RviY-weRviY

সম্পর্ক হ োর্ স য োগিতোর 1 D™¢vm-D‡b¥l শিক্ষা পশিবাি

 RviY-weRviY
wcÖq wk¶v_©x eÜziv,
RviY-weRviY Avgv‡`i Chemistry cvV¨µ‡g so important GKwU chapter. GB †jKPvi sheet G Avwg utmost ‡Póv K‡iwQ
welqwU‡K real life Gi mv‡_ match Kivi Rb¨ hvi LvwbKUv portion ‡Zvgv‡`i Kv‡Q unscientific g‡b n‡Z cv‡i| Z‡e GUv‡K AZUv
importance bv w`‡q †Zvgiv main welqwU‡K priority w`‡e e‡j Avgvi wek¦vm| GKwU example w`‡j total e¨vcviUv clear n‡q hv‡e|
GKUv Kvwnbx ejwQ ÖA¨v‡gw`I A¨v‡fv‡M‡Wªv hLb wek¦we`¨vj‡qi student, ZLb GKw`b K¨v¤úv‡mi Z…Zxq Zjvq cvkvcvwk `yBwU room
‡`L‡Z †c‡jb| GKwU iæ‡gi AvqZb Ab¨wUi mgvb| GKwU room G A.C ‡Z ZvcgvÎv 20C , Ab¨ iæ‡gI temperature same. GB
iæ‡g teacher hZUv Kov I covïbv‡Z hZUv pressure create K‡ib, Ab¨ iæ‡gI covïbvi Pvc GKB| nVvr `kRb student G‡m mgvb
`y×fvM n‡q cuvPRb K‡i `yB iæ‡g cÕ‡ek Ki‡jv| A¨v‡fv‡M‡Wªv fve‡jb, GKB ZvcgvÎv I covïbvi Pv‡c mgAvqZb wewkó mKj classroom
G mgvb msL¨K student _v‡K| Avwe®‹„Z n‡jv †mB weL¨vZ m~Î,
ÖGKB ZvcgvÎv I Pv‡c mgAvqZb wewkó mKj M¨v‡m mgvb msL¨K AYy _v‡K|Ó
MíwU KvíwbK, wKš` theme wU realizable. A¨v‡fv‡M‡Wªv KL‡bvB nq‡Zv GBiKg AvR¸we wPšÍv †_‡K m~ÎwU †`bwb| Zey Avgiv hviv wk‣v_©x,
welqwU‡K eySvi I g‡b ivLvi Rb¨ GB ai‡bi wPšÍv Ki‡ZB cvwi| D™¢U A_P cÕvmw½K GB me wPšÍvB G‡b ‡`‡e bZzb †Kvb ˆeÁvwbK gZev`|
GB Avkv e¨³ K‡iB ïiæ KiwQ RviY weRviY (Oxidation-reduction)

RviY
ÔRviY× kãwUi A_© n‡”Q ÔQvob× ( e  Qvob)
e  †h‡nZz FYvZ¥K PvR© wewkó ZvB Avgiv ai‡Z cvwi e  Lvivc wRwbm| †KD †Kvb Lvivc Af¨vm Z¨vM Ki‡j AvPiYMZfv‡e fvj n‡q hvq|
GKBfv‡e weRviK e  Z¨vM K‡i fvj nq (GLv‡b fvj nIqv ej‡Z RviY gv‡bi e„w× †evSv‡”Q|)

Nao - e- Na+1 RviY e- Qvob

weRviK Mgo - 2e- Mg2+ RviY gvb evob
Fe2+ - e- Fe3+

weRviY
ÔweRviY× A_© n‡”Q Ô e  MÖnYÕ| e  Lvivc wRwbm weavq MÕnY Ki‡j Lvivc n‡q hvq Ges RviY gvb wb‡P †b‡g hvq|

So + 2e- S2-
weRviY e- MÖnY
RviK Mn7+ + 5e- Mn2+ RviY gvb n«vm
Cr6+ + 3e- Cr3+

weRviK RvwiZ nq
Gevi K_v n‡”Q ÔweRviK× Kviv? hv‡`i AYy‡Z Aew¯’Z †Kvb Avq‡Yi/cigvYyi e  Qvovi †hvM¨Zv i‡q‡Q (!) hv‡`i eZ©gv‡b RviY gvb Kg wKš`
RviY gvb AwaK n‡Z cv‡i Zviv RvwiZ nq|
FeSO 4 Gi Fe 2 Av‡iv GKwU e  Qvo‡Z cv‡i| Fe 2  e  Fe 3
me avZz¸‡jvB weRviK nq| K  e   K 
Al  3e  Al 3
FYvZ¥K Avqb wewkó (H 2S, H 2 O 2 , KI, NaI ) Giv weRviK KviY G‡`i S2 , O , I  e  Z¨vM K‡i cvcgy³ (!) nq|

