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    Organic Chemistry Exp.3

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    Aws Saraj
    The document discusses the process of crystallization for purifying substances. It explains that crystallization involves dissolving an impure substance in a hot solvent, then cooling the solution so that the pure substance crystallizes out. Impurities remain dissolved in the leftover mother liquor. Specifically, it describes an experiment where benzoic acid is purified via crystallization by dissolving impure samples in hot water, then filtering as the solution cools to obtain purified benzoic acid crystals.

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    Organic Chemistry Exp.3

    Uploaded by

    Aws Saraj
    21 views3 pages
    The document discusses the process of crystallization for purifying substances. It explains that crystallization involves dissolving an impure substance in a hot solvent, then cooling the solution so that the pure substance crystallizes out. Impurities remain dissolved in the leftover mother liquor. Specifically, it describes an experiment where benzoic acid is purified via crystallization by dissolving impure samples in hot water, then filtering as the solution cools to obtain purified benzoic acid crystals.

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    organic chemistry lab

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    The document discusses the process of crystallization for purifying substances. It explains that crystallization involves dissolving an impure substance in a hot solvent, then cooling the solution so that the pure substance crystallizes out. Impurities remain dissolved in the leftover mother liquor. Specifically, it describes an experiment where benzoic acid is purified via crystallization by dissolving impure samples in hot water, then filtering as the solution cools to obtain purified benzoic acid crystals.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    21 views3 pages

    Organic Chemistry Exp.3

    Uploaded by

    Aws Saraj
    The document discusses the process of crystallization for purifying substances. It explains that crystallization involves dissolving an impure substance in a hot solvent, then cooling the solution so that the pure substance crystallizes out. Impurities remain dissolved in the leftover mother liquor. Specifically, it describes an experiment where benzoic acid is purified via crystallization by dissolving impure samples in hot water, then filtering as the solution cools to obtain purified benzoic acid crystals.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    of 3

    Theory:-

    The chemicals used for various purposes should be pure, completely free
    from any type of impurities. Method of purification of a substance depends
    upon the nature of impurities present in it. There are various methods for the
    purification of substances, e.g., filtration, evaporation, decantation,
    distillation, and crystallization. Crystallization is one of the very important
    purification techniques, purifying substances by removing unwanted by-
    products. Crystalline compounds are generally purified via this crystallization
    process.
    The principle behind the crystallization is that the amount of solute that can
    be dissolved by a solvent increases with temperature.
    In crystallization, the impure substance is dissolved in a suitable solvent to
    reach its nearly saturated solution at a temperature higher than the room
    temperature. At this high temperature, the solute has very high solubility in
    that solvent, so a much smaller quantity of hot solvent is needed for
    dissolving the solute than the solvent at room temperature. When the
    solution is cooled, the pure substance is crystallized. The solution left behind
    is called mother liquor. All the impurities are left behind in the mother liquor.
    The purification method depends on the differences in solubility between the
    compound and the impurity.

    Tools:-
    1. Beaker 2. Bunsen burner
    3. Clamp holder 4. Wire gauze 5. Funnel

    6. Conical flask 7. Filter paper 8. Benzoic acid

    9. Water
    Experimental:-
    1. Measure 25 mL of water into the graduated cylinder and add 0.5g impure
    benzoic acid and mix it with water in a beaker and heat it until reach gentle boil.
    2. put filter paper on the head of funnel and put the funnel on conical flask after
    that we empty the mixture into funnel for filtration the colour of benzoic acid will
    change from black to white in conical flask.
    3. we wait the mixture to cool for few minutes after that we filter the mixture again
    the pure benzoic acid will stay in filtration paper.
    4. we wait the pure benzoic acid after that we measure the weight of benzoic acid
    and do the calculations

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