ASVAB Core Review

6526_ASVABCore_3e(FIN).
qx 11/14/08 4:50 PM Page i
ASVAB
CORE REVIEW
Third Edition
NEW YORK
6526_ASVABCore_3e(FIN).qx 11/14/08 4:50 PM Page ii
Copyright © 2009 LearningExpress, LLC.
All rights reserved under International and Pan-American Copyright Conventions. Published in the United
States by LearningExpress, LLC, New York.
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

ASVAB Core review.—3rd ed.
p.cm.
978-1-57685-666-6 (pbk. : alk. paper)

1. Armed Services Vocational Aptitude Battery—Study guides. I. LearningExpress (Organization)
U408.5.A84 2008
355.0076—dc22 2008034684
Printed in the United States of America
9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
Third Edition
Regarding the Information in this Book

We attempt to verify the information presented in our books prior to publication. It is always a good idea, how-
ever, to double-check such important information as minimum requirements, application and testing proce-
dures, and deadlines with your local recruitment agency, as such information can change from time to time.
For information on LearningExpress, other LearningExpress products, or bulk sales, please write to us at:
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6526_ASVABCore_3e(FIN).qx 11/14/08 4:50 PM Page iii
Contents
CHAPTER 1 What Is the ASVAB Core? 1
CHAPTER 2 Getting Into the Military 7
CHAPTER 3 The Score You Need to Enlist 15
CHAPTER 4 The LearningExpress Test Preparation System 21
CHAPTER 5 Practice ASVAB Core Test 1 37
CHAPTER 6 Math Review 61
CHAPTER 7 Math Practice 101
CHAPTER 8 Word Knowledge Review 111
CHAPTER 9 Word Knowledge Practice 121
CHAPTER 10 Paragraph Comprehension Review 129
CHAPTER 11 Reading Practice 139
iii
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6526_ASVABCore_3e(FIN).qx 11/14/08 4:50 PM Page 1
C H A P T E R
1 What Is the
ASVAB Core?
CHAPTER SUMMARY
In order to enlist in the military, you have to take the Armed Services
Vocational Aptitude Battery (ASVAB). But you have to pass only four of
the nine subtests on the paper-and-pencil ASVAB to qualify for enlist-
ment. This chapter explains those four subtests and shows you how
to use this book to score your best.
T he paper-and-pencil ASVAB is a multiple-aptitude test battery consisting of nine subtests. Five of these
subtests—General Science, Auto and Shop Information, Mechanical Comprehension, Assembling
Objects, and Electronics Information—are designed to determine what your aptitudes are for different
jobs. However, only four of the ASVAB subtests—Arithmetic Reasoning, Word Knowledge, Paragraph Compre-
hension, and Mathematics Knowledge—count toward your Armed Forces Qualifying Test (AFQT) score, which
determines whether or not you can enlist in the military. This book will cover only the four subtests that count
toward your AFQT, referred to in this book as the ASVAB core.
1
– WHAT IS THE ASVAB CORE? –
NUMBER OF ITEMS AND TESTING TIME FOR THE ASVAB

SUBTEST NUMBER OF QUESTIONS TIME (MINUTES)
General Science (GS) 25 11
Arithmetic Reasoning (AR) 30 36
Word Knowledge (WK) 35 11
Paragraph Comprehension (PC) 15 13
Mathematics Knowledge (MK) 25 24
Electronics Information (El) 20 9
Auto and Shop Information (AS) 25 11
Mechanical Comprehension (MC) 25 19
Assembling Objects (AO) 25 15
Total 225 items 149 minutes
Note: Bolded items count toward the Armed Forces Qualifying Test (AFQT) score.
The Four ASVAB Core Subtests Part 2: Word Knowledge

The Word Knowledge subtest consists of 35 questions
Following is a more detailed description of each of the that ask you to choose the correct definitions of verbs,
four subtests that counts towards the AFQT score. nouns, adjectives, and adverbs. These questions come
in two forms:
Part 1: Arithmetic Reasoning
The Arithmetic Reasoning subtest consists of 30 word ■ definitions presented alone, with no context
problems describing everyday life situations, which are ■ words in the context of a short sentence
designed to measure your reasoning skills and under-
standing of: The vocabulary skills you need for the Word
Knowledge subtest are presented in Chapter 8. Chap-
■ operations with whole numbers ter 9 gives you more practice using these skills.
■ operations with fractions and decimals or money
■ ratio and proportion Part 3: Paragraph
■ interest and percentage Comprehension
■ measurement of perimeters, areas, volumes, and The Paragraph Comprehension subtest is 15 questions
time and temperature based on several short passages written on a variety of
topics. No prior knowledge of the subject will be
Chapter 6 will review math and Chapter 7 gives required—all the information you will need to answer
you extra practice in math. the questions will be found in the passage. The ques-
tions test two different skills:
2
■ Literal comprehension: your ability to identify About the CAT-ASVAB

stated facts, identify reworded facts, and deter- (Computer-adaptive Version)
mine the sequence of events
■ Implicit, inferential, or critical comprehension: About 70% of military applicants take the computer
your ability to draw conclusions; identify the version of the ASVAB, called the CAT-ASVAB. The
main idea of a paragraph; determine the author’s CAT-ASVAB is a computer-adaptive test, which means
purpose, mood, or tone; and identify style and that the test adapts to your ability level. The computer
technique will give you the first question, and, if you answer cor-
rectly, it gives you another question on the same
Chapter 10 gives you the skills you need to do well subject—but this one is a bit harder than the first. The
on this subtest. Chapter 11 gives you more instruction questions get harder as you progress, and, after you
on how to read well, and also gives you more practice answer a certain number correctly, the computer skips
reading questions. to the next subtest. So, you could get eight questions
right, for example, and then the computer might go to
Part 4: Mathematics Knowledge the next subtest instead of requiring you to answer all
The Mathematics Knowledge subtest consists of 25 16 questions in the previous subtest. It also differs from
questions designed to measure your understanding of the paper-and-pencil version in the following ways:
mathematical concepts, principles, and procedures.
The emphasis is on your ability to recognize and apply ■ It consists of ten subtests, but the same four sub-
basic mathematical principles. The questions cover: tests (Arithmetic Reasoning, Word Knowledge,
Paragraph Comprehension, and Mathematics
■ Number theory: factors, multiples, reciprocals, Knowledge) count toward your AFQT score.
number properties, primes, integers ■ Auto Information and Shop Information subtests
■ Numeration: fractional parts, decimals, percent- are administered separately, but the results are
ages, and conversions; order of operations; expo- combined into one score (labeled AS).
nents; rounding; reducing fractions; roots and ■ The test takes about 112 hours to complete.
radicals; signed numbers ■ Each subtest must be completed within a certain
■ Algebraic operations and equations: solving or timeframe, but most individuals complete the
determining equations, factoring, simplifying subtest before the time limit.
algebraic expressions, converting a sentence to an ■ Once you have completed a subtest, you do not
equation have to wait for everyone else to finish; you can
■ Geometry and measurement: coordinates and move on to the next subtest.
slope, Pythagorean theorem, angle measurement, ■ As you complete each subtest, the computer dis-
properties of polygons and circles, perimeter, plays the number of items and amount of time
area, volume, unit conversion remaining for that subtest in the lower right-hand
■ Probability: determining the likelihood of an corner.
event occurring or not ■ Once an answer has been submitted, you cannot
review it or change it.
These mathematical concepts are covered in ■ Test scores are available as soon as the test session
Chapter 6 of this book, and Chapter 7 presents more is complete.
problems for extra practice.
3
■ If you choose to take the CAT-ASVAB, you will be ■ The number of subtests, number of questions,
trained on answering test questions, using the and time limits of the CAT-ASVAB differ from
computer keyboard and mouse, and getting help. those of the paper-and-pencil version, as follows:
NUMBER OF ITEMS AND TESTING TIME FOR THE CAT-ASVAB

SUBTEST NUMBER OF QUESTIONS TIME (MINUTES)
General Science (GS) 16 8
Arithmetic Reasoning (AR) 16 39
Word Knowledge (WK) 16 8
Paragraph Comprehension (PC) 11 22
Mathematics Knowledge (MK) 16 18
Electronics Information (EI) 16 8
Auto Information (AI) 11 6
Shop Information (SI) 11 5
Mechanical Comprehension (MC) 16 20
Assembling Objects (AO) 16 12
Total 145 items 146 minutes
Note: Bolded items count toward the Armed Forces Qualifying Test (AFQT) score.
Arranging to Take the ASVAB What the ASVAB Means

for You
If you are in high school, ask your guidance counselor
about taking the ASVAB. Many high schools offer the If you want to enter the military, everything is riding on
ASVAB at a specific time during the school year. your ASVAB score. Your scores on the four subtests of
If you are on your own, go to the nearest the ASVAB covered in this book—the AFQT—deter-
recruiter of the branch of the armed services you’re mine whether you can get in at all. Once you are in,
interested in. There is no charge to take the ASVAB. scores on the other subtests determine for which jobs,
Taking the exam does not obligate you to join the or Military Occupational Specialties, you will be
military, although you can probably expect to receive allowed to train. For instance, if you want to learn to be
more detailed information about the many job a computer operator, you need good scores in Para-
opportunities available through the Army, Air Force, graph Comprehension, Word Knowledge, Mathemat-
Navy, Marine Corps, and Coast Guard. ics Knowledge, General Science, and Mechanical
Comprehension. But if you don’t meet a certain mini-
mum score in Paragraph Comprehension, Word
Knowledge, Arithmetic Reasoning, and Mathematics
Knowledge, you won’t even be able to enlist.
4
If you are looking toward a career in the armed Armed with the knowledge you have gained in
forces, you need to score well on the ASVAB. Fortu- the first four chapters, take the first of three practice
nately, this book is here to help. tests in Chapter 5. By taking this test, you will be able
to see how you would perform if it were test day. Eval-
uating your score will enable you to identify your
How to Use This Book strengths and weaknesses in order to tailor the rest of
to Increase Your Score your preparation before the actual test. Chapters 6
through 11 include targeted review and practice for
The key to success in almost any field is to prepare for each of the four subtests that count toward the all-
all you’re worth. One of the very best ways to prepare important AFQT score.
for the ASVAB is to read and study this book, take the Finally, Chapters 12 and 13 include two addi-
practice tests, and measure how you are progressing. tional practice tests. Use these two tests to track your
To ensure you are clear on the basic information, progress from the time of the first test. You can return
start by reading Chapter 2, which explains the recruit- to the review and practice chapters as needed to ensure
ment and enlistment process, and how the ASVAB fits that you are focusing on the material you find most
into that process. To learn more about the score you difficult.
need to enlist, read Chapter 3. Practice and preparation are the keys to doing
Next, Chapter 4 takes you through the Learning- well on this or any exam. This book will give you every-
Express Test Preparation System. The nine steps in this thing you need to score your best. Good luck!
chapter will ensure you are in top physical and mental
shape to do your best on test day.
5
C H A P T E R
2 Getting into
the Military
CHAPTER SUMMARY
You may find joining the military an appealing career choice. Once you
have made the decision that the military is where you are headed, you
will need to be armed with information about the enlistment process.
That is what this chapter addresses.
Y our introduction to the enlistment process usually starts with a visit to your local recruiting office.
A look in the yellow pages of your phone book under “Recruiting” should give you the phone num-
bers and addresses of the nearest offices, or you can look in the blue government pages for one of
the specific branches, if you have already decided on one.
Don’t narrow your options too soon, though. If you are thinking of a career in the military, try visiting a
recruiter from each of the five branches—Army, Navy, Air Force, Marines, and Coast Guard. There are lots of sim-
ilarities, but the subtle differences in what each branch of service has to offer you could make a world of differ-
ence in your career.
7
Important Documents
Throughout the enlistment process, you will have to present certain documents. Have the following items avail-
able to ensure you are prepared:
■ birth certificate or other proof of citizenship and date of birth
■ valid Social Security card or two other pieces of Social Security identification
■ high school diploma or GED certificate
■ letter or transcript documenting your midterm graduation from high school, if applicable
■ college transcript, if applicable, showing credits earned
■ parental or guardian consent form if you are under 18 years old
■ medical records if you have, or have a history of, a special medical condition(s)
■ marriage certificate, if applicable
■ divorce papers, if applicable
Basic Requirements questions as you want and to get a detailed picture of

what each branch has to offer if you shop around. All
There are certain requirements you will have to meet in recruiters will have brochures, videotapes, pamphlets,
order to enlist in any branch of the military, and each and years of personal experience to offer as resources.
branch has different requirements. Generally speak- Don’t be afraid to bring along a parent or a trusted
ing, you must: friend to help you ask questions. A professional military
recruiter won’t mind the extra set of eyes and ears.
■ be a U.S. citizen or permanent resident alien You can ask about the service and its benefits—
■ be between 17 and 42 years of age, with a parent salaries and fringe benefits, postings, and educational
or guardian’s permission if you are opportunities, including financial aid for college once
under 18 you get out. (See the tables on pages 9 and 10 for the
■ have a high school diploma or GED basic salary for various grades of enlisted personnel in
■ be drug-free and in good physical condition all the services.) The recruiter will also ask about you:
■ have a clean arrest record your education, your physical and mental health, and
all sorts of in-depth questions about your goals, inter-
It is important to be truthful with your recruiter ests, hobbies, and life experience.
about any trouble you have had in the past with drugs Before you take the Armed Services Vocational
or with the law. Criminal history checks are conducted Aptitude Battery (ASVAB), you will be given a brief test
on applicants. However, some kinds of problems can be designed to give the recruiter an idea of how well you
overcome, if they are really in the past and are not cur- will perform on the real test. This pretest covers math
rent difficulties. Check with your recruiter. and vocabulary. Although the paper-and-pencil ASVAB
has nine different subtests, it’s the math and verbal
portions that determine whether or not you pass the
Working with Your Recruiter test. The other sections are designed to discover what
your aptitudes are for different jobs. There is no limit
The recruiter is there to help you. In speaking with him to how many times you can take this brief test in the
or her, you will have the opportunity to ask as many recruiter’s office.
8
– GETTING INTO THE MILITARY –
EFFECTIVE 1 JANUARY 2008
MONTHLY BASIC PAY TABLE
The 2008 Military Pay Chart

Pay
Grade <2 2 3 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20
COMMISSIONED OFFICERS
O-10 $0.00 $0.00 $0.00 $0.00 $0.00 $0.00 $0.00 $0.00 $0.00 $0.00 $0.00 $14137.20
O-9 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 12364.80
O-8 8748.90 9035.10 9225.60 9278.70 9516.00 9912.30 10004.70 10381.20 10488.90 10813.50 11282.40 11715.30
O-7 7269.60 7607.40 7763.70 7887.90 8112.60 8334.90 8591.70 8847.90 9105.00 9912.30 10594.20 10594.20
O-6 5388.30 5919.30 6307.80 6307.80 6331.80 6603.30 6639.00 6639.00 7016.40 7683.60 8075.10 8466.30
O-5 4491.60 5059.80 5410.50 5476.20 5694.60 5825.70 6113.10 6324.00 6596.40 7013.70 7212.00 7408.50
O-4 3875.70 4486.50 4785.60 4852.50 5130.30 5428.20 5799.00 6088.20 6288.90 6404.10 6471.00 6471.00
O-3 3407.40 3862.80 4169.40 4545.60 4763.10 5002.20 5157.00 5411.40 5543.40 5543.40 5543.40 5543.40
O-2 2943.90 3353.10 3861.90 3992.40 4074.30 4074.30 4074.30 4074.30 4074.30 4074.30 4074.30 4074.30
O-1 2555.70 2659.80 3215.10 3215.10 3215.10 3215.10 3215.10 3215.10 3215.10 3215.10 3215.10 3215.10
COMMISSIONED OFFICERS WITH OVER 4 YEARS ACTIVE DUTY SERVICE AS AN ENLISTED MEMBER OR WARRANT OFFICER
O-3E 0.00 0.00 0.00 4545.60 4763.10 5002.20 5157.00 5411.40 5625.60 5748.60 5916.00 5916.00
O-2E 0.00 0.00 0.00 3992.40 4074.30 4204.20 4423.20 4592.40 4718.40 4718.40 4718.40 4718.40
O-1E 0.00 0.00 0.00 3215.10 3433.80 3560.40 3690.30 3817.80 3992.40 3992.40 3992.40 3992.40
WARRANT OFFICERS
W-5 $0.00 $0.00 $0.00 $0.00 $0.00 $0.00 $0.00 $0.00 $0.00 $0.00 $0.00 $6261.30
W-4 3521.10 3788.10 3896.70 4003.80 4188.00 4370.10 4554.60 4832.70 5076.00 5307.60 5496.90 5681.70
W-3 3215.40 3349.80 3486.90 3532.20 3676.20 3959.70 4254.90 4393.80 4554.30 4719.90 5017.50 5218.80
W-2 2845.50 3114.60 3197.40 3254.70 3439.20 3726.00 3867.90 4008.00 4179.00 4312.50 4434.00 4578.60
W-1 2497.80 2766.00 2838.00 2991.60 3172.50 3438.60 3562.80 3736.50 3907.50 4041.90 4165.50 4316.10
ENLISTED MEMBERS
E-9 $0.00 $0.00 $0.00 $0.00 $0.00 $0.00 $4254.60 $4350.90 $4472.40 $4615.50 $4759.20 $4990.50
E-8 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 3482.70 3636.90 3732.30 3846.60 3970.20 4193.70 4306.80
E-7 2421.00 0310.40 2743.50 2877.90 2982.30 3162.00 3263.10 3443.10 3592.50 3694350 3803.10 3845.40
E-6 2094.00 2304.00 2405.70 2504.40 2607.60 2840.10 2930.40 3105.00 3158.70 3197.70 3243.30 3243.30
E-5 1918.80 2047.20 2145.90 2247.30 2405.10 2570.70 2705.40 2722.20 2722.20 2722.20 2722.20 2722.20
E-4 1758.90 1848.90 1949.10 2047.80 2135.10 2135.10 2135.10 2135.10 2135.10 2135.10 2135.10 2135.10
E-3 1587.90 1687.80 1789.80 1789.80 1789.80 1789.80 1789.80 1789.80 1789.80 1789.80 1789.80 1789.80
E-2 1509.90 1509.90 1509.90 1509.90 1509.90 1509.90 1509.90 1509.90 1509.90 1509.90 1509.90 1509.90
E-1 1347.00 1347.00 1347.00 1347.00 1347.00 1347.00 1347.00 1347.00 1347.00 1347.00 1347.00 1347.00
E-1<4 1245.90
E-1<4 refers to members who have served less than 4 months on active duty.
FY2008. 3.5% Pay Raise Increase. Public Law No. 110-181 National Defense Auth. Act, signed into law on January 28, 2008.
Level N and Level V of the Executive Schedule Increased by 2.5%
NOTE: Basic Pay for 07-010 is limited to level III of the executive schedule ($14,349.90)
NOTE: Basic Pay for 06 and below is limited to level V of the Executive schedule ($11,623.40)
9
EFFECTIVE 1 JANUARY 2008
MONTHLY BASIC PAY TABLE
THE 2008 MILITARY PAY CHART (CONTINUED)

Pay
Grade 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40
COMMISSIONED OFFICERS
O-10 $14,206.20 $14,349.90 $14,349.90 $14349.90 $14349.90 $14349.90 $14349.90 $14349.90 $14349.90 $14349.90
O-9 12542.70 12800.10 13249.20 13249.20 13911.90 13911.90 14349.90 14349.90 14349.90 14349.90
O-8 12004.20 12004.20 12004.20 12004.20 12304.50 12304.50 12612.30 12612.30 12612.30 12612.30
O-7 10594.20 10594.20 10647.90 10647.90 10860.90 10860.90 10860.9 10860.9 10860.90 10860.90
O-6 8688.90 8914.50 9351.90 9351.90 9538.80 9538.80 9538.80 9538.80 9538.80 9538.80
O-5 7631.10 7631.10 7631.10 7631.10 7631.10 7631.10 7631.10 7631.10 7631.10 7631.10
O-4 6471.00 6471.00 6471.00 6471.00 6471.00 6471.00 6471.00 6471.00 6471.00 6471.00
O-3 5543.40 5543.40 5543.40 5543.40 5543.40 5543.40 5543.40 5543.40 5543.40 5543.40
O-2 4074.30 4074.30 4074.30 4074.30 4074.30 4074.30 4074.30 4074.30 4074.30 4074.30
O-1 3215.10 3215.10 3215.10 3215.10 3215.10 3215.10 3215.10 3215.10 3215.10 3215.10
COMMISSIONED OFFICERS WITH OVER 4 YEARS ACTIVE DUTY SERVICE AS AN ENLISTED MEMBER OR WARRANT OFFICER
O-3E $5916.00 $5916.00 $5916.00 $5916.00 $5916.00 $5916.00 $5916.00 $5916.00 $5916.00 $5916.00
O-2E 4718.40 4718.40 4718.40 4718.40 4718.40 4718.40 4718.40 4718.40 4718.40 4718.40
O-1E 3992.40 3992.40 3992.40 3992.40 3992.40 3992.40 3992.40 3992.40 3992.40 3992.40
WARRANT OFFICERS
W-5 $6579.00 $6815.40 $7077.60 $7077.60 $7431.60 $7431.60 $7803.30 $7803.30 $8193.60 $8193.60
W-4 5953.50 6176.40 6431.10 6431.10 6559.50 6559.50 6559.50 6559.50 6559.50 6559.50
W-3 5339.10 5466.90 5640.90 5640.90 5640.90 5640.90 5640.90 5640.90 5640.90 5640.90
W-2 4674.00 4749.90 4749.90 4749.90 4749.90 4749.90 4749.90 4749.90 4749.90 4749.90
W-1 4316.10 4316.10 4316.10 4316.10 4316.10 4316.10 4316.10 4316.10 4316.10 4316.10
ENLISTED MEMBERS
E-9 $5185.80 $5391.60 $5705.70 $5705.70 $5705.70 $5705.70 $5705.70 $5705.70 $5705.70 $5705.70
E-8 4499.40 4606.20 4869.60 4869.60 4967.10 4967.10 4967.10 4967.10 4967.10 4967.10
E-7 3986.70 4062.60 4351.20 4351.20 4351.20 4351.20 4351.20 4351.20 4351.20 4351.20
E-6 3986.70 4062.60 4351.20 4351.20 4351.20 4351.20 4351.20 4351.20 4351.20 4351.20
E-5 2722.20 2722.20 2722.20 2722.20 2722.20 2722.20 2722.20 2722.20 2722.20 2722.20
E-4 2135.10 2135.10 2135.10 2135.10 2135.10 2135.10 2135.10 2135.10 2135.10 2135.10
E-3 1789.80 1789.80 1789.80 1789.80 1789.80 1789.80 1789.80 1789.80 1789.80 1789.80
E-2 1509.90 1509.90 1509.90 1509.90 1509.90 1509.90 1509.90 1509.90 1509.90 1509.90
E-1 1347.00 1347.00 1347.00 1347.00 1347.00 1347.00 1347.00 1347.00 1347.00 1347.00
E-1 with less than 4 months of service $1245.90
10
Your recruiter will talk to you about the benefits of Your schedule may vary from the one outlined
enlisting: the pay, the travel, the experience, and the here, depending on how much of the process you have
training. You and your recruiter can also start to discuss completed in advance. Some applicants, for example,
the kinds of jobs available to you in the military. But may have already taken the ASVAB at a Mobile Exam-
before that discussion can go very far, you will have to ining Team (MET) site near their hometown recruiting
be tested to see first, if you can enlist, and second, what station.
specialties you qualify for. That’s where your trip to the
Military Entrance Processing Station (MEPS) comes in. Mental (Aptitude) Testing
Your day at MEPS will most likely begin with the
ASVAB, if you haven’t already taken it. (See Chapter 1,
Militar y Entrance “What Is the ASVAB Core?”) Don’t underestimate the
Processing Station (MEPS) impact the ASVAB will have on your entry into the
military. Results of the ASVAB test and the physical and
Your recruiter will schedule you for a trip to a MEPS in mental exam you receive during the entrance process
your area—there is one in almost every state—for a day are used to determine whether or not you can join the
of written and physical testing. You will travel as a branch of the military you prefer and which training
guest of Uncle Sam by plane, train, bus, or car, depend- programs you are qualified to enter.
ing on how far away you live from the nearest facility. Some MEPS now conduct ASVAB testing by com-
MEPS schedules may vary a little from area to area, but puter. However, most MEPS do not have enough com-
they all operate five days per week and are open a few puters to test everyone. If you notice that some
Saturdays during the year. If for any reason you are applicants are taken to a room with the computer test-
required to stay overnight for testing, then the military ing and the others are required to take the ASVAB with
will pay for your hotel room and meals. pen and paper, don’t worry. Either way, the information
The MEPS is where all applicants for every branch and skills you need remain the same.
of the military begin the enlistment process. So, even if
the Marine Corps is your future employer, you can Medical Exam
expect to see staff wearing Navy blue, Army green, or Next is the medical exam. All of the doctors you will see
Air Force blue. When you walk through the door, you at this point are civilians. You will see them at least three
will check in at the control desk and be sent to the liai- times during the day. During the first visit, you and the
son office for your branch of the service. medical staff will thoroughly pore over your medical
prescreening form, your medical history form, and all of
the medical records your recruiter has told you to bring.
Your MEPS Day at a Glance This meeting will be one-on-one.
After this meeting, you will move on to the exam-
During your day at MEPS you will go through three ining room. In the exam, you will strip down to your
phases: underwear and perform a series of about 20 exercises that
will let the medical staff see how your limbs and joints
■ mental (aptitude) testing work. You may be with a group of other applicants of the
■ medical exam same sex during this examination, or you may be alone
■ administrative paperwork with the doctor.
11
During your third meeting with the doctor, you will show which military jobs are best suited to you.
will receive a routine physical. Among the procedures Then, you can begin asking questions about your career
you can expect are: options. Before you leave the room, you will know:
■ blood pressure evaluation ■ for which jobs you are qualified

■ pulse rate evaluation ■ which jobs suit your personality, abilities, and
■ heart and lung check interests
■ evaluation of blood and urine samples ■ which jobs are available
■ eye exam ■ when that training is available
■ hearing exam
■ height-proportional-to-weight check You will also be able to decide whether you pre-
■ chest X-ray fer to enter the military on that day or to go in under
■ HIV test the Delayed Entry Program. Some applicants raise their
right hand during swearing-in ceremonies at the end of
Female applicants will be given a pelvic/rectal the processing day, while others prefer to go home and
examination. Another woman will be present during decide what they want to do.
this procedure, but otherwise, the exam will be con- Either way, it’s critical that you ask as many ques-
ducted in private. tions as possible during this visit with the counselor.
After these checks, you will find out whether your Take your time, and be sure you know what you want
physical condition is adequate. If the medical staff before you go any further in the process. Be aware,
uncovers a problem that will keep you from joining the though, that the seats in the popular training programs
service, they will discuss the matter with you. In some go fast. The earlier you make your decision, the more
cases, the doctor may tell you that you are being dis- likely you will have a chance to get what you really
qualified at the moment, but that you can come back want.
at a later date to try again. For example, if you are over-
weight, you could lose a few pounds and then come
back to the MEPS for another try. Delayed Entr y Program
If the doctor wants to have a medical specialist
examine you for some reason, you may have to stay The Delayed Entry Program allows you to enlist with
overnight, or the doctor may schedule an appointment your chosen branch of the military and report for duty
for a later date—at the military’s expense, of course. up to 365 days later. This is a popular program for stu-
Unless you do need to see a specialist, the medical dents who are still in high school or for those who
exam should take no more than three hours. have other obligations that prevent them from leaving
for basic training right away.
Paperwork
The rest of your day will be taken up with administrative
concerns. First, you will meet with the guidance coun- Basic Training
selor for your branch of the service. He or she will take
the results of your physical test, your ASVAB score, and Everything you have done has been leading up to this
all the other information you have provided and enter moment—the day you leave for Basic Training. You will
this information into a computer system. The computer report back to the MEPS to prepare to leave for Basic
12
BASIC TRAINING (BY BRANCH)

BRANCH LOCATION OF BASIC TRAINING FACILITY LENGTH OF TRAINING
Army Fort Benning, Fort Benning, GA; 9 weeks

Fort Jackson, Columbia, SC;
Fort Knox, Louisville, KY;
Fort Leonard Wood, Waynesville, MO;
Fort Sill, Lawton, OK
Navy Great Lakes Recruit Training Depot in Great Lakes, IL 8 weeks
Air Force Lackland Air Force Base, San Antonio, TX 621 weeks
Marine Corps Marine Corps Recruit Depot (MCRD) Parris Island, 12 weeks
Parris Island, SC, or MCRD San Diego, San Diego, CA*
Coast Guard Cape May Coast Guard Training Center, Cape May, NJ 8 weeks
*All female Marines attend Basic at Parris Island. All men from the East Coast attend Parris Island. All men from
the West Coast attend San Diego.
Training. If you have been in the Delayed Entry Pro- ■ orientation briefings
gram, you will get a last-minute mini-physical to make ■ uniform distribution
sure your condition is still up to par. You will also be asked ■ records processing
about any changes that might affect your eligibility since ■ I.D. card preparation
the last time you were at MEPS. If you have been arrested ■ barracks upkeep training
or had any medical problems, now is the time to speak up. ■ drill and ceremony instruction
Your orders and records will be completed at MEPS, ■ physical training (PT)
and then you are on your way to Basic, by plane, bus, or
car—it will all be at military expense. Where you train will You will be assigned to a group of recruits rang-
depend on the branch of service. The Air Force, Navy, and ing from 35 to 80 people. The Navy and Coast Guard
Coast Guard each has only one training facility. The call this training group a “company,” the Army and
Marines has two, and the Army has quite a few because Marine Corps call it a “platoon,” and the Air Force
where the Army sends you will depend on the specialized calls it a “flight.” And let’s not forget your supervisor for
training you signed up for at the MEPS. these early days of your military career—the drill
instructor. This is your primary instructor throughout
The First Few Days the day.
No matter which branch of service you join, the first
few days of Basic are pretty much the same. You will The Following Weeks
spend time at an intake facility, where you will be From the intake facility, you will go to your Basic Train-
assigned to a basic training unit and undergo a quick- ing site. You can expect your training day to start
paced introduction to your branch of the service. Your around 5:00 a.m. and officially end around 9:00 p.m.
days will include: Most Saturdays and Sundays are light training days. You
won’t have much free time, and your ability to travel
13
away from your unit on weekends will be very limited, ENLISTMENT DURATIONS
if you get this privilege at all. In most cases, you will not BY BRANCH
be eligible to take leave (vacation time) until after Basic BRANCH TERMS OF
OF SERVICE ENLISTMENT
Training, although exceptions can sometimes be made
in case of family emergency. Army 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6 years
The subjects you learn in Basic Training include:
Navy 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, or 8–10 years
■ military courtesy Air Force 4 or 6 years

■ military regulations
Marine Corps 4, 5, or 6 years
■ military rules of conduct
■ hygiene and sanitation Coast Guard 4 or 6 years
■ organization and mission
■ handling and care of weapons
■ tactics and training related specifically to your Lifetime Opportunities
service Basic Training, no matter which branch of the service
you choose, is a time in your life that you will never for-
While you are in Basic Training, you can expect get. No one is promising you it will be pleasant, but
plenty of physical training. Physical fitness is critical during this time you will forge lifelong friendships, and
for trainees, and your drill instructor will keep tabs on the opportunities you will have during and after your
your progress throughout Basic Training by giving military service will be unparalleled. You may choose a
you tests periodically. Your best bet is to start a run- lifetime career in the military, or you may use it as a
ning and weight-lifting program the instant you make springboard to a rewarding career in the private sector.
your decision to join the military. Recruits in all Either way, your future starts now, and this book is
branches of the service run mile after mile, perform designed to prepare you for it.
hundreds of sit-ups and push-ups, and become
closely acquainted with obstacle courses. These
courses differ in appearance from facility to facility,
but they all require the same things: plenty of upper
body strength and overall endurance, as well as the
will to succeed.
14
C H A P T E R
3 The Score You

Need to Enlist
CHAPTER SUMMARY
To get the most out of this book, you must know the score you need
to get into the service branch of your choice. This chapter walks you
step-by-step through the process of converting your scores on the
practice tests in this book into the scores the military uses, so you can
tell whether you make the grade.
W hen you take the three practice tests in this book, you will want to know whether your scores
measure up. You will need some patience here. There are several different kinds of composite
scores you will need to compute from your raw scores on the individual parts of the ASVAB.
Calculating Your Score
Your first step is to convert the raw scores you get on your first practice exam (Chapter 5) to the scores the military
uses to compute the composite score that says whether or not you can enlist. This is the Armed Forces Qualifying
Test score, or AFQT.
In the table on page 16, write your scores on the Practice ASVAB Core Test 1 in the column that says “Raw
Score” under Practice Test 1. Your raw score is simply the number you got right on that subtest. For the raw score
in the last blank, Verbal Expression, add together your raw scores on both the Word Knowledge (WK) and Para-
graph Comprehension (PC) subtests.
15
– THE SCORE YOU NEED TO ENLIST –
Note that blanks are also provided for Practice All of the score conversions throughout this chap-
ASVAB Core Test 2 and Practice ASVAB Core Test 3; you ter are approximate. Different versions of the ASVAB
can fill in those blanks when you take those tests. This vary in their score conversions, and your scores on the
table will help you keep track of your improvement as practice tests in this book will not be exactly the same
you work through the practice tests in this book. as your score on the real ASVAB. Use the exams in this
book to get an approximate idea of where you stand and
how much you are improving.
YOUR SCORES
PRACTICE PRACTICE PRACTICE
TEST 1 TEST 2 TEST 3
Subtest Raw Scaled Raw Scaled Raw Scaled

Score Score Score Score Score Score
Arithmetic Reasoning (AR)
Word Knowledge (WK)
Paragraph Comprehension (PC)
Mathematics Knowledge (MK)
Verbal Expression (VE = WK + PC)
16
Now you need to fill in the column on the “Your Scores” table labeled “Scaled Score.” The following table
shows you approximate correlations between raw scores and scaled scores for each subtest. On the left are raw
scores. The other columns show the equivalent scaled score for each test. Make sure you’re using the column for
the proper subtest. The subtests are labeled with the abbreviations shown in the left-hand column of the table on
page 16.
RAW TO SCALED SCORE CONVERSION

Raw Score AR WK PC MK VE
0–1 26 30 20 20 20
2–3 29 33 23 21 20
4–5 32 28 28 23 21
6–7 34 39 35 26 22
8–9 37 42 41 29 22
10–11 39 44 48 33 25
12–13 42 46 54 37 27
14–15 45 48 60 41 29
16–17 48 49 45 31
18–19 50 51 49 32
20–21 53 53 53 34
22–23 56 55 57 36
24–25 60 57 61 38
26–27 61 59 40
28–29 63 61 42
30–31 66 63 44
32–33 65 45
34–35 67 47
36–37 49
38–39 50
40–41 52
42–43 54
44–45 56
46–47 58
48–49 60
50 62
Find the subtest you want to score in the boxes on the top. Then, on the left column, find your raw score for
that subtest. Follow the raw-score row to the right until you get to the proper subtest. That number is your scaled
score for this subtest.
17
Do You Qualify? There’s one last step. Take the AFQT scaled score
and find it in the column labeled “Standard Score” on
Now that you have your scaled score for each subtest the next page. Look up the corresponding “Percentile”
filled in on the table on page 16, you are ready for the score. This is approximately equivalent to the score the
next step: finding out if your score will get you into the military will use.
military. Remember to use only your scaled scores, not The Army requires a minimum AFQT score of 31
your raw scores, for these conversions. to qualify for enlistment. Marine Corps recruits must
score at least 32. Navy recruits must score at least 35 on
The Armed Forces Qualifying Test the AFQT; the Coast Guard and the Air Force require
(AFQT) Score a minimum of 36. Check with your recruiter for any
All branches of the military compute your AFQT changes to this requirement.
score—the one that determines whether or not you If your AFQT on the first practice test isn’t up to
can enlist—in the same way. Only the Verbal Expres- 31, don’t despair. You are using this book to help you
sion (which you determined by adding Word Knowl- improve your score, after all, and you have just gotten
edge and Paragraph Comprehension scores and then started. Remember, too, that your score on these prac-
converting to a scaled score), Arithmetic Reasoning, tice exams may not be exactly the same as your score on
and Mathematics Knowledge scaled scores count the actual test.
toward your AFQT. The military just wants to know if On the other hand, a higher score makes you
you have basic reading and arithmetic skills. The score more attractive to recruiters, and depending on your
conversion goes like this: score on individual subtests, it may qualify you for
more of the occupational specialties you want.
2(VE) + AR + MK = AFQT Use the following table to convert your AFQT
scaled score to the AFQT percentile score. After you
In other words, your AFQT (scaled score) is your have figured out your scaled score using the formula on
Verbal Expression scaled score, doubled, added to your this page, find it on the following table to see what
Arithmetic Reasoning and Mathematics Knowledge your AFQT percentile score is. This will tell you if you
scaled scores. Fill in the blanks below to find your have received the minimum score to enlist in the
AFQT on Practice Test 1. branch of the military you’ve chosen.
VE score _____ 2= _____
AR score _____
MK score + _____
AFQT Scaled Score _____
18
AFQT SCALED SCORE TO PERCENTILE CONVERSION

STANDARD STANDARD STANDARD
SCORE PERCENTILE SCORE PERCENTILE SCORE PERCENTILE
80–120 1 186 34 221 67
121–124 2 187–188 35 222 68
125–127 3 189 36 223 69
128–131 4 190 37 224 70
132–134 5 191 38 225 71
135–137 6 192 39 226 72
138–139 7 193 40 227 73
140–142 8 194 41 228 74
143–144 9 195 42 229 75
145–146 10 196 43 230 76
147–148 11 197 44 231 77
149–150 12 198 45 232 78
151–153 13 199 46 233 79
154 14 200 47 234–235 80
155–156 15 201 48 236 81
157–158 16 202 49 237 82
159–160 17 203 50 238 83
161–162 18 204 51 239 84
163–164 19 205 52 240 85
165 20 206 53 241 86
166–167 21 207–208 54 242 87
168–169 22 209 55 243 88
170–171 23 210 56 244 89
172 24 211 57 245 90
173–174 25 212 58 246 91
175 26 213 59 247 92
176–177 27 214 60 248 93
178 28 215 61 249 94
179–180 29 216 62 250 95
181 30 217 63 251 96
182 31 218 64 252 97
183–184 32 219 65 253 98
185 33 220 66 254–320 99
19
C H A P T E R
The
4 LearningExpress
Test Preparation
System
CHAPTER SUMMARY
Taking the ASVAB can be tough. It demands a lot of preparation if you
want to achieve a top score. Whether or not you get into the military
depends on how well you do on the AFQT portion of the exam. The
LearningExpress Test Preparation System, developed exclusively for
LearningExpress by leading test experts, gives you the discipline and
attitude you need to be a winner.
Getting Ready for the ASVAB
Fact: Taking the ASVAB isn’t easy, and neither is getting ready for it. Your future military career depends on you
passing the core section of the ASVAB—Arithmetic Reasoning, Word Knowledge, Paragraph Comprehension, and
Mathematics Knowledge. By focusing on these four subtests, you have taken your first step to getting into the mil-
itary. However, there are all sorts of pitfalls that can prevent you from doing your best on this all-important por-
tion of the exam. Here are some of the obstacles that can stand in the way of your success:
■ being unfamiliar with the format of the exam

■ being paralyzed by test anxiety
■ leaving your preparation to the last minute
■ not preparing at all!
■ not knowing vital test-taking skills: how to pace yourself through the exam, how to use the process of elimi-
nation, and when to guess
■ not being in tip-top mental and physical shape
■ planning poorly by arriving late at the test site, working on an empty stomach, or forgetting to dress in layers
and shivering through the exam because the room is cold
21
– THE LEARNINGEXPRESS TEST PREPARATION SYSTEM –
What is the common denominator in all these Here’s how the LearningExpress Test Preparation
test-taking pitfalls? One word: control. Who is in con- System works: Nine easy steps lead you through every-
trol, you or the exam? thing you need to know and do to get ready to master
Here is some good news: The LearningExpress your exam. Each of the steps listed below includes read-
Test Preparation System puts you in control. In just ing about the step and one or more activities. It’s
nine easy-to-follow steps, you will learn everything important that you do the activities along with the
you need to know to make sure that you are in charge reading, or you won’t be getting the full benefit of the
of your preparation and your performance on the system. Each step tells you approximately how much
exam. Other test takers may let the test get the better of time to allow for completion.
them; other test takers may be unprepared or out of
shape, but not you. You will have taken all the necessary
steps to get a passing AFQT score.
Step 1: Get Information 30 minutes