সম্পর্ক হ োর্ স য োগিতোর 2 D™¢vm-D‡b¥l শিক্ষা পশিবাি

 RviY-weRviY

RviK weRvwiZ nq
hviv RviY gv‡bi m‡e©v”P mxgvq †cu؇Q †M‡Q A_©vr, hviv Avi e  Z¨vM K‡i fvj n‡Z cvi‡ebv ZvivB e  MÕnY K‡i weRvwiZ nq I RviY
gv‡bi n«vm N‡U|
KMnO 4 Gi Mn 7  5e  Mn 2
Fe3  e  Fe 2
AavZz¸‡jv RviK nq| Cl 2  2e  2Cl 
O  2e   O2
RviY-weRviY wewµqvq B‡jKUª‡bi ¯’vbvšÍi mwVKfv‡e j‣¨ Kivi Rb¨ cigvYy¸‡jvi RviY msL¨vi aviYv cÕeZ©b Kiv n‡q‡Q|
ivmvqwbK e܇bi †giæcÕeY ˆewkó¨ we‡ePbvq †i‡L KZ¸‡jv wbw`©ó wbqg AbymiY K‡i †h؇M Aew¯’Z cigvYy¸‡jvi cÕwZ †h AvbyôvwbK PvR©
Av‡ivc Kiv nq Zv‡K RviY msL¨v e‡j|
 RviY gvb wbY©‡qi wbqg t
P‡jv wKQz ¸iæM¤¢xi theory n‡q hvK|
wbw`©ó wbqg¸‡jv wb¤œiƒc t
(1) ivmvqwbK ms‡hvMgy³ mKj cigvYy Ges †g؇ji AYy‡Z Aew¯’Z mKj cigvYyi RviY msL¨v k~b¨|
(2) ‡h؇Mi AYy‡Z Aew¯’Z mKj cigvYyi RviY msL¨vi †hvMdj k~b¨|
(3) GK-cigvYyK †h-‡Kvb Avq‡bi RviY msL¨v H Avq‡bi Pv‡R©i mgvb| eû-cigvYyK †h †Kvb Avq‡b Aew¯’Z cigvYyi RviY msL¨vi †hvMdj
H Avq‡bi Pv‡R©i mgvb|
(4) avZe nvBWªvBW ( NaH , CaH 2 ) ev‡` Ab¨ mKj †h؇M nvB‡Wªv‡R‡bi RviY gvb  1 | avZe nvBWªvB‡W GB gvb  1
(5) mKj ‡d¬vwibhy³ †h؇M ‡d¬vwi‡bi RviY msL¨v  1
(6) wZbwU e¨wZµgx †‣Î ev‡` mKj †h؇M Aw•‡R‡bi RviY msL¨v  2 | e¨wZµgx †‣θ‡jv wb‡P D‡jøL Kiv n‡jv t
(i) OF2 †Z O Gi RviY gvb  2 (ii) Na 2 O 2 G O Gi RviY gvb  1
1
(iii) KO 2 G O Gi RviY gvb 
2
GLv‡b cy‡iv AskUzKy Avwg eB †_‡K copy and paste K‡iwQ| cÕK…Zc‡‣ example Qvov †Kvb wKQz KwVbfv‡e eY©bv Kiv AbywPZ ZvB Gevi
†Zvgiv cÕwZwU wbq‡gi example ¸‡jv follow Ki| (easy jvM‡e)|
1. Na, Mg , Ca gy³ avZz ZvB G‡`i RviY gvb k~b¨| Cl 2 , Br2 , O 2 I N 2 G Cl, Br, O, N Gi RviY gvb k~b¨|
2. NaCl G Na (1) I Cl(1) Gi RviY gv‡bi †hvMdj  (1  1)  0
K 4 [ Fe (CN) 6 ] G K(1), Fe(2), CN(1) Gi RviY gv‡bi †hvMdj  (1)  4  (2) 1  (1)  6  0
3. Cl  Gi RviY gvb  1, †d‡ivmvqvbvBW Gi RviY gvb  4 , ‡h‡nZz Fe(2), CN(1) ZvB AvqbwUi RviYgvb
 2  (1)  6  4
4. HCl G H  , HNO 3 G H  wKš` NaH G H  (nvBWªvBW)
5. NaF G F  Ges HF G F  Dcw¯’Z|

 RviY gvb wbY©q t

Na 2S4O6 (†mvwWqvg †UÆv _v‡qv‡bU) G S Gi RviY gvb KZ?
(1)  2  x  4  (2)  6  0 2  4x  12  0 4x  10 x  2.5

