ST. ANTHONY COLLEGE OF ROXAS CITY, INC.

San Roque Extension, Roxas City

Tel. No. (036) 6210-434/431 telefax: (036) 6214-185
Website: http://sach.dcphilippines.org
Email add: [email protected]

DIAGNOSTIC EXAMINATION: ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY

December 15, 2018

NAME: ______________________________________ YEAR LEVEL: ______________

Directions:
1.) This TEST PAPER can be used as your scratch. You can write anything here.
2.) A separate answer sheet will be provided.
3.) Shade your final answer using a Mongol 2 Pencil in the provided ANSWER SHEET.
4.) NO ERASURES ALLOWED IN THE ANSWER SHEET.
5.) Carefully listen to the instructions for the filling up of the ANSWER SHEET.

A. OXYGENATION AND MOBILITY

1. The purpose of the cilia is to: 7. The maximum volume of air that can be inhaled after
a. Produce mucus a normal inhalation is known as:
b. Phagocytize bacteria a. Inspiratory reserve volume
c. Contract smooth muscle b. Expiratory reserve volume
d. Move the mucus back to the nasopharynxx c. Tidal volume
d. Residual volume
2. These pertain to the structures that open into the nasal 8. What do you call the total amount of air that move
cavity that reduce the weight of the skull, and which into and out of the respiratory system each minute?
influence the quality of voice by acting as resonating a. Respiratory rate
chambers: b. Minute ventilation
a. Conchae c. Functional residual capacity
b. Paranasal sinuses d. Inspiratory capacity
c. Nasolacrimal ducts
d. Pharyngeal tonsils 9. Gas exchange between blood and air does not occur in
other areas of the respiratory system like the
3. The lungs are enclosed in a serous membrane called: bronchioles, bronchi, and trachea. These are often
a. Diaphragm called the:
b. Mediastinum a. Inactive area
c. Pleura b. Gaseous space
d. Xiphoid process c. Dead space
d. Pleural space
4. The left lung, in contrast to the right lung has:
a. One less lobe 10. Blood pH is affected by the carbon dioxide we intake.
b. One more lobe The nurse knows that as the level of carbon dioxide in
c. The same number of lobes the blood increases, the blood pH:
d. Two more lobes a. Increases
b. Decreases
5. The divisions of the lung lobe proceed in the c. Remains the same
following order, beginning at the mainstem bronchi: d. May increase or decrease depending on the
a. Lobar brinchi, bronchioles, segemented amount of surfactant
bronchi, subsequent bronchi
b. Segmented bronchi, subsegmented bronchi, 11. Mang Kiko, 40 years old usually exercise in the early
lobar bronchi, bronchioles morning. Sometimes he becomes almost short of
c. Lobar bronchi, segmented bronchi, breath due to intensive physical activities. As a nurse,
subsegmented bronchi, bronchioles you know that the highest level of exercise that can be
d. Subsegmented bronchi, lower bronchi, performed without a siginificant change in blood pH
bronchioles, segmented bronchi is known as:
a. Aerobic threshold
6. The nurse knows that the alveolar cells that secrete b. Anaerobic threshold
surfactant are the: c. Ventilation-pH ratio
a. Type I cells d. Exercise threshold
b. Type II cells
c. Type II cells
d. Type I and type II cells
Diagnostic Exam: AnaPhysio #jbmendezMD
Dec2018
12. The exchange of gases across the respiratory 21. There are 26 bones composing the vertebral column.
membrane is influenced by which of the following Which of the following is the correct breakdown of
factor (s)? these bones?
a. Thickness of the respiratory membrane a. 8 cervical bones, 11 thoracic bones, 5
b. Total surface area of the membrane lumbar bones, 1 sacral bone, and 1 coccygeal
c. Partial pressure of gases in the membrane bone
d. All of the above b. 7 cervical bones, 11 thoracic bones, 6
lumbar bones, 1 sacral bone, and 1 coccygeal
13. A patient exhibits cyanosis when how much bone
hemoglobin is unoxygenated? c. 7 cervical bones, 12 thoracic bones, 5
a. 0.77 g/dL lumbar bones, 1 sacral bone, and 1 coccygeal
b. 2.3 g/dL bone
c. 15.0 g/dL d. 8 cervical bones, 10 thoracic bones, 6
d. 5.0 g/dL lumbar bones, 1 sacral bone, and 1 coccygeal
bone
14. The nurse inspect the thorax of a patient with
advanced emphysema. The nurse expects chest 22. Which of the following is not a part of the sternum?
configuration change consistent with a deofrmity a. Manubrium
known as: b. Body
a. Barrel chest c. Tip
b. Funnel chest d. Xiphoid process
c. Pigeon chest
d. Kyphoscoliosis 23. The human body has a total of 12 pairs of ribs. What
do you call for the 11th and 12th ribs?
15. The basic cells responsible only for the formation a. True ribs
ofbone matrix are the: b. False ribs
a. Osteoblasts c. Floating ribs
b. Osteoclasts d. Last-pair ribs
c. Osteocytes
d. All of the above 24. Skeletal structures provide important landmarks for
health professionals. For instance, Nurse Ricky knows
16. The vertebrae can be classified as an example of: that the heart lies between:
a. Flat bone a. 2nd and 3rd ribs
b. Irregular bone b. 3rd and 4th ribs
c. Long bone c. 5th and 6th ribs
d. Short bone d. 7th and 8th ribs

