NDB Priskila

Ndb
Navigation aids that work at low frequencies that emit in all directions and can provide directions
in the direction of the NDB station are located.
NDB equipment transmits information in the form of radio waves in various directions through the
antenna. the signal is by an airplane equipped with an ADF that is the device in the plane, so the plane can
know its position on the location of the NDB.
NDB is conventional equipment, but NSB will be very helpful in emergency conditions such as
airports in remote areas.
Use of NDB
NDB provides bearing information in relation to the ADF for:

1. En Route Navigation (Check Point)
The NDB is not installed in the designated airport port area, but on a particular place /
check point along the flight path (Air Ways)
2. Homing (airport directions)
The NDB station is placed in the airport port area to show the aircraft where the airport is
located.
3. Locator
Locator is a NDB low power that is placed extended the runway centerline to help indicate
to the pilot when approach the centerline of the runway required for landing.
4. Holding
Holding is a condition where the aircraft is above the air port and waits upon landing, the
pilot must wait for instructions from ATC.
The location where the NDB is installed will determine the use of the NDB, possibly installed in
a Reporting Point on Air Ways area, installed on the islands for long range navigation services
or installed in the aerodrome area or near the aerodrome for homing and let down. Power
Output and Range Power Out Put NDB ranges from 25 Watts - 10 Kilo Watts. The range of
distance that the RF NDB wave can travel depends on the size of the power emitted. NDB with
a small power can reach ± 10 NM range, this type is only used for aerodrome locators and can
reach more than 500 NM for high power NDBs, (this condition still needs to be considered at
night and day as well as the surface of the earth, ocean or land which becomes propagation of
LF and MF types).
The greater the transmit power of the NDB, the greater the area covered by the NDB:
1.Low Range / Power Coverage Range 50 NM - 100 NM (1 NM = 1.853 Km), with the transmit
power / out put power between 50-100 Watts which belongs to this type are: G 142, LWX 100
and NX 200.
2. Medium Range / Power Cover area / Coverage Range 100NM - 150 NM with transmit power
/ out put power between 500 - 1000 Watt.
3. High Range / Power Cover area / Coverage Range 150NM - 300 NM with transmit power /
out put power between 2000 - 3000 Watt. Which includes this type are the type G91 and NX
12000. In Indonesia installed several types of NDB with different transmit power adjusted to the
requirements of the relevant port operations, for small airports usually the NDB used is about 10
Watts - 25 Watts, just for the purpose of let down.
NDB frequency
NDB works on LF and MF frequency bands between 200 - 400 KHz, and continuously emits carrier frequencies
with 1020 Hz modulation for identification (station identification).
example: NDB type Redifon G 40 = 137.5 - 550 KHz
NDB type Nautel = 190-535 KHz
Identification for NDB uses two or three morse letters, and is sent with an average speed of seven words per minute
with a keyed tone frequency of 400 Hz or 1020 Hz.
Keyed - Dot (.) = 0,125 second
- Dash (-) = 0.375 second
- Interval Between Element = 0.125 second
- Interval Between Character = 0.375 second
Main Section of NDB
The principal part of the NDB consists of:
Transmitter; is a circuit block that emits information signals on flight data in the form of Morse code.
Change over unit; is a circuit block that regulates the selection of the impact signal (TX1 or TX2) and adjusts the
output of the input signal beam (Antenna or Dummy load)
Antenna tuning unit; is a circuit block that serves to send the signal to be transmitted by the antenna from the output
change over unit
Dummy load is an antenna that serves to reduce the emission signal generated from the output change over unit.
An antenna is an electronic component that functions to convert electrical energy into electromagnetic waves.
The type of emission
CW (Continuous Wave)
A Radio Frequency (RF) emission signal is formed only from the Carrier Frequency (FC) signal.
MCW (Continuous Wave Modulation)

An RF emission signal that is formed from the carrier frequency is modulated by the Audio Frequency (AF) signal.
KCW (Keying Continuous Wave)

An RF emission signal that is formed from the carrier frequency is modulated by an Audio Frequency (AF) signal,
but the audio signal is encoded with the identification of a Morse code keying.
calibration
NDB is calibrated periodically every 1 (one) year.
ndb weakness
interference effect
the occurrence of emission interference with other jets, known or unknown
thunderstorm effect
beam interference caused by bad weather.
mountain effect
disturbance due to the mountainous and uneven surface contour conditions which result in reflection of the beam
and error in direction detection
night effect
emission disruption due to temperature changes between night and day which results in expansion and shrinkage of
air pressure so that the air layer changes.
coastal refractions
changes in the direction of emission caused by the meeting of land and waters that have a difference in surface
temperature and air pressure, resulting in the refraction of radio waves
Automatic Direction Finder (ADF) is the receiver in the plane, antenna and indicator (s), which operates in the high
MF band and low LF. In conjunction with non-directional (NDB) ground beacons it continues to provide relatively
bearing on the indicator. This system is based on the principle of bearings with loop direction (DF) which is also
known as bearing with zero method.
The benefits of using frequencies between 190 kHz to 1750 kHz are to get a higher range at low levels. NDBs
operating on the coast at this frequency can also be used by ships and aircraft. with signal strength, NDB is used for
navigation - along the air duct, to get out to sea, at the airport support terminal and Locator on the landing
instrument system (ILS).
LOOP DF. If the vertical loop antenna is 90 ° to the incoming radio wave, there is no received signal or induced
current, because both receive vertical signals in the same phase. But when the loop is along the path of the radio
wave, the maximum signal is received. So by turning the Loop to the position of the minimum (zero) direction the
signal beacon (transmitter) on the ground can be known.
The use of one loop antenna experiences direction obscurity from 1800. That is, null in each direction and vice
versa. To distinguish this, sense (omnidirectional) input antennas are combined with loop signals and a combination
of polar diagrams (field strength) in the form of cardiod, at least one. As a result, modern equipment from an
electronically rotating loop by two loops remains 900 with each other.
Land Surface Conditions and Environment
a. The area of land needed to accommodate all NDB equipment for the type
NDB antenna tower and other related supporting facilities, land is needed
at least 100 x 100 m and for ordinary single pole types like the NDB locator
minimum land required of 50 mx 50 m;
b. To plant earth wire network equipment for NDB and land equipment
still needed even though not specifically specified;
c. up to a radius of 300 m from the midpoint of the antenna is not permitted
buildings from metal, except NDB equipment shelters;
d. Up to a radius of 1000 meters from the midpoint of the antenna, it is not permitted
the existence of hills, groups of trees, metal buildings that exceed the height
3 degree cone surface and high voltage power grid.
e. Consider the airport development plan.

NDB Priskila

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NDB Priskila

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Ndb

NDB provides bearing information in relation to the ADF for:

example: NDB type Redifon G 40 = 137.5 - 550 KHz

NDB type Nautel = 190-535 KHz

Keyed - Dot (.) = 0,125 second

- Dash (-) = 0.375 second

- Interval Between Element = 0.125 second

- Interval Between Character = 0.375 second

Main Section of NDB

The principal part of the NDB consists of:

The type of emission

MCW (Continuous Wave Modulation)

KCW (Keying Continuous Wave)

Land Surface Conditions and Environment

minimum land required of 50 mx 50 m;

still needed even though not specifically specified;

c. up to a radius of 300 m from the midpoint of the antenna is not permitted

buildings from metal, except NDB equipment shelters;

3 degree cone surface and high voltage power grid.

e. Consider the airport development plan.

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