সম্পর্ক হ োর্ স য োগিতোর 3 D™¢vm-D‡b¥l শিক্ষা পশিবাি

 RviY-weRviY
A_©vr RviY gvb fMœvsk n‡Z cv‡i|

K 4 [Fe(CN)6 ] G Fe Gi RviY gvb KZ? (1)  4  x 1  (1)  6  0

4  x  6  0 x  2  Fe Gi RviY gvb  2
Fe(CO)5 G Fe Gi RviY gvb KZ?
x  0  5  0 x  0  Fe Gi RviY gvb k~b¨ (0)
A_©vr, RviY gvb k~b¨ n‡Z cv‡i|
Fe3O4 G Fe Gi †hvRbx h_vµ‡g 2 Ges 3 , KviY Fe3O4  (FeO  Fe 2O3 ) wKš` RviY gvb t
x  3  (2)  4  0 3x  8 x  2.667
A_©vr , RviY gvb I †hvRbx GKB bq
wb‡Pi AYy/Avqb¸‡jv‡Z wb¤œ‡iL †gØj¸‡jvi RviY msL¨v wnmve Ki|
2
H2 C2O4 , H2 O2 , N2 H4 , OF2 , IF7 , KIO3 , S2O3 , K 2 MnO4 , [Cu ( NH3 ) 4 ]SO 4 , K3[Fe(CN)6 ] ,
Ni(CO) 4 , HClO3
 wKQy cÖvmw½K cÖkœ I Zvi DËi t
** avZzi †ejvq RviY gvb abvZ¥K (+) Ges AavZzi †ejvq RviY gvb FYvZ¥K (-) n‡jv †Kb?
DËi t avZz Zvi ewnt¯’ kw³¯Í‡ii B‡jKUªb `vb K‡i| Na (11)  1s 2 2s 2 2p6 3s1
ewnt¯’ e  `v‡bi ci Av‡cw‣Kfv‡e GKwU †cÕvUb †ewk _v‡K|
Na (11)  e   Na  (11)  1s 2 2s 2 2p 6
‡h‡nZz e  Gi PvR© FYvZ¥K (Lvivc wRwbm!) ZvB †Q‡o w`‡j RviY gvb †e‡o hvq (fvj n‡q hvq!)
Cl(17) 1s 2 2s 2 2p6 3s 2 3p5
 
e  MÖnY Kivi ciciB Cl  (17)  1s 2 2s 2 2p6 3s 2 3p6 Cl Gi wK Kvi‡Y †hb AóK c~Y©c~Y© jvMwQj| GKUz ciB Cl
eyS‡Z cv‡i †m A¨vbvqb (Cl  ) n‡Z P‡j‡Q, KviY Na Gi e  †h GLb Zvi kw³¯Í‡i (!)
Na  I Cl  Gi RviY gv‡bi mgwó (1  1  0) k~b¨ ZvB NaCl †h؇Mi MVb nq|
** H 2S Gi H I S `y‡UvB AavZz n‡jI H Gi RviY gvb  1 Ges S Gi RviY gvb  2 †Kb? ( H wK Z‡e AavZe ag©
Z¨vM K‡i avZe ag© MÖnY K‡i‡Q?)

DËi t H I S e  †kqvi K‡i mg‡hvRx eÜb MVb K‡i| wKš` S Gi Zwor FYvZ¥KZv H Gi †P‡q †ewk(A_©vr S Gi
B‡jKUª‡bi cÕwZ †jvf †ekx)| ZvB †kqviK…Z e  `yBwU S Gi w`‡K AvswkK ¯’vbvšÍwiZ nq| mnR mij nvB‡Wªv‡Rb hvi m¤^j ej‡Z
GKwU gvÎ e  , Zv‡K mg‡hvRx e܇bi cÕ‡jvfb †`wL‡q Ges e  †kqvi Ki‡e GB Avk¦vm w`‡q mvjdvi AwaK Zwor FYvZ¥KZvi Kvi‡Y
wb‡Ri w`‡K e  †U‡b †bq (KË Lvivc ZvB bv! wek¦vmNvZK!!) wKš` Avgiv G‡Kev‡i ¯’vbvšÍwiZ a‡i wbB| A_©vr cÕK…Z PvR© I Av‡ivwcZ
PvR© GK K_v bq|

S
H+ S2-
+
H  H  H

Gevi Avgiv GKwU RviY-weRviY wewµqv wb‡q Av‡jvPbv Ki‡ev|

FeSO 4  KMnO 4  H 2 SO 4  ??
2
KMnO 4 hLb FeSO 4 Gi mv‡_ wewµqv Ki‡Z hv‡e ZLb wewµqvi myweav‡_© (!) GwmW wb‡e Z‡e †mUv FeSO 4 Gi SO 4 g~jK Abymv‡i n‡Z
n‡e A_©vr H 2SO 4 | FeCl 2 n‡j HCl wb‡Z n‡e| KviY wewµqv Ki‡Z †M‡j Lvwj nv‡Z †Zv hvIqv hvq bv (!)

সম্পর্ক হ োর্ স য োগিতোর 4 D™¢vm-D‡b¥l শিক্ষা পশিবাি

 RviY-weRviY
FeSO 4  KMnO 4  H 2SO 4  ??