17. The sternum, a bone that is a site for hematopoiesis is 25. An articulation or joint is a place where two bones
classified as a: come together. They also allow for movement. How
a. Flat bone do you call for those non-movable joints?
b. Irregular bone a. Synarthrosis
c. Long bone b. Ampiarthrosis
d. Short bone c. Diarthrosis
d. Synthesis
18. The nurse knows that the site of blood formation in
the body of adults is whcih of the following? 26. The hip and shoulder are examples of diarthroses that
a. Yellow marrow are classified as:
b. Red marrow a. Ball and socket joints
c. Bone marrow b. Hinges joints
d. Periosteum c. Pivot joints
d. Saddle joints
19. Which of the following pertains to the removal of
existing bone by osteoclasts and the deposition of new 27. The primary energy source for muscle cells is:
bone by osteoblasts? a. Creatinine kinase
a. Bone ossification b. Adenosisne triphosphate (ATP)
b. Bone repair c. Glucose
c. Bone remodeling d. Glycogen
d. Bone growth
28. This refers to the ability of the muscles to recoil to
20. Which of these hormones decrease the blood calcium their originakl resting length after hey have been
level when the level is too high so that homeostasis is stretched.
maintained? a. Contractility
a. Parathyroid hormone b. Excitability
b. Calcitonin c. Extensibility
c. Growth hormone d. Elasticity
d. Vitmanin D

Diagnostic Exam: AnaPhysio #jbmendezMD

Dec2018
29. This is known as the kissing muscle that allows one to 7. When action potentials originate in an area of the
pucker his mouth. heart other than the SA node, the result is termed as:
a. Orbicularis oculi a. Non-SA node beat
b. Orbicularis oris b. Outside action potential
c. Buccinator c. Ectopic beat
d. Zygomaticus d. External beat

