The Avian Anatomical Atlas

V.
G H E T I E
MEMBRU CORESPONDENT AL ACADEMIEI
REPUBLICII SOCIALISTE ROMANIA
ST. CHITESCU V. COTOFAN A. HILLEBRAND
ATLAS DE ANATOMIE
A PASARILOR DOMESTICE
ATLAS D'ANATOMIE
D E OISEAUX
~ DOMESTIQUES
ANATOMICAL ATLAS
OF DOMESTIC BIRDS
AHATOMM~ECKM ~
ATJAC
)I,OMAUlHMX n T M 4
EDITURA ACADEMIEI REPUBLIC11 SOCIALISTE ROMANIA

1976
EDlTURA ACADEMIEI REPUBLIC11 SOCIALISTE ROMANIA
Calea Victoriei 125, Sector I, Bucuresti
CUPRINS /TABLE DES MATJERESCONTENTS 1COAEPHAH ME
Prefajci / Avant-propos / Preface/ Beedenue. . . . . . . 7

P&s&rile domestice / Oiseaux domestiques / The do-
mestic birds / f i o ~ a r n ~ nnTnqhl.
e .. . . . . . . . ll
Osteologia / OstBologie / Osteology / O c ~ e o n o r n.~ . . . 19
Artrologia / Arthrologie / Arthrology / Ap~ponorm . . 76 .
Miologia / Myologie / Myology / M E I O J I O ~ ~. H.. . . . . 88
Aparatul digestiv / Appareil digestif / Digestive system /
O p r a ~ bnmqesapeHnR
~ . . . . . . . . . . . . . 142
Aparatul respirator / Appareil respiratoire / Respiratory
system / O p r a ~ bRHxaHnH
~ . .
. . . . . . , . . . 166
Aparatul urogenital / Appareil urogenital / Urogenital
system / Mouenonosh~eopraHa . . . . . . . . . . . 180
Angiologia / hgiologie / Angiology / A ~ r n o n o r n. ~. . . 187
Sistemul nervos / Systbme nerveux / Nervous system /
H ~ ~ B CH HC~
TeMHa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 233
Estesiologie / Esthbsiologie / Aesthesiology / ~ C T ~ ~ H O J I 267
O ~ ~ R
Glandele endocrine / Glandes endocrines / Endocrine
~ H H ~ I .~ . . . . . . .
glands / ~ H ~ ~ o I C ~ P mene3b1 . . . 279
Bibliografie . ..... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . 285
Dacd anumite specii - Qndeosebi unele d i n cadrul mamiferelor - a u beneficiat
pe parcurswl anilor de frecventa aparijie a unor lucrdri de sintexd care trateaxd morfo-
logia lor, despre pdsgrile domestice s-a scris putin g i Za intervale mari de timp.
Actuala dexvoltare a cregterii piisdrilor, avQnd drept scop asigurarea Qntr-unpro-
cent tot mai ridicat a proteinelor d i n hrana omului, implicd extinderea g i agexarea
pe temelii noi a tuturor investigajiilor de xootehnie g i patologie aviard. flztrudt ambele
domenii se sprijind pe aprofundate cunogtinje de morfologie, tntocmirea unor asqel
de lucrdri s-a impus tot mai mutt ca o necesitate de prim ordin. Acest Atlas de ana-
tbmie a p%s5rilor domestice nu constituie dectt o modest6 ~eplicdla aceastd impe-
rioasii chemare.
SintetixQnd propria striidanie de aproape doud decenii, atlasul conjine 364 de
plange originale, Qn totalitatea lor emecutate la masa de disecjie. Pentru realixarea
lor a u fost folosite aproximativ 400 de pdsdri (gdini, curci, rate g i g'igte), de rase
foarte variate. Pe ZQngd disecjiile clasice pe piese proaspete sau formotixate, Qnobser-
vajiile efectuate s-a recurs, uneori, Qnfunctie de neoesitdji, la preparate de coroxiune
(objinute prin injectarea vaselor cu latex, nitroceluloxd etc.), la piese transparentixate
dupd metode clasice, iar, alteori, Qncaxul stabilirii topografiei viscerelor toraco-abdo-
minale, la preparate congelate. 8-a abordat acest mod de prexentare a morfologiei
pdsdrilor, Qntructt consultarea sa Qndomeniul cercetiirii g i chiar QnQnvdjdm'int ni se
pare cQt se poate de expeditivd. Prin indicarea cu precixie a jiecdrui element ana-
tomic, considerdm cd orice inijiat este Qnmdsurd sd gdseascd pe plangd ama'nuntul
morfologic care Ql intereseax6, fiind scutit Qn acest mod de i!ectura, uneori, a unui
apreciabil numar de pagini.
Legendele plangelor s-au fdcut conform terminologiei internajiolzals, &n limb&
latinii. Deoarece pQnd On prexent nu exist6 o nomendatur6 oficialii adaptatd pdsd-
rilor, $-a utilixat, acolo zcnde a fost posibil, Nomina Anatomica Veterinaria (1973).
flz situajii cu totul speciale s-a fdcut apel la denumirile de cea mai largd circulafie,
fotosite Q n literatura consultatd, binetnteles re8pectQnd principiile stabilite de N.A.V.
Pentru realixarea acestei lucrdri, jinem sd consemndm stra'danis desenatoarelor
laboratorului nostru, Izllia Mihdilescu g i Carmen Sdndulescu, de a da nota artistic6
schijelor scoase de autori de pe piesele disecate. Le aducem pe aceastd cale mulfu9ni-
rile noastre.
Prof. V. GHETIE
AVANT-PROPOS
Contrairement b d'autres bspdces - notamment quelques mammifdres - qui ont
be'ne'ficie' au long des anne'es de la parution de nombreux travaux de synthdse traitant
de leur morphologie, les oiseaux domestiques ont fait l'objet d'un nombre r4du;t d'ou-
vrages, parus b de grands intervalles de temps.
Le de'veloppement actuel de l'aviculture, dont le but est d'assurer duns un pour-
centage de plus e n plus e'leve' les protzines de l'alimentatioin de l'homme, implique
l'extension et l'e'tablissement sur de nouvelles bases de toutes les investigations de zoo-
technie et de pathologie aviaire. Etant donne' que ces deux domaiwes se basent sur des
connaissances approfondies de morphologie, l'e'laboration de tels travaux s'est impose'e
de plus e n plus comme une ne'cessite' de premier ordre. Notre Atlas d'anatomie des
oiseaux domestiques ne constitue qu'une modeste riplique b cette impe'rieuse nkces-
site'. Fruit de notre activite' de plus de deux de'cennies, l'atlas comprend 364 planches
originales, exe'cute'es toutes b la table de dissection. Pour son e'laboration ont e'te' utili-
se'es approximativement 400 volailles (poules, dindes, canards et oies), de races trBs
varie'es. Outre les dissections classiques sur des pibces fraBches ou formolise'es, nous
avons ut4ise' parfois duns nos observations, en fonction des ne'cessite's, des prkparations
de corrosion (obtenues e n injectant les vaisseaux avec d u latex, de la nitrocellulose,
etc.), des piecds rendues transparentes selon des me'thodes classiques, et parfois, duns
le cas de l'e'tablissement de la topographie des viscdres thoraco-abdominales, des pre'pa-
rations congele'es. Nous avons aborde' ce mode de pre'sentation de la morphologie des
oiseaux parce que nous conside'rons qu'il permet une consultation expdditive aussi
bien dxns le domlcine de la recherche qzce duns celui de l'enseignement. Chaque dle'ment
anatomique e'tant indique' avec pre'cision, le spe'cialiste peut trouver sur la planche Ze
de'tail morphologique qui l'ifite'resse sans Btre obligd de lire un nombre conside'rable
de pages.
Les explications des figures respectent la terminologie latine internationale.
Comme on ne possdde pas jusqu'b pre'sent une ~omenclatureofficielle pour les oiseaux,
on a utilist?, Zb oh cela a e'te' possible, Nomina Anatomica Veterinaria (1973). Dans des
situations tout d fait spe'ciales on a fait appel a u x adnominations les plus re'pandues,
utilisies duns la litte'rature conszclte'e, e n respectant les principes e'tablis par la N.A.V.
Nous remercions par cette voie les dessinatrices de notre laboratoire, IuZia
Mihdilescu et C ~ r m s nSdndulescu, qui ont contribue' b la re'alisation de cet ouvrage
par la note artistique donne'e a u x esqztisses faites par nous d'aprds les pieces dissdqzldes.
Professeur V. GHETIE
PREFACE
I f certain species, especially mammals, enjoyed the attention of numerous auihors
who dealt with their morphology in synthesis works, domestic birds wcre little and
rarely dwelt upon.
T h e present development of poultry rearing, aimed at providing man's food
with a high protein content, requires the extension and modernization of zootechny and
avian pathology research. A s these specialities are based on the thorough knowledge of
morphology, the elaboration of such works appeared as a first-order necessity. T h e
Anatomical atlas of domestic birds i s a modest response to this demand.
Synthesizing our twenty-year-long endeavour, the atlas comprises 364 orig-
inal plates, all of them emecuted at the dissection table; there were used about 400 do-
mestic fowls (hens, turkey-hens, ducks, and geese) belonging to various races. Besides
classical dissections on ,fresh or formolizcd specimens, the authors sometimes resorted to
corrosion preparations (obtained by injecting the vessels with latex, nitrocelZulose, etc.),
to specimens rendered transparent by classical methods, or - when describikg the topo-
graphy of thoracoabdominal viscera- to freezed preparations. T h i s mode of present-
ing the avian morphology was chosen as i t allows a n easy consultation both for research
workers and members of the teaching staff. T h e precise indication of every anato-
mical elewient gives the possibility to find the required morphological detail, thus making
unnecessary the perusal of a considerable number of pages.
T h e explanation of plates follows the international Latin terminology. A s a n
official nomenclature for birds i s so far missing, the authors have utilized, where
i t was possible, Nomina Anatomica Veterinaria (1973). In altogether special situations,
they resorted to wide-circulation denominations found i ~the & consulted literature, re-
specting the principles established by N.A.V.
W e gratefully acknowledge the efforts made by the drawers of our laboratory,
Iulia Mihdilescu and Carmen S&ndulescu, to ensure the artistic presentation of the
sketches taken ajter the dissected material.
Prof. V. G H E ~ E
BBEAEHME
Ecnu 06 odnux paanosudnocmaz wusomnbzx, oco6enno o wJzexonumamqux, na
npomawenuu wnozux nem 6aznu nanucanaz wnozouucnennbze o606qamque mpydaz, mo
am020 nenbaw cxa3amb o dowaunux nmuqax, o xomopbzx nucanocb 6006qe Mano u pedxo.
B nacmoxqee speww paasumue nmuqesodcmsa, npwwoii aadaueii xomopozo wsna-
emca sce 6onbwee nosazulenue codepwanu.z npomeuna s nuqe qewosexa, sneuem aa co6oii
paculupenue u pa3pa6omlty na ~ocoiiocnose scecmopoi-tlzux uabzckanuii 6 o6nacmu aoonozuu
u namonozuu dowaulnux nmuq. B cswau c mew, umo 06e sbzuleynowanymbze o6nacmu
uccnedosanuii naxodamcw s npawoii aasucu~ocmu om zny6oxozo ananuw wop$onozuu,
cocmas~cenue nodo6nozo poda pa6om uweem nepsocmenen~oe s~uzlenue. llpednazaewbzii
snuaai-lum uumams.aeli A ~ a ~ o ~ ~ s e c : ~a m
i rar ci iAoMarrrHmx nmq mnwemca numb c~po~nbzw
omsemo~na nacmoamenbnym nompe6nocmb socnonnumb emu naxynbz.
O606yan mpyd noumu dsyx decxmunemuii, amnac codepwum 364 opuzuuanbnbze
CX%UbZ, nOAMOCmbH)6bZnOAMeHFlbZe MU aHUlYL9MUU 'CK0.U Cm9nZ. a&.$ U X Ocy'U4eCm6JceMU.R6b2~0
ucnonbaosano oxono 400 e~aewnnaposnmuq (xypuqb~,undeiixu, ymxu u zycu) cahtbzx pa3-
noo6pasnbzx nopod. ITowuwo xnaccuuecxozo anamowuposanua nu csemux mpynax unu
npenapuposalznbzx ~fiop~u.~unont, npu nposedenuu onbzmoa unozda, 6 aasucuwocmu om
mmpe6nocmu, npubezanu x ~opposuiinazmnpenapamaM (nonyuennizw nymefi unaexquu
cocydos Jcarnexcow, numpo~nemuamxoii u dp.), na ,,onpa3pauennbzx" xqaccuuecxuwu
wemodawu mpynax, a unozda, s cnyqae sbzasnenua monozpa@uuzpydo6pmulnbzx snympen-
H U X opzanos, na aauopawennbzx npenapamax. Asmopom 6azn ucnowbaosan da~lnbzii&em&
npeaenmaquu wop$fionozuu nmuy, u60, no ezo wnenum, on asnaemca nau6onee onepamus-
nbzw xax npu uccnedosanuax, max u s npoqecce o6y~lenua.Yxasbesaa c 6ofibwoii mounocmbm
~awdbziianamowuuecxuii enewenm, waz nonazaew, umo nm60ii nocsaqennbzii 6 dannbzii
sonpoc 13 cocmownuu naiimu na cxewe unmepecymyym ezo wop$onozu~tecxym demanb.
Ta~unzoi;paao.w, vumtrn?cdb 6ydem ocso6o~cdenom 06pe~enumenanozoumenua 60nbuloso
xo,nuvecmsa cmpanuq.
Jesendbz K cxewax, coznacno mewdynapodnoii mep~unonozuu,danbz na namuncxow
w3bzxe. B cswau c mew, umo do nacmowyezo spewenu ne cyqecmsyem cmp~~o~eznanenmupo-
sannoii nowenxnamypbz, nawu 6bZ~aucnonbaosana mepwunonozua ua Nomina Anatomies
Veterinara (1973). B oco6bzx cnyuaax wbz 06paqanucb K 06qenpun~mazwnauwenosanufiw,
ucnonbayembzw s xoncynbmupyewbzx ucmounuxax, coxpansdm npu emow. paay~eemcw,
npunqunbz, ycmanosnennbze s N.A.V.
Y R C ~ asmopaz npunocam zny60xym 6nazodapnocmb Junuu M'UXLIU-
~ ~ O J Z ~ ~cnyuaeA,
Jcecxy u flapwen Cendynecxy - uepmemnuqaw naueii na6opamopuu, so wnozow cnoco6-
cmsosasuluw ucyqecmsnenum pa6ombz 6bzcoxo X Y ~ O W ~ C ~ B ~ H H o$opwJcenuew
~ Z Y cxeu, cde-
nannbzx asmopawu r~rnocpedcmsennoc npenapupoeannbzz wusomnazx.
OISEAUX DOMESTIQUES
THE DOMESTIC BIRDS I
j _ I I O M A W H M E IITMUbl
2
..CUROAN (MELEAGRIS GALLOPAVO)
LE DINDON
THE TURKEY
+ EHfiEUKA
3
..
GISCA ( A X S E R DOMESTICUS)
L'OLE
THE GOOSE
rum
.. RATA (ANAS DOMESTICA)

