in the vapor phase,
(of the total mix) is dispersed by spraying the silane in an those with vapor pressures >5 torr at 100°C have achieved
alcohol carrier onto a preblend. The addition of the silane the greatest number of commercial applications. In closed
to non-dispersed filler is not desirable in this technique chamber designs, substrates are supported above or adjacent
since it can lead to agglomeration. The mix is dry-blended to a silane reservoir and the reservoir is heated to sufficient
briefly and then melt compounded. Vacuum devolatization temperature to achieve 5mm vapor pressure. Alternatively,
of byproducts of silane reaction during melt compounding vacuum can be applied until silane evaporation is observed.
is necessary to achieve optimum properties. Properties are In still another variation the silane can be prepared as a
sometimes enhanced by adding 0.5-1.0% of tetrabutyl titanate solution in toluene, and the toluene brought to reflux allowing
or benzyldimethylamine to the silane prior to dispersal. sufficient silane to enter the vapor phase through partial
pressure contribution. In general, substrate temperature
Anhydrous liquid phase deposition of chlorosilanes,
should be maintained above 50° and below 120° to promote
methoxysilanes, aminosilanes and cyclic azasilanes is
reaction. Cyclic azasilanes deposit the quickest- usually less
preferred for small particles and nano-featured substrates.
than 5 minutes. Amine functional silanes usually deposit
Toluene, tetrahydrofuran or hydrocarbon solutions are
rapidly (within 30 minutes) without a catalyst. The reaction
prepared containing 5% silane. The mixture is refluxed for
of other silanes requires extended reaction times, usually 4-24
12-24 hours with the substrate to be treated. It is washed with
hours. The reaction can be promoted by addition of catalytic
the solvent. The solvent is then removed by air or explosion-
amounts of amines.
proof oven drying. No further cure is necessary. This reaction
involves a direct nucleophilic displacement of the silane
chlorines by the surface silanol. If monolayer deposition is
desired, substrates should be predried at 150°C for 4 hours. Figure 4: Apparatus for vapor phase silylation.
Bulk deposition results if adsorbed water is present on
the substrate. This method is cumbersome for large scale
preparations and rigorous controls must be established to
ensure reproducible results. More reproducible coverage is
obtained with monochlorosilanes.
Chlorosilanes can also be deposited from alcohol
solution. Anhydrous alcohols, particularly ethanol or
isopropanol are preferred. The chlorosilane is added to the
alcohol to yield a 2-5% solution. The chlorosilane reacts with
the alcohol producing an alkoxysilane and HCl. Progress
of the reaction is observed by halt of HCl evolution. Mild
warming of the solution (30-40°C) promotes completion
of the reaction. Part of the HCl reacts with the alcohol to
produce small quantities of alkyl halide and water. The
water causes formation of silanols from alkoxysilanes. The
silanols condense on the substrate. Treated substrates are
cured for 5-10 mins. at 110°C or allowed to stand 24 hours
at room temperature.

Applying Silanes
Spin-On Spin-On applications can be made under Spray Application Formulations for spray applications
hydrolytic conditions which favor maximum functionalization vary widely depending on end-use. They involve alcohol
and polylayer deposition or dry conditions which favor solutions and continuously hydrolyzed aqueous solutions
monolayer deposition. For hydrolytic deposition 2-5% employed in architectural and masonry applications. The
solutions are prepared (see deposition from aqueous continuous hydrolysis is effected by feeding mixtures of silane
alcohol). Spin speed is low, typically 500 rpm. Following spin- containing an acid catalyst such as acetic acid into a water
deposition a hold period of 3-15 minutes is required before stream by means of a venturi (aspirator). Stable aqueous
rinse solvent. Dry deposition employs solvent solutions such solutions (see water-borne silanes), mixtures of silanes
as methoxypropanol or ethyleneglycol monoacetate (EGMA). with limited stability (4-8 hours) and emulsions are utilized
Aprotic systems utilize toluene or THF. Silane solutions in textile and fiberglass applications. Complex mixtures
are applied at low speed under a nitrogen purge. If strict with polyvinyl acetates or polyesters enter into the latter
monolayer deposition is preferred, the substrate should be applications as sizing formulations.
heated to 50°. In some protocols, limited polylayer formation
is induced by spinning under an atmospheric ambient with
55% relative humidity.
Figure 7: Spray & contact roller

application of silanes on fiberglass.
Figure 6:
Spray application of silanes on large structures.
Figure 5: Spin-coater for

deposition on wafers.

Acrylate-silanes Silane Coupling Agents for Thermosets
in dental restorative
composites.
Selection Chart
O Coupling Agent Class Suggestions for Primary Screening
Acrylate, UV cure CH C 2
C OCH3
Acrylate SIA0200.0 SIM6487.4
H n Vinyl/Olefin SIS6964.0
Diallylphthalate (COOCCH2 CH CH2 )2 Amine SIA0591.0 SIA0610.0
Vinyl/Olefin SIS6964.0
Dipodal SIB1824.5
Epoxy Amine SIA0591.0 SIT8398.0
CH 3 OH CH 3
Anhydride SIT8192.6
O
H2C CH CH 2 O C O CH 2 CH CH 2 O CH 2
O
O CH 2 CH CH 2 Epoxy SIG5840.0
CH 3 CH 3
Dipodal SIB1834.0
n
Epoxy, UV Cure Amine SIA0591.0 SIT8398.0

C O CH2
O O
Epoxy SIE4668.0 SIE4670.0

O
Polyimide Amine SIA0599.2 SIA0591.0
O
N N R
Halogen SIC2295.5 SIC2296.2
O O n Dipodal SIB1833.0
Furan Amine SIA0611.0 SIA0599.0

CH2 O
O n Epoxy SIG5840.0
CH3 OCH2 NH N NHCH 2 OCH3
Melamine Amine SIA0611.0 SIA0599.0
N N Hydroxyl SIB1140.0
NHCH 2 OCH3 Dipodal SIB1833.0 SIT8717.0
Parylene Halogen SIC2295.5

CH2 CH2
Vinyl/Olefinic SIS6990.0 SIM6487.4
n
Dipodal SIB1832.0 VMM-010
OH
Phenol-formaldehyde CH2 OH Amine SIA0611.0 SIT8187.5
Epoxy SIE4670.0 SIG5840.0
O
Methylmethacrylate, cast C OCH 3 Acrylate SIM6487.4 SIA0200.0
CH2C
Amine SIB1828.0
CH3 n
Polyester, O Acrylate SIM6487.4

unsaturated COCH CHCOCH2 CH2 OCH2 CH2 O
n
Vinyl/Olefin SIS6994.0 SIV9112.0
Urea-formaldehyde O O Amine SIA0610.0 SIU9055.0

HOCH2NHCNHCH 2NHCNHCH 2OH Hydroxyl SIB1140.0
Urethane Amine SIA0610.0 SIM6500.0

H3C
CH3 Isocyanate SII6455.0
O CH3
Sulfur SIM6476.0
CH2 N C O CH2CHO(CH2CHO)n CH2CH
CH3 n

Diamine-silanes
couple Silane Coupling Agents for Thermoplastics
polycar- Selection Chart
bonate
in CDs
Coupling Agent Class Suggestions for Primary Screening
Polyacetal CH2 O n Vinyl/Olefin SIS6994.0
O
C OCH3
Polyacrylate CH C 2 Amine SIU9058.0 SIA0610.0
H
n
Polyamide O Amine SIA0610.0 SIA0614.0

NH(CH 2 )mC Dipodal SIB1834.1 SSP-060
n
Water-borne WSA-7011
O O
Polyamide-imide N N R
Amine SIA0610.0
O
H
n
Halogen SIC2295.5

Polybutylene C CO(CH )mO
Amine SIA0610.0
2
terephthalate O O n Isocyanate SII6455.0

CH 3 O
Polycarbonate O C O C Amine SIA0591.0 SIA0610.0
CH 3 n

Polyether ketone O
O
C
Amine SIA0591.0
n Dipodal SIT8717.0

Polyethylene Amine SIA0591.0 SIT8398.0
CH2 CH2
n Vinyl/Olefin SSP-055 SIV9112.0

Polyphenylene sulfide Amine SIA0605.0
S Halogen SIC2295.5
n Sulfur SIM6476.0

Polypropylene CH3 Acrylate SIM6487.4
CH2 CH Azide SIA0780.0
n Vinyl/Olefin VEE-005 SSP-055

CH CH
Polystyrene 2 Acrylate SIM6487.4
n
Dipodal SIB1831.0
CH 3 O
Polysulfone C O S Amine SIA0591.0 SIU9055.0

CH3 O n
CH2 CH2
Polyvinyl butyral O O
Amine SIA0611.0 SIU9058.0
CH2 CH2 CH3
n
Cl
Polyvinyl chloride Amine SIA0605.0
CH2CH Sulfur SIM6474.0 SIB1825.0
n

Water-borne aminosilanes Silane Coupling Agents for Sealants & Elastomers
increase bonding
of acrylic Selection Chart
latex
sealants
Coupling Agent Class Suggestions for Primary Screening

O
Acrylic latex C OCH 3 Acrylate SIM6487.4
CH2C Vinyl/Olefin SIV9210.0 SIV9218.0
CH3 n Water-borne WSA-7021 WSA-6511

Butyl Acrylate SIM6487.4
CH2 CH CHCH 2 Sulfur SIB1825.0 SIM6476.0
n
Vinyl/Olefin SSP-055 VEE-005
Epichlorohydrin OCH2 CH Amine SIA0605.0

CH2 Cl n Sulfur SIM6474.0

Fluorocarbon (CF2 CF2 )m(CH2 CF2 )n Amine SIB1834.1
Dipodal SIT8717.0
CH3
Isoprene Sulfur SIM6474.0 SIM6476.0
CH2 C CHCH 2
n Vinyl/Olefin SSP-055 VEE-005
Cl
Neoprene Sulfur SIM6474.0 SIM6476.0
CH2C CHCH 2
n Vinyl/Olefin SSP-055 VEE-005
CN
Nitrile Epoxy SIG5840.0
CH CH CH2 CH CH
2 n Sulfur SIB1825.0

Polysulfide CH2 CH2 S Epoxy SIG5840.0
n Sulfur SIB1825.0 SIM6476.0

CH2 CH CH2 CH CH
SBR n Amine SIA0605.0
Sulfur SIB1825.0 SIM6486.0

CH3 CH3 CH3
Silicone HO Si O Si O Si OH
Amine SIA0605.0 SIA0589.0
(hydroxyl terminated) CH3 CH3 n CH3 Vinyl/Olefin SIV9098.0 VMM-010
Dipodal SIB1824.0
CH3 CH3 CH3
Silicone H2 C CH Si O Si O Si CH CH2 Acrylate SIM6487.4
(vinyl terminated) CH3 CH3 n CH3 Vinyl/Olefin SIA0540.0 VMM-010

aldehyde-,
amino-, and Silane Coupling Agents for Biomaterials
hydroxyl-
silanes couple Selection Chart
DNA in array
Suggestions
technology
Site/ Type Coupling Class Co-reactant for Screening
Oligonucleotides hydroxyl SIB1140.0
diamine cobalt ethylenediamine SIA0591.0
semicarbazide SIS6944.0
G. McGall et al, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 119, 5081, 1997. F. Chow, in

“Silylated Surfaces” D. Leyden ed., Gordon & Breach, 1978, p.301.
M. Podyminogin et al, Nucleic Acid Res., 2001, 29, 5090.
DNA terminal favored vinyl/olefin SIO6708.0 SIU9049.0

pendant amine aldehyde SIT8194.0
pendant amine diamine SIA0594.0 SID3543.0
pendant amine epoxy SIE4675.0 SIG5838.0
A. Bensimon, Science, 265, 2096, 1994. J. Grobe et al, J.
Chem. Soc. Chem. Commun, 2323, 1995. C. Kneuer et al, Int’l J.
Pharmaceutics, 196(2), 257, 2000.
Protein lysine aldehyde SIT8194.0

lysine amine glutaraldehyde SIA0611.0 SIA0595.0
lysine amine thiophosgene SIA0611.0
cysteine sulfur dithionite SIM6476.0
tyrosine nitrobenzamide NaNO2/HCl SIT8191.0 SIA0599.0
heparinated amine/quat SSP-060 SIT8415.0
immunoglobin pyridyl-thio SIP6926.4
antibody cyano SIC2456.0
J. Grobe et al, J. Chem. Soc. Chem. Commun, 2323, 1995. H. Weetall, US Pat. 3,652,761. G. Royer, CHEMTECH,
4, 699, 1974. S. Bhatia et al, Anal. Biochem., 178, 408, 1989. J. Venter et al, Proc. Nat. Acad. Soc., 69(5), 1141,
1972. R. Merker et al, Proc. Artificial Heart Prog. Conf., June 9-13, 1969 HEWNIH, p29. S. Falipou, Fundamental &
Applied Aspects of Chemically Modified Surfaces, p389, 1999.
Cell-Organelle
chloroplast alkyl SIO6645.0
mitochondria alkyl SIO6645.0
mitochondria
on silica bead B. Arkles et al, in “Silylated Surfaces” D. Leyden ed., Gordon & Breach,
1978, p363. B. Arkles et al, J. Biol. Chem., 250, 8856, 1975.
Whole Cell
erythrocytes short alkyl SIE4901.4
erythrocytes on
glass wall B. Arkles et al, in “Silylated Surfaces” D. Leyden ed., Gordon & Breach,
1978, p363.
Whole Cell procaryotic alkyl-quat SIO6620.0

(causing lysis) W. White et al in “Silanes, Surfaces & Interfaces” SID3392.0
ed. D. Leyden, Gordon & Breach, 1986, p. 107.
Tissue histological samples SIA0611.0 SIA0610.0

Silane Coupling Agent Properties
Acrylate and Methacrylate Functional Silanes............................................. 29

Aldehyde Functional Silanes........................................................................... 32
Amino Functional Silanes............................................................................... 33
Cyclic Azasilanes......................................................................................... 44
Water-borne Aminoalkyl Silsesquioxane Oligomers.............................. 45
Anhydride Functional Silanes........................................................................ 46
Azide Functional Silanes................................................................................. 46
Carboxylate, Phosphonate and Sulfonate Functional Silanes..................... 47
Epoxy Functional Silanes................................................................................ 48
Ester Functional Silanes................................................................................... 49
Halogen Functional Silanes............................................................................. 50
Hydroxyl Functional Silanes........................................................................... 53
Isocyanate and Masked Isocyanate Functional Silanes............................... 54
Adhesion promoter for structural
polysulfide glass sealants Phosphine and Phosphate Functional Silanes.............................................. 56
Sulfur Functional Silanes................................................................................. 57
Vinyl and Olefin Functional Silanes.............................................................. 59
Multi-Functional and Polymeric Silanes....................................................... 65
UV Active and Fluorescent Silanes................................................................ 65
Chiral Silanes.................................................................................................... 67
Biomolecular Probes........................................................................................ 68
Trihydrosilanes................................................................................................. 69
Dipodal Silyl Hydrides..................................................................................... 69
Epoxy-silanes are essential for performance Dipodal Silanes - Non-Functional................................................................. 70
of epoxy resin encapsulants for microchips.
Organosilane-Modified Silica Nanoparticles................................................ 71
Commercial Status—produced on a regular basis for inventory

Developmental Status—available to support development
and commercialization
New Products—available to support development
Name Mw bp °C/mm (mp °C) D420 nD20
Acrylate and Methacrylate Functional Silanes

Acrylate and Methacrylate Functional Silanes - Trialkoxy
O
O SIA0146.0
3-ACRYLAMIDOPROPYLTRIMETHOXYSILANE, tech-95
N Si
NEW
O C9H19NO4Si 233.34 1.062 1.465
H
O Inhibited with MEHQ
[57577-96-5] HMIS: 3-2-1-X store <5°C 10g
O SIA0180.0
N-(3-ACRYLOXY-2-HYDROXYPROPYL)-3-AMINOPROPYLTRIETHOXYSILANE, 50% in ethanol
O C15H31NO6Si 349.50 0.931 1.4084
O Inhibited with MEHQ Flashpoint: 15°C (59°F)
H O
N Si Used to stabilize Stober silica suspensions. 1
HO 1. Park, B. et al. J. Mater. Sci. 1992, 27, 5692.
O
[123198-57-2] HMIS: 3-4-1-X store <5°C 25g
O SIA0182.0
O ACRYLOXYMETHYLTRIMETHOXYSILANE
NEW
O Si C7H14O5Si 206.27 42-6° / 0.15 1.060
O Coupling agent, comonomer for ormosils
O
O [21134-38-3] TSCA-L HMIS: 3-3-1-X store <5°C 25g
SIA0184.0
O (ACRYLOXYMETHYL)PHENETHYLTRIMETHOXYSILANE, tech-95
C15H22O5Si 310.42
NEW
O
Inhibited with MEHQ; mixed m-, p-; α-, β- isomers
Si O Coupling agent for UV cure systems with less oxygen sensitivity
O [141813-19-6](m-)/[141813-20-9](p-) HMIS: 3-3-1-X store <5°C 10g
SIA0200.0
(3-ACRYLOXYPROPYL)TRIMETHOXYSILANE, 96%
O C9H18O5Si 234.32 68° / 0.4 (<-20°) 1.06 1.4155
COMMERCIAL
O Inhibited with BHT Flashpoint: 123°C (253°F)
O Si
Coupling agent for epoxies, UV cure coatings
O Employed in optical fiber coatings.1
O In combination with dipodal silane, SIB1833.0, increases strength and hydrolytic stability of dental composites.2
1. Yokoshima, M. et al. Chem. Abstr. 113, 15746d; Jap. Pat. 02133338, 1990.
2. Matinlinna, J. et al. Acta Odontol. Scand. 2012, 70, 405.
[4369-14-6] TSCA HMIS: 3-1-1-X store <5°C 25g 100g 2kg
SIM6480.73
(3-METHACRYLAMIDOPROPYL)TRIETHOXYSILANE, tech-95
O
H O C13H27NO4Si 289.44 1.017 1.454
N Si
NEW
Contains 3-methacrylamidopropyldiethoxymethoxysilane Flashpoint: >110°C (>230°F)
O
Hydrophilic coupling agent
O
Intermediate for contact lens monomers
[109213-85-6] HMIS: 2-2-1-X store <5°C 25g
SIM6480.8
O O-(METHACRYLOXYETHYL)-N-(TRIETHOXYSILYLPROPYL)CARBAMATE, 90%
O
O O
O N Si
C16H31NO7Si 377.51 1.05125 1.44625
H
O
O Inhibited with MEHQ
Hydrophilic monomer
[115396-93-5] HMIS: 3-2-1-X store <5°C 25g 100g
O
SIM6481.1
N-(3-METHACRYLOXY-2-HYDROXYPROPYL)-3-AMINOPROPYLTRIETHOXYSILANE, 50% in ethanol
O C16H33NO6Si 363.53 0.910 1.4084
O
O
Inhibited with MEHQ Flashpoint: 11°C (52°F)
H
N Si Employed in conservation/consolidation of stone. 1
HO
O 1. Wheeler, G. In Ninth Int'l Cong. On Deterioration and Conservation of Stone; Fassina, Ed.; Elsevier: 2000; Vol. 2, 541.
[96132-98-8] HMIS: 3-4-1-X store <5°C 25g 100g
O SIM6482.0
O METHACRYLOXYMETHYLTRIETHOXYSILANE
C11H22O5Si 262.38 65-8° / 2 1.000 1.4225
O Si Inhibited with MEHQ Flashpoint: 100°C (212°F)
O
O Treatment of fumed silica in acrylic casting compositions accelerates polymerization.1
1. Morozova, E. et al. Chem. Abstr. 95,98753g; Plast. Massy 1981, 7.
[5577-72-0] TSCA HMIS: 3-2-1-X store <5°C 10g 50g
SIM6483.0
METHACRYLOXYMETHYLTRIMETHOXYSILANE
O C8H16O5Si 220.30 48-50° / 2 (-44°) 1.070 1.4271
O Inhibited with MEHQ Flashpoint: 92°C (198°F)
Viscosity: 1.5 cSt TOXICITY: oral rat, LD50: >2,000 mg/kg
O Si
O Autoignition temperature: 285°C
O Hydrolysis rate > 10 X SIM6487.4
Modification of novolac resin affords bilevel resists having attributes of trilevel resists.1
1. Reichmanis, E.; Smolinsky, G. U.S. Patent 4,481,049, 1984.
[54586-78-6] TSCA HMIS: 3-2-1-X store <5°C 10g 50g 2kg

SIM6487.3
O METHACRYLOXYPROPYLTRIETHOXYSILANE
O C13H26O5Si 290.43 130° / 4 0.985 1.4277
O
O [21142-29-0] TSCA EC 244-239-0 HMIS: 3-1-1-X store <5°C 10g 50g 2kg
SIM6487.35
O METHACRYLOXYPROPYLTRIISOPROPOXYSILANE
O C16H32O5Si 332.51 0.942 1.4234
NEW
O Si Inhibited with MEHQ, HQ TOXICITY: oral rat, LD50: >5,000 mg/kg
O
O [80750-05-6] TSCA EC 279-538-5 HMIS: 2-2-1-X store <5°C 25g 100g
SIM6487.4
O
METHACRYLOXYPROPYLTRIMETHOXYSILANE
O
C10H20O5Si 248.35 78-81° / 1 (-48°) 1.045 1.4310
O Si Inhibited with MEHQ, HQ Flashpoint: 108°C (226°F)
O
O Viscosity: 2 cSt TOXICITY: oral rat, LD50: 3,000 mg/kg
Copolymerization parameters-e,Q: 0.07, 2.7 Primary irritation index: 1.19
Specific wetting surface: 314m2/g
COMMERCIAL
Coupling agent for radical cure polymer systems
See SIA0200.0 for acrylate-functional UV cureable analog
Widely used coupling agent for unsaturated polyester-fiberglass composites.1
Copolymerized with styrene in formation of sol-gel composites.2
Employed in dental polymer composites.3
1. Arkles, B. Chemtech 1977, 7, 713.
2. Wei, Y. et al. J. Mater. Res. 1993, 8, 1143.
3. Matinlinna, J. et al. Int. J. Prosthodontics 2004, 17, 157.
[2530-85-0] TSCA EC 219-785-8 HMIS: 3-1-1-X store <5°C 100g 2kg 18kg
SIM6487.4LI
METHACRYLOXYPROPYLTRIMETHOXYSILANE, low inhibitor grade
C10H20O5Si 248.35 78-81° / 1 1.045 1.4310
O Contains <10 ppm BHT, hydroquinones
O Employed in dental restorative composites
NEW
O Si
O
O
[2530-85-0] TSCA EC 219-785-8 HMIS: 3-1-1-X store <5°C 25g

