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    Hazenwilliams

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    Sherif A-fattah Fouad
    The document discusses calculating pressure requirements at sprinklers in a branch line using the Hazen-Williams equation. It provides an example where the minimum pressure required at the second sprinkler, 12 feet from the first, is calculated to be 22.6 psi based on a flow of 25.2 gpm through the first sprinkler and 2.4 psi friction loss over the 12 foot pipe length. It also discusses using equivalent pipe lengths to account for losses from fittings like elbows in calculations.

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    Hazenwilliams

    Uploaded by

    Sherif A-fattah Fouad
    23 views3 pages
    The document discusses calculating pressure requirements at sprinklers in a branch line using the Hazen-Williams equation. It provides an example where the minimum pressure required at the second sprinkler, 12 feet from the first, is calculated to be 22.6 psi based on a flow of 25.2 gpm through the first sprinkler and 2.4 psi friction loss over the 12 foot pipe length. It also discusses using equivalent pipe lengths to account for losses from fittings like elbows in calculations.

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    Hazenwilliams

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    The document discusses calculating pressure requirements at sprinklers in a branch line using the Hazen-Williams equation. It provides an example where the minimum pressure required at the second sprinkler, 12 feet from the first, is calculated to be 22.6 psi based on a flow of 25.2 gpm through the first sprinkler and 2.4 psi friction loss over the 12 foot pipe length. It also discusses using equivalent pipe lengths to account for losses from fittings like elbows in calculations.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    23 views3 pages

    Hazenwilliams

    Uploaded by

    Sherif A-fattah Fouad
    The document discusses calculating pressure requirements at sprinklers in a branch line using the Hazen-Williams equation. It provides an example where the minimum pressure required at the second sprinkler, 12 feet from the first, is calculated to be 22.6 psi based on a flow of 25.2 gpm through the first sprinkler and 2.4 psi friction loss over the 12 foot pipe length. It also discusses using equivalent pipe lengths to account for losses from fittings like elbows in calculations.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 3

    EXAMPLE 1:

    If the most remote sprinkler on a branch line requires a minimum flow of 25.2
    gpm (95.392 l/m) (1.589868 l/s) (for a minimum pressure of 20.2 psi [1.4 bar]) ,
    and the second sprinkler on the line is connected by a 12 ft (3.6 m) length of 1
    in. (25.4 mm) Schedule 40 steel pipe of internal diameter (1.049 in), with both
    sprinklers mounted directly in fittings on the pipe (no drops or sprigs), the
    minimum pressure required at the second sprinkler can be found by
    determining the friction loss caused by a flow of (25.2 gpm) (95.392 l/m)
    through the piping to the end sprinkler. No fitting losses need to be considered
    if it is a straight run of pipe. Since NFPA 13 permits the fitting directly attached
    to each sprinkler to be ignored. Using the Hazen-Williams equation with values
    of 25.2 gpm for Q, 120 for C, and 1.049 for D (the inside diameter of Schedule
    40 steel 1 in. pipe) and 12 ft (3.6-m) length.

    Results in a value of results in a total friction loss + 2.4 psi (0.17 bar).

    The total pressure required at the second sprinkler on the line is therefore 20.2
    psi + 2.4 psi = 22.6 psi (1.6 bar). This will result in a flow from the second
    sprinkler of

    K is the k—Factor of the sprinkler = 5.6

    Q = K(P)1/2 = 26.6 gpm (100.7 lpm).


    Minor losses through fittings and valves are not friction losses but energy
    losses, caused by turbulence in the water flow which increase as the velocity of
    flow increases. Nevertheless, it has become standard practice to simplify
    calculation of such losses through the use of “equivalent lengths,” which are
    added to the actual pipe length in determining the pipe friction loss. NFPA 13
    contains a table of equivalent pipe lengths for this purpose.

    (See Table 4-3-2) As an example, if a 2-in. (50.8-mm) 90-degree long turn elbow
    is assigned an equivalent length of 3 ft (0.914 m), this means that the energy
    loss associated with turbulence through this elbow is expected to approximate
    the energy loss to friction through 0.914 m of 50.8 mm pipe. As with the friction

    loss tables, the equivalent pipe length chart is based on the use of steel pipe
    with a C-factor of 120, and the use of other piping materials requires
    multiplying factors. The equivalent pipe length for pipes having C values other
    than 120 should be adjusted using the following multiplication factor:

    (0.713) For a C value of 100

    (1.16) For a C value of 130

    (1.33) For a C value of 140

    (1.51) For a C value of 150

    For example, if C = 150 and if the pipe length is 100 ft, then the adjusted
    length will be 100 x 1.51 = 151 ft. (which will be L in the equation i.e. in the
    program, the program will calculate it automatically, just input the real length
    of the pipe)
    EXAMPLE 2:

    If the 12 ft (3.6 m) length of 1 in. (25.4-mm) pipe in the previous example had
    contained 4 elbows so as to avoid a building column, the pressure loss from
    those elbows could be approximated by adding an equivalent length of pipe to
    the friction loss calculation. Table 4-3.2 gives a value of 2 ft (0.610 m) as the
    appropriate equivalent length for standard elbows in 1 in. (25.4 mm) Schedule
    40 steel pipe. For 4 elbows, the equivalent fitting length would be 8 ft (2.4 m).
    Added to the actual pipe length of 12 ft (3.6 m), the total equivalent length
    would be 20 ft (6 m). This results in a new value of Hf = 20 ft = 0.20 psi/ft = 4.0
    psi (0.28 bar). The total pressure at the second sprinkler would then be equal to
    20.2 psi + 4.0 psi = 24.2 psi (1.67 bar). The total flow from the second sprinkler
    in this case would be Q = K(P)1/2 = 27.5 gpm (103.95 l/m).

    Some types of standard valves, such as swing check valves, are included in the
    equivalent pipe length chart, Table 4-3.2. Equivalent lengths for pressure losses
    through system alarm, dry, and deluge valves are determined by the approval
    laboratories at the time of product listing.

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