LE CANARD
THE DUCK
YTIEA
+ BIBILICA ( N U M I D A M E L E A G R I S )
5 + LA
+ THE GUINEA-FOWL
+ IIECAPKA
+ PORUMBEL (C!OLbhIBA D O M E S T I C A )
+ Le PIGEON
6 + THE PIGEON
+ ronvsr,
A - creasta / crCte / comb / rpe6eHb ; a - ciocul / bec 1 beak / joint / nonxoneHox ; w - tarso-rnetatarsul / tarso-metatarsus /
[KJIIOB ; b - fruntea / front / forehead / n o 6 ~ aW~C T b ; c - tarso metatarsus, nnmcHa ; y - pintenul / crgot /spur / mno-
cre~tetul/ sommet / crown / Term ; d - ceafa / nuque 1 back- p a ; z - degetele / doigts / toes I nanbubI; 1 - lantete /
~ ~ ; e - ochiul / ceil / eye / rna3 ;
head / . s a ~ b ~ n o q a aYaCTb lancettes / lancet feathers I n a ~ u e ~ ~onepeme
oe ; 2 - remi-
f - urechea / oreille /ear / yxo ; g - fata /face /face / nxxqeBaH ge secundare / remiges secondaires / secondaries / BTOPOCTe-
¶ a c ~ b; h - bgrbita / barbillon /wattle 1 6 0 p o ~ ;~j a- gitul / neHHoe MaxoBoe nepo ; 3 - remige primare / remiges pri-
cou /neck 1 meH ; k - spinarea / dos / dorsum / cnHaaaH maires / primaries / nepBocTeneHHoe MaXoBOe nepo ; 4 -
qaCTb ; 1 - pieptul / poitrine / breast / rpyAb ; m - abdome- rectrice / rectrices / rcctrices / pyneBoe onepeHkie ; 5 - rec-
~ ; p - aripa / aile /
nu1 / ventre / abdomen / 6 p 1 o m ~ asacTb trice (secerile mari $i mici) / rectrices (grandes faucilles et
wing / KpbIno; u - gamba / jambe /shank / POJIeHb ;V - ar- petites faucilles) / rectrices (long and short sickle-like fea-
ticulatia tibio-metatarsiang / art. tibio-m8tatarsien3e / hock thers) / pyneBoe cepnoBHAHoe onepeme (6onbmoe H ~ a n o e ) .
+ RCWNILE CORPORALE LA C O C O ~(FARA P ~ N A J )
LES REGIONS CORPOELELhl3S DU COQ (SANS PLUNZAChE)
8 + THE BODILY RIGKONs OF THE COCK (WZTHQUT WEATHER COAT)
+ ¶ACTH TEJIA IIETYXA (BE3 OIIEPEHMSI)
:l- ciocul / bec / beak / KnmB ; b - fruntea / front/ fore- nus / S~XHEIB IIPOXOA ; o - bratul / bras / arm / nnero ; p -
'
head / n o 6 ~ a racm
~ ; c - cre~tetul/ sommet / crown / antebratul / avant-bras / forearm / npennneqbe ; r - vfrful
TeMrr ; d - ceafa / nuque / backhead / sa~b~nO¶~afX 9aCTb ; aripii / pointe de l'aile / t i p of the wing / s e p x y m ~ aq a n a ;
,
e - ochiul / mil / eye rnas; f - urechea / oreille / ear 1 s - coapsa / cuisse / thigh I 6 e ~ p o ; t - genunchiul / genou /
yxo ; g - fata / face / face 1 nHqeBafX sacTb ; h - bgrbita / knee I KoneHo ; n - gamba / jambe / shank I roJreHb ; v -
barbillon I wattle 1 6 o p o a ~ a ;i - gitlejul / gosier / gullet I
rnoTpa ; j - gftul / cou / neck / m e B ~ ;a k - spinarea / dos /
dorsum 1 cntmKa ; k' - crupionul / croupion / tail 1 KpecTeq ;
articulatia tibio-metatarsiang / art. tibio-mktatarsienne /hock
joint / no,qKoneHoK; w - tarso-metatarsul / tarso-m6ta-
,
'
1 - pieptul / poitrine I breast I rpyaKa: m - abdomenul / tarsus / tarso-metatarsus I nnmcHa ; y - pintenui /ergot /spur I
I
ventre I abdomen / 6pmm~arrracTb; n - anusul /anus / a - rrrnopa ; z - degetele Idoigts / toes / nanbqbI.
ii
REGIUNILE CORPORALE LA RATA (CU PENAJ)
LES R m I O N S CORPORELLES D U W A S D (COWERT DE RLUMES)
9 THE BODILY REGJONS OF 'IUiE DUCK (WITH FEATHER COAT)
'XACTH TEJIA YTKH (C OIIEPEIIHEM)
a - ciocul / bec / beak / KnmB ; b - baza ciocului / base du onul / croupion / tail / XBOCT; m - pieptul / poitrine /
bec /base of the beak / OCHOBaHHe KnIoBa ; C - fruntea / breast / npynb ; n - abdomenul / ventre / abdomen / 6pmm-
front / forehead / J I O ~ H ~ RsacTb ; d - crevtetul / sommet / Has racm ; o - anusul / anus / anus / 3 a ~ ~ npoxon ~ f i ;
crown / TeMn ; e - ceafa / nuque / backhead / aaTbInoYHaR p - aripa / aile / wing / Kpbrno ; r - articulatia tibio-
qacm ; f - gltlejul / gosier / gullet / rnoma ; g - ochiul /mil / metatarsians ;/art. tibio-mktafarsienne /hock joint / nonKone-
eye / ma3 ; h - fata / face / face / nnqesarr qaCTb ; i - ure- HOK; s - gamba / jambe / shank / rojreHb ; t - genun-
chea I oreille / ear / yxo ; j - gitul / cou / neck I men; chiul / genou / knee / KoneHo; u - piciorul /pied / leg /
k - spinarea / dos / dorsum / cnnHHan YacTb ; 1 - crupi- nana ; v - degetele / doigts /toes IIlaJIbqbI.
+ REGIUNILE CORPORALE LA -A I(FARA P E W )
+ LES REGIONS CORPORELIJ%?lDU CANARD (SANS PLU-GE)
lo + THE BODILY REGIONS OF THE DUCK (WITHOUT FEATHER COAT)
+ U C T H TEJIA YTECH ( B E 3 OIIEPEHHSI)
a - ciocul / bec /beak / HnIOB ; b - baza ciocului / base du n - abdomenul / ventre I abdomen / 6p1olu~arr sacTb;
bee / base of the beak / OCHOBaHEze KJfKbBEl; C - fruntea / o - anusul / anus / anus / 3 a g ~ ~ lnpoxon
B ;p - aripa / aile /
front 1 forehead / n o 6 ~ asacTb~ ; d - rrerjtetul / sommet / wing / KpbIno ; r - articulatia tibio-metatarsiang /art. tibio-
crown / TeMH ; e - ceafa / nuque I backhcad / aaTbInosHm mbtatarsienne / ~ O C Kjoint /noAKoneHoK ; s - gamba / jambe /
sacTb ; f - gitlejul / gosier / gullet / rnoTIca; g - ochiul / shank / roJIeHb ; t - genunchiul / genou / knee I HOJIeHO ; 11 -
mil / eye / rna3 ; h - fata / face / face / nHqesarr 9aCTb ; piciorul / pied / leg / narra; u' - degetele / doigts / toes /
i - urechea / oreille / ear / yxo ; j - gltul / cou /neck / m e P ~ ;a nanbqbl ;v- bratul /bras /arm / nneso ; w-antebratul /avant-
k - spinarea / dos / dorsum / cnnHKa ; 1 - crupionul / crou- bras / forearm / npegnneube ; z - virful aripii / pointe de
pion / tail / HpecTeq ; m - pieptnl 1 poitrine I breast / FPYAHa ; l'aile / tip of the wing / BepxyurKa KpbIna.
OSTEOLOGIA
OSTEOLOGIE
OSTEOLOGY
OCTEOJIOrMR
+ SCHELETUL DE GAINA
+ SQUELETTE DE LA POULE
l1 + THE SKELETON OF THE HEN
+.CECEJIET ECYPH4bI
1 - 0 s incisiuum ; 2 - Xares ; 3 - 0 s nasale ; 4 - 0 s lacrimale ;