Av‡mv Avgiv Box c×wZ‡Z RviY-weRviY eyS‡Z †Póv Kwi|

2
Fe 2 SO 4 K O 2 H SO 4
2

O 2 H
+ +  ??
Mn 7  O 2
O 2

2
K Gi RviY gvb w¯’i (K  ) ZvB GwU SO 4 Gi mv‡_ wewµqv K‡i K 2 SO 4 ˆZwi K‡i|

GBLv‡bB RvM‡jv Question : K  Gi RviY gvb w¯’i †Kb?

Answer : K GKwU s -eøK avZz| Na  , Mg 2 , Rb  , Ca 2 G‡`iI RviY gvb AcwieZ©bkxj|
2
Mn 7 , SO 4 mv‡_ wewµqv Ki‡j RviY gvb k~b¨ n‡e bv ((7  2)  0)
Mn 7 †K ZvB Mn 2 n‡Z n‡e (A_©vr, Lvivc n‡Z n‡e!) Mn GKwU d-eøK Ae¯’všÍi †gØj ZvB cwieZ©bkxj RviY gvb cÕ`k©b K‡i|
(Mn(25)  1s 2 2s 2 2p6 3s 2 3p6 4s 2 3d5 )

Av‡MB e‡jwQ e  Qvo‡j fvj nq (RviY gvb e„w× cvq) Avi e  MÕnY Ki‡j Lvivc nq (RviY gvb n«vm cvq)|
wKš` Mn 7 †Kv_vq cv‡e 5 wU e  ?? Mn 7 Gi Wv‡K e  Z¨vM Ki‡Z P‡j Av‡m Fe 2 | KviY Fe I d -eøK Ae¯’všÍi †gØj
(Fe(26)  1s 2 2s 2 2p6 3s 2 3p6 4s 2 3d 6 )
Fe 2  e  Fe 3 ( Fe Av‡M wQj  2 GLb RviY-Gi ci nj  3 , A_©vr fvj n‡q †M‡jv|

সম্পর্ক হ োর্ স য োগিতোর 5 D™¢vm-D‡b¥l শিক্ষা পশিবাি

 RviY-weRviY

5Fe 2  5e  5Fe3

Mn 7  5e  Mn 2
5Fe 2  Mn 7  5Fe3  Mn 2
Zvn‡j Avgiv wKQz †hØM m¤ú‡K© aviYv cvw”Q|
FeSO 4 + KMnO 4 + H 2SO 4  K 2SO 4 + MnSO 4 + Fe 2 (SO 4 )3 + ? ?
2
Fe 2 SO 4 K O 2 H SO 24 K SO 4
2
Mn 2 SO 4
2
Fe 3 SO 4
2

7
+ Mn O 2 + H  K + +3
+ Fe SO 4
2
+??
O 2 2
SO 4
O 2
2
c‡o iB‡jv ïay H  I O 2 | O 2 Gi m‡½ _vKv K  I Mn 7 , SO 4 Gi mv‡_ wewµqv K‡i bZzb †hØM MVb K‡i‡Q|
 2
Aciw`‡K H Gi SO 4 P‡j †M‡Q bZzb †h؇M|
RgvUevav Kó O 2 I H  Gi g‡b (wei‡n Zv‡`i †PvL †e‡q Mwo‡q c‡o AkÕæ!!!)
ZvB me‡k‡l cvwb Drcbœ nq| 2H   O2  H 2O

FeSO 4  KMnO 4  H2SO 4  K 2SO 4  MnSO 4  Fe 2 (SO 4 )3  H2O

Must Not Forget
The mgZvKi‡Yi wbqg t
(1) RviK, weRviK gva¨g (GwmW/‣vi/cÕkg) wPwýZ Ki‡Z n‡e|
( 2) Rvi‡Ki avZz¸‡jv ivmvqwbK mgxKi‡Yi Dfq cv‡k wgjv‡Z n‡e|
(3) Rvi‡Ki RviYgv‡bi cwieZ©b weRvi‡Ki c~‡e© mnM AvKv‡i Ges weRvi‡Ki RviY gv‡bi cwieZ©b Rvi‡Ki c~‡e© mnM AvKv‡i emv‡Z
n‡e Ges Aek¨B AbycvZ Abymv‡i (GwU LyeB important K_v!!)
( 4) Rvi‡Ki Aw•‡Rb mvaviYZ cvwb nq (Zvn‡j AmvaviYZ †eva nq Ab¨ wKQz nq!!)
(5) cvwbi nvB‡Wªv‡Rb mvaviYZ GwmW †_‡K Av‡m (Zvn‡j AmvaviYZ †eva nq Ab¨ wKQz †_‡K Av‡m!!)
Gevi Zvn‡j Av‡M wewµqvwU‡K cvuPwU wbqg w`‡q mgZvKi‡Yi †Póv Kwi -
Rule - 1 : RviK weRviK GwmW
KMnO 4 + FeSO 4 + H2SO 4  K 2SO 4  MnSO 4  Fe 2 (SO 4 )3  H2O
Rule - 2 : 2KMnO4 + FeSO 4 + H2SO 4  K 2SO 4  2MnSO 4  Fe 2 (SO 4 )3  H2O
Rvi‡Ki avZz K I Mn Dfq cv‡k mgvb Kiv n‡jv|
Rule - 3 : K MnO 4 G Mn Gi Change  7 ‡_‡K  2 A_©vr 5
FeSO 4 G Fe Gi Change  2 ‡_‡K  3 A_©vr 1

