Answers to Section A

Q Answer Mark Total

marks

1(a) (i) 0.88 – 0.50 – 0.10 1

= 0.28 mole He 1

(ii) 0.30 mole H2 and 0.28 mole He (both mentioned) 1

(iii) 28 kPa 1

(iv) 2.4 + 28 + 30 (working) OR 60.4 kPa (final answer) 1

(v) 2H2 + O2  H2O 1 6

1(b)(i) n = 6 to n = 2 1

(ii) visible light 1

Balmer Series 1

(iii) 10 lines 1

10
marks

1
 Q Answer Mark Total
Marks

2(a) Heat given out when 1 mol of hydrocyanic acid is burnt

(i) completely in excess oxygen (air) under standard conditions of 1 1
atm pressure and 298K.

HCN(l) + 9/4 O2(g)  CO2(g) + NO2(g) + ½ H2O(l) 1 2

[Note: state symbols must be given to get mark]
(a) Expression:
(ii) ∆Hrxn = ∑ ∆Hf (products) - ∑ ∆Hf (reactants) 1

Substitution:
-1628 kJ = (-393kJ) + (-89.0kJ) + ½(_286kJ) - ( x + 0 ) 1
x = -625 kJ + 1628 kJ
= + 1003 kJ

Answer:
Hence ∆Hf of HCN is + 1003 kJ mol-1 1

Or alternative method (algebraic / energy cycle) 3

(a) CO2 :Linear shape 1

(iii)
NO2: bent / V-shape 1

2
(b) At anode:
4OH-  2H2O + O2 + 4e OR
2H2O  O2 + 4H+ + 4e 1

1 mol of O2 gas requires 4 F of electricity to produce

22, 400 cm3 of O2 gas is produced by 4 x 96, 500 C
140 cm3 of O2 gas is produced by 140 x 4 x 96, 500 1
22, 400
= 2412.5 C
2412.5 C = 1.25 A x t (s)
t = 2412.5 ............................................ 1
1.25
= 1930 s 1
(max3)
= OR 1.93 x 103 s

Max
10

2
Q. 3 Answer Mark Total
Marks
(a)(i) A white precipitate is formed 1

(ii) [Al(H2O)6]3+ + 3OH-  [Al(OH)3(H2O)3] + 3H2O

1
OR
Al3+ + 3OH-  Al(OH)3

(iii) Observation: The white precipitate dissolves in excess ammonia 1

Formula: [Al(OH)4]- 1

4
(b)(i) [Fe(CN) 6]4- - Hexacyanoferrate(II) 1

[Fe(SCN)(H2O)5]2+ - Pentaaquathiocyanatoiron(III) 1

(ii) Have empty d orbitals / (valence orbitals) to accept lone pair 1

electrons from ligands

Has high charge density 1

(iii) Splitting of d orbitals 1

d-d electronic transitions.

OR
Energy is absorbed when electrons from the lower energy d
orbitals are promoted to higher energy d orbitals 1
6
10
marks

3
 Q. 4 Answer mark Total
marks
(a) (i) 1-butene 1

(a) (ii) Name of mechanism : electrophilic addition 1

(b)(i) 3-methyl-2-butanol 1

(ii) Type of isomerism: optical isomerism 1

Structures:

1+
1
4

(c) (i) 1

(ii) Epoxypropane 1 2

10
marks

4
Q. 5 Answer Mark Total
marks
(a) (i) All are simple covalent molecules / simple molecular structure 1

Weak van der waals forces between molecules 1

(ii)
1
+1
+1

(iii) O atom has no d orbitals to extend its octet 1

(iv) Xe—F bond is polar because F more electronegative than Xe 1

Since the bonds are arranged symmetrically / symmetrical shape

dipoles in each Xe—F bond cancel each other / no net dipole
therefore the molecule is non-polar 1 8

(b) (i) CO(g) + NO(g) + O2(g) CO2(g) + NO2(g) 1

(ii) Expression:
Rate = k[CO]x [NO]y [O2]z 1

Working:
Exp 2 4.40 x 10-4= k [2.00 x 10-3]x [1.00 x 10-3]y [1.00 x 10-1]z
Exp 1 4.40 x 10-4= k [1.00 x 10-3]x [1.00 x 10-3]y [1.00 x 10-1]z 1
x = 0 if working shown