Step 2: Conquer Test Anxiety 20 minutes
Step 3: Make a Plan 50 minutes
Step 4: Learn to Manage Your Time 10 minutes
Step 5: Learn to Use the Process of Elimination 20 minutes
Step 6: Know When to Guess 20 minutes
Step 7: Reach Your Peak Performance Zone 10 minutes
Step 8: Get Your Act Together 10 minutes
Step 9: Do It! 10 minutes
Total 3 hours
We estimate that working through the entire sys- Step 1: Get Information
tem will take you approximately three hours, though
it’s perfectly OK if you work faster or slower than the Time to complete: 30 minutes
time estimates assume. If you can take a whole after- Activity: Read Chapter l,“What Is the ASVAB Core?”
noon or evening, you can work through the whole Knowledge is power. The first step in the LearningEx-
LearningExpress Test Preparation System in one sit- press Test Preparation System is finding out everything
ting. Otherwise, you can break it up, and do just one you can about the ASVAB core. Once you have your
or two steps a day for the next several days. It’s up to information, the next steps will show you what to do
you—remember, you are in control. with it.
22
Part A: Straight Talk Step 2: Conquer Test Anxiety

about the ASVAB
Basically, the U.S. military invented the whole idea of Time to complete: 20 minutes
standardized testing, starting around the time of Activity: Take the Test Stress Test
World War I. The Department of Defense wanted to
make sure that its recruits were trainable—not that Having complete information about the exam is the
they already knew the skills they needed to serve in first step in getting control of the exam. Next, you have
the armed forces, but that they could learn those to overcome one of the biggest obstacles to test success:
skills. test anxiety. Test anxiety not only impairs your per-
The ASVAB started as an intelligence test, but formance on the exam itself, but also keeps you from
now it is a test of specific aptitudes and abilities. While preparing! In Step 2, you will learn stress management
some of these aptitudes, such as reading and math techniques that will help you succeed on your exam.
problem-solving skills, are important in almost any Learn these strategies now, and practice them as you
job, others, such as electronics or automotive princi- work through the exams in this book, so they will be
ples, are quite specialized. These more specialized sub- second nature to you by exam day.
tests don’t count toward your Armed Forces Qualifying
Test (AFQT) score, which determines your eligibility to Combating Test Anxiety
enlist in the military. Only the four subtests covered in The first thing you need to know is that a little test anx-
this book count toward the AFQT score. iety is a good thing. Everyone gets nervous before a big
It’s important for you to realize that your score on exam—and if that nervousness motivates you to pre-
the AFQT does not determine what kind of person pare thoroughly, so much the better. It’s said that Sir
you are. There are all kinds of things a written exam like Laurence Olivier, one of the foremost British actors of
this can’t test: whether you can follow orders, whether the twentieth century, felt ill before every perform-
you can become part of a unit that works together to ance. His stage fright didn’t impair his performance; in
accomplish a task, and so on. Those kinds of things are fact, it probably gave him a little extra edge—just the
hard to evaluate, while a test is easy to evaluate. kind of edge needed to do well, whether on a stage or
This is not to say that the exam is not important! in an examination room.
Your chances of getting into the military still depend on On page 25 is the Test Stress Test. Stop and answer
your getting a good score on the subtests of the ASVAB the questions to find out whether your level of test
core. And that’s why you’re here—using the Learning- anxiety is something you should be concerned about.
Express Test Preparation System to achieve success on
the exam. Stress Management before the Test
If you feel your level of anxiety getting the best of you
Part B: What Is on the Test in the weeks before the test, here is what you need to do
If you haven’t already done so, stop here and read to bring the level down again:
Chapter 1 of this book, which gives you an overview of ■ Be prepared. There is nothing like knowing what
the ASVAB core. to expect and being prepared for it to put you in
control of test anxiety. That’s why you’re reading
this book. Use it faithfully, and remind yourself
that you are better prepared than most of the
people taking the test.
23
■ Practice self-confidence. A positive attitude is a ■ Visualize again. Think of the place where you are
great way to combat test anxiety. This is no time most relaxed: lying on a beach in the sun, walking
to be humble or shy. Stand in front of the mirror through the park, or whatever you enjoy. Now
and say to your reflection, “I’m prepared. I’m full close your eyes and imagine you are actually
of self-confidence. I’m going to ace this test. I there. If you practice in advance, you will find
know I can do it.” Say it into a tape recorder and that you only need a few seconds of this exercise
play it back once a day. If you hear it often to experience a significant increase in your sense
enough, you will believe it. of well-being.
■ Fight negative messages. Every time someone
starts telling you how hard the exam is or how When anxiety threatens to overwhelm you during
difficult it is to get a high score, start repeating the exam, there are still things you can do to manage the
your self-confidence messages. Don’t listen to the stress level:
negative messages. Turn on your tape recorder
and listen to your affirmations. ■ Repeat your self-confidence messages. You
■ Visualize. Imagine yourself reporting for duty on should have them memorized by now. Say them
your first day as a military trainee. Think of your- silently to yourself, and believe them!
self wearing your uniform and learning skills you ■ Visualize one more time. This time, visualize
will use for the rest of your life. Visualizing suc- yourself moving smoothly and quickly through
cess can help make it happen—and it reminds the test answering every question correctly and
you of why you are working so hard preparing for finishing just before the time is up. Like most
the exam. visualization techniques, this one works best if
■ Exercise. Physical activity helps calm your body you have practiced it ahead of time.
and focus your mind. Besides, being in good ■ Find an easy question. Skim over the test until
physical shape can actually help you do you find an easy question, and answer it. Getting
well on the exam. Go for a run, lift weights, go even one question finished gets you into the test-
swimming—and do it regularly. taking groove.
■ Take a mental break. Everyone loses concentra-
Stress Management on Test Day tion once in a while during a long test. It’s nor-
There are several ways you can reduce your level of mal, so you shouldn’t worry about it. Instead,
anxiety on test day. They will work best if you practice accept what has happened. Say to yourself, “Hey, I
them in the weeks before the test, so you know which lost it there for a minute. My brain is taking a
ones work best for you. break.” Put down your pencil, close your eyes, and
do some deep breathing for a few seconds. Then
■ Deep breathing. Take a deep breath while you you’re ready to go back to work.
count to five. Hold it for a count of one, then let it
out for a count of five. Repeat several times. Try these techniques ahead of time, and see if
■ Move your body. Try rolling your head in a circle. they work for you!
Rotate your shoulders. Shake your hands from the
wrist. Many people find these movements very
relaxing.
24
Test Stress Test
You only need to worry about test anxiety if it is extreme enough to impair your performance. The following ques-
tionnaire will provide a diagnosis of your level of test anxiety. In the blank before each statement, write the num-
ber that most accurately describes your experience.
0 = Never 1 = Once or twice 2 = Sometimes 3 = Often
_____ I have gotten so nervous before an exam that I simply put down the books and didn’t study for it.
_____ I have experienced disabling physical symptoms such as vomiting and severe headaches because I was
nervous about an exam.
_____ I have simply not showed up for an exam because I was scared to take it.
_____ I have experienced dizziness and disorientation while taking an exam.
_____ I have had trouble filling in the little circles because my hands were shaking too hard.
_____ I have failed an exam because I was too nervous to complete it.
_____ Total: Add up the numbers in the blanks.
Your Test Stress Score

Here are the steps you should take, depending on your score. If you scored:
■ Below 3, your level of test anxiety is nothing to worry about; it’s probably just enough to give you that little extra edge.
■ Between 3 and 6, your test anxiety may be enough to impair your performance, and you should practice the
stress management techniques listed in this section to try to bring your test anxiety down to manageable levels.
■ Above 6, your level of test anxiety is a serious concern. In addition to practicing the stress management tech-
niques listed in this section, you may want to seek additional, personal help. Call your community college and
ask for the academic counselor. Tell the counselor that you have a level of test anxiety that sometimes keeps
you from being able to take an exam. The counselor may be willing to help you or may suggest someone else
you should talk to.
Step 3: Make a Plan On the following pages are two sample sched-
ules, based on the amount of time you have to prepare
Time to complete: 50 minutes for the ASVAB. If you are the kind of person who
Activity: Construct a study plan needs deadlines and assignments to motivate you for
Maybe the most important thing you can do to get a project, use them as is. If you are the kind of person
control of yourself and your exam is to make a study who doesn’t like to follow other people’s plans, you
plan. Too many people fail to prepare simply because can use the suggested schedules here to construct
they fail to plan. Spending hours on the day before the your own.
exam poring over sample test questions not only raises Even more important than making a plan is mak-
your level of test anxiety, it is simply no substitute for ing a commitment. You can’t improve your skills in the
careful preparation. four areas tested on the ASVAB core overnight. You
25
have to set aside some time every day for study and time. You should use your time wisely to avoid making
practice. Try for at least 30 minutes a day. Thirty min- errors. Here are some general tips for the whole exam:
utes daily will do you much more good than two hours
on Saturday. ■ Listen carefully to directions. By the time you get
Don’t put off your study until the day before the to the exam, you should know how all the sub-
exam. Start now. A few minutes a day, with half an hour tests work, but listen just in case something has
or more on weekends, can make a big difference in changed.
your score. ■ Pace yourself. Glance at your watch every few
minutes, and compare the time to your progress
on the subtest. When one-quarter of the time has
Step 4: Learn to Manage elapsed, you should be one-quarter of the way
Your Time through the subtest, and so on. If you’re falling
behind, pick up the pace a bit.
Time to complete: 10 minutes to read, many hours of ■ Keep moving. Don’t waste time on one question.
practice! If you don’t know the answer, skip the question
Activities: Practice these strategies as you take the and move on. Circle the number of the question
sample tests in this book in your test booklet in case you have time to come
Steps 4, 5, and 6 of the LearningExpress Test Prepara- back to it later.
tion System put you in charge of your exam by show- ■ Keep track of your place on the answer sheet. If
ing you test-taking strategies that work. Practice these you skip a question, make sure you skip on the
strategies as you take the sample tests in this book, and answer sheet too. Check yourself every 5–10 ques-
then you will be ready to use them on test day. tions to make sure the question number and the
First, you will take control of your time on the answer sheet number match up.
exam. Each of the four subtests of the ASVAB core is ■ Don’t rush. Though you should keep moving,
timed separately. Most allow you enough time to com- rushing won’t help. Try to keep calm and work
plete the section, though none allows a lot of extra methodically and quickly.
Schedule A: The Two-Week Plan

If you have at least two weeks before you take the ASVAB, you have plenty of time to prepare—as long as you don’t
waste it! If you have less than two weeks, turn to Schedule B.
TIME PREPARATION
Day 1 Take the first practice exam in Chapter 5. Score the exam and identify
two areas that you will concentrate on before you take the second
practice exam.
Days 2–5 Study the areas you identified as your weaknesses. Don’t forget, there
are review lessons and practice questions for Math, Reading, and
Vocabulary in Chapters 6–11. Review these chapters in detail to improve
your score on the next practice test.
26
Day 6 Take the second practice exam in Chapter 12 and calculate your
score. Identify one area to concentrate on before you take the third
practice exam.
Days 7–9 Study the one area you identified for further review. Again, use the Math,
Reading, and Vocabulary chapters for help.
Day 10 Take the last practice exam in Chapter 13. Score the test. Note how
much you have improved!
Days 11–13 Take an overview of all your study materials, focusing on your
strengths and improving on your weaknesses.
Day before the exam Relax. Do something unrelated to the exam and go to bed at a
reasonable hour.
Schedule B: The One-Week Plan

If you have a week or less before you take the exam, use this seven-day schedule to help you make the most of
your time.
TIME PREPARATION
Day 1 Take the first practice exam in Chapter 5 and review the answers and
explanations. Note which topics you need to review most.
Day 2 Review one area that gave you trouble on the first practice exam. Use
the review lessons and practice questions in Chapters 6–11 to hone
your skills.
Day 3 Take the second practice exam in Chapter 12 and score it.
Day 4 If your score on the second practice exam doesn’t show improvement
on the two areas you studied, continue to use the review chapters to
improve some skills and reinforce others. If you did improve in those
areas, choose a new weak area to study today.
Day 5 Take the third practice exam in Chapter 13 and score it. See how much
you have improved since the first practice test!
Day 6 Use your last study day to brush up on any areas that are still giving you
trouble. Use the review and practice chapters.
Day before the exam Relax. Do something unrelated to the exam and go to bed at a
reasonable hour.
27
Step 5: Learn to Use the although when you think about it, having a “scientifi-
Process of Elimination cally sound” classification system in a scientific field is
kind of redundant. You remember the bi- in binomial,
Time to complete: 20 minutes and probably continue to like choice b better. But you’re
Activity: Complete worksheet on Using the Process of not sure, so you put a question mark next to c, mean-
Elimination ing “well, maybe.”
After time management, your next most important Now, choice d, “having a double meaning.” You’re
tool for taking control of your exam is using the process still keeping in mind that bi- means two, so this one
of elimination wisely. It’s standard test-taking wisdom looks possible at first. But then you look again at the
that you should always read all the answer choices sentence the word belongs in, and you think, “Why
before choosing your answer. This helps you find the would biology want a system of classification that has
right answer by eliminating wrong answer choices. two meanings? That wouldn’t work very well!” If you’re
You should always use the process of elimination really taken with the idea that bi- means two, you might
on tough questions, even if the right answer jumps out put a question mark here. But if you’re feeling a little
at you. Sometimes the answer that jumps out isn’t right more confident, you’ll put an X. You already have a bet-
after all. You should always proceed through the answer ter answer picked out.
choices in order. You can start with answer choice a and Now your question looks like this:
eliminate any choices that are clearly incorrect.
Let’s say you’re facing a vocabulary question that “Biology uses a binomial system of classification.”
goes like this: In this sentence, the word binomial most nearly
means
“Biology uses a binomial system of classification.” x a. understanding the law.
In this sentence, the word binomial most nearly ✓ b. having two names.
means ? c. scientifically sound.
a. understanding the law. ? d. having a double meaning.
b. having two names.
c. scientifically sound. You’ve got just one checkmark for a good answer.
d. having a double meaning. If you’re pressed for time, you should simply mark
choice b on your answer sheet. If you have the time to
If you happen to know what binomial means, of be extra careful, you could compare your check-mark
course, you don’t need to use the process of elimina- answer to your question-mark answers to make sure
tion, but let’s assume you don’t. So, you look at the that it’s better. (It is: The binomial system in biology is
answer choices. “understanding the law” sure doesn’t the one that gives a two-part genus and species name
sound like something having to do with biology. So you like homo sapiens.)
eliminate choice a—and now you only have three It’s good to have a system for marking good, bad,
answer choices to deal with. Mark an X next to choice and maybe answers. Here’s one recommendation:
a so you never have to read it again.
Now, move on to the other answer choices. If you x = bad
know that the prefix bi- means two, as in bicycle, you will ✓ = good
flag choice b as a possible answer. Mark a check mark ? = maybe
beside it, meaning “good answer, I might use this one.”
Choice c, “scientifically sound,” is a possibility. At If you don’t like these marks, devise your own sys-
least it’s about science, not law. It could work here, tem. Just make sure you do it long before test day—while
28
you’re working through the practice exams in this book— intating those that don’t fit, as you did in the previous
so you won’t have to worry about it during the test. example.
Even when you think you are absolutely clueless Try using your powers of elimination on the
about a question, you can often use the process of elim- questions in the worksheet “Using the Process of Elim-
ination to get rid of one answer choice. If so, you are ination” that follows. The answer explanations there
better prepared to make an educated guess, as you will show one possible way you might use the process to
see in Step 6. More often, the process of elimination arrive at the right answer.
allows you to get down to only two possibly right The process of elimination is your tool for the
answers. Then, you’re in a strong position to guess. next step, which is knowing when to guess.
And sometimes, even though you don’t know the right
answer, you can make a fairly certain guess by elim-
Using the Process of Elimination
Use the process of elimination to answer the following questions.
1. Ilsa is as old as Meghan will be in five years. 3. Smoking tobacco has been linked to
The difference between Ed’s age and a. increased risk of stroke and heart attack.
Meghan’s age is twice the difference between b. all forms of respiratory disease.
Ilsa’s age and Meghan’s age. Ed is 29. How c. increasing mortality rates over the past
old is Ilsa? ten years.
a. 4 d. juvenile delinquency.
b. 10
c. 19 4. Which of the following words is spelled
d. 24 correctly?
a. incorrigible
2. “All drivers of commercial vehicles must carry b. outragous
a valid commercial driver’s license whenever c. domestickated
operating a commercial vehicle.” According to d. understandible
this sentence, which of the following people
does NOT need to carry a commercial driver’s
license?
a. a truck driver idling his engine while
waiting to be directed to a loading dock
b. a bus operator backing her bus out of the
way of another bus in the bus lot
c. a taxi driver driving his personal car to the
grocery store
d. a limousine driver taking the limousine to
her home after dropping off her last
passenger of the evening
29
Using the Process of Elimination (continued)
Answers
Here are the answers, as well as some suggestions as to how you might have used the process of elimination
to find them.
1. d. You should have eliminated choice a off the 3. a. You could eliminate choice b simply because
bat. Ilsa can’t be four years old if Meghan is of the presence of the word all. Such
going to be Ilsa’s age in five years. The best absolutes hardly ever appear in correct
way to eliminate other answer choices is to try answer choices. Choice c looks attractive
plugging them in to the information given in until you think a little about what you know—
the problem. For instance, for choice b, if Ilsa aren’t fewer people smoking these days,
is 10, then Meghan must be 5. The difference rather than more? So how could smoking be
in their ages is 5. The difference between Ed’s responsible for a higher mortality rate? (If you
age, 29, and Meghan’s age, 5, is 24. Is 24 two didn’t know that mortality rate means the rate
times 5? No. Then choice b is wrong. You at which people die, you might keep this
could eliminate choice c in the same way and choice as a possibility, but you’d still be able
be left with choice d. to eliminate two choices and have only two to
2. c. Note the word not in the question, and go choose from.) Choice d is plain silly, so you
through the answers one by one. Is the truck could eliminate that one, too. You’re left with
driver in choice a “operating a commercial the correct choice, a.
vehicle”? Yes, idling counts as “operating,” so he 4. a. How you used the process of elimination here
needs to have a commercial driver’s license. depends on which words you recognized as
Likewise, the bus operator in choice b is operat- being spelled incorrectly. If you knew that the
ing a commercial vehicle; the question doesn’t correct spellings were outrageous, domesti-
say the operator has to be on the street. The cated, and understandable, then you were
limo driver in choice d is operating a commercial home free. You probably knew that at least
vehicle, even if it doesn’t have passenger in it. one of those words was wrong!
However, the cabbie in choice c is not operating
a commercial vehicle, but his own private car.
Step 6: Know When to Guess The number of questions you answer correctly yields
your raw score. So you have nothing to lose and every-
Time to complete: 20 minutes thing to gain by guessing.
Activity: Complete worksheet on Your The more complicated answer to the question
Guessing Ability “Should I guess?” depends on you—your personality
Armed with the process of elimination, you are ready and your “guessing intuition.” There are two things
to take control of one of the big questions in test- you need to know about yourself before you go into
taking: Should I guess? The main answer is Yes. Some the exam:
exams have what is called a “guessing penalty,” in which
a fraction of your wrong answers is subtracted from ■ Are you a risk-taker?
your right answers, but the ASVAB isn’t one of them. ■ Are you a good guesser?
30
You will have to decide about your risk-taking best thing would be if you could overcome your anxi-
quotient on your own. To find out if you’re a good eties and go ahead and mark an answer. But you may
guesser, complete the “Your Guessing Ability” work- want to have a sense of how good your intuition is
sheet. Even if you’re a play-it-safe person with lousy before you go into the exam.
intuition, you are still safe in guessing every time. The
Your Guessing Ability
The following are ten really hard questions. You are not supposed to know the answers. Rather, this is an assess-
ment of your ability to guess when you don’t have a clue. Read each question carefully, just as if you did expect
to answer it. If you have any knowledge at all about the subject of the question, use that knowledge to help you
eliminate wrong answer choices.
ANSWER GRID
1. a b c d 5. a b c d 9. a b c d
2. a b c d 6. a b c d 10. a b c d
3. a b c d 7. a b c d
4. a b c d 8. a b c d
1. September 7 is Independence Day in 4. American author Gertrude Stein was born in

a. India. a. 1713.
b. Costa Rica. b. 1830.
c. Brazil. c. 1874.
d. Australia. d. 1901.
2. Which of the following is the formula for 5. Which of the following is NOT one of the Five
determining the momentum of an object? Classics attributed to Confucius?
a. p = mv a. the I Ching
b. F = ma b. the Book of Holiness
c. P = IV c. the Spring and Autumn Annals
d. E = mc2 d. the Book of History
3. Because of the expansion of the universe, the 6. The religious and philosophical doctrine that
stars and other celestial bodies are all moving holds that the universe is constantly in a
away from each other. This phenomenon is struggle between good and evil is known as
known as a. Pelagianism.
a. Newton’s first law. b. Manichaeanism.
b. the big bang. c. neo-Hegelianism.
c. gravitational collapse. d. Epicureanism.
d. Hubble flow.
31
Your Guessing Ability (continued)
7. The third Chief Justice of the U.S. Supreme 10. The state with the highest per capita personal
Court was income in 1980 was
a. John Blair. a. Alaska.
b. William Cushing. b. Connecticut.
c. James Wilson. c. New York.
d. John Jay. d. Texas.
8. Which of the following is the poisonous Answers

portion of a daffodil? Check your answers against the correct answers
a. the bulb below.
b. the leaves 1. c.
c. the stem 2. a.
d. the flowers 3. d.
4. c.
9. The winner of the Masters golf tournament in
5. b.
1953 was
6. b.
a. Sam Snead.
7. b.
b. Cary Middlecoff.
8. a.
c. Arnold Palmer.
9. d.
d. Ben Hogan.
10. a.
How Did You Do?

You may have simply gotten lucky and actually known the answer to one or two questions. In addition, your
guessing was more successful if you were able to use the process of elimination on any of the questions.
Maybe you didn’t know who the third Chief Justice was (question 7), but you knew that John Jay was the first.
In that case, you would have eliminated choice d and therefore improved your odds of guessing correctly from
one in four to one in three.
According to probability, you should get 212 answers correct, so getting either two or three right would be
average. If you got four or more right, you may be a really terrific guesser. If you got one or none right, you may
be a really bad guesser.
Keep in mind, though, that this is only a small sample. You should continue to keep track of your guess-
ing ability as you work through the sample questions in this book. Circle the numbers of questions you are unsure
of as you make your guess; or, if you don’t have time while you take the practice exams, go back afterward and
try to remember which questions you guessed at. Remember, on an exam with four answer choices, your
chances of getting a correct answer is one in four. So keep a separate “guessing” score for each exam. How
many questions did you guess on? How many did you get right? If the number you got right is at least one-fourth
of the number of questions you guessed on, you are at least an average guesser, maybe better—and you should
always go ahead and guess on a real exam.
32
Step 7: Reach Your Peak Diet

Performance Zone First of all, cut out the junk. Go easy on caffeine and
nicotine, and eliminate alcohol from your system at
Time to complete: 10 minutes to read; least two weeks before the exam. Promise yourself a
weeks to complete! treat the night after the exam, if need be.
Activity: Complete the Physical Preparation What your body needs for peak performance is
Checklist simply a balanced diet. Eat plenty of fruits and vegeta-
To get ready for a challenge like a big exam, you have to bles, along with protein and complex carbohydrates.
take control of your physical, as well as your mental, Foods that are high in lecithin (a protective lipid), such
state. Exercise, proper diet, and rest will ensure that as fish and beans, are especially good brain foods.
your body works with, rather than against, your mind The night before the exam, you might “carbo-load”
on test day, as well as during your preparation. the way athletes do before a contest. Eat a big plate of
spaghetti, rice and beans, or whatever your favorite car-
Exercise bohydrate is.
If you don’t already have a regular exercise program
going, the time during which you are preparing for an Rest
exam is actually an excellent time to start one. You will You probably know how much sleep you need every
have to be pretty fit to make it through the first weeks night to be at your best, even if you don’t always get it.
of Basic Training anyway. If you’re already keeping fit, Make sure you do get that much sleep, though, for at
don’t let the pressure of preparing for an exam fool you least a week before the exam. Moderation is important
into quitting now. Exercise helps reduce stress by here, too. Extra sleep will just make you groggy.
pumping wonderful good-feeling hormones called If you are not a morning person and your exam
endorphins into your system. It also increases the oxy- will be given in the morning, you should reset your
gen supply throughout your body, including your internal clock so that your body doesn’t think you’re tak-
brain, so you will be at peak performance on test day. ing an exam at 3:00 A.M. You have to start this process
A half hour of vigorous activity every day— well before the exam. The way it works is to get up half
enough to raise a sweat—should be your aim. If you an hour earlier each morning, and then go to bed half
are really pressed for time, every other day is OK. an hour earlier that night. Don’t try it the other way
Choose an activity you like and get out there and do it. around. You will just toss and turn if you go to bed early
Jogging with a friend always makes the time go faster, without having gotten up early. The next morning, get
or take a radio. up another half an hour earlier, and so on. How long
But don’t overdo it; you don’t want to exhaust you will have to do this depends on how late you’re
yourself. Moderation is the key. used to getting up.
Use the Physical Preparation Checklist on page 35
to make sure you are in tip-top form.
33
Step 8: Get Your Act Together Don’t Skip Breakfast

Even if you don’t usually eat breakfast, do so on exam
Time to complete: 10 minutes to read; morning. A cup of coffee doesn’t count. Don’t choose
time to complete will vary doughnuts or other sweet foods, either. A sugar high
Activity: Complete Final Preparations worksheet will leave you with a sugar low in the middle of the
You are in control of your mind and body; you are in exam. A mix of protein and carbohydrates is best: cereal
charge of test anxiety, your preparation, and your test- with milk, or eggs with toast, will do your body a world
taking strategies. Now it’s time to take charge of exter- of good.
nal factors, like the testing site and the materials you
need to take the exam.
Step 9: Do It!
Getting to the MEPS
You will be the guest of the Department of Defense on Time to complete: 10 minutes, plus test-taking time
your trip to the Military Entrance Processing Station Activity: Ace the ASVAB core!
(MEPS). You will probably be scheduled to spend a full Fast forward to exam day. You are ready. You made a
day at the MEPS, though if it’s far from your home- study plan and followed through. You practiced your
town, you may have to go the night before. Your test-taking strategies while working through this book.
recruiter will tell you when and where you will be You are in control of your physical, mental, and emo-
picked up for your trip to the MEPS. Make sure you tional state. You know when and where to show up and
know how to get to that location, if it’s not your recruit- what to bring with you. In other words, you are better
ing station, and how long it will take to get there. Fig- prepared than most of the other people taking the
ure out how early you will have to wake up that ASVAB with you. You are psyched.
morning, and get up at that time every day for the Just one more thing. When you’ve finished your
week before your MEPS day. day at the MEPS, you will have earned a reward. Plan
a celebration. Call up your friends and plan a party, or
Gather Your Materials have a nice dinner for two—whatever your heart
The night before the exam, lay out the clothes you will desires. Give yourself something to look forward to.
wear and the materials you have to bring with you to Then, do it. Take the ASVAB, full of confidence,
the MEPS. Plan on dressing in layers; you won’t have armed with the test-taking strategies you have mas-
any control over the temperature of the examination tered. You are in control of yourself, your environ-
room. Have a sweater or jacket you can take off if it’s ment, and your performance on the exam. You are
warm. Use the checklist on the Final Preparations ready to succeed. Go in there, ace the exam, and look
worksheet on page 36 to help you pull together what forward to your future military career!
you will need.
34
Physical Preparation Checklist
For the week before the test, write down: 1) what physical exercise you engaged in and for how long, and 2)
what you ate for each meal. Remember, you’re aiming for at least half an hour of exercise every other day (prefer-
ably every day), and a balanced diet that’s light on junk food.
Exam minus 7 days Exam minus 3 days

Exercise: ______ for ______ minutes Exercise: ______ for ______ minutes
Breakfast: Breakfast:
Lunch: Lunch:
Dinner: Dinner:
Snacks: Snacks:
Exam minus 6 days Exam minus 2 days

Exercise: for minutes Exercise: for minutes
Lunch: Lunch:
Dinner: Dinner:
Snacks: Snacks:
Exam minus 5 days Exam minus 1 day

Exercise: for minutes Exercise: for minutes
Lunch: Lunch:
Dinner: Dinner:
Snacks: Snacks:
Exam minus 4 days

Exercise: for minutes
Breakfast:
Lunch:
Dinner:
Snacks:
35
Final Preparations
Getting to the MEPS Pickup Site
Location of pickup site:
Date:
Departure time:
Do I know how to get to the pickup site? Yes No
If no, make a trial run.
Time it will take to get to the pickup site:
Things to Lay Out the Night Before
Clothes I will wear
Sweater/jacket
Watch
Photo ID
Other
36
C H A P T E R
5 Practice ASVAB
Core Test 1
CHAPTER SUMMARY
This is the first of three practice tests based on the sections of the
ASVAB that count towards your AFQT score. Use this test to see how
you would do if you were to take the exam today.
T he ASVAB consists of nine subtests. Only four of these subtests count toward your Armed Forces Qual-
ifying Test (AFQT) score, which determines whether or not you are qualified to enlist in the military.
These four subtests—Arithmetic Reasoning, Word Knowledge, Paragraph Comprehension, and
Mathematics Knowledge—are included in the practice test that follows.
The amount of time allowed for each subtest will be found at the beginning of that subtest. For now, don’t
worry too much about timing. Just take the tests, focusing on being as relaxed as you can. The answer sheet you
should use for answering the questions is on page 39. Complete answer explanations follow the test.
37
– LEARNINGEXPRESS ANSWER SHEET –

1. a b c d 11. a b c d 21. a b c d
2. a b c d 12. a b c d 22. a b c d
3. a b c d 13. a b c d 23. a b c d
4. a b c d 14. a b c d 24. a b c d
5. a b c d 15. a b c d 25. a b c d
6. a b c d 16. a b c d 26. a b c d
7. a b c d 17. a b c d 27. a b c d
8. a b c d 18. a b c d 28. a b c d
9. a b c d 19. a b c d 29. a b c d
10. a b c d 20. a b c d 30. a b c d
Part 2: Word Knowledge

1. a b c d 13. a b c d 25. a b c d
2. a b c d 14. a b c d 26. a b c d
3. a b c d 15. a b c d 27. a b c d
4. a b c d 16. a b c d 28. a b c d
5. a b c d 17. a b c d 29. a b c d
6. a b c d 18. a b c d 30. a b c d
7. a b c d 19. a b c d 31. a b c d
8. a b c d 20. a b c d 32. a b c d
9. a b c d 21. a b c d 33. a b c d
10. a b c d 22. a b c d 34. a b c d
11. a b c d 23. a b c d 35. a b c d
12. a b c d 24. a b c d
Part 3: Paragraph Comprehension

1. a b c d 6. a b c d 11. a b c d
2. a b c d 7. a b c d 12. a b c d
3. a b c d 8. a b c d 13. a b c d
4. a b c d 9. a b c d 14. a b c d
5. a b c d 10. a b c d 15. a b c d
Part 4: Mathematics Knowledge

1. a b c d 10. a b c d 19. a b c d
2. a b c d 11. a b c d 20. a b c d
3. a b c d 12. a b c d 21. a b c d
4. a b c d 13. a b c d 22. a b c d
5. a b c d 14. a b c d 23. a b c d
6. a b c d 15. a b c d 24. a b c d
7. a b c d 16. a b c d 25. a b c d
8. a b c d 17. a b c d
9. a b c d 18. a b c d
39
– PRACTICE ASVAB CORE TEST 1 –
Part 1: Arithmetic Reasoning Use the following information to answer questions

4–6.
Time: 36 minutes
The cost of movie theater tickets is $7.50 for
1. If Ellen has $36.00 to spend at the flower market, adults and $5 for children ages 12 and under. On Sat-
and lilies cost $1.80 each, how many lilies can she urday and Sunday afternoons until 4:00 p.m., there is
purchase? a matinee price: $5.50 for adults and $3 for children
a. 18 ages 12 and under. Special group discounts are available
b. 20 for groups of 30 or more people.
c. 24
d. 36
4. Which of these can be determined from the
2. An aquarium has a base length of 12 inches and information given in the passage?
a width of 5 inches. If the aquarium is 10 inches a. how much it will cost a family of four to buy
tall, what is the total volume? movie theater tickets on Saturday afternoon
a. 480 cubic inches b. the difference between the cost of two movie
b. 540 cubic inches theater tickets on Tuesday night and the cost
c. 600 cubic inches of one ticket on Sunday at 3:00 p.m.
d. 720 cubic inches c. how much movie theater tickets will cost each
person if he or she is part of a group of 40
3. A man turns in a woman’s handbag to the Lost people
and Found Department of a large downtown d. the difference between the cost of a movie
store. The man informs the clerk in charge that theater ticket for an adult on Friday night and
he found the handbag on the floor beside an a movie theater ticket for a 13-year-old on
entranceway. The clerk estimates that the hand- Saturday afternoon at 1:00 p.m.
bag is worth approximately $150. Inside, the
clerk finds the following items: 5. The Reaves family includes one adult, one 15-
year-old, one 12-year-old, and one 11-year-old.
1 leather makeup case valued at $65 How much would the Reaves family save by
1 vial of perfume, unopened, valued at $75 going to a Saturday matinee at 3:30 P.M. instead
1 pair of earrings valued at $150 of a regularly priced movie at 7 P.M.?
cash $178 a. $25.00
b. $22.50
The clerk is writing a report to be submitted c. $14.50
along with the found property. What should he d. $8.00
write as the total value of the found cash and
property?
a. $468
b. $608
c. $618
d. $718
41
6. Using the passage, how can you find the differ- 10. Thirty percent of the students at a middle school
ence in price between a movie theater ticket for are involved in the vocal and instrumental music
an adult and a movie theater ticket for a child programs. If 15% of the musicians are in the
under the age of 12, if the tickets are for a show choir, what percentage of the whole school is in
at 3:00 P. M . on a Saturday afternoon? the choir?
a. subtract $3.00 from $5.50 a. 4.5%
b. subtract $5.00 from $7.50 b. 9.0%
c. subtract $7.50 from $5.50 c. 15%
d. add $5.50 and $3.00 and divide by 2 d. 30%
7. It takes a typist 0.75 seconds to type one word. At Use the following information to answer questions
this rate, how many words can be typed in 60 11 and 12.
seconds?
a. 4.5 Basic cable television service, which includes 16
b. 8 channels, costs $15 a month. The initial labor fee to
c. 45 install the service is $25. A $65 deposit is required, but
d. 80 will be refunded within two years if the customer’s
bills are paid in full. Other cable services may be added
8. If the average woman burns 8.2 calories per to the basic service: the movie channel service is $9.40
minute while riding a bicycle, how many calories a month; the news channels are $7.50 a month; the arts
will she burn if she rides for 35 minutes? channels are $5.00 a month; the sports channels are
a. 286 $4.80 a month.
b. 287
c. 387
d. 980 11. A customer’s cable television bill totaled $20 a
month. Using the passage above, what portion
9. If Raindrop Roofing gave an estimate of $6,000 of the bill was for basic cable service?
to repair the Kleins’ roof, and Kendra’s Contract- a. 25%
ing gave an estimate that was 35 of the estimate by b. 33%
Raindrop Roofing, how much was the estimate c. 50%
given by Kendra’s Contracting? d. 75%
a. $1,200
b. $2,000 12. A customer’s first bill after having cable televi-
c. $3,000 sion installed totaled $112.50. This customer
d. $3,600 chose basic cable and one additional cable serv-
ice. Which additional service was chosen?
a. the news channels
b. the movie channels
c. the arts channels
d. the sports channels
42
13. Out of 100 shoppers polled, 80 said they buy 16. Last year, 220 people bought cars from a certain
fresh fruit every week. How many shoppers out dealer. Of those, 60% reported that they were
of 30,000 could be expected to buy fresh fruit completely satisfied with their new cars. How
every week? many people reported being unsatisfied with
a. 2,400 their new car?
b. 6,000 a. 36
c. 22,000 b. 55
d. 24,000 c. 88
d. 132
Use the following information to answer questions
14 and 15. 17. Of 1,125 university students, 135 speak fluent
Spanish. What percentage of the student body
Compact Discs Sold speaks fluent Spanish?
a. 7.3%
b. 8.3%
c. 12%
Country d. 14%
27.5%
Rock 18. A rectangular community garden needs fencing