সম্পর্ক হ োর্ স য োগিতোর 6 D™¢vm-D‡b¥l শিক্ষা পশিবাি

 RviY-weRviY
1 K MnO 4 + 5Fe SO 4 + H2SO 4  K 2SO 4  MnSO 4  Fe 2 (SO 4 )3  H2O

wKš` Rule  2 †Z KMnO 4 Gi c~‡e© 2 i‡q‡Q ZvB FeSO 4 Gi mnMI wظY n‡e|
2KMnO 4  10FeSO4  H2SO 4  K 2SO 4  2MnSO 4  5Fe 2 (SO 4 )3  H2O
GUv Ki‡Z fy‡jvbv †hb!
Rule - 4 : 2KMn O4  10FeSO4  H2SO 4  K 2SO 4  2MnSO 4  5Fe 2 (SO 4 )3  8H2 O
GLv‡b mvaviY NUbvUvB N‡U‡Q| Rvi‡K 2  4  8 wU Aw•‡Rb (O) ZvB H 2 O Gi Av‡M 8 n‡e|
Rule - 5 : 2KMnO 4  10FeSO4  8H2SO 4  K 2SO 4  2MnSO 4  5Fe 2 (SO 4 )3  8H2O
GLv‡bI mvaviY NUbvUvB N‡U‡Q | Gwm‡Wi nvB‡Wªv‡Rb cvwb n‡q‡Q| ZvB H 2 SO 4 Gi Av‡M 8 n‡e|
P‡jv GKwU e¨wZµgx wewµqv mgZvKiY Gi †Póv Kwi|

FeSO 4 `ªe‡Yi mv‡_ Mvp HNO 3 GwmW Gi RviY weRviY wewµqvi mgZvKiY t

FeSO 4  HNO3  H2SO 4  Fe 2 (SO 4 )3  NO  H2O (wewµqvUv wK g‡b c‡o? Second paper Gi NO 3 g~j‡Ki ejq cix‣v!)
Rule-1: weRviK RviK GwmW
FeSO 4 + HNO3 + H 2SO 4  Fe 2 (SO 4 )3  NO  H2O
Rule-2: FeSO 4 + HNO3 + H 2SO 4  Fe 2 (SO 4 )3  NO  H2O
Rule-3: 6FeSO 4  2HNO3  H2SO 4  3Fe 2 (SO 4 )3  2NO  H2O

Fe 2  Fe 3 N5  N 2
Change =1 Change = 3 (cvi‡j ej‡Zv †Kb double K‡i emvjvg?)
double n‡q em‡jv double n‡q em‡jv

Rule 4 : 6FeSO 4 + 2HNO3 + H 2SO 4  3Fe 2 (SO 4 )3  2NO  4 H2O

Rvi‡Ki Aw•‡Rb mvaviYZ cvwb n‡jI GLv‡b NO MV‡b wKQy Aw•‡Rb Ask wb‡q‡Q|
Rule 5 : 6FeSO 4 + 2 HNO3 + 3 H 2SO 4  3Fe 2 (SO 4 )3  2NO  4 H2O

cvwbi H mvaviYZ GwmW †_‡K Avm‡j GLv‡b RviK wKQy H mieivn K‡i‡Q|
cvi‡j GB wewµqv¸‡jv mgZvKiY Ki t
(i) FeSO 4  K 2Cr2O7  H2SO 4  Fe 2 (SO 4 )3  K 2SO 4  Cr2 (SO 4 )3  H2O
(ii) H 2 C 2 O 4  KMnO 4  H 2SO 4  K 2SO 4  MnSO 4  CO 2  H 2 O
(iii) H2S  K 2Cr2O7  H2SO 4  S  H2O  K 2SO 4  Cr2 (SO 4 )3
(iv) KI  KMnO 4  H 2SO 4  K 2SO 4  MnSO 4  H 2 O  I 2
( v) NaI  KMnO 4  H 2SO 4  Na 2SO 4  K 2SO 4  MnSO 4  H 2 O  I 2
(vi ) NaI  K 2Cr2O7  H2SO 4  Na 2SO 4  K 2SO 4  Cr2 (SO 4 )3  H2O  I 2

Gevi GKUv mZ¨ K_v ewj| GB c×wZ Board cix¶vq Apply Kiv hv‡e bv| hviv A‡bK g‡bv‡hvM w`‡q wbqg¸‡jv wk‡LQ Zv‡`i nZvk nevi wKQz †bB|

