The document provides instructions for several science experiments and safety rules for conducting experiments. It describes how to do experiments such as making a homemade lava lamp, testing if eggs float in salt water, and using red cabbage juice as a pH indicator. The instructions are accompanied by questions and explanations of the science behind each experiment. Safety rules require adult supervision, use of protective gear, and cleaning up after experiments.
The document provides instructions for several science experiments and safety rules for conducting experiments. It describes how to do experiments such as making a homemade lava lamp, testing if eggs float in salt water, and using red cabbage juice as a pH indicator. The instructions are accompanied by questions and explanations of the science behind each experiment. Safety rules require adult supervision, use of protective gear, and cleaning up after experiments.
The document provides instructions for several science experiments and safety rules for conducting experiments. It describes how to do experiments such as making a homemade lava lamp, testing if eggs float in salt water, and using red cabbage juice as a pH indicator. The instructions are accompanied by questions and explanations of the science behind each experiment. Safety rules require adult supervision, use of protective gear, and cleaning up after experiments.
The document provides instructions for several science experiments and safety rules for conducting experiments. It describes how to do experiments such as making a homemade lava lamp, testing if eggs float in salt water, and using red cabbage juice as a pH indicator. The instructions are accompanied by questions and explanations of the science behind each experiment. Safety rules require adult supervision, use of protective gear, and cleaning up after experiments.
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TY Science
2015 4 Reaney Rules of safe science
We hope you enjoyed our science demonstrations. This booklet contains the instructions on how to do these experiments. The following rules must be followed when carrying out these experiments.
1. All experiments must be carried out under the direct
supervision of an adult 2. Safety clothing, lab coat, goggles and gloves must be worn at all times 3. The instructions of the adult must be followed 4. Tie up long hair 5. Do not eat or drink any of the substances 6. Tidy up and put all objects/substances away after you are finished the experiment 7. Wash your hands when you have tidied up.
Safe science = Good science = Fun science
Floating egg experiment
Equipment:
For the Salt Water Egg experiment you will need the following materials:
Table salt Two containers Tablespoon Tap water Two raw eggs
Procedure:
1. Fill the two containers with tap water.
2. Add about 6 tablespoons of salt in one container and stir it well with a tablespoon until the salt has completely dissolved in the water. 3. Place one egg in each of the containers and observe which one of the eggs float in the container and which one sinks.
Questions: Why didnt the egg float on the first trial? Why did the egg float on the second trial?
The Sciencey bit:
Salt water is denser than ordinary tap water. The denser the liquid, the easier it is for an object to float in it. Therefore, this is why the egg floats in the salt water and doesnt float in normal tap water. Homemade Lava Lamp Equipment you will need
o A clean 1 litre clear soda bottle
o 3/4 cup of water o Vegetable Oil o Fizzing tablets (such as Alka Seltzer) o Food colouring
Procedure
1. Pour the water into the bottle.
2. Use a measuring cup or funnel to slowly pour the vegetable oil into the bottle until it's almost full. You may have to wait a few minutes for the oil and water separate.
3. Add 10 drops of food colouring to the bottle. The drops will pass through the oil and then mix with the water below.
4. Break a seltzer tablet in half and drop the half tablet into the bottle. Watch it sink to the bottom and let the blobby greatness begin!
5. To keep the effect going, just add another tablet piece. For a true lava lamp effect, shine a flashlight through the bottom of the bottle.
Questions
1. Why did the tablet have an effect on the mixture?
2. What were the bubbles made of?
The Sciencey Bit
1. When the tablet piece was added, it sank to the bottom and started dissolving, creating a gas. As the gas bubbles rose, they took some of the coloured water with them. When the blob of water reached the top, the gas escaped and down went the water. 2. The bubbles which rose to the top were made of Carbon Dioxide (CO), which is what we breathe out. How to sink a marshmallow
Equipment needed Mini marshmallows Glass of water
Procedure 1. Place one mini marshmallow into a glass of water 2. Note if it sinks or floats 3. Squash one mini marshmallow between your fingers and roll it into a ball 4. Add it to the glass of water 5. Note if it sinks or floats Questions Why did the 1st marshmallow behave in the way you expected? How did squashing the marshmallow change the properties of the marshmallow? The Sciencey bit
When you drop a marshmallow in water, it floats like a balloon. A
marshmallow is full of air bubbles, which puff it out. The sugar in the marshmallow gets spread out over a large area, making the marshmallow less dense than water. So how do you make a marshmallow denser? You have to make it smaller. Balloon and Baking Soda experiment
Equipment needed Small, empty water bottle New latex balloon Measuring spoons Small funnel
Procedure 1. Pour 2 tbsp. of vinegar and tbsp. of water into the bottle. 2. Put 2 tbsp. of baking soda into the balloon using the funnel. 3. Stretch and secure the opening of the balloon over the neck of the bottle while being very careful not to dump the baking soda into the bottle just yet. 4. Straighten the balloon to an upright position allowing the baking soda to fall into the vinegar in the bottle. The chemical reaction should blow the balloon up.
Observations 1. What happened to the balloon? 2. What gas was produced in the jar? Answer The baking soda and vinegar produce the gas Carbon Dioxide which fills up the balloon Red cabbage as an indicator Equipment Red cabbage cut into small pieces A small saucepan A dropper 4 plastic cups Lemon juice 10ml Baking soda 1 teaspoon dissolved in 50ml of water Milk 10ml Water 10ml
Procedure Place a small volume of water into the saucepan Add the red cabbage to the saucepan Heat the water and the cabbage Stop the heating when the liquid turns purple Label the plastics cups 1, 2, 3 and 4 Into 1 place the lemon juice Into 2 place the baking soda solution Into 3 place the milk Into 4 place the water Add 5 drops of the cabbage juice to each cup Observe the colour change
Observations 1. What colours can be seen in each cup?
The Sciencey bit
By boiling the red cabbage leaves, you extracted a class of pigment molecules called anthocyanins into solution. Anthocyanin molecules will change their color depending upon the pH of their environment and can indicate the pH of a solution). This experiment will tell you whether a substance is an acid or base, but not the exact value of pH; the pH scale ranges from acid (0-6), through neutral (7) to base (8-14) Growing peas in a nappy
Equipment needed Nappy Marrowfat peas Water
Procedure 1. Soak the 5 marrowfat peas overnight in cold water 2. Make an opening in the centre of the nappy 3. Place 3 soaked peas into the opening 4. Water the nappy 5. Place the nappy on a window sill for 5 days 6. Record results
The Sciencey bit
Nappies are very good at their job because they contain a substance called Hydrogel polymers. Hydrogel polymers are long molecule chains made up of repeating units that grab onto water molecules. This characteristic makes them a great solution for soaking up water. Smarties Chromatography Equipment list Tall gas jar Chromatography paper or blotting paper Pencil Box of smarties Paint brush Ruler
Procedure Draw a pencil line 2 cm from the bottom of the chromatography paper Use a clean paintbrush and clean water to remove the colour from a smartie. Paint the colour in a small spot on the line on the chromatography paper Place 1 cm3 of water into the gas jar Place the chromatography paper into the gas jar Allow the water to rise up the paper When the water reaches the top, remove the paper and examine
Observations 1. What colours are can you see 2. Why do some dyes separate into different colours yet others do not
The sciencey bit
Some dyes are made up of different substances and colours. These will dissolve in a solvent like water and will move up the paper at a different rate based on their densities.