5 - 0 s dentale ; 6 - 0 s palatinum ; 7 - 0 s quadratojugale ; 8 - 0 s
plerygoideum ; 9 - 0 s quadratum ; 10 - 0 s articulare ; 11 - Atlas ;
12 - A x i s ; 1 3 - Vertebrae ceruicales ; 14 - Clavicula ;15 - 0 s Cora-
coides ; 16 - Scapula ; 17 - Humerus ; 18 - Radius ; 19 - Ulna ;
20 - 0 s carpi radiale ; 21 - 0 s carpi ulnare ; 22 - Digitus I I ;
23 - 0 s metacarpale 111; 24 - 0 s metacarpale I V ; 25 - Digitus I I Z ;
26 - Digitus I V ; 27 - Vertebrae thoracicae ; 28 - Costa uertebralis ;
29 - Costa sternalis ; 30 - Processus uncinatus ; 31 - Sternum ;
32 - Processus costalis ; 33 - Processus thoracicus ; 34 - Processus
abdominaiis ;35 - 0 s ilium ;36 - 0 s ischii ;37 - 0 s pubis ;38 - Fora-
men ischiadicum ; 39 - Foramen obturatum ; 40 - Vertebrae caudales :
41 - Pygostylus ; 42 - 0 s femoris ; 43 - Patella ; 44 - Tibiotarsus ;
45 - Fibula; 46 - Tarsometatarsus; 47 - 0 s mefatarsale I ; 48-
52 - Phalanges digiti I V .
12
..
SCHELEl?UL DE GISCA
SQUEILETTE DE L'OKE
SKELETON OF THE GOOSE
CICEJIETryca
1 - Digitus Z Z Z ; 2 - Digitus I V ; 3 - 0 s melacarpnlc Z V ;