সম্পর্ক হ োর্ স য োগিতোর 7 D™¢vm-D‡b¥l শিক্ষা পশিবাি

 RviY-weRviY
(i) GB wbqg w`‡q †Zvgiv Check Ki‡Z cvi‡e equation mgZvKiY fyj n‡q‡Q bvwK mwVK n‡q‡Q|
(ii) MvwYwZK mgm¨v mgvav‡bi Rb¨ GK jvB‡b equation mgZvKiY K‡i wjL‡Z cvi‡e|
(iii) fwZ© cix‣vq mgm¨v mgvavb A‡bK easy n‡q Avm‡e| (Shortly you will see)
Gevi K_v n‡”Q Board Gi Aa©mgxKiY c×wZ‡Z Avgiv Kie wK?

RviK ......
KMnO4

7+ O 2-
Mn 7  5e  Mn 2
K + Mn O2-
4O 2  8H   4H 2 O
O 2- 
O 2- MnO 4  5e   8H   Mn 2  4H 2O
(weRviY Aa©mgxKiY)
+7-8
MnO MnO 4
4

K2Cr2O7 Cr 6  3e  Cr 3
2Cr 6  6e  2Cr 3
6+ O 2-
K+ Cr O 2-
7O 2  14H   7H 2 O
6+
K+ Cr O 2- 2
Cr2 O7  6e   14H   2Cr 3  7H 2 O
O 2-
(weRviY Aa©mgxKiY)
O 2-
O 2-
+12-14 O 2-
Cr2O7 Cr2O72-

I2
Io I  e 
 I 
Io I 2  2e  2I 
(weRviY Aa©mgxKiY)
weRviK ..........
FeSO 4 /FeCl 2
2 2 Cl 
2
Fe SO 4 Fe 
Fe 2  e 
 Fe 3
Cl
(RviY Aa©mgxKiY)

সম্পর্ক হ োর্ স য োগিতোর 8 D™¢vm-D‡b¥l শিক্ষা পশিবাি

 RviY-weRviY

H 2S
H  2
S S2  2e 
 S
H
(RviY Aa©mgxKiY)
H 2O 2
H O
2O  2e 
 O2 (g)
H O
(RviY Aa©mgxKiY)
H2C2O4

H+ C3+ O2- O2-

O2- C4+
O2-
H+ C3+ O2- 2
O2- C 2 O 4  2e   2CO 2
(RviY Aa©mgxKiY)
CO2
C 2 O4 + 6 - 8 C2O42-

KI/NaI
1
K  I  / Na  I  I  e  I2
2
(RviY Aa©mgxKiY)
N 2S2O3
S+2.5 O2-
S+2.5 O2-
N + S2 O2- 2 2 O2-
+ O2- 2S2O3  2e  S4O6 S+2.5 O2-
aN + S2 O2- (RviY Aa©mgxKiY) S+2.5 O2-
+ O2-
a
S2O32- S4O610-12 S4O62-

GwmWxq KMnO 4 Gi mv‡_ H 2S Gi RviY weRviY wewµqvi Aa©mgxKiY c×wZ‡Z mgZvKiY

RviY Aa©mgxKiY t S2  2e  S ............... (i)

weRviY Aa©mgxKiY t MnO 4  5e   8H   Mn 2  4H 2 O ............... (ii)
(i)  5  5S2  10e  5S

(ii)  2  2MnO 4  10e   16H   2Mn 2  8H 2 O
(+)

5S2  2MnO 4  16H   5S  2Mn 2  8H 2O
Gevi Avgiv Zvn‡j c~Y© wewµqv wjLe (Avqb¸‡jv‡K †hØM Ae¯’vq †`Lve)

সম্পর্ক হ োর্ স য োগিতোর 9 D™¢vm-D‡b¥l শিক্ষা পশিবাি

 RviY-weRviY

2MnO4- + 5S2- +16H + 5S + 2Mn2+ + 8H2O

2KMnO4 + 5H2S + 3H2SO4 5S + 2MnSO4 + K2SO4 + 8H2O

fv‡jvfv‡e j‣ Ki Rule 4 Gi e¨wZµg N‡U‡Q| GLv‡b H  G‡m‡Q GwmW I weRviK †_‡K|

Av‡iKwU Example :
GwmWxq K 2Cr2O 7 Gi mv‡_ KI Gi RviY weRviY wewµqvi Aa©mgxKiY c×wZ‡Z mgZvKiY
1
RviY Aa©mgxKiY t I   e   I 2 .............. (i)
2
2
weRviY Aa©mgxKiY t Cr2O7  6e  14H  2Cr 3  7H2O
(i)  6  6I   6e  3I 2