Working:
Exp 3 3.96 x 10-3= k [2.00 x 10-3]x [3.00 x 10-3]y [1.00 x 10-1]z 1
Exp 2 4.40 x 10-4= k [2.00 x 10-3]x [1.00 x 10-3]y [1.00 x 10-1]z
y = 2 if working shown

Working:
Exp 2 4.40 x 10-4= k [2.00 x 10-3]x [1.00 x 10-3]y [1.00 x 10-1]z 1
Exp 4 1.32 x 10-3= k [5.00 x 10-3]x [1.00 x 10-3]y [3.00 x 10-1]z
z = 1 if working shown

Rate = k[NO]2 [O2]1 1

Using exp. 1
(iii) k = Rate
[NO]2[O2]

= 4.40 x 10-4 1
(1.00 x 10-3 )2 (1.00 x 10-1)

= 4400 mol-2 dm6 s-1 1

8
Max 15

5
 Q6 Answer Mark Total
marks

(a) (i) H2CO3 + H2O H3O+ + HCO3-


[ H 3O  ][ HCO3 ]
K1 = 1
[ H 2CO3 ]

HCO3- + H2O H3O+ + CO32-

2
[ H 3O  ][CO3 ] 1
K2 = 
[ HCO3 ]

Ka = K1 x K2

2
[ H 3O  ]2 [CO3 ] 1
=
[ H 2CO3 ]
3
(a)
(ii) [ H 3O  ][ HCO3 ]


K1 =
[ H 2CO3 ]

[H3O+] = [HCO3-]

[ H 3O  ]2
K1 =
[ H 2CO3 ]

[H3O+] = K1x[H 2CO3 ]

= (4.5 x10 7 )(0.100) 1
OR = 4.5 x10 8
OR = 2.12 x 10-4 mol dm-3

pH = - lg [H+]
= - lg (2.12 x 10-4)
= 3.7 1
2
2- -
(a) The resultant mixture contains CO3 and HCO3 and is a buffer 1
(iii)
This buffer helps to maintain the pH of human blood 1

(b) (i) An azeotrope is a constant boiling point mixture whereby the 1

6
 composition of the vapour is same as the composition of the
liquid.

(b)
(ii) 126
correct shape
0
B. pt / C vap vap. 1
curves labelled
100 - liquid
liquid axes labelled
100, 126, -67 1
47%

- -67

47% HBr

0% -----> %HBr ----- > ------ 100%

100% .---< -- %H2O -------- < ---- 0%
composition
2
(b) The composition of the first distillate is pure HBr or 100% HBr 1
(iii)
The composition of second distillate is 47%HBr and 53% H2O 1
/ or azeotrope. 2
(b) A mixture of HBr and H2O shows negative deviation from 1
(iv) Raoult’s law.

In pure HBr – the forces are van der waals between HBr molecules
AND 1
In pure H2O – forces are hydrogen bonds between H2O molecules

When mixed together,

There are ion –dipole forces between H+ and H2O molecules
and 1
between Br- ions and H2O molecules.

Ion-dipole forces stronger than hydrogen bonds 1

Q.7 Answers marks Total

7
 marks
(a) Statement:
Sodium and magnesium burn in oxygen to form basic oxides. 1
Equation:
4Na(s) + O2(g) → 2Na2 O(g)
OR 1
2Mg(s) + O2(g ) → 2MgO(g)

Aluminium burns in oxygen to produce aluminium oxide, an 1

amphoteric oxide.

4Al(s) + 3O2(g) → 2Al2O3(g) 1

Silicon, phosphorous and sulphur burn in oxygen to form acidic 1

oxides
Si(s) + O2(g) → 2SiO(g)
P4(s) + 3O2(g) → P4 O6(l) (any one equation)
P4(s) + 5O2(g) → P4 O10(l) 1
S(s) + O2(g)  SO2(g)

Chlorine does not react with oxygen.

1
7
(b) All Group 2 elements react with water according to the following
equation.

[given any equation]: M(s) + 2H2O  M(OH)2 + H2 1

In the reaction, the Group 2 element acts as reducing agents. 1

Going down Group 2, the reducing power of the element increases

as the E0 values become more negative. 1

Magnesium reacts only with steam,

Calcium reacts rapidly with hot water, but slowly with cold water
Strontium and barium react vigorously with cold water, 1
OR
Reactivity increases down the group.