45.5%
to keep deer from eating the vegetables. If 200
4.5% linear feet of fencing is needed to enclose the gar-
Classical
Rap
den space, which of the following could be the
15%
Jazz length and width dimensions of the garden?
7.5%
a. 100 feet long and 100 feet wide
b. 100 feet long and 20 feet wide
c. 80 feet long and 20 feet wide
d. 50 feet long and 40 feet wide
14. If 400 compact discs were sold altogether, how
many of the compact discs sold were country 19. A piece of ribbon 3 feet 4 inches long was divided
music? into 5 equal parts. How long was each part?
a. 11 a. 1 foot 2 inches
b. 28 b. 10 inches
c. 55 c. 8 inches
d. 110 d. 6 inches
15. Based on the graph, which types of music repre-

sent exactly half of the compact discs sold?
a. rock and jazz
b. classical and rock
c. rap, classical, and country
d. jazz, classical, and rap
43
20. A middle school cafeteria has three different 24. A recipe serves four people and calls for 112 cups
options for lunch. of broth. If you want to serve six people, how
For $2, a student can get either a sandwich much broth do you need?
or two cookies. a. 2 cups
For $3, a student can get a sandwich and
one cookie. b. 214 cups
For $4, a student can get either two sand- c. 213 cups
wiches, or a sandwich and two cookies. d. 212 cups
If Jimae has $6 to pay for lunch for her and
her brother, which of the following is not a possi- 25. Plattville is 80 miles west and 60 miles north of
ble combination? Quincy. How long is a direct route from Plattville
a. three sandwiches and one cookie to Quincy?
b. two sandwiches and two cookies a. 100 miles
c. one sandwich and four cookies b. 120 miles
d. three sandwiches and no cookies c. 140 miles
d. 160 miles
21. A circular table is going to be covered with tile. If
the diameter of the table is 10 feet, approximately 26. A builder has 27 cubic feet of concrete to pave a
how many square feet of tile must be purchased sidewalk whose length is 6 times its width. The
to cover the table? concrete must be poured 6 inches deep. How
a. 10 square feet long is the sidewalk?
b. 16 square feet a. 9 feet
c. 20 square feet b. 12 feet
d. 79 square feet c. 15 feet
d. 18 feet
22. Mr. Beard’s temperature is 98˚ Fahrenheit. What
is his temperature in degrees Celsius? 27. Which of the following brands is the least
C = 95(F – 32) expensive per ounce?
a. 35.8
Brand W X Y Z
b. 36.7
c. 37.6 Price 0.21 0.48 0.56 0.96
d. 31.1 Weight in ounces 6 15 20 32
a. W
23. All of the rooms on the main floor of an office b. X
building are rectangular, with 8-foot-high ceilings. c. Y
Keira’s office is 9 feet wide by 11 feet long. What is d. Z
the combined surface area of the four walls of her
office, including any windows and doors?
a. 99 square feet
b. 160 square feet
c. 320 square feet
d. 729 square feet
44
28. Belicia drives a compact car that gets, on average, Part 2: Word Knowledge
28 miles per gallon of gas. If she must drive 364
miles from Los Angeles to San Francisco, and gas Time: 11 minutes
costs on average $4.85 per gallon, approximately
how much will she spend on gas? Select the choice that best matches the under-
a. $63.00 lined word.
b. $75.00
c. $96.00
d. $136.00 1. Specious most nearly means
a. special.
29. A cook spends $540 on silverware. If a place setting b. wide open.
includes one knife, one fork, and two spoons, and c. misleading.
if knives cost twice as much as forks or spoons, d. aimless.
how many place settings did the cook buy?
a. 90 2. The attorney wanted to expedite the process.
b. 108 a. accelerate
c. 135 b. evaluate
d. 180 c. reverse
d. justify
30. An office uses two dozen pencils and 321 reams of
paper each week. If pencils cost five cents each 3. The student gave a plausible explanation for his
and a ream of paper costs $7.50, how much does lateness, so it was excused by the teacher.
it cost to supply the office for a week? a. unbelievable
a. $7.55 b. credible
b. $12.20 c. insufficient
c. $27.45 d. apologetic
d. $38.25
4. Concurrent most nearly means
a. incidental.
b. simultaneous.
c. apprehensive.
d. substantial.
5. Impromptu most nearly means

a. tactless.
b. passive.
c. rehearsed.
d. spontaneous.
45
6. Rescind most nearly means 12. Proponent most nearly means

a. withdraw. a. advocate.
b. increase. b. delinquent.
c. oppose. c. idealist.
d. divide. d. critic.
7. He based his conclusion on what he inferred 13. Intrepid most nearly means
from the evidence, not on what he actually a. belligerent.
observed. b. consistent.
a. intuited c. timid.
b. imagined d. fearless.
c. surmised
d. implied 14. Statute most nearly means
a. replica.
8. Saturate most nearly means b. ordinance.
a. deprive. c. collection.
b. construe. d. hypothesis.
c. soak.
d. verify. 15. The general public was apathetic about the
verdict.
9. Synopsis most nearly means a. enraged
a. summary. b. indifferent
b. abundance. c. suspicious
c. stereotype. d. saddened
d. verify.
16. Mindy’s father found her lies disconcerting.
10. Hyperbole most nearly means a. upsetting
a. sincerity. b. embarrassing
b. exaggeration. c. discouraging
c. understatement. d. revealing
d. indignation.
17. Refrain most nearly means
11. Delineate most nearly means a. desist.
a. reverse. b. secure.
b. count. c. glimpse.
c. divide. d. persevere.
d. describe.
46
18. One of the duties of a captain is to delegate 24. Rationale most nearly means
responsibility. a. explanation.
a. analyze b. regret.
b. respect c. denial.
c. criticize d. anticipation.
d. assign
25. Although Ivan had failed another test, he seemed
19. Spurious most nearly means apathetic about it.
a. prevalent. a. upset
b. false. b. indifferent
c. melancholy. c. curious
d. actual. d. enthusiastic
20. The spokesperson must articulate the philosophy 26. Accolade most nearly means
of an entire department. a. disbelief.
a. trust b. impression.
b. refine c. praise.
c. verify d. happiness.
d. express
27. Verisimilitude most nearly means
21. Appease most nearly means a. deceit.
a. please. b. fanaticism.
b. anger. c. similarity.
c. annoy. d. realism.
d. calm.
28. Umbrage most nearly means
22. The hospital was an expansive facility. a. protection.
a. obsolete b. offense.
b. meager c. transition.
c. spacious d. gathering.
d. costly
29. She approached the work with alacrity.
23. Urbane most nearly means a. eagerness
a. foolish. b. sadness
b. vulgar. c. bitterness
c. sophisticated. d. unconcern
d. sentimental.
47
30. They didn’t want to get bogged down in the Part 3:

minutiae of the project. Paragraph Comprehension
a. microcosm
b. regiment Time: 13 minutes
c. details
d. pattern Read the passages and answer the questions that
follow.
31. Penury most nearly means
a. destitution. Hearsay evidence, which is the secondhand report-
b. punishment. ing of a statement, is allowed in court only when the
c. judgment. truth of the statement is irrelevant. Hearsay that
d. agony. depends on the statement’s truthfulness is inadmis-
sible because the witness does not appear in court
32. Forbearance most nearly means and swear an oath to tell the truth. Because his or her
a. poverty. demeanor when making the statement is not visible
b. strength. to the jury, the accuracy of the statement cannot be
c. patience. tested under cross-examination, and to introduce it
d. ancestry. would be to deprive the accused of the constitu-
tional right to confront the accuser. Hearsay is
33. Asperity most nearly means admissible, however, when the truth of the statement
a. harshness. is unimportant. If, for example, a defendant claims
b. pettiness. to have been unconscious at a certain time, and a
c. complexity. witness claims that the defendant actually spoke to
d. fortune. her at that time, this evidence would be admissible
because the truth of what the defendant actually
34. Decorum most nearly means said is irrelevant.
a. shy.
b. decoration. 1. The main purpose of the passage is to
c. coarse. a. explain why hearsay evidence abridges the
d. etiquette. rights of the accused.
b. question the probable truthfulness of hearsay
35. As he read about the tragedy, he was struck with evidence.
consternation. c. argue that rules about the admissibility of
a. dismay hearsay evidence should be changed.
b. constellation d. specify which use of hearsay evidence is inad-
c. reservation missible and why.
d. disbelief
48
2. Which of the following is NOT a reason given in 5. All bus operators are required to do which of the
the passage for the inadmissibility of hearsay following?
evidence? a. receive training in defensive driving and
a. Rumors are not necessarily credible. operating a computer
b. The person making the original statement was b. complete ten months of refresher driver
not under oath. training
c. The jury should be able to watch the gestures c. train new drivers on how to operate a simulator
and facial expressions of the person making d. complete twenty hours of training on a
the statement. simulator
d. The person making the statement cannot be
cross-examined. 6. The main purpose of the refresher training
course on the simulator is to
3. How does the passage explain the proper use of a. make sure that all bus operators are maintain-
hearsay evidence? ing proper driving habits.
a. by listing a set of criteria b. give experienced bus operators an opportu-
b. by providing a hypothetical example nity to learn new driving techniques.
c. by referring to the Constitution c. help all bus operators to develop hand-eye
d. by citing case law coordination.
d. reduce the city’s operating budget.
4. The passage suggests that the criterion used for
deciding that most hearsay evidence is inadmissi- The city has distributed standardized recycling con-
ble was most likely tainers to all households with directions that read:
a. the unreliability of most hearsay witnesses. “We would prefer that you use this new container as
b. the importance of physical evidence to cor- your primary recycling container. Additional recy-
roborate witness testimony. cling containers may be purchased from the city.”
c. concern for discerning the truth in a fair
manner. 7. According to the directions, each household
d. doubt about the relevance of hearsay a. may only use one recycling container.
testimony. b. must use the new recycling container.
c. should use the new recycling container.
During the next ten months, all bus operators with d. must buy a new recycling container.
two or more years of service will be required to have
completed twenty hours of refresher training on 8. According to the directions, which of the follow-
one of the Vehicle Maneuvering Training Bus sim- ing is true about the new containers?
ulators. a. The new containers are better than other
Instructors who have used this new technology containers.
report that trainees develop skills more quickly than b. Households may use only the new containers
with traditional training methods. The new refresher for recyclable items.
training system reinforces defensive driving skills c. The new containers hold more than the old
and safe driving habits. Drivers can also check their containers did.
reaction times and hand-eye coordination. d. Households may use other containers besides
the new ones if they wish.
49
After a snow or ice fall, the city streets are treated as he was one of only a few professors to speak out in
with ordinary rock salt. In some areas, the salt is favor of her right to attend the university.
combined with calcium chloride, which is more
effective in below-zero temperatures and which 11. This passage is most likely from a book called
melts ice better. This combination of salt and cal- a. Twentieth Century United States History.
cium chloride is also less damaging to foliage along b. A Collection of Favorite Children’s Stories.
the roadways. c. A History of the Civil War.
d. How to Choose the College That Is Right for You.
9. In deciding whether to use ordinary rock salt or
the salt and calcium chloride on a particular 12. According to the passage, Autherine Lucy
street, which of the following is NOT a a. lived in a dormitory.
consideration? b. sat in the front row of her class.
a. the temperature at the time of treatment c. became a lawyer.
b. the plants and trees along the street d. majored in history.
c. whether there is ice on the street
d. whether the street is a main or secondary road Photojournalists who cover tragic events, such as ter-
rorist attacks, extreme poverty, and death, are sus-
10. According to the snow treatment directions, ceptible to stress disorders. As a result, newsroom
which of the following is true? managers must be on the lookout for signs of such a
a. If the temperature is below zero, salt and cal- condition among their staff. Although studies have
cium chloride is effective in treating snow- and shown that most photojournalists are resilient to
ice-covered streets. stress disorders, witnessing car automobile carnage
b. Crews must wait until the snow or ice stops and human-induced trauma are most difficult to
falling before salting streets. overcome. The more exposure a photojournalist has
c. The city always salts major roads first. to death and injury, the more likely he or she is to
d. If the snowfall is light, the city will not salt develop stress disorders.
the streets as this would be a waste of the
salt supply. 13. What is the main idea of the passage?
a. Newsroom managers must be on the lookout
On February 3, 1956, Autherine Lucy became the first for signs of stress disorders among their staff.
African-American student to attend the University of b. Witnessing a terrorist attack will most likely
Alabama, although the dean of women refused to cause a photojournalist to experience stress
allow Autherine to live in a university dormitory. disorders.
White students rioted in protest of her admission, c. The more exposure a photojournalist has to
and the federal government had to assume com- death and injury, the more likely he or she is
mand of the Alabama National Guard in order to to develop stress disorders.
protect her. Nonetheless, on her first day in class, d. Photojournalists who cover tragic events
Autherine bravely took a seat in the front row. She could develop stress disorders because of the
remembers being surprised that the professor of the extreme trauma they witness.
class appeared not to notice she was even in class.
Later she would appreciate his seeming indifference,
50
14. According to the passage, under which of the fol- 2. 415 + 125 + 3130 =
lowing circumstances should a newsroom manager a. 8190
be most alert to a photojournalist’s state of mind?
a. after witnessing extreme poverty b. 9110
b. when the photojournalist returns from cover- c. 845
ing a traumatic story d. 8165
c. taking part in assembling relief funds for
tragic events 3. 4
is equivalent to which of the following?
5
d. after exposure to a tragedy caused by humans a. 0.45
b. 54
15. According to the passage, which of the following c. 8%
would be the most advantageous action a news- d. 80%
room manager could take to avoid stress disor-
ders among her staff? 4. What is the decimal equivalent of 13, rounded to
a. Rotate the photojournalists who are exposed the nearest hundredth?
to traumatic events. a. 0.13
b. Give extra time off to photojournalists who b. 0.33
cover war. c. 0.50
c. Have psychotherapists travel with d. 0.67
photojournalists.
d. Advise photojournalists to seek help after they 5. 413 + 325 – 21145 =
cover traumatic events.
a. 41125
b. 5135
Part 4: c. 1023
Mathematics Knowledge
d. 5117
Time: 24 minutes
6. What is another name for 20,706?
1. In the figure below, angle POS measures 90˚. a. 200 + 70 + 6
What is the measure of angle ROQ? b. 2,000 + 700 + 6
c. 20,000 + 70 + 6
P R d. 20,000 + 700 + 6
O 7. What are the missing integers on this number line?
S Q -5 0
a. 45˚ a. –4 and 1
b. 90˚ b. –6 and 1
c. 180˚ c. –6 and –1
d. 270˚ d. 4 and 9
51
8. Which of the following is divisible by 3, 7, and 8? 14. 125% is equivalent to

a. 21 a. 0.125
b. 24 b. 1.25
c. 56 c. 12.5
d. 168 d. 125
9. What is another way to write 4 × 4 × 4? 15. Triangle ABC is an isosceles triangle, with a base
a. 3 × 4 length of 14 inches. If its perimeter is 3 feet, what
b. 8 × 4 is the length of each of the legs of triangle ABC?
c. 43 a. 36 inches
d. 34 b. 18 inches
c. 22 inches
10. Which of these is equivalent to 35˚ C? d. 11 inches
(F = 95C + 32)
a. 105˚ F 16. Which value of x will make the following number
b. 95˚ F sentence true?
c. 63˚ F x + 25 = 13
d. 19˚ F a. –13
b. –11
11. What is the volume of a pyramid that has a rec- c. –12
tangular base 5 feet by 3 feet and a height of 8 d. 38
feet? (V = 13lwh)
a. 16 feet3 17. How many faces does a cube have?
b. 30 feet3 a. 4
c. 40 feet3 b. 6
d. 120 feet3 c. 8
d. 12
12. How many inches are there in 313 yards?
a. 126 18. What is the length of a rectangle if its width is 9
b. 120 feet and its area is 117 square feet?
c. 160 a. 1.3 feet
d. 168 b. 10.5 feet
c. 12 feet
13
13. = d. 13 feet
4
a. 3.40
b. 4.25 19. A square is a special case of all of the following
c. 3.75 geometric figures EXCEPT a
d. 3.25 a. parallelogram.
b. rectangle.
c. rhombus.
d. trapezoid.
52
20. What is the value of x in the figure below? 23. Negative 2.07 is equal to
a. –2170
7
b. –2100
7

10 c. –210 00
1 d. –2.7
e. –2.70
24. 62.5% is equal to

x
1
a. 16.
a. 2 5
b. .
b. 3 8
c. 5 c. 614.
d. 9 d. 625.
21. 523 is closest to 25. A line intersects two parallel lines in the follow-
a. 5.23 ing figure. If P measures 40˚, what is the
b. 5. 33 measure of Q?
c. 0.523
d. 5.67
Q
22. If the figure below is a regular decagon with a
center at Q, what is the measure of the indicated
P
angle?
a. 50°
b. 60°
c. 80°
d. 140°
Q
a. 36˚
b. 45˚
c. 90˚
d. 108˚
53
Answers 10. a. In this question, you need to find 15% of the

30% of students that are in the music program.
Part 1: Arithmetic Reasoning To find 15% of 30%, change the percents to
1. b. Since Ellen has $36.00, divide the price per decimal form and multiply. Since 30% = 0.30
lily by $36.00 in order to see how many lilies and 15% = 0.15, multiply
$36.00 (0.30)(0.15) = 0.045. As a decimal, this is
she can purchase.
$1.80 = 20, so Ellen can
buy 20 lilies at the market. equivalent to 4.5% which is choice a.
2. c. The volume of the aquarium can be found 11. d. The basic cable service fee of $15 is 75%
by using the formula V = l × w × h. Since the of $20.
length is 12 inches, the width is 5 inches, and 12. a. The labor fee ($25) plus the deposit ($65)
the height is 10 inches, multiply V = 12 × 5 × plus the basic service ($15) equals $105. The
10 to get a volume of 600 cubic inches. difference between the total bill, $112.50, and
3. c. The value of the handbag ($150) must be $105 is $7.50, the cost of the news channels.
included in the total. 13. d. Eighty out of 100 is 80%. Eighty percent of
4. d. Both choices a and b can be ruled out 30,000 is 24,000.
because there is no way to determine how 14. d. 27.5% of 400 is 110.
many tickets are for adults or for children. 15. b. Rock is 45.5%; when we add 4.5% for classi-
Choice c can be ruled out because the price cal, the total is 50%.
of group tickets is not given. 16. c. If 60% of the people were satisfied with their
5. d. Since the 15-year-old is older than 12, her new car, 40% were unsatisfied; 40% of 220
admission cost will be the same as the adult is 88.
ticket price. The tickets for the 12- and 11- 17. c. Divide 135 Spanish-speaking students by
year-old children will be at the reduced rate. 1,125 total number of students to arrive at
Therefore, the Saturday evening movie .12 or 12%.
would cost $7.50 × (2 tickets) + $5.00 × (2 18. c. Since the garden needs 200 feet of linear fenc-
tickets) = $25.00. The Saturday matinee ing to enclose it, the distance around the gar-
movie would cost $5.50 × (2 tickets) + $3.00 den (the perimeter) is 200 feet. The formula
× (2 tickets) = $17.00. Since $25.00 – $17.00 for calculating the perimeter of a rectangle is
= $8.00, the Reaves would save $8.00 by 2 × length + 2 × width. 2 × 80 + 2 × 20 = 200,
going to the 3:30 p.m. matinee. so the dimensions of the garden could be 80
6. a. The adult price on Saturday afternoon is feet long and 20 feet wide.
$5.50; the child’s price is $3.00. 19. c. Three feet 4 inches equals 40 inches; 40
7. d. This problem is solved by dividing 60 by 0.75. divided by 5 is 8.
8. b. This is a simple multiplication problem that 20. a. It will cost $3 for a sandwich and a cookie. To
is solved by multiplying 35 times 8.2. get two additional sandwiches, it would cost
9. d. Raindrop Roofing gave an estimate of $6,000 another $4. Therefore, it would cost $7 to get
and Kendra’s Contracting had an estimate three sandwiches and a cookie. Since she has
that was 35 of that, so $6,000 is multiplied by only $6 to spend, this combination is not
3 $6,000 3 $18,000
. Next, it is found that × = = possible.
5 1 5 5
$3,600, the estimate given by Kendra’s 21. d. In order to know how many square feet of
Contracting. tile are needed to cover the table, the area of
54
the table must be calculated. The area of a To get the length, we remember that l equals
circle is calculated with the formula A = πr2. 6w, so l equals (6)(3), or 18 feet.
The diameter of the table is 10 feet and 27. c. Find the price per ounce of each brand, as
therefore the radius is 5 feet (half the diame- follows: Brand W is 261 or 3.5 cents per
ter). The area of the tabletop will be π × 52 = ounce; Brand X is 1458 or 3.2 cents per ounce;
3.14 × 25 = 78.5 feet. The closest approxima- Brand Y is 2506 or 2.8 cents per ounce; Brand
tion of 78.5 is 79 square feet. Z is 3926 or 3.0 cents per ounce. It is then easy
22. b. Use the formula beginning with the opera- to see that Brand Y, at 2.8 cents per ounce, is
tion in parentheses: 98 – 32 = 66. Then multi- the least expensive.
ply 66 by 59, first multiplying 66 by 5 to get 28. a. The first calculation needed to be made is to
330; 330 divided by 9 is 36.66667, which is figure out how many gallons of gas Belicia’s
rounded up to 36.7. car will consume in the 364-mile trip. The car
23. c. Each 9-foot wall has an area of 9 × 8 or 72 gets 28 miles per gallon of gas, so divide 364
364 miles
square feet. There are two such walls, so by 28 to calculate this: 28 miles p
er gallon = 13
those two walls combined have an area of 72 gallons of gas needed. Since gas costs $4.85
× 2 or 144 square feet. Each 11-foot wall has per gallon, calculate the total cost by multi-
an area of 11 × 8 or 88 square feet, and again plying 13 gallons of gas by $4.85. 13 × $4.85 =
there are two such walls: 88 × 2 = 176. To $63.05.
find the total surface area, add 144 and 176 29. b. K + F + S = 540. Also, K = 2F and S = 2F,
to get 320 square feet. which changes the original equation to 2F +
24. b. 121 cups equals 23 cups. The ratio is 6 people F + 2F = 540, so 5F = 540 and F = 108. Since
to 4 people, which is equal to the ratio of x there is one fork per place setting, the cook
to 23. By cross multiplying, we get 6(23) can buy 108 place settings.
equals 4x, or 9 equals 4x. Dividing both 30. c. First find the total price of the pencils:
sides by 4, we get 49, or 241 cups. (24 pencils)($0.05) = $1.20. Then find the
25. a. The distance between Plattville and Quincy total price of the paper: (3.5 reams)($7.50
is the hypotenuse of a right triangle with per ream) = $26.25. Next, add the two
sides of length 80 and 60. The length of the totals together: $1.20 + 26.25 = $27.45.
hypotenuse equals the square root of (802 +
602), which equals the square root of (6,400 Part 2: Word Knowledge
+ 3,600), which equals the square root of 1. c. If something is specious, it is deliberately
10,000, which equals 100 miles. deceitful or misleading.
26. d. The volume of concrete is 27 cubic feet. Vol- 2. a. To expedite a process is to hurry it up or
ume is length times width times depth, or accelerate it.
(l)(w)(d), so (l)(w)(d) = 27. We’re told that 3. b. If something is plausible, it is believable or
the length l is 6 times the width w, so l equals credible.
6w. We’re also told that the depth is 6 inches, 4. b. Concurrent means happening at the same
or 0.5 feet. Substituting what we know about time; simultaneous means the same thing.
the length and depth into the original equa- 5. d. Impromptu means without preparation;
tion and solving for w, we get (l)(w)(d) = spontaneous means unpremeditated.
(6w)(w)(0.5) = 27.3w2 = 27; w2 = 9, so w = 3. 6. a. To rescind is to cancel or withdraw an offer.
55
7. c. To infer something is to surmise it or deduce 27. d. Verisimilitude is the appearance of being true
it from the evidence. or realism.
8. c. To saturate is to fill or to load to capacity; to 28. b. Umbrage is to feel resentment about some-
soak is to permeate. thing or take offense to it.
9. a. A synopsis is an abbreviated version; a sum- 29. a. Alacrity is enthusiasm and eagerness.
mary is a brief statement of facts or points. 30. c. Minutiae are the finer points or details.
10. b. A hyperbole is an extravagant statement; an 31. a. Penury is poverty, pennilessness, or
exaggeration is an overstatement. destitution.
11. d. To delineate is to explain something in detail 32. c. Forbearance means patience, willingness to
or describe it. wait, or tolerance.
12. a. A proponent is a supporter of something; an 33. a. Asperity is rigor, severity, or harshness.
advocate is someone who supports some- 34. d. Decorum is having good manners, respect, or
thing—for instance, a cause. etiquette.
13. d. An intrepid person approaches a challenge 35. a. Consternation is concern, alarm, or dismay.
without fear; a fearless person behaves the
same way.
14. b. A statute is a law; an ordinance is a rule or law.
15. b. To be apathetic is to show little or no interest, Part 3: Paragraph
or to be indifferent. Comprehension
16. a. If something is disconcerting, it is disturbing 1. d. Although the last sentence expands on the
or upsetting. main point, the rest of the passage explains
17. a. To refrain is to hold back from doing some- why hearsay evidence is only admissible
thing; to desist is to cease doing something. when it doesn’t matter whether or not the
18. d. To delegate a task is to assign it or to appoint statement is true.
another to do it. 2. a. This statement may be true, but it isn’t in the
19. b. Something that is spurious is not genuine; passage.
something that is false is also not genuine. 3. b. See the last sentence of the passage.
20. d. To articulate something is to give words to it 4. c. The passage mentions the truthfulness of tes-
or express it. timony several times.
21. d. To appease someone is to soothe them or 5. d. The first two sentences of the passage state
calm them down. that bus operators must have twenty hours of
22. c. If something is expansive, it is broad, open, training on a simulator.
or spacious. 6. a. The second sentence in the second paragraph
23. c. To be urbane is to show the refined manners states that the simulator reinforces safe
of high society; to be sophisticated is to show driving habits. Although choices b, c, and d
worldly knowledge or refinement. are possible benefits of the program, these are
24. a. A rationale is a reason for something; an not the main purpose of the refresher course.
explanation is a clarification or definition or 7. c. The directions indicate that the city prefers,
something. but does not require, use of the new con-
25. b. To be apathetic is to be uninterested, uncon- tainer. In addition, it appears the city charges
cerned, or indifferent. residents only for additional containers.
26. c. An accolade is a great compliment or praise.
56
8. d. The directions state that the city would like 3. d. To convert a fraction to a percent, change the
households to use the new containers as their denominator to 100 with multiplication.
primary containers; this means other con- (Multiply the denominator and the numera-
tainers are allowed. tor by the same number, so that you do not
9. d. The directions mention nothing about main change the value of the original fraction).
or secondary roads. For example, 45 × 2200 = 80
10
0 , which is equiva-
10. a. The other choices are not mentioned in the lent to 80%. Another way to consider this
directions. problem is to change it to a decimal first by
11. a. The passage states that the events it described dividing the numerator, 4, by the denomina-
happened in 1956; this rules out choice c. The tor, 5; 4.00 ÷ 5 = 0.80 = 80%.
purpose of the passage is to explain a histori- 4. b. Divide the numerator by the denominator;
cal event, so choices b and d are clearly wrong. 1.000 ÷ 3 = 0.333. Round the answer to the
12. b. See the first paragraph. Choice a is contra- hundredths place (two decimal places) to get
dicted in the first paragraph, and the passage the answer 0.33.
does not discuss Lucy’s later profession 5. a. First, consider the addition: 413 + 325. In order
(choice c) or major (choice d). to add or subtract fractions, they must have
13. d. Choices a and c are details in the passage, not common denominators. Since both of the
the main idea of the passage. Choice b is numerators (3 and 5), are factors of 15, use
incorrect because the passage states that wit- 15 as your common denominator.
nessing a terrorist attack might cause stress
1 5 5 1 5
disorders, not that it will most likely cause × = 1
5 , so 43 = 415.
3 5
2 3 6 2 6
stress disorders. × = 1
5 , so 35 = 315.
5 3
14. d. According to the passage, witnessing human-
induced trauma, as well as automobile car- Then, add the mixed numbers with common
nage, is most difficult to overcome. denominators:
15. a. The more trauma photojournalists witness,
the more likely they are to develop stress dis- 4155 + 3165 = 71115 .
orders, so it would be most advantageous for
newsroom managers to rotate the photojour- Then, 71115 – 21145 must be calculated. Since the
nalists who are exposed to traumatic events, numerator of the first fraction, 11, is smaller
ensuring that no one photojournalist is than the numerator of the second fraction,
exposed more than others. 14, borrow one whole number from the 7 in
71115 , changing it to 6, and add 1155 to 1115 to get
26 11 26
Part 4: Mathematics Knowledge . Therefore, 7 = 6.
15 15 15
Q
1. b. P and RS are intersecting lines. The fact
that POS is a 90-degree angle means that Lastly, 62165 – 21145 = 41125 .

PQ and RS are perpendicular, indicating that 6. d. Choice a reads 276; choice b reads 2,706;
all the angles formed by their intersection, choice c reads 20,076.
including ROQ, measure 90˚. 7. a. The first box is one greater than –5; the sec-
2. a. Incorrect answers include adding both the ond is one greater than 0.
numerator and the denominator and not
converting fifths to tenths properly.
57
8. d. 168 is the only number that can be divided eral with 90-degree angles, and a rhombus
by 3, 7, and 8. 168 ÷ 3 = 56, 168 ÷ 7 = 24, because it is a parallelogram with all sides
168 ÷ 8 = 21. equal in length. However, a square is not a
9. c. The meaning of 43 is 4 times itself 3 times. trapezoid because a trapezoid has only two
10. b. Use 35 for C; F = (59 × 35) + 32. Therefore F sides parallel.
= 63 + 32, or 95˚. 20. b. The Pythagorean theorem states that the
11. c. 5(3)(8) = 120; 120 ÷ 3 = 40. square of the length of the hypotenuse of a
12. b. To solve this problem, you must first convert right triangle is equal to the sum of the
yards to inches. There are 36 inches in a squares of the other two sides, so we know
yard; 36(331) = 120. that 12 + x2 = (10 )2, so 1 + x2 = 10, so x2 =
13. d. To change a fraction into decimal, divide the 10 – 1 = 9, so x = 3.
numerator by the denominator: 13 ÷ 4 = 21. d. 23 = 0.6666 repeating, so 523 is equivalent to
3.25. Another way to consider this problem 5.66666 or 5.67.
is to change 143 into a mixed fraction by 22. d. If the figure is a regular decagon, it can be
dividing 13 by 4 to get 3, with 14 left over: 143 divided into ten equal sections by lines
= 314 = 3.25. passing through the center. Two such lines
14. b. Percent means “out of 100.” In order to turn form the indicated angle, which includes
a percent into a decimal, divide it by 100: three of the ten sections; 130 of 360˚ = 108˚.
125
125% =
100 = 1.25. (When dividing a num- 23. b. The 7 is in the hundredths place, therefore,
7 7
ber by a power of 10 such as 10, 100, or 0.07 is equal to , and 2.07 = 2
100 . “Nega-
100
7
1,000, simply move the decimal point of the tive 2.07” is equal to –2 .
100
62.5
numerator one place to the left for every zero 24. b. 62.5% is
100 . You should multiply both the
in the denominator.) numerator and denominator by 10 to move
625
15. d. An isosceles triangle has two equal legs and the decimal point, resulting in 1,000 , and
one base. The perimeter of the triangle is 3 then factor both the numerator and denomi-
feet, which is equivalent to 36 inches (12 nator to find out how far you can reduce the
625 (5)(5)(5)(5)
inches in every foot). The base is 14 inches, fraction; 1,0
00 equals
(5)(5)(5)(8) . If you cancel
so the sum of the two legs is 36 inches – 14 the three 5s that are in both the numerator
inches = 22 inches. Since both legs are of and denominator, you will get 58.
equal length, 22 ÷ 2 = 11 inches for each leg. 25. d. A line that intersects two parallel lines forms
16. c. Since the solution to the problem x + 25 = supplementary angles on either side of it.
13, x = –12. Supplementary angles are angles whose
17. b. A cube has four sides, a top, and a bottom, measures add up to 180˚; 180 – 40 = 140.
which means that it has six faces.
18. d. To solve this problem, you should use the
formula A = lw, or 117 = 9l. Next, you must
divide 117 by 9 to find the answer.
19. d. A square is a special case of all of these fig-
ures except the trapezoid. A square is a paral-
lelogram because its opposite sides are
parallel, a rectangle because it is a quadrilat-
58
Scoring
Write your raw score (the number you got right) for each test in the blanks below. Then turn to Chapter 3 to find
out how to convert these raw scores into the scores the armed services use.
1. Arithmetic Reasoning: right out of 30

2. Word Knowledge: right out of 35
3. Paragraph Comprehension: right out of 15
4. Mathematics Knowledge: right out of 25
Here are the steps you should take, depending on your AFQT score on the first practice test:
■ If your AFQT is below 29, you need more help in reading and/or math. You should spend plenty of time
reviewing the lessons and practice questions found in this book.
■ If your AFQT is 29–31, be sure to focus on your weakest subjects in the review lessons and practice ques-
tions that are found in this book.
■ If your AFQT is above 31, review the areas that give you trouble, and then take the second practice test in
Chapter 12 to make sure you are able to get a passing score again.
59
C H A P T E R
6 Math Review
CHAPTER SUMMARY
This chapter gives you some important tips for dealing with math ques-
tions and reviews some of the most commonly tested concepts. If you
need to learn or review important math skills, this chapter is for you.
T wo subtests of the ASVAB—Arithmetic Reasoning and Mathematics Knowledge—cover math skills.

Arithmetic Reasoning is basically math word problems. Mathematics Knowledge tests your knowl-
edge of math concepts, principles, and procedures. You don’t have to do a lot of calculation in the
Mathematics Knowledge subtest; you need to know basic terminology (like sum and perimeter), formulas (such
as the area of a square), and computation rules. Both subtests cover the subjects you probably studied in school.
This chapter reviews concepts you will need for both Arithmetic Reasoning and Mathematics Knowledge.
Chapter 7 gives you more of these types of problems for extra practice.
Math Strategies
■ Don’t work in your head! Use your test book or scratch paper to take notes, draw pictures, and calculate.
Although you might think that you can solve math questions more quickly in your head, that’s a good way
to make mistakes. Write out each step.
61
– MATH REVIEW –
■ Read a math question in chunks, rather than Backdoor Approaches for

straight through from beginning to end. As you Answering Tough Questions
read each chunk, stop to think about what it Many word problems are actually easier to solve by
means and make notes or draw a picture to repre- backdoor approaches. The two techniques that follow
sent that chunk. are time-saving ways to solve multiple-choice word
■ When you get to the actual question, circle it. problems that you don’t know how to solve with a
This will keep you more focused as you solve the straightforward approach. The first technique, nice
problem. numbers, is useful when there are unknowns (like x) in
■ Glance at the answer choices for clues. If they are the text of the word problem, making the problem too
fractions, you probably should do your work in abstract for you. The second technique, working back-
fractions; if they are decimals, you should proba- ward, presents a quick way to substitute numeric answer
bly work in decimals; and so on. choices back into the problem to see which one works.
■ Make a plan of attack to help you solve the
problem. Nice Numbers
■ If a question stumps you, try one of the back- 1. When a question contains unknowns, like x,
door approaches explained in the next section. plug nice numbers in for the unknowns. A nice
These are particularly useful for solving word number is easy to calculate with and makes
problems. sense in the problem.
■ When you get your answer, reread the circled 2. Read the question with the nice numbers in
question to make sure you have answered it. place. Then solve it.
This helps avoid the careless mistake of answering 3. If the answer choices are all numbers, the choice
the wrong question. that matches your answer is the right one.
■ Check your work after you get an answer. Test- 4. If the answer choices contain unknowns, substi-
takers get a false sense of security when they get an tute the same nice numbers into all the answer
answer that matches one of the multiple-choice choices. The choice that matches your answer is
answers. Here are some good ways to check your the right one. If more than one answer matches,
work if you have time: do the problem again with different nice num-
■ Ask yourself if your answer is reasonable, if bers. You will have to check only the answer
it makes sense. choices that have already matched.
■ Plug your answer back into the problem to
make sure the problem holds together. Example:

■ Do the question a second time, but use a
different method. Judi went shopping with p dollars in her pocket.

■ Approximate when appropriate. For example: If s shirts cost d dollars, what is the maximum
■ $5.98 + $8.97 is a little less than $15. (Add: number of shirts Judi could buy with the money
$6 + $9) in her pocket?
■ .9876 × 5.0342 is close to 5. (Multiply: 1 × 5)
a. psd
■ Skip hard questions and come back to them later.
b. pds
Mark them in your test book so you can find them pd
c.
quickly. s
ds
d.
p
62
– MATH REVIEW –
To solve this problem, let’s try these nice numbers: p = 3. Plug in one of the remaining choices.
$100, s = 2; d = $25. Now reread it with the numbers in 4. If none of the answers works, you may have
place: made a careless error. Begin again or look for
your mistake.
Judi went shopping with $100 in her pocket. If 2
shirts cost $25, what is the maximum number of Example:
shirts Judi could buy with the money in her
pocket? Juan ate 13 of the jellybeans. Maria then ate 34 of
the remaining jellybeans, which left 10 jellybeans.
Since 2 shirts cost $25, that means that 4 shirts cost $50, How many jellybeans were there to begin with?
and 8 shirts cost $100. So our answer is 8. Let’s substi- a. 60
tute the nice numbers into all four answers: b. 80
c. 90
a. 100 × 2 × 25 = 5,000 d. 120
100 × 2
b.
25 = 8 Starting with the middle answer, let’s assume there
100 × 25
c. = 1,250 were 90 jellybeans to begin with:
2
25 × 2 1
d. 10
0 = 2
Since Juan ate 13 of them, that means he ate 30
The answer is b because it is the only one that matches (13 × 90 = 30), leaving 60 of them (90 – 30 =
our answer of 8. 60). Maria then ate 34 of the 60 jellybeans, or
45 of them (34 × 60 = 45). That leaves 15 jelly-
Working Backward beans (60 – 45 = 15).
You can frequently solve a word problem by plugging
the answer choices back into the text of the problem to The problem states that there were 10 jellybeans
see which one fits all the facts stated in the problem. The left, and we wound up with 15 of them. That indicates
process is faster than you think because you will prob- that we started with too big a number. Thus, 90 and 120
ably have to substitute only one or two answers to find are incorrect. With only two choices left, let’s use com-
the right one. mon sense to decide which one to try. The next lower
This approach works only when: answer is only a little smaller than 90 and may not be
small enough. So, let’s try 60:
■ All of the answer choices are numbers.
■ You are asked to find a simple number, not a sum, Since Juan ate 13 of them, that means he ate 20
product, difference, or ratio. (13 × 60 = 20), leaving 40 of them (60 – 20 =
40). Maria then ate 34 of the 40 jellybeans, or 30
Here’s What to Do of them (34 × 40 = 30). That leaves 10 jellybeans
1. Look at all the answer choices and begin with the (40 – 30 = 10).
one in the middle of the range. For example, if
the answers are 14, 8, 2, 20, and 25, begin by The result of 10 jellybeans agrees with the prob-
plugging 14 into the problem. lem, so the correct answer is a.
2. If your choice doesn’t work, eliminate it. Deter-
mine if you need a bigger or smaller answer.
63
– MATH REVIEW –
Word Problems
Many of the math problems on tests are word problems. A word problem can include any kind of math, includ-
ing simple arithmetic, fractions, decimals, percentages, even algebra and geometry.
The hardest part of any word problem is translating English into math. When you read a problem, you can fre-
quently translate it word for word from English statements into mathematical statements. At other times, however, a key
word in the word problem hints at the mathematical operation to be performed. Here are the translation rules:
EQUALS key words: is, are, has
English Math
Bob is 18 years old. b = 18
There are seven hats. h=7
Judi has five cats. c=5
ADDITION key words: sum; more, greater, or older than; total; altogether
English Math
The sum of two numbers is 10. x + y = 10
Karen has $5 more than Sam. k=5+s
The base is 3" greater than the height. b=3+h
Judi is two years older than Tony. j=2+t
The total of three numbers is 25. a + b + c = 25
How much do Joan and Tom have all together? j+t=?
SUBTRACTION key words: difference, fewer, less or younger than, remain, left over
English Math
The difference between two numbers is 17. x – y = 17
Mike has five fewer* cats than twice the number Jan has. m = 2j – 5
Jay is two years younger than Brett. j=b–2
After Carol ate three apples, r apples remained. r=a–3
MULTIPLICATION key words: of, product, times
English Math
Twenty percent of Matthew’s baseball caps are red. 0.20 × m
1
Half of the boys will be there. × b
2
The product of two numbers is 12. a × b = 12
DIVISION key word: per
English Math
15 drops

Add 15 drops per teaspoon. teasp
oon
22 miles
Her car gets 22 miles per gallon.
gallon
Note: Notice that the order of subtraction is flipped when “fewer than” is used: “8 less than 10” translates to “10 – 8,”
not “8 – 10.”
64
– CHAPTER TITLE –
Glossary of Terms
Denominator the bottom number in a fraction. Example: 2 is the denominator in 12.
Difference subtract. The difference of 2 numbers means subtract one number from the other.
Divisible by a number is divisible by a second number if that second number divides evenly into
the original number. Example: 10 is divisible by 5 (10 ÷ 5 = 2, with no remainder). How-
ever, 10 is not divisible by 3. (See multiple of )
Even Integer integers that are divisible by 2, like . . . –4, –2, 0, 2, 4. . . . (See integer)
Integer numbers along the number line, like . . . –3, –2, –1, 0, 1, 2, 3. . . . Integers include the
whole numbers and their opposites. (See whole number)
Multiple of a number is a multiple of a second number if that second number can be multiplied
by an integer to get the original number. Example: 10 is a multiple of 5 (10 = 5 × 2);
however, 10 is not a multiple of 3. (See divisible by)
Negative Number a number that is less than zero, like . . . –1, –18.6, – 34. . . .
Numerator the top part of a fraction. Example: 1 is the numerator of 12.
Odd Integer integers that aren’t divisible by 2, like . . . –5, –3, –1, 1, 3. . . .
Positive Number a number that is greater than zero, like . . . 2, 42, 12, 4.63. . . .
Prime Number integers that are divisible only by 1 and themselves, like . . . 2, 3, 5, 7, 11. . . . All prime
numbers are odd, except for the number 2. The number 1 is not considered prime.
Product multiply. The product of two numbers is the answer when the numbers are multiplied
together.
Quotient the answer you get when you divide. Example: 10 divided by 5 is 2; the quotient is 2.
Real Number all the numbers you can think of, like . . . 17, –5, 12, –23.6, 3.4329, 0. . . . Real num-
bers include the integers, fractions, and decimals. (See integer)
Remainder the number left over after division. Example: 11 divided by 2 is 5, with a remainder of
1.
Sum the sum of two numbers is the answer when the numbers are added together.
Whole Number counting numbers that do not have decimals, like . . . 0, 1, 2, 3. . . . All whole numbers
are positive.
65
– MATH REVIEW –
Distance Formula: Distance = Rate x Time