SIM6487.5
O O METHACRYLOXYPROPYLTRIS(METHOXYETHOXY)SILANE, tech-80
O O C16H32O8Si 380.51 128° / 10 1.06
NEW
O Si
O Contains methacryloxypropylbis(methoxyethoxy)methoxysilane and methacryloxypropyl(methoxyethoxy)dimethoxysilane
O
[57069-48-4] TSCA EC 260-537-3 HMIS: 3-1-1-X store <5°C 50g
O
Acrylate and Methacrylate Functional Silanes - Dialkoxy

SIA0197.0
O (3-ACRYLOXYPROPYL)METHYLDIETHOXYSILANE, 95%
O C11H22O4Si 246.38 40° / 1 0.947 1.4139
NEW
O Si Inhibited with MEHQ Flashpoint: >110°C (>230°F)

O [146666-71-9] HMIS: 3-2-1-X store <5°C 25g
SIA0198.0
O (3-ACRYLOXYPROPYL)METHYLDIMETHOXYSILANE, 95%
O C9H18O4Si 218.33 65° / 0.35 1.01 1.431
O Si Inhibited with MEHQ
Employed in fabrication of photoimageable, low shrinkage multimode waveguides.1
O 1. Xu, C. et al. Chem. Mater. 1996, 8, 2701.
[13732-00-8] TSCA-L HMIS: 3-2-1-X store <5°C 50g 250g

SIM6481.43
O (METHACRYLOXYMETHYL)METHYLDIETHOXYSILANE
O
C10H20O4Si 232.35 221° 0.977
O
Si
TOXICITY: oral rat, LD50: >2,000 mg/kg
O
[121177-93-3] TSCA HMIS: 2-2-1-X store <5°C 25g
O SIM6481.46
O (METHACRYLOXYMETHYL)METHYLDIMETHOXYSILANE
C8H16O4Si 204.30 205° 1.020 1.4274
O TOXICITY: oral rat, LD50: >2,000 mg/kg
Autoignition temperature: 300˚C
[3978-58-3] HMIS: 3-2-1-X store <5°C 25g 100g
SIM6486.8
O METHACRYLOXYPROPYLMETHYLDIETHOXYSILANE, 95%
O C12H24O4Si 260.40 95° / 1 0.965 1.4330
O
[65100-04-1] HMIS: 3-1-1-X store <5°C 10g 50g
SIM6486.9
O
METHACRYLOXYPROPYLMETHYLDIMETHOXYSILANE, 95%
COMMERCIAL
O C H O Si 235.69 65° / 0.35 1.000 1.4355
10 20 4
O Si Flashpoint: 115°C (239°F)
O
Monomer for hybrid inorganic-organic composites.1
1. Taylor-Smith, R. Polym. Mater. Sci. Eng., Preprints 1997, 77, 503.
[14513-34-9] TSCA-L EC 238-518-6 HMIS: 3-1-1-X store <5°C 25g 100g 2kg
Acrylate and Methacrylate Functional Silanes - Monoalkoxy

SIA0190.0
O
(3-ACRYLOXYPROPYL)DIMETHYLMETHOXYSILANE, 95%
O C9H18O3Si 202.32 54-5° / 0.1
NEW
[111918-90-2] HMIS: 3-2-1-X store <5°C 5g 25g
SIM6481.3
O
(METHACRYLOXYMETHYL)DIMETHYLETHOXYSILANE
C9H18O3Si 202.32 62-3° / 0.3 0.9447 1.428225
NEW
O [5577-70-8] HMIS: 3-2-1-X store <5°C 10g 50g
SIM6486.4
O METHACRYLOXYPROPYLDIMETHYLETHOXYSILANE, 95%
C11H22O3Si 230.38 75-6° / 0.4 0.926 1.4371
O
[13731-98-1] HMIS: 3-2-1-X store <5°C 10g
SIM6486.5
O METHACRYLOXYPROPYLDIMETHYLMETHOXYSILANE, 95%
C10H20O3Si 216.35 70-2° / 0.5 0.944 1.4381
O Si
Inhibited with MEHQ
O Component in positive tone 157 nm resist.1
1. Tegou, E. et al. Chem. Mater. 2004, 16, 2567.
[66753-64-8] EC 266-472-7 HMIS: 3-2-1-X store <5°C 10g 50g
O Acrylate and Methacrylate Functional Silanes - Polymeric

O SIA0200.2
(CH2)3 (3-ACRYLOXYPROPYL)TRIMETHOXYSILANE, oligomeric hydrolysate
O 1.2
NEW
Si Viscosity: 8-12 cSt

O Employed in rapid prototyping
O
n
HMIS: 2-2-1-X store <5°C 25g 100g
SIM6487.42
METHACRYLOXYPROPYLTRIMETHOXYSILANE, oligomeric hydrolysate
1200-2500 1.20 1.46
O Viscosity: 1,000-3,000 cSt
O Soluble: acetone, ethanol, THF
NEW
[160185-24-0] TSCA HMIS: 2-1-0-X store <5°C 25g 100g

(CH2)3
O
Si
O
O
n

Aldehyde Functional Silanes

Aldehyde Functional Silanes - Trialkoxy
SIT8185.3
TRIETHOXYSILYLBUTYRALDEHYDE, tech-90
O C10H22O4Si 234.37 85-71° / 1 0.96 1.414
O
Contains 3-TRIETHOXYSILYL-2-METHYLPROPANAL isomer and
Si
O cyclic siloxy acetal, 2,2,6-TRIETHOXY-1-OXA-2-SILACYCLOHEXANE
O Coupling agent for chitosan to titanium.1
1. Martin, H. et al. Appl. Surf. Sci. 2008, 254, 4599.
[917773-12-7]/[88276-92-0] TSCA-L HMIS: 3-3-1-X 10g
SIT8194.0
TRIETHOXYSILYLUNDECANAL, tech-95
O C17H36O4Si 332.56 150-5° / 0.5 0.930 1.4343
O
Treated surface contact angle, water: 70°
Si
O Long chain coupling agent for DNA
10
O Provides greater stability for coupled proteins than shorter alkyl homologs.1
1. Seitz, O. et al. J. Mater. Chem. 2011, 21, 4384.
[116047-42-8] HMIS: 2-2-1-X 5g
SIT8194.5
O TRIETHOXYSILYLUNDECANAL, ETHYLENE GLYCOL ACETAL
O O C19H40O5Si 366.61 160-5° / 0.25
Si
[866935-66-2] HMIS: 2-2-1-X 5g
O 10
O

Amino Functional Silanes

Monoamine Functional Silanes - Trialkoxy
SIA0587.0
O 4-AMINOBUTYLTRIETHOXYSILANE, 95%
H2N C10H25NO3Si 235.40 114-6° / 14 0.94125 1.427025
Si Flashpoint: 109°C (228°F)
O
O TOXICITY: oral rat, LD50: 1,620 mg/kg
Amino-functional coupling agent
[3069-30-5] HMIS: 2-1-1-X 10g 50g
SIA0587.07
4-AMINO-3,3-DIMETHYLBUTYLTRIMETHOXYSILANE
O
COMMERCIAL
AMINONEOHEXYLTRIMETHOXYSILANE
C9H23NO3Si 221.37 230° 0.977 1.4302
Si
H2N O Flashpoint: 97°C (207°F)
O Sterically hindered primary amine coupling agent
Non-yellowing aminosilane coupling agent for flexible adhesives and sealants
[157923-74-5] TSCA HMIS: 3-1-1-X 25g 100g 2kg
SIA0590.5
O N-(2-AMINOETHYL)-3-AMINOPROPYLTRIETHOXYSILANE, 95%
H2N C11H28N2O3Si 264.55 156° / 15 0.994 1.436725
N Si
H O Flashpoint: 148°C (298°F)
O
Coupling agent with slower hydrolysis than SIA0591.0, SAI0592.6
[5089-72-5] TSCA EC 225-806-1 HMIS: 3-1-1-X 25g
H2N O
SIA0598.0
O 3-(m-AMINOPHENOXY)PROPYLTRIMETHOXYSILANE, tech-95
O C12H21NO4Si 271.39 125-135° / 0.5 1.02 1.495
Si
Amber liquid
O
High temperature coupling agent
[55648-29-8] TSCA HMIS: 3-1-1-X 10g 50g
SIA0599.0
O
O m-AMINOPHENYLTRIMETHOXYSILANE, 95%
H2N Si C9H15NO3Si 213.31 110-4° / 0.6 1.19 1.5187
O Contains other isomers Flashpoint: 180°C (356°F)
Coupling agent for polyimides used in electronics
[70411-42-6] TSCA-L HMIS: 3-1-1-X 5g
NH2 SIA0599.1
p-AMINOPHENYLTRIMETHOXYSILANE, 95%
C9H15NO3Si 213.31 110-4° / 0.6 (60-62°)
Contains other isomers Flashpoint: 180°C (356°F)
Coupler for silica-poly(phenyleneterephthalamide) composite films.1
Together with phenyltrimethoxysilane, SIP6822.0, can be used to increase the dispersibility of mesoporous silica.2
O Si O 1. Mark, J. et al. J. Mater. Chem. 1997, 7, 259.
2. Banet, P. et al. Langmuir 2008, 24, 9030.
O [33976-43-1] EC 251-772-2 HMIS: 3-1-1-X 5g
SIA0599.2
O AMINOPHENYLTRIMETHOXYSILANE
O C9H15NO3Si
H2N Si
213.31 110-4° / 0.6 (60-62°) 1.19
NEW
Mixed isomers, typically 60-70% para,30-40% meta Flashpoint: 180°C (356°F)
O Coupling agent for polyimides used in electronics
[33976-43-1] HMIS: 3-1-1-X 25g
SIA0610.0
3-AMINOPROPYLTRIETHOXYSILANE
GAPS, AMEO, A-1100
C9H23NO3Si 221.37 122-3° / 30 0.951 1.4225
O Viscosity: 1.6 cSt Flashpoint: 104°C (219°F)
O ΔHvap: 11.8 kcal/mole TOXICITY: oral rat, LD50: 1,780 mg/kg
H2N Si
Treated surface contact angle, water: 59° Primary irritation index: 6.50
O γc of treated surfaces: 37.5 mN/m Vapor pressure, 100˚: 10 mm
Specific wetting surface: 353 m2/g
Widely used coupling agent for phenolic, epoxy, polyamide and polycarbonate resins
COMMERCIAL
Effects imobilization of enzymes.1

Used to bind Cu(salicylaldimine) to silica.2
Cu
N N
O O
Si Si
Aminosilanes are widely used as O
coupling agents for fiberglass O O O
insulation and composites 1. Enzymes 1976, 84, 55915.
2. Murphy, E. F. et al. Inorg. Chem. 2003, 42, 2559.
[919-30-2] TSCA EC 213-048-4 HMIS: 3-1-1-X 25g 2kg 16kg

SIA0610.1
3-AMINOPROPYLTRIETHOXYSILANE 99+%
O C9H23NO3Si
O 221.37 122-3° / 30 0.951 1.4225
H2N Si Flashpoint: 104°C (219°F)
Low fluorescence grade for high throughput screening
O [919-30-2] TSCA EC 213-048-4 HMIS: 3-1-1-X 25g
* in fluoropolymer bottle
SIA0611.0
3-AMINOPROPYLTRIMETHOXYSILANE
C6H17NO3Si 179.29 80° / 8 1.027 1.4240
Flashpoint: 83°C (181°F)
O
COMMERCIAL
O
H2N Si
Vapor pressure, 67˚: 5 mm
O Coupling agent with superior reactivity in vapor phase and non-aqueous surface treatments
Hydrolysis rate vs SIA0610.0: 6:1
Used to immobilize Cu and Zn Schiff base precatalysts for formation of cyclic carbonates.1
1. Tasci, Z.; Ulusoy, M. J. Organomet. Chem. 2012, 713, 104.
SIA0614.0
O O 3-AMINOPROPYLTRIS(METHOXYETHOXYETHOXY)SILANE, 95%
O Si
3 C18H41NO9Si 443.61 1.066 1.448
H2N Coupling agent for melt compounding of polyamides and epoxides
[87994-64-7] EC 289-365-7 HMIS: 3-2-1-X 25g
SIA0630.0
11-AMINOUNDECYLTRIETHOXYSILANE
O C17H39NO3Si 333.59 128-32° / 1 0.89525 1.435225
O
H2N Si
Contains ~ 5% isomers
11 O
[116821-45-5] HMIS: 2-2-1-X 1.0g
SIP6928.0
N 2-(4-PYRIDYLETHYL)TRIETHOXYSILANE
O C13H23NO3Si 269.43 105° / 0.9 1.00 1.462424
Si Amber liquid
O Forms self-assembled layers which can be “nano-shaved” by scanning AFM. 1
O 1. Rosa, L. et al. Mater. Lett.2009, 63, 961.

[98299-74-2] HMIS: 3-2-1-X 10g
SIP6930.0
2-(2-PYRIDYLETHYL)TRIMETHOXYSILANE
O 2-(TRIMETHOXYSILYLETHYL)PYRIDINE
C10H17NO3Si 227.33 105° / 0.3 1.06 1.4755
N Si
O Flashpoint: >110°C (>230°F)
O [27326-65-4] HMIS: 3-1-1-X 10g 50g
SIT8410.0
N-(3-TRIMETHOXYSILYLPROPYL)PYRROLE
O
O C10H19NO3Si 229.35 105-7° / 1 1.017 1.463
N Si Flashpoint: >110°C (>230°F)
O For electrode modification, polypyrrole adhesion.
1
1. Simon, R. et al. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1982, 104, 2031.

[80906-67-8] HMIS: 3-1-1-X 5g
Monoamine Functional Silanes - Water-borne

H2
SIA0608.0
3-AMINOPROPYLSILANETRIOL, 22-25% in water
N H C3H11NO3Si 137.21 1.06
COMMERCIAL
Mainly oligomers; monomeric at concentrations <5% Flashpoint: >110°C (>230°F)

O pH: 10.0-10.5
Si Water-borne, VOC-free coupling agent
OH Internal hydrogen bonding stabilizes solution
OH See also WSA-7011 for greater hydrolytic stability
[58160-99-9] / [29159-37-3] TSCA EC 261-145-5 HMIS: 2-0-0-X 25g 2kg 18kg
Monoamine Functional Silanes - Dialkoxy

SIA0587.05
4-AMINO-3,3-DIMETHYLBUTYLMETHYLDIMETHOXYSILANE
O C9H23NO2Si 205.37 0.924825 1.4365
NEW
Si TOXICITY: oral rat, LD50: 631 mg/kg

H2N O Comonomer for non-yellowing textile lubricants
[156849-43-3] TSCA HMIS: 3-2-1-X 25g 100g 2kg

SIA0605.0
3-AMINOPROPYLMETHYLDIETHOXYSILANE, 95%
C8H21NO2Si 191.34 85-8° / 8 0.916 1.4272
O
COMMERCIAL
H2N Si TOXICITY: oral rat, LD50: 4,760 mg/kg
Coupling agent for foundry resins, including phenolic novolaks and resols
O
Vapor phase deposition >150˚ on silica yields high density amine functionality.1
1. Ek, S. et al. Langmuir 2003, 19, 3461.
Monoamine Functional Silanes - Monoalkoxy

SIA0587.1
1-AMINO-2-(DIMETHYLETHOXYSILYL)PROPANE, 85%
C7H19NOSi 161.32 101-7° / 100 0.85 1.431
O
NEW
Contains 3-aminopropyldimethylethoxysilane
H2N Si HMIS: 3-2-1-X 5g
SIA0602.0
H2N O 3-AMINOPROPYLDIISOPROPYLETHOXYSILANE
Si C11H27NOSi 217.43 78-80° / 0.4 0.87225 1.4489
Forms hydrolytically stable amino-functional bonded phases and monolayers
[117559-36-1] HMIS: 3-2-0-X 5g 25g
SIA0603.0
3-AMINOPROPYLDIMETHYLETHOXYSILANE
O C7H19NOSi 161.32 78-9° / 24 0.85725 1.427625
H2N Si
ΔHform: 147.6 kcal/mole Flashpoint: 73°C (163°F)
Coupling agent for DNA array technology
[18306-79-1] TSCA HMIS: 3-2-1-X 5g 25g
Diamine Functional Silanes - Trialkoxy

H2N SIA0588.0
(AMINOETHYLAMINOMETHYL)PHENETHYLTRIMETHOXYSILANE, tech-90
C14H26N2O3Si 298.46 126-30° / 0.2 1.02 1.5083
N
H Mixed m-,p- isomers Flashpoint: >110°C (>230°F)
Coupling agent for polyimides. 1
Photochemically sensitive (194nm).2

Forms self assembled monolayers.3
Reagent for charge heterogeneity in micropatterning.4
1. Arkles, B. et al. Modern Plastics 1980, 57, 64.
2. Dressick, W. et al. Thin Solid Films 1996, 284, 568.
O Si O 3. Harnett, C. et al. Appl. Phys. Lett. 2000, 76, 2466.
4. Chen, J. et al. Nano Lett. 2002, 2, 393.
O [74113-77-2] TSCA HMIS: 3-1-1-X 25g 100g
SIA0591.0
N-(2-AMINOETHYL)-3-AMINOPROPYLTRIMETHOXYSILANE, tech-95
N-[3-(TRIMETHOXYSILYL)PROPYL]ETHYLENEDIAMINE; DAMO
O
H2N C8H22N2O3Si 222.36 140° / 15 1.01925 1.45025
N Si
H O Contains 2-6% N,N’-BIS[(TRIMETHOXYSILYL)PROPYL]ETHYLENE- Flashpoint: 150°C (302°F)
O DIAMINE TOXICITY: oral rat, LD50: 7,460 mg/kg
Viscosity: 6.5 cSt Autoignition temperature: 300˚C
COMMERCIAL
Surface tension: 36.5 mN/m Coefficient of thermal expansion: 0.8 x 10-3
Specific wetting surface: 358 m /g
2
Coupling agent for polyamides, polycarbonates (e.g. in CDs), polyesters and copper/brass adhesion
Film-forming coupling agent/primer, fiberglass size component
For cyclic version see SID3543.0, for pre-hydrolyzed version see SIA0590.0
Used in the immobilization of copper (II) catalyst on silica.1
Used together w/ SID3396.0 to anchor PdCl2 catalyst to silica for acceleration of the Tsuji-Trost reaction.2
1. Wu, Q.; Wang, L. Synthesis 2008, 2007.
2. Noda, H. et al. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl.2012, 51, 8017.
SIA0591.1
COMMERCIAL
O
N-(2-AMINOETHYL)-3-AMINOPROPYLTRIMETHOXYSILANE, 98%
H2N N-[3-(TRIMETHOXYSILYL)PROPYL]ETHYLENEDIAMINE; DAMO
N Si C8H22N2O3Si
H O
222.36 140° / 15 1.01925 1.45025
O Flashpoint: 150°C (302°F)
[1760-24-3] TSCA EC 217-164-6 HMIS: 3-1-1-X 25g 100g 2kg

SIA0592.6
O N-(6-AMINOHEXYL)AMINOMETHYLTRIETHOXYSILANE, 95%
H O C13H32N2O3Si 292.49 160° / 0.1 0.92825 1.438525
H2N N Si Flashpoint: >110°C (>230°F)
TOXICITY: oral rat, LD50: 500 mg/kg
6 O
Long-chain amino coupling agent
[15129-36-9] HMIS: 3-2-1-X 25g 100g
SIA0594.0
N-(6-AMINOHEXYL)AMINOPROPYLTRIMETHOXYSILANE, 95%
C12H30N2O3Si 278.47 160-5° / 0.15 1.11 1.4501
O
H O Flashpoint: >110°C (>230°F)
H2N N Si Employed in immobilization of DNA.1
Employed for immobilization of PCR primers on beads.2
6 O 1. Kneuer, C. et al. Int'l. J. Pharmaceutics 2000, 196, 257.
2. Andreadis, J. et al. Nuc. Acid Res. 2000, 28, E-5.
[51895-58-0] HMIS: 3-1-1-X 10g 50g
SIA0595.0
O N-(2-AMINOETHYL)-11-AMINOUNDECYLTRIMETHOXYSILANE
H2N C16H38N2O3Si 334.57 155-9° / 0.4 0.87325 1.4515
N Si
H 11 O Coupling agent with extended spacer-group for remote substrate binding
O
[121772-92-7] HMIS: 3-1-1-X 5g
SIA0599.4
N-3-[(AMINO(POLYPROPYLENOXY)]AMINOPROPYLTRIMETHOXYSILANE, 60 - 65%
O
O
337-435 0.984 1.4508
H
H2N
O
N Si Contains amine-terminated polypropylene oxide
O
3-4
3-4 propylenoxy units
Coupling agent with film-forming capability.
HMIS: 2-2-1-X 25g
SIB0956.0
H O N-(2-N-BENZYLAMINOETHYL)-3-AMINOPROPYLTRIMETHOXYSILANE, tech-90
N
N Si C15H28N2O3Si 312.48 1.035 1.4902
H
NEW
O
O Contains aminoethylaminopropyltrimethoxysilane Flashpoint: 69°C (156°F)
[209866-89-7] TSCA HMIS: 3-2-1-X 25g 100g
Diamine Functional Silanes - Water-borne

SIA0590.0
N-(2-AMINOETHYL)-3-AMINOPROPYLSILANETRIOL, 25% in water, mainly oligomers
C5H16N2O3Si 180.28 1.00
COMMERCIAL
OH
H2N pH: 10.0-10.5 Flashpoint: >110°C (>230°F)
N Si Internal hydrogen bonding stabilizes solution
H OH
HO Additive for CMP slurries
Aqueous primer, adhesion promoter for resin-to-metal applications
See also WSA-7021 for greater hydrolytic stability
[68400-09-9] TSCA HMIS: 2-0-0-X 100g 2kg 18kg
Diamine Functional Silanes - Polymeric

