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    Exp 2 Specific Energy & Flow Depth - Civil Engineers PK

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    Suseendar Ramadoss
    This document summarizes an experiment on investigating the relationship between specific energy and depth of flow in a rectangular channel. The objectives are to study how specific energy varies with depth of flow for a given discharge, and to validate theories of the E-y diagram. The apparatus used is an S-6 tilting laboratory flume. Key concepts discussed include specific energy, critical depth, Froude number, critical flow, sub-critical flow, super-critical flow, minimum specific energy, critical velocity, and alternate depths. The procedure maintains a constant discharge while varying the slope to find depths and calculate specific energy values. Results found depths decreasing and specific energy values matching theoretical values closely with increasing slope.

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    Exp 2 Specific Energy & Flow Depth - Civil Engineers PK

    Uploaded by

    Suseendar Ramadoss
    56 views10 pages
    This document summarizes an experiment on investigating the relationship between specific energy and depth of flow in a rectangular channel. The objectives are to study how specific energy varies with depth of flow for a given discharge, and to validate theories of the E-y diagram. The apparatus used is an S-6 tilting laboratory flume. Key concepts discussed include specific energy, critical depth, Froude number, critical flow, sub-critical flow, super-critical flow, minimum specific energy, critical velocity, and alternate depths. The procedure maintains a constant discharge while varying the slope to find depths and calculate specific energy values. Results found depths decreasing and specific energy values matching theoretical values closely with increasing slope.

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    Specific Energy & Flow Depth

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    Exp 2 Specific Energy & Flow Depth – Civil Engineers PK

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    This document summarizes an experiment on investigating the relationship between specific energy and depth of flow in a rectangular channel. The objectives are to study how specific energy varies with depth of flow for a given discharge, and to validate theories of the E-y diagram. The apparatus used is an S-6 tilting laboratory flume. Key concepts discussed include specific energy, critical depth, Froude number, critical flow, sub-critical flow, super-critical flow, minimum specific energy, critical velocity, and alternate depths. The procedure maintains a constant discharge while varying the slope to find depths and calculate specific energy values. Results found depths decreasing and specific energy values matching theoretical values closely with increasing slope.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    56 views10 pages

    Exp 2 Specific Energy & Flow Depth - Civil Engineers PK

    Uploaded by

    Suseendar Ramadoss
    This document summarizes an experiment on investigating the relationship between specific energy and depth of flow in a rectangular channel. The objectives are to study how specific energy varies with depth of flow for a given discharge, and to validate theories of the E-y diagram. The apparatus used is an S-6 tilting laboratory flume. Key concepts discussed include specific energy, critical depth, Froude number, critical flow, sub-critical flow, super-critical flow, minimum specific energy, critical velocity, and alternate depths. The procedure maintains a constant discharge while varying the slope to find depths and calculate specific energy values. Results found depths decreasing and specific energy values matching theoretical values closely with increasing slope.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
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    1 Experiments

    2 Flow Rate Formula

    3 Energy Flow

    Exp 2 Specific Energy & Flow


    depth

    Experiment # 2

    To Investigate the relationship


    between specific energy (E) and
    depth of flow (y) in a rectangular
    channel.
    Objectives

    1. To study the variation in specific energy as a


    function of depth of flow for a given discharge in
    a lab flume.
    2. To validate the theories of E ~ y diagram.

    Apparatus

    1. S-6 Tilting laboratory flume with manometer, slope adjusting scale


    and flow arrangement.
    2. Hook gauge (to measure depth of water)

    Related Theory

    Flume
    It is a channel supported above the ground level.

    Specific Energy
    It is the total energy per unit weight measured relative to the channel
    bed. E = y+(V^2)/2g
    Assumptions
    1. Normal flow conditions exit in channel. ( Steady uniform flow )
    2. Velocity correction factor ( α = 1 )
    3. Bed Slope is very small. ( Practically S < 1: 10 )

    Critical Depth
    It is the depth of flow in the channel at which specific energy is
    minimum

    Froud No
    It is the ratio of inertial forces to gravitational forces.

    Critical Flow
    It is the flow corresponding to critical depth. (Fr = 1)

    Sub-Critical Flow
    It is the flow with larger depths & less flow velocities. (Fr < 1)

    Super-Critical Flow
    It is the flow with lesser depths & larger flow velocities. (Fr > 1)
    Emin (Minimum Specific Energy)
    It is the specific energy at critical depth under critical velocity condition
    in the channel

    Critical Velocity
    Velocity of flow at critical depth is called Critical Velocity.

    Alternate Depths
    For any value of Specific energy other then at the critical point for a
    constant discharge, there are two water depths, one is greater then the
    critical depth and the other is less then the critical depth. These two
    depths for a given specific energy are termed as specific depths.

    Procedure
    1) Maintain constant discharge in the open channel.
    2) For one particular value of slope find out the water depths at three
    different locations and calculate the average depth of flow .
    3) Calculate the specific energy using relationship.
    4) Repeat this procedure for different
    values of slope.
    5) Draw the specific energy curve.
    6) Find out the
    critical depth
    and Emin
    7) Find out yc
    theoretical and
    Emin
    theoretical.

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    Precautions
    1) Tip of the hook gauge should just touch the water.
    2) Take piezometric readIngs when flow is ready.
    3) Take more then three readings.

    Comments
    By keeping discharge constant and varying the slope, we found that the
    depth of the water goes on decreasing with the increase in slope & the
    values of Specific energy (E) and water depth calculated theoretically
    are almost same to the values obtained from the experiment.

    Percentage Difference between y and y = 0.79%


    Percentage Difference between E and E = 0.10%
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