30. This muscle of the upper limb is considered the 8. The first heart sound is generated by the:
primary extensor of the elbow: a. Closure of the aortic valve
a. Latissimus dorsi b. Closure of the atrioventricular valves
b. Deltoid c. Opening of the atrioventricular valves
c. Triceps brachii d. Opening of the pulmonic valve
d. Biceps brachii
9. Heart rate is stimulated by all of the following except:
B. CARDIOVASCULAR AND HEMATOLOGY a. Excess thyroid hormone
SYSTEMS b. Increased levels of circulating
catecholamines
1. The nurse who is caring for a patient with pericarditis c. The vagus nerve
understands that there is inflammation involving the: d. The sympathetic nervous system
a. Thin fibrous sac encasing the heart
b. Inner lining of the heart and valves 10. The volume of blood pumped by either ventricle of
c. Heart’s muscle fibers the heart each minute is known as:
d. Exterior layer of the heart a. Stroke volume
b. Cardiac output
2. The point of maximum impulse (PMI) is an important c. Heart rate
landmark in the cardiac exam. Which statement best d. Venous return
describes the location of the PMI in the healthy adult?
a. Base of the heart, 5th intercostal space, 7-9 11. Stroke volume of the heart is determined by:
cm to the left of the midsternal line a. The degree of cardiac muscle strength
b. Base of the heart, 7th intercostal space, 7-9 b. The intrinsic contractility of the cardiac
cm to the left of the midsternal line muscle
c. Apex of the heart, 5th intercostal space, 7-9 c. The pressure gradient against which the
cm to the left of the midsternal line muscle ejects blood during contraction
d. Apex of the heart, 7th intercostal space, 7-9 d. All of the above factors
cm to the left of the midsternal line

3. Among the four chambers of the heart, which of them 12. Which of the following is not part of the intrinsic
has the thickest wall as it generates the highest regulatory mechanism of the heart in maintaining
pressure in order to pump bloodto the different parts homeostasis?
of the body? a. Venous return
a. Right ventricle b. Afterload
b. Right atrium c. Sympathetic nervous system
c. Left atrium d. Preload
d. Left ventricle

4. Which of the following is incorrectly matched? 13. The difference between the systolic and diastolic
a. AV valve: mitral valve pressure is known as the:
b. Semilunar valve: pulmonic valve a. Auscultatory gap
c. Aorta: oxygenated blood b. Korotkoff sound
d. Pulmonary vein: unoxygenated blood c. Pulse pressure
d. Pulse deficit

5. So that blood may flow from the right ventricle to the 14. The nurse takes a baseline blood pressure
pulmonary artery, which of the following conditions is measurement after the patient has rested for 10
not required? minutes in a supine position. The reading that
a. The AV valves must be closed refelects a reduced puls pressure is:
b. The pulmonic valve must be open a. 140/90 mmHg
c. Right ventricular pressure must be less than b. 140/100 mmHg
the pulmonary arterial pressure c. 140/120 mmHg
d. Right ventricular pressure must rise with d. 140/110 mmHg
systole

6. The pacemaker of the entire myocardium is known as 15. If the sphygmomanometer cuff is too small for the
the: patient, the blood pressure reading will probably be:
a. Atrioventricular junction a. Falsely elevated
b. Bundle of His b. Falsely decreased
c. Sinoatrial node c. An accurate reading
d. Purkinje fibers d. Lower than expected

Diagnostic Exam: AnaPhysio #jbmendezMD

Dec2018
16. This is known as the innermost layer of the blood 25. This pertains to the introduction of fluids other than
vessels composed of simple squamous epethilial cells. blood, such as saline or glucose solutions into the
a. Tunica media blood.
b. Tunica intima a. Transfusion
c. Tunica externa b. Solution
d. Tunica adventitia c. Infusion
d. Combination
17. This is where exhange occurs between the blood and
tissue fluid occurs: 26. This is commonly referred to as the universal donor
a. Arteries blood.
b. Veins a. Type A
c. Capillaries b. Type B
d. Tunica media c. Type AB
d. Type O
18. An elderly presents to the physician’s office with a
complaint of exhaustion. The nurse, aware of the most 27. It is important as well to know the Rh compatibility of
common hematologic condition affecting the elderly the drug aside from the customary ABO typing. For
knows to check the patient’s: one, this has a significant importance in determining
a. WBC count which condition?
b. RBC count a. Anemia
c. Thrombocyte count b. Hemolytic disease of the newborn
d. Plasma proteins level c. Dengue
d. Polycythemia vera
19. Which of the following does not bellong to the group?
a. Angiotensin 28. In a differential WBC count, the nurse knows that
b. Vasopressin which is elevated during a viral infection?
c. Renin a. Basophils
d. Aldosterone b. Neutrophils
c. Lymphocytes
20. What is the hormone realeased by the right atrium in d. Eosinophils
response to elevated blood pressure?
a. Angiotensin 29. When a sample blood was tested, it agglutinates with
b. Atrial natriuretic hormone a type A antibody but not on type B antibody. What is
c. Catecholamines the blood type of the sample?
d. Aldosterone a. Type A
b. Type B
21. All of the following are correct statements about the c. Type AB
human blood and physiology except: d. Type O
a. The blood is composed of plasma and
formed elements. 30. There’s a blood condition characterized by an
b. Blood makes up about 15% of total body increased number of white blood cells but are noit
weight. functioning properly. This is known as:
c. Plasma is slightly more than the formed a. Leukocytosis
elements. b. Luekopenia
d. Red blood cells is one of the formed c. Leukemia
elements d. Thrombocytosis