SIA0591.3
N-(2-AMINOETHYL)-3-AMINOPROPYLTRIMETHOXYSILANE-PROPYLTRIMETHOXYSILANE, oligomeric co-hydrolysate
NEW
C9H24N2OSi 1.09 1.442
Flashpoint: >110°C (>230°F)
TSCA HMIS: 3-2-1-X 25g 100g
Diamine Functional Silanes - Dialkoxy

SIA0587.5
O N-(2-AMINOETHYL)-3-AMINOISOBUTYLMETHYLDIMETHOXYSILANE, 95%
C9H24N2O2Si 220.39 131° / 15 0.960 1.4518
Si Amino-functional coupling agent Flashpoint: 96°C (205°F)
O
H2N [23410-40-4] TSCA EC 245-642-4 HMIS: 3-2-1-X 25g
N
H
SIA0588.8
N-(2-AMINOETHYL)-3-AMINOPROPYLMETHYLDIETHOXYSILANE
O C10H26N2O2Si 234.41 108-110° / 1.5 0.923 1.445
H2N
NEW
N Si
H Adhesion promoter for silanol-functional silicones on metal substrates
O
[70240-34-5] EC 274-494-3 HMIS: 3-2-1-X 25g

SIA0589.0
N-(2-AMINOETHYL)-3-AMINOPROPYLMETHYLDIMETHOXYSILANE, tech-95
C8H22N2O2Si 206.36 265° 0.97525 1.444725
COMMERCIAL
O Specific wetting surface: 380 m2/g Flashpoint: 90°C (194°F)
H2N
N Si TOXICITY: oral rat, LD50: >2,000 mg/kg
H Autoignition temperature: 280˚C
O
Comonomer for silicones in textile softeners and hair care formulations
Coupling agent for furan-quartz sand floor coating systems
Adhesion promoter for urea-formaldehyde binders on flexible substrates
Diamine Functional Silanes - Monoalkoxy

SIA0587.2
O N-(2-AMINOETHYL)-3-AMINOISOBUTYLDIMETHYLMETHOXYSILANE, 95%
Si C9H24N2OSi 204.39 85-9° / 2 0.90025 1.451325
H2N
N
Amino-functional coupling agent
H [31024-49-4] HMIS: 3-2-1-X 25g
Triamine Functional Silanes

SIT8398.0
(3-TRIMETHOXYSILYLPROPYL)DIETHYLENETRIAMINE, tech-95
COMMERCIAL
H
N
O C10H27N3O3Si 265.43 114-8° / 2 1.030 1.4590
H2N N
H
Si
O
γc of treated surface: 37.5 mN/m Flashpoint: 137°C (279°F)
O
Hardener, coupling agent for epoxies
Secondary Amine Functional Silanes

SIA0400.0
3-(N-ALLYLAMINO)PROPYLTRIMETHOXYSILANE, 95%
O C9H21NO3Si 219.36 106-9° / 25 0.98925 1.499025
N Si
H O Coupling agent for polyesters
O
Coupling agent for acrylic coatings for glass containers.1
1. Hashimoto. Y. et al. Eur. Pat. Appl. EP 289,325, 1988.
[31024-46-1] TSCA EC 250-435-7 HMIS: 3-2-1-X 10g 50g
SIB1932.2
COMMERCIAL
n-BUTYLAMINOPROPYLTRIMETHOXYSILANE
O
C10H25NO3Si 235.40 102° / 3.5 0.947 1.424625
N Si
O
Reacts with isocyanate resins (urethanes) to form moisture cureable systems
SIB1932.3
t-BUTYLAMINOPROPYLTRIMETHOXYSILANE
O
C10H25NO3Si 235.40 98-9° / 3 0.924 1.4208
NEW
N Si
H O
[174219-86-4] HMIS: 2-2-1-X 5g
O
SIC2464.16
(N-CYCLOHEXYLAMINOMETHYL)METHYLDIETHOXYSILANE, 95%
O C12H27NO2Si 245.40 235° 0.93
NEW
NH Si
O End-cap modifier for moisture-cure urethane systems (SPUR)
[27445-54-1] HMIS: 2-2-1-X 25g
SIC2464.2
(N-CYCLOHEXYLAMINOMETHYL)TRIETHOXYSILANE, 95%
O C13H29NO3Si 275.46 236° 0.950 1.4377
O
NH Si Flashpoint: 119°C (246°F)
O [26495-91-0] TSCA EC 247-744-4 HMIS: 2-1-1-X 25g 100g
SIC2464.4
(N-CYCLOHEXYLAMINOPROPYL)TRIMETHOXYSILANE
O C12H27NO3Si 261.43 114° / 3 0.99 1.48625
N Si
H O Viscosity: 5-7 cSt Flashpoint: >110°C (>230°F)
O
Autoignition temperature: 260°C
[3068-78-8] TSCA EC 221-329-8 HMIS: 3-2-1-X 25g 2kg

SIE4885.8
O (3-(N-ETHYLAMINO)ISOBUTYL)METHYLDIETHOXYSILANE
H C11H27NO2Si 233.43 89° / 27
N Si
[275378-62-6] HMIS: 3-2-1-X 25g
O
SIE4886.0
(3-(N-ETHYLAMINO)ISOBUTYL)TRIMETHOXYSILANE
COMMERCIAL
O C9H23NO3Si 221.37 95° / 10 0.95225 1.4234
H O
N Si Flashpoint: 91°C (196°F)
Reacts with isocyanate resins (urethanes) to form moisture cureable systems
O
[227085-51-0] TSCA HMIS: 3-2-1-X 25g 100g 2kg
SIM6498.0
N-METHYLAMINOPROPYLMETHYLDIMETHOXYSILANE
O C7H19NO2Si 177.32 93° / 25 0.917325 1.422425
H
[31024-35-8] EC 250-434-1 HMIS: 3-2-1-X 25g 100g
O
SIM6500.0
N-METHYLAMINOPROPYLTRIMETHOXYSILANE
O
COMMERCIAL
C7H19NO3Si 193.32 106° / 30 0.97825 1.4194
H O
γc of treated surfaces: 31 mN/m Flashpoint: 82°C (180°F)
N Si
pKb25, H2O: 5.18
O Orients liquid crystals
Reacts with urethane prepolymers to form moisture-curable resins
SIP6723.67
O (PHENYLAMINOMETHYL)METHYLDIMETHOXYSILANE, 95%
NH C10H17NO2Si 211.34 255° 1.04 1.5147
[17890-10-7] HMIS: 3-2-1-X 25g 100g
O
SIP6723.7
N-PHENYLAMINOMETHYLTRIETHOXYSILANE
COMMERCIAL
O C13H23NO3Si 269.42 135-7° / 4 1.00425 1.48525
Si O
Converts isocyanate-terminated polyurethanes to moisture curable resins
NH O [3473-76-5] HMIS: 3-2-1-X 25g 100g 2kg
SIP6724.0
N-PHENYLAMINOPROPYLTRIMETHOXYSILANE
COMMERCIAL
O
H O C12H21NO3Si 255.38 132-5° / 0.3 1.07 1.504
N Si Specific wetting surface: 307 m2/g Flashpoint: 165°C (329°F)
O Oxidatively stable coupling agent for polyimides, phenolics, epoxies
Tertiary Amine Functional Silanes

SIB1140.0
N,N-BIS(2-HYDROXYETHYL)-3-AMINOPROPYLTRIETHOXYSILANE, 62% in ethanol
C13H31NO5Si 309.48 0.92 1.409025
Contains 2-3% hydroxyethylaminopropyltriethoxysilane Flashpoint: 24°C (75°F)
O
HO N Si Specific wetting surface: 252 m /g
2
O Urethane polymer coupling agent

O
Employed in surface modification for preparation of oligonucleotide arrays.1
HO 1. McGall, G. et al. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 1996, 93, 1355.
[7538-44-5] TSCA EC 231-408-9 HMIS: 3-4-0-X 25g 100g
SIB1835.0
N BIS(3-TRIMETHOXYSILYLPROPYL)-N-METHYLAMINE
C13H33NO6Si2 355.58 175° / 10 1.023 1.430
NEW

O Si O O Si O
[31024-70-1] HMIS: 2-1-0-X 25g 100g
O O

SIC2058.2
3-CARBAZOLYLPROPYLTRIETHOXYSILANE
N
C21H29NO3Si 371.55 185-195° / 0.3 1.072 1.552725
For non-linear optic materials
NEW
Employed in OLED fabrication.1
O
1. DeMais, T. et al. SPIE Proc. 1998, 3476, 338
Si
O [221105-38-0] HMIS: 2-2-1-X 2.5g
O
SID3395.4
O (N,N-DIETHYLAMINOMETHYL)TRIETHOXYSILANE
COMMERCIAL
C11H27NO3Si 249.43 74-6° / 3 0.933625 1.414225
Si O
N O Catalyst for neutral cure 1-part RTVs
[15180-47-9] TSCA-L HMIS: 2-2-1-X 25g 100g 2kg
SID3395.6
O (N,N-DIETHYLAMINOMETHYL)TRIMETHOXYSILANE, 95%
C8H21NO3Si 207.40 0.95 1.415
Si O
Charge control agent for toner particles
NEW
N O Crosslinker for moisture-cure silicone RTVs
[67475-66-5] TSCA-L HMIS: 3-2-1-X 25g
SID3396.0
(N,N-DIETHYL-3-AMINOPROPYL)TRIMETHOXYSILANE
O C10H25NO3Si 235.40 120° / 20 0.934 1.4245
COMMERCIAL
N Si Provides silica-supported catalyst for 1,4-addition reactions.1
O Used together w/ SIA0591.0 to anchor PdCl2 catalyst to silica for acceleration of the Tsuji-Trost reaction.2
O
1. Mutukura, K. et al. Chem.-Eur. J. 2009, 15, 10871.
2. Noda, H. et al. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl.2012, 51, 8017.
SID3546.92
3-(N,N-DIMETHYLAMINOPROPYL)AMINOPROPYLMETHYLDIMETHOXYSILANE
O C11H28N2O2Si 284.44 92-4° / 0.7 0.915 1.442
NEW
N N Si
H Combines secondary and tertiary amine functionality
O
Comonomer for silicone textile finishes
[224638-27-1] HMIS: 3-2-1-X 25g 100g
SID3546.94
O N,N-DIMETHYL-3-AMINOPROPYLMETHYLDIMETHOXYSILANE
C8H21NO2Si 191.36 92° / 25 0.894 1.4203
NEW
N Si
[67353-42-8] HMIS: 2-2-1-X 10g
O
SID3547.0
(N,N-DIMETHYL-3-AMINOPROPYL)TRIMETHOXYSILANE
O C8H21NO3Si 207.34 106° / 30 0.94825 1.4150
O Derivatized silica catalyzes Michael reactions.1
O 1. Mode, J. et al. Synlett 1998, 625.
SIM6572.0
N-METHYL-N-TRIMETHYLSILYL-3-AMINOPROPYLTRIMETHOXYSILANE, 95%
O
Si C10H27NO3Si2 265.50
NEW
N Si Contains N-methylaminopropyltrimethoxysilane
O HMIS: 3-2-1-X 10g
O
SIT8716.2
TRIS(TRIETHOXYSILYLMETHYL)AMINE, tech-90
O C21H51NO9Si3 545.90 156° / 0.7 0.99 1.426
O Contains ~5% bis(triethoxysilylmethyl)amine
Si N
NEW
Forms immobilized quaternary salts

[1250435-76-7] HMIS: 2-2-1-X 5g
O

SIT8716.3
TRIS(TRIETHOXYSILYLPROPYL)AMINE, tech-95
O C27H63NO9Si3 630.06 200-5° / 1 1.432225
O
NEW
Si N Coupling agent/primer for metal substrates
[18784-74-2] HMIS: 2-2-1-X 25g
O
3
Quaternary Amine Functional Silanes

SIB0957.0
H O
N N-(2-N-BENZYLAMINOETHYL)-3-AMINOPROPYLTRIMETHOXYSILANE hydrochloride, 50% in methanol
N Si C15H28N2O3Si∙HCl 348.95 0.942 1.4104
H O
O Amber liquid Flashpoint: 9°C (48°F)
HCl
[623938-90-9] TSCA HMIS: 3-3-1-X 25g 100g
SID3392.0
N,N-DIDECYL-N-METHYL-N-(3-TRIMETHOXYSILYLPROPYL)AMMONIUM CHLORIDE, 40-42% in methanol
O C27H60ClNO3Si
O 510.32 0.863 1.4085
N + Cl- Si
8 Contains 3-5% Cl(CH2)3Si(OMe)3 Flashpoint: 11°C (52°F)
O In combination with TEOS forms high pore volume xerogels with adsorptive capacity.1
8 1. Markovitz, M. et al. Langmuir 2001, 17, 7085.
[68959-20-6] TSCA EC 273-403-4 HMIS: 3-4-0-X 25g
SIO6620.0
OCTADECYLDIMETHYL(3-TRIMETHOXYSILYLPROPYL)AMMONIUM CHLORIDE, 60% in methanol
C26H58ClNO3Si 496.29 0.89
Contains 3-5% Cl(CH2)3Si(OMe)3 Flashpoint: 15°C (59°F)
COMMERCIAL
O
Employed as a glass lubricant
N+ Cl- Si Orients liquid crystals
O
16 O Provides an antistatic surface coating
Dispersion/coupling agent for high density magnetic recording media.1
Application as immobilizable antimicrobial reported.2
1. Vincent, H. In Chemically Modified Oxide Surfaces; D. Leyden, D., Ed.; Gordon & Breach: 1990; p.305.
2. White, W. et al. In Silanes, Surfaces & Interfaces; Leyden, D., Ed.; Gordon & Breach: 1986; p.107.
O
SIS6989.0
(STYRYLMETHYL)BIS(TRIETHOXYSILYLPROPYL)AMMONIUM CHLORIDE, 40% in ethanol
Si O
C27H52ClNO6Si2 578.34 0.909
O
NH+ Cl-
Inhibited with BHT, mixed m-, p-isomers Flashpoint: 15°C (59°F)
Dipodal quaternary coupling agent
O HMIS: 3-4-1-X store <5°C 25g 100g
Si O
SIS6994.0
H Cl- 3-(N-STYRYLMETHYL-2-AMINOETHYLAMINO)PROPYLTRIMETHOXYSILANE HYDROCHLORIDE, 40% in methanol
N
N C17H31ClN2O3Si 374.98 0.91 1.395
H2
O
Inhibited with BHT Flashpoint: 11°C (52°F)
Si
O
Viscosity: 2.3 cSt
O Specific wetting surface area: 208 m2/g
COMMERCIAL
Coupling agent for phenolic and epoxy fiberglass laminates (printed circuit boards)
[34937-00-3] TSCA EC 252-297-3 HMIS: 3-4-1-X store <5°C 25g 2kg 15kg
SIT7090.0
O TETRADECYLDIMETHYL(3-TRIMETHOXYSILYLPROPYL)AMMONIUM CHLORIDE, 50% in methanol
Cl- C22H50ClNO3Si 440.18 0.878 1.3971
N+ Si
Contains 3-5% Cl(CH2)3Si(OMe)3 Flashpoint: 11°C (52°F)
O
13 O [41591-87-1] TSCA EC 255-451-8 HMIS: 3-4-0-X 25g
SIT8395.0
N+ 4-(TRIMETHOXYSILYLETHYL)BENZYLTRIMETHYLAMMONIUM CHLORIDE, 60% in methanol
Cl-
O C15H28ClNO3Si 333.93 0.966
O
O Candidate for exchange resins and extraction phases
HMIS: 3-3-1-X 25g

SIT8405.0
NH S-(TRIMETHOXYSILYLPROPYL)ISOTHIOURONIUM CHLORIDE, 50% in water
O TRIHYDROXYPROPYLCARBAMIDOTHIOIC ACID HYDROCHLORIDE
C7H19ClN2O3SSi 274.84 1.190 1.441
H2N SH+ Si
Cl- O Essentially silanetriol
O pH: 6
Antimicrobial activity reported
[84682-36-0] TSCA EC 283-599-3 HMIS: 2-0-0-X 25g
SIT8415.0
N-TRIMETHOXYSILYLPROPYL-N,N,N-TRIMETHYLAMMONIUM CHLORIDE, 50% in methanol
N,N,N-TRIMETHYL-3-(TRIMETHOXYSILYL)-1-PROPANAMINIUM CHLORIDE
C9H24ClNO3Si 257.83 0.927 1.3966
O
COMMERCIAL
Cl-
N+ Si Employed for bonded chromatographic phases
O Anti-static agent
O
Used to treat glass substrates employed in electroblotting
Prevents contact electrification.1
1. Thomas, S. et al. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2009, 131, 8746.
Dipodal Amine Functional Silanes

SIA0587.6
O
O
1-[3-(2-AMINOETHYL)-3-AMINOISOBUTYL]-1,1,3,3,3-PENTAETHOXY-1,3-DISILAPROPANE, 95%
Si O C17H42N2O5Si2 410.70 130-140° / 0.5 0.990
NEW
Si O
H2N
Pendant dipodal silane
O HMIS: 3-1-1-X 10g
NH2
SIB1620.0
BIS(METHYLDIETHOXYSILYLPROPYL)AMINE, 95%
O C16H39NO4Si2 365.66 155° / 0.6 0.937 1.4385
O H
Si N Si
Dipodal coupling agent
O O
[31020-47-0] HMIS: 2-1-1-X 25g 100g
O
SIB1645.0
O BIS(METHYLDIMETHOXYSILYLPROPYL)-N-METHYLAMINE, 95%
Si Si C13H33NO4Si2
O
323.58 140° / 2 0.951 1.4368
O Viscosity: 6 - 7 cSt
N HMIS: 3-2-1-X 25g
SIB1824.5
BIS(3-TRIETHOXYSILYLPROPYL)AMINE, 95%
C18H43NO6Si2 425.71 160° / 0.6 0.97 1.4265
COMMERCIAL
O
O
H
O
O Viscosity: 5.5 cSt Flashpoint: 162°C (324°F)
Si N Si Coupling agent for polyamides with improved hydrolytic stability
O O
Adhesion promoter, crosslinking agent for hot melt adhesives
Adhesion promoter for aluminum-polyester multilayer laminates
Adhesion promoter, crosslinker for 2-part condensation cure silicones
SIB1828.0
N,N'-BIS[3-(TRIETHOXYSILYL)PROPYL]UREA, 60% in ethanol
O C19H44N2O7Si2 468.73 0.923
O H
Si N O Flashpoint: 17°C (63°F)
[69465-84-5] HMIS: 2-1-1-X 25g 100g
O
SIB1832.8
O
1,11-BIS(TRIMETHOXYSILYL)-4-OXA-8-AZAUNDECAN-6-OL, 50% in methanol
3,3,15,15-TETRAMETHOXY-2,7,16-TRIOXA-11-AZA-3,15-DISILAHEPTADECAN-9-OL
Si O C15H37NO8Si2 415.63 0.922 1.38425
O O
OH Flashpoint: 11°C (52°F)
NEW
Provides strong glass-to-glass bonds

O [126552-46-3] HMIS: 3-4-1-X 25g 100g
Si N
O H
O

SIB1833.0
BIS(3-TRIMETHOXYSILYLPROPYL)AMINE, 96%
C12H31NO6Si2 341.56 152° / 4 1.040 1.4320
COMMERCIAL
O
O O
O
H
Si N Si Dipodal coupling agent
O O
Secondary amine allows more control of reactivity with isocyanates
Low level incorporation with acryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane, SIA0200, increases strength and hydrolytic stability of dental composites.1
1. Matinlinna, J. et al. Acta Odontol. Scand. 2012, 70, 405.
SIB1834.0
NH HN N,N'-BIS[(3-TRIMETHOXYSILYL)PROPYL]ETHYLENEDIAMINE, 62% in methanol
COMMERCIAL
C14H36N2O6Si2 384.62 0.89
Contains N,N-isomer Flashpoint: 20°C (68°F)
O O Coupling agent for polyamides with enhanced hydrolytic stability
Si Si
O O Provides improved solder resistance for printed circuit boards
O O
SIB1834.1
N,N'-BIS[(3-TRIMETHOXYSILYL)PROPYL]ETHYLENEDIAMINE, 95%
O
C14H36N2O6Si2 384.62 1.050 1.4428
O
Si
H
N
O
Contains N,N-isomer Flashpoint: >110°C (>230°F)
N Si
O H
O
O Coupling agent for polyamides with enhanced hydrolytic stability
Forms thin film environments for metal ions.1
1. He, J. et al. RIKEN Review 2002, 45, 27.
[68845-16-9] TSCA EC 272-453-4 HMIS: 3-1-1-X 10g 50g
SIB1835.0
N BIS(3-TRIMETHOXYSILYLPROPYL)-N-METHYLAMINE
C13H33NO6Si2 355.58 175° / 10 1.023 1.430
NEW
O Si O O Si O
[31024-70-1] HMIS: 2-1-0-X 25g 100g
O O
SIB1835.2
O N,N'-BIS(3-TRIMETHOXYSILYLPROPYL)THIOUREA, tech-90
O H C14H36N2O6Si3 400.66 1.13 1.485
Si N S
NEW
Viscosity: 160-200 cSt
O
Forms mesoporous silicas that chelate metals
2 HMIS: 3-2-1-X 10g
SIB1835.5
N,N'-BIS(3-TRIMETHOXYSILYLPROPYL)UREA, 95%
COMMERCIAL
O C13H32N2O7Si2 384.58 1.10 1.4488
O H Amber liquid Flashpoint: >110°C (>230°F)
Si N O
Viscosity: 100 - 250 cSt
O Adhesion promoter for 2-part condensation cure silicone RTVs
2 [18418-53-6] TSCA HMIS: 3-2-1-X 25g 100g 2kg
O
SIS6989.0
(STYRYLMETHYL)BIS(TRIETHOXYSILYLPROPYL)AMMONIUM CHLORIDE, 40% in ethanol
Si O
C27H52ClNO6Si2 578.34 0.909
O
NH+ Cl-
Inhibited with BHT, mixed m-, p-isomers Flashpoint: 15°C (59°F)
Dipodal quaternary coupling agent
O HMIS: 3-4-1-X store <5°C 25g 100g
Si O
Specialty Amine Functional Silanes