4 - 0 s metacarpale 111; 4 - 0 s carpi ulnzre ; 6 - Digitus 11;
-
7 - 0 s carpi radiale ; 8 - Radius ; 9 - Ulna ; 10 Humerus ;
11 - Scapula ; 12 - 0 s coracoides ; 13 - Clavicula ; 14 - Crista
slerni ; 15 - Processus carinae ; 16 - Pro-
cessus abdominalis ;17 - Znc. sterni ; 18 -
Costa uertebralis ; 19 - Costa sternalis;
20 - Processus uncinatus ;21 - Costa aster-
nalis ; 22 - Patella ; 23 - Tibiotarsus ;
24 - Fibula ; 25 - Tarsometatarsus ;26 -
0 s metatarsale 1 ; 27-31 - Phalanges digili
ZV ; 32 - Pygostylus ; 33 - Vertebrae cau-
dales ;34 - 0 s ischii ;35 - 0 s pubis ;36 -
Foramen obturatum ;37 - Foramen ischiadi-
cum ; 38 - 0 s femoris ; 39 - 0 s ilium ;
40 - Vertebrae thoracicae ; 40' - Vertebrae
ceruicales ;41 - A x i s ;42 - Atlas ;43 - 0 s
frontale; 44 - 0 s articulare ;45 - 0 s lacri-
male ; 46 - 0 s quadratojugale ; 47 - 0 s
nasale ; 48- 0 s dentate ; 49 - Maxilla ;
50 - 0 s incisiuum.
+ MECANISMUL DE MISCARE AL VALVEI SUPERIOARE LA R A W
+ RlECANISME DU MOUV-T DE X A VALVE SUPERJEURE DU BmC DU CANAED
+ KLNESIS MECHANISM O F TRE BEAK IN !CEiE DUCK
+ ABHrATEJIbHbIH MEXAHHPM BEPXHEm CTBOPICH YTICLl
A - In repaus; B - h mi~care.
a - 0 s quadrafum; b - 0 s zygomaticum; c -0s pferygoi-
deum; d - Maxilla; e - 0 s palatinum.
+ CAPUL OSOS LA C U R W (FACIES LATERALIS)
+ TETE OSSEUSE DU DINDON
14 + SKULL OF THE TURKEY
+ CKEJIET I'OJIOBbI EiHAEmIEH
A - Mandibula; B - Dentalc; C - Su-

praangulare ; D - Articulare ; E - An-
gulare ;E' - Processus angularis poslerior.
a - 0 s supraoccipitale; a' - 0 s exoccipi-
talc; h - 0 s parietale; c - 0 s temporale,
pars squamosa ; c' - Processus zygoma-
ticus; c" - Porus acusticus externus;
d - 0 s quadratum; d' - Processus oti-
cus ; d" - Processus orbitalis; e - Pro-
cessus orbitalis aboralis; f - 0 s frontale;
g - 0 s quadratojugale; h - 0 s jugale;
i - Processus nasalis maxillae ;i f - Pro-
cessus zygomatieus maxillae; j - 0 s
incisivum s. premaxilla; j'- Processus
frontalis ossis incisivi ; j" - Processus
maxillaris ; k - Foramen n. optici ;
I - 0 s lacrimale; 1' - Processus orbi-
talis oralis ;m - 0 s palatinum ; n - 0 s
nasale ; n' - Processus intermaxillaris ;
n" -. Processus maxillaris ossis nasalis ; o - Naris:
r - 0 s pterygoideum ;v - Vomer ;w - 0 s ethmoidale :
x - Septum interorbitale ;x' - Foramen n. olfactorii.
+ CAPUL OSOS LA CUR- (FACIES DORSALIS)

15 + SKULL OF THE TURKEY
+ CKEJIET I'OJIOBbI HHAEmKH
a - 0 s supraoccipitale ; a' - 0 s exoccipitale ; b - 0 s parietale ;

b' - Fonfanella ;c - 0 s temporale, pars squamosa ;d - 0 s quadra-
t u m ; e - Processus orbitalis aboralis ; f - 0 s frontale ; g - 0 s
quadratojugale ; h - 0 s jugale ; i - Processus nasalis maxillae ;
i' - Processus zygomatieus maxillae ;j 7 0 s incisivum s. prema-
xilla ; j' - Processus frontalis ;j" - Processus maxillaris ;1 - 0 s
lacrimale; m - 0 s palatinum ;n - 0 s nasale ;o - Nares.
16 .
+ CAPUL 0 9 0 s LA CU'BCIAN ( r A C I E S V E N T R A L I S )
s I t u m OF THE TURKEY
+,CICEJIET F O J I O B b I EiHAEnIEIl
a' - 0 s exoccipitale; a" - Condylus occipitalis; a"' - Fossa

subcondylica; a"" - Foramen occipitale magnum; d - 0 s
quadratum; d' - Processus oticum quadrali ; d" - Processus
orbitalis quadrati ; g - 0 s quadratojugale; h - 0 s jugale;
i - Processus nasalis maxillae; i' - Processus zygomaticus
maxillae; i" - Processus palatinus maxillae; j - 0 s inci-
sivum s. premaxilla ; j' - Processus frontalis ; j" - Pro-
cessus maxillaris ; j"' - Processus palatinus; 1 - 0 s lacri-
male; 1' - Processus orbitalis oralis; m - 0 s palatinum;
n - 0 s nasale; o - Narcs; p - Presphenoid; r - 0 s ptery-
goideum; s - Foramen tubae auditiuae; t - Basisphenoid;
t' - Alisphenoid; u - Foramen caruticum et jugulare; v -
Vomer.
+ CAPUL OSOS LA GBCA (FACIES LATERALIS)

+ TBTE OSSEUSE DE L'(hIE
17 + saum OF THE GOOSE
+ CICEJIET I'OJIOBbI I'YCSI talc ; g - 0 s quadratojugale ; h - 0 s jugale ;i - Maxilla ;
I
I
if - Processus zygomaticus maxillae; j - 0 s incisivum s.
premaxilla ; j' - Processus frontalis ossis incisiui ; j" -
A - Mandibula ; B - Dentale; C - Supraangularc; D - Processus maxillaris; k - Foramen opticum; 1 - 0 s lacri-
Ar ficulare ;E - Angulare ;E' - Processus angularis posterior. male; m - 0 s palatinum ; n - 0 s nasale; n' - Processus
a - 0 s supraoccipitale; a" - Condylus occipitalis; a"" - inlermaxillaris; nu - Processus maxillaris ossis nasalis;
Foramen occipitale magnum ; b - 0 s parietale; c - 0 s tem- o - Naris; r - 0 s pterygoideum; t' - Alisphenoid; t" - I
porale, pars spuamosa; c' - Porus acuslicus externus; Foramen n. trigemini; v - Vomer; w - 0 s ethmoidale; x -
d - 0 s quadraturn ; d' , -
Processus oticus ; d" Processus Septum interorbitale; x' - Foramfna n. olfactorii; y - Fonta- i
orbitalis; e - Processus orbitalis aboralis; f - 0 s fron- nella ; z - Processus temporalis.

