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    Management of Dystocia Due To Fetal Ascites in Holstein Friesian Cross Breed Cow - Case Report

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    Aam Arahman
    1. This case report describes the management of dystocia due to fetal ascites in a 6-year-old Holstein Friesian cross breed cow. The cow was straining for 2 hours after its water bag ruptured. Examination revealed a dead fetus in posterior presentation with abdominal distension and fluid accumulation, indicating fetal ascites as the cause of dystocia. 2. Treatment involved making a small incision in the fetus's abdomen to drain about 25 liters of fluid. Both hind limbs were then brought into the birth canal and the dead fetus was delivered manually. The cow was given fluid therapy, antibiotics, and NSAIDs and recovered uneventfully. 3. Fetal ascites

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    Management of Dystocia Due To Fetal Ascites in Holstein Friesian Cross Breed Cow - Case Report

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    1. This case report describes the management of dystocia due to fetal ascites in a 6-year-old Holstein Friesian cross breed cow. The cow was straining for 2 hours after its water bag ruptured. Examination revealed a dead fetus in posterior presentation with abdominal distension and fluid accumulation, indicating fetal ascites as the cause of dystocia. 2. Treatment involved making a small incision in the fetus's abdomen to drain about 25 liters of fluid. Both hind limbs were then brought into the birth canal and the dead fetus was delivered manually. The cow was given fluid therapy, antibiotics, and NSAIDs and recovered uneventfully. 3. Fetal ascites

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    1. This case report describes the management of dystocia due to fetal ascites in a 6-year-old Holstein Friesian cross breed cow. The cow was straining for 2 hours after its water bag ruptured. Examination revealed a dead fetus in posterior presentation with abdominal distension and fluid accumulation, indicating fetal ascites as the cause of dystocia. 2. Treatment involved making a small incision in the fetus's abdomen to drain about 25 liters of fluid. Both hind limbs were then brought into the birth canal and the dead fetus was delivered manually. The cow was given fluid therapy, antibiotics, and NSAIDs and recovered uneventfully. 3. Fetal ascites

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    47 views4 pages

    Management of Dystocia Due To Fetal Ascites in Holstein Friesian Cross Breed Cow - Case Report

    Uploaded by

    Aam Arahman
    1. This case report describes the management of dystocia due to fetal ascites in a 6-year-old Holstein Friesian cross breed cow. The cow was straining for 2 hours after its water bag ruptured. Examination revealed a dead fetus in posterior presentation with abdominal distension and fluid accumulation, indicating fetal ascites as the cause of dystocia. 2. Treatment involved making a small incision in the fetus's abdomen to drain about 25 liters of fluid. Both hind limbs were then brought into the birth canal and the dead fetus was delivered manually. The cow was given fluid therapy, antibiotics, and NSAIDs and recovered uneventfully. 3. Fetal ascites

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    of 4

    International Journal of Science, Environment ISSN 2278-3687 (O)

    and Technology, Vol. 7, No 1, 2018, 165 – 168 2277-663X (P)

    MANAGEMENT OF DYSTOCIA DUE TO FETAL ASCITES IN


    HOLSTEIN FRIESIAN CROSS BREED COW - CASE REPORT
    P. Sathya1*, C. Srinivasan1 and K.P. Prabhakaran2
    1
    M.V.Sc Scholars, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Mannuthy, Thrissur, Kerala
    2
    M.V.Sc Scholar, Veterinary College and Research Institute, Namakkal, Tamilnadu
    E-mail: [email protected] (*Corresponding Author)

    Abstract: A six year old pluriparous Holstein Friesian cross breed cow presented with
    history of ruptured water bag and straining since 2 hrs. The cow was examined per vaginum
    under epidural anesthesia (2% lignocaine hydrochloride) revealed that dead fetus with
    abdominal distension associated with fluid accumulation was palpable. Fetus in posterior
    presentation, dorso sacral position. Small abdominal incision on fetal abdomen with fetotomy
    knife resulted in escape of yellowish serous exudates. Both hind limbs brought in birth canal
    and dead fetus was delivered by manual traction. The cow treated with antibiotics, NSAID
    and fluid therapy for two consecutive days.
    Keywords: HF cross bred cow, dead fetus, abdominal distension, manual traction.

    1. INTRODUCTION
    Ascites (“water belly”) is the dropsy of peritoneum. There are several types of fetal dropsy
    viz., hydrocephalus, hydro thorax, ascites, anasarca (Noakes et al., 2009). These cause
    dystocia due to increased diameter of the fetus. Foetal ascites is seen as an occasional cause
    of dystocia in many species but occurs most often in the cow (Roberts, 1971). Ascites may be
    caused either by the overproduction or insufficient drainage of peritoneal fluid. Obstruction
    of the lymphatics, for various reasons may prevent the disposal of peritoneal fluid (Sloss and
    Duffy, 1980). Ascitic foetus in full term pregnancy may cause dystocia in cows
    (Rajasundaram et al., 1998). Ascites is dropsy of the peritoneum probably due to diminished
    urinary excretion (Purohit et al., 2012). The incidence of this condition in buffaloes is rarely
    reported.
    2. CASE HISTORY AND CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS
    A six year old pluriparous Holstein Friesian cross breed cow in 3rd parity completing normal
    gestation was presented with history of ruptured water bag and straining since 2 hrs. On
    examination the Respiratory rate, temperature and pulse rate were normal. The cow was
    examined per vaginum under epidural anesthesia (2% lignocaine hydrochloride) revealed that
    dead fetus with abdominal distension associated with fluid accumulation was palpable. Fetus
    Received Jan 7, 2018 * Published Feb 2, 2018 * www.ijset.net
    166 P. Sathya, C. Srinivasan and K.P. Prabhakaran

    in posterior presentation, dorso sacral position. By all examination (history and clinical
    examination), the case was tentatively diagnosed as dystocia due to fetal ascites.
    3. TREATMENT
    Small abdominal incision on fetal abdomen (abdominocentosis) with fetotomy knife,
    allowing considerable fluid to escape and huge amount (about 25 liters) straw coloured fluid
    was drained out. Both hind limbs brought in birth canal and dead fetus was delivered by
    manual traction (Fig.1).