SIB1835.2
O N,N'-BIS(3-TRIMETHOXYSILYLPROPYL)THIOUREA, tech-90
O H C13H32N2O6SSi2 400.66 1.13 1.485
Si N S
NEW

O
Forms mesoporous silicas that chelate metals
2 HMIS: 3-2-1-X 10g
SID4068.0
N 3-(1,3-DIMETHYLBUTYLIDENE)AMINOPROPYLTRIETHOXYSILANE, tech-95
COMMERCIAL
O C15H33NO3Si 303.52 134° / 5 0.93 1.43725

O
Si Contains oligomers Flashpoint: 131°C (268°F)
O Coupling agent for epoxy coatings; blocked amine - moisture deblocked
Preferred adhesion promoter for low viscosity epoxy systems
[116229-43-7] TSCA HMIS: 2-1-1-X 25g 100g 2kg

SID4068.1
N 3-(1,3-DIMETHYLBUTYLIDENE)AMINOPROPYLTRIETHOXYSILANE, 98%
O C15H33NO3Si 303.52 134° / 5 0.93 1.43725
O
NEW
O Coupling agent for epoxy coatings; blocked amine - moisture deblocked
Preferred adhesion promoter for low viscosity epoxy systems
[116229-43-7] TSCA HMIS: 2-1-1-X 25g
SID4465.0
O N,N-DIOCTYL-N'-TRIETHOXYSILYLPROPYLUREA
N N
C26H56N2O4Si 488.83 0.92425 1.452125
H
O
Si Forms hydrophobic phases with embedded hydrophilicity
O
O Forms organic-inorganic vesicles (cerasomers).1
1. Hashizume, M. et al. J. Thin Solid Films 2003, 438, 20.
[259727-10-1] HMIS: 2-2-1-X 25g
SIG5840.12
NH
3-(GUANIDINYL)PROPYLTRIMETHOXYSILANE
O
C7H19N3O3Si 221.35 (>200°)
NEW
H2N N Si White powder
H O
O Water-soluble coupling agent
[128310-21-4] HMIS: 3-1-1-X 5g
SIP6828.4
O
[3-(1-PIPERAZINYL)PROPYL]METHYLDIMETHOXYSILANE, 95%
C10H24N2O2Si 232.40 110-2° / 1 0.986 1.462825
NEW
O Adhesion promoter for metal substrates
HN
Comonomer for silicones
[128996-12-3] HMIS: 3-2-1-X 25g
SIP6926.2
O 3-(2-PYRIDYLETHYL)THIOPROPYLTRIMETHOXYSILANE
S Si C13H23NO3SSi 301.48 156-7° / 0.25 1.089 1.498
O
O [29098-72-4] HMIS: 3-2-1-X 10g
N
SIP6926.4
O 3-(4-PYRIDYLETHYL)THIOPROPYLTRIMETHOXYSILANE, 95%
S Si C13H23NO3SSi 301.48 160-2° / 0.2 1.09 1.5037
O
O Immobilizable ligand for immunoglobulin lgG separation using hydrophobic charge induction chromatography (HCIC)
[198567-47-4] HMIS: 3-2-1-X 10g
SIS6944.0
O 3-(4-SEMICARBAZIDYL)PROPYLTRIETHOXYSILANE, tech-95
O C10H25N3O4Si 279.41 1.08 1.4593
H2N
NEW
N N Si Flashpoint: >110°C (>230°F)
H H O
O Employed in immobilization of oligonucleotides. 1
1. Podyminogin, M. et al. Nucleic Acids Res. 2001, 29, 5090.

[106868-88-6] HMIS: 3-1-1-X 5g
O SIS6995.0
11-(SUCCINIMIDYLOXY)UNDECYLDIMETHYLETHOXYSILANE, 95%
O C19H37NO4Si 371.59 195-200° / 0.6 (28°)
N O Si
Reagent for immobilization of proteins via primary amines
11
HMIS: 3-2-1-X 1.0g
O
SIT8186.45
O 4-(TRIETHOXYSILYLPROPOXY)-2,2,6,6-TETRAMETHYLPIPERIDINE N-OXIDE, tech-85
N TEMPO-SILANE
O C18H38NO5Si
NEW
376.58
O Si
O Employed in nitroxyl mediated grafting of vinylsilanes to polyolefins.1
O
1. Weaver, J. et al. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2008, 46, 4542.
[913375-27-6] HMIS: 2-2-1-X 10g
SIT8186.7
N-[3-(TRIETHOXYSILYL)PROPYL]-2-CARBOMETHOXYAZIRIDINE, 95%
O C13H27NO5Si 305.44 1.05225 1.419725
O
NEW
Reacts with fullerenes by 1,3-dipolar addition of azomethine ylide to yield pyrollidine adduct. 1
N Si O
O 1. Bianco, A. et al. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1997, 119, 7550.
O [193417-26-4] HMIS: 3-2-1-X 2.5g

SIT8187.5
N-(3-TRIETHOXYSILYLPROPYL)-4,5-DIHYDROIMIDAZOLE
3-(2-IMIDAZOLIN-1-YL)PROPYLTRIETHOXYSILANE, IMEO
C12H26N2O3Si 274.43 134° / 2 1.005 1.452
Viscosity: 5 cSt. Flashpoint: >110°C (>230°F)
COMMERCIAL
O
Coupling agent for elevated temperature-cure epoxies
N Si Utilized in HPLC of metal chelates.1
N O Forms proton vacancy conducting polymers with sulfonamides by sol-gel.2
O
Ligand for molecular imprinting of silica with chymotrypsin transition state analog.3
1. Suzuki, T. et al. Chem. Lett. 1994, 881.
2. De Zea Bermudez, V. et al. Sol-Gel Optics II, SPIE Proc. 1992, 1728, 180.
3. Markowitz, M. et al. Langmuir 2000, 16, 1759.
O
SIT8394.0
O
O N-[5-(TRIMETHOXYSILYL)-2-AZA-1-OXOPENTYL]CAPROLACTAM, 95%
N N Si
N-TRIMETHOXYSILYLPROPYLCARBAMOYLCAPROLACTAM
H O C13H26N2O5Si 318.45 (-39°) 1.14 1.4739
O
[106996-32-1] HMIS: 3-1-1-X 25g
SIT8409.0
F F F F O N-(3-TRIMETHOXYSILYLPROPYL)PERFLUOROHEXANAMIDE
O C12H16F11NO4Si 475.33 1.367 1.360
NEW
F N Si
F H O Surface tension: 20.6 mN/m
F F F F F O
Contact angle, water on treated silica surface: 105-110˚
[154380-34-4] HMIS: 3-1-1-X 10g
SIU9055.0
UREIDOPROPYLTRIETHOXYSILANE, 50% in methanol
COMMERCIAL
O C10H24N2O4Si 264.40 (-97°) 0.92 1.386
H O
O N Si Contains ureidopropyltrimethoxysilane and related transesterification Flashpoint: 11°C (52°F)
O
products
NH2 Coupling agent for polyamides and urea-formaldehyde resins
SIU9058.0
UREIDOPROPYLTRIMETHOXYSILANE
C7H18N2O4Si 222.32 217-225° (-5°) 1.150 1.38625
COMMERCIAL
O
O N Si TOXICITY: oral rat, LD50: >5,000 mg/kg
O Autoignition temperature: 300˚C
NH2 Component in primers for tin alloys
Adhesion promoter for foundry resins
Cyclic Azasilanes
SIA0415.0
N-ALLYL-AZA-2,2-DIMETHOXYSILACYCLOPENTANE
N C8H17NO2Si 187.31 52-4° / 3
Si
Coupling agent for nanoparticles
O O [618914-49-1] HMIS: 3-3-1-X 10g
SIA0592.0
N-(2-AMINOETHYL)-2,2,4-TRIMETHYL-1-AZA-2-SILACYCLOPENTANE
C8H20N2Si 172.35 54-6° / 2 0.905 1.4769
N NH2 Coupling agent for vapor phase modification of nanoparticles
Si [18246-33-8] HMIS: 3-2-1-X 10g
SIA0604.0
N-(3-AMINOPROPYLDIMETHYLSILYL)AZA-2,2-DIMETHYL-2-SILACYCLOPENTANE, 95%
3-[(2,2-DIMETHYL-1-AZA-2-SILACYCLOPENT-1-YL)DIMETHYLSILYL]-1-PROPANAMINE, 3-[(2,2-DIMETHYL-1,2-AZASILOLIDIN-1-YL)DIMETH-
NH2 YLSILYL]-1-PROPANAMINE
N C10H26N2Si2 230.50 158° 1.4705
Si
Employed in vapor phase derivatization of porous silica.1
1. Brandhuber, D. et al. J. Mater. Chem. 2005, 15, 3896.
[388606-32-4] HMIS: 3-2-1-X 10g
SIB1932.4
N-n-BUTYL-AZA-2,2-DIMETHOXYSILACYCLOPENTANE
C9H21NO2Si 203.36 63-71° / 3 0.941 1.438
O O Flashpoint: 85°C (185°F)
Si Coupling agent for nanoparticles. 1
N Interlayer bonding agent for anti-reflective lenses.2

1. Arkles, B. et al. In Silanes and Other Coupling Agents; Mittal, K., Ed.; 2004; Vol. 3, p.179.
2. Su, K. et al. U.S. Patent Appl. 2012 2672,790, 2012.
[618914-44-6] TSCA HMIS: 3-2-1-X 25g

H
SID3543.0
N
2,2-DIMETHOXY-1,6-DIAZA-2-SILACYCLOOCTANE
Si C7H18N2O2Si 190.32 71-3° / 2.5 (61-2°)
HN
O O Volatile coupling agent
[182008-07-7] HMIS: 3-2-1-X 25g
H SID3543.1
N 2,2-DIMETHOXY-1,6-DIAZA-2-SILACYCLOOCTANE, 10% in cyclohexane
C7H18N2O2Si 190.32 0.79
NEW
Si
HN [182008-07-7] 25g
O O
SID3546.93
(N,N-DIMETHYLAMINOPROPYL)-AZA-2-METHYL-2-METHOXYSILACYCLOPENTANE, 95%
N N
NEW
C10H24N2OSi 216.39 65-7° / 0.5 0.91925
Si
Cyclic azasilane - acts as coupling agent for metals
O
HMIS: 3-3-1-X 10g
SIE4891.0
O O 1-ETHYL-2,2-DIMETHOXY-4-METHYL-1-AZA-2-SILACYCLOPENTANE
Si
C8H19NO2Si 189.33
NEW
N Cyclic azasilane utilized for vapor-phase surface treatment of nano-featured substrates
HMIS: 3-3-1-X 25g
SIT8187.2
O O (1-(3-TRIETHOXYSILYL)PROPYL)-2,2-DIETHOXY-1-AZA-2-SILACYCLOPENTANE, tech-90
O C16H37NO5Si2 379.64 136-8° / 1 0.974 1.432225
Si
NEW
N Si Contains bis(triethoxysilylpropyl)amine
O
O Cyclic azasilane that acts as coupling agent for metal-oxide films
[1184179-50-7] HMIS: 3-2-1-X 25g
Water-borne Aminoalkyl Silsesquioxane Oligomers

H2N WSA-7011
AMINOPROPYLSILSESQUIOXANE IN AQUEOUS SOLUTION
COMMERCIAL
250-500 1.10
OH OH
O O O Viscosity: 5-15 cSt
Si Si Si Si
Mole % functional group: 65-75
OH OH OH HO
N
m
n N pH: 10-10.5
H2 H2
[1411854-75-5] TSCA 100g 3kg 18kg
WSA-9911
AMINOPROPYLSILSESQUIOXANE IN AQUEOUS SOLUTION
COMMERCIAL
270-550 1.06
Viscosity: 5-15 cSt
Mole % functional group: 100
pH: 10-10.5
[29159-37-3] TSCA 100g 3kg 18kg
WSA-7021
AMINOETHYLAMINOPROPYLSILSESQUIOXANE IN AQUEOUS SOLUTION
COMMERCIAL
370-650 1.10
Viscosity: 5-10 cSt
pH: 10-11
TSCA 100g 3kg 18kg
WSAV-6511
AMINOETHYLAMINOPROPYL/VINYL/SILSESQUIOXANE IN AQUEOUS SOLUTION
COMMERCIAL
250-500 1.11
Viscosity: 3-10 cSt
pH: 10-11
[207308-27-8] TSCA 100g 3kg
Polyamine
SSP-060
TRIMETHOXYSILYLPROPYL MODIFIED (POLYETHYLENIMINE), 50% in isopropanol
1,500-1,800 0.92
[136856-91-2] / [37251-86-8] TSCA HMIS: 2-4-1-X 100g 2kg 16kg
SSP-065
DIMETHOXYSILYLMETHYLPROPYL MODIFIED (POLYETHYLENIMINE), 50% in isopropanol
1,500-1,800 0.92
[125441-88-5] TSCA HMIS: 2-4-1-X 100g 3kg 16kg

Anhydride Functional Silanes

SIT8192.6
O (3-TRIETHOXYSILYL)PROPYLSUCCINIC ANHYDRIDE, 95%
O C13H24O6Si 304.41 135° / 0.2 1.070 1.4405
COMMERCIAL
Si Viscosity: 20 cSt Flashpoint: >100°C (>212°F)
O O TOXICITY: oral rat, LD50: >2,000 mg/kg
O Autoignition temperature: 250˚C
Coupling agent for dibasic surfaces
O Acetic acid-catalyzed hydrolysis yields succinic acid derivatives
Azide Functional Silanes

SIA0770.0
(AZIDOMETHYL)PHENETHYLTRIMETHOXYSILANE, tech-90
O
C12H19N3O3Si 281.39 1.11 1.49725
Si O
NEW
CAUTION: CAN FORM EXPLOSIVE COMPOUNDS IN CONTACT WITH COPPER AND SILVER COMPOUNDS
O
-N
Mixed isomers
N N
+ Reagent for "click" chemistry
[1245946-78-4] HMIS: 4-2-1-X 5g
SIA0774.0
O
p-AZIDOMETHYLPHENYLTRIMETHOXYSILANE, 90%
C10H15N3O3Si 253.33 1.14 1.49725
NEW
Si O
AVOID CONTACT WITH METALS
-
N N N O
+ [83315-74-6] HMIS: 4-2-1-X 2.5g
SIA0777.0
3-AZIDOPROPYLTRIETHOXYSILANE
C9H21N3O3Si 247.37 72-5° / 0.5 0.981 1.4257
N O
N AVOID CONTACT WITH METALS
NEW
N Si Used with click chemistry to introduce and immobilize discrete complexes onto the SBA-15 surface.1
O
O Used in the preparation of poly-L-lysine to silica nanoparticles.2
1. Nakazawa, J. et al. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2012, 134, 2750.
2. Kar, M. et al. Langmuir, 2010, 26, 5772.
[83315-69-9] HMIS: 4-1-1-X 1.0g
SIA0780.0
6-AZIDOSULFONYLHEXYLTRIETHOXYSILANE, tech-95
1-TRIETHOXYSILYL-6-SULFONAZIDE-n-HEXANE
O O
N O C12H27N3O5SSi 353.51 1.147 1.4634
+
N S Si AVOID CONTACT WITH METALS
-N
O 6 O Amber-brown liquid Flashpoint: 114°C (237°F)
Inserts nitrenes into aliphatics and aromatics at temperatures >110°C
[96550-26-4] HMIS: 3-1-1-X 25g
-
N SIA0790.0
N+ 4-(AZIDOSULFONYL)PHENETHYLTRIMETHOXYSILANE, 22-25% in methanol/toluene
N
4-[2-(TRIMETHOXYSILYL)ETHYL]-1-BENZENESULFONYL AZIDE
O S O C11H17N3O5SSi 331.42 0.90 1.550
AVOID CONTACT WITH METALS
Contains hydrolysis oligomers Flashpoint: 29°C (4°F)
NEW
Extremely reactive coupling agent
Inserts nitrenes into aliphatics and aromatics at temperatures >110°C
[68479-60-7] TSCA EC 270-862-2 HMIS: 3-4-1-X 25g
O Si O
SIA0795.0
O 11-AZIDOUNDECYLTRIMETHOXYSILANE, 95%
O C14H31N3O3Si 317.50 111° / 0.05
NEW
N Si AVOID CONTACT WITH METALS

N+
–N 11 O Forms "click" functionalized surfaces
[334521-23-2] HMIS: 3-1-1-X 2.5g

Carboxylate, Phosphonate and Sulfonate Functional Silanes

SIB1824.56
BIS(3-TRIETHOXYSILYLPROPYL)CARBONATE
O C19H42O9Si2 470.71 1.020
O
Forms thermally labile bridged silsesquioxanes.1
NEW
Si O
O 1. Loy, D.A. et al. Chem. Mater. 1999, 11, 3333.
O
[88321-11-3] HMIS: 2-2-1-X 10g
2
O SIB1834.5
O
O
BIS(3-TRIMETHOXYSILYLPROPYL) FUMARATE, 96%
C16H32O10Si2 440.59 1.118 1.443
O
NEW
O O
Si Dipodal silane
Si
O
O
O Adhesion promoter for Pt-cure silicone RTVs
[3371-62-8] TSCA HMIS: 3-1-1-X 25g
SIC2263.0
O CARBOXYETHYLSILANETRIOL, DISODIUM SALT, 25% in water
HO C3H6Na2O5Si 196.14 1.17025
Na+
Si O- pH: 12 - 12.5
HO In combination with aminofunctional silanes forms amphoteric silicas.1
O- 1. Han, L. et al. Chem. Mater. 2007, 19, 2860.
Na+ [18191-40-7] HMIS: 2-0-0-X 25g 100g
SIC2417.0
2-(4-CHLOROSULFONYLPHENYL)ETHYLTRIMETHOXYSILANE, 50% in methylene chloride
C11H17ClO5SSi 324.85 1.3025
Amber color
O
Contains free sulfonic acid
O Si O Treated silica acts as etherification catalyst.1
Cl S O
Reagent for surface initiated ATRP.2
Employed in mesostructured fuel-cell membranes.3
O
1. Sow, B. et al. Microporous and Mesoporous Mat'ls. 2005, 79, 129.
2. Fukuda, J. et al. Macromolecules 2000, 33, 2870.
3. Pereira, F. et al. Chem. Mater. 2008, 20, 1710.
[126519-89-9] HMIS: 3-2-1-X 25g 100g
O
SIC2417.4
2-(4-CHLOROSULFONYLPHENYL)ETHYLTRIMETHOXYSILANE, 50% in toluene
O Si O C11H17ClO5SSi 324.85
NEW
Cl S O Flashpoint: 4°C (39°F)
O [126519-89-9] 25g
SIT8189.8
TRIETHOXYSILYLPROPYLMALEAMIC ACID, tech-90
O C13H25NO6Si 319.43 1.11 1.472
H O
N Si Contains condensation products and 10% ethanol
O Viscosity: 600-900 cSt
O Reagent for immobilization of anti-bodies on silicon nitride sensor chips.1
O OH
1. Kurihara, Y, et al. Langmuir 2012, 28, 13609.
[33525-68-7] TSCA EC 251-564-1 HMIS: 3-2-1-X 25g
SIT8192.2
O
O TRIETHOXYSILYLPROPYL(POLYETHYLENEOXY)PROPYLPOTASSIUM SULFATE, 45-50% in ethanol
O Si C25H53KO13SSi - C31H65KO16SSi 661 - 793 0.95
NEW
6-9
O O
S
O- K+ HMIS: 2-3-0-X 2.5g
O
SIT8378.1
TRIHYDROXYSILYLETHYL PHENYLSULPHONIC ACID, 25% in water
O HO C8H12O6SSi 264.33
NEW
OH
S Si
Mixed isomers
O Forms hybrid organic-inorganic ionic membranes
O OH [143282-00-2]/[876338-08-8] HMIS: 3-0-0-X 25g
SIT8378.3
3-(TRIHYDROXYSILYL)-1-PROPANESULFONIC ACID, 30-35% in water
C3H10O6SSi 202.26 1.12
O OH
pH: <1
S Si Employed in preparation of nanoscale ionic silicas.1
HO OH Forms sulfonated fuel cell electrodes.2
O HO
1. Giannelis, E. et al. Appl. Organomet. Chem. 2010, 24, 581.
2. Eastcott, J. et al. J. Power Sources 2012,197,102.
[70942-24-4] TSCA HMIS: 3-0-0-X 25g 100g

O
SIT8401.0
K+ -O N-(TRIMETHOXYSILYLPROPYL)ETHYLENEDIAMINETRIACETATE, TRIPOTASSIUM SALT, 30% in water
O
N C14H25K3N2O9Si 510.75 1.22
NEW
N Si
O
O Essentially silanetriol, contains KCl
O
K+ -O O Chelates metal ions
O- K+ [1309595-29-6] HMIS: 2-0-0-X 25g
O SIT8402.0
N-(TRIMETHOXYSILYLPROPYL)ETHYLENEDIAMINETRIACETATE, TRISODIUM SALT, 35% in water
+ -O
Na
O
C14H25N2Na3O9Si 462.42 1.26
N
N Si Essentially silanetriol, contains NaCl
O
O O Chelates metal ions
Na+ -O O
[128850-89-5]/[1138444-28-6] TSCA-L HMIS: 2-0-0-X 25g 100g
O- Na+
Epoxy Functional Silanes