Cr2O72- + 6I- + 14H+ 2Cr3+ + 3I2 + 7H2O

K2Cr2O7 + 6KI + 7H2SO4 Cr2(SO4)3 + 4K2SO4 + 3I2 + 7H2O

GKUz Ab¨iKg wKQz Av‡jvPbv Kwi|

Na 2S2O3 Gi mv‡_ I 2 Gi RviY weRviY wewµqvi Aa©mgxKiY c×wZ‡Z mgZvKiY,
2 2
RviY Aa©mgxKiY t 2S2O3  2e  S4O6
weRviY Aa©mgxKiY t I 2  2e  2I 

2S2O32- + I2 S4O42- + 2I-

2Na2S2O3 + I2 Na2S4O6 + 2NaI

Av‡qvwWwgwZ GLv‡b ÔwW× gv‡b w`‡q w`‡qwQ (just imagine)|

(w`‡q w`wQ I 2 `ªeY)
2Na 2S2O3  I 2  Na 2S4O6  2NaI
(cÖgvY `ªeY)
Av‡qv‡WvwgwZ t
GLv‡b, ‡Wv (do) gv‡b ÔKi× Av‡M I 2 ˆZwi Ki
2KI  Cl 2  2KCl  I 2
(cÕ¯`ZK…Z)

সম্পর্ক হ োর্ স য োগিতোর 10 D™¢vm-D‡b¥l শিক্ষা পশিবাি

 RviY-weRviY
2Na 2S2O3  I 2  Na 2S4O6  2NaI
(cÕ¯`ZK…Z)

2CuSO 4  4KI  Cu 2 I 2  2K 2 SO 4  I 2
(cÕ¯`ZK…Z)
2Na 2S2O3  I2  Na 2S4O6  2NaI
(cÕ¯`ZK…Z)
GBme e¨vL¨v total KíbvcÕm~Z I wewµqv g‡b ivLevi wbwg‡Ë wjwLZ| (don't take it seriously)
GLb †Zvgiv wbðqB eyS‡Z cvi‡Qv RviY I weRviY Aa©mgxKiY¸‡jv g‡b ivL‡Z cvi‡j mgZvKiY is no e¨vcvi|

Aa©mgxKiY c×wZ‡Z mgZvKiY Ki t

(i) FeCl 2  KMnO 4  HCl  FeCl3  KCl  MnCl 2  H2O
(ii) FeCl 2  K 2Cr2O7  HCl  FeCl3  KCl  CrCl 3  H2O
(iii) H 2 O 2  KMnO 4  H 2SO 4  K 2SO 4  MnSO 4  H 2 O  O 2
(iv) H2O2  K 2Cr2O7  H2SO 4  K 2SO 4  Cr2 (SO 4 )3  H2O  O2
 
( v) ClO3  I   H2SO 4  Cl   HSO 4
(vi ) H2C2O4  K 2Cr2O7  H2SO 4  K 2SO 4  Cr2 (SO 4 )3  H2O  CO 2
( vii ) KI  K 2Cr2O7  H2SO 4  K 2SO 4  Cr2 (SO 4 )3  H2O  I 2

MvwYwZK mgm¨v t
 25cm3 0.1M K 2 Cr2 O 7 `ªeY Øviv KZ NbgvÎvi 2.5cm3 FeSO 4 Gi A¤øxq `ªeY‡K cÕkwgZ Kiv m¤¢e?
mgvavbt GLv‡b, K 2 Cr2 O7 RviK, FeSO 4 weRviK,
cÕ‡qvRbxq wewµqv, K 2 Cr2 O7  6FeSO 4  7H 2SO 4  K 2SO 4  Cr2 (SO 4 )3  3Fe 2 (SO 4 )3  7H 2 O
GLv‡b, mgZvK…Z wewµqvq, RviK K 2 Cr2 O7 Gi ‡gvj msL¨v, x  1
weRviK FeSO 4 Gi †gvj msL¨v, y  6
K 2 Cr2 O7 Gi NbgvÎv, Sox  0.1M Ges AvqZb, Vox  25cm3
FeSO 4 Gi AvqZb, Vred  2.5cm3 Ges NbgvÎv, Sred  ?
Sox  Vox x
Avgiv Rvwb,  y  Sox  Vox  x  Sred  Vred
S red  Vred y
(GLv‡b j‣ Ki Dc‡ii jvB‡b Avevi mnM interchange n‡q hvi hvi RviY gv‡bi cwieZ©b Zvi Zvi Kv‡Q P‡j G‡m‡Q hv e¨envi
K‡i Avgiv GKUz c‡i bZzb wKQz Ki‡ev!!)
0.1 25 1 6  0.1  25
   Sred   6M (Ans.)
2.5  S red 6 2.5
 GKwU †jvnvi UzKiv 100cm3 H 2SO 4 G `ªexf~Z Kiv nj| cÕvß `ªe‡Yi 20cm3 cÕkwgZ Ki‡Z 0.5M KMnO 4 `ªe‡Yi
100cm3 cÕ‡qvRb n‡j †jvnvi UzKivi fi KZ?
mgvavbt Fe  H 2SO 4  FeSO 4  H 2
10FeSO 4  2KMnO 4  8H 2SO 4  K 2SO 4  2MnSO 4  5Fe 2 (SO 4 )3  8H 2O
AZGe, 1mole Fe  1mole FeSO 4
Avevi, 10 mole FeSO 4  2 mole KMnO 4