The key words are words that imply movement, like plane, train, boat, car, walk, run, climb, or swim. In these cases,
use d = r t (distance = rate time), making sure that your units are the same. (You cannot use minutes & hours
in the same equation—you must convert all items into the same unit. For example, 90 minutes equals 1.5 hours.)
■ How far did the plane travel in four hours if it averaged 300 miles per hour?
d=r t
d = 300 × 4
d = 1,200 miles
■ Ben walked 20 miles in four hours. What was his average speed?
d=r t
20 = r × 4
5 miles per hour = r
Solving a Word Problem Using the Translation Table

Remember the problem at the beginning of this chapter about the jellybeans?
Juan ate 13 of the jellybeans. Maria then ate 34 of the remaining jellybeans, which left 10 jellybeans. How
many jellybeans were there to begin with?
a. 60
b. 80
c. 90
d. 120
We solved it by working backward. Now, let’s solve it using our translation rules.
Assume Juan started with J jellybeans. Eating 13 of them means eating 13 × J jellybeans. Maria ate a fraction
of the remaining jellybeans, which means we must subtract to find out how many are left: J – 13 × J = 23 × J. Maria
then ate 34, leaving 14 of the 23 × J jellybeans, or 14 × 23 × J jellybeans. Multiplying out 14 × 23 × J gives 16J as the num-
ber of jellybeans left. The problem states that there were 10 jellybeans left, meaning that we set 16 × J equal to 10:
1
× J = 10.
6
Solving this equation for J gives J = 60. Thus, the right answer is a (the same answer we got when we worked
backward). As you can see, both methods—working backward and translating from English to math—work. You
should use whichever method is more comfortable for you.
66
– MATH REVIEW –
Practice Word Problems

You will find word problems using fractions, decimals, and percentages in those sections of this chapter. For now,
practice using the translation table on problems that just require you to work with basic arithmetic. Answers are
found on page 98.
1. Joan went shopping with $100.00 and returned home with only $18.42. How much money did she spend?
a. $81.58
b. $72.68
c. $72.58
d. $71.58
2. Mark invited ten friends to a party. Each friend brought three guests. How many people came to the party,
excluding Mark?
a. 3
b. 10
c. 30
d. 40
3. If Jennifer uses her cell phone approximately 2.5 hours a day for her new travel business Monday through
Friday, and 2.5 hours a day for personal calls on Saturdays and Sundays, how many minutes will she use in
April, which has 30 days?
a. 2,500 minutes
b. 3,000 minutes
c. 3,500 minutes
d. 4,500 minutes
4. Mr. Wallace is writing a budget request to upgrade his personal computer system. He wants to purchase a
hard drive, which will cost $100, two new software programs at $350 each, a color printer for $249, and an
additional color cartridge for $25. What is the total amount Mr. Wallace should write on his budget
request?
a. $724
b. $974
c. $1,049
d. $1,074
67
– MATH REVIEW –
Fraction Review
Problems involving fractions may be straightforward calculation questions, or they may be word problems. Typ-
ically, they ask you to add, subtract, multiply, divide, or compare fractions.
Working with Fractions

A fraction is a part of something.
Example: Let’s say that a pizza was cut into eight equal slices and you ate three of them. The fraction 38
tells you what part of the pizza you ate. The pizza below shows this: Three of the eight pieces (the ones
you ate) are shaded.
THREE KINDS OF FRACTIONS
Proper fraction The numerator is less than the denominator:

1 2 4 8
; ; ;
2 3 9 13
The value of a proper fraction is less than 1.
Improper fraction The numerator is greater than or equal to the denominator:
3 5 14 12
; ; ;
2 3 9 12
The value of an improper fraction is 1 or more.
Mixed number A fraction written to the right of a whole number:
312; 423; 1234; 2434
The value of a mixed number is more than 1: it is the sum of the whole number
plus the fraction.
68
– MATH REVIEW –
Changing Improper Fractions into Mixed or Whole Numbers

Sometimes, you’ll need to turn an improper fraction into a mixed number. To change an improper fraction, say
13
, into a mixed number, follow these steps:
2
6
1. Divide the denominator (2) into the numerator (13) to get the whole
213
number portion (6) of the mixed number: 12
1
2. Write the remainder of the division (1) over the old denominator (2): 612
3. Check: Change the mixed number back into an improper fraction (see the following section). If you end
up with your original improper fraction, your answer is correct.
Changing Mixed Numbers into Improper Fractions

You must change mixed numbers into improper fractions when multiplying or dividing. To change a mixed num-
ber, say 234, into an improper fraction, follow these steps:
1. Multiply the whole number (2) by the denominator (4): 2×4=8

2. Add the result (8) to the numerator (3): 8 + 3 = 11
11
3. Put the total (11) over the denominator (4):
4
4. Check: Reverse the process by changing the improper fraction into a mixed number. If you get the number
you started with, your answer is right.
Reducing Fractions
Reducing a fraction means writing it in lowest terms, that is, with the smallest possible numerator and denomi-
50 1
nator. For instance, 50¢ is
100 of a dollar, or 2 of a dollar. In fact, if you have 50¢ in your pocket, you say that you
have half a dollar. Reducing a fraction does not change its value.
Follow these steps to reduce a fraction:
1. Find a whole number that divides evenly into both numbers that make up the fraction.
2. Divide that number into the numerator, and replace the numerator with the quotient (the answer you got
when you divided).
3. Do the same thing to the denominator.
4. Repeat the first three steps until you can’t find a number that divides evenly into both the numerator and
the denominator of the fraction.
84 22
For example, let’s reduce 284 . We could do it in two steps
24
2
4 = 6; then
1
6 2 = 3 . Or we could do it in a single
8÷8 1
step
24 ÷ 8 = 3.
Shortcut: When the numerator and denominator both end in zeros, cross out the same number of zeros in
300 3
both numbers to begin the reducing process. For example, 4,0
00 reduces to 40 when you cross out two
zeros in both numbers. This trick works because you’re dividing both numbers by a power of ten, like 10;
100; 1,000; etc.
69
– MATH REVIEW –
Whenever you do arithmetic with fractions, reduce your answer. On a multiple-choice test, don’t panic if
your answer isn’t listed. Try to reduce it and then compare it to the choices.
Reduce these fractions to lowest terms:
3
5. 12 =
14
6. =
35
24
7. =
42
Raising Fractions to Higher Terms

Before you can add and subtract fractions, you have to know how to raise a fraction to higher terms. This is actu-
ally the opposite of reducing a fraction.
Follow these steps to raise 23 to 24ths:
24
1. Divide the old denominator (3) into the new one (24): = 8
3
2. Multiply the answer (8) by the old numerator(2): 2 × 8 = 16

16
3. Put the answer (16) over the new denominator (24):
24
16 ÷ 8 2
4. Check: Reduce the new fraction to see if you return to the original one: =
24 ÷ 8 3
Raise these fractions to higher terms:
5 x
8. 12 = 24
2 x
9. = 27
9
2 x
10. =
5 500
Adding Fractions
In order to add and subtract fractions, they must have the same denominator. If the fractions have the same denom-
inators, just add the numerators together and write the total over the denominator.
2 4 6
Examples: + =
9 9 9 Reduce the 69: 23.
5 7 12
+ =
8 8 8 Change 182 to a mixed number: 148, then reduce: 112.
70
– MATH REVIEW –
There are a few extra steps to add mixed numbers with the same denominators, such as 235 + 145:
3 4 7
1. Add the fractions: + =
5 5 5
7 2
2. Change the improper fraction into a mixed number: = 1
5 5
3. Add the whole numbers: 2+1=3

4. Add the results of steps 2 and 3: 125 + 3 = 425
Finding the Least Common Denominator

If the fractions you want to add don’t have the same denominator, you will have to raise some or all of the frac-
tions to higher terms so that they do have a common denominator. All of the original denominators divide evenly
into the common denominator. If it is the smallest number that they all divide evenly into, it is called the least
common denominator (LCD).
Here are a few tips for finding the LCD, the smallest number that all the denominators evenly divide into:
■ See if all the denominators divide evenly into the biggest one.
■ Write out a multiplication table of the largest denominator until you find a number that all the others
divide into evenly.
■ When all else fails, multiply all the denominators together.
2 4
Example: 3 + 5
1. Find the LCD. Multiply the denominators: 3 × 5 = 15

2 10
2. Raise each fraction to 15ths: =
3 15
+ 5 = 1125
4
___________
22

3. Add as usual: 15
Try these addition problems:
3 1
11. + =
4 6
7 2 3
12. + + =
8 3 4
13. 413 + 234 + 16 =
Subtracting Fractions
Like addition, fractions must have the same denominators before subtracting. If the fractions have the same denom-
inators, just subtract the numerators and write the difference over the denominator.
4 3 4–3 1
Example: – = =
9 9 9 9
71
– MATH REVIEW –
If the fractions you want to subtract don’t have the same denominator, you will have to raise some or all of
the fractions to higher terms so that they all have the same denominator, or LCD. If you forgot how to find the
LCD, just read the section on adding fractions with different denominators.
5 3
Example: – 5
=
10
6 4 6 12
1. Raise each fraction to 12ths because 12 is the LCD, the smallest number – 4 = 192
3
_________
that 6 and 4 both divide into evenly:
1
12
2. Subtract as usual:
Subtracting mixed numbers with the same denominator is similar to adding mixed numbers.
Example: 435 – 125

3 2 1
1. Subtract the fractions: – =
5 5 5
2. Subtract the whole numbers: 4–1 = 3

1
3. Add the results of steps 1 and 2: + 3
5 = 315
Sometimes, there is an extra “borrowing” step when you subtract mixed numbers with the same denomi-
nators, say 735 – 245:
1. You can’t subtract the fractions the way they are because 45 is bigger than 35. So you borrow 1 from the 7,
making it 6, and change that 1 to 55 because 5 is the denominator: 735 = 635 + 55
2. Add the numbers from step 1: 635 + 55 = 685
3. Now you have a different version of the original problem: 685 – 245
8 4
4. Subtract the fractional parts of the two mixed numbers: –
5 5 = 45
5. Subtract the whole number parts of the two mixed numbers: 6–2 =4
6. Add the results of the last 2 steps together: 4 + 45 = 445
Try these subtraction problems:
4 2
14. – =
5 3
7 1 1
15. – – =
8 4 2
16. 1013 – 657 =
72
– MATH REVIEW –
Now, let’s put what you have learned about adding and subtracting fractions to work in some real-life
problems:
17. Manuel drove 312 miles to work. Then he drove 434 miles to the store. When he left there, he drove 2 miles
to the dry cleaner. Then he drove 323 miles back to work for a meeting. Finally, he drove 312 miles home.
How many miles did he travel in total?
a. 17152
b. 16152
c. 15172
d. 15152
18. Before leaving the warehouse, a truck driver noted that the mileage gauge registered 4,357140 miles. When
he arrived at the delivery location, the mileage gauge then registered 4,400110 miles. How many miles did he
drive from the warehouse to the delivery location?
a. 42130
b. 42170
c. 43170
d. 47120
Multiplying Fractions
Multiplying fractions is actually easier than adding them. All you do is multiply the numerators and then multi-
ply the denominators.
2 5 2×5 10
Examples: × = =
3 7 3×7 21
1 3 7 1×3×7 21
× × = =
2 5 4 2×5×4 40
Sometimes you can cancel before multiplying. Canceling is a shortcut that makes the multiplication go faster
because you’re multiplying with smaller numbers. It’s very similar to reducing: if there is a number that divides
evenly into both the numerator and the denominator, do that division before multiplying. If you forget to can-
cel, you will still get the right answer, but you will have to reduce it.
5 9
Example: ×
6 20
1. Cancel the 6 and the 9 by dividing 3 into both of them: 6 ÷ 3 = 2 and 9 ÷ 3 = 3. Cross out the 6 and the 9.
2. Cancel the 5 and the 20 by dividing 5 into both of them: 5 ÷ 5 = 1 and 20 ÷ 5 = 4. Cross out the 5 and the 20.
1×3 3
3. Multiply across the new numerators and denominators: = .
2×4 8
73
– MATH REVIEW –
Try these multiplication problems:
4 25
19. 15 × 8 =
2 4 3
20. × × =
3 7 5
3 8
21. × =
4 9
To multiply a fraction by a whole number, first rewrite the whole number as a fraction with a denominator
of 1.
Example: 5 × 23 = 51 × 23 = 130

(Optional: Convert 130 to a mixed number: 313)
To multiply with mixed numbers, you must change them to improper fractions before multiplying.
Example: 423 × 512

(4 × 3 + 2)
1. Convert 423 to an improper fraction: 423 = 3 = 3
14
(5 × 2 + 1)
2. Convert 512 to an improper fraction: 512 = =
2
11
2
7
14 11 77
3. Cancel and multiply the fractions: =
3 2 3
1
77
4. Optional: Convert the improper fraction to a mixed number: 3 = 2523
Now, try these multiplication problems with mixed numbers and whole numbers:
22. 413 × 25 =
23. 456 × 12 =
24. 334 × 425 =
Here are a few more real-life problems to test your skills:
25. After driving 23 of the 15 miles to work, Mr. Stone stopped to make a phone call. How many miles had he
driven when he made his call?
a. 5
b. 712
c. 10
d. 12
74
– MATH REVIEW –
26. Alrecho used 57 of his savings on his first two years of college. If his original savings totaled $14,000, how
much did he use during his first two years?
a. $5,000
b. $5,700
c. $7,000
d. $10,000
27. Technician Chin makes $14.00 an hour. When she works more than 8 hours a day, she gets overtime pay of
112 times her regular hourly wage for the extra hours. How much did she earn for working 11 hours in one
day?
a. $77
b. $154
c. $175
d. $210
Dividing Fractions
To divide one fraction by a second fraction, invert the second fraction (that is, flip the numerator and denomi-
nator) and then multiply.
Example: 12 ÷ 35
1. Invert the second fraction (35): 53. This is called the reciprocal of 35.
2. Change the division sign (÷) to a multiplication sign (×).
1×5
3. Multiply the first fraction by the reciprocal of the second fraction: 12 × 53 =
5
2×3 = 6
To divide a fraction by a whole number, first change the whole number to a fraction by putting it over 1. Then
follow the division steps.
3×1
Example: 35 ÷ 2 = 35 ÷ 21 = 35 × 12 =
3
5 × 2 = 10
When the division problem has a mixed number, convert it to an improper fraction and then divide as usual.
Example: 234 ÷ 16

2×4+3
1. Convert 234 to an improper fraction: 234 =
4 = 11

4
2. Divide 141 by 16: 11 1

÷
4 6 = 11
4
6
×
1
3
6 11 × 3
3. Flip 16 to 61, change ÷ to ×, cancel, and multiply: 11
× 1
4 = =
2×1
33
2
2
75
– MATH REVIEW –
Here are a few division problems to try:
1 2
28. ÷ =
3 3
29. 234 ÷ 12 =
3
30. ÷ 3 =
5
31. 334 ÷ 213 =
Let’s wrap this up with some real-life problems:
32. If four friends evenly split 612 pounds of candy, how many pounds of candy does each friend get?
8
a. 13
b. 158
c. 112
d. 1153
33. If Terry has a cord that is 2314 inches long and he needs to divide it into 34-inch segments for a school proj-
ect, how many 34-inch pieces of rope will he have when finished?
a. 23 pieces
b. 26 pieces
c. 31 pieces
d. 34 pieces
34. Ms. Goldbaum earned $36.75 for working 312 hours. What was her hourly wage?
a. $10.00
b. $10.50
c. $10.75
d. $12.00
76
– MATH REVIEW –
Decimals
A decimal is a special kind of fraction. You use decimals every day when you deal with money—$10.35 is a dec-
imal that represents 10 dollars and 35 cents. The decimal point separates the dollars from the cents. Because there
1
are 100 cents in one dollar, 1¢ is of a dollar, or $.01.
100
Each decimal digit to the right of the decimal point has a name:
Examples: .1 = 1 tenth = 110

2
.02 = 2 hundredths =
100
3
.003 = 3 thousandths = 1,0
00
4
.0004 = 4 ten-thousandths =
10,000
When you add zeros after the right-most decimal place, you don’t change the value of the decimal. For exam-
ple, 6.17 is the same as all of these:
6.170
6.1700
6.17000000000000000
If there are digits on both sides of the decimal point (like 10.35), the number is called a mixed decimal. If there
are digits only to the right of the decimal point (like .53), the number is called a decimal. A whole number (like 15)
is understood to have a decimal point at its right (15.). Thus, 15 is the same as 15.0, 15.00, 15.000, and so on.
Changing Fractions to Decimals

To change a fraction to a decimal, divide the denominator into the numerator after you put a decimal point and
a few zeros to the right of the numerator. When you divide, bring the decimal point up into your answer.
Example: Change 34 to a decimal.
1. Add a decimal point and two zeros to the top number (3): 3.00
2. Divide the bottom number (4) into 3.00: .75
Bring the decimal point up into the answer: 00
↑
43.
28
20
20
0
3. The quotient (result of the division) is the answer: .75
Some fractions may require you to add many decimal zeros in order for the division to come out evenly. In
fact, when you convert a fraction like 23 to a decimal, you can keep adding decimal zeros to the top number for-
ever because the division will never come out evenly. As you divide 3 into 2, you will keep getting 6s:
2 ÷ 3 = .6666666666 etc.
This is called a repeating decimal and it can be written as .666 or as .6632. You can approximate it as .67, .667,
.6667, and so on.
77
– MATH REVIEW –
Changing Decimals to Fractions

To change a decimal to a fraction, write the digits of the decimal as the numerator and write the decimal’s name
as the denominator. Then reduce the fraction, if possible.
Example: .018
1. Write 18 as the numerator: 18

2. Three places to the right of the decimal means thousandths,
18
so write 1,000 as the denominator:
1,0
00
18 ÷ 2 9
3. Reduce by dividing 2 into the top and bottom numbers:
1,000÷2 =
500
Now, change these decimals or mixed decimals to fractions:
35. .005 =
36. 3.48 =
37. 123.456 =
Comparing Decimals
Because decimals are easier to compare when they have the same number of digits after the decimal point, tack
zeros onto the end of the shorter decimals. Then, all you have to do is compare the numbers as if the decimal points
weren’t there:
Example: Compare .08 and .1.
1. Tack one zero at the end of .1: .10

2. To compare .10 to .08, just compare 10 to 8.
3. Since 10 is larger than 8, .1 is larger than .08.
Adding and Subtracting Decimals

To add or subtract decimals, stack them so their decimal points are aligned. You may want to tack on zeros at the
end of shorter decimals so you can keep all your digits lined up evenly. Remember, if a number doesn’t have a dec-
imal point, then put one at the right end of the number.
Example: 1.23 + 57 + .038 =
1. Line up the numbers like this: 1.230

2. Add. 57.000
+ .038
58.268
Example: 1.23 – .038 =
1. Line up the numbers like this: 1.230

2. Subtract. – .038
1.192
78
– MATH REVIEW –
Try these addition and subtraction problems:
38. 0.007 + 7.7 + 700 =
39. .005 + 8 + .3 =
40. 3.48 – 2.573 =
41. 123.456 – 122 =
42. A park ranger drove 3.7 miles to the state park. He then walked 1.6 miles around the park to make sure
everything was all right. He got back into the car, drove 2.75 miles to check on a broken light, and then
drove 2 miles back to the ranger station. How many miles did he drive in total?
a. 8.05
b. 8.45
c. 8.8
d. 10
e. 10.05
43. Over the course of one year, the price for a stock dropped from $101.53 per share to $78.97 per share. How
much did this stock’s shares drop in price?
a. $23.44
b. $22.56
c. $33.56
d. $13.44
Multiplying Decimals
To multiply decimals, ignore the decimal points and just multiply the numbers. Then, count the total number of
decimal digits (the digits to the right of the decimal point) in the numbers you are multiplying. Starting on the
right side of your answer, count backward to the left one space for each of the decimal digits, and then put the
decimal point to the left of those digits. For example, if you have three decimal digits, count back three spaces and
then insert the decimal into your answer.
Example: 215.7 × 2.4
1. Multiply 2,157 times 24: 2,157

× 24
8,628
4,314
51,768
79
– MATH REVIEW –
2. Because there are a total of two decimal digits in 215.7 and 2.4, count
off two places from the right in 51,768, placing the decimal point to
the left of the last two digits: 517.68
If your answer doesn’t have enough digits, tack zeros on to the left of the answer.
Example: .03 × .006
1. Multiply 3 times 6: 3 × 6 = 18
2. You need five decimal digits in your answer, so tack on three zeros: 00018
3. Put the decimal point at the front of the number (which is
five digits from the right): .00018
You can practice multiplying decimals with these:
44. .05 × .6 =
45. .053 × 6.4 =
46. 38.1 × .0184 =
47. Gas costs $5.12 per gallon in Lone Pine, California. If Jessie puts 8.5 gallons in her car, how much will that
cost?
a. $40.60
b. $42.50
c. $43.52
d. $44.60
48. Nuts cost $3.50 per pound. Approximately how much will 4.25 pounds of nuts cost?
a. $12.25
b. $12.88
c. $14.50
d. $14.88
80
– MATH REVIEW –
Dividing Decimals
56
To divide a decimal by a whole. number, set up the division (8.2), and immediately bring the decimal point
straight up into the answer (8.56
↑2 ). Then, divide as you would normally divide whole numbers.
Example: .032
825
↑. 6

0
25
24
16
16
0
To divide any number by a decimal, you must perform an extra step before you can divide. Move the deci-
mal point to the very right of the number you are dividing by, counting the number of places you are moving it.
Then, move the decimal point the same number of places to the right in the number you are dividing into. In other
words, first change the problem to one in which you are dividing by a whole number.
21
Example: .061.8

1. Because there are two decimal digits in .06, move the decimal point two places to the right in both num-
bers and move the decimal point straight up into the answer:
.
21
.06.1..↑8

2. Divide using the new numbers:
20.3
1.
6128
12
01
00
18
18
0
Under certain conditions, you have to tack on zeros to the right of the last decimal digit in the number you
are dividing into:
■ if there aren’t enough digits for you to move the decimal point to the right.
■ if the answer doesn’t come out evenly when you do the division.
■ if you are dividing a whole number by a decimal. Then you will have to tack on the decimal point as well as
some zeros.
81
– MATH REVIEW –
Try your skills on these division problems:
8 =
49. 79.
51
50. .0004.0 2 =
.6
51. .528=
6 =
52. .1419
53. If Mary Lou paid $11.00 for 4 pounds of grapes, how much did the grapes cost per pound?
a. $2.75
b. $2.65
c. $2.80
d. $2.85
54. Mary walked a total of 18.6 miles in 4 days. On average, how many miles did she walk each day?
a. 4.15
b. 4.60
c. 4.65
d. 22.60
Percents
Percent literally means “out of 100.” It is easy to compare fractions when they are both out of 100, which is why
17
percents are so useful. For example, 17% is the same as 100 . The root cent means 100: A century is 100 years; there
are 100 cents in a dollar, etc. Thus, 17% means 17 parts out of 100. Because fractions can also be expressed as dec-
imals, 17% is also equivalent to .17, which is 17 hundredths.
You come into contact with percents every day. Sales tax, interest, and discounts are just a few common
examples.
If you’re shaky on fractions, you may want to review the fraction section again before reading further.
Changing a Decimal to a Percent and Vice Versa

To change a decimal to a percent, move the decimal point two places to the right and tack on a percent sign (%)
at the end. If the decimal point moves to the end of the number, you can eliminate it. If there aren’t enough places
to move the decimal point, add zeros on the right before moving the decimal point.
To change a percent to a decimal, drop off the percent sign and move the decimal point two places to the
left. If there aren’t enough places to move the decimal point, add zeros on the left before moving the decimal point.
82
– MATH REVIEW –
Try changing these decimals to percents:
55. .45 =
56. .008 =
57. 0.0875 =
Now, change these percents to decimals:
58. 12% =
59. 8712% =
60. 250% =
Changing a Fraction to a Percent and Vice Versa

To change a fraction to a percent, there are two techniques. Each is illustrated by changing the fraction 41 to a percent:
Technique 1: Multiply the fraction by 100%.

25
%
Multiply 14 by 100%: 1 100
× = 25%.
4 1
1
Technique 2: Divide the denominator into the numerator; then, move the decimal point two places
to the right and tack on a percent sign (%).
Divide 4 into 1 and move the decimal point two places to the right:
.25
00
41. .25 = 25%
To change a percent to a fraction, remove the percent sign and write the number over 100. Then, reduce if
possible.
Example: Change 4% to a fraction.

4
1. Remove the % and write the fraction 4 over 100:
100
4÷4 1
2. Reduce: =
100 ÷ 4 25
Example: Change 1623% to a fraction.

1623
1. Remove the % and write the fraction 1623 over 100:
100
2. Since a fraction means “numerator divided by denominator,” rewrite the fraction as a division problem:
1623 ÷ 100
3. Change the mixed number (1623) to an improper fraction (530 ): 50 100
÷
3 1
1
100
4. Flip the second fraction (
1 ) and multiply:
50

3 ×

1 1
=
100 6
2
83
– MATH REVIEW –
Try changing these fractions to percents:
1
61. =
8
5
62. =
4
7
63. 12 =
Now, change these percents to fractions:
64. 95% =
65. 3712% =
66. 125% =
Sometimes it is more convenient to work with a percentage as a fraction or a decimal. Rather than have to
calculate the equivalent fraction or decimal, consider memorizing the equivalence table below. Not only will this
increase your efficiency on the math test, but it will also be practical for real-life situations.
CONVERSION TABLE
Decimal % Fraction
1
.25 25% 4
1
.50 50%
2
3
.75 75%
4
1

.10 10% 10
1
.20 20% 5
2
.40 40%
5
3
.60 60% 5
4
.80 80% 5
.333 3313% 1

3
.666 6623% 2
3
84
– MATH REVIEW –
Percent Word Problems

Word problems involving percents come in three main varieties:
■ Find a percent of a whole.

Example: What is 30% of 40?
■ Find what percent one number is of another.
Example: 12 is what percent of 40?
■ Find the whole when the percent of it is given.
Example: 12 is 30% of what number?
While each variety has its own approach, there is a single shortcut formula you can use to solve each of these:
is %
of =
100
The is is the number that usually follows or is just before the word is in the question.
The of is the number that usually follows the word of in the question.
The % is the number that is in front of the % or percent in the question.
Or you may think of the shortcut formula as:

part %

wh
ole =
100
part × 100 = whole × %
To solve each of the three varieties, let’s use the fact that the cross-products are equal. The cross-products
are the products of the numbers diagonally across from each other. Remembering that product means multiply,
here’s how to create the cross-products for the percent shortcut:
part %

wh
ole =
100
part × 100 = whole × %
Here’s how to use the shortcut with cross-products:
■ Find a percent of a whole.

What is 30% of 40?
is 30
30 is the % and 40 is the of number: =
40 100
Cross multiply and solve for is: is × 100 = 40 × 30
is × 100 = 1,200
12 × 100 = 1,200
Thus, 12 is 30% of 40.
■ Find what percent one number is of another number.
12 is what percent of 40?
12 is the is number and 40 is the of number: 1420 = %

100
Cross multiply and solve for %: 12 × 100 = 40 × %
1,200 = 40 × %
1,200 = 40 × 30
Thus, 12 is 30% of 40.
85
– MATH REVIEW –
■ Find the whole when the percent of it is given.

12 is 30% of what number?
12 30
12 is the is number and 30 is the %: =
10
of 0
Cross-multiply and solve for the of number: 12 × 100 = of × 30
1,200 = of × 30
1,200 = 40 × 30
Thus, 12 is 30% of 40.
A common type of percentage question involves finding the percentage of increase or decrease between two
numbers. When solving such questions, it is helpful to use the following formula:
percent of change = amount of change/original amount
To find the amount of change, find the difference between the original number and the new number by using
subtraction. Put this answer over the original amount. After that number is turned into a percentage, it will be your
percent of change.
Example: If attendance of a class drops from 50 students in the fall semester to 40 students in the spring
semester, find the percent of decrease in the class enrollment.
1. Find the amount of change: 50 – 40 = 10 students

10 students 10
2. Divide the amount of change by the original amount: =
50 students 50
10 20
3. Turn that fraction into a percentage: = 100 = 20%
50
4. Therefore, the class enrollment dropped by 20%.
Note that if the class enrollment were to rise from 40 students to 50 students, that would not be a 20%
increase! Although the amount of change would still be 10 students, the original amount would be 40 students
(instead of 50 students), which would change your answer:
1. Amount of change: 50 – 40 = 10 students

10 students 10
2. Divide the amount of change by the original amount: =
40 students 40
10 1
3. Turn that fraction into a percentage: = = 25%
40 4
4. Therefore, the class enrollment would have a percentage increase of 25%.
Find a percent of a whole:
67. 1% of 25 =
68. 18.2% of 50 =
86
– MATH REVIEW –
69. 42.5% of 200 =
70. 125% of 60 =
Find what percent one number is of another number:
71. 10 is what % of 20?
72. 16 is what % of 24?
73. 12 is what % of 4?
Find the whole when the percent of it is given:
74. 15% of what number is 15?
Now, try your percent skills on some real-life problems:
77. Last Monday, 20% of 140 staff members were absent. How many employees were absent that day?
a. 14
b. 28
c. 112
d. 126
78. 40% of Vero’s postal service employees are women. If there are 80 women in Vero’s postal service, how
many men are employed there?
a. 32
b. 112
c. 120
d. 160
79. There are 780 students at Cliffside Park High School. If 273 of them play at least one sport, what percent-
age of Cliffside Park High School students play sports?
a. 27.3%
b. 2.85%
c. 30%
d. 35%
87
– MATH REVIEW –
80. Sam’s Shoe Store put all of its merchandise on sale for 20% off. If Jason saved $10 by purchasing one pair of
shoes during the sale, what was the original price of the shoes?
a. $12
b. $20
c. $40
d. $50
Averages
An average, also called an arithmetic mean, is a number that typifies a group of numbers, a measure of central
tendency. You come into contact with averages on a regular basis: your bowling average, the average grade on a
test, the average number of hours you work per week.
To calculate an average, add up the number of items being averaged and divide by the number of items.
Example: What is the average of 6, 10, and 20?

6 + 10 + 20
Solution: Add the three numbers together and divide by 3: 3
= 12
Shortcut
Here’s a shortcut for some average problems:
■ Look at the numbers being averaged. If they are equally spaced, like 5, 10, 15, 20, and 25, then the average is
the number in the middle, or 15 in this case.
■ If there is an even number of such numbers, say 10, 20, 30, and 40, then there is no middle number. In this
case, the average is halfway between the two middle numbers. In this case, the average is halfway between 20
and 30, or 25.
■ If the numbers are almost evenly spaced, you can probably estimate the average without going to the trou-
ble of actually computing it. For example, the average of 10, 20, and 32 is just a little more than 20, the mid-
dle number.
Sometimes you will be asked to find a weighted average, which is an average made when some data points
occur more frequently than other data points.
Example: Mr. Beasley gave a test in his English class. Five students scored 72, two students scored 78, and
three students scored 86. What was the average score for this test?
1. First, you must calculate the total number of data points, which in this question would be the number of
students:
There were 10 students in this class (5 + 3 + 2 = 10).
88
– MATH REVIEW –
2. Second, you must calculate the weighted sum of the data by multiplying each data point by the number of
times it occurred. In this case, it will be the number of students who scored a particular mark multiplied by
their test scores:
Five students scored 72 = (5 × 72) = 360 points.

Two students scored 78 = (2 × 78) = 156 points.
Three students scored 86 = (3 × 86) = 258 points.
The total number of points was 360 + 156 + 258 = 801.
Then, divide the total number of points by the total number of students:
801 points

10 stu
dents = test average of 80.1
Try these average questions:
81. Bob’s bowling scores for the last five games were 180, 182, 184, 186, and 188. What was his average
bowling score?
a. 182
b. 183
c. 184
d. 185
82. Conroy averaged 30 miles an hour for the two hours he drove in town and 60 miles an hour for the two
hours he drove on the highway. What was his average speed in miles per hour?
a. 18
b. 2212
c. 45
d. 60
83. A developer wants to cut down the trees on a lot to build condos, but must first calculate the average tree
age to determine if this will be permissible. If there are 12 trees that are 80 years old and 8 trees that are 24
years old, what is the closest approximation of the average age of these trees?
a. 52 years
b. 58 years
c. 60 years
d. 64 years
89
– MATH REVIEW –
Geometr y
Typically, there are very few geometry problems on the math sections. The problems that are included tend to cover
the basics: lines, angles, triangles, rectangles, squares, and circles. You may be asked to find the area or perimeter
of a particular shape, or the size of an angle. The arithmetic involved is pretty simple, so all you really need are a
few definitions and formulas.
Practice Problems in Geometry

Try your hand at these sample problems:
84. What is the area in square inches of a triangle with base 10 inches and height 8 inches?
a. 80
b. 40
c. 20
d. 10
85. Find the perimeter of a triangle with sides of length 3, 4, and 5 units.
a. 60 units
b. 20 units
c. 12 units
d. 9 units
Glossary of Geometry Terms
Angle two rays with a common endpoint called a vertex. There are four types of angles:
Acute: less than 90°
Obtuse: more than 90°
Right: 90°
Straight: 180°
Circle set of all points that are the same distance from the center.
Area = πr2
Circumference = 2πr radius
(π = 3.14; r = radius)
Circumference distance around a circle. (See circle)
90
Glossary of Geometry Terms (continued)
Diameter a line through the center of a circle. The diameter is twice the length of the radius.
(See circle, radius)
Line extends endlessly in both directions. It is referred to by a letter at the end of it or

by two points on it. Thus, the line below may be referred to as line l or as
AB.
A B
l
Parallel lines two lines in the same plane that do not intersect. l
l||m m
Perimeter distance around a figure, such as a triangle or a rectangle. The perimeter of a

circle is called its circumference.
Perimeter = sum of length of all sides
Perpendicular lines two lines in the same plane that intersect to form four right angles.
(See right angle)
Point has a location but no size or dimension. It is referred to by a letter close to it, like
this: • A
Radius line segment from the center to any point on a circle. The radius is half the
diameter. (See circle, diameter)
Rectangle four-sided figure with a right angle and both pairs

of opposite sides parallel (which implies that all
four sides are right angles and that opposite sides
are equal in length).
Area = length × width
Perimeter = 2 × length + 2 × width
Square rectangle with four equal sides. (See rectangle)

Area = (side)2
Perimeter = 4 × side
Triangle three-sided figure.

