A SEMINAR TOPIC

ON

BASIC INTERNET SERVICES

SAMBALPUR UNIVERSITY

Submitted
by;-

Submitted Animesh
Baghar
Dr.(Mrs)Sabitri Majhi
3rd Sem,
Assistant Professor
 Roll.No-
11S17LI03

CONTENTS:-
 Services of Internet
 WWW (World Wide Web)
 Electronic Mail (Email)
 News Groups
 FTP (File Transfer Protocol)
 IRC (Internet Relay Chat)
 Telnet
 Voice / Video Communication Skype
 Social networks
 Search Engines
 Wikipedia
  WebHosting (DATACENTER)
 Conclusion

Services of Internet
Internet service providers (ISP Internet Service Provider) companies or institutions
(such as TCom ,Iskon or CARNet in Croatia, AT&T in US and MTNL in India), which satellite or
optical connections with several major Internet node abroad (mainly in the direction of
America and Europe) and the thus ensuring high capacity connection to the rest of the
Internet world. However, practice has shown that it can barely follow the needs of the
growing number of members of Internet communities. When selecting an ISP of significance
is the number of services that it provides to its customers. All services provided by email, but
do not provide any service to FTP, newsgroups, renting space on the disc, certain program
support and etc. CARNet allows for almost all university departments.

User from their computers at work or at home by joining the Internet can:
 Exchange electronic mail (email) to any Internet user in any location on the planet.
 Participate in offline (indirectly, not in real time) discussions via email with people with
similar interests through 'mailing lists' and 'News Groups'.
 Participate live (in real time) in a conversation with another person via the 'Internet
video phone' (like Skype), or audio video conferencing between multiple people using
a specially designed computer programs and equipment.
 Participate in online (directly, in real time) written discussion with a larger group of
people who use the 'Internet Relay Chat' (IRC) service chat rooms.
 To work on a remote computer using the 'Telnet' service or some per function quite
the same.
 Take files of any type (download) from remote computers and deliver files (upload)
them with an FTP (File Transfer Protocol) service.
 Reading complex documents using 'hypertext'. Clicking on a keyword or image on the
screen the user is automatically goes to other facilities within the same or other
domains.
 Read multimedia documents found on WWW (World Wide Web) that contain text,
graphics, sound, and video using intelligent browser web presentation, as 'Google
Chrome', 'Firefox' or 'Internet Explorer' program support.
 Learning and practicing for the exam and achieve appropriate certification.
 Search the Web, documents, various WWW sites or via dedicated international
service, as 'Google' and 'Yahoo!', oversubscribed keywords to find the desired
documents.
  Publicly disclose their images or pictures of his grandchildren, and who wants to can
publish a picture of mother in law.
 Advertise your business in a variety of ways, from setting up video clips to the creation
of their own website.
 Paying bills through the 'Internet Banking'.
 Buy and spend money :), advertise and offer for sale.
 Read web editions of newspapers or say 'IT Alphabet'.
 Play simple games and who knows what else.

WWW (World Wide Web)