(c) [Equation]: 2M(NO3)2  2MO + 4NO2 + O2 1

Going down Group 2, the size of the cation increases while the
charge remains the same / 1
Charge density of cation decreases.

The polarizing power of the cations towards NO3- ion decreases making 1
the nitrates more stable to heat

Thermal stability increase down the group 1 8

8(a)(i) Pb4+ + 2e = Pb2+ E = +1.69 V

8
 Sn4+ + 2e = Sn2+ E = +0.15 V 1

The +4 oxidation state of both Pb and Sn tend to be less stable

than the +2 oxidation state 1

PbO2 is highly unstable and decomposes readily to PbO 1

While SnO readily combines with O2 to form SnO2 1
OR
PbO2 → PbO + ½ O2
SnO + ½ O2→ SnO2

Pb combines readily with Cl2 to form the more stable PbCl2 / 1

PbCl4 decomposes slowly at room temperature to PbCl2
Sn combines with Cl2 to give the more stable SnCl4 1
OR 6
Pb + Cl2 → PbCl2 / PbCl4  PbCl2 + Cl2
Sn + 2Cl2→ SnCl4

(ii) Sn 1

2MnO4-(aq) + 16H+ (aq) + 5Sn2+(aq) → 2Mn2+(aq) + 8H2O(l)

+ 5Sn4+(aq) ( states of species not needed) 1

Ecell = +1.52 - (+0.15)

= + 1.37 V 1 3
(b)(i) 4NH3 + 5O2 → 4NO + 6H2O 1
2NO + O2 → 2NO2 1
4NO2 + O2 + 2H2O → 4HNO3 1

(ii) 1 mole of NH3 gives 1 mole of HNO3 1

OR
17 g of NH3 gives 63 g of HNO3

1 tonne of NH3 gives 63/17 tonnes of HNO3 1

OR 3.7 tonnes

(iii) Reduction 1

2NO → N2 + O2 1
OR 7
2NO + 2CO → N2 + 2CO2 Total
16
Max
15

9(a)(i)

+ CH2=CHCH3  —CH(CH3)2 1

9
 Catalyst : phosphoric acid / H3PO4 1 2
(ii) Oxidation / reaction with oxygen 1
CH3
│
CH3—CH—CH3 + O2  CH3—C—O—O—H 1
│ │

Decomposition of hydroperoxide with dilute sulphuric acid 1

CH3
│ 1
CH3—C-O-O-H  --OH + CH3COCH3
│

(b)(i) -OH in phenol is a ring activating group ./

Lone pair electrons on oxygen atom in –OH group can be
delocalized into the benzene ring / donated to the benzene ring 1

Phenol more easily attacked by an electrophile (or NO2+) 1

compare to benzene

Equation to forn nitrobenzene 1

Equation to form 2-nitrophenol and 4-nitrophenol 1 4

(ii) Elimination reaction / dehydration 1

To form but-1-ene (1-butene) and 2- butene 1

Any 1 equation to form 2-butene / 1-butene 1

2-butene exists as pair of cis-trans isomers / shows geometrical 1

isomers
[Draw structure of the cis and trans isomers and labelled them] 1 5

15

Q Answer Mark ∑

10 (a) Describe test using either one of the following reagents: 1

10
 Tollens reagent / Fehlings solution / iron(III) chloride
(cannot use Br2(aq) or KMnO4)
Observation: 1
Equation: 1
3
(b) Step 1 : reagent : hydrogen cyanide / HCN 1

Step 2: reagent : LiAlH4 in ether solvent /

NaBH4 / 1
Na in ethanol

Identity of X H
│
CH=CH—C—OH 1
│
CN
Observation: bubbles of nitrogen gas obtained 1

—CH=CHCH(OH)CH2NH2 + HNO2  N2 + H2O

1
—CH=CHCH(OH)CH2OH
5
(c) (i)
CH3—C—Cl + HO— —CH2CH=CH2 
║
O OCH3

CH3—C—O— —CH2CH=CH2 + HCl 1

║
O OCH3

(ii) Products are CH3COO-Na+ and Na+O-— —CH2CH=CH2 1+1

OCH3

3
(d) (i) Observation: brown colour of Br2 decolourised / and white ppt 1
Formula is OH
CH3O Br
1
CH2CH(OH)CH2Br

(ii) Observation: purple colour of MnO4- is decolourised / and 1

bubbles of CO2 observed
Formula CH3O
1
HO— —COOH
4

11