Epoxy Functional Silanes - Trialkoxy
SIE4668.0
COMMERCIAL
O 2-(3,4-EPOXYCYCLOHEXYL)ETHYLTRIETHOXYSILANE
O C14H28O4Si 288.46 114-7° / 0.4 1.015 1.4455
Si
O Adhesion promoter for water-borne coatings on alkaline substrates
[10217-34-2] TSCA HMIS: 2-1-1-X 25g 100g 2kg
SIE4670.0
O 2-(3,4-EPOXYCYCLOHEXYL)ETHYLTRIMETHOXYSILANE
O C11H22O4Si 246.38 95-7° / 0.25 1.065 1.4490
Si
O
Viscosity: 5.2 cSt Flashpoint: 146°C (295°F)
O γc of treated surfaces: 39.5 mN/m TOXICITY: oral rat, LD50: 12,300 mg/kg
Coefficient of thermal expansion: 0.8 x 10-3 Vapor pressure, 152˚: 10 mm
Specific wetting surface: 317 m2/g
COMMERCIAL
Ring epoxide more reactive than glycidoxypropyl systems
UV initiated polymerization of epoxy group with weak acid donors
Forms UV-curable coating resins by controlled hydrolysis.1
Used to make epoxy-organosilica particles w/ high positive Zeta potential.2
1. Crivello, J.; Mao. Z. Chem. Mater. 1997, 9, 1554.
2. Nakamura, M.; Ishimura, K. Langmuir 2008, 24, 12228.
Epoxy-silanes are essential for
performance of epoxy resin
encapsulants for microchips
SIE4675.0
O 5,6-EPOXYHEXYLTRIETHOXYSILANE
O C12H26O4Si 262.42 115-9° / 1.5 0.96025 1.425425
Si
O
O [86138-01-4] HMIS: 3-2-1-X 10g
SIG5839.0
(3-GLYCIDOXYPROPYL)TRIETHOXYSILANE
COMMERCIAL
O C12H26O5Si 278.42 124° / 3 1.00 1.425
O
O O Si
Viscosity: 3 cSt Flashpoint: 144°C (291°F)
O
Coupling agent for latex polymers
Primer for aluminum and glass to epoxy coatings and adhesives when applied as a 1-2% solution in solvent
SIG5840.0
O (3- GLYCIDOXYPROPYL)TRIMETHOXYSILANE
O 3-(2,3-EPOXYPROPOXY)PROPYLTRIMETHOXYSILANE
O O Si
C9H20O5Si 236.34 120° / 2 (<-70°) 1.070 1.4290
O
Surface tension: 38.5 mN/m TOXICITY: oral rat, LD50: 8,400 mg/kg
COMMERCIAL
Specific wetting surface area: 331 m2/g Autoignition temperature: 231°C

Component in aluminum metal bonding adhesives
Coupling agent for epoxy composites employed in electronic "chip" encapsulation
Component in abrasion resistant coatings for plastic optics
Used to prepare epoxy-containing hybrid organic-inorganic materials.1
1. Innocenzi, P. et al. Chem. Mater. 1999, 11, 1672.
SIG5840.1
(3- GLYCIDOXYPROPYL)TRIMETHOXYSILANE, 99+%
O C9H20O5Si 236.34 120° / 2 (<-70°) 1.070 1.4290
O
O O Si Flashpoint: 135°C (276°F)
O Low fluorescence grade for high-throughput screening
[2530-83-8] TSCA EC 219-784-2 HMIS: 3-1-1-X 25g

Epoxy Functional Silanes - Dialkoxy

SIE4666.0
O 2-(3,4-EPOXYCYCLOHEXYL)ETHYLMETHYLDIETHOXYSILANE
O C13H26O3Si 258.43 114-7° / 1 0.97625 1.424825
Si
NEW
UV polymerizeable monomer
O [14857-35-3] HMIS: 2-2-1-X 25g
SIG5832.0
(3-GLYCIDOXYPROPYL)METHYLDIETHOXYSILANE
COMMERCIAL
O C11H24O4Si 248.39 122-6° / 5 0.97825 1.431
O O Si
O Employed in scratch resistant coatings for eye glasses
Coupling agent for latex systems with reduced tendancy to gel compared to SIG5840.0
SIG5836.0
(3-GLYCIDOXYPROPYL)METHYLDIMETHOXYSILANE
O C9H20O4Si 220.34 100° / 4 1.02 1.43125
O Relative hydrolysis rate vs. SIG5840.0: 7.5:1
[65799-47-5] TSCA EC 265-929-8 HMIS: 3-1-1-X 25g 100g
Epoxy Functional Silanes - Monoalkoxy

SIG5825.0
(3-GLYCIDOXYPROPYL)DIMETHYLETHOXYSILANE
C10H22O3Si 218.37 100° / 3 0.950 1.433725
O
[17963-04-1] TSCA EC 241-889-7 HMIS: 3-2-1-X 10g 50g
Ester Functional Silanes

O SIA0050.0
O ACETOXYMETHYLTRIETHOXYSILANE
C9H20O5Si 236.34 106° / 15 1.04225 1.4092
O Si
O Hydrolyzes to form stable silanol solutions in neutral water
O
[5630-83-1] TSCA-L HMIS: 2-2-1-X 25g 100g
O SIA0055.0
O ACETOXYMETHYLTRIMETHOXYSILANE, 95%
C6H14O5Si 194.26 190-1° 1.085 1.4031
O Si
O [65625-39-0] TSCA-L HMIS: 3-2-1-X 10g 50g
SIA0078.0
O O
2-[(ACETOXY(POLYETHYLENEOXY)PROPYL]TRIETHOXYSILANE, 95%
O
500 - 700 1.071 1.4527
O Si
O n O
Viscosity: 30 cSt
HMIS: 2-1-1-X 25g
SIA0100.0
O
3-ACETOXYPROPYLTRIMETHOXYSILANE
COMMERCIAL
O
C8H18O5Si 222.31 92° / 2 1.062 1.4146
O Si γc of treated surfaces: 37.5 mN/m Flashpoint: 93°C (199°F)
O Forms sol-gel derived epoxidation catalyst in combination with titanium diisopropoxide bispentanedionate.1
O
1. Müller, C. et al. Catal. Lett. 2000, 64(1), 9-14, DOI 10.1023/A:109074617565
[59004-18-1] EC 261-552-8 HMIS: 3-1-1-X 25g 100g 2kg
O SIB0959.0
O BENZOYLOXYPROPYLTRIMETHOXYSILANE
O Si C13H20O5Si 284.38 145° / 0.2 1.104 1.4806
O
O [76241-02-6] TSCA HMIS: 3-2-1-X 25g
SIC2067.0
O 10-(CARBOMETHOXY)DECYLDIMETHYLMETHOXYSILANE
O
C15H32O3Si 288.50 130° / 0.3 0.903 1.4399
O Si
Long chain organofunctional silane
[1211488-83-3] HMIS: 2-1-1-X 10g 50g

O SIC2072.0
2-(CARBOMETHOXY)ETHYLTRIMETHOXYSILANE
O
METHYL (3-TRIMETHOXYSILYLPROPIONATE)
O Si C7H16O5Si 208.29 75° / 1.5 1.069 1.410
O Contains ~ 20% 1-(carbomethoxy)ethyltrimethoxysilane isomer
[76301-00-3] HMIS: 3-3-1-X 10g
SIT8186.3
TRIETHOXYSILYLPROPOXY(POLYETHYLENEOXY)DODECANOATE, tech-95
O O
O C27H56O8Si 536.82 0.977 1.447925
O Si
O 2-4 EO Units
10 3 O
Contact angle (treated surface), water: 61-2°
Contact angle (treated surface), 2-ethylhexyl palmitate: <15°
Provides embedded hydrophilicity with oleophilic compatibility
NEW
Surface treatments stabilize particle dispersions.1
1. Arkles, B. et al. in Silanes and Other Coupling Agents; Mittal, K., Ed.; VSP (Brill), 2009, Vol. 5, p. 51.
[1041420-54-5] TSCA-L HMIS: 2-1-1-X 25g 100g
Halogen Functional Silanes

Halogen Functional Silanes - Trialkoxy
O SIB1879.7
Br 4-BROMOBUTYLTRIMETHOXYSILANE
Si C7H17BrO3Si 257.20 68-9° / 1 1.259 1.4437
NEW
O
O [226558-82-3] HMIS: 3-2-1-X 10g
SIB1886.0
O 7-BROMOHEPTYLTRIMETHOXYSILANE
Br Si C10H23BrO3Si 299.28 83-5° / 1 1.169525 1.449325
O
O HMIS: 3-2-1-X 10g
SIB1894.2
O 5-BROMOPENTYLTRIMETHOXYSILANE
C8H19BrO3Si 271.22 110° / 1 1.22225 1.446
NEW
Br Si
O [773893-02-0] HMIS: 3-2-1-X 10g
O
SIB1906.0
3-BROMOPROPYLTRIMETHOXYSILANE
O C6H15BrO3Si 243.17 130° / 45 1.293 1.4400
Br Si
Forms self-assembled monolayers which can be modified with pyridine ligands.1
O 1. Paulson, S. et al. J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1992, 21, 1615.
[51826-90-5] EC 257-453-4 HMIS: 2-2-1-X 10g 2.5kg
SIB1909.0
11-BROMOUNDECYLTRIMETHOXYSILANE, 95%
O C14H31BrO3Si 355.39 158° / 0.8 1.119 1.4559
O
Contains undecyltrimethoxysilane
Br Si
[17947-99-8] TSCA-L HMIS: 2-1-0-X 10g
11
O
SIC2280.4
O 3-CHLOROISOBUTYLTRIMETHOXYSILANE
O C7H17ClO3Si 212.75 59-60° / 2 1.05425 1.427725
NEW
Cl Si
[17256-27-8] HMIS: 3-2-1-X 25g
O
SIC2282.0
2-(CHLOROMETHYL)ALLYLTRIMETHOXYSILANE
O C7H15ClO3Si
O 210.73 128° / 70 1.09
Cl Si
NEW

Versatile coupling agent
O [39197-94-9] HMIS: 3-2-1-X 2.5g

SIC2295.5
((CHLOROMETHYL)PHENYLETHYL)TRIMETHOXYSILANE
COMMERCIAL
O C12H19ClO3Si 274.82 115° / 1.5 1.0925 1.493025
O
Si Mixed m-, p-isomers Flashpoint: 130°C (266°F)
Cl Adhesion promoter for polyphenylenesulfide and polyimide coatings
O
Employed as a high temperature coupling agent.1
SIC2295.7
Si CHLOROMETHYLPHENETHYLTRIS(TRIMETHYLSILOXY)SILANE, mixed m,p; α,β isomers
O
O
C18H37ClO3Si4 449.28 1.007 1.469
NEW
Si Si Mixed m-, p-isomers
Cl
O [167426-89-3] HMIS: 3-2-0-X 25g
Si
SIC2296.2
O (p-CHLOROMETHYL)PHENYLTRIMETHOXYSILANE, 95%
O C10H15ClO3Si 246.77 134-43° / 10 1.14 1.4965
O Coupling agent for polyimides, e.g in printed circuit boards
Modifies silica for high-throughput peptide synthesis.1
Cl
COMMERCIAL
1. Houghten, R. et al. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2005, 127, 8582.
SIC2298.4
CHLOROMETHYLTRIETHOXYSILANE
O
COMMERCIAL
C7H17ClO3Si 212.75 90-1° / 25 1.048 1.406925
Cl Si TOXICITY: oral rat, LD50: 2,400 mg/kg
O
O Grignard reacts with chlorosilanes or intermolecularly to form carbosilanes.1
1. Brondani, D. et al. Tetrahedron Lett. 1993, 34, 2111.
SIC2298.5
CHLOROMETHYLTRIISOPROPOXYSILANE
O C10H23ClO3Si 254.82 195-8° 0.9836 1.4145
NEW
Cl Si Forms Grignard reagents
O
O [18162-82-8] TSCA-L HMIS: 2-2-1-X 25g
SIC2298.6
O CHLOROMETHYLTRIMETHOXYSILANE
C4H11ClO3Si 170.67 156° 1.125 1.4070
Cl Si
O
O [5926-26-1] TSCA-L HMIS: 3-4-1-X 10g 50g
SIC2407.0
3-CHLOROPROPYLTRIETHOXYSILANE
COMMERCIAL
O C9H21ClO3Si 240.80 100-2° / 10 1.009 1.420
O
Cl Si Flashpoint: 78°C (172°F)
O Adhesion promoter for polyamine and epoxy resins
SIC2410.0
3-CHLOROPROPYLTRIMETHOXYSILANE
C6H15ClO3Si 198.72 100° / 40 1.07725 1.418325
O
COMMERCIAL
O Viscosity, 20°: 0.56 cSt Flashpoint: 78°C (172°F)

Cl Si γc of treated surface: 40.5 mN/m TOXICITY: oral rat, LD50: 5,628 mg/kg
Specific wetting surface: 394 m2/g Vapor pressure, 100°: 40 mm
O
Adhesion promoter for SBR hot-melt adhesives
Powder flow control additive for dry powder fire extinguishing media
SIC2428.0
11-CHLOROUNDECYLTRIETHOXYSILANE
O C17H37ClO3Si 353.01 112° / 0.01 0.944 1.4390
NEW
Cl Si
9
O [120876-31-5] HMIS: 2-1-1-X 10g
O

SIC2429.0
O 11-CHLOROUNDECYLTRIMETHOXYSILANE
C14H31ClO3Si 310.93 156-8° / 2 0.9855 1.4226
Cl Si
NEW
9
O [17948-05-9] HMIS: 2-1-1-X 10g
O
SII6452.0
3-IODOPROPYLTRIMETHOXYSILANE
O C6H15IO3Si 290.17 79-80° / 2 1.475 1.4714
I Si
Couples zeolite monolayers to glass.1
O
O 1. Ha, K. et al. Adv. Mater. 2002, 12(15), 1114.
[14867-28-8] TSCA-L HMIS: 3-2-1-X 10g 50g
SIT8397.0
O (3-TRIMETHOXYSILYL)PROPYL 2-BROMO-2-METHYLPROPIONATE
O C10H21BrO5Si 329.27 90-5° / 0.5 1.24325
O Si For surface initiated ATRP polymerization.1,2
Br O
O 1. Mulvihill, M. et al. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2005, 127, 16040.
2. Huck, J. et al. J. Mater. Chem. 2004, 14, 730.
[314021-97-1] HMIS: 2-2-1-X 5g
Cl SIV9064.0
VINYL(CHLOROMETHYL)DIMETHOXYSILANE
C5H11ClO2Si 166.68
NEW
Si O Multi-functional coupling agent
[1314981-48-0] HMIS: 3-3-1-X 10g
O
Halogen Functional Silanes - Dialkoxy

O SIC2292.0
CHLOROMETHYLMETHYLDIETHOXYSILANE
Cl Si C6H15ClO2Si 182.72 160-1° 1.00025 1.407
Vapor pressure, 70°: 20 mm
[2212-10-4] TSCA EC 218-657-9 HMIS: 3-3-1-X 25g 100g
SIC2295.2
O ((CHLOROMETHYL)PHENYLETHYL)METHYLDIMETHOXYSILANE
C12H19ClO2Si 258.82 120-5° / 0.5
Si
Cl Mixed m-, p-isomers
O
Intermediate for silicone analog of Merrifield resins
[160676-60-8]/[160676-58-4] HMIS: 2-1-1-X 25g
SIC2352.0
3-CHLOROPROPYLMETHYLDIETHOXYSILANE
O C8H19ClO2Si 210.77 81-3° / 8 0.9744 1.4260
NEW
Cl Si
Intermediate for functional silicone polymers
O
[13501-76-3] HMIS: 2-2-1-X 100g
SIC2353.0
3-CHLOROPROPYLMETHYLDIISOPROPOXYSILANE
O C10H23ClO2Si 238.84 92-4° / 10 0.93
NEW
Cl Si HMIS: 2-2-1-X 25g

O
SIC2355.0
O 3-CHLOROPROPYLMETHYLDIMETHOXYSILANE
COMMERCIAL
C6H15ClO2Si 182.72 70-2° / 11 1.0250 1.4253

Cl Si Specific wetting surface: 428 m2/g Flashpoint: 80°C (176°F)
O
SII6451.2
(3-IODOPROPYL)METHYLDIISOPROPOXYSILANE
O C10H23IO2Si 330.27 50-3° / 0.3 1.257 1.4623
NEW
I Si
HMIS: 3-2-1-X 10g
O

Halogen Functional Silanes - Monoalkoxy

SIC2278.0
O 3-CHLOROISOBUTYLDIMETHYLMETHOXYSILANE
Cl Si C7H17ClOSi 180.75 182° 0.950 1.433125
[18244-08-1] TSCA HMIS: 3-3-1-X 25g
SIC2286.0
CHLOROMETHYLDIMETHYLETHOXYSILANE
C5H13ClOSi 152.70 132-3° 0.94425 1.41225
Cl Si Dipole moment: 2.14 debye Flashpoint: 26°C (79°F)
[13508-53-7] TSCA EC 236-835-4 HMIS: 3-3-1-X 25g
SIC2295.2
O ((CHLOROMETHYL)PHENYLETHYL)METHYLDIMETHOXYSILANE
C12H19ClO2Si 258.82 120-5° / 0.5
Si
Cl Mixed m-, p-isomers
O
Intermediate for silicone analog of Merrifield resins
[160676-60-8]/[160676-58-4] HMIS: 2-1-1-X 25g
SIC2337.0
3-CHLOROPROPYLDIMETHYLETHOXYSILANE
O C7H17ClOSi 180.75 87° / 30 0.93225 1.42725
Cl Si
[13508-63-9] EC 236-837-5 HMIS: 2-3-1-X 25g
SIC2338.0
3-CHLOROPROPYLDIMETHYLMETHOXYSILANE, 95%
O C6H15ClOSi 166.73 170-1° 0.941 1.4278
Cl Si
[18171-14-7] EC 242-055-5 HMIS: 3-2-1-X 10g
Halogen Functional Silanes - Dipodal

SIC2279.3
O O
1-(3-CHLOROISOBUTYL)-1,1,3,3,3-PENTAETHOXY-1,3-DISILAPROPANE, 95%
Si O
C15H35ClO5Si2 387.06 115-7° / 0.5 1.020
NEW
Si O Pendant dipolar silane
Cl O
HMIS: 3-1-1-X 10g
Hydroxyl Functional Silanes

Hydroxyl Functional Silanes - Trialkoxy
SIH6172.0
O N-(HYDROXYETHYL)-N-METHYLAMINOPROPYLTRIMETHOXYSILANE, 75% in methanol
O C9H23NO4Si 237.37 0.99 1.417
N Si
HO Flashpoint: 11°C (52°F)
O
[330457-46-0] HMIS: 3-4-1-X 25g 100g
SIH6175.0
HYDROXYMETHYLTRIETHOXYSILANE, 50% in ethanol
O
TRIETHOXYSILYLMETHANOL
HO Si C7H18O4Si 194.31 0.866
O O Flashpoint: 15°C (59°F)
Contains equilibrium condensation oligomers
Hydrolysis yields analogs of silica-hydroxymethylsilanetriol polymers.1
Cohydrolysates form highly water dispersible nanoparticles.2
+ Functionalizes magnetic particles utilized in nucleic acid separation.3
Functionalizes nanoparticles for “stealth therapeutic” biomedical applications.4
O O 1. Arkles, B. et al. Silicon 2013, 5, 187; DOI 10.1007/s12633-013-9146-2.
HO Si Si 2. Du, H. et al. J. Colloid Interface Sci. 2009, 340, 202.
O O 3. Templer, D. Eur Pat App. EP 1748 072 A1, 2007.
O O 4. Neoh, K. G. et al. Polymer Chemistry 2011, 2, 747.
[162781-70-6] TSCA-L HMIS: 2-4-0-X 25g
O
SIT8189.0
O N-(3-TRIETHOXYSILYLPROPYL)GLUCONAMIDE, 50% in ethanol
HO
N Si
GLUCONAMIDOPROPYLTRIETHOXYSILANE
H O C15H33NO9Si 399.51 0.951
HO O
OH Flashpoint: 15°C (59°F)
Water soluble, hydrophilic silane
HO Modifies silica micro-capillaries to enhance flow of aqueous media.1
OH 1. Constable, H. et al. Colloids Surf., A 2011, 380, 128.
[104275-58-3] HMIS: 2-4-1-X 25g 100g 2kg

SIT8189.5
O N-(3-TRIETHOXYSILYLPROPYL)-4-HYDROXYBUTYRAMIDE
O
HO C13H29NO5Si 307.47 1.02 1.4533
N Si
H
O
O Anchoring reagent for light directed synthesis of DNA on glass.1
1. McGall, G. et al. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1997, 119, 5081.
[156214-80-1] HMIS: 2-2-1-X 10g 50g
SIT8192.0
N-(TRIETHOXYSILYLPROPYL)-O-POLYETHYLENE OXIDE URETHANE, 95%
C10H22NO4SiO(CH2CH2O)4-6H 400-500 1.09 1.454025
COMMERCIAL
O
O
O Contains some bis(urethane) analog
H
4-6
O N
H
Si
O
O
Hydrophilic surface modifier
Forms PEGylated glass surfaces suitable for capillary electrophoresis.1
1. Razunguzwa, T. et al. Anal. Chem. 2006, 78, 4326.
[74695-91-3] TSCA HMIS: 2-1-1-X 25g 100g 2kg
Dipodal Hydroxyl Functional Silanes

SIH6171.5
O O N-(HYDROXYETHYL)-N,N-BIS(TRIMETHOXYSILYLPROPYL)AMINE, 65% in methanol
O
Si Si O C14H35NO7Si2 385.61 0.97
NEW
O
N
Dipodal silane with hydroxyl functionality
[264128-94-1] TSCA HMIS: 3-4-1-X 10g
OH
Masked Hydroxyl Functional Silanes

SIT8572.8
11-(TRIMETHYLSILOXY)UNDECYLTRIETHOXYSILANE
O C20H46O4Si2 406.75 145° / 0.3 0.88725 1.426425
O
O Si Masked hydroxyl - deprotected after deposition with acidic aqueous ethanol
Si 11 [75389-03-6] HMIS: 2-1-1-X 5g
O
Isocyanate and Masked Isocyanate Functional Silanes

Isocyanate Functional Silanes - Trialkoxy
SII6455.0
3-ISOCYANATOPROPYLTRIETHOXYSILANE, 95%
COMMERCIAL
O O C10H21NO4Si 247.37 130° / 20 0.990 1.4190
C Flashpoint: 80°C (176°F)
N Si
O TOXICITY: oral rat, LD50: 710 mg/kg
O
Component in hybrid organic/inorganic urethanes.1
1. Cuney, S. et al. Better Ceramics Through Chemistry VII (MRS. Symp. Proc.) 1996, 435, 143.
SII6456.0
3-ISOCYANOTOPROPYLTRIMETHOXYSILANE, 95%
COMMERCIAL
O O
C C7H15NO4Si 205.29 95-8° / 10 1.073 1.4219
N Si Viscosity: 1.4 cSt Flashpoint: 108°C (226°F)
O TOXICITY: oral rat, LD50: 878 mg/kg
O
Isocyanate Functional Silanes - Dialkoxy