The latest is an information service on the Internet. After the advent of the 1993rd The
present multi tens of millions of web pages is a synonym for the Internet. The first two words
'World Wide' mean global distribution, and the last word 'Web' means in this context of
network computing. Scope of diverse content on the WWW servers is constantly growing.
Almost everything can be found. Since the purchase of the product, technical support, advice,
research papers, advertisements, price lists and who knows what all, depending on the site
designated for and inspiration of their creator. So there are useful and useless, beautiful and
ugly, organized and unorganized. Their development today is the extraordinary artistic and
programming disciplines.
WWW is a graphical hypertext way of using the Internet using the HTTP protocol for
transmitting Web pages and other information over the Internet, in principle, between the
server and the user's computer. Web pages are written in HTML (Hypertext Mark-up
Language) language, and recognizes them for this purpose designed browser (Internet
Explorer, Firefox,). Service provides hypertext links between documents and combined
display of text, images, sound and video, that enables the integration of different information
content. Hypertext is a document or a system with related text units according to the principle
shown in the following figure. Figure 7.4.4 Principle of linking web pages.
How certain region have specific graphemes, header website states the code page
used records that follow. But that will not be relevant if you’re OS in, e.g. Africa does not have
the character set used in Europe. Unicode will greatly increase the user-friendliness of reading
web content regarding the diversity of languages and countries. Web pages are usually placed
servers that allow other Internet services like email and the like. The servers are in operation
almost continuously, and each of them has its own unique address, a URL (Uniform Resource
Locator) and a single seat website content. One site address would be:
'http://www.domain.hr/' or
'http://computer.domain.hr/' or
'http://×××.×××.×××.×××/'
Address is written on a hierarchically organized several DNS servers. 'http' protocol is a
label, 'computer' is the name of the server or name of subdomain. One can find and mark
'www' pointing to program support on the client side, which must be used to copy data (not
necessarily). 'domain.hr' is a fundamental domain of the main domain in which the server and
it stands true for all of the services that the server provides in its domain. It is possible to
retrieve the desired content directly via the IP address (×××.×××.×××.×××), only need to know
and remember. It's easier to remember domain name, especially if the name is associated
with the desired content.
Tag 'hr' is an abbreviation for the state and each state is assigned a different label. It
represents the main domain. But often, especially in the U.S., for the main domain tag to find
com, Edu, gov, int, mil, net, org, according to the type of content that is presented, and is
planning to introduce some more.
Thus defined address of site is unique throughout the world. The award is called the
basic and main domain local ISP decides in consultation with the customer along with relevant
international association of leading Internet about taking care so that each of them is unique
in the world (no two are the same). Label domain and main domain is an integral part of the
labelling of other services offered by the server.
As the number of web pages is a huge phenomenon understandable growing number of
WWW pages with type catalogs, which over the content or accountable to the inquiry,
pointing to other web content. Those are web search engine that contain the tools to search
different databases, documents, databases, emails, files, multimedia content, Web's, and
more. This sought as 'Google' and 'Yahoo' really allow efficient browsing the Internet, but also
require a detailed knowledge of the principles and rules with which they work. What you
cannot find the look you over 'Astalavista' required.

Electronic Mail (Email)

Service which is much earlier than the World Wide Web and has won hearts of the users.
The idea that in a few minutes you can deliver, text, image, audio or video recording of any
person on the planet was unfeasible until recently, but now, thanks largely to the rapid
expansion of the number of Internet users and the increasing speed. Of communication, was
to become reality of business and social communication. Mainly used for the contents of up
to 500 kB. Otherwise need to use the FTP service.
It is customary that the electronic address contains two parts separated by ' @ ' (<ALT>
+ <64>). The first part is usually the user selected a name, but it could be anything else, any
term. The second part is the name of a specific electronic ISP or a local name from the list of
network nodes that belong to its domain (DNS) server. For example, for CARNet applies:
'[email protected]'
It is an abbreviated form for which the server CARNet 'name' is the code of the person,
or the name of the application server USER_ NAME or USE_ID, behind which lies in content
table with registered users in the system supporting server, real name and surname of the ID
belongs. The actual email address along with the user information and the name and location
of the computer is:
'[email protected]' or
'[email protected]'
TCom Provider (ISP) for the city of Split in Croatia applies:
'[email protected]‐com.hr'
So something extended address, where is ‘TCom’ core domain and 'st' subdomain, which
indicates to the user is from the city of 'Split'. How server systems are mainly based on a
Unixlike operating systems, and almost all the members of the wide world of computer
networks, the use of local graphemes in computer name and domain name is not
recommended. Indeed, local graphemes are not recommended even when defining
username, name and surname, nor in the messages to be sent as well as to and content of
the message, because it is doubtful that some 'handle' interpret a server in America or Africa.
So instead ČŽŠ.. Should be used CZS.., basic ASCII characters. Local directories can contain
local institution graphemes in the names because they have international significance, but
not advisable.
The cost of sending electronic letters to any multimedia attachment to any Internet
user, regardless of the distance is less secure than sending greetings for the New Year
traditional postal services, particularly if it is sent through the mailing list. Difficulties may
arise if only the system administrator on the receiving side of the transmit or introduce
restrictive measures in respect of defence against unwanted attachment types in an
electronic letter for security needs.
In the business world, this type of communication is more prevalent. No more waiting
on the phone or fax machine to free selection signal or a sign of nervousness on the calendar.
This is irritating especially if the destination is no one to receive the message. Such a user
sends a message to his partner, an electronic mailbox that this will sooner or later read and
return the response.