Area = 12(base × height)
Perimeter = sum of the lengths of all three sides
Angles: The sum of the three angles of a triangle is height
always 180°.
base
91
– MATH REVIEW –
86. If the perimeter of a square tabletop is 32 feet, what is the area of this tabletop?
a. 8 square feet
b. 16 square feet
c. 64 square feet
d. it cannot be determined with the information given
87. The length of a rectangle is twice its width. If the perimeter of the rectangle is 30 units, what is the width of
the rectangle?
a. 30 units
b. 20 units
c. 15 units
d. 5 units
88. A circular opening has a diameter of 812 inches. What is the radius in inches of a circular disk that will fit
exactly into the opening?
a. 17
b. 8.5
c. 8
d. 4.25
89. The radius of a hoop is 10 inches. If you roll the hoop along a straight path through 6 complete revolu-
tions, approximately how far will it roll, in inches? (Use a value of 3.14 for π.)
a. 31.4
b. 62.8
c. 188.4
d. 376.8
Algebra
Algebra questions do not appear on every test. However, when they do, they typically cover the material you learned
in pre-algebra or in the first few months of your high school algebra course. Popular topics for algebra questions
include:
■ solving equations
■ positive and negative numbers
■ algebraic expressions
What Is Algebra?
Algebra is a way to express and solve problems using numbers and symbols. These symbols, called unknowns or
variables, are letters of the alphabet that are used to represent numbers.
92
– MATH REVIEW –
For example, let’s say you are asked to find out what number, when added to 3, gives you a total of 5. Using
algebra, you could express the problem as x + 3 = 5. The variable x represents the number you are trying to find.
Here’s another example, but this one uses only variables. To find the distance traveled, multiply the rate of
travel (speed) by the amount of time traveled: d = r × t. The variable d stands for distance, r stands for rate, and t
stands for time.
In algebra, the variables may take on different values. In other words, they vary, and that’s why they’re called
variables.
Operations
Algebra uses the same operations as arithmetic: addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division. In arithmetic,
we might say 3 + 4 = 7, while in algebra we would talk about two numbers whose values we don’t know that add
up to 7, or x + y = 7. Here’s how each operation translates to algebra:
ALGEBRAIC OPERATIONS
The sum of two numbers x+y

The difference of two numbers x–y
The product of two numbers x × y or x • y or xy
x
The quotient of two numbers y
Equations
An equation is a mathematical sentence stating that two quantities are equal. For example:
2x = 10
x+5=8
The idea is to find a replacement for the unknown that will make the sentence true. That’s called solving the
equation. Thus, in the first example, x = 5 because 2 × 5 = 10. In the second example, x = 3 because 3 + 5 = 8.
Sometimes you can solve an equation by inspection, as with the above examples. Other equations may be
more complicated and require a step-by-step solution, for example:
n
+ 1 = 3
4
The general approach is to consider an equation like a balance scale, with both sides equally balanced. Essen-
tially, whatever you do to one side, you must also do to the other side to maintain the balance. Thus, if you were
to add 2 to the left side, you would also have to add 2 to the right side.
Let’s apply this balance concept to our complicated equation above. Remembering that if we want to solve
it for n, we must somehow rearrange it so the n is isolated on one side of the equation. Its value will then be on
the other side. Looking at the equation, you can see that n has been increased by 2, then divided by 4, and ulti-
mately added to 1. Therefore, we will undo these operations to isolate n.
93
– MATH REVIEW –
n2
Begin by subtracting 1 from both sides of the equation:
4 1 = 3
–1 –1
_____________
n2
4 = 2
n2
Next, multiply both sides by 4: 44
= 24
n2 = 8
Finally, subtract 2 from both sides: –2 –2
_____________
This isolates n and solves the equation: n = 6
Notice that each operation in the original equation was undone by using the inverse operation. That is, addi-
tion was undone by subtraction, and division was undone by multiplication. In general, each operation can be
undone by its inverse:
ALGEBRAIC INVERSES
Operation Inverse
Addition Subtraction
Subtraction Addition
Multiplication Division
Division Multiplication
After you solve an equation, check your work by plugging the answer back into the original equation to make
sure it balances. Let’s see what happens when we plug 6 in for n:
6+2
+ 1 = 3
4
8
+ 1
= 3
4
2+1 = 3
3 = 3
Solve each equation for x:
90. x + 5 = 12
91. 27 = –13 + 4x
92. 14x = 7
Positive and Negative Numbers

Positive and negative numbers, also known as signed numbers, are best shown as points along the number line:
−5 −4 −3 −2 −1 0 +1 +2 +3 +4 +5
94
– MATH REVIEW –
Numbers to the left of 0 are negative and those to the right are positive. Zero is neither negative nor positive.
If a number is written without a sign, it is assumed to be positive. Notice that when you are on the negative side
of the number line, numbers with bigger values are actually smaller. For example, –5 is less than –2. You come into
contact with negative numbers more often than you might think; for example, very cold temperatures are
recorded as negative numbers.
As you move to the right along the number line, the numbers get larger. Mathematically, to indicate that one
number, say 4, is greater than another number, say –2, the greater than sign (>) is used:
4 > –2
On the other hand, to say that –2 is less than 4, we use the less than sign, (<):
–2 < 4
Arithmetic with Positive and Negative Numbers

The table below illustrates the rules for doing arithmetic with signed numbers. Notice that when a negative num-
ber follows an operation (as it does in the second example below), it is enclosed in parentheses to avoid confusion.
RULE EXAMPLE
Addition
■ If both numbers have the same sign, just add them. 3+5=8
The answer has the same sign as the numbers being –3 + (–5) = –8
added.
■ If both numbers have different signs, subtract –3 + 5 = 2
the smaller number from the larger. The answer has 3 + (–5) = –2
the same sign as the larger number.
■ If both numbers are the same but have opposite 3 + (–3) = 0
signs, the sum is zero.
Subtraction
■ Change the sign of the number to be subtracted, 3 – 5 = 3 + (–5) = –2
then add as above. –3 – 5 = –3 + (–5) = –8
–3 – (–5) = –3 + 5 = 2
Multiplication
■ Multiply the numbers together. If both numbers have 3 × 5 = 15
the same sign, the answer is positive; otherwise, it is –3 × (–5) = 15
negative. –3 × 5 = –15
3 × (–5) = –15
■ If one number is zero, the answer is zero. 3×0=0
Division
■ Divide the numbers. If both numbers have the same 15 ÷ 3 = 5
sign, the answer is positive; otherwise, it is negative. –15 ÷ (–3) = 5
15 ÷ (–3) = –5
–15 ÷ 3 = –5
■ If the top number is zero, the answer is zero. 0÷3=0
95
– MATH REVIEW –
When more than one arithmetic operation appears, you must know the correct sequence in which to perform the
operations. For example, do you know what to do first to calculate 2 + 3 × 4? You’re right if you said, “multiply
first.” The correct answer is 14. If you add first, you will get the wrong answer of 20. The correct sequence of oper-
ations is:
1. Parentheses
2.
3.
4.
Exponents
Multiplication & Division (in order from left to right)
Addition & Subtraction (in order from left to right) } This saying can help you remember the order of
operations:
Please Excuse My Dear Aunt Sally
It is important to remember that multiplication and division are done in order from left to right, and that
sometimes multiplication will come after division. The same is true of addition and subtraction.
Example: 24 ÷ 8 × 10
(24 ÷ 8) × 10 [not 24 ÷ (8 × 10)]
3 × 10 = 30
If the multiplication of 8 × 10 had been done first, the answer would have worked out to 24 ÷ 80, which is
not equal to 30, and is incorrect.
Even when signed numbers appear in an equation, the step-by-step solution works exactly as it does for
positive numbers. You just have to remember the arithmetic rules for negative numbers. For example, let’s solve
14x + 2 = 5.
1. Subtract 2 from both sides: –14x + 2 = –5

–2 –2
____________
–14x = –7
2. Divide both sides by –14: –14x ÷ –14 = –7 ÷ –14
x = 12
96
– MATH REVIEW –
Now, try these problems with signed numbers. Solve for x.
93. 1 – 3 × (–4) = x
94. –3x + 6 = –18
x
95. –4 + 3 = –7
Algebraic Expressions
An algebraic expression is a group of numbers, unknowns, and arithmetic operations, like 3x – 2y. This one may
be translated as, “3 times some number minus 2 times another number.” To evaluate an algebraic expression,
replace each variable with its value. For example, if x = 5 and y = 4, we would evaluate 3x – 2y as follows:
3(5) – 2(4) = 15 – 8 = 7
Evaluate these expressions:
96. 4a + 3b; a = 2 and b = –1
97. –10j – r + 3jr; j= –7 and r = 4
98. –2x – 12y + 4z; x = 5, y = –4, and z = 6
99. The volume of a cylinder is given by the formula V = πr2h, where r is the radius of the base and h is the
height of the cylinder. What is the volume of a cylinder with a base radius of 3 and a height of 4? (Leave π
in your answer.)
100. If x = 3, what is the value of 3x – x?
97
– MATH REVIEW –
Answers 33. c.
34. b.
Word Problems
1. a. Decimals
5 1
2. d. 35.
1,0 00 or
200
3. d. 36. 31225
4. d. 456 57
37. 123 1,0
00 or 123
125
38. 707.707
Fractions
1 39. 8.305
5.
4
40. 0.907
2
6. 41. 1.456
5
4 42. b.
7.
7
8. 10 43. b.
9. 6 44. 0.03
10. 200 45. 0.3392
11. 1112 46. 0.70104
55 7 47. c.
12. or 22
24 4
48. d.
1
13. 74 49. 1.4
2 50. 128
14. 15
1 51. 572
15.
8
52. 1,400
16. 31231 53. a.
17. a. 54. c.
18. b.
19. 56 Percents
8 55. 45%
20. 35
2 56. 0.8%
21.
3
57. 8.75% or 834%
26 11
1
22. 5 or 11
5 58. 0.12
23. 58
1 or 58 59. 0.875
33 1 60. 2.5
24. or 16
2 2
25. c. 61. 12.5% or 1212%
26. d. 62. 125%
27. c. 63. 58.33% or 5813%
19
28. 12 64.
20
3
29. 512 65.
8
1 5 1
30. 66. or 1
5 4 4
45 17 1
31. or 1 67. or .25
28 28 4
32. b. 68. 9.1
98
– MATH REVIEW –
69. 85 Geometry
70. 75 84. b.
71. 50% 85. c.
72. 66.666(repeating)% 86. c.
73. 300% 87. d.
74. 100 88. d.
75. 8 89. d.
76. 10
77. b. Algebra
78. c. 90. 7
79. d. 91. .10
80. d. 92. 28
93. 13
Averages 94. 8
81. c. 95. 40
82. c. 96. 5
83. b. 97. 158
98. 16
99. 36π
100. 6
99
C H A P T E R
7 Math Practice
CHAPTER SUMMARY
This chapter gives you an opportunity for more practice with math.
I f you feel like you could use some more practice with fractions, decimals, ratios, percentages, and word prob-
lems, try the questions or exercises in this chapter. The answers are given at the end. If there is a specific
type of math question that gives you trouble, go back to Chapter 6 and review the rules. Remember, the more
math exercises you do, the closer you are to mastering the two math sections of the ASVAB that count toward the
Armed Forces Qualifying Test score—Arithmetic Reasoning and Mathematics Knowledge.
101
Arithmetic Reasoning
1. a b c d 7. a b c d 13. a b c d
2. a b c d 8. a b c d 14. a b c d
3. a b c d 9. a b c d 15. a b c d
4. a b c d 10. a b c d 16. a b c d
5. a b c d 11. a b c d 17. a b c d
6. a b c d 12. a b c d
Mathematics Knowledge
18. a b c d 26. a b c d 34. a b c d
19. a b c d 27. a b c d 35. a b c d
20. a b c d 28. a b c d 36. a b c d
21. a b c d 29. a b c d 37. a b c d
22. a b c d 30. a b c d 38. a b c d
23. a b c d 31. a b c d 39. a b c d
24. a b c d 32. a b c d 40. a b c d
25. a b c d 33. a b c d
103
– MATH PRACTICE –
Arithmetic Reasoning 5. The cost of milk at Jonesy Smith Grocery rose

from $2.50 to $2.80 over the course of several
1. Derek earns $64.00 per day and spends $4.00 per months. What was the percentage increase in the
day on transportation. What fraction of Derek’s cost of milk?
daily earnings does he spend on transportation? a. 12%
1 b. 30%
a. 32
c. 10.7%
1
b. 1 d. 8.3%
8
1
c. 16
1 6. On a state road map, one inch represents 20
d.
8
miles. Denise wants to travel from Garden City
to Marshalltown, which is a distance of 414 inches
2. A bread recipe calls for 612 cups of flour, but
on the map. How many miles will Denise travel?
Leonard has only 513 cups. How much more flour
a. 45
does Leonard need?
b. 82
2
a. cup c. 85
3
5 d. 90
b. cup
6
c. 116 cups
7. In the freshman class, the ratio of in-state stu-
d. 114 cups dents to out-of-state students is 15 to 2. If there
are 750 in-state students in the class, how many
3. Over a period of four days, Roberto drove a total out-of-state students are there?
of 956.58 miles. What is the average number of a. 100
miles Roberto drove each day? b. 112
a. 239.145 c. 130
b. 239.250 d. 260
c. 249.045
d. 249.455 8. At the Greene Country Summer Fair, Brad sold
the following pieces of artwork: a sculpture for
4. Finer Fabric International sells a total of $80, an oil painting for $168, an ink drawing for
$880,600.00 in fabrics during the course of the $52, and a photograph for $52. What was the
year. If 32% of the company’s sales went to pay average (mean) price for the pieces of artwork
for labor to make those fabrics, how much he sold?
money did Finer Fabric International spend on a. $52
this labor? b. $80
a. $27,518.75 c. $88
b. $32,000.00 d. $92
c. $275,600.00
d. $281,792.00
105
9. A bag contains 105 jellybeans: 23 white, 23 red, 13. Of the 80 employees working on the road-
14 purple, 26 yellow, and 19 green. What is the construction crew, 35% worked overtime this
probability of selecting either a yellow or a green week. How many employees did NOT work
jellybean? overtime?
a. 3

a. 28
7
1
b. 45
b.
6 c. 52
1
c. 12 d. 56
2
d.
9
14. If Lydia’s height is 2a of Francine’s height and
10. A can contains 200 mixed nuts: almonds, Francine is b inches tall, how tall is Lydia?
2
cashews, and peanuts. If the probability of a. a
b
choosing an almond is 110 and the probability of b. 2(ab)
choosing a cashew is 14, how many peanuts are in
the can? c. 2ab
a. 90 d. 2ab
b. 110
c. 130 15. A triangle has an area of 9 square inches. If its
d. 186 base is 3 inches, what is its height in inches?
a. 3
11. Tatum used a $100.00 bill to buy a fax machine b. 4
for her office. The machine cost $60 plus an c. 6
additional 8% tax. How much change did she d. 12
receive after purchasing the fax machine with the
$100.00 bill? 16. What are the dimensions of a rectangular room
a. $32.00 with a perimeter of 42 feet if the long side is
b. $32.50 twice as long as the short side?
c. $35.20 a. 7 feet by 14 feet
d. $64.80 b. 8 feet by 16 feet
c. 12 feet by 24 feet
12. Colleen purchased a large bag of apples. She used d. 14 feet by 28 feet
1
2 of them to make applesauce. Of those she had
left, she used 34 to make an apple pie. When she 17. Celine has a fish tank in the shape of a cube. If
was finished, she had only three apples left. How the volume of her fish tank is 1,000 cubic inches,
many apples were there to begin with? what is the area of one of the sides of Celine’s fish
a. 21 tank?
b. 24 a. 10 square inches
c. 28 b. 100 square inches
d. 36 c. 333 square inches
d. 666 square inches
106
Mathematics Knowledge 22. Raise 59 to 36ths.

18
a.
36
18. Name the fraction that indicates the shaded part 20
b.
of the figure below. 36
24
c.
36
30
d.
36
23. 245 ÷ 7 =
a. 25
a. 2
b. 985
5
1 c. 52
b.
5
d. 2345
1
c.
6
d. 1
1 24. 4 – 145 =
0
a. 215
19. Four ounces is what fraction of a pound?
b. 245
(one pound = 16 ounces)
1 c. 3130
a.
3
3 d. 315
b.
8
1
c. 4 25. 5
× 1
4
8 5 =
1
d. 1
a. 6
6
b. 25
20. Which has the smallest value?
a. –12 c. 195
b. –1 d. 475
c. 0
d. –76 26. 1 3
× 16 × =
2 8
1
a. 4
21. What is the decimal value of 58?
a. 0.56 b. 2156
b. 0.625 c. 3
c. 0.8
d. 414
d. 0.835
107
27. A cement truck must distribute 1334 tons of 33. 5 × 0.0063 =

cement evenly to five work sites. How many tons a. 0.0315
should it give to each work site? b. 0.315
a. 214 c. 3.15
b. 212 d. 31.5
c. 238
d. 234 34. 45% is equal to what fraction?
4
a.
5
28. What is 0.7849 rounded to the nearest 5
b.
hundredth? 8
25
a. 0.8 c.
50
b. 0.78 d. 9
20
c. 0.785
d. 0.79 35. 0.925 is equal to what percent?
a. 925%
29. 2.36 + 14 + 0.083 = b. 92.5%
a. 14.059 c. 9.25%
b. 16.443 d. 0.0925%
c. 16.69
d. 17.19 36. What is 12% of 60?
a. 5
30. 1.5 – 0.188 = b. 7.2
a. 0.62 c. 50
b. 1.262 d. 72
c. 1.27
d. 1.312 37. If 600 college freshman are entering Edenford
University and 330 of them are female, what per-
31. 12 – 0.92 + 4.6 = centage of the incoming freshmen are male?
a. 17.52 a. 67%
b. 16.68 b. 40%
c. 15.68 c. 45%
d. 8.4 d. 55%
32. 2.39 × 10,000 = 38. Katherine has written 42 pages of her doctorate
a. 239 thesis. If she has written 28% of her doctorate
b. 2,390 thesis, how many pages will her finished thesis
c. 23,900 be?
d. 239,000 a. 70 pages
b. 150 pages
c. 162 pages
d. 1,175 pages
108
39. Which of the following is an obtuse angle? 40. What is the perimeter of the polygon?
a.
5"
2"
b. 5"
c. 6"
4"
d. 2"
a. 24
b. 25
c. 27
d. 32
109
Answers Mathematics Knowledge

18. d.
Arithmetic Reasoning 19. c.
1. c. 20. d.
2. c. 21. b.
3. a. 22. b.
4. d. 23. a.
5. a. 24. a.
6. c. 25. a.
7. a. 26. c.
8. c. 27. d.
9. a. 28. b.
10. c. 29. b.
11. c. 30. d.
12. b. 31. c.
13. c. 32. c.
14. d. 33. a.
15. c. 34. d.
16. a. 35. b.
17. b. 36. b.
37. c.
38. b.
39. b.
40. a.
110
C H A P T E R
Word
8 Knowledge
Review
CHAPTER SUMMARY
This chapter will help you improve your vocabulary skills so that you can
score higher on the Word Knowledge section of the ASVAB.
T he Word Knowledge subtest of the ASVAB is basically a vocabulary test. Combined with the Paragraph
Comprehension score, Word Knowledge helps make up your Verbal Expression score—it is one of
the four subtests that determines whether you will be allowed to enlist. Your ability to understand your
training materials depends in part on your reading comprehension and vocabulary skills.
There are two different kinds of questions on the Word Knowledge subtest:
■ Synonyms—identifying words that mean the same as the given words

■ Context—determining the meaning of a word or phrase by noting how it is used in a sentence or paragraph
Synonym Questions
A word is a synonym of another word if it has the same or nearly the same meaning. Test questions will ask you
to find the synonym of a word. If you’re lucky, the word will be in the context of a sentence that helps you guess
what the word means. If you’re less lucky, you will get just the word, and then you have to figure out what the word
means without any context.
111
– WORD KNOWLEDGE REVIEW –
Questions that ask for synonyms can be tricky 5. exorbitant prices

because they require you to recognize the meaning of a. expensive
several words that may be unfamiliar—not only the b. unexpected
words in the questions, but also those in the answer c. reasonable
choices. Usually, the best strategy is to look at the struc- d. outrageous
ture of the word and to listen for its sound. See if a part
of the word looks familiar. Think of other words you 6. cantankerous mood
know that have similar key elements. How could those a. silly
words be related? b. irritable
c. humorous
Synonym Practice Questions d. shallow
Try identifying the word parts and related words in
these sample synonym questions. Circle the word 7. belligerent attitude
that means the same or about the same as the under- a. hostile
lined word. Answers and explanations appear right b. reasonable
after the questions. c. instinctive
d. friendly
1. incoherent answer
a. not understandable Answers to
b. not likely Synonym Practice Questions
c. undeniable The explanations are important because they show you
d. challenging how to go about choosing a synonym if you don’t know
the word.
2. ambiguous questions
a. meaningless 1. a. Incoherent means not understandable. To
b. difficult cohere means to connect. A coherent answer
c. simple connects or makes sense. The prefix in-
d. vague means not.
2. d. Ambiguous questions are vague or uncertain.
3. covered with debris The key part of this word is ambi-, which
a. good excuses means two or both. An ambiguous question
b. transparent material can be taken two ways.
c. scattered rubble 3. c. Debris are scattered fragments and trash.
d. protective material 4. a. Inadvertently means by mistake. The key ele-
ment in this word is the prefix in-, which
4. inadvertently left usually means not, or the opposite of.
a. mistakenly 5. d. The key element here is ex-, which means out
b. purposely of or away from. Exorbitant literally means
c. cautiously “out of orbit.” An exorbitant price would be
d. carefully an outrageous one.
112
6. b. Cantankerous means irritable. 10. Though she was distraught over losing her keys,
7. a. The key element in this word is the root the woman was calm enough to remember she
belli-, which means warlike. The synonym had a spare set.
choice, then, is hostile. a. punished
b. distracted
Context Questions c. composed
Context is the surrounding text in which a word is d. anguished
used. Most people use context to help them determine
the meaning of an unknown word. A vocabulary 11. Their new house was palatial compared to their
question that gives you a sentence around the vocab- old, run-down apartment.
ulary word is usually easier to answer than one with a. adequate
little or no context. The surrounding text can help you b. luxurious
as you look for synonyms for the specified words in c. secure
the sentences. d. modern
The best way to take meaning from context is to
look for key words in sentences or paragraphs that Answers to
convey the meaning of the text. If nothing else, the Context Practice Questions
context will give you a means to eliminate wrong Check your answers and see whether you were able to
answer choices that clearly don’t fit. The process of pick out the key words that help to define the target
elimination will often leave you with the correct answer. word.
Context Practice Questions 8. a. The key words filthy and cluttered signify
Try these sample questions. Circle the word that best horror rather than the milder emotions
describes the meaning of the italicized word in the described by the other choices.
sentence. 9. d. The key word here is rich, but this is a clue by
contrast. The introductory even though sig-
8. The maintenance workers were appalled by the nals that you should look for the opposite of
filthy, cluttered condition of the building. the idea of having financial resources.
a. horrified 10. d. The key words here are though and losing her
b. amused keys, signaling that you are looking for an
c. surprised opposite of calm in describing the woman.
d. dismayed The only word strong enough to match the
situation is anguish.
9. Even though she seemed rich, the defendant 11. b. The key words here are old and run-down,
claimed to be destitute. but this is a clue by contrast. The words com-
a. wealthy pared to signal that you should look for the
b. ambitious opposite of such a description.
c. solvent
d. poor
113
For Non-Native Speakers of English
Be very careful not to be confused by the sound of words that may mislead you. Be sure to look at the word
carefully, and pay attention to the structure and appearance of the word as well as its sound. You may be used
to hearing English words spoken with an accent. The sounds of those words may be misleading in choosing a
correct answer.
Word Parts antebellum (an·ti·´bel·əm)

The best way to improve your vocabulary is to learn prefix: ante- means before
word parts: roots, which are the main part of the word; (adj.)
prefixes, which go before the root word; or suffixes, before the war
which go after. Any of these elements can carry mean- The event occurred during the years of
ing or change the use of a word in a sentence. For 1840–1861.
instance, the suffix -s or -es can change the meaning of
a noun from singular to plural: boy, boys. The prefix un- antipathy (an·´tip·ə·the)
can change the meaning of a root word to its opposite: prefix: anti- means against
necessary, unnecessary. (noun)
In the sections on prefixes and suffixes are some revulsion; any object of strong dislike
of the word elements seen most often in vocabulary The child had an toward snakes.
tests. Simply reading them and their examples for five
to ten minutes a day will give you the quick recognition circumvent (sər·kəm·´vent)
you need to make a good association with the meaning prefix: circum- and circ- mean around
of an unfamiliar word. (verb)
to go around; to catch in a trap; to gain superiority
Prefixes over; to prevent from happening
In order to be able to unlock the meaning of many Police tried to the riot by moving the
words in our language, it is useful for you to understand crowd along.
what a prefix is. A prefix is a word part at the beginning
of a word that changes or adds to the meaning of the consensus (kən·´sen·səs)
root word in some way. By learning some common prefix: con- means with, together
prefixes, you will learn to recognize many unfamiliar (noun)
words. After you have completed the exercises in this agreement, especially in opinion
chapter, you will become acquainted with the meanings The committee reached a about gun control.
suggested by some of the more common prefixes, which
will improve your reading, speaking, and listening controversy (´kon·trə·ver·se)
vocabularies. prefix: contr- means against
(noun)
a discussion of a question in which opposing views
clash
There is a about building nuclear power
plants.
114
decimate (´des·i·mat) intermittent (in·tər·´mit·ənt)

prefix: dec- means ten prefix: inter- means between
(verb) (adj.)
to destroy or kill a large portion of something; to take stopping and starting again at intervals
or destroy a tenth part of something The weather forecaster predicted showers.
Caterpillars can trees.
malady (mal·´əd·e)
prefix: mal- means bad
demote t)
(di·mo
prefix: de- means down, away from (noun)
(verb) a disease or disorder
to lower in grade or position His doctor said he had a serious .
Upper ranked officers can a lower ranked
person. precursor (pre·´kər·sər)
prefix: pre- means before
distaste (dis·´tast) (noun)
prefix: dis- means not, opposite of a forerunner, a harbinger; one who, or that which
(noun.) goes before
not savory, comfortable, or pleasing Calmness is usually a to a storm.
A lazy person has a for work.
prognosis (prog·ńo ·sis)
euphemism (ú·fə·mizm) prefix: pro- means before
prefix: eu- means good, well (noun)
(noun) a forecast, especially in medicine
the use of a word or phrase that is considered less dis- The injured animal’s for recovery is good.
tasteful or offensive than another
“She is at rest” is a for “she is dead.” retrospect ·spekt)
(´ret·ro
prefix: retro- means back, again
exorbitant (ek·´zor·bi·tənt) (verb)
prefix: ex- means out of, away from to think about the past
(adj.) (noun)
going beyond what is reasonable and proper looking back on or thinking about things past
The colonists rebelled against taxes. In , the world leader wished he had acted
differently.
illegible (i·´lej·ə·bəl)
prefix: il- means not, opposite
(adj.)
not able to be read
The student had to rewrite the paper.
115
subordinate (sub·ór·din·it) In our country, the use of nuclear power as a viable

prefix: sub- means under source of energy has been an ongoing controversy.
(adj.) During the gas and oil shortages of the 1970s, energy
inferior to or placed below another in rank, power, prices were exorbitant. The federal government
or importance supported nuclear power as a new energy source
(noun) (sub·ór·din·it) that would be cost effective. Now, the president’s
a person or thing of lesser power or importance National Energy Policy Report lists nuclear power as
than another a safe and affordable alternative. Today, as in the
(verb) (sub·ór·din·at) past, many people have voiced their antipathy
to treat as inferior or less important toward nuclear power plants, especially in the wake
The wise president treated her with of the 1979 partial meltdown of the Three Mile
respect. Island nuclear power plant. At that time, scientists
scrambled to circumvent a total meltdown in a facil-
synthesis (´sin·thə·sis) ity that was designed to be fail-safe. There was great
prefix: syn- or sym- means with or together fear that the meltdown would be complete, and dec-
(noun) imate the area. Now, the federal government is once
putting of two or more things together to form a again promoting this alternative energy source.
whole
In chemistry, the process of making a compound by Suffixes
joining elements together is called . Word endings that are added to the main part or root
of words are called suffixes. Suffixes are word parts
transmute (trans·´müt) that signal how a word is being used in a sentence. You
prefix: trans- means across will note that each word in the list is a particular part
(verb) of speech (noun, verb, adjective, or adverb). Suffixes
to change or alter often change the part of speech of a word.
The music will gradually into a crescendo. For example, take the word deferment. A defer-
ment is a noun that means a postponement. If the suf-
trivial (´triv·e·əl) fix (word ending -ment) is removed, the word becomes
prefix: tri- means three defer, and it is used as a verb, meaning to postpone.
(adj.)
As a verb, it appears as defer:
of little worth or importance
I will defer the payment until next month.
The research scientist did not have time for
pursuits, because he was so busy As a noun, it appears as it is:
conducting important experiments. The bank gave him a deferment.
As an adjective, it appears as deferred:

Words in Context
The deferred payment is due in one month.
The following exercise will help you figure out the
meaning of some words from the previous list. Circle
any context clues that help you figure out the meanings
of the bold words.
116
The following table shows a list of common suf- “jobs” they suggest for words. Note the examples given;
fixes. They are divided into the parts of speech, or then, add your own word(s) in the last column.
NOUN ENDINGS
Suffix Meaning Examples Your Word

-tion act or state of retroaction, simulation
-ment quality deportment, impediment
-ist one who chauvinist, purist
-ism state or doctrine of barbarism, materialism
-ity state of being futility, civility
-ology study of biology
-esence state of adolescence
-y, -ry state of mimicry, trickery
ADJECTIVE ENDINGS

-able capable perishable, flammable
-ic causing, making nostalgic, fatalistic
-ian one who is or does tactician, patrician
-ile pertaining to senile, servile
-ious having the quality of religious, glorious
-ive having the nature of sensitive, divisive
-less without regardless, feckless
VERB ENDINGS

-ize to bring about colonize, plagiarize
-ate to make fumigate, annihilate
-ify to make beautify, electrify
agrarian (ə·´grer·e·ən) bigotry (´big·ə·tre)

suffix: -ian means one who is or does suffix: -ry means state of
(adj.) (noun)
having to do with agriculture or farming unreasonable zeal in favor of a party, sect, or opinion;
The farmer loved his life. excessive prejudice
can lead to malevolent actions.
antagonist (an·´ta·gə·nist)
suffix: -ist means one who
(noun)
one who contends with or opposes another
In the movie Batman, the Joker is Batman’s .
117
consummate (´kon·səm·mat) geology (je·´ä·lə·je)

suffix: -ate means to make suffix: -ology means study of
(verb) (noun)
to complete; to carry to the utmost degree the study of the history of the Earth and its life,
The business executive needed to the deal especially as recorded in rocks
quickly. The major traveled to Mt. Etna to exam-
ine the effects of the volcano’s most recent
copious (ćo p·e·əs) eruption.
suffix: -ious means having the quality of
(adj.) minimize (´mi·nə·mız)
abundant; plentiful; in great quantities suffix: -ize means to subject to an action
A amount of sunshine is predicted for the (verb)
summer. to play down; to keep to a minimum
The man tried to his involvement in the
anthropomorphic (án·thrəpə·morf·ik) trial so that he would not be implicated in the
suffix: -ic means causing scandal.
(adj.)
resembling human form mutation (mu ·´ta·shən)
Their concept of God is . suffix: -tion means action of, state of
(noun)
interment (in·´tər·mənt) the act or process of changing
suffix: -ment means quality of Scientists research gene in fruit flies to
(noun) see how genes change from one generation to
the act or ritual of burying the next.
The widow prepared fro her husband’s .
incandescence (in·kən·des´·ens)
furtive (´fər·tiv) suffix: -escence means state of
suffix: -ive means having the nature of (noun)
(adj.) the state of being lit up
done in a stealthy manner; sly and underhanded The candle’s helped me find my way in
The two criminals who were in cahoots gave each the dark.
other looks behind the detective’s
back. parity (´par·i·te)
suffix: -ity means state of being
laudable (´law·də·bəl) (noun)
suffix: -able means capable of the state or condition of being the same in power,
(adj.) value, or rank; equality
praiseworthy Women and minorities continue to fight for
Her dedication and ability to rehabilitate the injured in the workplace.
is .
118
pragmatism (´prag·mə·tizm) Words in Context

suffix: -ism means state or doctrine of The following exercise will help you figure out the
(noun) meaning of some words from the previous list by look-
faith in the practical approach ing at context clues. Circle any context clues that help
The man’s enabled him to run a success- you figure out the meaning of the bold word.
ful business.
The latest remake of Planet of the Apes develops the
provocative ·´vok·ə·tiv)
(pro theme of bigotry in a world where apes are the
suffix: -ive means having the nature of dominant culture and humans are enslaved. Parity
(adj.) between the two species is unthinkable because the
something that stirs up an action simians regard humans as inferior creatures. Leo,
The words of the environmental activist the central character, is the story’s protagonist. He
inspired many to go volunteer for the commu- is a human astronaut who lands on a strange
nity clean-up day. planet where apes venerate their own kind by
offering praise and promotions for negative
puerile (´pyoor·əl) actions taken against humans. Leo’s antagonist,
suffix: -ile means pertaining to General Thade, is the leader of the apes in this
(adj.) bizarre culture, and encourages the mistreatment
childish, silly, immature of humans by apes. In General Thade’s opinion,
The teen’s actions at the party couldn’t be extermination of the humans is a laudable cause,
ignored. and he mounts a full-scale campaign to extermi-
nate humans from the planet.
rectify (´rek·ti·fı)
suffix: -ify means to make More Vocabulary
(verb) Practice Questions
to make right; to correct Here is another set of practice exercises with samples of
The newspaper tried to the mistake by each kind of question covered in this chapter. Answers
correcting the misprint. are at the end of the exercise.
Select the word that means the same or nearly the
peerless (piər·´ləs) same as the italicized word.
suffix: -less means without
(adj.)
without match, unrivaled 12. congenial company
She was in her search for knowledge; no a. friendly
one was as informed as she. b. dull
c. tiresome
venerate (´ven·ə·rat) d. angry
suffix: -ate means to make
(verb) 13. fortuitous meeting
to look upon with deep respect and reverence a. intimidating
Some cultures their elders. b. important
c. lucky
d. secret
119
How to Answer Vocabulary Questions
■ The key to answering vocabulary questions is to notice and connect what you do know to what you may
not recognize.
■ Know your word parts. You can make a good guess at the meanings of words when you see a suggested
meaning in a root word, prefix, or suffix.
■ Consider the context for clues about meaning. Think of how the word makes sense in the sentence.
■ Don’t be confused by words that sound like other words, but may have different meanings.
14. meticulous record-keeping a. liberal

a. dishonest b. casual
b. casual c. inflexible
c. painstaking d. pliable
d. careless
19. The condition of the room after the party was
15. superficial wounds deplorable.
a. life-threatening a. regrettable
b. bloody b. pristine
c. severe c. festive
d. surface d. tidy
16. impulsive actions 20. Looking to ruin all that the group had accom-
a. cautious plished, the nefarious character went ahead with
b. sudden his plans.
c. courageous a. strong
d. cowardly b. wicked
c. deceitful
17. tactful comments d. peaceful
a. polite
b. rude Answers to
c. angry Vocabulary Practice Questions
d. confused 12. a.
13. c.
In the following examples, use the context to help 14. c.
choose the word that means the same or nearly the 15. d.
same as the italicized word. 16. b.
17. a.
18. Though relaxed about homework, the teacher 18. c.
was adamant about papers being on time. 19. a.
20. b.
120
C H A P T E R
Word
9 Knowledge
Practice
CHAPTER SUMMARY
This chapter gives you the opportunity for more practice with Word
Knowledge questions.
I f you feel that you could use extra practice with synonym or context questions, complete the exercises in
this chapter. The answers are given at the end. When you miss a question, look up that word in the dictionary,
study the different parts of the word, and commit it to memory. It’s a good idea to complete this chapter
even if you feel you have strong vocabulary skills. You may learn a word or two—and that will help you pick up
precious points on the Word Knowledge subtest of the ASVAB, which will count toward your Armed Forces Qual-
ifying Test score.
121
Word Knowledge Practice
1. a b c d 13. a b c d 25. a b c d
2. a b c d 14. a b c d 26. a b c d
3. a b c d 15. a b c d 27. a b c d
4. a b c d 16. a b c d 28. a b c d
5. a b c d 17. a b c d 29. a b c d
6. a b c d 18. a b c d 30. a b c d
7. a b c d 19. a b c d 31. a b c d
8. a b c d 20. a b c d 32. a b c d
9. a b c d 21. a b c d 33. a b c d
10. a b c d 22. a b c d 34. a b c d
11. a b c d 23. a b c d 35. a b c d
12. a b c d 24. a b c d
123
– WORD KNOWLEDGE PRACTICE –
Word Knowledge 6. Parity most nearly means

a. equality.
Choose the word or phrase that is closest in meaning to b. mimicry.
the underlined word. c. style of belief.
d. current trend.
1. To stop a nose bleed, the doctor may cauterize
the bleeding vessel. 7. Pundit most nearly means
a. burn a. private joke.
b. treat b. expert.
c. remove c. diplomat.
d. watch d. folk dance.
2. Jeri viewed her neighbor’s messy home as 8. Narcissistic most nearly means
repugnant. a. having an addictive personality.
a. advantageous b. having a narcotic effect.
b. suspect c. self-absorbed.
c. conventional d. witty.
d. offensive
9. Mesmerize most nearly means
3. Change had to be made, since the extant proce- a. to reign over others.
dure was failing. b. to record in prose.
a. former c. to memorialize.
b. ineffective d. to fascinate.
c. existing
d. problematic 10. Prospectus most nearly means
a. published business plan.
4. The musicians’ hard work and effort were osten- b. the outlook from a mountain top.
sible, given their excellent performance. c. opening speech.
a. apparent d. professional playing field.
b. commendable
c. unrivaled 11. Fiscal most nearly means
d. bearable a. official.
b. stated.
5. Austere most nearly means c. financial.
a. tasteful. d. faithful.
b. simple.
c. rigorous.
d. dark.
125
12. The candidate for the position knew the jargon 18. There was an audible sigh of relief when the res-
and had a pleasant demeanor. cuers brought the drowning man to the surface.
a. scientific specialty a. incredible
b. public policy issues b. able to be heard
c. language particular to the field c. worthy of praise
d. behavior code d. able to be seen
13. Surprisingly, the child had a stoic attitude toward 19. Before setting out on the long hike, we made a
the hours of homework assigned to her. requisite check for food and water supplies.
a. tainted a. required
b. uncomplaining b. safe
c. angry c. ample
d. self-defeating d. up-to-date
14. Belligerent most nearly means 20. Her vivacious manner contrasted with the seri-
a. warlike. ousness of her appearance.
b. flighty. a. grave
c. easily tired. b. hostile
d. beautiful. c. joyous
d. lively
15. Retrospect most nearly means
a. analytic. 21. He wanted to reread the recipe to verify the
b. careful. ingredients before starting to cook.
c. hindsight. a. confirm
d. a magnifying instrument. b. total
c. analyze
16. Subsidy most nearly means d. measure
a. the punishment of a criminal offense.
b. the aftermath of a storm. 22. The loquacious dinner guest dominated the
c. money given in support of a cause or industry. conversation.
d. a vote directly by the people. a. intoxicated
b. talkative
17. Cryptic most nearly means c. silent
a. mysterious. d. greedy
b. evil.
c. a spy code. 23. The soap opera emphasized the pathos, rather
d. a tomb. than the humor, of family life.
a. sentimental feeling
b. turmoil
c. activity
d. horror
126
24. The fluctuating price of gas kept motorists 30. The prosecutor’s trenchant closing statement
guessing. deeply affected the jurors’ verdict.
a. changing a. effective
b. inexpensive b. polite
c. costly c. long
d. confusing d. mild
25. His chronic lateness was treated with humor by 31. After Yoshio was rescued, he recounted his har-
those who had known him for a long time. rowing experience to his family.
a. occasional a. traumatic
b. constant b. mundane
c. unusual c. sensual
d. rare d. joyful
26. Abeyance most nearly means 32. Arcane most nearly means
a. obedience. a. foreign.
b. reluctance. b. outdated.
c. suspension. c. mysterious.
d. relief. d. active.
27. Multifarious most nearly means 33. Pernicious most nearly means
a. assorted. a. destructive.
b. complex. b. contagious.
c. impossible. c. mild.
d. bleak. d. fabricated.
28. Plaintive most nearly means 34. The boarding school had very stringent rules.
a. musical. a. contemporary
b. uninteresting. b. rigorous
c. loud. c. liberal
d. mournful. d. antiquated
29. Darcy found her mother’s inveterate beliefs 35. Ineluctable most nearly means
intolerable. a. loose.
a. controversial b. anticipated.
b. ingrained c. undesirable.
c. traditional d. unavoidable.
d. manipulative
127
Answers 18. b.
19. a.
1. a. 20. d.
2. d. 21. a.
3. c. 22. b.
4. a. 23. a.
5. b. 24. a.
6. a. 25. b.
7. b. 26. c.
8. c. 27. a.
9. d. 28. d.
10. a. 29. b.
11. c. 30. a.
12. c. 31. a.
13. b. 32. c.
14. a. 33. a.
15. c. 34. b.
16. c. 35. d.
17. a.
128
C H A P T E R
Paragraph
10 Comprehension
Review
CHAPTER SUMMARY
Because reading is such a vital skill, the Armed Services Vocational
Aptitude Battery includes a reading comprehension section that tests
your ability to understand what you read. The tips and exercises in this
chapter will help you improve your comprehension of written passages
as well as of tables, charts, and graphs, so that you can increase your
score in this area.
M emos, policies, procedures, reports—these are all things you will be expected to understand if
you enlist in the armed services. In fact, understanding written materials is part of almost any
job. That’s why the ASVAB attempts to measure this skill in applicants.
The Paragraph Comprehension subtest of the ASVAB is in multiple-choice format, and asks questions based
on brief passages, much like the standardized tests that are offered in schools. Almost all standardized test ques-
tions evaluate your reading skills. After all, you can’t answer the question if you can’t read it. Similarly, you can’t
study your training materials or learn new procedures once you are on the job if you can’t read well. So, reading
comprehension is vital not only for the test but also for the rest of your career.
Types of Reading Comprehension Questions
You have probably encountered reading comprehension questions before, where you have to read a passage, and
then answer multiple-choice questions about it. This kind of question has advantages for you as a test taker: you
don’t have to know anything about the topic of the passage, because you are being tested only on the informa-
tion the passage provides.
129
– PARAGRAPH COMPREHENSION REVIEW –
But the disadvantage is that you have to know became more productive. There may, of course, have
where and how to find that information quickly in an been other reasons, but we can infer only one from
unfamiliar text. This makes it easy to fall for one of the this sentence.
incorrect answer choices, especially since they are As you might expect, vocabulary questions ask
designed to mislead you. you to determine the meanings of particular words.
The best way to succeed on this type of question Often, if you’ve read carefully, you can determine the
is to be very familiar with the kinds of questions that are meaning of such words from their context—that is,
typically asked on the test. Questions most frequently how the word is used in the sentence or paragraph.
ask you to:
Practice Passage 1:
■ identify a specific fact or detail in the passage Using the Four Question Types
■ note the main idea of the passage The following is a sample test passage, followed by four
■ make an inference based on the passage questions. Read the passage carefully, and then answer
■ define a vocabulary word from the passage the questions, based on your reading of the text. Then,
refer to the previous list, and note under your answer
To succeed on a reading comprehension test, you which type of question has been asked. Correct
need to know exactly what each of these questions is answers appear immediately after the questions.
asking. Facts and details are the specific pieces of infor-
mation that support the passage’s main idea. The main In the last decade, community policing has been
idea is the thought, opinion, or attitude that governs frequently touted as the best way to reform urban
the whole passage. Generally speaking, facts and details law enforcement. The idea of putting more officers
are indisputable—things that don’t need to be proven, on foot patrol in high crime areas, where relations
like statistics (18 million people) or descriptions (a green with police have frequently been strained, was ini-
overcoat). Let’s say, for example, you read a sentence tiated in Houston in 1983 under the leadership of
that says, After the department’s reorganization, workers then-Commissioner Lee Brown. He believed that
were 50% more productive. A sentence like this, which officers should be accessible to the community at
gives you the fact that 50% of workers were more pro- the street level. If officers were assigned to the same
ductive, might support a main idea that says, Every area over a period of time, those officers would
department should be reorganized. Notice that this main eventually build a network of trust with neighbor-
idea is not something indisputable; it is an opinion. The hood residents. That trust would mean merchants
writer thinks all departments should be reorganized, and residents in the community would let officers
and because this is his opinion (and not everyone know about criminal activities in the area and sup-
shares it), he needs to support his opinion with facts port police intervention. Since then, many large
and details. cities have experimented with Community-
An inference, on the other hand, is a conclusion Oriented Policing (COP), with mixed results. Some
that can be drawn based on fact or evidence. For exam- have found that police and citizens are grateful for
ple, you can infer—based on the fact that workers the opportunity to work together. Others have
became 50% more productive after the reorganization, found that unrealistic expectations by citizens and
which is a dramatic change—that the department had resistance from officers have combined to hinder
not been efficiently organized. The statement of fact, the effectiveness of COP. It seems possible, there-
After the department’s reorganization, workers were fore, that a good idea may need improvement
50% more productive, also implies that the reorganiza- before it can truly be considered a reform.
tion of the department was the reason workers
130
1. Community policing has been used in law Answers and Explanations