+ CAPUL OSOS LA GISCA (FACIES DORSALIS)
18 + TETE OSSEUSE DE L'OIE
SIZULL OF ?DHE GOO,SE
CIEEJIET I'OJIOBbI I'YCSI
a - 0 s supraoccipilale ; h - 0 s parietale ;d - 0 s quadralum;

e - Processus orbitalis aboralis; f - 0 s frontale ;f' - Prefron-
tale ; g - 0 s quadratojugale ; h - 0 s jugale ; i' - Processus
zygomaticus maxillae ; i" - Processus palatinus maxillae ;
j - 0 s incisivum s. premaxilla; j' - Processus frontalis;
j" - Processus maxillaris; 1 - 0 s lacrimale; 1' - Processus
orbitalis oralis; n - 0 s nasale; o - Naris.
+ CAPUL OSOS LA GISCA (FACIES VENTRALIS)

TETE OSSEUSE DE L'OIE
19 + SKULL OF 'IWE GOOSE
+ CIEEJIET I'OJIOBbI I'YCSI
a' - 0 s exoccipitale; a" - Condylus occipitalis; a"' - Fossa
subcondylica; a"" - Foramen occipitale magnum ; d - 0 s
quadratum; d' - Processus oticus; e - Processus orbitalis
aboralis ;g - 0 s quadratojugale ;h - 0 s jugale ;i - Processus
nasalis maxillae ;i' - Processus zygomaficus maxillae ; i" -
Processus palatinus maxillae; j - 0 s incisivum s. prema-
xilla ;j" - Processus maxillaris ;j"' - Processus palatinus ;
1 - 0 s lacrimale; 1' - Processus orbitalis oralis; m - 0 s
palatinurn; p - Presphenoid; r - 0 s pterygoideum; s -
Foramen tubae auditivae; t - Basisphenoid; t' - Alisphe-
noid; u - Foramen caroiicum ; v - Vomer ; z - Processus
temporalis.
CAPUL OSOS LA GISCA CARUNCULATA (E'ACIES LATERALIS)
+ TETE OSSEUSE D E L'OIE CHINOISE
20 + SKULL OF THE CHINESE GOOSE
+ CIEEJIET FOJIOBbI KHTABCIEOFO FYCH
A - Mandibula; B - Dentale : C - Supraangulare; D - incisivum; j' I Processus frontalis ossis incisiui; j" - Pro-
Articulare ;E - Angulare; E'- Proccssus angularis posterior. cessus maxillarrs; k - Foramen opticum; I - 0 s lacrimale;
a - 0 s supraoeeipitale; a" - Condylus occipitalis; b - 0 s m - 0 s palatinum; n - 0 s nasale; n' - Processus intermu-
pariefale; c - 0 s temporale, pars squamosa; c' - Porus xillaris ossis nasalis; n" - Processus maxillaris ossis nasalis;
acusticus externus; d - 0 s quadratum; d' - Processus oticus; o - Naris; r - 0 s pterygoideum; t - Alisphenoid; t' - Fo-
d" - Processusorbitalis ossis quadrafi; e - Processus orbi-
- 0 s frontalis ; g - 0 s zygomaticum;
ramen n. trigemini; v - Vomer ; w - 0 s ethmoidale; x -
talis aboralis ; f Septum interorbitale; x' - Foramina n , olfuetorii; z - Pro-
i - Maxilla; i' - Processus zygomaticus mrtxillae; j - 0 s cessus temporalis.
21
.
+ CAPUL OSOS LA RATA (FACIES L A T E R A L I S )
TETE OSSEUSE DU CANARD
SKULL OF THE DUCK
+ CICEJIET FOJIOBbI YTICIl
A - Mandibula ; B - Dentale ; C - Supraangulare ; D - Articulare ;

E - Angulare ; E' - Processus angularis posterior.
a - 0 s supraoccipitale ; a" - Condylus occipitalis ; b - 0 s parietale ;
c - 0 s femporale, pars squamosa ; c" - Porus acusiicus externus ;
d - 0 s quadratum ; e - Processus orbitalis aboralis ; f - 0 s frontale;
g - 0 s quadratojugale ; h - 0 s jugale ; i - Processus nasalis maxillae ;
i' - Processus zygomaticus maxillae ; j - 0 s incisivum s. premaxilla;
j' - Processus frontalis ;j" - Processus maxillaris ;k - Foramen opficum ;
1 - 0 s lacrimale ; 1' - Processus orbitalis oralis ; m - 0 s palatinum ;
n - 0 s nasale; n' - Processus maxillaris ossis nasalis ; n" - Pro-
cessus intermaxillaris ossis nasalis ; o - Naris ; r - 0 s pterygoideum ;
1' - Alisphenoid ;t" - Foramen n . trigemini ;v - Vomer ;w - 0 s efhmoi-
dale ;x - Septum interorbitale ;x' - Foramen n. olfactorii ;y - Fontanella ;
z - Processus temporalis.
22
..
+ CAPUL osos LA RATA (E'ACIES DORSALIS)
SKULL OF THE DUCK
CICEJIET FOJIOBbI YTICH
a - 0 s supraoccipitale; b - 0 s parietale; e - Processus

orbitalis aboralis; f - 0 s frontale :f' - Prefrontale ;g - 0 s
quadratojugale; h - 0 s jugale; i - Processus zygomaticus
maxillae; j - 0 s incisivum s. premaxilla ; j' - Processus
frontalis; j" - Processus maxillaris; 1' - Processus orbitalis
oralis; n - 0 s nasale; o - Naris.
* CAPUL OSOS L A RATA (FACIES V E N T R A L I S )
23 SKULL OF TNE DUCK
CIEEJIET rOJlOBblfYTMII
a' - 0 s cxoccipitale; a" - Condylus occipitalis; a"' - Fossa

subcondylica; a"" - Foramen occipitale magnum; d - 0 s
quadratum; e - Processus orbitalis aboralis; g - 0 s quadra-
fojugale ;h - 0 s jugalc ;i' - Processus zygomaticus maxillae ;
i" - Processus palatinus maxillae; i"' - Sulcus palatinus;
j - 0 s incisivum s. prernaxilla; j" - Processus maxillaris;
j"' - Processus palatinus; 1' - Processus orbitalis oralis:
m - 0 s palatinum; p - Presphenoid; r - 0 s pterygoideum:
s - Foramen tubae auditivae; t - Basisphcnoid; t' - Ali-
sphenoid; z - Processus temporalis.
4 CXPUL OSOS DE PORUMBEL

TETE OSSEUSE D U PIGEON
24 SKULL OF !@HE PIGEON
CIEEJIET I'OJIOBbI ronym
1 - Facics lateralis; 2 - Facics dorsalis; 3 - Facies vclltralis.

A , B - Dcntale; C - Supraangularc; D - Articularc;
E - Angulare.
a - 0 s supraoccipitale; a' - 0 s exoccipitalc; a" - Condylus
occipitalis; a"' - Foramen occipitalc magnum; b - 0 s pa-
rietale ; c - 0 s temporale, pars squamosa; c" - Porus
acusticus externus ; e - Processus orbitalis aboralis; f - 0 s
frontale; g - 0 s quadratojugalc; h - 0 s jugalc; if - Pro-
cessus zy~omaticus maxillae; j - 0 s incisivum s. prema-
xilla ; j' - Processus frontalis; 1 - 0 s lacrimale ; m - 0 s
palatinum ; n - 0 s nasale ; o - N a r i s ; p - Prcsphenoid;
r - 0 s pterygoideum ; t - Basisphenoid; t' - Alisphenoid;
x - Septum interorbitale; w - 0 s ethmoidale.
+ CAPUL OSOS (FACIES NUCHALIS)
TETE OSSEUSE DU DINDON (A) ET DE L'OIE (B)
25 o SKULL OF THE TURKEY (A) AND GOOSE (B)
+ s E P E I I HHAEmIEH (A) EI I'YCR ( B )
A - curcan ; B - glscg. f - Foramen caroticum el foramen jugulare; g - Foramen

nerui vagi ; h - Foramen nervi hypoglossi ; i - Processus
a - Supraoccipitale ; b - Exoccipitale ; c - Basioccipitale; orbitalis aboralis; j - Processus temporalis; 1 - Fontanella;
d - Condylus occipitalis; e - Foramen occipitale magnum; m - Crista dorsalis; n - Crista ventralis.
+ CAVITATEA CRANIANA (FACIES V E N T R A L I S )

+ CAVPrE ORANIENNE DU DINDON (A) ET DE L'OIE (B)
26 + CBANIAL CAVITY OF THE TURKEY (A) AND GOOSE (B)
+ rIEPEIIHAR IIOJIOCTb IlHAEmIEEI (A) &I I'YCSf (B)
A - curcan ; B - glscH men opticurn ;g - Foramen olfactorium; g' - Foramen ethmoi-

a - Fossa cranii nasalis; b - Processus orbitalis aboralis; dale; h - Foramen nervi oculomotorii ; i - Foramen nervi
b' - Foramen vasculare; c - Fossa cranii lateralis; d - abducentis; i' - Foramen nervi ophthalmici ; j - Condylus
Fossa cranii caudalis : e - Fossa cranii rnedialis; f - Fora- occipitalis; 2 - Processus temporalis.
+ HIATUL CAROTXCO-JUGUIAE L A CUIhCAN
+ HIATUS CAROTEO-JUGULAIXW D U DWDON
27 + CAROTICO-JUGULAR HIATUS OF THE TURKEY
COHHO-SIPEMHOE OTBEPCTHE HHAEBKH
a - Foramen n. uagi; b - Foramen aborale canalis

n . facialis; c - Foramina nerui hypoglossi; d -
Foramen aborale canalis carotici ; e - Foramen r a m i
anastomot ici n . glossopharyngei c u m n . t emporolacri-
m a l i ; f - Foramen n. glossophargngei; g - Foramen
canalis u . a u r i s infernae (Gadow); h - Foramen
tendin is in. extmcolurnellaris.
+ HIAl'UL CAROTICO-JUGU!LAR L A GISCA