News Groups
Service derived from email, which allows the public debate on various issues. As part of
this service, it is possible to follow the discussion on any topic or even start a new topic for
discussion. Similar to the email message is sent to all members of the group, and everyone
signed on the group read the message and optionally answer them. Very practical and
convenient to search for help in solving business problems.
'news://news.domain.hr/'
Almost every Internet service provider offers this very interesting and useful features.

FTP (File Transfer Protocol)

Before the World Wide Web and FTP was the only way to transfer large files between
computers of Internet users. Allows access to a computer on the Internet (if it's public or
available to the password), preview content on its hard disk, finding the necessary files and
copy on its own disk. This Internet service is not as simple as the World Wide Web, but it is
very useful.
 Using program support for FTP will set about establishing communication address is similar
as in the previous
Examples:
'ftp://ftp.domain.hr' or 'ftp://computer.domain.hr' or 'ftp://×××.×××.×××.×××'
File transfer function is increasingly taking the WWW, so that with a confirmation copy
selected files as needed and the auxiliary program with WWW browser (Get Right or similar)
which will take over the task of FTP transmission and after stop using the browser.

IRC (Internet Relay Chat)

This service allows the Internet to one or more of Internet users who are hooked to the
same channel at the same time see the text that you type on your computer, and the texts of
other active users typing on his computer. Channels to 'talk' to exist for almost all areas of
interest. This system is much faster than email because it is conducted almost simultaneously
send and read messages, but it is much more expensive than email, because it requires a long
term connection with the Internet, but only for those who pay for this service out of his own
pocket.

Telnet
Internet service that allows the user logs on and runs on a remote computer and use
programs installed on the remote computer. Of course, the remote computer must be
enabled in the user access rights to the computer. For security reasons this service on many
servers is not allowed. It is better to say that the Telnet 'Terminal Emulation', software which
to communicate with a computer connected via a TCP / IP stack. Thus, the emulator work
former unit called 'Terminal' (from the mainframe era). This same role today better
performed by programs that use SSH (Secure Shell) connections over TCP / IP as the carrier of
connection, but all traffic is encrypted. Although this mechanism provides plenty of security
in the work with the server, system administrators are reluctant to make this service available
to all users.

Voice / Video Communication Skype

Internet networking service that allows users to voice / video communication. This implies
that the devices that use this service have built-in camera and microphone. Although this
service is usually used for that purpose, in addition to communicate written messages,
internet calls, sharing information and much more. Can be used as a common telephone
communications. This service is based on the free program support allows free calls to anyone
who has installed a 'Skype' program support on his computer, anywhere in the world. Thanks
to the high speed internet communication has increasingly better quality. Can be achieved
over a fixed PTT communication lines or cell phones or send text messages at very reasonable
prices, without any special setup or subscriptions.
It should be emphasized that this is no communication between user devices (phones),
but between two user accounts registered on 'Skype' service which includes registration,
enter the username and password protected some basic personal information. The user can
later modify the information in their profiles as needed. 'Skype' has just developed that allows
retrieval of user account and select the desired action and can be installed on a PC with
Windows, Mac or Linux operating system, several kinds of mobile phones, and what is best to
communicate between multiple users in a commercial version it's the conference using the
'Skype Manager' program support to be purchased. Provides for the use of TV sets in
communication. So, a kind of free video phone, which offers even extra specific services. With
this program support the new generation of smartphones and tablets, using the resources of
the existing SOHO infrastructure, 'calling' becomes really cheap. This service should not be
confused with VoIP (Voice over Internet Protocol) technology that allows the transmission of
voice communications over Internet networks for the purpose of protocol design, that 'Skype'
is used in the sense of some kind of PeertoPeer (P2P) communication.
Something similar is service 'Viber' that allows free calls, SMS and MMS share content
with anyone, anywhere, but there is no ability to transfer video as 'Skype'. Similar to the above
mentioned is service 'WhatsApp', multiple platform mobile application to send messages in
real time.