enforcement since Don’t just look at the right answers and move on. The
a. the late 1970s. explanations are the most important part, so read them
b. the early 1980s. carefully. Use these explanations to help you under-
c. the Carter administration. stand how to tackle each kind of question the next
d. Lee Brown was New York City Police Com- time you come across it.
missioner.
Question type 1. b. Question type: fact or detail. The passage
identifies 1983 as the first large-scale use of
2. The phrase a network of trust in this passage sug- community policing in Houston. Don’t be
gests that misled by trying to figure out when Carter
a. police officers can rely only on each other for was president. Also, if you happen to know
support. that Lee Brown was New York City’s police
b. community members rely on the police to commissioner, don’t let that information
protect them. lead you away from the information con-
c. police and community members rely on each tained in the passage alone. Brown was com-
other. missioner in Houston when he initiated
d. community members trust only each other. community policing.
Question type 2. c. Question type: inference. The network of
trust referred to in this passage is between the
3. The best title for this passage would be community and the police, as you can see
a. Community Policing: The Solution to the from the sentence where the phrase appears.
Drug Problem. The key phrase in the question is in this pas-
b. Houston Sets the Pace in Community Polic- sage. You may think that police can rely only
ing. on each other, or one of the other answer
c. Communities and Cops: Partners for Peace. choices may appear equally plausible to you.
d. Community Policing: An Uncertain Future? But, your choice of answers must be limited
Question type to the one suggested in this passage. Another
tip for questions like this: Beware of
4. The word touted in the first sentence of the pas- absolutes! Be suspicious of any answer con-
sage most nearly means taining words like only, always, or never.
a. praised. 3. d. Question type: main idea. The title always
b. denied. expresses the main idea. In this passage, the
c. exposed. main idea comes at the end. The sum of all
d. criticized. the details in the passage suggests that com-
Question type munity policing is not without its critics, and
therefore, its future is uncertain. Another key
phrase is mixed results, which means that
some communities haven’t had full success
with community policing.
131
4. a. Question type: vocabulary. The word touted Sometimes the main idea is stated clearly, often in
is linked in this passage with the phrase the the first or last sentence of the passage. The main idea
best way to reform. Most people would think is expressed in the last sentence of Practice Passage 1,
that a good way to reform something is for example. The sentence that expresses the main idea
praiseworthy. In addition, the next few sen- is often referred to as the topic sentence.
tences in the passage describe the benefits of At other times, the main idea is not stated in a topic
community policing. Criticism of or a nega- sentence but is implied in the overall passage, and you will
tive response to the subject doesn’t come need to determine the main idea by inference. Because
until later in the passage. there may be much information in the passage, the trick
is to understand what all that information adds up to—
the gist of what the author wants you to know. Often,
Detail and Main Idea some of the wrong answers on main idea questions are
Questions specific facts or details from the passage. A good way to
test yourself is to ask, “Can this answer serve as a net to
Detail or fact questions and main idea questions are hold the whole passage together?”If not, chances are you
both asking you for information that’s right there in the have chosen a fact or detail, not a main idea.
passage. All you have to do is find it.
Practice Passage 2:
Detail or Fact Questions Detail and Main Idea Questions
In detail or fact questions, you have to identify a spe- Practice answering main idea and detail questions
cific item of information from the text. This is usually by working on the questions that follow this passage.
the simplest kind of question. You just have to be able Select the answers to the questions, and then check
to separate important information from less important your answers against the key that appears immediately
information. However, the choices may often be very after the questions.
similar, so you must be careful not to get confused.
Be sure you read the passage and questions care- There are three different kinds of burns: first degree,
fully. In fact, it is usually a good idea to read the ques- second degree, and third degree. It is important for
tions first, before you even read the passage, so you will firefighters to be able to recognize each of these
know what details to look out for. types of burns so that they can be sure burn victims
are given proper medical treatment. The least seri-
Main Idea Questions ous burn is the first-degree burn, which causes the
The main idea of a passage, like that of a paragraph or skin to turn red but does not cause blistering. A
a book, is what it is mostly about. The main idea is like mild sunburn is a good example of a first-degree
an umbrella that covers all of the ideas and details in burn, and, like a mild sunburn, first-degree burns
the passage, so it is usually something general, not spe- generally do not require medical treatment other
cific. For example, in Practice Passage 1, question 3 than a gentle cooling of the burned skin with ice or
asked you what title would be best for the passage, and cold tap water.
the correct answer was “Community Policing: An Second-degree burns, on the other hand, do
Uncertain Future.” This is the best answer because it’s cause blistering of the skin and should be treated
the only one that includes both the positive and nega- immediately. These burns should be immersed in
tive sides of community policing, both of which are warm water and then wrapped in a sterile dressing
discussed in the passage. or bandage. (Do not apply butter or grease to these
132
burns; despite the old wives’ tale, butter does not 4. Which of the following best expresses the main
help burns heal and actually increases chances of idea of the passage?
infection.) If second-degree burns cover a large part a. There are three different types of burns.
of the body, then the victim should be taken to the b. Firefighters should always have cold com-
hospital immediately for medical care. presses on hand.
Third-degree burns are those that char the c. Different burns require different types of
skin and turn it black, or burn so deeply that the skin treatment.
shows white. These burns usually result from direct d. Butter is not good for healing burns.
contact with flames and have a great chance of
becoming infected. All third-degree burns should Answers and Explanations
receive immediate hospital care. They should not be 1. b. A question that asks you to choose a title for
immersed in water, and charred clothing should not a passage is a main idea question. This main
be removed from the victim. If possible, a sterile idea is expressed in the topic sentence: It is
dressing or bandage should be applied to burns important for firefighters to be able to recog-
before the victim is transported to the hospital. nize each of these types of burns so that they
can be sure burn victims are given proper
1. Which of the following would be the best title for treatment. Choice b expresses this idea and is
this passage? the only title that encompasses all of the
a. Dealing with Third-Degree Burns ideas expressed in the passage. Choice a is
b. How to Recognize and Treat Different Burns too limited; it deals only with one of the
c. Burn Categories kinds of burns discussed in the passage. Like-
d. Preventing Infection in Burns wise, choices c and d are also too limited.
Choice c covers types of burns but not their
2. Second-degree burns should be treated with treatment, and d deals only with preventing
a. butter. infection, which is a secondary part of the
b. nothing. discussion of treatment.
c. cold water. 2. d. The answer to this fact question is clearly
d. warm water. expressed in the sentence: These burns
should be immersed in warm water and then
3. First-degree burns turn the skin wrapped in a sterile dressing or bandage.
a. red. However, it’s easy to choose a wrong answer
b. blue. here because all of the choices are men-
c. black. tioned in the passage. You need to read care-
d. white. fully to be sure you match the right burn to
the right treatment.
133
3. a. This is another fact or detail question. A good way to test whether you have drawn an
The passage says that a first-degree burn acceptable inference is to ask, “What evidence do I
causes the skin to turn red. Again, it’s impor- have for this inference?” If you can’t find any, you
tant to read carefully because all of the probably have the wrong answer. You need to be sure
choices (except b, which can be eliminated that your inference is logical, and that it is based on
immediately) are listed elsewhere in the something suggested or implied in the passage itself—
passage. not on what you or others might think. You need to
4. c. Clearly this is a main idea question, and c is base your conclusions on evidence—facts, details, and
the only choice that encompasses the whole other information—not on random hunches or
passage. Answers b and d are limited to par- guesses.
ticular burns or treatments, and answer a
discusses only burns and not their treatment. Vocabulary Questions
In addition, the second sentence tells us that Questions designed to test vocabulary are really trying
it is important for firefighters to be able to rec- to measure how well you can figure out the meaning
ognize each of these types of burns so that they of an unfamiliar word from its context. Context refers
can be sure burn victims are given proper med- to the words and ideas surrounding a vocabulary
ical treatment. word. You should be able to substitute a nonsense
word for the one being sought, and still make the
right choice, because you could determine meaning
Inference and Vocabular y strictly from the context of the sentence.
Questions For example, you should be able to determine
the meaning of the italicized nonsense word below
Questions that ask you about the meaning of vocabu- based on its context:
lary words in the passage, and those that ask what the
passage suggests or implies (inference questions), are
different from detail or main idea questions. In vocab- The speaker noted that it gave him great terivinix
ulary and inference questions, you usually have to pull to announce the winner of the Outstanding
ideas from the passage, sometimes from more than Leadership Award.
one place. In this sentence, terivinix most likely means
a. pain.
Inference Questions b. sympathy.
Inference questions can be the most difficult to answer, c. pleasure.
because they require you to draw meaning from the text d. anxiety.
when that meaning is implied rather than directly
stated. Inferences are conclusions that we draw based Clearly, the context of an award makes c, pleasure,
on the clues the writer has given us. When you draw the best choice. Awards don’t usually bring pain, sym-
inferences, you have to look for such clues as word pathy, or anxiety.
choice, tone, and specific details that suggest a certain When confronted with an unfamiliar word, try
conclusion, attitude, or point of view. You have to read substituting a nonsense word and see if the context
between the lines in order to make a judgment about gives you the clue. If you are familiar with prefixes,
what an author was implying in the passage. suffixes, and word roots, you can also use this knowl-
134
edge to help you determine the meaning of an unfa- attention, but you both lose because the patient is
miliar word. less likely to get proper care.
You should be careful not to guess at the answer
to vocabulary questions based on how you may have 1. The word irate as it is used in the passage most
seen the word used before, or what you think it means. nearly means
Many words have more than one possible meaning, a. irregular, odd.
depending on the context in which they are used, and b. happy, cheerful.
a word you have seen used one way may mean some- c. ill-tempered, angry.
thing else in a test passage. Also, if you don’t look at the d. sloppy, lazy.
context carefully, you may make the mistake of con-
fusing the vocabulary word with a similar word. For 2. The passage suggests that healthcare workers
example, the vocabulary word may be taut (meaning a. easily lose control of their emotions.
tight), but if you read too quickly or don’t check the b. are better off not talking to their patients.
context, you might think the word is tout (meaning c. must be careful in dealing with irate patients
publicize or praise) or taunt (meaning tease). Always because the patients may sue the hospital.
read carefully and be sure that what you think the word d. may provide inadequate treatment if they
means fits into the context of the passage. become angry at patients.
Practice Passage 3: Inference 3. An imprecation is most likely

and Vocabulary Questions a. an object.
The questions that follow this passage are strictly b. a curse.
vocabulary and inference questions. Select the answers c. a joke.
to the questions, and then check your answers against d. a medication.
the key that appears immediately after the questions.
4. Which of the following best expresses the writer’s
Dealing with irritable patients is a great challenge for views about irate patients?
healthcare workers on every level. It is critical that a. Some irate patients just want attention.
you do not lose your patience when confronted by b. Irate patients are always miserable.
such a patient. When handling irate patients, be c. Irate patients should be made to wait for
sure to remember that they are not angry at you; treatment.
they are simply projecting their anger at something d. Managing irate patients is the key to a
else onto you. Remember that if you respond to successful career.
these patients as irritably as they act toward you, you
will only increase their hostility, making it much
more difficult to give them proper treatment. The
best thing to do is to remain calm and ignore any
imprecations patients may hurl your way. Such
patients may be irrational and may not realize what
they are saying. Often these patients will purposely
try to anger you just to get a reaction. If you respond
to this behavior with anger, they win by getting your
135
Answers and Explanations either, since an irate patient is not likely to

1. c. This is a vocabulary question. Irate means ill- be making jokes.
tempered, angry. It should be clear that b, 4. a. The writer seems to believe that some irate
happy, cheerful, is not the answer; dealing patients just want attention, as is suggested
with happy patients is normally not a great by the sentences: Often these patients will
challenge. Patients that are irregular (choice purposely try to anger you just to get a reac-
a) or sloppy (choice d) may be a challenge in tion. If you react to this behavior with anger,
their own ways, but they aren’t likely to rouse they win by getting your attention. It should
a healthcare worker to anger. In addition, the be clear that choice b cannot be the answer,
passage explains that irate patients are not because it includes an absolute: Irate patients
angry at you, and irate is used as a synonym are always miserable. Perhaps some of the
for irritable, which describes the patients patients are often miserable, but an absolute
under discussion in the very first sentence. like always is usually wrong. Besides, this
2. d. This is an inference question, as the phrase passage refers to patients who may be irate in
the passage suggests might have told you. The the hospital, but we have no indication of
idea that angry healthcare workers might what these patients are like at other times.
give inadequate treatment is implied by the Choice c is also incorrect because the pur-
passage as a whole, which seems to be an pose of the passage is to ensure that patients
attempt to prevent angry reactions to irate receive proper treatment and that irate
patients. Furthermore, the last sentence in patients are not discriminated against
particular makes this inference possible: If because of their behavior. Thus, irate patients
you react to this behavior with anger . . . you should be made to wait for treatment is not a
both lose because the patient is less likely to get logical answer. Finally, choice d cannot be
proper care. Choice c is not correct, because correct because though it may be true, there
while it may be true that some irate patients is no discussion of career advancement in the
have sued the hospital in the past, there is no passage.
mention of suits anywhere in this passage.
Likewise, choice b is incorrect; the passage
does suggest ignoring patients’ insults, but Review: Putting It All Together
nowhere does it recommend not talking to
patients—it simply recommends not talking A good way to solidify what you have learned about
angrily. And while it may be true that some reading comprehension questions is for you to write the
healthcare workers may lose control of their questions. Here’s a passage, followed by space for you
emotions, the passage does not provide any to write your own questions. Write one question for
facts or details to support choice a, that each of the four types: fact or detail, main idea, infer-
they easily lose control. Watch out for key ence, and vocabulary.
words like easily that may distort the intent
of the passage. The “broken window” theory was originally devel-
3. b. If you didn’t know what an imprecation is, oped to explain how minor acts of vandalism or dis-
the context should reveal that it’s something respect can quickly escalate to crimes, and attitudes
you can ignore, so neither choice a, an that break down the entire social fabric of an area. It is
object, nor choice d, a medication, is a likely a theory that can easily be applied to any situation in
answer. Furthermore, choice c is not likely society. The theory contends that if a broken win-
136
dow in an abandoned building is not replaced 4. Vocabulary question:

quickly, soon all the windows will be broken. In
other words, a small violation, if condoned, leads a.
others to commit similar or greater violations. b.
Thus, after all the windows have been broken, the c.
building is likely to be looted, and perhaps even d.
burned down. According to this theory, violations
increase exponentially. Thus, if disrespect to a superior Possible Questions
is tolerated, others will be tempted to be disrespectful Here is one question of each type based on the previ-
as well. A management crisis could erupt literally ous passage. Your questions may be very different, but
overnight. For example, if one firefighter begins to these will give you an idea of the kinds of questions that
disregard proper housewatch procedure by neglecting could be asked.
to keep up the housewatch administrative journal,
and this firefighter is not reprimanded, others will 1. Detail question: According to the passage, which
follow suit by committing similar violations of proof the following could happen “overnight”?
cedure, thinking, “If he can get away with it, why a. The building will be burned down.
can’t I”? So, what starts out as a small thing, a viola- b. The firehouse may become unmanageable.
tion that may seem not to warrant disciplinary c. A management crisis might erupt.
action, may actually ruin the efficiency of the entire d. The windows will all be broken.
firehouse, putting the people the firehouse serves at
risk. 2. Main idea question: Which of the following best
expresses the main idea of the passage?
1. Detail or fact question: a. Even minor infractions warrant disciplinary
action.
a. b. Broken windows must be repaired
b. immediately.
c. c. People shouldn’t be disrespectful to their
d. superiors.
d. Housewatch must be taken seriously.
2. Main idea question:
3. Inference question: The passage suggests that
a. a. the broken window theory is inadequate.
b. b. managers need to know how to handle a crisis.
c. c. firefighters are lazy.
d. d. people will get away with as much as they can.
3. Inference question: 4. Vocabulary question: In this passage, condoned

most nearly means
a. a. punished.
b. b. overlooked.
c. c. condemned.
d. d. applauded.
137
Answers ■ Practice asking the four sample question types

1. c. about passages you read for information or
2. a. pleasure.
3. d. ■ Use your library. Many public libraries have sec-
4. b. tions that contain materials for adult learners. In
these sections you can find books with exercises
in reading and study skills. It’s a good idea to
Additional Resources enlarge your base of information by reading
related books and articles. Most libraries also
Here are two other ways you can build the vocabulary have computer systems that allow you to access
and knowledge that will help you do well on reading information quickly and easily. Library personnel
comprehension questions: will show you how to use the computers and
other equipment.
If English Isn’t Your First Language
When non-native speakers of English have trouble with reading comprehension tests, it’s often because they
lack the cultural, linguistic, and historical frame of reference that native speakers enjoy. People who have not
lived in or been educated in the United States often don’t have the background information that comes from
growing up reading American newspapers, magazines, and textbooks.
A second problem for non-native English speakers is the difficulty in recognizing vocabulary and idioms
(expressions like “chewing the fat”) that assist comprehension. In order to read with good understanding, it’s
important to have an immediate grasp of as many words as possible in the text. Test takers need to be able to
recognize vocabulary and idioms immediately, so that the ideas those words express are clear.
The Long View

Read newspapers, magazines, and other periodicals that deal with current events and matters of local, state,
and national importance. Pay special attention to articles related to the career you want to pursue.
Be alert to new or unfamiliar vocabulary or terms that occur frequently in the popular press. Use a high-
lighter pen to mark new or unfamiliar words as you read. Keep a list of those words and their definitions. Review
them for 15 minutes each day. Though at first you may find yourself looking up a lot of words, don’t be
frustrated—you’ll look up fewer and fewer as your vocabulary expands.
During the Test

When you are taking the test, make a picture in your mind of the situation being described in the passage. Ask
yourself, “What did the writer mostly want me to think about this subject?”
Locate and underline the topic sentence that carries the main idea of the passage. Remember that the topic
sentence—if there is one—may not always be the first sentence. If there doesn’t seem to be one, try to deter-
mine what idea summarizes the whole passage.
138
C H A P T E R
11 Reading Practice
CHAPTER SUMMARY
This chapter provides more instruction on reading and gives you further
opportunity for practice with Paragraph Comprehension questions.
B eing able to correctly answer Paragraph Comprehension questions on the ASVAB requires much
more than simply knowing what the words mean. This chapter will help you improve your read-
ing ability, focusing on three of the most important things you have to do when reading, whether
during the test or on the job:
■ understanding the basic facts

■ finding the main idea
■ making inferences or drawing conclusions
Accomplishing these tasks starts with active reading.
139
– READING PRACTICE –
Active Reading Making Observations

Good readers know that writers use many different
Perhaps the most important thing you can do to build strategies to express their ideas. Even if you know very
your reading skills is to become an active reader. Active little about writing strategies, you can make useful
readers generally do two things when they read: observations about what you read that will help you
better understand the author’s ideas. You can notice, for
1. They mark up the text. example, the author’s choice of words; the structure of
2. They make specific observations about the text. sentences and paragraphs; any repetition of words or
ideas; important details about people, places, and
Marking Up the Text things; and so on.
Marking the text actively engages you with the words This step—making observations—is essential,
and ideas you are reading. Marking up the text includes because our observations are what lead us to logical
three specific strategies: inferences about what we read. Inferences are conclu-
sions based on reason, fact, or evidence. When we mis-
■ underlining key words and ideas understand what we read, it is often because we haven’t
■ circling and defining any unfamiliar words or looked closely enough at the text, and so we base our
phrases inferences on our own ideas, not on what’s actually
■ recording your reactions and questions in the written in the text. We end up forcing our own ideas on
margins the author rather than listening to what the author has
to say and then forming our own ideas about it.
When you underline key words and ideas, you
highlight the most important parts of the text you are
reading. You also make it easier to summarize and Finding the Facts
remember the key points.
Circling unfamiliar vocabulary words is impor- As a reader faced with a text, you must get the basic
tant, too, because a key word or phrase could change facts: the who, what, when, where, how, and why. What
the meaning of an entire passage. As an active reader, does this piece of writing tell you? What happens? To
make sure you look up unknown words immediately. whom? When, where, how, and why? If you can answer
If no dictionary is available, try to determine the mean- these basic questions, you are on your way to really
ing of the word as best you can from the surrounding comprehending what you read.
sentences (the context). Let’s start with a definition. A fact is
Finally, recording your reactions and questions
in the margins turns you from a passive receiver of ■ something that we know for certain to have
information into an active learner. You will be much happened.
more likely to profit from the ideas and information ■ something that we know for certain to be true.
you read about if you create a “conversation” with the ■ something that we know for certain to exist.
writer in this way.
Of course, if this or any other book you read Much of what you read is designed to provide you
comes from the library, you should avoid marking in with facts. You may read, for example, about a new
the book itself. If the book you are reading belongs to office procedure that you must follow; about how the
someone else, mark key points on a piece of paper new computer system works; or about what happened
instead. at the staff meeting. If you are taking a standardized test to
help you get a job, you will probably have to answer
140
reading comprehension questions that ask you about and beans. The robbery was reported by Mr. Blank’s
the facts in a passage you read. It is very important, neighbor, who found Mr. Blank unconscious in his
therefore, for you to be able to read through these materials doorway. Apparently, Mr. Blank was so shocked by
and understand the information they convey. What the robbery that he fainted. His neighbor immedi-
facts are you expected to know? What are you to learn or ately called an ambulance and then the police. Mr.
be aware of? What happened? What is true? What exists? Blank is now staying with relatives and is offering a
reward of $25,000 for any information leading to the
Fact-Finding Practice 1 arrest of the thieves.
Jump right in to the task of finding facts. The brief
passage that follows is similar to something you might 1. What happened to Mr. Blank?
see in a newspaper. Read the passage carefully, and
then answer the questions. Remember, careful reading 2. When did it happen?
is active reading, so mark up the text as you go. Under-
line key words and ideas; circle and define any unfa- 3. Where did it happen?
miliar words or phrases; record your reactions and
questions in the margins. 4. How did Mr. Blank react?
On Tuesday, August 30, Mr. Blank, a prominent 5. Who called the police?
local citizen, arrived home from work to find his
apartment had been robbed. The thieves somehow 6. What was left in the apartment?
managed to slip past building security at 131 West
Elm Street, with nearly all of Mr. Blank’s belongings. Remember, good reading is active reading. Did
In fact, the thieves left behind nothing but a stack of you mark up the passage? If so, it may have looked
old Home Decorator magazines and a can of pork something like this:
ut;
standing o rly
p op u la
widely &
who kn ow n
when
On Tuesday, August 30, Mr. Blank, a prominent
What happened —
local citizen, arrived home from work to find his robbery
how d
mana id they apartment had been robbed. The thieves somehow
ge th where
is? managed to slip past building security at 131 West
Elm Street with nearly all of Mr. Blank’s belong-
ings. In fact, the thieves left behind nothing but a
interesting stack of old Home Decorator magazines and a can of
detail. pork and beans. The robbery was reported by Mr.
Blank’s neighbor, who found Mr. Blank unconscious
who else was Wow!
in his doorway. Apparently Mr. Blank was so
involved
shocked by the robbery that he fainted. His neighbor
immediately called an ambulance and then the
police. Mr. Blank is now staying with relatives and is
offering a reward of $25,000 for any information lots of $!
leading to the arrest of the thieves.
141
You will notice that the answers to the questions Fact-Finding Practice 2
have all been underlined, because these are the key Here’s another passage, this time something a little
words and ideas in this passage. But here are the more like what you might see at work. Read the passage
answers in a more conventional form: carefully, and answer the questions that follow.
1. What happened to Mr. Blank? His apartment To: All New Employees
was robbed. From: Human Resources
2. When did it happen? sometime while Mr. Blank In order for your first paycheck to be processed, we
was at work on Tuesday, August 30 must have a number of documents completed and in
our files. Once these documents are in our hands, you
3. Where did it happen? 131 West Elm Street will be entered into our payroll system. These docu-
ments include: a completed company application; a
4. How did Mr. Blank react? He fainted. W-4 form; an I-9 form; a Confidentiality Agreement,
if applicable; an emergency contact sheet; and a copy of
5. Who called the police? Mr. Blank’s neighbor your resume. You should be sure all of these docu-
ments are filled out within your first week of work. In
6. What was left in the apartment? some old Home addition, we will need the following documents from
Decorator magazines and a can of pork and beans you for your file to be complete: two letters of recom-
mendation from previous employers, a high school
Notice that these questions went beyond the basic and college transcript, and an insurance coverage
who, what, when, and where to include some of the application. We request that you complete your file
details, like what was left in the apartment. This is within your first month of employment.
because details in reading comprehension can be very
important clues that may help answer the remaining 7. What papers must new employees have on file?
questions: who did it, how, and why. List them here.
8. In your list, circle the items that employees must

have on file in order to get paid.
9. When should these circled items be completed?
10. When must the rest of the file be completed?
11. True or false: Everyone must sign a Confidential-

ity Agreement.
Before you look at the answers, look at this

marked-up version to see how you might have high-
lighted the important information.
142
To: All New Employees

From: Human Resources
In order for your first paycheck to be processed, we

must have a number of documents completed and
in our files. Once these documents are in our hands,
you will be entered into our payroll system. These
documents include: a completed company applica-
Documents I
tion; a W-4 form; an I-9 form; a Confidentiality
need in order
Agreement, if applicable; an emergency contact to get paid
sheet; and a copy of your resume. You should be
t sure all of these documents are filled out within
Importan your first week of work. In addition, we will need
deadline!
the following documents from you for your file to
be complete: two letters of recommendation from
Documents I
Official copy of previous employers, a high school and college need to
student’s transcript, and an insurance coverage application.
rd co lete file
mp
educational reco We request that you complete your file within your
first month of employment.
Deadline for
completing file
With a marked-up text like this, it’s very easy to 8. In the previous list, the items that employees
find the answers. must have on file in order to get paid are circled.
7. What papers must new employees have on file? 9. When should these circled items be completed?
Company application within the employee’s first week of work
W-4 form 10. When must the rest of the file be completed?
I-9 form within the employee’s first month of work
Confidentiality Agreement (if applicable)
11. True or false: Everyone must sign a Confidential-
Emergency contact sheet ity Agreement. false; only those for whom it is
Resume “applicable”
Two letters of recommendation
High school and college transcripts
Insurance coverage application
143
Fact-Finding Practice 3 12. Who or what is this passage about?

Now, look at one more short passage. Again, read care-
fully and then answer the questions that follow. 13. How was mail transported in the past?
Today’s postal service is more efficient and reliable 14. How is mail transported now?
than ever before. Mail that used to take months to
move by horse and by foot, now moves around the 15. How long does First-Class Mail take?
country in days or hours by truck, train, and plane.
First-Class Mail usually moves from New York City 16. How long does Priority Mail take?
to Los Angeles in three days or less. If your letter or
package is urgent, the U.S. Postal Service offers 17. How long does Express Mail take?
Priority Mail and Express Mail services. Priority
Mail is guaranteed to go anywhere in the United Once again, here’s how you might have marked
States in about two days. Express Mail will get your up this passage:
package there overnight.
Today’s postal service is more efficient and reliable

What a
then than ever before. Mail that used to take months to long time!
move by horse and by foot, now moves around the
now country in days or hours by truck, train, and plane.
First-Class Mail usually moves from New York City
to Los Angeles in three days or less. If your letter or
d— package is urgent, the U.S. Postal Service offers
3 services liste Priority Mail and Express Mail services. Priority
s— 3 da ys
First clas Are there
da ys Mail is guaranteed to go anywhere in the United
Priority—2 other services?
ight
Express—Overn States in about two days. Express Mail will get your
Fastest package there overnight.
You can see how marking up a text helps make it 16. How long does Priority Mail take?
easier to understand the information a passage conveys. about two days
12. Who or what is this passage about? 17. How long does Express Mail take?
the U.S. Postal Service overnight
13. How was mail transported in the past? Active reading is the first essential step to improv-
by horse and foot ing comprehension. Why? Because active reading forces
you to really see what you are reading, to look closely at
14. How is mail transported now? what’s there. If you look carefully and ask the right
by truck, train, and plane questions (who, what, when, where, how, and why),
you are on your way to really comprehending what
15. How long does First-Class Mail take? you read.
three days or less
144
Finding the Main Idea For this passage, you might be tempted to answer:
“The post office.”
When the previous section talked about establishing the But you would be wrong.
facts—the who, what, when, where, and how—it omit- This passage is about the post office, yes—but
ted one very important question: Why? Now you are “the post office” is not the main idea of the passage. The
ready to tackle that question. post office is merely the subject of the passage (who or
All writing is communication: A writer wants to what the passage is about). The main idea must say
convey his or her thoughts to an audience (the reader— something about this subject. The main idea of a text is
you). Just as you have something to say when you pick usually an assertion about the subject. An assertion is a
up the phone to call someone, writers have something statement that requires evidence (proof) to be accepted
to say when they pick up a pen or pencil to write. The as true.
reader might ask, “Why did the author write this? What The main idea of a passage is an assertion about
idea is he or she trying to convey?” What you are really its subject, but it is also something more: it is the idea
asking is, “What is the writer’s main idea?” that holds together or controls the passage. The other
Finding the main idea is much like finding the sentences and ideas in the passage will all relate to the
why. It usually determines the other factors (the who, main idea and serve as evidence that the assertion is
what, when, where, and how). Similarly, in writing, the true. You might think of the main idea as a net that is
main idea also determines the who, what, when, and cast over the other sentences. The main idea must be
where the author will write about, as well as how he or general enough to hold all of these ideas together.
she will write. Thus, the main idea of a passage is:
Subject vs. Main Idea ■ an assertion about the subject

There’s a difference between the subject of a piece of ■ the general idea that controls or holds together
writing and its main idea. To see the difference, look the paragraph or passage
again at the passage about the postal system.
Look at the postal service paragraph once more.
Today’s postal service is more efficient and reliable You know what the subject is: the post office. Now, see
than ever before. Mail that used to take months to if you can determine the main idea. Read the passage
move by horse and by foot now moves around the again and look for the idea that makes an assertion
country in days or hours by truck, train, and plane. about the postal service and holds together or controls
First-Class Mail usually moves from New York City the whole paragraph. Then answer the following
to Los Angeles in three days or less. If your letter or question.
package is urgent, the U.S. Postal Service offers
Priority Mail and Express Mail services. Priority 18. Which of the following sentences best summa-
Mail is guaranteed to go anywhere in the United rizes the main idea of the passage?
States in about two days. Express Mail will get your a. Express Mail is a good way to send urgent mail.
package there overnight. b. Mail service today is more effective and
dependable.
You will often see a question in the reading com- c. First-Class Mail usually takes three days or less.
prehension portion of a test that asks, in essence, “What d. Priority Mail is a quick alternative to First-
is the main idea of this passage?” Class Mail.
145
Because choice a is specific—it tells us only about Topic Sentence Practice 1

Express Mail—it cannot be the main idea. It does not
encompass the rest of the sentences in the paragraph— 19. Which of the following sentences is general
it doesn’t cover Priority Mail or First-Class Mail. enough to be a topic sentence?
Choices c and d are also very specific. They tell us only a. Java is a computer language.
about First-Class Mail and Priority Mail, so they, too, b. There are many different computer languages.
cannot be the main idea. c. An old computer language is BASIC.
But choice b—Mail service today is more effective d. Most PCs run Microsoft programs.
and dependable—is general enough to encompass the
whole passage. And the rest of the sentences support the The answer is choice b, There are many different
idea that this sentence asserts: Each sentence offers computer languages. Choices a, c, and d are all specific
proof that the postal service today is indeed more effi- examples of what is said in b, so they are not general
cient and reliable. Thus, the writer’s motive is to tell us enough to be topic sentences.
about the efficiency and reliability of today’s postal
service. Topic Sentence Practice 2
Now, look at the following paragraph. Underline the
Topic Sentences sentence that expresses the main idea, and notice how
You will notice that in the paragraph about the postal the other sentences work to support that main idea.
service, the main idea is expressed clearly in the first
sentence: Today’s postal service is more efficient and reli- Erik always played cops and robbers when he was a
able than ever before. A sentence such as this one, that boy; now, he’s a police officer. Preeti always played
clearly expresses the main idea of a paragraph or pas- school as a little girl; today, she is a high school math
sage, is often called a topic sentence. teacher. Kara always played store; today, she owns a
In many cases, like the postal service paragraph, chain of retail clothing shops. Long before they are
you will find the topic sentence at the beginning of the faced with the question, “What do you want to be
paragraph. You will also frequently find it at the end. when you grow up?” some lucky people know
Less often, but on occasion, the topic sentence may be exactly what they want to do with their lives.
found in the middle of the passage. Whatever the case
may be, the topic sentence—like Today’s postal service Which sentence did you underline? You should
is more efficient and reliable than ever before—is an have underlined the last sentence: Long before they are
assertion, and it needs proof. The proof is found in the faced with that question “What do you want to be when
facts and ideas that make up the rest of the passage. you grow up?” some lucky people know exactly what they
(Not all passages provide a clear topic sentence that want to do with their lives. This sentence is a good topic
states the main idea. Such passages will come up later sentence; it expresses the idea that holds together the
in this chapter.) whole paragraph. The first three sentences—about
Remember that a topic sentence is a clear state- Erik, Preeti, and Kara—are specific examples of these
ment of the main idea of a passage; it must be general lucky people. Notice that this time the topic sentence is
enough to encompass all of the ideas in that passage, found at the end of the paragraph.
and it usually makes an assertion about the subject of
that passage. Knowing all that, you can answer the fol-
lowing question even without reading a passage.
146
Topic Sentence Practice 3 You might have noticed the supporting sentences
Among the eight sentences below are two topic sen- in the first paragraph about police duties begin with the
tences. The other sentences are supporting sentences. following words: some, others, and still other. These
Circle the two topic sentences. Then, write the num- words are often used to introduce examples. The sec-
bers of the supporting sentences that go with each ond paragraph uses different words, but they have the
topic sentence. same function: for example, in addition, and further-
more. If a sentence begins with such a word or phrase,
1. Furthermore, government employees receive ter- that is a good indication it is not a topic sentence—
rific heathcare coverage. because it is providing a specific example.
2. Some police officer duties, like writing reports, Here are some words and phrases often used to
have no risk at all. introduce specific examples:
3. For example, government employees have more
paid holidays than employees of private for example in particular
companies. for instance some
4. Not all police duties are dangerous. in addition others
5. Others, like traffic duty, put police officers at very furthermore
little risk.
6. Government employees enjoy numerous If you are having trouble finding the main idea of
benefits. a paragraph, you might try eliminating the sentences
7. Still other duties, like investigating accidents, that you know contain supporting evidence.
leave officers free of danger. Now, you can answer the last of the questions—
8. In addition, government employees are well the why. What’s the main idea the author wants to con-
compensated for overtime hours. vey? By finding the sentence that makes an assertion
about the subject of the paragraph and that encom-
Sentences 4 and 6 are the two topic sentences passes the other sentences in the paragraph, you can
because both make an assertion about a general subject. uncover the author’s motive.
The supporting sentences for topic sentence 4, Not all
police duties are dangerous, are sentences 2, 5, and 7. The
supporting sentences for topic sentence 6, Government Drawing Conclusions
employees enjoy numerous benefits, are the remaining
sentences: 1, 3, and 8. Writers know that they can get an idea across to their
Here’s how they look as paragraphs: readers without directly saying it. Instead of providing
a topic sentence that expresses their main idea, many
Not all police duties are dangerous. Some duties, like times they simply omit that sentence, and instead pro-
writing reports, have no risk at all. Others, like traf- vide a series of clues, through structure and language,
fic duty, offer very little risk. Still other duties, like to get their ideas across.
investigating accidents, leave officers free of danger. Finding an implied main idea is much like find-
Government employees enjoy numerous ben- ing a stated main idea. Remember, a main idea is an
efits. For example, they have more paid holidays assertion about the subject that controls or holds
than employees of private companies. In addition, together all of the ideas in the passage. If the writer pro-
they are well compensated for overtime hours. Fur- vides a topic sentence that states the main idea, finding
thermore, they receive terrific healthcare coverage. the main idea is something of a process of elimination:
147
You eliminate the sentences that aren’t general enough The correct answer is b, It is highly unlikely that
to encompass the whole passage. But what do you do another robbery would occur in the building. How can
when there is no topic sentence? you tell that this is the main idea? It’s the only one of
You use your observations to make an inference— three choices that is general enough to serve as a net for
a conclusion about the main idea or point of the passage. the paragraph: choice a is only a detail in the passage;
Finding an implied main idea requires you to use choice c is not true, according to the information in the
your observations to make an inference that, like a passage; and choice d isn’t an inference that is sup-
topic sentence, encompasses the whole passage. It ported by the details in the passage.
might take a little work, but you can make observations
that will enable you to find main ideas even when they Inference Practice 2
are not explicitly stated. Now, examine the following statement from Mr. Blank’s
neighbor, who was also interviewed after the robbery:
Inference Practice 1
For the first example of finding an implied main idea, I live right next door to Mr. Blank, and I heard a lit-
let’s return to our friend, Mr. Blank. If you remember, tle scuffle outside my apartment door about the
earlier in this chapter, his apartment was robbed. Now, time of the robbery. I didn’t think to check it out,
look at a statement from the building manager in and now, of course, I wish I had. I thought it was just
response to news of the robbery: Mr. Blank doing something in the hallway. Later, I
went out to take my dog Millie for a walk and saw
We have never had a robbery in our building before that the stairwell window was open. It was such a hot
Mr. Blank’s unfortunate incident. After all, our day, I didn’t think much of that either, at least at first.
neighborhood is one of the safest in the area, and But on a closer look, I saw some torn clothing on the
police patrol the streets regularly. In addition, I have windowsill, and some dirty footprints leading from
personally seen to it that all of the building’s win- Mr. Blank’s apartment.
dows and doors are locked and secure, and the
superintendent maintains such security as well. 21. What is Mr. Blank’s neighbor suggesting?
a. Mr. Blank’s neighbor heard a scuffle outside
Now, there is no topic sentence in this paragraph, her door.
but you should be able to determine the manager’s b. The robbers probably escaped out the stairwell
main idea from the facts he provides and from his tone. window.
What is he suggesting? c. The stairwell window was left open.
d. Mr. Blank’s neighbor saw torn clothing on the
20. Which of the following best summarizes the windowsill.
manager’s main idea?
a. The police are thorough when they patrol the You can attack the question this way: Which of
neighborhood. these three statements do the sentences in the neighbor’s
b. It is unlikely that another robbery would statement support? Try the process of elimination. Do
occur in the building. all of the sentences support choice a? If not, cross out
c. The superintendent relies on the police to choice a. Do all of the sentences support choice b?
maintain the building’s security. Choices c or d?
d. Mr. Blank is at fault for allowing his apart-
ment to be robbed.
148
The correct answer is b, The robbers probably 22. Which of the following best expresses the
escaped out the stairwell window. How can you tell? implied message of the passage?
This is the only idea that all of the statements support. a. Having Will as a team captain is a pleasure.
You know that Mr. Blank’s neighbor heard a scuffle out- b. Will has a warm personality.
side her door; you also know the stairwell window was c. Will is an effective team captain.
open and that Mr. Blank’s neighbor saw torn clothing d. Having Will as a team captain is like having a
on the windowsill. Thus, the neighbor’s statement con- best friend.
tains a, c, and d, but none of these can be the main idea
because the neighbor discusses all three things in com- The correct answer is d, having Will as a team
bination. This combination makes it likely that the captain is like having a best friend. There are many clues
robbers escaped out the stairwell window. in the language of this paragraph that lead you to this
inference. First, you probably noticed that Will has a
Inference Practice 3 heart of gold. This comparison (called a metaphor) sug-
Now, look at a paragraph in which the language the gests that Will is a caring person, with the utmost com-
writer uses is what enables you to determine meaning. passion and understanding for others.
Read the following paragraph carefully and see if you Second, the writer tells us that Will genuinely
can determine the implied main idea of the paragraph. takes note of what his teammates have to say. Genuinely
takes note are key word choices. The writer could have
My team captain, Will, is an exceptional leader with said that Will hears what they have to say or even listens
a heart of gold. He arrives 30 minutes before every to what they have to say, but neither convey his sincere
practice so that he can check in with as many team- care for others as the keywords genuinely takes note do.
mates as possible. He politely asks people about Furthermore, Will is described as having warm eyes,
themselves and genuinely takes note about what they which also suggests a compassionate person, one who
have to say. When I’m troubled, he’ll notice and talk looks at others from a considerate point of view, rather
to me about it. Just having those warm eyes concen- than a cold, callus point of view. Thus, although choices
trate on me and only me practically takes away any a, b, and c may be true, choice d is the only idea that all
troubles I had. of the sentences in the paragraph support.
Of course, this person’s description of Will is very
Before you decide on the implied main idea, list subjective, as it uses the first-person point of view. As
your observations. What did you notice about the lan- an active reader, you should wonder whether everyone
guage in this paragraph? An example is provided to get sees Will this way, or if this teammate is unable to be
you started. objective about Will.
Many writers use implication to convey meaning
Observations rather than directly stating their ideas. Finding the
implied main idea requires a little detective work, but
Example: I noticed that Will’s heart is described
it is not as difficult as you may have thought.
as being “gold.”
149
Tips for Continuing to ■ Take a course at a local college. Most courses