সম্পর্ক হ োর্ স য োগিতোর 11 D™¢vm-D‡b¥l শিক্ষা পশিবাি

 RviY-weRviY
1 1
1 mole FeSO 4  mole KMnO 4 1 mole Fe  mole KMnO 4  1 mole KMnO 4  5 mole Fe
5 5
 1000 cm 1M KMnO 4  (5  56) g Fe
3

5  56 100  0.5
100 cm3 0.5M KMnO 4  g Fe  14g Fe
1000
14
20 cm3 -G Zvn‡j 14g Fe `ªexf~Z i‡q‡Q|  †jvnvi UzKivi fi  100  70g (Ans )
20
bZzb wKQz †ei Kwi P‡jv-
mgZvKi‡Yi mgq e‡jwQ Rvi‡Ki RviYgv‡bi cwieZ©b weRvi‡K Ges weRvi‡Ki RviY gv‡bi cwieZ©b Rvi‡K mnM AvKv‡i emv‡Z n‡e|

Example : 5H 2S  2KMnO 4  3H 2SO 4  K 2SO 4  2MnSO 4  8H 2O  5S

weRviK H 2S Gi change  2 Ges KMnO 4 Gi change  5
n 2 V  Sox 2
Avevi A¼ mgvav‡bi mgq, ox  ev, ox   5  Vox  Sox  2  Vred  Sred
n red 5 Vred  Sred 5
GB jvB‡b Avevi mnM mgZvK…Z mgxKiY Abymv‡i D‡ëv K‡i e‡m‡Q|
 W 
G‡Z K‡i hvi hvi RviY gv‡bi cwieZ©b Zvi Zvi †gvjmsL¨v  n   SV  Gi c~‡e© mnM AvKv‡i ¸Y n‡q‡Q| A¼ mgvav‡bi
 M 
GB jvBbwU G‡Kev‡i wjL‡Z n‡j Zvn‡j mgZvKi‡YiI cÕ‡qvRb c‡o bv| RviY gv‡bi cwieZ©b Rvb‡jB P‡j| evievi RviY gv‡bi
cwieZ©b ej‡Z fv‡jv jvM‡Q bv| ZvB Gi bvg †`Iqv nq ÔZzj¨msL¨v×| c~‡e me RviK-weRvi‡Ki Zzj¨msL¨v¸‡jv g‡b ivL‡Z †Póv
Ki‡e| Gevi P‡jv `ywU example †`wL t-

 100cm3 0.6M FeSO4 Gi `ªeY‡K m¤ú~Y©iƒ‡c cÕkwgZ Ki‡Z KZ cm3 0.6M GwmWxq KMnO 4 `ªeY jvM‡e?
mgvavb t

ev, 1  SFeSO4  VFeSO4  5  SKMnO 4  VKMnO 4

ev, 1 .6M 100cm3  5  .6M  VKMnO4  VKMnO 4  20cm3 (Ans .)
 GK UyK‡iv †jvnv‡K H 2SO 4 Gwm‡W `ªexf~Z Kiv n‡jv| cÕvß `ªeY‡K m¤ú~Y©iƒ‡c cÕkwgZ Ki‡Z 500cm3 0.8M K 2Cr2O7
jv‡M| †jvnvi UzKivi fi KZ?

mgvavbt Fe  H 2SO 4  FeSO 4  H 2

n Fe  n FeSO4
Avevi,

 n Fe  6  n K 2Cr2O7
WFe 500 GLv‡b cm3 †K wjUvi (L) G cÖKvk Kiv
ev,  6  0.8
56 1000 n‡q‡Q | cvi‡j †ei Ki †Kb?
 W  134.4gm (Ans.)
Zvn‡j †Zv A¼¸‡jv A‡bK shortcut wbq‡g `„pZvi m‡½B wgjv‡bv †M‡jv I A‡bKLvwb mgqI mvkªq n‡jv| GwU Engineering
University, Medical College I wewfbœ University fwZ© cix¶vq M.C.Q mgvav‡bi Kvh©Kix c×wZ hv †Zvgiv cieZ©x‡Z
apply Ki‡Z cvi‡e| Avi †h †Kvb mgm¨vq †Zvgv‡`i cv‡k AvwQ Avgiv cy‡iv ÔD™¢vm-D‡b¥l wkÿv cwieviÕ †Lvjv †i‡LwQ †Zvgvi
m¤¢vebvi mKj `yqvi|

সম্পর্ক হ োর্ স য োগিতোর 12 D™¢vm-D‡b¥l শিক্ষা পশিবাি