Social networks
Social networks are a newer phenomenon and do not belong in a separate category
because they contain almost all of the previously mentioned services, unified to work in an
easy, friendly way. Not only does it allow communication among users but also represent a
form of socializing. There are already quite developed FORUMS, bulletin boards web version,
which uses a technology exchange text via the web site, or web sites. It is a debate on a topic
initiated by a member of the forum. As a rule, seek enrolment, mostly for free, using the
application type USER_NAME / PASSWORD, typically associated with a user's address in the
email regarding the identification. To service the forum is not abused in any way and to
respect the rules of acceptable behaviour take care administrators moderators appointed by
the forum owner of the forum members themselves who usually takes this obligation
voluntarily reported. These individuals may be excluded from membership and delete and
delete malicious content, basically supervise. Depending on the number of members, topic,
traffic, and the owner of the forum depends with how the server program to use the forums.
Purpose of writing by arbitrarily selected topics has a BLOG (contraction of the term
'web log'), a type of website that is usually maintained by an individual, is organized much like
a personal diary with respect to input regarding the content of the description of an event or
topic, with the possibility of enriching the content and graphics video. As a kind of diary of
events, entered contests are usually displayed in reverse chronological order. Usually allows
readers can add here your comments on the topic that is currently being processed..
One of the most popular is FACEBOOK, a social network where users can set up their
image, disclose your personal information, describe their interests, publish their written and
photographic pieces, develop some the mat discussions, etc. with the possibility that any of
the members receive in 'his 'group or a member of it off. A sort of meeting place, so it is
possible even to initiate effective political, protest, humanitarian or some other action. Has a
similar purpose, and TWITTER, social networks and micro blogging service, which uses instant
messaging, SMS or web content. There are also 'LinkedIn', 'Myspace', 'Tumblr', 'Instagram'
and the other, each with its own characteristics. What made them especially adorned with a
tremendously rapid dissemination of information, and misinformation. Thus, the negative
effects are possible.
Very specific Internet service YOUTUBE. Used to exchange video content where users
can upload, view and evaluate video, up to 'Full HD' resolution, respecting copyrights. It is
forbidden to support pornography, violence, crime, embarrassment and defamation, and
advertising. For your own protection YouTube reserves the right to use, modify and delete
content posted. In summary, one can find all sorts of things, from useful to useless content,
but also very funny and naughty and critical to everyday events. Whether it is a film and music
videos covering YouTube to be a free medium for promoting a filmmaker, musician or
politician and there have been cases where people have gained popularity in this way, and
then accepted by traditional media such as newspapers, radio and television.
Essentially all of these are web applications that typically require enrolment to confirm
the response to the email messages to prospective members. Registration is usually type
USER_NAME / PASSWORD or EMAIL / PASSWORD, and the user alone chooses who will be his
personal data are visible in your profile settings. But for one such network services server is
usually insufficient. Caring for their functioning in particular computers servers; datacentre.
The forerunner of the above was certainly B.B.S. era of modem communications.

Search Engines
Already these social networks to enable retrieval of content that is stored and monitored,
but a special group of interconnected computer servers in a DATACENTER and interconnected
datacentres in a unique system. The basic idea is that all registered facilities are located on
one or more servers can be found in some sort of elaborate directory by interest groups
(sports, music, movies ...). For this purpose, the contents should be reported to the owner
who approves the inclusion of datacentres facilities and reported its index. Advanced way of
this is that all of the reported content indexes and their keywords are ranked according to
their relevance. Through a simple form to enter the desired search term on the basis of which
offers all of the titles that describe the content of the list according to the achieved ranking.
So, basically it is a huge database that is constantly updated.
Almost every state has its own internal search engine, but the most interesting are
those international type as YAHOO!, GOOGLE and BING. Are listed in the order they occurred,
although they appear to their versions that preceded them, today its possibilities are not even
close. Course and apply them to the desired content complying with the prescribed rules.
Basically all are oriented to search HTML text or the images, though some of their skills are
recognized and other formats of documents and index them. Currently qualified as a browser
web content considered GOOGLE. In addition to enabling the global search and local search
free within declared site. Algorithm correspondence of new titles, indexing and ranking their
content daily in construction, a mechanism for storing data and their storage is not reduced
more on copying disks themselves but to each other constantly copying content themselves
datacentre which has quite a few in the world, about forty. Seen from the perspective
described something of very great importance should be kept by them.