Improve Your Reading (other than mathematics and computer science)
require a significant amount of reading, so they
Reading is like exercise: If you don’t keep doing it, you are a great way to sharpen your reading compre-
will get out of shape. Like muscles that grow stronger hension skills while you work towards a degree or
and bigger with each repetition, your reading skills will greater understanding of a certain subject. In
grow stronger with each text that you read. addition, if you are in a class, you will have a
The following are some ways you can continue to teacher who can guide you to make sure you are
strengthen your reading comprehension skills: correctly comprehending what you read.
■ Join a reading group. Most cities and towns have
■ Read! Read anything—books, newspapers, mag- a club that meets every two weeks or each month
azines, novels, poems. The more you read, the to discuss a selected book. In these groups, you
better. Set yourself a reading goal: It might be will get to discuss your ideas and questions with a
one book a month, two books while you are on group of friends and associates in an informal set-
vacation, or a half hour of reading every night ting. If your area doesn’t have a reading group,
before bed. start your own. You and your friends can take
■ Discover new authors. Check out the bestseller turns choosing which book to read and discuss as
list and try one of the books on that list. If it’s a a group.
bestseller, it’s probably a book that appeals to a
wide variety of readers, and chances are good that
you will like it.
■ Spend some time in bookstores and libraries.
There are bound to be books and authors out
there that appeal to some of your interests. Don’t
be afraid to ask a salesperson or librarian to help
you. Describe your interests and your preferences
in style, and he or she can help you find books you
will enjoy reading.
150
C H A P T E R
12 Practice ASVAB
Core Test 2
CHAPTER SUMMARY
Here’s another sample ASVAB core test for your practice. After work-
ing through the review and practice material in the previous chapters,
take this test to see how much your score has improved.
T his practice test will be a good measure of how much you’ve learned from working through the les-
sons in this book, especially if you took the first practice test in Chapter 5. Like that test, this one
includes four out of the nine subtests that make up the ASVAB. These four subtests count toward your
Armed Forces Qualifying Test (AFQT) score, which will determine whether or not you will be allowed to enlist
in the military.
For this test, simulate the actual test-taking experience as closely as you can. Find a quiet place to work where
you won’t be disturbed. Use the answer sheet provided and use a timer or stopwatch to time each section. The
times are marked at the beginning of each section.
After the exam, review the answer explanations to understand each question you missed. To find out more
about your score, review Chapter 3.
151
1. a b c d 11. a b c d 21. a b c d
2. a b c d 12. a b c d 22. a b c d
3. a b c d 13. a b c d 23. a b c d
4. a b c d 14. a b c d 24. a b c d
5. a b c d 15. a b c d 25. a b c d
6. a b c d 16. a b c d 26. a b c d
7. a b c d 17. a b c d 27. a b c d
8. a b c d 18. a b c d 28. a b c d
9. a b c d 19. a b c d 29. a b c d
10. a b c d 20. a b c d 30. a b c d

1. a b c d 13. a b c d 25. a b c d
2. a b c d 14. a b c d 26. a b c d
3. a b c d 15. a b c d 27. a b c d
4. a b c d 16. a b c d 28. a b c d
5. a b c d 17. a b c d 29. a b c d
6. a b c d 18. a b c d 30. a b c d
7. a b c d 19. a b c d 31. a b c d
8. a b c d 20. a b c d 32. a b c d
9. a b c d 21. a b c d 33. a b c d
10. a b c d 22. a b c d 34. a b c d
11. a b c d 23. a b c d 35. a b c d
12. a b c d 24. a b c d

1. a b c d 6. a b c d 11. a b c d
2. a b c d 7. a b c d 12. a b c d
3. a b c d 8. a b c d 13. a b c d
4. a b c d 9. a b c d 14. a b c d
5. a b c d 10. a b c d 15. a b c d

1. a b c d 10. a b c d 19. a b c d
2. a b c d 11. a b c d 20. a b c d
3. a b c d 12. a b c d 21. a b c d
4. a b c d 13. a b c d 22. a b c d
5. a b c d 14. a b c d 23. a b c d
6. a b c d 15. a b c d 24. a b c d
7. a b c d 16. a b c d 25. a b c d
8. a b c d 17. a b c d
9. a b c d 18. a b c d
153
Part 1: Arithmetic Reasoning This is a list of ingredients needed to make 16

brownies. Use this list to answer questions 4 and 5.
Time: 36 minutes
Deluxe Brownies
2
1. What is the estimated product when 157 and cup butter
3
817 are rounded to the nearest hundred and 5 squares (1 ounce each) unsweetened
multiplied? chocolate
a. 160,000 112 cups sugar
b. 180,000 2 teaspoons vanilla
c. 16,000 2 eggs
d. 80,000 1 cup flour
2. A large coffee pot holds 120 cups. It is about two- 4. How much sugar is needed to make 8 brownies?
thirds full. About how many cups are in the pot? 3
a. cup
4
a. 40 cups
b. 3 cups
b. 80 cups
2
c. 60 cups c. cup
3
d. 90 cups 5
d. 8 cup
3. Mr. Tupper is purchasing gifts for his family. He 5. What is the greatest number of brownies that can
stops to consider what else he has to buy. A quick be made if the baker has only one cup of butter?
mental inventory of his shopping bag so far a. 12
reveals the following: b. 16
1 cashmere sweater, valued at $260 c. 24
3 diamond bracelets, each valued at $365 d. 32
1 computer game, valued at $78
1 cameo brooch, valued at $130 6. An outdoor swimming pool at the Shulkind resi-
dence can be filled with water from the garden
Later, having coffee in the Food Court, he hose at a rate of three and a half inches per hour.
suddenly remembers that he has purchased only If the Shulkinds want to fill the empty pool with
two diamond bracelets, not three, and that the 49 inches of water, how many hours will it take to
cashmere sweater was on sale for $245. What is get to this level?
the total value of the gifts Mr. Tupper has pur- a. 3.5 hours
chased so far? b. 5.25 hours
a. $833 c. 14 hours
b. $1,183 d. 16.3 hours
c. $1,198
d. $1,563
155
7. The state of Connecticut will pay two-fifths of 11. Katie has a drawer of unmarked spare keys for
the cost of a new school building. If the city of the dorm that she manages. If the drawer con-
New Haven is building a school that will cost a tains 9 keys to the front door, 4 keys to the laun-
total of $15,500,000, what will the state pay? dry room, and 3 keys to the storage closet, what
a. $3,100,000 is the probability that when she grabs a key at
b. $7,750,000 random, it will be a key to either the front door
c. $6,200,000 or the storage closet?
d. $4,550,000 a. 75%
b. 56.25%
8. Body mass index (BMI) is equal to c. 43.75%
weight in kilograms
d. 25%

(height in meters)2 . A man who weighs 64.8
kilograms has a BMI of 20. How tall is he? 12. The basal metabolic rate (BMR) is the rate at
a. 1.8 meters which our body uses calories. The BMR for a
b. 0.9 meters man in his twenties is about 1,700 calories per
c. 2.16 meters day. If 204 of those calories should come from
d. 3.24 meters protein, about what percent of this man’s diet
should be protein?
9. Maya is using written instructions to create an a. 1.2%
airplane made out of thin balsa wood. Her b. 8.3%
instructions are drawn to scale so that every 18 c. 12%
inch in the drawing represents 112 inches of balsa d. 16%
wood. How tall will the tail of the airplane be if it
is 234 inches tall in the drawing? 13. The condition known as Down syndrome occurs
a. 12 inches in about one in 1,500 children when the mothers
b. 22 inches are in their twenties. About what percent of all
c. 26 inches children born to mothers in their twenties are
d. 33 inches likely to have Down syndrome?
a. 0.0067%
10. Newly hired nurses have to buy duty shoes at the b. 0.67%
full price of $84.50, but nurses who have served c. 6.7%
at least a year get a 15% discount. Nurses who d. 0.067%
have served at least three years get an additional
10% off the discounted price. How much does a 14. If a population of yeast cells grows from 10 to
nurse who has served at least three years have to 320 in a period of five hours, what is the rate of
pay for shoes? growth?
a. $63.78 a. It doubles its numbers every hour.
b. $64.65 b. It triples its numbers every hour.
c. $71.83 c. It doubles its numbers every two hours.
d. $72.05 d. It triples its numbers every two hours.
156
15. How much water must be added to 1 liter of a 20. If jogging for one mile uses 150 calories and brisk
5% saline solution to get a 2% saline solution? walking for one mile uses 100 calories, a jogger
a. 1L has to go how many times as far as a walker to
b. 1.5 L use the same number of calories?
c. 2 L a. 1

2
d. 2.5 L 2
b.
3
3
16. Susan and Bill are training for a marathon c.
2
together. They were given instructions to run for d. 2
52 minutes on Friday, and increase their run time
by 10% every Friday. If their first Friday run is 52 21. A dosage of a certain medication is 12 cc per
minutes, approximately how many minutes will 100 pounds. What is the dosage for a patient
their third Friday run last? who weighs 175 pounds?
a. 60 minutes a. 15 cc
b. 63 minutes b. 18 cc
c. 67 minutes c. 21 cc
d. 72 minutes d. 24 cc
17. All of the rooms in a building are rectangular, 22. A hiker walks 40 miles on the first day of a five-
with 8-foot ceilings. One room is 9 feet wide by day trip. On each day after that, he can walk only
11 feet long. What is the combined area of the half as far as he did the day before. On average,
four walls, including doors and windows? how far does he walk each day?
a. 99 square feet a. 10 miles
b. 160 square feet b. 15.5 miles
c. 320 square feet c. 20 miles
d. 72 square feet d. 24 miles
18. What is the volume of a pyramid that has a rec- 23. Mr. Thaler is driving from Los Angeles to San
tangular base of 10 inches by 12 inches and a Francisco. If he drives 3 hours in traffic at an
height of 10 inches? (V = 13lwh) average speed of 32 miles an hour, and then 4.5
a. 40 cubic inches hours on the freeway, at an average speed of 72
b. 320 cubic inches miles per hour, what was his overall average
c. 400 cubic inches speed on his trip to San Francisco?
d. 1,200 cubic inches a. 45 miles per hour
b. 52 miles per hour
19. A child has a temperature of 40° C. What is c. 56 miles per hour
the child’s temperature in degrees Fahrenheit? d. 60 miles per hour
(F = 95C + 32)
a. 101° F
b. 102° F
c. 103° F
d. 104° F
157
24. A family’s gas and electricity bill averages $80 a 28. Land in a development is selling for $60,000 per
month for seven months of the year and $20 a acre. If Jack purchases 134 acres, how much will
month the rest of the year. If the family’s bills he pay?
were averaged over the entire year, what would a. $45,000
the monthly bill be? b. $135,000
a. $45 c. $105,000
b. $50 d. $120,000
c. $55
d. $60 29. For every dollar Kyra saves, her employer con-
tributes a dime to her savings, with a maximum
25. Jason is six times as old as Kate. In two years, employer contribution of $10 per month. If Kyra
Jason will be twice as old as Kate is then. How old saves $60 in January, $130 in March, and $70 in
is Jason now? April, how much will she have in savings at the
a. 3 years old end of that time?
b. 6 years old a. $270
c. 9 years old b. $283
d. 12 years old c. $286
d. $290
26. During her first three months at college, a stu-
dent’s long distance phone bills are $103.30, 30. Jackie is paid $822.40 twice a month. If she saves
$71.60, and $84.00. Her local phone bill is $18.00 $150.00 per paycheck and pays $84.71 on her
each month. What is her average total monthly student loan each month, how much does she
phone bill? have left to spend each month?
a. $86.30 a. $1,175.38
b. $92.30 b. $1,260.09
c. $98.30 c. $1,410.09
d. $104.30 d. $1,560.09
27. A Boeing 747 airplane burns approximately 1

gallon of fuel for every second flown. If the flight Part 2: Word Knowledge
from New York to Beijing is 13.5 hours, approxi-
mately how many gallons of fuel will be used Time: 11 minutes
during this trip?
a. 10,084 gallons Select the choice that best matches the underlined
b. 810 gallons word.
c. 48,600 gallons
d. cannot be determined with the information 1. According to the code of conduct, “Every officer
given will be accountable for his or her decisions.”
a. applauded
b. compensated
c. responsible
d. approached
158
2. Scrutinize most nearly means 8. Validate most nearly means

a. vanish. a. confirm.
b. dissect. b. retrieve.
c. neglect. c. communicate.
d. weaken. d. appoint.
3. Enumerate most nearly means 9. Antagonist most nearly means

a. pronounce. a. comrade.
b. count. b. opponent.
c. explain. c. master.
d. plead. d. perfectionist.
4. Emulate most nearly means 10. Perseverance most nearly means

a. imitate. a. unhappiness.
b. authorize. b. fame.
c. fascinate. c. persistence.
d. punish. d. humility.
5. The residents of that area were considered to be 11. As soon as the details of the affair were released
compliant in regard to the seat belt law. to the media, the newspaper was inundated with
a. skeptical calls from a curious public.
b. obedient a. provided
c. forgetful b. bothered
d. appreciative c. rewarded
d. flooded
6. Following the disturbance, town officials felt the
need to augment the laws pertaining to mass 12. Homogeneous most nearly means
demonstrations. a. alike.
a. repeal b. plain.
b. evaluate c. native.
c. expand d. dissimilar.
d. criticize
13. Ominous most nearly means
7. Aversion most nearly means a. ordinary.
a. harmony. b. gracious.
b. greed. c. quarrelsome.
c. weariness. d. threatening.
d. dislike.
159
14. When people heard that timid Bob had taken up 20. Vast most nearly means
skydiving, they were incredulous. a. attentive.
a. fearful b. immense.
b. outraged c. steady.
c. disbelieving d. slight.
d. inconsolable
21. Animosity most nearly means
15. Recluse most nearly means a. natural.
a. prophet. b. climax.
b. fool. c. hostility.
c. intellectual. d. untold.
d. hermit.
22. Adage most nearly means
16. The company recruited her because she was a. saying.
proficient in the use of computers. b. language.
a. experienced c. elderly.
b. unequaled d. superior.
c. efficient
d. skilled 23. Otto’s prosperous store was busy seven days a
week.
17. Defray most nearly means a. lavish
a. pay. b. successful
b. defend. c. memorable
c. cheat. d. competitive
d. disobey.
24. The novel included figurative language such as
18. Placid most nearly means metaphors.
a. flabby. a. theoretical
b. peaceful. b. symbolic
c. wise. c. complex
d. obedient. d. truthful
19. The city council has given tentative approval to 25. Jimin wanted to keep his father’s school ring for
the idea of banning smoking from all public posterity.
buildings. a. proof of the past
a. provisional b. memorabilia
b. ambiguous c. future generations
c. wholehearted d. investment
d. unnecessary
160
26. Subliminal most nearly means 32. Tumultuous most nearly means
a. concealed. a. dedicated.
b. identifiable. b. respectful.
c. original. c. quiet.
d. mysterious. d. disorderly.
27. Resonant most nearly means 33. Exorbitant most nearly means
a. echoing. a. valuable.
b. harsh. b. overpriced.
c. delicate. c. wild.
d. illegible. d. unbelievable.
28. Expedient most nearly means 34. Her blatant expression revealed her feelings.
a. cumbersome. a. secretive
b. inappropriate. b. fabricated
c. quick. c. transparent
d. slow. d. loud
29. The helicopter is used for patients with exigent 35. Empirical most nearly means
medical conditions. a. ancient.
a. urgent b. practical.
b. commonplace c. false.
c. underdeveloped d. unwieldy.
d. extreme
30. The corner store sold sundry items.

a. dry goods
b. inexpensive
c. exotic
d. assorted
31. After the contest ended, Lisala offered her com-

petitors fulsome praise.
a. excessive
b. irritating
c. pleasing
d. inspiring
161
Part 3: 3. If a truck is due to have the oil changed, it will be

Paragraph Comprehension done by
a. maintenance department personnel.
Time: 13 minutes b. truck drivers.
c. shift supervisors.
Read each passage and answer the questions that d. outside contractors.
follow.
4. The passage suggests that trucks
The supervisors have received numerous complaints a. are refueled when they have less than half a
over the last several weeks about buses on several tank of gas.
routes running hot. Drivers are reminded that each b. have the oil changed every 1,000 miles.
route has several checkpoints at which drivers c. are refueled at the end of every shift.
should check the time. If the bus is ahead of sched- d. are in frequent need of repair.
ule, drivers should delay at the checkpoint until it is
the proper time to leave. Hazardous waste is defined as any waste designated
by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency as
1. According to the passage, when a bus is “running hazardous. If a sanitation worker is unsure if a par-
hot,” it means ticular item is hazardous, he or she should not han-
a. the engine is overheating. dle the item but should instead notify the supervisor
b. the bus is running ahead of schedule. for directions.
c. the air conditioning is not working.
d. there is no more room for passengers. 5. Hazardous waste is
a. anything too dangerous for workers to handle.
2. According to the passage, b. picked up by special trucks.
a. every bus stop is also a checkpoint. c. defined by the U.S. Environmental Protection
b. it is important to keep customer complaints to Agency.
a minimum. d. not allowed with regular residential garbage.
c. drivers tend to rush their routes so they can
leave work early. 6. A sanitation worker comes upon a container of
d. each bus route has several points at which cleaning solvent along with the regular garbage
drivers should check the time. in front of a residence. The container does not
list the contents of the cleaner. He should
Drivers are responsible for refueling their trucks at a. assume the solvent is safe and deposit it in the
the end of each shift. All other routine maintenance sanitation truck.
is performed by maintenance department personnel, b. leave a note for the residents, asking them to
who are also responsible for maintaining service list the contents.
records. If a driver believes a truck is in need of c. contact the supervisor for directions.
mechanical repair, he or she should fill out the pink d. leave the container on the curb.
Repair Requisition form and turn it in to the shift
supervisor.
162
Many people hesitate to adopt a retired racing grey- 9. A good title for this article would be
hound because they worry that it will be nervous a. “Why You Should Shop in a Health Food
and will need a large space to run. This is a false Store”
impression. Greyhounds have naturally sweet, mild b. “How to Complete Your Grocery Shopping in
dispositions and are sprinters rather than distance Less Time”
runners; they are sufficiently exercised with a few c. “How to Shop for Healthy Food”
laps around a fenced-in backyard every day. Grey- d. “How to Cook Healthy Food”
hounds do not make good watchdogs, but they are
very good with children, get along well with other 10. According to the passage, the best way to shop in
dogs (and usually cats as well), and are very affec- the grocery store is to
tionate and loyal. a. make a list and stick to it.
b. stay in the outside aisles.
7. According to the passage, adopting a greyhound c. look for the best prices.
is a good idea for people who d. check the newspaper ads each week.
a. do not have children.
b. live in apartment buildings. Graduating from veterinary school is not the last step
c. do not usually like dogs. in the process of becoming a veterinarian. There are
d. already have another dog or a cat. two final exams every veterinarian must pass before
being allowed to practice: the difficult national vet-
8. One drawback of adopting a greyhound is erinary medical board exam, as well as the state board
that they exam for the state or states in which they ultimately
a. are not good watchdogs. want to practice. Some veterinarians feel the state
b. are very old when they retire from racing. specific exam is unnecessary, however, and argue that
c. are very competitive. passing the national veterinary medical board exam
d. need lots of room to run. should be enough because medical knowledge does-
n’t differ from state to state. However, not everyone
One easy way to plan healthy menus is to shop only agrees with that sentiment. They believe that the state
in the outer aisles of the grocery store. In most board exam is a necessity because there will always be
supermarkets, fresh fruit and vegetables, dairy, fresh area-specific issues of which veterinarians must be
meat, and frozen foods are in the outer aisles. Grains, aware.
like pasta, rice, bread, and cereal, are located on the
next aisles, the first inner rows. The inside aisles are 11. According to the passage, in order to practice, a
where you’ll find chips and snacks, cookies and pas- veterinarian must
tries, soda pop and drink mixes—foods that nutri- a. pass only the national veterinary medical
tionists say should be eaten rarely, if at all. A side board exam.
benefit of shopping this way is that grocery shopping b. complete three years of residency in veterinary
takes less time. medicine.
c. be knowledgeable about medical issues in all
states.
d. pass both a national and a state exam.
163
12. This passage is probably taken from a Part 4:

a. memo entitled, “State Veterinarian Exams Mathematics Knowledge
Deemed Unimportant.”
b. pet owner’s training manual. Time: 24 minutes
c. article entitled, “Pros and Cons of Veterinar-
ian Requirements.” 1. Which of these lines are parallel?
d. novel in which the protagonist is a
veterinarian.
13. According to the passage, state exams are impor- w

tant because they x
a. require veterinarians to be knowledgeable y z
about regional issues. a. w and x
b. give veterinarians needed practice in test b. x and y
taking. c. x and z
c. are similar to the requirements made of med- d. y and z
ical doctors.
d. demand veterinarians have a high level of 2. 523 – 257 =
medical knowledge.
a. 8281
In the summer, the northern hemisphere is slanted b. 334

toward the sun, making the days longer and warmer c. 22201
than in winter. The first day of summer is called the
d. 3211
summer solstice and is also the longest day of the year.
However, June 21 marks the beginning of winter in
3. 35% of what number is equal to 14?
the southern hemisphere, when that hemisphere is
a. 4
tilted away from the sun.
b. 40
c. 49
14. According to the passage, when it is summer in
d. 400
the northern hemisphere, in the southern hemi-
sphere it is 1
4. 4 is equal to
a. spring.
a. 0.15.
b. summer.
b. 0.25.
c. autumn.
c. 0.20.
d. winter.
d. 0.75.
15. It can be inferred from the passage that, in the

5. If 8n + 25 = 65, then n is
southern hemisphere, June 21 is the
a. 5.
a. autumnal equinox.
b. 10.
b. winter solstice.
c. 40.
c. vernal equinox.
d. 90.
d. summer solstice.
164
6. What is the reciprocal of 378? 12. Triangles RST and MNO are similar. What is the
31 length of line segment MO?
a.
8 O
8
b. 31
T
8
c. 21
d. –381 5 cm 4 cm 8 cm
R S
2 cm
7. Which of these sets of angles would make an
M N
isosceles triangle? 4 cm
a. 80º, 80º, 100º a. 10 cm

b. 90º, 40º, 50º b. 20 cm
c. 50º, 50º, 50º c. 32 cm
d. 70º, 55º, 55º d. 40 cm
?
8. What is another way to write 312 13. Put the following fractions in order of least to
a. 123 greatest: 56, 27, 1270 , 13.
b. 63 a. 27, 13, 65, 1270

c. 210
d. 18 b. 27, 13, 1270 , 56
c. 13, 27, 1270 , 56
9. What is another way to write 34? d. 13, 56, 27, 1270
a. 12
b. 24 14. 0.40 =
c. 27 1
a.
d. 81 4
1
b.
5
10. What is the decimal form of –113 rounded to the c. 2

5
nearest hundredth? 3
d.
a. 1.33 4
b. –1.33
c. 3.67 15. Which of the following expressions correctly
d. –3.67 demonstrates “three less than twice a number”?
a. 3 –2 + x
11. 245 is equal to which of the following? b. 3 – 2x
a. 2.45% c. 3 < x2
b. 2.8% d. 2x – 3
c. 2.8
d. 2.45
165
16. Lines a, b, and c intersect at point O. Which of 21. One side of a square bandage is 4 inches long.
these pairs are NOT adjacent angles? What is the perimeter of the bandage?
b a. 4 inches
b. 8 inches
a c c. 12 inches
6 5
d. 16 inches
1 4
O
2 3 22. 33 is 12% of which of the following?
a. 3,960
b. 396
a. l and 6 c. 275
b. l and 4 d. 2,750
c. 4 and 5
d. 2 and 3 23. What is the area of a circle whose circumference
is 12π?
17. 2.25 = a. 144π
a. 214 b. 24π
c. 36π
b. 215 d. 12π 2
2
c.
5
d. 134 24. 172 is equal to

a. 34.
18. 63 is equal to b. 68.
a. 36. c. 136.
b. 1,296. d. 289.
c. 18.
d. 216. 25. If the two triangles below are similar, with A
equal to D, what is the perimeter of DEF?
19. 10 + 40 ÷ 10 × 2 = D
a. 18
b. 10
c. 12 A 5
d. 5200 4
2
C 3 B F E
20. 0.125 =
1 a. 12
a. 25 b. 21
1
b.
8 c. 22.5
2
c. d. 24.75
5
1
d.
5
166
11 1
Answers ■ ÷
4 8
11 8
■ ×
4 1
■ Reduce diagonally to get 111 × 21.
1. a. 157 is rounded to 200; 817 is rounded to 800;
11 2
(200)(800) = 160,000. ■ × = 22
1 1
2. b. Multiply 120 by 23. Thus, 120 2

240
1 × 3 = 3 = 80; There are 22 18-inch segments in 234 inches.
120 is written as a fraction with a denomina- Since each segment represents 112 inches,
240
tor of 1. The fraction
3 is simplified by multiply 112 by 22 to see how many inches
dividing 240 by 3 to get 80 cups. tall the tail will be.
3. b. Add the corrected value of the sweater ($245) 3
■ × 22 = 33 inches
to the value of the two, not three, bracelets 2
10. b. You can’t just take 25% off the original price,
($730), plus the other two items ($78 and
because the 10% discount after three years of
$130).
service is taken off the price that has already
4. a. The recipe is for 16 brownies. Half of that, 8,
been reduced by 15%. Solve the problem in
would reduce the ingredients by half. Half of
two steps: after the 15% discount the price is
112 cups of sugar is 34 cup.
$71.83. Ninety percent of that—subtracting
5. c. The recipe for 16 brownies calls for 23 cup
10%—is $64.65.
butter. An additional 13 cup would make 8
11. a. There are 16 keys in total (9 + 4 + 3 = 16).
more brownies, for a total of 24 brownies.
Since 12 of those keys are to the front door
6. c. Since the Shulkinds want 49 inches of water
or the storage closet, the probability of grab-
and they can get only 312 inches of water per
bing one of those keys at random is 1126 = 34 =
hour, you must divide 49 inches by 312 inches
75%.
to see how many hours that will take.
12. c. The problem is solved by dividing 204 by
49 1
■ 1 ÷ 32 1,700. The answer, 0.12, is then converted to
49 7 a percentage.
■ ÷
1 2
49 2 13. d. The simplest way to solve this problem is to
■ ×
1 7
divide 1 by 1,500, which is 0.0006667, and
■ Reduce diagonally to get 71 × 21. then count off two decimal places to arrive at
■ 14 hours is the answer. the percentage, which is 0.06667%. Since the
7. c. Multiply $15,500,000 by 25; 15,500,000
× =
1
2
5
question asks about what percentage, the
$6,200,000 nearest value is 0.067%.
8. a. Substituting known quantities into the for- 14. a. You can use trial and error to arrive at a solu-
64.8 tion to this problem. After the first hour, the
mula yields 20 =
x2 . Next, you must multi-
ply through by x to get 20x2 = 64.8. Now
2 number would be 20, after the second hour 40,
64.8 after the third hour 80, after the fourth hour
divide through by 20 to get x2 =
20 = 3.24.
Now take the square root of both sides to get 160, and after the fifth hour 320. The other
x equals 1.8. answer choices do not have the same outcome.
9. d. You must first divide 234 inches by 18 inches to 15. b. Use the equation .05(1) = .02(x), where x is
see how many 18-inch segments are in 234. the total amount of water in the resulting 2%
solution. Solving for x, you get 2.5. Subtract-
■ 234 ÷ 18
ing the 1 liter of water already present in the
167
5% solution, you will find that 1.5 liters need day, he walks 5 miles. On the fifth day, he
to be added. walks 2.5 miles. The sum of the miles walked,
16. b. The second week’s run will increase by 10% then, is 77.5 miles. The average over 5 days is
of 52: 77.5 divided by 5, or 15.5 miles per day.
■ 10% × 52 = 0.10 × 52 = 5.2 minutes 23. c. This is a weighted average problem. To find
(this will be the increase in minutes) the average speed, use the formula:
■ 52 + 5.2 = 57.2 minutes. This will be average speed (in miles per hour) =
how long their second Friday run will last total miles driven

total hou
rs driven
Then the third Friday run will increase
by another 10%:
■ 3 hr × 32 mph = 96 miles driven at
■ 10% × 57.2 = 0.10 × 57.2 = 5.72 minutes slow speeds. 4.5 hr × 72 mph = 324
(this will be the increase in minutes) miles driven at highway speeds. The
■ 57.2 + 5.72 = 62.93 minutes. total distance driven is 420 miles in 7.5
■ So their run on their third Friday will hours.
420 miles
last for approximately 63 minutes. ■ = 56 miles per hour
7.5 hours
17. c. Each 9-foot wall has an area of 9(8) or 72 24. c. $80 per month times 7 months is $560. $20
square feet. There are two such walls, so per month times the remaining 5 months is
those two walls combined have an area of $100. $560 plus $100 equals $660 for the
144 square feet. Each 11-foot wall has an area entire year. $660 divided by 12 months is $55.
of 11(8) or 88 square feet, and again there 25. a. J = 6K; J + 2 = 2(K + 2), so 6K + 2 = 2K + 4,
are two such walls: 88 (2) = 176. Finally, add which means K equals 12. J equals 6K, or 3.
144 and 176 to get 320 square feet. 26. d. Add each monthly bill plus $54 for total local
18. c. Using the formula, V = 13(10)(12)(10). service to get $312.90 for three months.
19. d. Substituting 40 for C in the equation yields F Dividing by 3 gives an average of $104.30.
= (95)(40) + 32 = 72 + 32 = 104. 27. c. Change 13.5 hours into minutes by multiply-
20. b. 150x = (100)(1), where x is the part of a mile ing by 60: 13.5 × 60 = 810 minutes. Then
a jogger has to go to burn the calories a change 810 minutes into seconds by multi-
walker burns in 1 mile. If you divide both plying by 60 again: 810 × 60 = 48,600 sec-
100
sides of this equation by 150, you get x =
150 . onds. 48,600 seconds between the two cities
Cancel 50 from both the numerator and means 48,600 gallons used.
denominator to get 23. This means that a jog- 28. c. Multiply the cost per acre by the number of
ger has to jog only 23 of a mile to burn the acres; $60,000 × 134.
same number of calories a walker burns in a 29. b. Kyra saves $60 + $130 + $70 = $260. In Janu-
mile of brisk walking. ary, her employer contributes $6 and in
12 cc x
21. c. The ratio is
100 pounds = 175 pounds, where x is April, $7. In March, her employer con-
the number of cc’s per 175 pounds. Multiply tributes only $10, the maximum amount.
12
both sides by 175 to get (175)(
100 ) equals x, The total in savings is $260 + $6 + $7 + $10
so x equals 21. = $283.
22. b. On the first day, the hiker walks 40 miles. On 30. b. Jackie is paid and saves twice a month, while
the second day, he walks 20 miles. On the she pays her student loan only once a month.
third day, he walks 10 miles. On the fourth Her monthly salary is $1,644.80. Subtract
168
$300 in savings and $84.71 for the student 20. b. Something that is vast is huge or immense.
loan to get $1,260.09. 21. c. Animosity is ill will or hostility.
22. a. An adage is a motto or wise saying.
Part 2: Word Knowledge 23. b. Something that is prosperous is thriving or
1. c. To be held accountable is to be held successful.
responsible. 24. b. Figurative language is not literal, but
2. b. To scrutinize is to examine in detail or dissect. metaphorical or symbolic.
3. b. To enumerate is to ascertain the number of 25. c. Posterity is descendants or future generations.
or count. 26. a. Something that is subliminal is hidden or
4. a. To emulate a person is to strive to equal that concealed.
person or to imitate that person. 27. a. A resonant sound is one that is echoing.
5. b. When one is compliant, one is acquiescent 28. c. Something that is expedient is advantageous
or obedient. and quick.
6. c. To augment something is to add to or 29. a. Something that is exigent is urgent.
expand it. 30. d. Sundry items are miscellaneous or assorted.
7. d. To have an aversion to something is to have a 31. a. Something that is fulsome is flattering, over-
feeling of repugnance for it or to dislike it. generous, or excessive.
8. a. To validate something is to confirm the 32. d. Tumultuous is turbulent, chaotic, or
authenticity of it. disorderly.
9. b. To have an antagonist is to have an opponent, 33. b. Something that is exorbitant is ridiculously
or one who opposes you. expensive or overpriced.
10. c. To have perseverance is to be steadfast in your 34. c. Something that is blatant is unconcealed or
course or to have persistence. transparent.
11. d. To be inundated is to be overwhelmed 35. b. Empirical is observed or practical.
or flooded.
12. a. Homogeneous means of the same or a similar Part 3: Paragraph
kind, alike. Comprehension
13. d. Ominous means foreshadowing evil, 1. b. The passage explains the procedure for bus
threatening. drivers to follow when their bus gets ahead of
14. c. When one is incredulous, one is skeptical schedule. Therefore, running hot means run-
or disbelieving. ning ahead of schedule.
15. d. A recluse is a person who lives withdrawn 2. d. The passage indicates that each route con-
from the world, a hermit. tains several checkpoints at which drivers
16. d. When one is proficient at something, one is should check the time to see if they are run-
expert or skilled at it. ning on schedule.
17. a. To defray is to provide for the payment of 3. a. The second sentence states that routine
something, to pay. maintenance is performed by the mainte-
18. b. Placid means serenely free of disturbance; nance department.
calm, peaceful. 4. c. The first sentence states that drivers are
19. a. When something is tentative, it is of an responsible for refueling at the end of each
experimental or provisional nature.
169
shift; this implies trucks are refueled at the Part 4: Mathematics Knowledge
end of every shift. 1. d. The only parallel lines are y and z.
5. c. According to the passage, hazardous waste is 2. c. Change both mixed numbers to improper
defined by the U.S. Environmental Protec- fractions before finding common denomina-
tion Agency. tors. 137 – 179 . Then, use 21 as your common
119 57 62
6. c. According to the passage, the worker should denominator when subtracting.
21 – 21 = 21
20
call his supervisor for directions,, because he = 221 .
is unsure if the solvent is safe. 3. b. Divide 14 by 35 and then multiply the
7. d. See the last sentence. The passage does not answer by 100 to find the percent.
mention choice b or choice c. Choice a is 4. b. Divide 1 by 4 in order to convert the fraction
clearly wrong; the passage states the into a decimal. 1 ÷ 4 = 0.25.
opposite. 5. a. The problem is solved by first determining
8. a. See the last sentence. Choices b and c are not that 8n equals 40 and then dividing 40 by 8.
mentioned, and choice d is directly contra- 6. b. Convert the mixed number 378 to the
dicted in the third sentence of the passage. improper fraction 381 and then invert.
9. c. This title most nearly captures the main idea 7. d. An isosceles triangle has two equal angles
of the passage. The other choices either are and one different angle, and its angles must
not mentioned or are secondary ideas in the sum to 180º.
passage. 8. b. The square root of 12 is the same as the
10. b. This is the point of the first sentence of square root of 4 times 3, which is the same as
the passage. the square root of 4 times the square root of
11. d. The first sentence of the passage states that 3. The square root of 4 is 2. So 3 times the
veterinarians must pass both the national square root of 12 is the same as 3 times 2
veterinary medical board exam and a state times the square root of 3.
board exam in order to practice. 9. d. (3)(3)(3)(3) = 81
12. c. The passage contains two different opinions 10. b. –113 is a mixed fraction and is equal to the
about the state exam veterinarians must whole number plus the fraction; –113 =
pass: why it is important and why it is –(1 + 13). Convert 13 into a decimal by divid-
unimportant. ing 1 by 3; 1 ÷ 3 = 0.333; round this portion
13. a. The third sentence mentions that state exams of the answer to the nearest hundredth, (two
are important because they require veteri- decimal places), to get 0.33; –(1 + 0.33) =
narians to be knowledgeable about regional –1.33.
issues. 11. c. 245 = 154 = 2.8
14. d. The first day of summer in the north is the 12. a. The dimensions of MNO are double those
first day of winter in the south. of RST. Line segment RT is 5 cm; therefore
15. b. The first day of summer is summer solstice; line segment MO is 10 cm.
therefore, the first day of winter is winter 13. a. To compare two fractions, raise them up to a
solstice. common denominator and then compare
their numerators. For example, 27 = 261 and 13
= 271 , so 13 is greater than 27.
14. c. To convert a decimal into a fraction, first
note the number of place positions to the
170
right of the decimal point. In 0.4, the 4 is in 18. d. 63 is equal to (6)(6)(6) = 216.
the tenths place, which is one place to the 19. a. The correct order of operations for this cal-
right of the decimal point. Therefore, the culation is 10 + [(40 ÷ 10) × 2].
fraction would be 140 . Now, the fraction 20. b. In the decimal 0.125, the 125 is three places
needs to be reduced to its lowest terms. The to the right of the decimal point; 125 is the
number 2 is the greatest common factor of 4 greatest common factor of 125 and 1,000.
and 10, so divide the numerator and denom- 125 ÷ 125 1
The fraction is 1,000
÷ 125 = 8.
inator by 2. The final fraction is 25. 21. d. The perimeter is the total length of all sides.
15. d. Less than means subtraction, but you must In a square, all four sides are of equal length,
switch the order of the numbers being sub- so the perimeter is (4)(4) = 16.
tracted. Twice means multiplied by two. A 22. c. Divide 33 by 0.12 (12%) to get 275.
number is represented by the variable x. 23. c. If the circumference (C = 2πr) is 12π, then
16. b. Angles 1 and 4 are the only ones not adjacent the radius must be 6. Find the area by using
to each other. the formula A = πr2: A = π62 = 36π.
17. a. The number 2.25 involves a whole number, 24. d. 172 is equivalent to 17 times 17, which is 289.
which is the 2 to the left of the decimal. This E
25. c. D is 2.5 times greater than AB; therefore,
EF
means that the answer will be a mixed num- is 7.5 and DF
is 10. Add the three sides
ber—a whole number plus a fraction. Con- together to arrive at the perimeter.
25 ÷ 25 1
vert the 0.25 into a fraction; 100 ÷ 25 = 4;
adding the whole number, 2, to this fraction
gives the answer 214.
Scoring
Write your raw score (the number you got right) for each test in the blanks below. Then, turn to Chapter 3 to
find out how to convert these raw scores into the scores the armed services use.

