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    Geology Definition & Branches PDF

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    Edrian Sergs G. BALLEZA
    The document discusses the field of geology. It defines geology as the study of the Earth, its composition, structure, and the processes that form and shape it. The document then outlines the main branches or subdisciplines of geology, including physical geology, mineralogy, petrology, structural geology, historical geology, paleontology, economic geology, engineering geology, mining geology, geophysics, geochemistry, and geohydrology. Each branch focuses on a specific area of study related to the Earth.

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    Geology Definition & Branches PDF

    Uploaded by

    Edrian Sergs G. BALLEZA
    56 views8 pages
    The document discusses the field of geology. It defines geology as the study of the Earth, its composition, structure, and the processes that form and shape it. The document then outlines the main branches or subdisciplines of geology, including physical geology, mineralogy, petrology, structural geology, historical geology, paleontology, economic geology, engineering geology, mining geology, geophysics, geochemistry, and geohydrology. Each branch focuses on a specific area of study related to the Earth.

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    The document discusses the field of geology. It defines geology as the study of the Earth, its composition, structure, and the processes that form and shape it. The document then outlines the main branches or subdisciplines of geology, including physical geology, mineralogy, petrology, structural geology, historical geology, paleontology, economic geology, engineering geology, mining geology, geophysics, geochemistry, and geohydrology. Each branch focuses on a specific area of study related to the Earth.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    56 views8 pages

    Geology Definition & Branches PDF

    Uploaded by

    Edrian Sergs G. BALLEZA
    The document discusses the field of geology. It defines geology as the study of the Earth, its composition, structure, and the processes that form and shape it. The document then outlines the main branches or subdisciplines of geology, including physical geology, mineralogy, petrology, structural geology, historical geology, paleontology, economic geology, engineering geology, mining geology, geophysics, geochemistry, and geohydrology. Each branch focuses on a specific area of study related to the Earth.

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    of 8

    Geology for Engineers

    CE 2132
    What is Geology?

     Geology: geo - earth; logy - study

    isthe study of the earth, its surface


    expression, composition, structure,
    internal activity and the processes by
    which it was formed and those that
    operate on it today.
    Branches of Geology
    Branches of Geology

     Physical Geology: is the study of the earth’s rocks, minerals and soils and how
    they are formed through time.
     Mineralogy: is the scientific study of the chemistry, crystal structure and
    physical properties of minerals. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mineralogy)

     Petrology: is the branch of geology that studies rocks and the conditions of
    how they are formed

     Structural Geology: is the study of the three-dimensional distribution of rock


    units with respect to their deformational histories. The goal is to uncover the
    history of deformation(strain) in the rocks in order to understand the stress
    field that resulted in the observed strain and geometries.
    Branches of Geology

     Historical Geology: is a discipline that uses the principles and methods of


    geology to reconstruct the geological history of Earth. It examines the
    vastness of geologic time, measured in billions of years, and investigates
    changes in the Earth, gradual and sudden, over this deep time.

     Paleontology: is the study of the history of life on Earth using fossils. Fossils
    are the remains of plants, animals, fungi, bacteria, and single-celled living
    things that have been replaced by rock material or impressions of organisms
    preserved in rock.Fossils also can be impressions left in stone, like animal
    tracks or the shape of a leaf.
    Branches of Geology

     Economic Geology: is concerned with earth materials that can be used for
    economic and/or industrial purposes. These materials include precious and
    base metals, nonmetallic minerals and construction-grade stone.

     Engineering Geology: is the application of geology to engineering study for


    the purpose of assuring that the geological factors regarding the location,
    design, construction, operation and maintenance of engineering works are
    recognized and accounted for.

     Mining Geology: is the process of exploration and exploitation of ore or


    economic minerals from the earth. It combines the principles of economic
    geology and mining engineering to the development of a defined mineral
    resource.
    Branches of Geology

     Geophysics: is the application of physics to the study of the earth, moon and
    other planets. Earth's shape; its gravitational and magnetic fields; its internal
    structure and composition; its dynamics and their surface expression in plate
    tectonics, the generation of magmas, volcanism and rock formation.

     Geochemistry: is the science that uses the tools and principles of chemistry
    to explain the mechanisms behind major geological systems such as the
    Earth's crust and its oceans.

     Geohydrology: the area of geology that deals with the distribution and
    movement of groundwater in the soil and rocks of the Earth's crust (commonly
    in aquifers). The terms groundwater hydrology, geohydrology, and
    hydrogeology are often used interchangeably.
    End of Topic

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