+ HIATUS CAROTZCO-JUGULALRE DE L'OIE
28 + CAROTICO-JUGULAR HIATUS OF THE GOOSE
+ COHHO-SIPEMHOE OTBEPCTHE FYCSI
a - Foramen n . uagi; b - Foramen aborale canalis

n . facialis ; c - Foramina nervi hypoglossi ; d -
Foramen aborale canalis carot;ci ; f - Foramen n .
glossopharyngei; g - Foramen canalis u . auris inter-
n a e (Gadow).
FOSA TIIWpANO-AURIICULARA LA CURCAN
+ FOSSE TYMPANO-AURECUIAEBE DU DINDON
29 + TFMPANO-AURICULAR FOSSA OF THE TURKEY
+ BAPABAHHO-YIUHAJI JIMA HHAEPKH
a - Foramen recessus tympantci supenoris ;

b - Recessus stapedialis; c - Foramen
recessus tympanici posterior is ; d - Fora-
m e n tendinis m . extracoltzmellaris; e -
Foramen aborale tubae auditiuae ; f - Cana-
lis n . palatini V I I ; g - Foramen recessus
tympanici anterioris ; h - Foramen tympa-
nicus canalis n . facialis; i - Foramen
ccnalis v. auris internae (Gadow).
+ FOSA TIMPANO-A-IC-A LA GfSCA

+ FOSSE TYWANO-AURXCULALRE DE L'OIE
+ TYNIPXNO-AURICULAR FOSSA OF THE GOOSE
+ BAPABAHHO-YIIIHASI SIMA r Y C a
a - Foramen recrssus tympanici superioris ; b -

Recessus stapedialis; c - Foramen recessus tympa-
nici posterioris; d - Foramen canalis 0 . auris
internae {Gadow) ; e - Foramen aborale tubae
audifivae ; f - Canalis n . palatini V I I ; f4 -
Foramen recessus tympanici anterioris ; h - Foram
men tympanicus canalis n. facialis.
PERFORATIZLE COIVLPARTI!MZNTULUI POSTERIOR AL CUTXI31 CRANIENE LA CURCAN
e TROUS D U COMPAftTIMENT POST&tIEUR DE LA BOETE C R A N ~ N EDU DLNDON
31 *, HOLES OF THE POSTERIOR CRANIA& F M S A IN THE TURKEY
+ OTBEPCTHJI B BAAHEEi YACTH YEPEII.4 HHHEEiIEH
Fossa metotiea : a - Foramen orale canalis n . vagi ; b -

Foramen orale canalis n. glossopharyngei ; c - Foramen
rami anastomotici n. glossopharyngei c u m n . temporolacri-
mali ; d - Apertura externa canaliculi cochleae.
Porus aeustieus internus: 1 - Foramen n. ampullaris
anterioris ; 2 - Foramen n . ampullaris lateralis et n .
utricularis ; 3 - Foromen n. saccularis ; 4 - Foramen n.
ampullaris posterioris et rami neglecti ; 5 - Foramen canalis
n. facialis; 6 - Foramen n. cochlearis et n. lagenaris.
Perforatii singulare: 7 - Apertura externa aqueductus vesti-
buli ; e - Fossa subarcuata ; f - Foramen canalis v. auris
infernae (Gadow) ; g - Foramen canalis v. occipitalis
emissariae; h - Foramina n . hypoglossi.
32
.. PERFORATIILE COMPARTIMENTULUI POSTERIOR AL CUTJEI CRANIENl LA GISCA
TEOUS DU CfXWPARTJMENT POSTERJEUR DE LA BOITE C'RANIENNE DE L'OIE
HOLES OF THE POSTERIOR CRANIAL FOSSA IN THE GOOSE
+ OTBEPCTHH B 3AAHEn PACTH gEPEIIA I'YCSI
Fossa metotica: a - Foramen orale canalis n. vagi ; b - Foramen

orale canalis n. glassopharyngei ; c - Apertura externa canaliculi
cochleae ;
Porus acusticus internus: 1 - Foramen n. ampullaris anterioris;
2-Foramen n. ampullaris lateralis et n . utricularis; 3-Foramen
saccularis; 4 - Foramen n . ampullaris posterioris et r a m i neglecti:
5 - Foramen canalis n . facialis; 6 - Foramen n. cochlearis et
n. lagenaris.
Perforafii singulare : 7 - Apertura externa aqueductus vestibuli ;
d - Fossa subarcuata ;e - Foramen canalis v. occipitalis emissa-
riae ; f - Fontanella ; g - Foramina n . hypoglossi.
33 .
+ APARP TUL HIOIDIAN
+ APPAREIL HYOIDIEN DU DINDON (A) ET DU CANARD (B)
H Y O D BONE OF THE TURKEY (A) AND DUCK (B)
+ n o a s s r a a I s H a s I KOCTL H H A E ~ I C I (I. I ) II YTKH (B)
A - C L I I . C ~ I I; B - r a l i .
a - 0 s entoglossum; b - Basihyoi-
d e u m ; c - Urohyale; d - C a r i n a ;
e - Ceratohyoideum; f - Epihyoi-
deum.
34 .
+ VERTESRA CERVICALA
+ VERTEBRE C ERVICALE
CERVICAL VERTEBRA
+ LUEmHbIm II03BOHOIE.
1 - Processus spinoszts; 2 - Proces-

sus articularis cranialis; 3 - Proces-
bus articularis caudalis; 4 - Proces-
sus muscularis; 5 - Processus trans-
versus ; 6 - Processus costarius ;7 -
Facies terminalis cranialis ;8 - Crista
ventralis; 9 - Facies terminalis cau-
dalis; 10 - Foramen transuersarium ;
11 - Zncisura vertebralis caudalis.
+ ATIASUL
+ L'ATLAS DE L'OIE (A) ET DU DINDON (B)
35 + ATLAS OF THE GOOSE (A) AND TURKEY (B)
lIEPBLIn IIIEnHLIn II03BOHOI2 FYCm (A) I%EIHAEnIEII (B)
A - gisc5 ; B - curcan.
a - Foramen verfebrale ; b - Facies articularis
caudalis (terminalis) ;c - Processus articularis
caudalis ; d , h - Foramen transversarium ; e -
Arcus dorsalis ;f - Arcus ventralis ; g - Pro-
cessus muscularis.
+ AXISUL
+ L'AXIS DE L'OIE (A) ET DU DINDON (B)
36 + Axis OF THE GOOSE (A) AND TURKEY (B)
+ BTOPOn IUEnHbIm IIODBOHOFE I'YCa (A) I1 IIHaEnIEM (1))
A - glsc5 ; B - curcan. terminalis caudalis ; h - Incisura vertebralis caudalis ; i -

a - Processus spinosus; b - Crista ventralis; c - Dens; Foramen vertebrale , j - Foramen fransuersariurn ;j' - Sulcus
d - Processz~s articularis cranialis; e - Facies urticularis transversarius; 1 - Processus costotransversarius; m - Pro-
cranialis ; f - Processus articularis caudalis ; g - Facies cessus muscularis.
37
.. VERTEBRA A 3-A CERVICALA LA CURCAN (FACIES L A T E R A L I S )
TROISmME VERTEBRE CERVICALE DU DINDON
THIRD CERVICAL VERTEBRA OF THE TURKEY
TPETHn IUEmHbIf'i IIOBBOHOIC HHHEBIEH
a - Processus spinosus ; b- Processus articularis cranialis ;

c - Crista ventralis; d - Facies terminalis caudalis; e -
Processus articulariscaudalis; f - Incisura vertebralis cau-
dalis; g - Processus costarius (Parapophysis) ;h - Proces-
sus muscularis; i - Processus iransversus.
38
..VERTEBRA A 3-A CERVICALA LA CURCAN
TROISIEME VERT~GBRE CEXbVZCALE DU DEVWON
THIRD CEEVICLAL VERTEBRA OF THE TURKEY
+ TPETEZm I I I E n H b I ~II03BOHOIE IZHHEBICII
A - Facies dorsalis; B - Facies ventralis. sus; c' - Fossa processus spinalis; d - Processus transver-
sus; e - Foramen transversarium; f - Foramen verlebrale; I
a - Processus articularis cranialis; b - Processus articularis g - Foramen accessorium; h - Processus costarius; i - I