22. Which of the following is incorrectly matched? C. GASTROINTESTINAL AND HEPATOBILIARY

a. RBC : erythrocyte SYSTEMS
b. WBC: leukocytes 1. Once food has been placed in the mouth, both
c. Platelets: thrombocytes mechanical and chemical digestions begin. The six
d. Lymphocytes: monocytes activities of the digestive process are:
a. Ingestion, mastication, digestion, deglutition,
23. Formation of platelet plugs is an important absorption, egestion
mechanism in preventing blood loss. The following b. Ingestion, mastication, deglutition, digestion,
are processes under this except for one: absorption, egestion
a. Platelet aggregation c. Deglutition, ingestion, mastication, egestion,
b. Platelet coagulation absorption, defecation
c. Platelet adhesion d. Ingestion, digestion, mastication, deglutition,
d. Platelet release reaction absorption, defecation

24. Which does not belong to the group? 2. Among the salivary glands we have, which of the
a. Heparin following is the largest and the common site for
b. Vitamin K neoplasm?
c. Antithrombin a. Parotid gland
d. Fibrin b. Submandibular gland
c. Sublingual gland
d. Buccal gland

Diagnostic Exam: AnaPhysio #jbmendezMD

Dec2018
3. Reflux of food into the esophagus from the stomach is d. Duodenum
prevented by contraction of the: 12. During the initial assessment of patient complaining
a. Ampulla of Vater of increased stomach acid related to stress, the nurse
b. Cardiac sphincter knows that the physician will want to consider the
c. Ileocecal valve influence of which neuroregulator?
d. Pyloric sphincter a. Gastrin
b. Norepinephrine
4. The digestion of starches begin in the mouth with the c. Cholecystokinin
secretion of which enzyme? d. Secretin
a. Lipase
b. Pepsin 13. While palpating a female client’s right upper quadrant
c. Ptyalin (RUQ), the nurse would expect to find which of the
d. Trypsin following structures?
a. Sigmoid colon
5. Intrinsic factor is a gastric secretion that is necessary b. Appendix
for theintestinal absorption of the vitamin that c. Spleen
d. Liver
prevents pernicious anemia, which is:
a. Vitamin B1
b. Vitamin B12 14. Mr. Lim verbalized pain on the right iliac region.
c. Vitamin C Nurse Dorina knows that the organ affected would be
d. Vitamin K the:
a. Liver
6. The major carbohydrate that our body tissues use for b. Appendix
c. Sigmoid colon
fuel is:
d. Duodenum
a. Fructose
b. Galactose 15. The alcoholic client asks the nurse about the
c. Glucose importance of his liver. Which of the following is not
d. Sucrose true regarding liver physiology?
a. Bile production
The alimentary canal is a continuous, coiled, hollow b. Storage of glycogen
7.
c. Conversion of conjugated bilirubin to
muscular tube that winds through the ventral cavity
unconjugated form
and is open at both ends. Its solid organs include all of d. Production of vitamin K dependent clotting
the following except: factors
a. Liver
b. Stomach 16. Gallbladder is a sac like organ located on the inferior
c. Gall bladder surface of the liver. Nurse Craig is aware that the
gallbladder’s primary purpose is to:
d. Pancreas
a. Metabolize bilirubin
b. Store and concentrate bile
8. What is the estimated capacity of an adult stomach? c. Store fat soluble vitamins
a. 1200 mL d. Produce bile
b. 1500 mL
c. 2000 mL 17. Bile which emulsifies fats, enters the duodenum
d. 4000 mL through the:
a. Cystic duct
9. An enzyme secreted by the gallbladder that is b. Common bile duct
responsible for fat emulsification is: c. Pancreatic duct
a. Amylase d. Common hepatic duct
b. Bile
c. Maltase 18. During the session, a client asks Nurse Craig if she
d. Trypsin can live without her gallbladder. In order to respond to
this client, Nurse Craig must have which
10. The nurse knows that the longest part of the understanding of the hepatobiliary system?
gastrointestinal tract, accounting for about 2/3 of its a. The liver produces about 1000mL if bile per
total length is: day
a. Esophagus b. The liver concentrates bile more than 10 times
b. Colonic musculature c. The gallbladder makes about 90 ml bile/day
c. Small intestine d. The gallbladder dilutes and releases bile
d. Large intestine
19. The liver synthesizes prothrombin only if there’s
11. Pancreatic juices and bile exits the Sphincter of Oddi enough:
to aid in the digestion of food in the: a. Vitamin A
a. Ileum b. Vitamin D
b. Cecum c. Vitamin B12
c. Jejunum d. Vitamin K

