Linear Electrical Machines

Linear Electrical Machines
S. Osei Fobi
Department of Computer and Electrical Engineering, UENR, Sunayni
S. Osei Fobi (ECEE) LEM 1 / 12

1 Introduction
2 Linear Induction Motor (LIM)

Introduction
Conventionally, motor drive systems coupled with belt
and other mechanisms were used to provide linear
motions in applications requiring linear motions.

Introduction
Linear electric motors have gained considerable

attention

Introduction

attention
The electromagnetic thrust can be applied to the

load directly.

Introduction

attention
The electromagnetic thrust can be applied to the

load directly.
This ensures higher accuracy, less friction and low

mechanical maintenance and longer life
Applications requiring translational motion include
transport systems.

transport systems.
Linear electrical machines eliminate the need for extra

means for converting rotation motion to linear
motion.

transport systems.

motion.
Examples of Linear electrical machines are

Linear induction motor (LIM)

transport systems.

motion.
Examples of Linear electrical machines are

Linear induction motor (LIM)
Linear synchronous motor (LSM)
Linear Reluctance Motor (LRM)
Linear Levitation Motor (LLM)
DC Linear Motor (DCLM)

1 Introduction
2 Linear Induction Motor (LIM)

Construction and Operation
This is a linear version of the induction motor.

If produce linear or translational motion.

Consider, cutting the rotary machine (along x-y in

figure 1), a linear induction is obtained.


We will use the terms primary and secondary

instead of stator and rotor respectively


We will use the terms primary and secondary

instead of stator and rotor respectively
Rotating field is created,in the air gap, in a rotary

induction machine, if the stator is supplied with a
three-phase supply
Figure 1: (a)Rotary induction motor (b)Iinear induction motor

If a three-phase supply is connected to the primary of
the LIM, a traveling field is created, that travels
along the length of the primary

The traveling field will induce current in the

conductor on the secondary part.


The induced current will interact the traveling field to

produce a translational force, F .


The induced current will interact the traveling field to

produce a translational force, F .
If the secondary is free to move, the secondary will

follow the traveling field.
NB: Either the primary or secondary can be made

stationary and the other mobile.

NB: Either the primary or secondary can be made

stationary and the other mobile.
When the primary is the runner, appropriate means

must be provide for supplying electrical power.

Performance
The synchronous velocity/speed is
Vs = 2Pp f m/s (1)
Pp is the pole pitch
f is the supply frequency

Performance
Vs = 2Pp f m/s (1)
The synchronous speed is independent of the number

of poles.

Performance
Vs = 2Pp f m/s (1)
The synchronous speed is independent of the number

of poles.
The slip is given as

Vs − V
s= (2)
Vs
V is the speed of the runner.
Performance
The per-phase equivalent circuit has the same form

the rotary induction motor.

Performance

The force is given by

air gap power, Pg
F =
synchronous velocity, Vs
3I202 R2
= N (3)
sVs
Performance

The force is given by

air gap power, Pg
F =
synchronous velocity, Vs
3I202 R2
= N (3)
sVs

Performance
The air gap is relatively large. Hence, Xm is relatively

low.

Performance

low.
Hence, excitation current is high and power factor is

low.

Performance

low.

low.
The LIM operates at a larger slip.

Performance

low.

low.
The LIM operates at a larger slip.
The losses in the secondary is high, making the

efficiency low.

Advantages
Simple Construction

Advantages
Simple Construction
Low maintenance cost

Advantages
Simple Construction
No centrifugal force; hence, unlimited maximum

speed

Advantages
Simple Construction

speed
Overheating of stationary part is eliminated

Advantages
Simple Construction

speed
Tractive effort is independent of speed

Advantages
Simple Construction

speed
Tractive effort is independent of speed
Higher power to weight ratio

Disadvantages
High capital cost

Disadvantages
High capital cost
Less power factor

Disadvantages
High capital cost
Less power factor
Attractive force between primary and secondary

Linear Electrical Machines

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Linear Electrical Machines

S. Osei Fobi (ECEE) LEM 1 / 12

2 Linear Induction Motor (LIM)

S. Osei Fobi (ECEE) LEM 2 / 12

S. Osei Fobi (ECEE) LEM 3 / 12

Linear electric motors have gained considerable

S. Osei Fobi (ECEE) LEM 3 / 12

Linear electric motors have gained considerable

The electromagnetic thrust can be applied to the

S. Osei Fobi (ECEE) LEM 3 / 12

Linear electric motors have gained considerable

The electromagnetic thrust can be applied to the

This ensures higher accuracy, less friction and low

S. Osei Fobi (ECEE) LEM 4 / 12