SII6454.45
O 3-ISOCYANATOPROPYLMETHYLDIETHOXYSILANE, 95%
O
C C9H19NO3Si 217.34 110-5° / 10
NEW
N Si
Reacts rapidly with amine and hydroxyl functional species that can hydrolyze to form siloxane polymers
O [33491-28-0] HMIS: 3-2-1-X 10g
SII6454.5
O O 3-ISOCYANATOPROPYLMETHYLDIMETHOXYSILANE, tech-95
C C7H15NO3Si 189.29 61° / 1 1.03
NEW
N Si
Contains isomers
O [26115-72-0] HMIS: 3-2-1-X 10g

Masked Isocyanate Functional Silanes

SIT7907.7
O (THIOCYANATOMETHYL)PHENETHYLTRIMETHOXYSILANE, tech-95
C13H19NO3SSi 297.44 100-5° / 0.5
NEW
Si O
Contains isomers Flashpoint: >110°C (>230°F)
O
N S
On exposure to UV light of 254 nm undergoes conversion to isothiocyanate which reacts w/ amines, etc.
HMIS: 3-2-1-X 10g
SIT7908.0
3-THIOCYANATOPROPYLTRIETHOXYSILANE, 96%
C10H21NO3SSi 263.43 95° / 0.1 1.03 1.4460
COMMERCIAL
O
S Si
TOXICITY: oral rat, LD50: 1,423 mg/kg
Complexing agent for Ag, Au, Pd, Pt.1
N O
Potential adhesion promoter for gold.2
1. Schilling, T. et al. Mikrochemica Acta 1996, 124, 235.
2. Ciszek, J. W. et al. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2004, 126, 13172.
SIT8186.5
O
N-(3-TRIETHOXYSILYLPROPYL)-O-t-BUTYLCARBAMATE
O
C14H31NO5Si 321.49 110-5° / 0.2 0.990 1.4334
O N Si
H O Flashpoint: >65°C (>150°F)
O
Masked isocyanate
[137376-38-6] HMIS: 2-1-1-X 25g 100g 2kg
SIT8188.0
O
COMMERCIAL
TRIETHOXYSILYLPROPYL ETHYLCARBAMATE
O
C12H27NO5Si 293.44 124-6° / 0.5 1.015 1.4321
O N Si
O
Masked isocyanate
SIT8407.0
O N-TRIMETHOXYSILYLPROPYLMETHYLCARBAMATE
O
METHYL [3-(TRIMETHOXYSILYL)PROPYL]CARBAMATE
NEW
O N Si C8H19NO5Si 237.32 102° / 0.75 1.1087
H O
O Viscosity: 12 cSt Flashpoint: 99°C (210°F)
[23432-62-4] HMIS: 3-2-1-X 25g
SIT8411.0
O 2-(3-TRIMETHOXYSILYLPROPYLTHIO)THIOPHENE
O C10H18O3S2Si 278.46 125-7° / 0.4 1.13625 1.512325
NEW
S S Si
Contact angle, water on treated silica surface: 76˚
O [1364140-50-0] HMIS: 3-2-1-X 10g
SIT8717.0
O
Si
O TRIS(3-TRIMETHOXYSILYLPROPYL)ISOCYANURATE, tech-95
C21H45N3O12Si3 615.86 1.170 1.4610
COMMERCIAL
O
Viscosity: 325-350 cSt. Flashpoint: 102°C (216°F)
O
O N O Si
O Coupling agent for polyimides to silicon metal
O
O
O
Adhesion promoter for hotmelt adhesives
Si N N Forms periodic mesoporous silicas.1
O
O
1. Zhang, W. et al. Chem. Mater. 2007, 19, 2663.

Phosphine and Phosphate Functional Silanes

SIB1091.0
O BIS(2-DIPHENYLPHOSPHINOETHYL)METHYLSILYLETHYLTRIETHOXYSILANE, mixed isomers
Si O
C37H50O3P2Si2 660.92 1.07 1.5746
Si O Analogous structures form ruthenium(II) complexes with high selectivity for hydrogenation and non-leachable binding to solid supports.1
P 1. Wu, D. et al. Chem. Mater. 2005, 17, 3951.
HMIS: 2-2-1-X 1.0g
P
SID3385.0
O
(2-DICYCLOHEXYLPHOSPHINOETHYL)TRIETHOXYSILANE
C20H41O3PSi 388.60 140° / 0.03 0.97925 1.481125
Si O
NEW
P O
Ligand for immobilization of precious metal catalytic complexes
[55289-47-9] HMIS: 3-1-0-X 5g
SID3411.0
(2-DIETHYLPHOSPHATOETHYL)METHYLDIETHOXYSILANE, tech-95
O C11H27O5PSi 298.39 124° / 2 1.020 1.427025
O O
P Comonomer for hydrophilic coatings
NEW
Si
O
O
[18048-06-1] HMIS: 3-2-1-X 10g
SID3412.0
(2-DIETHYLPHOSPHATOETHYL)TRIETHOXYSILANE, tech-95
DIETHYLPHOSPHONATOETHYLTRIETHOXYSILANE
O
C12H29O6PSi 328.41 141° / 2 1.03125 1.4216
O O
P
Si Water-soluble silane; anti-pilling agent for textiles.
O O
O Hydrolysis product catalytically hydrates olefins, forming alcohols.1
Forms corrosion resistant films for magnesium alloys.2
1. Young, F. et al. U.S. Patent 3,816,550, 1974.
2. Kramov, A. et al. Thin Solid Films 2006, 174, 514.
[757-44-8] TSCA EC 212-056-5 HMIS: 3-2-1-X 25g 100g
SID4557.5
(2-DIPHENYLPHOSPHINO)ETHYLDIMETHYLETHOXYSILANE
Si O C18H25OPSi 316.46 160° / 1 1.004 1.5630
P [359859-29-3] HMIS: 2-2-1-X 10g
SID4558.0
2-(DIPHENYLPHOSPHINO)ETHYLTRIETHOXYSILANE
C20H29O3PSi 376.50 182° / 1.3 1.05 1.5384
Immobilizing ligand for precious metals
O
Adhesion promoter for gold substrates in microelectronic applications.1
Forms stable bonds to silica and basic alumina suitable for catalyst immobilization.2
Si O Forms luminescent gels on hydrolysis with (EtO)4Si and Eu(NO3)3.3
P O Used to immobilize an iridium catalyst for the enantioselective hydrogenation of aryl ketones.4
Used in the preparation of solid-phase Pd catalyst for Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling.5
1. Helbert, J. U.S. Patent 4,497,890, 1985.
2. Merchle, C. H. et al. Chem. Mater. 2001, 13, 3617.
3. Corriu, R. et al. J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 2001, 1116.
4. Liu, G. et al. Adv. Synth. Catal. 2008, 350, 1464.
5. Zhang, X. et al. Synthesis, 2011, 2975.
[18586-39-5] TSCA EC 242-427-7 HMIS: 3-1-1-X 5g 25g
SID4558.2
3-(DIPHENYLPHOSPHINO)PROPYLTRIETHOXYSILANE
C21H31O3PSi 390.53 190° / 1
O
NEW
P Si
[52090-23-0] HMIS: 3-1-1-X 1.0g
O
SIT8378.5
3-(TRIHYDROXYSILYL)PROPYL METHYLPHOSPHONATE, MONOSODIUM SALT, 42% in water
COMMERCIAL
HO
O OH C4H12NaO6PSi 238.18 1.25
O Si
Na+ P
Contains 4-5% methanol, sodium methylphosphonate Flashpoint: 79°C (174°F)
-
O OH Forms functionalized silica nanoparticles employed in amperometric glucose sensor.1
1. Zhao, W. et al. Electrochim. Acta 2013, 89, 278.
[84962-98-1] TSCA EC 284-799-3 HMIS: 1-2-0-X 100g 500g 2.5kg

Sulfur Functional Silanes

Sulfur Functional Silanes - Trialkoxy
SID3545.0
2,2-DIMETHOXY-1-THIA-2-SILACYCLOPENTANE
S C5H12O2SSi 164.29 57-8° / 7 1.094
Si Reagent for modification of silver and gold surfaces
O O Coupling agent for rubber
[26903-85-5] HMIS: 3-3-1-X 25g
SIM6475.0
3-MERCAPTOPROPYLTRIETHOXYSILANE, 95%
O C9H22O3SSi 238.42 210° 0.9325 1.4331
HS Si TOXICITY: oral rat, LD50: >2,000 mg/kg
O For blocked version see SIO6704.0
O Used to make thiol-organosilica nanoparticles.1
SIM6476.0
3-MERCAPTOPROPYLTRIMETHOXYSILANE
C6H16O3SSi 196.34 93° / 40 1.05125 1.450225
O Viscosity: 2 cSt Flashpoint: 96°C (205°F)
γc of treated surfaces: 41 mN/m TOXICITY: oral rat, LD50: 2,380 mg/kg
HS Si Specific wetting surface: 348 m2/g Primary irritation index: 0.19
O Coupling agent for EPDM and mechanical rubber applications
O
Adhesion promoter for polysulfide adhesives
For enzyme immobilization.1
COMMERCIAL
Treatment of mesoporous silica yields highly efficient heavy metal scavenger.2
Couples fluorescent biological tags to semiconductor CdS nanoparticles.3
Modified mesoporous silica supports Pd in coupling reactions.4
Used to make thiol-organosilica nanoparticles.5
Forms modified glass and silica surfaces suitable for SILAR fabrication of CdS thin films.6
1. Stjernlöf, P. et al. Tetrahedron Lett. 1990, 31, 5773.
2. Liu, J. et al. Science 1997, 276, 923.
3. Bruchez, M. et al. Science 1998, 281, 2013.
4. Crudden, C. et al. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2005, 127, 10045.
Adhesion promoter for structural
polysulfide glass sealants
6. Sun, H. et al. J. Dispersion Sci. Technol. 2005, 26, 719.
SIM6476.1
O 3-MERCAPTOPROPYLTRIMETHOXYSILANE, 99+%
C6H16O3SSi 196.34 93° / 40 1.05125 1.450225
HS Si Flashpoint: 96°C (205°F)
O Low fluorescence grade for high-throughput screening
O [4420-74-0] TSCA EC 224-588-5 HMIS: 3-2-1-X 25g
SIM6480.0
O 11-MERCAPTOUNDECYLTRIMETHOXYSILANE, 95%
HS C14H32O3SSi 308.55 150° / 0.5 0.955
10 Si
O Stabilizes ionic liquid drop micro-reactors.1
O 1. Zhang, X. et al. J. Nanotechnol. 2012, 3, 33.
[877593-17-4] HMIS: 3-2-1-X 2.5g
SIO6704.0
S-(OCTANOYL)MERCAPTOPROPYLTRIETHOXYSILANE
O COMMERCIAL
O
C17H36O4SSi 364.62 0.9686 1.4515
S Si
5 O TOXICITY: oral rat, LD50: >2,000 mg/kg
O
Masked mercaptan - deblocked with alcohols
Latent coupling agent for butadiene rubber
[220727-26-4] TSCA HMIS: 2-1-1-X 25g 100g 18kg
SIP6926.2
O 3-(2-PYRIDYLETHYL)THIOPROPYLTRIMETHOXYSILANE
S Si C13H23NO3SSi 301.48 156-7° / 0.25 1.089 1.498
O
O [29098-72-4] HMIS: 3-2-1-X 10g
N
O SIP6926.4
S Si 3-(4-PYRIDYLETHYL)THIOPROPYLTRIMETHOXYSILANE, 95%
O C13H23NO3SSi 301.48 160-2° / 0.2 1.09 1.5037
O
pKa: 4.8
Immobilizable ligand for immunoglobulin lgG separation using hydrophobic charge induction chromatography (HCIC)
N [198567-47-4] HMIS: 3-2-1-X 10g

SIT7908.0
3-THIOCYANATOPROPYLTRIETHOXYSILANE, 96%
C10H21NO3SSi 263.43 95° / 0.1 1.03 1.4460
COMMERCIAL
O
S Si
TOXICITY: oral rat, LD50: 1,423 mg/kg
Complexing agent for Ag, Au, Pd, Pt.1
N O
Potential adhesion promoter for gold.2
1. Schilling, T. et al. Mikrochemica Acta 1996, 124, 235.
2. Ciszek, J. W. et al. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2004, 126, 13172.
SIT8411.0
O 2-(3-TRIMETHOXYSILYLPROPYLTHIO)THIOPHENE
O C10H18O3S2Si 278.46 125-7° / 0.4 1.13625 1.512325
NEW
S S Si
Contact angle, water on treated silica surface: 76˚
O [1364140-50-0] HMIS: 3-2-1-X 10g
Sulfur Functional Silanes - Dialkoxy

SIM6473.0
O (MERCAPTOMETHYL)METHYLDIETHOXYSILANE, 95%
C6H16O2SSi 180.34 60° / 10 0.975 1.4446
HS O
[55161-63-2] HMIS: 3-2-1-X 10g
SIM6474.0
3-MERCAPTOPROPYLMETHYLDIMETHOXYSILANE, 96%
O C6H16O2SSi 180.34 96° / 30 1.000 1.4502
COMMERCIAL
HS Si Intermediate for silicones in thiol-ene UV-cure systems
Adhesion promoter for polysulfide sealants
O Used to make thiol-organosilica nanoparticles.1
Sulfur Functional Silanes - Dipodal

SIB1820.5
BIS[m-(2-TRIETHOXYSILYLETHYL)TOLYL]POLYSULFIDE, tech-90
O O C30H50O6S(2-4)Si2 627-691 1.10 1.533
Si Si
O
O
S
2-4 O
O Dark, viscous liquid Flashpoint: 55°C (131°F)
Coupling agent for SBR rubber
[198087-81-9]/[85912-75-0]/[67873-85-2] TSCA HMIS: 2-2-1-X 25g 2kg
SIB1824.6
BIS[3-(TRIETHOXYSILYL)PROPYL]DISULFIDE, 90%
BIS(TRIETHOXYSILYL)-4,5-DITHIOOCTANE
COMMERCIAL
O
O
O
C18H42O6S2Si2 474.82 1.025 1.457
Si S
S Si Contains sulfide and tetrasulfide Flashpoint: 75°C (167°F)
O O
O Dipodal coupling agent/vulcanizing agent for rubbers
Intermediate for mesoporous silicas with acidic pores.1
1. Alauzun, J. et al. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2006, 128, 8718.
SIB1825.0
BIS[3-(TRIETHOXYSILYL)PROPYL]TETRASULFIDE, tech-95
O
S TESPT
Si S C18H42O6S4Si2 538.94 250° dec 1.095 1.49
O Contains distribution of S2 - S10 species; average 3.8 Flashpoint: 91°C (196°F)
O
COMMERCIAL
Viscosity: 11 cSt TOXICITY: oral rat, LD50: 16,400 mg/kg

2
Adhesion promoter for precious metals
Coupling agent/vulcanizing agent for "green" tires
Adhesion promoter for PVD copper on parylene.1
1. Pimanpang, S. et al. J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A 2006, 24, 1884.
SIB1827.0
N,N'-BIS[3-(TRIETHOXYSILYL)PROPYL]THIOUREA, 90%
O C19H44N2O6SSi2 484.73 1.047 1.4696
O H
Si N S Flashpoint: >110°C (>230°F)
Forms films on electrodes for determination of mercury.1
O 1. Guo, Y. et al. J. Pharm. Biol. Anal. 1999, 19 175.
[69952-89-2] HMIS: 2-1-1-X 25g
2

Vinyl and Olefin Functional Silanes

Vinyl and Olefin Functional Silanes - Trialkoxy
SIA0482.0
11-ALLYLOXYUNDECYLTRIMETHOXYSILANE
O C17H36O4Si 332.56 140° / 0.5 0.914 1.4415
O 11 Si ω-olefin for functional self-assembled monolayers (SAMs)
O [1196453-35-6] HMIS: 2-1-0-X 5g
O
O
SIA0489.0
Si O m-ALLYLPHENYLPROPYLTRIETHOXYSILANE
O C18H30O3Si 322.52
NEW
Coupling agent for amine functional aromatic optical coatings
HMIS: 2-2-1-X 5g
SIA0525.0
ALLYLTRIETHOXYSILANE
O 3-(TRIETHOXYSILYL)-1-PROPENE
C9H20O3Si 204.34 176° 0.9030 1.4074
Si O Dipole moment: 1.79 debye Flashpoint: 47°C (117°F)
Vapor pressure, 100˚: 50 mm
O Extensive review on the use in silicon-based cross-coupling reactions.1
1. Denmark, S. E. et al. Organic Reactions, Vol. 75, Denmark, S. E. Ed., John Wiley and Sons, 233, 2011.
[2550-04-1] TSCA EC 219-843-2 HMIS: 2-2-1-X 10g 50g
SIA0540.0
ALLYLTRIMETHOXYSILANE
C6H14O3Si 162.26 146-8° 0.96325 1.403625
Adhesion promoter for vinyl-addition silicones
O Allylation of ketones, aldehydes and imines with dual activation of a Lewis Acid and fluoride ion.1
COMMERCIAL
Used in the regioselective generation of the thermodynamically more stable enol trimethoxysilyl ethers, which in turn are used in the
asymmetric generation of quaternary carbon centers.2
Si O Converts arylselenyl bromides to arylallylselenides.3
Allylates aryl iodides.4
O 1. Yamasaki, S. et al. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2002, 124, 6536.
2. Ichibakase, T. et al. Tetrahedron Lett. 2008, 49, 4427.
3. Bhadra, S. et al. J. Org. Chem. 2010, 75, 4864.
4. Mowery, M. E.; DeShong, P. J. Org. Chem. 1999, 64, 1684.
F&F: Vol 18, p 14; Vol 19, p 360; Vol 20, p 85; Vol 21, p 3, Vol 12, p 395
SIB0988.0
O [(5-BICYCLO[2.2.1]HEPT-2-ENYL)ETHYL]TRIMETHOXYSILANE, tech-95, endo/exo isomers
O C12H22O3Si 242.39 65° / 10 1.02 1.458
Si
O [68323-30-8] HMIS: 2-1-1-X 25g 2kg
Cl SIB0990.0
(5-BICYCLO[2.2.1]HEPT-2-ENYL)METHYLDICHLOROSILANE, 95%
Si C8H12Cl2Si 207.17 74-5° / 10 1.151 1.4938
NEW
Cl [18245-94-8] TSCA EC 242-122-9 HMIS: 3-2-1-X 10g
SIB0992.0
(5-BICYCLO[2.2.1]HEPT-2-ENYL)TRIETHOXYSILANE
NORBORNENYLTRIETHOXYSILANE
O C13H24O3Si 256.42 106-8° / 8 0.960 1.4486
O
Si Coupling agent for norbornadiene rubbers
Component in low dielectric constant films
O Undergoes ring-opening metathetic polymerization (ROMP) with RuCl2(P(C6H5)3)3.1
1. Finkelstein, E. 10th Int'l Organosilicon Symp. Proc. 1993, P-120.
[18401-43-9] TSCA EC 242-278-8 HMIS: 2-2-1-X 10g 50g
SIB1928.0
3-BUTENYLTRIETHOXYSILANE, 95%
O C10H22O3Si 218.37 64° / 6 (-80°) 0.90
O Mixed isomers (mainly 3-butenyl) Flashpoint: 73°C (163°F)
Si TOXICITY: oral rat, LD50: >5,000 mg/kg
[57813-67-9] HMIS: 2-2-1-X 25g
O

SIC2282.0
2-(CHLOROMETHYL)ALLYLTRIMETHOXYSILANE
O C7H15ClO3Si
O 210.73 128° / 70 1.09
Cl Si
NEW
Versatile coupling agent
O [39197-94-9] HMIS: 3-2-1-X 2.5g
SIC2459.5
O [2-(3-CYCLOHEXENYL)ETHYL]TRIETHOXYSILANE
C14H28O3Si 272.46 0.948 1.444
Si O
Contains isomers Flashpoint: 120°C (248°F)
O [77756-79-7] HMIS: 2-1-1-X 10g 50g
SIC2460.0
[2-(3-CYCLOHEXENYL)ETHYL]TRIMETHOXYSILANE
O C11H22O3Si 230.38 109° / 6 1.02 1.4476
Contains isomers Flashpoint: 80°C (176°F)
Si O Orients liquid crystals in display devices.1
Coupling agent for aramid fiber reinforced epoxy.2
O 1. Sharp, Chem. Abstr. 101,81758g; Jap. Patent JP 58122517, 1983.
2. Lechner, U. Chem. Abstr. 112, 218118x; Germ. Offen. DE 3820971, 1989.
[67592-36-3] TSCA EC 266-749-2 HMIS: 3-2-1-X 10g 50g
SIC2464.1
3-CYCLOHEXENYLTRIMETHOXYSILANE
O C9H18O3Si 202.32 78-9° / 6 1.039
Si
NEW
[21619-76-1] HMIS: 3-2-1-X 5g
O
O
SIC2520.0
(3-CYCLOPENTADIENYLPROPYL)TRIETHOXYSILANE
O C14H26O3Si 270.44 115° / 0.5 0.99 1.4513
Si
O Dimer; may be cracked to monomer at ~ 190° at 100mm
O Employed in silica-supported purification of fullerenes.1
1. Nie, B. et al. J. Org. Chem. 1996, 61, 1870.
[102056-64-4] HMIS: 2-1-1-X 10g
SID4610.3
O 2-(DIVINYLMETHYLSILYL)ETHYLTRIETHOXYSILANE
O C13H28O3Si2 288.54 79-81° / 0.15 0.895
Si
HMIS: 2-1-1-X 5g
Si
O
SID4618.0
DOCOSENYLTRIETHOXYSILANE, 95%
O C28H58O3Si 470.88 187-195° / 0.05
Contains isomers
Si
Forms self-assembled monolayers that can be modified to hydroxyls.1
19 O
O 1. Penansky, J. et al. Langmuir 1995, 11, 953.
[330457-44-8] HMIS: 1-1-0-X 1.0g
SIH5919.0
F F F F F F F F HEXADECAFLUORODODEC-11-EN-1-YLTRIMETHOXYSILANE
O
C15H16F16O3Si 576.35 90° / 0.5 1.414525 1.352625
Si
O
F F F F F F F F O Forms self-assembled monolayers; reagent for immobilization of DNA
HMIS: 3-1-1-X 1.0g
SIH6164.2
5-HEXENYLTRIETHOXYSILANE, 95%
O C12H26O3Si 246.43 97° / 1 0.883 1.4185
Si Primarily α-olefin Flashpoint: 86°C (187°F)
O [52034-14-7] HMIS: 2-1-1-X 10g
O
SIH6164.3
O
5-HEXENYLTRIMETHOXYSILANE, 95%
C9H20O3Si 204.34 193-4° 0.927
NEW
Si
O
Adhesion promoter for Pt-cure silicones
O [58751-56-7] HMIS: 3-1-1-X 10g

SIO6709.0
7-OCTENYLTRIMETHOXYSILANE, tech-95
C11H24O3Si 232.39 48-9° / 0.1 0.94 1.4305
O Contains 10-15% internal olefin isomers Flashpoint: 95°C (203°F)
Coupling agent for "in situ" polymerization of acrylamide for capillary electrophoresis.1
Si Employed in stretched DNA fibers for FISH (fluorescent in situ hybridization) mapping.2
5
O Surface treatment for FISH and replication mapping on DNA fibers.3
O 1. Cifuentes, A. et al. J. Chromatogr., A 1999, 830(2), 423.
2. Labit, H. et al. BioTechniques 2008, 45, 649.
3. Labit, H. et al. Biotechniques Protocol Guide 2010 (48) DOI 10.2144/000113255.
[52217-57-9] TSCA HMIS: 3-1-1-X 5g 25g
SIP6902.6
O O-(PROPARGYL)-N-(TRIETHOXYSILYLPROPYL) CARBAMATE, 90%
O C13H25NO5Si 303.43 110-20° / 0.2 0.990 1.446125
O N Si Inhibited with MEHQ Flashpoint: 95°C (203°F)
H O
O Surface derivatization reagent enabling “click” chemistry of nanoparticles. 1
1. Achatz, D. et al. Sensors and Actuators B 2010, 150, 211.