Wikipedia
A free encyclopaedia built collaboratively using wiki software (Creative Commons
Attribution Share Alike License). Wikipedia was founded in 2001 as a project for the
construction of encyclopaedia, which is accessed via the Internet (online), on the basis of free
access and the creation of free content. Since then, it has grown into the largest
encyclopaedia ever created, which includes more than five million articles in the English
language, and relies on the contribution of volunteers. Although Wikipedia has achieved
incredible success, there remains a lot of work in progress. There are still large gaps in the
coverage important themes with the appropriate articles. Many articles, even those vital, is
not yet considered as high quality. It was established more than 200 editions in non-English
languages, at the local level where most missing volunteers. There are still many
inconsistencies and a lot of work that needs to be done about it.
Since articles generally not reviewed by the authorized institutions, it is very questionable
how much can be written in trust, in particular as regards the historical events at the local
level. Technical articles are mostly credible, but for other questionable credibility. Essentially
useful service, but the desired content should always be carefully considered.

WebHosting (DATACENTER)
No long that it is the development of technology, high-speed computers and Internet
connections, provided that the user can purchase a server in a datacentres, who cares about
the correctness of the service provider, and in which the user via FTP Service set up your web
content (web hosting). Of course the service is paid, but in the age of virtualization computing
platforms becoming cheaper and more accessible with very reasonable prices. What set the
servers and as a server lease depends on the users. This requires the lease currently available
domain names and site facilities in which servers become recognizable. 'IT Alphabet' uses just
one of them and has been reported in the previously mentioned search engines. The basic
difference with the search engines is that in these datacentres care about the content (data)
leads users, the concern for the safety of equipment and access to available web content
leading provider of these services. Impressive is the concept of 'Google container data centre'
that uses Google.
A display datacentres is one of many around the World to allow 'GOOGLE' services,
mostly free, which has quite a few (search, maps, translation, AdSense, Analytics ...). Google
has largely contributed to advanced understanding of the Internet, and in this sense, their
contribution to humanity is very significant.
Electronic versions of NEWSPAPERS and PERIODICALS is also one of the most important
services. Main service is not fully available, in addition to the subscription, which is often not
expensive and allows access to archived editions. Similar is with the offer of books and
multimedia content. In addition to this specialized sites (PORTAL) offers a variety of facilities,
from the amendments set out TV content, educational facilities, entertainment facilities to
the ××× content. The variety is so great that it is very difficult to share content in a few
categories. The above is fundamentally changing habits of users, especially the growing
popularity of tablets, which are becoming, for example, an free integral part of restaurants
offering. With the morning coffee not to use a paper version of the newspaper rather than a
tablet. From the above it is clear why the quality of the program for viewing Internet content
(browser) is given more prominence.
What has set up 'Google' with its 'Android' platform, and skilfully used 'Facebook' and
others, and is the basis of working at recent 'Windows' operating systems data storage in one
location (OneDrive storage), more correctly data centres that are continuously
interconnected copy and synchronize data and presented to the user as a single group CLOUD,
somewhere on the Internet, a trend that is increasingly spreading to enable the user to use
their data anywhere and anytime, even with different platforms (PC, Tablet , Mobile ...). To
preserve the privacy of the user traffic to the cloud must be encrypted, so if security required
and the data itself is encrypted. On this principle, essentially functioning banks and public
institutions that offer customers a variety of services; bill payment, payment processing,
issuing various documents and the like.
As usual, the service should be paid, under the principle of 'How much money so much
music.', But the services that are beneficial to the general welfare generally are not charged.
Membership in some places costs, especially those that contain pirated or ××× content. To
get the best quality movies, and other video and music content has to be paid. Some of the
games can be played free of charge online, but if you want to play efficient with others on the
net, or for example a good tank Armor pay. Membership at gambling sites and the like is
mostly free, but do not be fooled by the fact that you will earn some money there. But there
are ways to earn something in a legitimate way like a free lottery. Each of the icons shown is
a link to some of their sites that have a very different design and working style. For more
information, see Chapter 7.7. Just click on any of the icons at the beginning or end of this
paragraph.