Here are the steps you should take, depending on ■ If your AFQT is 29–31, be sure to focus on your
your AFQT score on this practice test: weakest subjects in the review lessons and prac-
tice questions that are found in this book.
■ If your AFQT is below 29, you need more help in ■ If your AFQT is above 31, review the areas that
reading and/or math. You should spend plenty of give you trouble, and then take the third practice
time reviewing the lessons and practice questions test in Chapter 13 to make sure you are able to get
found in this book. a passing score again.
171
C H A P T E R
13 Practice ASVAB
Core Test 3
CHAPTER SUMMARY
This is the third of three practice battery tests based on the ASVAB
core. Take this test for more practice and additional improvement over
your score on the first two tests.
L ike the previous practice exams, this test contains four out of the nine subtests that make up the
ASVAB. These four subtests count toward your Armed Forces Qualifying Test (AFQT) score, which
will determine whether or not you will be allowed to enlist in the military.
For this exam, simulate the actual test-taking experience as closely as you can. Work in a quiet place where
you won’t be interrupted. If you own this book, tear out the answer sheet on page 175 and use your #2 pencils to
fill in the circles. Set a timer or stopwatch, and give yourself the appropriate amount of time marked at the begin-
ning of each subtest.
After the exam, use the answer explanations to review the questions you may have missed. Then, use the scor-
ing section at the end of the test and Chapter 3 to see how you did.
173
1. a b c d 11. a b c d 21. a b c d
2. a b c d 12. a b c d 22. a b c d
3. a b c d 13. a b c d 23. a b c d
4. a b c d 14. a b c d 24. a b c d
5. a b c d 15. a b c d 25. a b c d
6. a b c d 16. a b c d 26. a b c d
7. a b c d 17. a b c d 27. a b c d
8. a b c d 18. a b c d 28. a b c d
9. a b c d 19. a b c d 29. a b c d
10. a b c d 20. a b c d 30. a b c d

1. a b c d 13. a b c d 25. a b c d
2. a b c d 14. a b c d 26. a b c d
3. a b c d 15. a b c d 27. a b c d
4. a b c d 16. a b c d 28. a b c d
5. a b c d 17. a b c d 29. a b c d
6. a b c d 18. a b c d 30. a b c d
7. a b c d 19. a b c d 31. a b c d
8. a b c d 20. a b c d 32. a b c d
9. a b c d 21. a b c d 33. a b c d
10. a b c d 22. a b c d 34. a b c d
11. a b c d 23. a b c d 35. a b c d
12. a b c d 24. a b c d

1. a b c d 6. a b c d 11. a b c d
2. a b c d 7. a b c d 12. a b c d
3. a b c d 8. a b c d 13. a b c d
4. a b c d 9. a b c d 14. a b c d
5. a b c d 10. a b c d 15. a b c d

1. a b c d 10. a b c d 19. a b c d
2. a b c d 11. a b c d 20. a b c d
3. a b c d 12. a b c d 21. a b c d
4. a b c d 13. a b c d 22. a b c d
5. a b c d 14. a b c d 23. a b c d
6. a b c d 15. a b c d 24. a b c d
7. a b c d 16. a b c d 25. a b c d
8. a b c d 17. a b c d
9. a b c d 18. a b c d
175
Part 1: Arithmetic Reasoning 3. If a particular woman’s resting heartbeat is 72

beats per minute and she is at rest for 612 hours,
Time: 36 minutes about how many times will her heart beat during
that period of time?
1. Mr. Blake has inherited some musical instru- a. 4,320
ments from his father. They are: b. 28,080
1 violin valued at $3,500 c. 4,680
2 violin bows, each valued at $850 d. 43,200
2 music stands, each valued at $85
1 cello valued at $2,300 4. A patient’s hospice stay cost 14 as much as his visit
In addition, Mr. Blake’s father has left him a to the emergency room. His home nursing cost
watch, valued at $250, and some old sheet music twice as much as his hospice stay. If his total
valued at $85 total. What is the value of Mr. healthcare bill was $140,000, how much did his
Blake’s inheritance? home nursing cost?
a. $6,735 a. $10,000
b. $7,070 b. $20,000
c. $7,670 c. $40,000
d. $8,005 d. $80,000
2. An Olympic athlete has the following weekday- 5. Chuck is making a patio using 112 foot cement
training schedule: squares. The patio will be 10 cement squares by
10 cement squares. If the cement squares are
DAY TRAINING TIME
placed right next to each other without any space
Monday 3 hours and 30 minutes in between, what will the dimensions of the
Tuesday 2 hours and 15 minutes patio be?
Wednesday 1 hour and 45 minutes a. 10 feet by 10 feet
Thursday 4 hours and 30 minutes b. 20 feet by 20 feet
Friday 3 hours c. 1212 feet by 1212 feet
d. 15 feet by 15 feet
What is the average amount of time per
weekday that she trains? 6. At a certain school, half the students are female
a. 2 hours and 45 minutes and one-twelfth of the students are from outside
b. 3 hours the state. What proportion of the students would
c. 3 hours and 15 minutes you expect to be females from outside the state?
d. 3 hours and 30 minutes 1
1
a. 2
1
b. 24
1
c.
6
1
d.
3
177
7. Izzy is going to buy a tent that originally cost 11. A shoe company decides to sell a pair of sneakers
$220.00, and is now 30% off. What is the sale for $78.00. If this pair of sneakers cost the shoe
price of the tent? company $6.00 to manufacture, what is the per-
a. $190.00 centage increase they are using to determine their
b. $154.00 selling price?
c. $165.00 a. 12%
d. $66.00 b. 72%
c. 120%
8. Based on the information below, estimate the d. 1200%
weight of a person who is 55 tall.
HEIGHT WEIGHT 12. In half of migraine sufferers, a certain drug
reduces the number of migraines by 50%. What
5 110 pounds
percentage of all migraines can be eliminated by
6 170 pounds
this drug?
a. 125 a. 25%
b. 130 b. 50%
c. 135 c. 75%
d. 140 d. 100%
9. During exercise, a person’s heart rate should be 13. Joey, Aaron, Barbara, and Stu have been collect-
between 60% and 90% of the difference between ing pennies and putting them in identical con-
220 and the person’s age. According to this tainers. Joey’s container is 34 full, Aaron’s is 35 full,
guideline, what should a 30-year-old person’s Barbara’s is 23 full, and Stu’s is 25 full. Whose con-
maximum heart rate be during exercise? tainer has the most pennies?
a. 114 a. Joey
b. 132 b. Aaron
c. 171 c. Barbara
d. 198 d. Stu
10. The local firefighters are doing a “fill the boot” 14. Rosa kept track of how many hours she spent
fundraiser. Their goal is to raise $3,500. After reading during the month of August. The first
three hours, they have raised $2,275. Which week she read for 412 hours, the second week for
statement below is accurate? 334 hours, the third week for 812 hours, and the
a. They have raised 35% of their goal. fourth week for 113 hours. How many hours alto-
b. They have 270 of their goal left to raise. gether did she spend reading in the month of
c. They have raised less than 12 of their goal. August?
d. They have raised more than 34 of their goal. a. 174670
b. 16
c. 1618
d. 18125
178
15. A study shows that 600,000 women die each year 19. A supply truck can carry three tons. A breakfast
in pregnancy and childbirth, one-fifth more than ration weighs 12 ounces, and the other two daily
scientists previously estimated. How many such meals weigh 18 ounces each. On a ten-day trip,
deaths did the scientists previously estimate? how many troops can be supplied by one truck?
a. 120,000 a. 100
b. 300,000 b. 150
c. 480,000 c. 200
d. 500,000 d. 320
16. A gram of fat contains nine calories. An 1,800- 20. A clerk can process 26 forms per hour. If 5,600
calorie diet allows no more than 20% calories forms must be processed in an eight-hour day,
from fat. How many grams of fat are allowed in how many clerks must you hire for that day?
that diet? a. 24 clerks
a. 40 g b. 25 clerks
b. 90 g c. 26 clerks
c. 200 g d. 27 clerks
d. 360 g
21. On the same latitude, Company E travels east at
17. If a vehicle is traveling through a desert at an 35 miles per hour and Company F travels west
average speed of 90 kilometers an hour, how at 15 miles per hour. If the two companies start
many meters will it have traveled after 5 hours out 2,100 miles apart, how long will it take them
and 30 minutes of driving at this speed? to meet?
a. 48,000 meters a. 42 hours
b. 480,000 meters b. 60 hours
c. 49,500 meters c. 105 hours
d. 495,000 meters d. 140 hours
18. After three days, a group of hikers discovers that 22. Laura has the following regular test scores in her
they have used 25 of their supplies. At this rate, economics class: 78, 94, 64, 81, 83. On her final
how many more days can they go forward before exam, she scored a 90. When determining stu-
they have to turn around? dents’ final averages, the professor drops the low-
a. 0.75 days est regular test score, and then counts the
b. 3.75 days remaining regular tests as 50% of the final average.
c. 4.5 days The final exam counts as the other 50% of the
d. 7.5 days total average. What will Laura’s final average be?
a. 83
b. 84
c. 85
d. 87
179
23. Mike types three times as fast as Nick. Together 26. A standard 18-wheel tractor-trailer is permitted
they type 24 pages per hour. If Nick learns to to carry a load of up to 80,000 pounds. A smaller
type as fast as Mike, how much will they be able six-wheel trailer is able to carry a load of up to
to type per hour? 30,000 pounds. If the government needs to
a. 30 pages transport 350,000 pounds of supplies from
b. 36 pages Camp Pendleton to Fort Campbell, what is the
c. 40 pages most efficient use of vehicles for this move?
d. 48 pages a. five 18-wheelers
b. 12 six-wheelers
24. If you take recyclables to whichever recycler will c. four 18-wheelers and one six-wheeler
pay the most, what is the greatest amount of d. three 18-wheelers and four six-wheelers
money you could get for 2,200 pounds of alu-
minum, 1,400 pounds of cardboard, 3,100 27. A uniform requires four square yards of cloth. To
pounds of glass, and 900 pounds of plastic? produce uniforms for 84,720 troops, how much
cloth is required?
ALUM- CARD- GLASS PLASTIC a. 330,880 square yards
INUM BOARD b. 336,880 square yards
Recycler X 6 cents/ 3 cents/ 8 cents/ 2 cents/ c. 338,880 square yards
pound pound pound pound d. 340,880 square yards
Recycler Y 7 cents/ 4 cents/ 7 cents/ 3 cents/
pound pound pound pound 28. A dormitory now houses 30 students and allows
42 square feet of space per student. If five more
a. $440 students are put into this dormitory, how much
b. $447 less space will each student have?
c. $454 a. 5 square feet
d. $485 b. 6 square feet
c. 7 square feet
25. Water is coming into a tank three times as fast as d. 8 square feet
it is going out. After one hour, the tank contains
11,400 gallons of water. How fast is the water 29. Ron is half as old as Sam, who is three times as
coming in? old as Ted. The sum of their ages is 55. How old
3,800 gallons is Ron?
a.
hour
a. 5
5,700 gallons
b. b. 10
hour
11,400 gallons c. 15
c.
hour
17,100 gallons d. 30
d.
hour
180
30. To lower a fever of 105°F, ice packs are applied 5. Rigorous most nearly means
for one minute and then removed for five min- a. demanding.
utes before being applied again. Each application b. tolerable.
lowers the fever by half a degree. How long will it c. lenient.
take to lower the fever to 99°F? d. disorderly.
a. one hour
b. one hour and 12 minutes 6. Flagrant most nearly means
c. one hour and 15 minutes a. secret.
d. one hour and 30 minutes b. worthless.
c. noble.
d. glaring.
7. Oration most nearly means
Time: 11 minutes a. nuisance.
b. independence.
Select the choice that best matches the underlined word. c. address.
d. length.
1. Erroneous most nearly means
a. digressive. 8. Although the police might be able to help Mr.
b. confused. Chen recover his stolen property, he obstinately
c. impenetrable. refuses to file a complaint.
d. faulty. a. repeatedly
b. reluctantly
2. Grotesque most nearly means c. foolishly
a. extreme. d. stubbornly
b. frenzied.
c. hideous. 9. The student’s glib remarks irritated the teacher.
d. typical. a. angry
b. superficial
3. The Adamsville Kennel Club’s ancient computer c. insulting
system was outmoded. d. dishonest
a. worthless
b. unusable 10. Composure most nearly means
c. obsolete a. agitation.
d. unnecessary b. poise.
c. liveliness.
4. Garbled most nearly means d. stimulation.
a. lucid.
b. unintelligible.
c. devoured.
d. outrageous.
181
11. Eccentric most nearly means 18. Negligible most nearly means
a. normal. a. insignificant.
b. frugal. b. delicate.
c. peculiar. c. meaningful.
d. selective. d. illegible.
12. Commendable most nearly means 19. Rational most nearly means
a. admirable. a. deliberate.
b. accountable. b. invalid.
c. irresponsible. c. prompt.
d. noticeable. d. sound.
13. Oblivious most nearly means 20. Vigilant most nearly means
a. visible. a. nonchalant.
b. sinister. b. alert.
c. aware. c. righteous.
d. ignorant. d. strenuous.
14. Philanthropy most nearly means 21. Novel most nearly means
a. selfishness. a. future.
b. fascination. b. basic.
c. disrespect. c. former.
d. generosity. d. new.
15. Most members of the conservative community 22. Procure most nearly means
thought the neighbor’s bright pink Corvette was a. discover.
ostentatious. b. acquire.
a. hilarious c. drop.
b. pretentious d. add.
c. outrageous
d. obnoxious 23. The salary will be commensurate with the candi-
date’s experience.
16. Passive most nearly means a. forthcoming
a. resigned. b. determined
b. emotional. c. proportionate
c. lively. d. found
d. woeful.
24. Franny was happy about the news, but her hus-
17. Proximity most nearly means band had the converse reaction.
a. distance. a. upsetting
b. agreement. b. opposite
c. nearness. c. worst
d. intelligence. d. extreme
182
25. The abstract painting was emotionally evocative. 31. Amy increased the size of the aperture in order to
a. difficult let more light in.
b. designed a. opening
c. suggestive b. apparatus
d. pure c. camera
d. brightness
26. Harbinger most nearly means
a. follower. 32. Surrogate most nearly means
b. convert. a. replacement.
c. harbor. b. copy.
d. forerunner. c. original.
d. survivor.
27. Amulet most nearly means
a. charm. 33. Paradigm most nearly means
b. anklet. a. flying.
c. potion. b. law.
d. emergency. c. timely.
d. example.
28. Pundit most nearly means
a. expert. 34. The mélange of musical acts made the festival
b. politician. unique.
c. kicker. a. styles
d. evil-doer. b. mix
c. hodgepodge
29. The queue for movie tickets went around the d. sound
block.
a. quick 35. Bravado most nearly means
b. price a. boldness.
c. line b. cowardice.
d. popularity c. scorn.
d. anti-establishment.
30. When his friends arrived an hour late, Jose’s
countenance showed that he was less than
pleased.
a. goals
b. opinion
c. abilities
d. expression
183
Part 3: Paragraph at reasonable prices. Once you get your food, choose
Comprehension a seat at one of the four charming communal tables.
By the time you are ready to carry your paper plate
Time: 13 minutes to the trash bin, you have experienced some of the
best food and most charming company our city has
Read each passage and answer the questions that follow. to offer.
Police officers must read suspects their Miranda 3. According to the passage, if you eat lunch at
rights upon taking them into custody. When sus- Dilly’s Deli, you should expect to
pects who are merely being questioned incriminate a. be surrounded by antiques.
themselves, they might later seek to have the case b. place your order with the waiter who comes to
dismissed on the grounds that they were not your table.
apprised of their Miranda rights when arrested. c. carry your own food to your table.
Therefore, officers must take care not to give sus- d. be asked out on a date by someone charming.
pects grounds for later claiming they believed them-
selves to be in custody. 4. The main purpose of the passage is to
a. profile the owner of Dilly’s Deli.
1. What is the main idea of the passage? b. describe the kind of food served at Dilly’s Deli.
a. Officers must remember to read suspects their c. encourage people to eat at Dilly’s Deli.
Miranda rights. d. explain the historical significance of the Dilly’s
b. Suspects sometimes mistakenly believe they Deli building.
are in custody when in fact they are only being
questioned. There are two types of diabetes, insulin-dependent
c. Officers who are merely questioning a suspect and non-insulin-dependent. Between 90 and 95% of
must not give the suspect the impression that the estimated 13 to 14 million people in the United
he or she is in custody. States with diabetes have non-insulin-dependent,
d. Miranda rights needn’t be read to all suspects or Type II, diabetes. Its symptoms often develop
before questioning. gradually and are hard to identify at first; therefore,
nearly half of all people with diabetes do not know
2. When must police officers read Miranda rights to they have it. This can be particularly dangerous,
a suspect? because untreated diabetes can cause damage to the
a. while questioning the suspect heart, blood vessels, eyes, kidneys, and nerves. While
b. while placing the suspect under arrest the causes, short-term effects, and treatments of
c. before taking the suspect to the police station Type I and Type II diabetes differ, both types can
d. before releasing the suspect cause the same long-term health problems.
Dilly’s Deli provides a dining experience like no

other! Recently relocated to the old market area,
Dilly’s is especially popular for lunch. At the counter,
you can place your order for one of Dilly’s three
daily lunch specials or one of several sandwiches, all
184
5. According to the passage, which of the following 8. According to the passage, why is preventing vio-
may be the most dangerous aspect of Type II lence against adolescents a two-fold challenge?
diabetes? a. because adolescents are as likely to be victims
a. Insulin shots are needed daily for treatment of of violent crime as members of other age
Type II diabetes. groups
b. In Type II diabetes, the pancreas does not b. because adolescents must be prevented from
produce insulin. both perpetrating and being victimized by
c. Type II diabetes interferes with digestion. violent crime
d. Persons with Type II diabetes may not know c. because adolescents must change both their
they have it, and will therefore not seek violent behavior and their attitudes towards
treatment. violence
d. because adolescents are vulnerable, yet reluc-
6. Which of the following are the same for Type I tant to listen to adult advice
and Type II diabetes?
a. treatments The camera shutter serves as a light valve. Opening
b. long-term health risks and closing within a certain time frame, it helps
c. short-term effects determine how much light will be exposed onto the
d. causes film. The numbers on the shutter speed dial indicate
fractions of a second. With the shutter speed, you
Because crimes against adolescents are likely to be can freeze motion by using a fast shutter speed. The
committed by offenders of the same age (as well as camera must be held steady while taking a picture,
same sex and race), preventing violence among and as movement will blur the photograph. The slower
against adolescents is a two-fold challenge. New the shutter speed, the more likely it is that you will
violence-prevention programs in urban middle have a problem with handheld shots. With an SLR
schools help reduce the crime rate, by teaching both camera, one can generally hand-hold the camera at
1
victims and perpetrators the skills of conflict reso- 30 second or faster.
lution and how to apply reason to disputes. Also,
they help to correct the attitude that respect may be 9. According to the passage, a fast shutter speed
achieved through violence and retaliation. a. freezes motion.
b. allows you to hold the camera at 310 second or
7. What is the main idea of the passage? faster.
a. Middle school violence-prevention programs c. serves as a light valve.
are designed to help lower the rate of crimes d. makes handheld shots difficult.
against adolescents.
b. Adolescents are more likely to commit crimes 10. According to the passage, the shutter works in
than older people and must therefore be conjunction with
taught nonviolence in order to protect society. a. time.
c. Middle school students appreciate the conflict b. space.
resolution skills they acquire in violence- c. dials.
prevention programs. d. demand.
d. Violence against adolescents is increasing.
185
11. Which of the following will result in a blurry weighs more than 50 pounds. If a container is too
picture? heavy, workers should attach one of the pre-printed
a. an SLR camera warning messages (which are carried in all trucks) to
b. a lot of light exposed onto the film the container, informing the household that the
c. a 610 -second shutter speed container weighs more than fifty pounds and cannot
d. a slow shutter speed be collected.
Some people argue that retribution is the purpose of 14. According to the passage, in order to determine
punishing a person convicted of a crime, and that if a container is too heavy, a sanitation worker
therefore the punishment must in some direct way should
fit the crime. Another view, the deterrence theory, a. carry a scale in their truck to weigh containers.
promotes punishment in order to discourage com- b. practice lifting 50 pounds at home to know
mission of future crimes. In this view, punishment what it feels like.
need not relate directly to the crime committed. c. assume any container he or she can lift weighs
However, punishment must necessarily be uniform less than 50 pounds.
and consistently applied, in order for the members d. use his or her best guess as to whether a con-
of the public to understand how they would be pun- tainer weighs more than 50 pounds.
ished if they committed a crime.
15. According to the passage, if a sanitation worker
12. The passage suggests that a person who believes believes that a container weighs more than fifty
that the death penalty results in fewer murders pounds, he or she should
most likely also believes in a. attach a pre-printed warning to the container
a. the deterrence theory. and leave it where it is.
b. the retribution theory. b. write a note to the household, informing them
c. giving judges considerable discretion in of the weight limit.
imposing sentences. c. collect it anyway, as the household probably
d. the integrity of the criminal justice system. did not know about the weight limit.
d. notify a special collections truck.
13. A person who believes in the deterrence theory
would probably also support
a. non-unanimous jury verdicts. Part 4: Mathematics
b. early release of prisoners because of prison Knowledge
overcrowding.
c. a broad definition of the insanity defense. Time: 24 minutes
d. allowing television broadcasts of court
proceedings. 1. –53 – 13 =
a. 43
The city ordinance reads, “Sanitation workers will b. –43
not collect garbage in containers weighing more c. 2
than fifty pounds.” Workers are expected to use their d. –2
best judgment in determining when a container
186
2. The volume of an object is measured in 8. On the number line below, point L is to be

a. inches. located halfway between points M and N. What
b. square units. number will correspond to point L?
c. cubic units.
M N
d. quadrants.
3. When calculating the area of a figure, you are a. –14

finding
b. –12
a. the distance around the object.
c. –114
b. the length of a side.
d. 0
c. the amount of space that the object covers.
d. the number of sides it has.
9. Which of the following statements is true?
a. Parallel lines intersect at right angles.
4. 12(84 – 5) – (3 × 54) =
b. Parallel lines never intersect.
a. 54,000
c. Perpendicular lines never intersect.
b. 841
d. Intersecting lines have two points in common.
c. 796
d. 786
10. A practice diving tank is 16 feet long, 12 feet
wide, and 14 feet deep. It is currently filled up to
5. Which of the following numbers is the smallest?
the 3-foot mark, and must get filled to the 12-
6
a. 10 foot line in order for a class to practice their first
8
b. 15
dive. How many cubic feet of water must be
33

added to the pool in order to fill it so that the
c. 60
water is 12 feet deep?
11
d.
20 a. 192 cubic feet
b. 1,728 cubic feet
6. Which of the following is equivalent to 42,549.23 c. 2,304 cubic feet
× 10–2? d. 2,688 cubic feet
a. 425.4923 × 10
b. 4,254,923 × 10 11. What is the next number in the following series?
c. 4.254923 × 104 3 16 6 12 12 8 _____
d. 4.254923 × 102 a. 4
b. 15
7. When measuring the area of a football field, you c. 20
would most likely use d. 24
a. square inches.
b. square millimeters. 12. Which number sentence is true?
c. square miles. a. 4.3 < 0.43
d. square yards. b. 0.43 < 0.043
c. 0.043 > 0.0043
d. 0.0043 > 0.043
187
13. What is the area of the triangle? 18. What is the area of the following figure?
a. 24 inches2 a. 19 square feet

b. 12 inches2 b. 20 square feet
c. 21 inches2 c. 24 square feet
d. 10.5 inches2 d. 38 square feet
14. If 2x + 6x = 4, what is x? 19. What is 715% of 465, rounded to the nearest
a. 1
2
tenth?
4
1
a. 32.5
b.
6 b. 33
c. 3 c. 33.5
d. 6 d. 34
15. Choose the answer to the following problem: 20. What kind of polygon is the following figure?
105 ÷ 102 =
a. 10
b. 103
c. 107 a. heptagon
d. 1010 b. octagon
c. hexagon
16. 3.16 ÷ 0.079 = d. pentagon
a. 0.025
b. 2.5 21. Which of the following is equivalent to 3k2 + 4k?
c. 4.0 a. 7k2
d. 40 b. 7k3
c. 3 × k × k + k × k × k × k
17. 21
8 is equal to
d. 3 × k × k + k + k + k + k
a. 21.8
b. 2.58
c. 2.6
d. 2.625
188
22. For which of the following values of x is this 25. What is the volume of liquid remaining in this
number sentence true: 25 – x < 10? cylinder?
a. 16
b. 15
c. 14
d. 13 10 cm
23. If $4.60 is decreased by 15%, what is the resulting

number?
a. $3.91 8 cm
b. $0.69 a. 64π cm3
c. $4.45 b. 80π cm3
d. $3.06 c. 96π cm3
d. 160π cm3
24. What is the decimal form of 56? (Round two deci-
mal places.)
a. 0.65
b. 0.88
c. 0.83
d. 0.13
189
Answers 5, so add 25 pounds to 110 pounds to get

135 pounds.
Part 1: Arithmetic Reasoning 9. c. The difference between 220 and this person’s
1. d. Don’t forget that there are two bows and two age is 190. The maximum heart rate is 90%
music stands, and remember to add the of this: (0.9)(190) = 171.
value of the watch and the sheet music. 10. a. The part of their goal that they have raised is
2. b. Convert all of the training times to minutes. $2,275 and the whole goal is $3,500. The
2.275
The total number of minutes she trains is fraction for this is
3,500 . The numerator and
900. Divided by 5, the average number of denominator can both be divided by 175 to
minutes trained per weekday is 180, which is get a simplified fraction of 1230 . They have
3 hours. completed 1230 of their goal, which means that
3. b. This is a two-step multiplication problem. To they have 270 left to go (2200 – 1230 = 270 ).
find out how many heartbeats there would 11. d. Percentage increase = (amount of
be in one hour, you must multiply 72 by 60 change)\(original amount)
(minutes) and then multiply this result, ■
(78 – 6)
=
72
6 6
4,320, by 6.5 hours. 72
■ = 12 = 1,200%
4. c. Let E = emergency room cost; H = hospice 6
cost, which is (14)E; N = home nursing cost, 12. a. The drug is 50% effective for 50% of
which is 2E, or 2(14)E. The total bill is E + H migraine sufferers, so it eliminates (0.50) ×
+ N, which is E + (14)E + (24)E, = 140,000. (0.50), or 0.25 of all migraines.
Add the left side of the equation to get 74E = 13. a. Compare 34, 35, 23, 25 by finding a common
140,000. To solve for E, multiply both sides denominator. The common denominator for
of the equation by (47); E = 140,000(47), or 3, 4, and 5 is 60. Multiply the numerator and
80,000; H = (14)E, or 20,000, and N = 2H, or denominator of a fraction by the same num-
40,000. ber so that the denominator becomes 60.
5. d. Multiply 112 by 10. Change 112 to an The fractions then become 4650 , 3660 , 4600 , and 2640 .
improper fraction (32) and make 10 into a The fraction with the largest numerator is
fraction by placing it over 1 (110 ); 32 × 110 = 320 the largest fraction; 4650 is the largest fraction.
= 15 feet. Each side is 15 feet long, so the It is equivalent to Joey’s fraction of 34.
dimensions are 15 ft by 15 ft. 14. a. Add the number of hours together using a
6. b. If half the students are female, then you common denominator of $60; 43600 + 34650 +
would expect half of the out-of-state stu- 81620 = 12600 = 16
107

60 , which is simplified to
dents to be female. One half of 112 is 214 . 174670 hours.
7. c. To find the discount, take 30% of $220: 0.30 15. d. Let E = the estimate. One-fifth more than the
× $220 = $66. Subtract that from the original estimate means 65 or 120% of E, so 600,000 =
price: $220 – $66 = $154. (1.20)(E). Dividing both sides by 1.2 leaves E
8. c. A foot in height makes a difference of 60 = 500,000.
pounds, or 5 pounds per inch of height over 16. a. 20% of 1,800, or (0.2)(1,800) = 360 calories
5. A person who is 55 is (5)(5 pounds), or allowed from fat. Since there are nine calo-
25 pounds, heavier than the person who is ries in each gram of fat, divide 360 by 9 to
find that 40 grams of fat are allowed.
190
17. d. Distance = rate × time. Kilometers = 90 × 5.5, 24. d. 2,200(0.07) = $154; $154 + 1,400(0.04) =
so the vehicle traveled 495 kilometers. Since $210; $210 + 3,100(0.08) = $458; $458 +
there are 1,000 meters in 1 kilometer, the $900(0.03) = $485.
vehicle traveled 495,000 meters. 25. d. 3w = water coming in; w = water going out;
18. a. First, find out how long the entire hike can 3w – w = 11,400, which means that w is
be, based on the rate at which the hikers are 5,700 and 3w is 17,100.
26. c. Four 18-wheelers can carry 4 × 80,000 =
using their supplies. If2 1 = all supplies and
320,000 pounds and one six-wheeler can
= 1x. Cross multiply
5
x = entire hike, then
3 carry another 30,000 pounds, which adds up
to get 25x = 3, so that x =
(3)(5)

1

2 , or 7 2 days for to 350,000 pounds.
the length of the entire hike. This means that 27. c. 84,720 troops multiplied by 4 square yards of
the hikers could go forward for 3.75 days cloth is 338,880 square yards of cloth required.
altogether before they would have to turn 28. b. 30 men multiplied by 42 square feet of space
around. They have already hiked for three is 1,260 square feet of space; 1,260 square
days, which leaves 0.75 for the amount of feet divided by 35 men is 36 square feet, so
each man will have 6 less square feet of space.
time they can now go forward before having
29. c. Let T = Ted’s age; S = Sam’s age = 3T; R =
to turn around.
Ron’s age = S2, or 32T. The sum of the ages is
19. c. Three tons is 6,000 pounds; 6,000 pounds
55, which means T + 3T + 32T = 55. Find the
multiplied by 16 ounces per pound is 96,000
common denominator (2) to add the left side
ounces. The total weight of each daily ration
of the equation; T = 10. If Ted is 10, then Sam
is 48 ounces. Ninety-six thousand divided by
is 30, and Ron is 32T, which is 15 years old.
48 is 2,000 troops supplied. Two thousand
30. b. The difference between 105 and 99 is 6
divided by 10 days is 200 troops supplied.
degrees. The temperature is lowered by half a
20. d. Twenty-six forms multiplied by 8 hours is
degree every six minutes, or 1 degree every
208 forms per day per clerk. Divide 5,600 by
12 minutes; 6 degrees multiplied by 12 min-
208 to get approximately 26.9, which means
utes per degree is 72 minutes, or 1 hour and
you have to hire 27 clerks for the day.
12 minutes.
21. a. The companies’ combined rate of travel is 50
miles per hour. 2,100 miles divided by 50
miles per hour is 42 hours.
1. d. Something that is erroneous is wrong
22. d. After dropping her 64, Laura’s regular test
(78 + 94 + 81 + 83) or faulty.
average is = 84. Since that
4 2. c. Something that is grotesque is distorted, mis-
counts equally with her final exam score of
shapen, or hideous.
90, Laura’s final average is determined by
3. c. To be outmoded is to be out-of-date or
averaging 84 and 90, which is 87.
obsolete.
23. b. M = 3N; 3N + N = 24, so that N = 6. Since
4. b. A statement that is garbled is scrambled and
M = 3N, M = 18. If Nick catches up to Mike’s
confusing, or unintelligible.
typing speed, then both M and N will equal
5. a. Something that is rigorous is strict or
18, and then the combined rate will be 36
demanding.
pages per hour.
191
6. d. A thing that is flagrant is conspicuous 30. d. A countenance is a person’s attitude, way, or

or glaring. expression.
7. c. An oration is a formal speech or an address. 31. a. An aperture is a hole or an opening.
8. d. When something is done obstinately, it is 32. a. A surrogate is a substitute or a replacement.
done in a refractory manner or stubbornly. 33. d. A paradigm is a pattern or an example.
9. b. A glib remark is a quick and insincere, or 34. b. A mélange is a combination or a mix.
superficial, one. 35. a. Someone who displays bravado shows
10. b. When someone has composure, that person courage or boldness.
has self-possession or poise.
11. c. To be eccentric is to be unconventional Part 3: Paragraph
or peculiar. Comprehension
12. a. If something is commendable it is praisewor- 1. a. While choices b and c are true, they are not
thy or admirable. the main idea. Choice d is contradicted in
13. d. To be oblivious of something is to be unaware the last sentence.
or ignorant of it. 2. b. See the first sentence of the passage.
14. d. An act of philanthropy is an act of charity 3. c. This is the only one of the choices that is
or generosity. stated in the passage (in the third and fourth
15. b. To be ostentatious is to be showy or sentences). Choices a and d are not stated
pretentious. in the passage. Choice b is contradicted by
16. a. To be passive is to be compliant and accept- the passage.
ing, or resigned. 4. c. The whole tone of the passage is complimen-
17. c. When something is in proximity to some- tary to Dilly’s. Choices a and d are not men-
thing else, it is close to or in nearness to it. tioned in the passage. Although choice b is
18. a. To be negligible is to be unimportant mentioned, it is not the main point.
or insignificant. 5. d. The passage mentions that the symptoms of
19. d. A rational judgment is a logical or sound one. Type II diabetes may occur gradually and
20. b. To be vigilant is to be watchful or alert. thus be attributed to other causes. Left
21. d. Novel is something that has never been done untreated, diabetes can cause damage to sev-
before or that is new. eral major organs in the body.
22. b. To procure something is to acquire it. 6. b. According to the passage, only the long-term
23. c. Commensurate means equal to or health problems are the same for these two
proportionate. different disorders.
24. b. Converse is contrary or opposite. 7. a. None of the other choices is mentioned in
25. c. When something is evocative, it is reminis- the passage.
cent or suggestive of something else. 8. b. This idea is explicitly stated in the first
26. d. A harbinger is a predecessor or a forerunner. sentence.
27. a. An amulet is a talisman or a charm. 9. a. The fourth sentence of the passage supports
28. a. Someone who is a pundit is an authority or this choice.
an expert. 10. a. The second sentence in the passage states that
29. c. A queue is a row or a line. the camera shutter opens and closes within a
192
certain time frame. Therefore, a shutter 10. b. The volume needed to fill the pool 9 more
works in conjunction with time. feet deep (it’s already filled to 3 feet) is 16 ×
11. d. The fifth and sixth sentences explain that a 12 × 9 = 1,728 cubic feet.
slow shutter speed will cause a picture to be 11. d. This series actually has two alternating sets of
blurry. numbers. The first number is doubled, giv-
12. a. This can be deduced from the second sen- ing the third number. The second number
tence of the passage. has 4 subtracted from it, giving the fourth
13. d. The last sentence notes that the deterrence number. Therefore, the blank space will be
theory has the effect of teaching not only 12 doubled, or 24.
criminals, but also the public. 12. c. The farther to the right the digits go, the
14. d. Although the other options are not pre- smaller the number.
cluded by the passage, the passage only 13. d. Area = 12(base × height) = 12(7 × 3) = 10.5
requires workers to make an educated guess (the height must always be at a 90° angle to
as to the weight of the container. the base).
15. a. See the third sentence of the passage. 14. d. To add the left side of the equation, find the
common denominator, so that 36x + 6x = 4;
4x
Part 4: Mathematics Knowledge = 4; and 4x = 24.
6
1. d. Subtract to get –63, which reduces to –2. 15. b. In a division problem like this, leave the
2. c. Since volume contains three dimensions— whole number the same and subtract
length, width, and height—it’s measured in the exponents.
cubic units. 16. d. Create a division problem without decimals
3. c. The area of a figure is the amount of space by moving the decimal point three places to
the object covers, in square units. the right: 3,160 divided by 79 is 40.
4. d. Perform the operations in the parentheses 17. d. Perform long division out to the thousandths
first: (12)(79) – 162 = 786. place to get 2.625.
5. b. Fractions must be converted to the lowest 18. b. Find the area of two rectangles and then add
common denominator, which allows you to the results. Use an imaginary line to block off
compare the amounts: 3660 , 3620 , 3630 , and 3630 . the first rectangle at the top of the figure.
6. d. 42,549.23 × 10–2 = 425.4923 (move the deci- This rectangle measures (5 feet)(2 feet) = 10
mal twice to the left because of the –2 square feet. The second rectangle is also
power). Then, 425.4923 can be written as (5 feet)(2 feet). Add the two together for a
4.254923 × 102. total of 20 square feet.
7. d. A football field would most likely be meas- 19. c. First, change the percent to a decimal:
ured in square yards. Square inches and (.072) × (465) = 33.48, which rounded to the
square millimeters are too small, and square nearest tenth is 33.5.
miles are too large. 20. a. A heptagon has seven sides.
8. a. The halfway point on the number line is 21. d. 3k2 = 3 × k × k and 4k = k + k + k + k
between 0 and –12, which is –14. 22. a. 25 – 16 = 9, which is the only choice that
9. b. Corresponding points on parallel lines are leaves you with a number less than 10.
always the same distance apart, so the lines
can never intersect.
193
23. a. Find 15% of $4.60: 0.15 × 4.60 = 0.69. Next, 25. c. The volume of a cylinder equals πr2h, where
subtract 0.69 from 4.60 to get the decreased r is the radius of the cylinder and h is the
price. height. The radius is half the diameter, so the
24. c. Divide 5 by 6 to convert the fraction into a radius of this cylinder is 4 cm. The height of
decimal; 5 ÷ 6 = 0.8333. Round two decimal the volume is 10 – 4 = 6 (the height of the
places to get 0.83. whole cylinder minus the height of space in
which the liquid has been poured out). So
the volume is π(4)2(6), or π(16)(6) =
96π cm3.
Scoring
Write your raw score (the number you got right) for each test in the blanks below. Then, turn to Chapter 3 to
find out how to convert these raw scores into the scores the armed services use.

Here are the steps you should take, depending on ■ If your AFQT is 29–31, be sure to focus on your
your AFQT score on this practice test: weakest subjects in the review lessons and prac-
tice questions found in this book.
■ If your AFQT is below 29, you need more help in ■ If your AFQT is above 31, review areas that give
reading and/or math. You should spend plenty of you trouble, if any. Then, take the official exam
time reviewing the lessons and practice questions with confidence, knowing you are well prepared.
found in this book.
194
– NOTES –
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– NOTES –
– NOTES –
– NOTES –
– NOTES –
– NOTES –
– NOTES –
– NOTES –

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6526_ASVABCore_3e(FIN).

qx 11/14/08 4:50 PM Page i

Copyright © 2009 LearningExpress, LLC.

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

978-1-57685-666-6 (pbk. : alk. paper)

Printed in the United States of America

Regarding the Information in this Book

CHAPTER 1 What Is the ASVAB Core? 1

CHAPTER 2 Getting Into the Military 7

CHAPTER 3 The Score You Need to Enlist 15

CHAPTER 4 The LearningExpress Test Preparation System 21

CHAPTER 5 Practice ASVAB Core Test 1 37

CHAPTER 6 Math Review 61

CHAPTER 7 Math Practice 101

CHAPTER 8 Word Knowledge Review 111

CHAPTER 9 Word Knowledge Practice 121

CHAPTER 10 Paragraph Comprehension Review 129

CHAPTER 11 Reading Practice 139

CHAPTER 12 Practice ASVAB Core Test 2 151

CHAPTER 13 Practice ASVAB Core Test 3 173

– WHAT IS THE ASVAB CORE? –

NUMBER OF ITEMS AND TESTING TIME FOR THE ASVAB

General Science (GS) 25 11

Arithmetic Reasoning (AR) 30 36

Word Knowledge (WK) 35 11

Paragraph Comprehension (PC) 15 13

Mathematics Knowledge (MK) 25 24

Electronics Information (El) 20 9

Auto and Shop Information (AS) 25 11

Mechanical Comprehension (MC) 25 19

Assembling Objects (AO) 25 15

Total 225 items 149 minutes

The Four ASVAB Core Subtests Part 2: Word Knowledge

– WHAT IS THE ASVAB CORE? –

■ Literal comprehension: your ability to identify About the CAT-ASVAB

– WHAT IS THE ASVAB CORE? –

NUMBER OF ITEMS AND TESTING TIME FOR THE CAT-ASVAB

General Science (GS) 16 8

Arithmetic Reasoning (AR) 16 39

Word Knowledge (WK) 16 8

Paragraph Comprehension (PC) 11 22

Mathematics Knowledge (MK) 16 18

Electronics Information (EI) 16 8

Auto Information (AI) 11 6

Shop Information (SI) 11 5

Mechanical Comprehension (MC) 16 20

Assembling Objects (AO) 16 12

Total 145 items 146 minutes

Arranging to Take the ASVAB What the ASVAB Means

– WHAT IS THE ASVAB CORE? –

Basic Requirements questions as you want and to get a detailed picture of

– GETTING INTO THE MILITARY –

EFFECTIVE 1 JANUARY 2008

MONTHLY BASIC PAY TABLE

The 2008 Military Pay Chart

– GETTING INTO THE MILITARY –

EFFECTIVE 1 JANUARY 2008

MONTHLY BASIC PAY TABLE

THE 2008 MILITARY PAY CHART (CONTINUED)

– GETTING INTO THE MILITARY –

VE score _ 2= _