caudalis ; b' - Processus muscularis ; c - Processus spino- Crisia ventralis; j - Facies terminalis cranialis.
i
39
..VERTEBRA A 3-A CERVI(;ALA LA GISCA
TROISIEME VERmBRE CERVICALE D E L'OIE
THIRD CEFtVICAL VERTEBRA OF THE GOOSE
+ TPETHn IIIEnHbIn IIO3BOHOIC rYCa
A - Facies dorsalis; B - Facies ven-

tralis.
a - Processus articularis cranialis; b -
Processus articularis caudalis; b' - Cris-
ta muscularis ; c - Processus spinosus ;
e - Foramen transversarium; h - Pro-
cessus costarius; h' - Processus irans-
versus ; h" - Processus costotransversa-
r i u s ; i - Crista ventralis; j - Facies
terminalis cranialis; 1 - Fossa uentralis
cranialis; m - L i n e a muscularis.
40
. VElRTEBRA A 9-A CERVICALA LA CURCAN
NEUVIEME VER!l%BRE,CERVICALE DU DINDON
NINTH CERVICAL VERTEBRA OF THE TURKEY
+ HEBsITbIH JJIEHHbIm II03BOHOIC IIHDEBKM
A - Facies dorsalis; B - Facies ventralis. men uertebrale; h - Processus costarius; h' - Processus
a - Processus arficularis cranialis; b - Processus articularis transversus ; h" - Processus costotransversarius ; i - Crista
caudalis; b' - Tuberculum dorsale; c - Processus spinosus; ventralis; i' - Processus haemalis; j - Facies terminalis
c' - Possa spinalis; e - Foramen trcmsversarium; f - Fora- cranialis.
VERTEBRA A 9-A CERVICALA LA GfSCA
41 * N E U V I E ~V ~ R T E B R ECERVICALE DE L'OIE
N M T H CERVICAL VERTEBRA OF THE GOOSE
+ HEBsZTLIm H I E ~ ~ I I L IIIO3BOHOX
B l'YCJI
A - Facies dorsalis ; B - Facies venlralis.

a - Processus arficularis cranialis; b -
Processus articularis caudalis ;b' - Crista
rnuscularis ; c - Processus spinosus ;
e - Foramen transversarium; f - For+
men vertebrale; g - Foramen accessorij
u m : h - Processus costarius ;h' - Pro-
cessus transversus; h" - Processus C O S -
fofransversarius; i - Processus haema-
lis ; j - Facies terminalis cranialis.
cnudalis. ' 1
43
* VERTEBRA A 15-A CERVICALA LA GfSCA
QUINZIEME VERT-RE CERVICALE DE L'OIE .
FIFTEENTH C m V I C A L VEETEBRA OF THE GOOSE
IISITHAALlATbI%%
IItEEiHbIlf IIOBBOIIOR I'YCSI
4 - li'acies dorsalis; B - Facies ventra-

[is; C - Facics laferalis.
a - Processus arficularis cranialis; h -
Processus arficularis caudalis; c - Pro-
cessus spinosus ; c' - Fossa spinalis ;
e - Foramen fransversarium; f - Fora-
men verfebrale ;h' - Processus fransuer-
s u s ; h" - Processus costarius; i - Cris-
fa uenfralis; j - Facies ferminalis cra-
n i a l i s ; j' - Facies ferminalis caudalis;
m - Inclsura verfebralis caudalis ; n -
Foramen verfebrale l a f e r a l ~ .
+ VERTEBELELE TORACALE LA GAINA (FACIES L A T E R A L I S )
+ VERTEBRES THORACIQUES DE LA POULE
44 + THORACXC VER'IIEILRAE OF THE HEN
+ I'PYHHbIE IlOPBOHIEEl KYPIIJIbI
a - Processus spinosus ; b - Processus transversus ; c -

Crisfa ventralis; d - Processus arficularis cranialis; h -
Fovea cosfalis; i - Facies cosfalis transversalis; 1 - Foramen
inferverfebrale; n - 0 s ilium.
+ VERTEBRELE TORACALE LA CURCAN (FACIES L A T E R A L I S )

+ VEBTI~BEES !MXORACIQUIS DU DI!NDON
45 + THORACIC VERTEBRAE OF THE TURKEY
+ I'PYBHbIE II03BOHfE&l ElHAEmIEH
a - Processus spinosus; b - Proces-

sus fransversus; c - Crista ventralis;
d - Processus arficularis cranialis ;
e - Processus arficularis caudalis ;
f - Facies terminalis caudalis (fossa
vertebrae) ; g - Incisura vertebralis
caudalis ; h - Fovea costalis ; i -
Facies costalis transversalis; j - Fo-
ramen pneumaficum; 1 - Foramen
infervertebrale.
46 .
4 VERTEmELE TORACALE LA GISCA (FACIES LATERALIS)
Q VERT~BRESTHOUCIQUES DE L'OIE
T H o R ~ c x cvmmmm OF m E GOOSE
I'PYAHbIE lIO3BOHKH FYCa
a - Processus spinosus; b - Proces-

sus transversus; c - Crista ventralis;
d - Processus articularis cranialis ;
e - Processus articularis caudalis ;
h - Fovea costalis ;i - Facies costalis
transversalis ; j - Foramina pneuma-
~ 1 - Foramen intervertebrale;
t i c;
m - Tendoane osificate ; n - 0 s
illium.
47
.
4 VERTEBRELE TOWCALE LA RATA (FACIES L A T E R A L I S )
VFJRTEBRES TH-CIQUBS WU CANARD
THORACIC VEXLTEZUtAE OF 'IlHE DUCK
FPYAHbIE II03BOIIKH YTIEEI
d e a r ' b 1 . 1 I'
a - Processus spinosus ; b - Proces-
sus transversus; c - Crista ventralis;
d - Processus articularis cranialis ;
e - Processus articularis caudalis ;
h - Fovea costalis ;i - Facies costalis
transversalis ; j - Foramen pneuma-
ticum ; 1 - Foramen interuertebrale ;
m - l'endoane osificate ; n - 0 s
illium.
..VERTEBRELE TORACALE LA PORUUMBEZ (FACIES LATERALIS)

+ VERTEBRES THORACIQUES DU PIGEON
TIIORACIC VERTEBRAE OF THE PIGEON
FPYAHbIE lIO3ROHEH I'OJIYBSI
a - Processus spinosus; b - Processus transuersus; c -

Crista ventralis; e - Processus articularis caudalis; h - Fo-
vea cosfalis; i - Facies cosfalis transversalis; 1 - Foramen
intervertebrale; n - 0 s i l i u m .
*4 OSUL SINSACRUM LA CURCAN
OS SINSACRUM D U DINDON
49 o LUIMBO-SACRAL VERTEBRAE OF THE TUILKEY
+ I E O C T ~SIXSACRUM HHAEZ~ICH
A - Facies dorsalis; B - Facies ucntrnlis; C - Facies late- physis (proc. transuersz~s); e - Foramen diapophysale ( s .
ralis; D - Pars lumbalis; E - Pars sacralis. foramina sacralia peluina) ; f - Facies synchondrosealis;
a - Neurospina (proc. spinosus) ; b - Corpus ossis lumbo- g - Processus t r a n s u ~ r s ~ z sh; - Processus articulu~.is crania-
sacral? ; c - Parapophysis (proc. fransuersus) ; d - Diapo- l i s ; i - Gguri pentru ilervii lombosacrali.
+ STCRNUL LA GAINA (FIICIES LATERALIS)
+ STJ3RNUM DE LA POULE
+ STERNUM OF THE HEN
+ FPYAHASI KOCTL ICYPL14bI
a - Crista sterni ; a' - Processus ca-

rinae ; a" - Processus xiphoidcus ;
b - Processus episternalis; b' - Fo-
ramen episfernale; c - Sulcus articu-
l a r i s ; d - Processus costalis; e -
Processus thoracicus; f - Processus
abdominalis; g - Incisurae eostales ;
h - Incisura sterni lateralis; i - I n -
cisura sterni medialis; j - Mesoster-
num.
+ STEIRNUL LA G&NA ( F A C I E S DORSALIS)

+ STERNUM DE LA POULE
+ STBRNUM OF THE HEN
+ I'PYAFIAsI XOCTb KYPHIXLI
a" - Processus xiphoideus; b - Processus episterna-