Diagnostic Exam: AnaPhysio #jbmendezMD

Dec2018
20. Which of the following is not a function of the liver? 29. Shion, during the examination suddenly felt the urge
a. Glucose metabolism to defecate. He is still in the middle of the
b. Vitamin and iron storage examination and once you leave the room, you need to
c. Bile production and concentration submit your paper. Knowing that he can control the
d. Fat metabolism fecal passage, he was able to finish the exam. The
nurse knows that external anal sphincter is under the
21. When there’s a need for further source of energy, new voluntary control of which of the following?
glucose are made out of carbohydrates and proteins in a. Sympathetic nervous system
a process known as: b. Corticospinal tract
a. Glycogenolysis c. Cerebellum
b. Gluconeogenesis d. Cerebral cortex
c. Lipolysis
d. Protein metabolism 30. There are certain food and medications that can alter
the color and consistency of the stool. Which one can
22. All of the following hormones and substances cause a light yellow color stool?
increases the blood glucose level except: a. Bismuth
a. Epinephrine b. Red meat
b. Glucagon c. Senna
c. Growth hormone d. Carrots
d. Somatostatin

23. The obstruction of bile flow due to cholelithiasis can A dream doesn't become reality through
interfere with the absorption of: magic; it takes sweat, determination and hard
a. Vitamin A work.
b. Vitamin B12
c. Vitamin B6 Colin Powell
d. Vitamin C

24. What hormone promotes the storage and utilization of

food primarily glucose and fats? GOD BLESS FUTURE
a. Glucagon VINCENTIAN ANTHONIAN NURSES!
b. Thyroxine
c. Secretin
d. Insulin

25. Hepatocellular dysfunction results in all of the

following except:
a. Decreased serum albumin
b. Decreased serum bilirubin
c. Increased blood ammonia levels
d. Increased levels of urea –

26. Pancreatic secretions into the duodenum:

a. Are stimulated by hormones released in the
presence of chyme as it passes thorugh the
duodenum
b. Have an alkaline effect on intestinal contents
c. Increase the pH of the food contentc
d. Accomplish all of the above

27. It usually takes how long for food to enter the colon?
a. 1 to 3 hours after a meal is taken
b. 4 to 5 hours after a meal is taken
c. 6 to 7 hours after a meal is taken
d. 8 to 9 hours after a meal is taken

28. The nurse has a knowledge that a portion of the

digested waste products can remain in the rectum for
how many days after a meal is digested?
a. 1 day
b. 2 days
c. 3 days
d. 4 days

Diagnostic Exam: AnaPhysio #jbmendezMD

Dec2018