[870987-68-1] HMIS: 2-2-1-X 25g
SIS6990.0
STYRYLETHYLTRIMETHOXYSILANE, tech-90
C13H20O3Si 252.38 98° / 0.1 1.02 1.505
O
Inhibited with t-butyl catechol Flashpoint: 97°C (207°F)
Si
O Copolymerization parameter, e,Q: -0.880, 1.500
O Mixed m-, p-isomers and α-, β-isomers
Contains ethylphenethyltrimethoxysilane
[119181-19-0]/[52783-38-7] TSCA-E HMIS: 2-1-1-X store <5°C 10g 50g
H
SIS6993.0
N 3-(N-STYRYLMETHYL-2-AMINOETHYLAMINO)PROPYLTRIMETHOXYSILANE, 40% in methanol
N
H
O C17H30N2O3Si 338.52 0.871 1.3900
Si Inhibited with BHT Flashpoint: 11°C (52°F)
O Coupling agent for unsaturated polyesters
O
[34937-00-3] TSCA EC 252-297-3 HMIS: 3-4-1-X store <5°C 25g 100g 2kg
O SIU9049.0
10-UNDECENYLTRIMETHOXYSILANE
Si C14H30O3Si 274.48 102-5° / 1 0.908 1.4334
8 O
O When treated on glass provides a contact angle of 100°
[872575-06-9] HMIS: 2-1-1-X 5g
SIV9088.4
O
O O-(VINYLOXYBUTYL)-N-TRIETHOXYSILYLPROPYL CARBAMATE, tech-95
O
O N
H
Si C16H33NO6Si 363.53 1.015 1.4454
O
O
Inhibited with MEHQ
UV reactive coupling agent
O [159856-61-8] HMIS: 3-2-1-X 10g
SIV9098.0
O VINYLTRIACETOXYSILANE
COMMERCIAL
Si O C8H12O6Si 232.26 112-3° / 1 (10-13°) 1.167 1.423
O Crosslinker for moisture-cure silicone RTVs with greater liquid range for formulation, faster moisture-cure rate and better substrate
O adhesion properties than methyltriacetoxysilane
O [4130-08-9] TSCA EC 223-943-1 HMIS: 3-2-1-X store <5°C 100g 2kg 18kg
SIV9099.0
VINYLTRI-t-BUTOXYSILANE
O C14H30O3Si 274.47 54° / 2 0.869
Si O
[5356-88-7] EC 226-343-8 HMIS: 2-2-1-X 10g 50g
O
SIV9112.0
VINYLTRIETHOXYSILANE
C8H18O3Si 190.31 160-1° 0.903 1.3960
ΔHform: -463.5 kcal/mole Flashpoint: 44°C (111°F)
ΔHvap: 6.8 kcal/mole TOXICITY: oral rat, LD50: 22,500 mg/kg
Dipole moment: 1.69 debye Autoignition temperature: 268°C
Specific wetting surface area: 412 m2/g Vapor pressure, 20˚: 5 mm
O
COMMERCIAL
Copolymerization parameters- e,Q: -0.42, 0.028 Specific heat: 0.25 cal/g/˚

Si O γc of treated glass surface: 25 mN/m
Relative hydrolysis rate versus SIV9220.0, vinyltrimethoxysilane; 0.05
O Forms copolymers with ethylene
Couples fillers or fiberglass to resins
See VEE-005 for polymeric version
Reacts with enamines to give (E)-β-silylenamines, which cross-couple w/ aryl iodides to give β-aryl enamines.1
Extensive review on the use in silicon-based cross-coupling reactions.2
1. Marciniec, B. et al. J. Org. Chem. 2005, 70, 8550.
2. Denmark, S. E. et al. Organic Reactions, Vol. 75, Denmark, S. E. ed., John Wiley and Sons, 233, 2011.

SIV9209.0
VINYLTRIISOPROPENOXYSILANE, tech-95
COMMERCIAL
O C11H18O3Si 226.35 73-5° / 12 0.926 1.4373
Si O Employed as a cross-linker and in vapor phase derivatization; byproduct is acetone
O
SIV9210.0
VINYLTRIISOPROPOXYSILANE
C11H24O3Si 232.39 179-81° 0.8659 1.396125
O
COMMERCIAL
Copolymerization parameters- e,Q: -0.36, 0.031 Flashpoint: 51°C (124°F)
Si O Vapor pressure, 60°: 4 mm
Used for free-radical cure water-borne resin systems
O Adhesion promotor for vinyl acetate/ethylene latex
Relative hydrolysis rate versus vinyltrimethoxysilane; 0.0015
SIV9220.0
O VINYLTRIMETHOXYSILANE
C5H12O3Si 148.23
123° 0.970 1.3930
Si O
Copolymerization parameters- e,Q: -0.38, 0.031 TOXICITY: oral rat, LD50: 8,000 mg/kg
Specific wetting surface area: 528 m2/g Autoignition temperature: 235°C
O Vapor pressure, 20°: 9 mm
Employed in two-stage and one-stage graft polymerization/crosslinking for PE
1 2
COMMERCIAL
Copolymerizes with ethylene to form moisture crosslinkable polymers. 3
Converts arylselenyl bromides to arylvinylselenides.4

Reacts with anhydrides to transfer both vinyl and methoxy and thus form the mixed diester.5
Cross-couples w/ α-bromo esters to give α-vinyl esters in high ee.6
1. Scott, H. U.S. Patent 3,646,155, 1972.
2. Swarbrick, P. et al. U.S. Patent 4,117,195, 1978.
3. Isaka, T. et al. U.S. Patent 4,413,066, 1983.
4. Bhadra, S. et al. J. Org. Chem. 2010, 75, 4864.
5. Luo, F. et al. J. Org. Chem. 2010, 75, 5379.
Vinylsilanes are used in PE and
6. Strotman, N. A.; Sommer, S.; Fu, G. C. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 2007, 46, 3556.
EPDM insulated wire and cable
SIV9275.0
VINYLTRIS(2-METHOXYETHOXY)SILANE
C11H24O6Si 280.39 284-6° 1.033625 1.427125
COMMERCIAL
TOXICITY: oral rat, LD50: 2,960mg/kg
O
O Employed in peroxide graft-moisture crosslinking of polyethylene
O Si O
O Relative hydrolysis rate versus SIV9220.0, vinyltrimethoxysilane; 0.50
Coupling agent for kaolin in EPDM/PE cable formulations.1
SIV9277.0
O VINYLTRIS(1-METHOXY-2-PROPOXY)SILANE
C14H30O6Si 322.47 0.981 1.424
O
[303746-21-6] HMIS: 2-1-1-X 25g 100g
O Si O
SIV9280.0
VINYLTRIS(METHYLETHYLKETOXIMINO)SILANE, tech-95
N C14H27N3O3Si 313.47 113° / 0.1 (-22°) 0.98225 1.465
COMMERCIAL
O N Neutral cross-linker/coupling agent for condensation cure silicones

Si O Byproduct: methylethylketoxime
O
N

Vinyl and Olefin Functional Silanes - Dialkoxy

SIA0415.0
N-ALLYL-AZA-2,2-DIMETHOXYSILACYCLOPENTANE
N C8H17NO2Si 187.31 52-4° / 3
Si
NEW
Coupling agent for nanoparticles
O O [618914-49-1] HMIS: 3-3-1-X 10g
SIA0485.0
O ALLYLMETHYLDIMETHOXYSILANE, tech-95
C6H14O2Si 146.26 127-8° 0.87125 1.405525
Si
NEW
Contains β-methylvinyl isomer
O [67681-66-7] EC 266-901-8 HMIS: 3-3-1-X 5g
SIB0990.3
(5-BICYCLO[2.2.1]HEPT-2-ENYL)METHYLDIETHOXYSILANE
C12H22O2Si 226.39 65-7° / 1 0.959 1.452525
O
Comonomer for ROMP reactive resins
Si
NEW
[113276-73-6] HMIS: 2-2-1-X 25g
SIV9085.0
O VINYLMETHYLDIETHOXYSILANE
COMMERCIAL
C7H16O2Si 160.29 133-4° 0.858 1.3998
Si Dipole moment: 1.27 debye Flashpoint: 16°C (61°F)
Copolymerization parameters- e,Q; -0.86, 0.020
O Chain extender, crosslinker for silicone RTVs and hydroxy-functional resins
SIV9086.0
VINYLMETHYLDIMETHOXYSILANE
O
COMMERCIAL
C5H12O2Si 132.23 103° 0.889 1.395
Si
O Vapor pressure, 20°: 38 mm
Additive to moisture-cure silane modified polyurethanes as a water scavenger to prevent premature cure
Vinyl and Olefin Functional Silanes - Monoalkoxy

SIB0981.0
O (5-BICYCLO[2.2.1]HEPT-2-ENYL)DIMETHYLETHOXYSILANE
Si C11H20OSi 196.36 67° / 3.5 0.92625 1.460425
NEW
Undergoes ROMP reactions
[899823-76-8] HMIS: 2-2-1-X 25g
SIT8732.0
TRIVINYLMETHOXYSILANE, 95%
C7H12OSi 140.25 131-3° 1.4400
Si O Flashpoint: 26°C (79°F)
[193828-96-5] HMIS: 3-4-1-X 2.5g 10g
SIV9072.0
VINYLDIMETHYLETHOXYSILANE
C6H14OSi 130.26 99-100° 0.790 1.3983
Si Dipole moment: 1.23 debye Flashpoint: 4°C (39°F)
O Vinylates aryl halides.1
1. Denmark, S. E.; Butler, C. R. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2008, 130, 3690.
[5356-83-2] TSCA EC 226-341-7 HMIS: 2-4-1-X 10g 50g

Vinyl and Olefin Functional Silanes - Dipodal

SIB1618.0
1,2-BIS(METHYLDIETHOXYSILYL)ETHYLENE
O O C12H28O4Si2 292.52 80° / 2 0.918 1.4214
Si
NEW
Si
Mixed cis/trans isomers - primarily trans
O O [124279-15-8] HMIS: 2-3-1-X 25g
SIB1818.0
BIS(TRIETHOXYSILYLETHYL)VINYLMETHYLSILANE
O O O O C19H44O6Si3 452.82 141° / 0.15 0.943
Si Si
HMIS: 2-1-1-X 5g
O O
Si
SIB1820.0
1,2-BIS(TRIETHOXYSILYL)ETHYLENE, 95%
O O 4,4,7,7-TETRAETHOXY-3,8-DIOXA-4,7-DISILADEC-5-ENE
O C14H32O6Si2 352.57 122-5° / 4 0.958 1.4168
Si Si
O ~80% trans isomer
O O Forms ethylene-bridged mesoporous silicas.1
1. Vercaemst, C. et al. Chem. Mater. 2009, 21, 5792.
[87061-56-1] HMIS: 2-2-1-X 5g 25g
SIB1824.9
O O
O
6-8 6-8
O 1,3-[BIS(3-TRIETHOXYSILYLPROPYL)POLYETHYLENOXY]-2-METHYLENEPROPANE
C50H104O20Si2 (av) 1113.5
Vinyl functional hydrophilic dipodal coupling agent for protein immobilization
O O
Si Si HMIS: 2-2-1-X 1.0g
O O
O O
SIB1832.5
1,1-BIS(TRIMETHOXYSILYLMETHYL)ETHYLENE, tech-95
O O
O O C10H24O6Si2 296.47 230-3° 1.05 1.42925
Si Si Contains ~ 10% cyclic siloxane condensation products
O O Dipodal coupling agent
[143727-20-2] HMIS: 3-3-1-X 5g
O SIB1834.5
O
O
BIS(3-TRIMETHOXYSILYLPROPYL) FUMARATE, 96%
C16H32O10Si2 440.59 1.118 1.443
O
NEW
O O
Si Dipodal silane
Si
O
O
O Adhesion promoter for Pt-cure silicone RTVs
[3371-62-8] TSCA HMIS: 3-1-1-X 25g
Vinyl and Olefin Functional Silanes - Polymeric

SIV9112.2
VINYLTRIETHOXYSILANE, oligomeric hydrolysate
1.02
Si
[29434-25-1] TSCA HMIS: 2-2-1-X 100g 1kg
NEW
O O
SIV9112.3
VINYLTRIETHOXYSILANE-PROPYLTRIETHOXYSILANE, oligomeric co-hydrolysate
600-1,000 1.02
NEW
Viscosity: 3-7 cSt Flashpoint: 116°C (241°F)

9-11 wgt% vinyl
[201615-10-3] TSCA HMIS: 2-1-1-X 100g 1kg
SIV9220.2
VINYLTRIMETHOXYSILANE, oligomeric hydrolysate
1.10 1.428
Si
NEW
Graft-coupling agent for grafted polyethylene composites.1

1. Arkles, B. et al, Modern Plastics 1987, 64, 38.
O O
[131298-48-1] TSCA HMIS: 2-2-1-X 100g 2kg
n

Multi-Functional and Polymeric Silanes

Polybutadiene
CH2 CH2
CH CH
SSP-055
TRIETHOXYSILYL MODIFIED POLY-1,2-BUTADIENE, 50% in toluene
CH2CHCH2CHCH2CH 3,500-4,500 0.90
CH2CH2Si(OC2H5)3[72905-90-9] TSCA HMIS: 2-4-1-X store <5°C 100g 2kg
CH2 CH2 SSP-056
TRIETHOXYSILYL MODIFIED POLY-1,2-BUTADIENE, 50% in volatile silicone
CH CH 3,500-4,500 0.93
CH2CHCH2CHCH2CH [72905-90-9] TSCA HMIS: 2-3-1-X store <5°C 100g 2kg
CH2CH2Si(OC2H5)3
CH2 CH2 SSP-058

CH CH DIETHOXYMETHYLSILYL MODIFIED POLY-1,2-BUTADIENE, 50% in toluene
3,500-4,500 0.90
CH2CHCH2CHCH2CH
CH2CH2Si(OC2H5)2 HMIS: 2-4-1-X store <5°C 100g 3kg
CH3
SSP-255
(30-35% TRIETHOXYSILYLETHYL)ETHYLENE-(35-40% 1,4-BUTADIENE)-(25-30% STYRENE) terpolymer, 50% in toluene
4,500-5,500
(CH2CH)m(CH2CH)n(CH2CH CHCH2)p
CH2CH2Si(OC2H5)3 HMIS: 2-3-1-X 100g
UV Active and Fluorescent Silanes

SIB1824.8
1,7-BIS(4-TRIETHOXYSILYLPROPOXY-3-METHOXYPHENYL)-1,6-HEPTADIENE-3,5-DIONE, tech-90
C39H60O12Si2 777.07
UV max: 220, 232(vs), 354(broad)
O Metal chelating chromophore
O
*
O
Si O
O
O
[947329-82-0] HMIS: 2-1-1-X 0.5g

SIC2058.2
3-CARBAZOLYLPROPYLTRIETHOXYSILANE
N
C21H29NO3Si 371.55 185-195° / 0.3 1.072 1.552725
For non-linear optic materials
NEW
Employed in OLED fabrication.1
O
1. DeMais, T. et al. SPIE Proc. 1998, 3476, 338
Si
O [221105-38-0] HMIS: 2-2-1-X 2.5g
O
SID4352.0
3-(2,4-DINITROPHENYLAMINO)PROPYLTRIETHOXYSILANE, 95%
N-[3-(TRIETHOXYSILYL)PROPYL]-2,4-DINITROPHENYLAMINE
C15H25N3O7Si 387.46 (27-30°) 1.5665
Viscous liquid or solid Flashpoint: >110°C (>230°F)
UV max: 222, 258, 350(s), 410
O
Forms χ2 non-linear optical sol-gel materials by corona poling.1,2
HN Si
O
O2N O
NO2
1. Toussaere, E. et al. Non-Linear Optics 1992, 2, 37.

2. Lebeau, J. et al. J. Mater. Chem. 1994, 4, 1855.
[71783-41-0] HMIS: 2-1-0-X 25g

OH O SIH6198.0
2-HYDROXY-4-(3-METHYLDIETHOXYSILYLPROPOXY)DIPHENYLKETONE, tech-90
O C21H28O5Si 388.54 1.11625 1.560125
Si O Amber liquid
HMIS: 2-1-1-X 25g
SIH6200.0
2-HYDROXY-4-(3-TRIETHOXYSILYLPROPOXY)DIPHENYLKETONE, tech-90
C22H30O6Si 418.56 1.12025 1.54525
Amber liquid
Viscosity, 25˚: 125-150 cSt
UV max: 230, 248, 296(s), 336
OH O
Strong UV blocking agent for optically clear coatings, absorbs from 210-420 nm
UV blocking agent.1
O
Si O
O
O
1. Anthony, B. U.S. Patent 4,495,360, 1985.

[79876-59-8] TSCA HMIS: 2-1-1-X 25g 100g 2kg
SIM6502.0
O-4-METHYLCOUMARINYL-N-[3-(TRIETHOXYSILYL)PROPYL]CARBAMATE
C20H29NO7Si 423.54 (88-90°)
UV max: 223, 281, 319.5 (vs)
Soluble: THF
O Immobilizeable fluorescent compound.1
O Si O
NH
O O O O
1. Arkles, B. U.S. Patent 4,918,200, 1990.

[129119-78-4] HMIS: 2-2-1-X 10g
SIN6597.25
NITROVERATRYLOXYCARBONYLAMIDOPROPYLTRIETHOXYSILANE, 10% in tetrahydrofuran
O N-TRIETHOXYSILYLPROPYL-O-4,5-DIMETHOXY-2-NITROBENZYLCARBAMATE
O
O C19H32N2O9Si 460.56
NEW
Si N O
H
O
O UV max: 365 nm Flashpoint: -14°C (7°F)
O2N O
Photosensitive silane for lithography.1
1. del Campo, A. et al. Angew. Chem. 2005, 44, 4707
[188541-09-5] HMIS: 3-4-1-X 1.0g
O OH
SIT8186.2
O 7-TRIETHOXYSILYLPROPOXY-5-HYDROXYFLAVONE, 50% in xylene
Si C24H30O7Si 458.58
O
O
O O
Contains non-reactive dyestuffs Flashpoint: 30°C (86°F)
UV max: 350 nm
[945761-08-0] HMIS: 2-3-1-X 1.0g 5g
SIT8187.0
N-(TRIETHOXYSILYLPROPYL)DANSYLAMIDE
5-DIMETHYLAMINO-N-(3-TRIETHOXYSILYLPROPYL)NAPTHALENE-1-SULFONAMIDE
C21H34N2O5SSi 454.66 115-9° / 0.1 1.12 1.5421
Viscous liquid
UV max: 222(s), 256, 354
O
Fluorescent - employed as a tracer in UV cure composites
Soluble in toluene, tetrahydrofuran
HN Si
O Fluorescence probe for crosslinking in silicones.1
O S O O Employed in a chemically modified logic gate.2
1. Leezenberg, P. et al. Chem. Mater. 1995, 7, 1784.

2. Mu, L. et al. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 2009, 48, 3469.
[70880-05-6] TSCA EC 274-980-5 HMIS: 2-1-1-X 1.0g

SIT8191.0
3-(TRIETHOXYSILYLPROPYL)-p-NITROBENZAMIDE
C16H26N2O6Si 370.48 (54-5°) 1.5127
UV max: 224, 260, 292(s)
O Used to prepare diazotizable supports for enzyme immobilization.1
H O
O N Si
O
N+
O O-
1. Weetall, H. U.S. Patent 3,652,761, 1972.