    Fig.1: Fetal ascites removed by abdominal puncture and traction

    Animal was administered fluid therapy (inj. 5% dextrose 1.5 lit. i.v. + inj. Ringer’s lactate 1.5
    lit. i.v.), NSAID (inj. Meloxicam 0.2 mg/kg of BW), antibiotic (inj. Enrofloxican 2.5 mg/kg
    of BW), inj. Oxytocin 50 IU i.mand intrauterineboluses were also administered. Cow
    recovered uneventfully.
    4. DISCUSSION
    Srinivas et al. (2007) reported an incidence of dystocia due to fetal ascites is 6.9% (4/13) out
    of an overall incidence of 22.41% (13/58) due to fetal oversize. The causes for fetal ascites
    are not definitely known but are usually ascribed to derangement of fetal circulation. It may
    also be hereditary or due to uterine disease (Sane et al., 1994). Other causes may be
    overproduction or insufficient removal of peritoneal fluid, renal retention of salt and water
    due to renal disease.
    Management of Dystocia Due to Fetal Ascites in … 167

    Fetal ascites have been reported by various authors in cattle (Rajasundaram et al., 1998;
    Kumaresan et al., 2013 and Ravikumar et al., 2013). Many authors have reported per-vaginal
    delivery of ascitic fetus where fetus has been presented in posterior presentation (Selvaraju et
    al., 2009 and Kumaresan et al., 2013). This case report is confirmation with Selvaraju et al.
    (2009) and Kumaresan et al. (2013). Arthur et al. (1996) stated that ascites may be due to
    hepatic lesions, general venous congestion or urinary obstruction with or without rupture of
    bladder. Placental dysfunction consequent to incompatibility of dam and fetus may
    predispose to fetal dropsy. Ascetic condition in this case may be due to cystic condition of
    kidney and rupture of urinary bladder or the overproduction or insufficient drainage of
    peritoneal fluid. The fetal ascites resulted into dystocia as a result of increase in abdominal
    diameter. Approaches similar to the present case for vaginal fetal delivery have been recorded
    in many previous studies (Roberts, 1971; Selvaraju et al., 2009; Ravikumar et al., 2013). It
    was concluded that ascetic fetus can be delivered by abdominal puncture.
    References
    [1] Arthur, G.H., Noakes, D.E., Pearson, H. and Parkinson, T.J. 1996. Veterinary
    Reproduction and obstetrics.7thed., W.B. Saunders Co., Ltd., Philadelphia, pp.302-307
    [2] Kumaresan, A., Selvaraju, M., Sivaraman, S., Ravikumar, K., Napolian, R.E. and
    Prakash, S. 2013. Dystocia due to fetal ascites with breech presentation in a Holstein-
    Freisiancow. Shanlax Int. J. Vet. Sci.1: 52-53
    [3] Noakes, D., Parkinson, T.G. and G.C.W. England.2009. Veterinary Reproduction
    andObstetrics, 9th ed. Saunders Elsevier.
    [4] Purohit, G.N., Kumar, P., Solanki, K., Shekhar, C. and Yadav, S. P. 2012. Perspectives of
    fetal dystocia in cattle and buffalo; Vet. Sci. Dev. 2: 8
    [5] Rajasundaram, R.C., Selvaraju, S. and Ayyappan, S. 1998. Dystocia due to foetal ascites
    in cow-a case report. Indian Vet J. 75:165-67.
    [6] Ravikumar, K., Selvaraju, M., Kumaresan, A. and Sivaraman, S. 2013. Dystocia due to
    fetal ascites in Jersey cross bred cow-A case report. Shanlax Int. J. Vet. Sci. 1: 32-33.
    [7] Roberts, S.J. 1971. Veterinary obstetrics and Genital diseases, 2nded., CBSPublishers and
    distributors, NewDelhi.
    [8] Sane, C.R., Deshpande, B.R., Kaikini, A.S., Velhankar, D.P., Kodagali, S.B., Luktuke,
    S.N., Hukeri, V.B. and Deopurkar, V.L. 1994. Reproduction in Farm Animals
    (Theriogenology), 2nd ed. Varghese Publishing House, Bombay, India.
    168 P. Sathya, C. Srinivasan and K.P. Prabhakaran

    [9] Selvaraju, M., Ravikumar, K., Palanisamy, M., Prabaharan, V., Ravi, R., Ezakial
    Napolean, R. and Chandrahasan, C. 2009. Dystocia due to fetal ascites in a grade murrah
    buffalo: A case report. J. Vet. Animal Sci.40: 56-57
    [10] Sloss, V. and Dufty, J.H, 1980. Handbook of Bovine Obstetrics. Williams and Wilkins,
    Baltimore, U.S.A. Obstetrical pathology, p. 105-111.
    [11] Srinivas, M., Sreenu, M., Rani, N.L., Naidu, K.S. and Prasad, V.D. 2007. Studies on
    dystocia in graded Murrah buffaloes: A retrospective study. Buffalo Bull., 26(2): 40-45.

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