The Geology of Malayan Ore-Deposits
The Geology of Malayan Ore-Deposits
The Geology of Malayan Ore-Deposits
MALAYAN ORE-DEPOSITS
BY
IN'£RODUCTION ix
CHAPTER I
GENERAL GEOLOGICAL SKETCH AND DISTRIBUTION OF ORE-DEPOSITS 1
CHAPTER II
GOLD _ G
CHAPTER III
CASSITERITE 24
CHAPTER IV
THE WESTERN TIN-BELT 34
CHAPTER V
THE EASTERN TIN-BELT 116
CHAPTER VI
TUNGSTEN AND OTHER ORES. 130
CHAPTER VII
THE NON-DETRITAL DEPOSITS 47
CHAPTER VIII
THE DETRITAL DEPOSITS 185
CHAPTER IX
BIBLIOGRAPHY • . 200
(References to the Bibliography are made thus: B. 70, p. 62 .)
I NDEX 207
v
LI ST OF PLATES
View of Kinta from Lahat P'rontispiece
l·I~A TE
LI ST OF TEXT-FIGURE S
PAOP.
1. Map showing t he" Coulisses " of th e Malay Peninsula and part of t he
Malay Arohipelago . 2
2. The R aub Lodes . 16
3. View of R aub from Bukit K oman 17
4. Gold-bearing Vein following a Fold, Bukit K oman 18
5. Small Gold-bearing Quartz-veins in Caloareous Shale, Bukit Kom an 19
6. Cassiterite from Sungei Gau . 25
7. Cassiterite from Bundi . 26
8. Cassit erite from Tanjong Toalang 27
9. The Rahman H ydraulio Tin Mines Stookwork of Tin-veins . 39
m ~
INTRODUOTION
" MALAYA" is the portion of the Malay Peninsula that is
under British control, and includes the Straits Settlements,
which are .a Crown Colony, with the Federated Malay States
and Unfederated Malay States under British protection. The
Straits Settlements in the Peninsula are the islands Penang
and Singapore, with Province Wellesley, the Dindings, and
Malacca on the mainland. The Federated Malay States are
Perak, Selangor, Negri Sembilan, and Pahang: the Un-
federated Malay States are Johore, Kedah, Pedis, Kelantan,
and Trengganu.
When Malaya first became a producer of gold and tin
will, probably, never be known. References, by Arab writers,
to a port" Kilah " on the west coast of the Peninsula, which
may be Kedah, show that in the ninth century (A.D.) it was
famous for tin and bamboo. Old gold workings in Pahang
may have been operated by the Mon race before the Siamese
encroached on the northern part of the Peninsula in the
thirteenth century. When the Portuguese took Malacca in
1511 gold and tin were certainly being produced. Barbosa,
who was the earliest Portuguese writer on Malacca (1518),
and Godinho de Eredia (1600) both refer to gold. D'Albu-
querque, the Portuguese leader in 1511, suppressed the Malay
tin coinage in Malacca, and substituted a Portuguese tin
coinage. Barbosa wrote of "much and good tin " won III
Selangor and taken to Malacca.
ix
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PERPUSTAKAAH
NEGARAMAlAYSIA