[60871-86-5] TSCA EC 262-508-0 HMIS: 2-1-1-X 25g
SIT8192.4
(R)-N-TRIETHOXYSILYLPROPYL-O-QUININEURETHANE, 95%
C30H45N3O6Si 571.79 (82-4°)
UV max: 236(s), 274, 324, 334
Fluorescent, optically active silane
Soluble: warm toluene
O
O N
Si N O
O H
O
O
[200946-85-6] HMIS: 2-1-1-X 5g
Chiral Silanes
SIP6731.5
O (R)-N-1-PHENYLETHYL-N'-TRIETHOXYSILYLPROPYLUREA
O
C18H32N2O4Si 368.55 1.0525
N N Si
H H
O
O Viscous liquid or solid Flashpoint: >110°C (>230°F)
Optically active silane; treated surfaces resolve enantiomers
[131206-15-0] HMIS: 2-1-0-X 25g
SIP6731.6
O (S)-N-1-PHENYLETHYL-N'-TRIETHOXYSILYLPROPYLUREA
O
C18H32N2O4Si 368.55 1.0525
N N Si
H H
O
O Viscous liquid or solid Flashpoint: >110°C (>230°F)
Optically active silane; treated surfaces resolve enantiomers
[67240-22-2] HMIS: 2-1-0-X 25g
SIT8190.0
O (S)-N-TRIETHOXYSILYLPROPYL-O-MENTHOCARBAMATE
H O
O N Si C20H41NO5Si 406.63 0.98525 1.4526
O Optically active
[68479-61-8] TSCA EC 270-863-8 HMIS: 2-1-1-X 10g
SIT8192.4
(R)-N-TRIETHOXYSILYLPROPYL-O-QUININEURETHANE, 95%
C30H45N3O6Si 571.79 (82-4°)
UV max: 236(s), 274, 324, 334
Fluorescent, optically active silane
Soluble: warm toluene
O
O N
Si N O
O H
O
O
[200946-85-6] HMIS: 2-1-1-X 5g

Biomolecular Probes
SIA0120.2
N-(ACETYLGLYCYL)-3-AMINOPROPYLTRIMETHOXYSILANE, 5% in methanol
O C10H22N2O5Si
O
O
278.38 (171-3°) 0.80
H
NEW
N
H O Amino acid-tipped silane
O
[1274903-53-5] HMIS: 3-4-1-X 25g
SIA0126.0
O 3-(N-ACETYL-4-HYDROXYPROLYLOXY)PROPYLTRIETHOXYSILANE, 25% in ethanol
O C16H31NO7Si 377.51 0.872
O
N Flashpoint: 15°C (59°F)
NEW
O Si
O
O Amino acid-tipped silane
Hydrophilic reagent for biomimetic surface modification
HO
[1300591-79-0] HMIS: 2-3-0-X 5g
SIA0127.0
N-(N-ACETYLLEUCYL)-3-AMINOPROPYLTRIETHOXYSILANE, 12-15% in ethanol
O C17H36N2O5Si 376.58 0.816
NEW
O
NH HN Si Hydrophobic amino acid-tipped silane
O [1367348-25-1] HMIS: 2-3-1-X 2.5g
O O
SIT7909.7
O O (3-(3-THYMINYL)PROPIONOXY)PROPYLTRIMETHOXYSILANE
O
C14H24N2O7Si 360.44
N O Si
O
O Derivatized surfaces bind adenine modified polymers.1
N O
H 1. Viswanathan, K. et al. Polymer Preprints 2005, 4602, 1133.
[879197-67-8] HMIS: 2-2-1-X 1.0g
SIT8012.0
O-DL-a-TOCOPHEROLYLPROPYLTRIETHOXYSILANE, tech-90
C38H70O5Si 635.04 0.956 1.485
HMIS: 2-2-1-X 10g
O
O
Si
O
O
O

Trihydrosilanes
Silyl Hydrides are a distinct class of silanes that behave and react very differently than conventional
silane coupling agents. They react with the liberation of byproduct hydrogen. Silyl hydrides can react
with hydroxylic surfaces under both non-catalyzed and catalyzed conditions by a dehydrogenative
coupling mechanism1,2. Trihydridosilanes react with a variety of pure metal surfaces including
gold, titanium, zirconium and amorphous silicon, by a dissociative adsorption mechanism.3 The
reactions generally take place at room temperature and can be conducted in the vapor phase
or with the pure silane or solutions of the silane in aprotic solvents. Deposition should not be
conducted in water, alcohol or protic solvents.
1. Fadeev, A. et al. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1999, 121, 12184.
2. N. Morita, N. et al. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2014, 136, 11370.
3. B. Arkles, B. et al. J. Adhesion Sci. Technol. 2012, 26, 141.
H SIB1907.8
H 11-BROMOUNDECYLSILANE
C11H25BrSi
Br Si
265.31 100-2° / 0.5 1.02
NEW
Forms SAMs on titanium, gold and silicon surfaces.1
11 H 1. Arkles, B. et al. J. Adhes. Sci. Technol. 2012, 26, 41.
[469904-33-4] HMIS: 2-3-1-X 5g
SIC2268.5
H
H 2-CHLOROETHYLSILANE
C2H7ClSi 94.61 69-71° 0.904 1.4232
Si
NEW
Cl Intermediate for H3SiCl; employed in CVD of SiN.1
H 1. Arkles, B. et al. U.S. Patent 5,968,611, 1999.
[18165-19-0] HMIS: 3-4-1-X store <5°C 10g
H SID4629.6
DODECYLSILANE
Si
C12H28Si 200.44 80° / 7 0.7753 1.43825
H
10 Forms SAMs on gold and titanium surfaces
H [872-19-5] HMIS: 2-2-1-X 10g
SIO6635.0
n-OCTADECYLSILANE
C18H40Si 284.60 195° / 15 (29°) 0.794
H Contains 4-6% C18 isomers Flashpoint: >110°C (>230°F)
H Forms self-assembled monolayers on titanium.1
Si Reacts onto a gold surface to form monolayers of long alkyl chains.2
Forms SAMs on titanium, gold and silicon surfaces.3
16
H 1. Fadea, A. et al. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1989, 121, 12184.
2. Owens, T. M. et al. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2002, 124, 6800.
3. Arkles, B. et al. J. Adhes. Sci. Technol. 2012, 26, 41.
SIT8173.0
F F (TRIDECAFLUORO-1,1,2,2-TETRAHYDROOCTYL)SILANE
H C8H7F13Si 378.21 75° / 25 1.446 1.3184
F Provides vapor-phase hydrophobic surfaces on titanium, gold, silicon
5 Si
F H
[469904-32-3] HMIS: 3-3-1-X 10g
F H
H SIU9048.0
10-UNDECENYLSILANE
Si C11H24Si 184.40 0.76825 1.441525
8 H Forms self-assembled monolayers on gold
H HMIS: 2-3-1-X 2.5g
Dipodal Silyl Hydrides

SIB1770.0
1,2-BIS(TETRAMETHYLDISILOXANYL)ETHANE, 95%
O Si H
Si C10H30O2Si4 294.69 90-5° / 20 0.845 1.41
Si
H Si O [229621-70-9] HMIS: 2-2-1-X 25g
SID4593.5
H 1,10-DISILADECANE
H H
Si C8H22Si2 174.44 35° / 0.3 0.772 1.4461
Si
H H [4364-10-7] HMIS: 2-3-1-X 10g
H

Dipodal Silanes - Non-Functional

SIB1660.0
BIS[(3-METHYLDIMETHOXYSILYL)PROPYL]POLYPROPYLENE OXIDE
COMMERCIAL
O
O 600-800 1.00 1.45225
O Si
Si O
O
Viscosity: 6,000-10,000 cSt. Flashpoint: >110°C (>230°F)
O n Hydrophilic dipodal silane
With tin catalyst forms moisture-cross-linkable resins
[75009-88-0] TSCA HMIS: 3-1-1-X 100g 2kg 18kg
SIB1817.0
1,2-BIS(TRIETHOXYSILYL)ETHANE
HEXAETHOXYDISILETHYLENE, BSE
C14H34O6Si2 354.59 96° / 0.3 (-33°) 0.957 1.4052
ΔHvap: 101.5 kJ/mole Flashpoint: 107°C (225°F)
TOXICITY: oral rat, LD50: 161 mg/kg
Additive to silane coupling agents formulations that enhances hydrolytic stability
O O Employed in corrosion resistant coatings/primers for steel and aluminum. 1,2
COMMERCIAL
O Sol-gels of α,ω-bis(trimethoxysilyl)alkanes reported.3
Si Si Component in evaporation-induced self-assembly of mesoporous structures.4
O
Forms mesoporous, derivatizeable molecular sieves.5,6
O O Hydrolysis kinetics studied.7
1. Van Ooij, W. et al. J. Adhes. Sci. Technol. 1997, 11, 29.
2. Van Ooij, W. et al. Chemtech 1999, 28, 3302.
3. Loy, D. A. et al. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1999, 121, 5413.
4. Lu, Y. et al. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2000, 122, 5258.
5. Molde, B. et al. Chem. Mater. 1999, 11, 3302.
6. Cho, E. et al. Chem. Mater. 2004, 16, 270.
7. Diaz-Benito, B. Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical Aspects 2010, 369, 53.
SIB1821.0
BIS(TRIETHOXYSILYL)METHANE
O O 4,4,6,6-TETRAETHOXY-3,7-DIOXA-4,6-DISILANONANE
O O C13H32O6Si2 340.56 114-5° / 3.5 0.9741 1.4098
Si Si Intermediate for sol-gel coatings, hybrid inorganic-organic polymers
O O Forms methylene-bridged mesoporous structures.1
Forms modified silica membranes that separate propylene/propane mixtures.2
1. Zhang, W. et al. Chem. Mater. 2005, 17, 6407.
2. Kanezashi, M. et al. J. Membr. Sci. 2012, 415-416, 478.
[18418-72-9] TSCA-L HMIS: 3-2-1-X 5g 25g 100g
SIB1824.0
1,8-BIS(TRIETHOXYSILYL)OCTANE
O
C20H46O6Si2 438.76 172-5° / 0.75 0.926 1.4240
O O
Si Employed in sol-gel synthesis of mesoporous structures
Si
O
O
O Crosslinker for moisture-cure silicone RTVs with improved environmental resistance
Sol-gels of α,ω-bis(trialkoxysilyl)alkanes reported.1
1. Loy, D.A. et al. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1999, 121, 5413.
[52217-60-4] TSCA HMIS: 2-1-1-X 25g 100g 2kg
SIB1829.0
O 1,2-BIS(TRIMETHOXYSILYL)DECANE
O Si O C16H38O6Si2 382.65 130-2° / 0.4 0.984 1.4303
Pendant dipodal silane; employed in high pH HPLC
Employed in the fabrication of luminescent molecular thermometers.1
O Si O
1. Brites, C. et al. New J. Chem. 2011, 35, 1173.
O
[832079-33-1] TSCA-L HMIS: 3-2-1-X 25g 100g
SIB1830.0
1,2-BIS(TRIMETHOXYSILYL)ETHANE
C8H22O6Si2 270.43 103-4° / 5 1.068 1.4091
O O CAUTION: INHALATION HAZARD
O AIR TRANSPORT FORBIDDEN
Si Si Flashpoint: 65°C (149°F)
O
TOXICITY: ihl rat, LC50: 2.4 ppm
O O Vapor pressure, 20°: 0.08 mm
Employed in fabrication of multilayer printed circuit boards.1
1. Palladino, J. U.S. Patent 5,073,456, 1991.
SIB1831.0
BIS(TRIMETHOXYSILYLETHYL)BENZENE, tech-95
O
O C16H30O6Si2 374.58 148-50° / 0.1 1.08 1.4734
Si
O Mixed isomers Flashpoint: 193°C (379°F)
O
Si Forms high refractive index coatings
O
O Forms resins that absorb organics from aqueous media.1
1. Edmiston, P. et al. Sep. Purif. Technol. 2009, 66, 532.
[266317-71-9] TSCA HMIS: 2-1-0-X 10g 50g 2kg

SIB1832.0
1,6-BIS(TRIMETHOXYSILYL)HEXANE
O
O O C12H30O6Si2 326.54 161° / 2 1.014 1.4213
Si
O O
O Sol-Gels of α,ω-bis(trimethoxysilyl)alkanes reported.1
1. Loy, D.A. et al. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1999, 121, 5413.
[87135-01-1] HMIS: 3-2-1-X 10g 50g 2kg
SIT8185.8
1-(TRIETHOXYSILYL)-2-(DIETHOXYMETHYLSILYL)ETHANE
O O
COMMERCIAL
C13H32O5Si 324.56 100° / 0.5 0.946 1.4112
Si Dipodal silane Flashpoint: 102°C (216°F)
Si
O TOXICITY: oral rat, LD50: >500 mg/kg
O O Lower toxicity, easier to handle than bis(triethoxysilyl)ethane
Improves hydrolytic stability of silane adhesion promotion systems
[18418-54-7] TSCA HMIS: 2-1-1-X 25g 100g 2kg
Organosilane-Modified Silica Nanoparticles

A range of silica structures from 20 nm to 1 micron have been modified with silanes to reduce
hydroxyl content allowing improved dispersion. Other versions have monolayers with isolated
secondary amine functionality, providing controlled interactions with resins. Systems that maintain
low levels of hydroxyls have improved electrical properties. Introduction of low levels of secondary
amines impart improved mechanical properties particularly in high humidity environments.
OH
SIS6960.0
OH SILICON DIOXIDE, amorphous
Fumed silica
COMMERCIAL
OH
OH
SiO2 60.09 (>1,600°) 2.2 1.46
OH Ultimate particle size: 12 - 20 nm TOXICITY: oral rat, LD50: 8,160 mg/kg
OH
OH Surface area, 200 m2/g γc: 44 mN/m
OH
Isoelectric point: 2.2 Bulk density: ~50 g/l
OH OH pH, (4% aqueous slurry): 3.5-4.5
[112945-52-5] TSCA HMIS: 2-0-0-X 500g 2kg
SIS6962.0
SILICON DIOXIDE, amorphous, HEXAMETHYLDISILAZANE TREATED
Fumed silica, HMDZ treated
COMMERCIAL
SiO2 60.09 (>1,600°) 2.2 1.45
Surface area, 150-200 m2/g Carbon content: 3%
Calculated ratio: (CH3)3Si/HO-Si: 2/1
= (CH3)3Si- = trimethylsilyl group
[68909-20-6]/[7631-86-9] TSCA EC 272-697-1 HMIS: 2-0-0-X 500g 2kg

SIS6962.1M30
SILICON DIOXIDE, amorphous, HEXAMETHYLDISILAZANE TREATED
Fumed silica, HMDZ treated
COMMERCIAL
SiO2 60.09 (>1,600°) 2.2 1.45
Surface area, 150-200 m2/g Carbon content: 2-3%
Calculated ratio: (CH3)3Si/HO-Si: 1/1
= (CH3)3Si- = trimethylsilyl group
[68909-20-6]/[7631-86-9] TSCA EC 272-697-1 HMIS: 2-0-0-X 500g 2kg

SIS6962.1N30
SILICON DIOXIDE, amorphous, CYCLIC AZASILANE/HEXAMETHYLDISILAZANE TREATED
SiO2 60.09 (>1,600°) 2.2 1.45
Surface area, 150-200 m2/g Carbon content: 4-7%
Calculated ratio: CH3NHCH2CH2CH2Si/(CH3)3Si/HO-Si: 1/2/1
NH-CH3
= CH3NHCH2CH2CH2Si(CH3)2
TSCA HMIS: 2-0-0-X 500g
Gelest provides custom surface treatment services. We can handle a wide range
of materials with special process considerations including: inert atmospheres,
highly flammable and corrosive treatments, as well as thermal and vacuum drying.

Surface Modification with Silanes: What’s not covered in “Silane Coupling Agents”?
Chlorosilane, silazane and dialkylaminosilane coupling agents are not discussed in this brochure. These materials
can be found in the Gelest catalog entitled “Silicon Compounds: Silanes & Silicones.” The use of these materials
is limited commercially due to the difficulty in handling the corrosive, flammable or toxic byproducts associated with
hydrolysis.
Hydrophobic, Hydrophilic and Polar silanes, although important in surface modification, do not have reative organic
functionality and are not discussed with coupling agents. Please see the Gelest brochure entitled “Hydrophobicity,
Hydrophilicity and Silane Surface Modification” includes these materials.
Further Reading
Silane Coupling Agents - General References and Proceedings
1. B. Arkles, Tailoring Surfaces with Silanes, CHEMTECH, 7, 766-778, 1977
2. E. Plueddemann, “Silane Coupling Agents,” Plenum, 1982.
3. K. Mittal, “Silanes and Other Coupling Agents,” VSP, 1992.
4. D. Leyden and W. Collins, “Silylated Surfaces,” Gordon & Breach, 1980.
5. D. E. Leyden, “Silanes, Surfaces and Interfaces,” Gordon & Breach 1985.
6. J. Steinmetz and H. Mottola, “Chemically Modified Surfaces,” Elsevier, 1992.
7. J. Blitz and C. Little, “Fundamental & Applied Aspects of Chemically Modified Surfaces,” Royal Society of Chemistry, 1999.
8. B. Arkles, Y. Pan, G. Larson, M. Singh, Chemistry - A European Journal, 20, 9442-9450, 2014.
Substrate Chemistry - General References and Proceedings

9. R. Iler, “The Chemistry of Silica,” Wiley, 1979.
10. S. Pantelides, G. Lucovsky, “SiO2 and Its Interfaces,” MRS Proc. 105, 1988.
Molecular Weight
Product Information Refractive Index
Product Code Boiling point/mm

(Melting Point)
Specific Gravity
Product Name
Empirical Formula
SIA0540.0
25 25 Other
ALLYLTRIMETHOXYSILANE 162.26 146-8 0.963 1.4036
OCH 3 Physical
C6H14O3Si Flashpoint: 46°C (115°F)
H 2C CHCH 2Si OCH 3 Adhesion promoter for vinyl-addition silicones Properties
OCH 3 Allylation of ketones, aldehydes and imines w/ dual activation of a Lewis Acid and fluoride ion.1
1. Yamasaki, S.; et al. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2002, 124 , 6536.
References
F&F: Vol 18, p 14; Vol 19, p 360; Vol 20, p 85; Vol 21, p 3, Vol 12, p 395
HYDROLYTIC SENSITIVITY: 7 reacts slowly with moisture/water
[2551-83-9] TSCA EC 219-855-8 HMIS: 3-2-1-X 10g $28.00 50g $112.00 2kg $840.00
Hazardous Material Information

CAS # System Ratings (Health-Flammability-Reactivity) See Below
European Registration #
Indicates Product Listed

in TSCA Inventory (E= Exempt - Naturally Occurring Substance)
(L= Low Volume Exemption)
(S= Significant New Use Restriction)
HYDROLYTIC SENSITIVITY: 10 most sensitive to water; 0 least sensitive (see p.13 for details)
Commercial Status—produced on a regular basis for inventory

Developmental Status—available to support development
New Products—available to support development
Gelest Product Lines
Silicon Compounds: Silanes & Silicones
608 page handbook of silane and silicone chemistry includes scholarly reviews as
well as detailed application information.
Metal-Organics for Material & Polymer Technology

A reference manual for optical and electronic and nanotechnology applications.
applications of silicon, germanium, aluminum, gallium, copper and other metal

chemistries. Deposition techniques include ALD, CVD, spin coating and self-
assembled monolayers (SAMs). Presents chemistry and physics in the context
of device applications ranging from ULSI semiconductors to DNA array devices
Reactive Silicones – Forging New Polymer Links
coatings, membranes, cured rubbers and adhesives for mechanical, optical,
silicones as well as physical property shortens product development time for

chemists and engineers.
Silicone Fluids – Stable, Inert Media
available in viscosities ranging from 0.65 to 2,500,000 cSt.
A description of non-functional silanes that are used to prepare hydrophobic

and water repellent surfaces, as well as polar and hydroxylic silanes used to
prepare wettable surfaces.
Copyright 2014, Gelest Inc.

11 East Steel Road
Morrisville, PA 19067
USA
Tel: (215) 547-1015
Toll-Free: (888) 734-8344
Fax: (215) 547-2484
Internet: www.gelest.com
46 Pickering Street Stroofstrasse 27 Geb.2901

Maidstone 65933 Frankfurt am Main
Kent ME15 9RR Germany
United Kingdom Tel: +49-(0)-69-3800-2150
Tel: +44-(0)-1622-741115 Fax: +49-(0)-69-3800-2300
Fax: +44-(0)-8701-308421 Email: [email protected]
Email: [email protected] Internet: www.gelestde.com

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Silane Coupling Agents

Connecting Across Boundaries

Improve Polymer and

Enhance Adhesive Bonding

Increase Electrical Properties

Maximize Composite Strength

Increase Mechanical Properties

For further information consult our web site at: www.gelest.com

In Mainland China: In South-East Asia:

Silane Coupling Agents: Connecting Across Boundaries (3rd Edition)

Organofunctional Linker Silicon Hydrolyzable Si

The general formula for a silane coupling agent typically Trialkoxysilane

2 Please visit us at www.gelest.com

Hydrolytic Deposition of Silanes

Contact us today! 215-547-1015 • [email protected] 3

Hydrolytic Stability of the bond formed

4 Please visit us at www.gelest.com

Critical Surface Tension and Adhesion Critical surface tensions

Contact us today! 215-547-1015 • [email protected] 5

dehydrogenative coupling. PDMS

6 Please visit us at www.gelest.com

Selecting a Silane Coupling Agent:

Acrylates, methacrylates and Unsaturated Polyesters, radical

Polyethylene Graft Coupling Reaction

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silanes, may be used to treat the filler directly or integrally

Amine and alkanolamine functional silanes, on the other

Isocyanate functional silanes couple with the polyol. NCO

Alkanolamine functional silanes react with the isocyanate to

coupled urethane system is improving bond strength with

Moisture-Cureable Urethanes Polyurethane Coupling Reactions

properties of the cured resin. A large application area is glass +

cloth-reinforced epoxy laminates and prepregs in aerospace O

two-step systems called novolaks. Although foundry and

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Thermoplastic Condensation Polymers

greatest mechanical strength of the thermoplastics, allowing O O

Thermoplastic Polyester Coupling Reaction

Contact us today! 215-547-1015 • [email protected] 9

Finally, an oxygen plasma treatment prior to applying

(CH2CH)m (CH2CH)n(CH2CH CHCH 2)p

10 Please visit us at www.gelest.com

T. Den et al, in “Silanes, Surfaces, Interfaces” D. Leyden ed., 1986 p403.

HO CH2 Si OC2H5 SIH6175.0 CH2CH2CH2CH2 Si Cl

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Functional Dipodal Silanes

Non-functional Dipodal Silanes

Effect of dipodal –SiCH2CH2Si- on the bond strength of a

Contact us today! 215-547-1015 • [email protected] 13

14 Please visit us at www.gelest.com

Figure 2: Extent of reaction of organosilanes with fumed silica.

3800 3600 3400 3200 3000 2800 2600

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Thermal Stability of Silanes

Flexible multi-layer circuit boards for cell phones utilize

25% weight loss of dried hydrolysates as determined by TGA

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Aqueous Systems & Water-borne Silanes

Acrylate and Methacrylate Functional Silanes............................................. 29