Iis ; d - Processus costalis ; e - Processus thoracieus ;
f - Processus abdominalis; g - Incisurae costales;
h - Incisura sterni lateralis; i - Incisura slcrni me-
dialis ; j - M e s o s f e r ~ ~ u;r n1 - Foramen pncrcmafieum.
+ STERNUL LA CURCAN
+ STEZWURZ DU DINDON :A, MALE ;B. FEMELLE
52 + STERNUM OF THE TURKEY : A, MALE ; B, FEMALE
FPYAHASIbKOCTb HHAEBKEI: A, CAMUA; B, CAMEII
A - mascul; B - femelg.
a - Crista sterni ; a' - Processus carinae ; a" - Processus xiphoi-
deus ;b - Processus episternalis ; b' - Foramen episternale ; c -
Sulcus articularis; d - Processus costalis; e - Processus thoraci-
cus ;f - Processus abdominalis ; g - Zncisurae costales ;h - Znci-
sura sterni lateralis; i - Zncisura sterni medialis.
53
.. STERNUL LA CURCAN ( F A C I E S D O R S A L I S )
STERNUM DU DINDON
STERNUM OF THE TURKEY
+ FPYAHAH KOCTb HHAEmECkI
a - Episternum; b - Processus costalis; c - Processus tho-

racicus; d - Processus abdominalis; e - Processus xiphoi-
deus; f - Mesosternum; g - Incisura sterni lateralis; h -
Incisura sterni medialis; i - Incisurae costales; j - Foramen
pneun~aticurn.
s4
.. STERNUL LA GfSCA ( F A C I E S L A T E R m I S ;
+ STERNUM DE L'OIE
STEARN- OF THE GOOSE
+ I'PYAHAH IEOCTb I'YCH
cessus episternalis ventralis ;c - Sulcus articularis ;d - Pro-

a - Crista sterni ; a' - Processus carinae ; a" - Processus cessus costalis; f - Processus abdominalis; g - Incisurae
xiphoideus ; b - Processus episternalis dorsalis ; b" - Pro- costales; i - Incisura sterni medialis.
55
.
+
STERNUL LA GfSCA (FACIES D O R S A L I S )
STERNUM DE L ' O E
STERNUM OF THE GOOSE
I'PYAHAJI ECOCTb I'YCSI
b - Processus episternalis dorsalis; b" - Processus epislcr-

nalis ventralis; d - Processus costalis; f - Processus abdo-
minalis ; g - Zncisurae costales ; i - Zncisura sterni medalis ;
- Foramen pncumaticum.
.. STERNUL LA RATA (FACIES L A T E R A L I S )

+ STJ3RNUlkE DU CANARD
STERNUM OF THE DUCK
+ I'PYAHAJI IEOCTb YTIEEI
a - Cristn sterni; a' - Processus ca-

rinae; a" - Processus xiphoideus; b -
Processus epistcrnalis dorsalis ; b" -
Processus epistcrnalis vcnfralis ;c - Sul-
cus articularis ; d - Processus costalis ;
Q" f - Processus abdominalis ;g - ~ncisurnk
costalcs; i - Zncisura sterni medialis.
..
STERNUL LA RATA ( F A C I E S DORSALIS)
STEXtNUM DU CANARD
STElRNUM OF THE DUCK
I'PYARaR KOCTb YTEEEZ
b - Proccssus episfernalis dorsalis; b" - Processus cpister-

nalis uentralis; d - Processus cosfalis; f - Processus abdo-
minalis; g - Incisurae costales; i - Incisclra sterni medialis;
1 - Foramen pneumaticum.
58
.. STERNUL LA FORUMBEL
STERNUM DU PIGEON
sTmivuM THE PIGEON
+ r p y n z r a n I E O C T ~r o J I y B H
A - Facies lateralis; R - Frteies dorsalis.
a - Crista sterni; a' - Processus carinae; a" - Processus
ziphoideus; b - Processus episternclis dorsalis; b" - Pro-
,
I
cessus episternrtlis uenfrrtlis; c - S ~ f l c u articularis;
s d - Pro-
cessus ecstalis; e - Processus thoracicus; f - Processus ab-
dominalis; g - Incisurae costales; h - Incislira sterni late-
ralis; i - Incisura sterni medialis; 1 - Foramen pneuma-
ticum.
SCHELETUL TORACO-ABDOMINAL LA GAINA
SQUELETTE 'I'HORJACO-ABWMINU DE LA POULE
59 THORACQ-ABDOMINAL BONES OF THE HEN
I'PYHOEPXOIJIHOZi OTAEJI CICEJIETA ICYPHUM
a - Crista sterni; a' - Processus carinae ; a" - Processus i - Processus uncinatus; j - Processus spinosus; j' - Pro-
xiphoideus; h - Processus episfernalis; b' - Foramen epis- cessus transversus ; 1 - 0 s i l i u m ; m - 0 s ischii ; n - 0 s
ternalis; c - Sulcus arficularis; d - Processus cosfalis; e - pubis; o - Foramen obturafunz; p - Foramen ischiadieum;
Processus thoracicus; f - Processus abdominalis; g - Costae r - Acetabulum; s - Vertebrae caudales; t - Pygostylus;
cervicales ; h - Costae vertebrales ; 11' - Costae sternales ; u - Capitulum costae; U' - Tuberculum costae.
60
.. SOHELETUL TORACO-ABDOMINAL LA RATA
SQUELETTE THORACO-ABDOMINAL DU CANARD
THORACO-ABDOMINAL BONES OF THE DUCK
I'PY~OBPIO~HO
OTAEJI
~ CIEEjIETA YTIEH
a - Crista sterni ; a' - Processus carinae ; a" - Processus xiphoideus ; cessus uncinatus ;j - Processus spinalis ; j'- Processus transversus ; 1, m - 0 s
b - Processus episternalis dorsalis ; b" - Processus episfernalis ventralis ; i l i u m ; n - 0 s pubis ; o - Foramen obturatum ; p - Foramen ischiadicum;
c - Sulcus ariicularis ; d - Processus cosfalis ; f - Processus abdominalis ; r - Acetabulum; s - Vertebrae caudales; t - Pygostylus; u - C a p i f u l o m
g - Costae cervicales ;h - Costae uertebrales ;h' - Costae sfernales ;i - Pro- cosfae ;u' - Tuberculum costae ;u" - Collum costae.
+ CENTURA SCsLPULARA LA GAINA + SCAPULA
+ CEINTURE SCAPULAIRE DE LA POULE + SCAPULA DU PIGEON (A), DE LA POULE (B) ET DE L'OIE (C)
61 + s C . w u L m
GIRDLE OF THE HEN 62 + s ~ A P u mOF THE PIGEON (A), HEN (B) AND GOOSE ( c )
+ IIJIEsEBOn n O s l C IEYPIII~LI + JIOIIATIEA: A, I'OJIYBSI; B, ICYPBUM; C, I'YCSI
A - Porumbel ; l3 - GginB ;
C - Gisci.
a - Ailargo dorsalis ;b - Mar-
oo uentralis : c - Facies late-
r u l i s ; c' - Facies dorsalis;
d - Extremitas caudalis; e -
Processus humcralis; f - Pro-
cessus coracoideus; g - Proces-
sus furcularis; h - Tubercu-
l u m mnscnlare ; i - Foramen
pneumaticum.
9
a - 0 s coracoides; b - Scapula ; c - Clauicula;

d - Hgpocleidum; c - Acrocoracoid; f - Foramen
triosseum.
+ SCAPULA LA CURCAN
+ SCAPULA DU DINDON
63 + SCAPULA OF THE TURKEY
+ JIOIIATKA EXHAEEIEH
a - Margo dorsalis; b - Margo uentralis; c - Facics Iate-

r a l i s ; d - Extremitas caudalis; e - Processus humeralis;
f - Processus coracoideus ; g - Processus furcularis ; 11 -
Tuberculum musculare; i - Foramen pneumaticum.
6 OSUL CORACOID
+ 0s CORACO~DED U DINDON (A), DE LA POULE (B) ET D U PIGEON (C)
e4 6 CORACOID OF THE TURKEY ( A ) , HEN (B) A N D PIGEON (C)
+ KJIH)BORHAHLIn OTPOCTOK HHAEHRH (A), IEYPElqLI (B) H I'OJIYBSI (C)
A - curcan ; B - @ins ; C - po-

rurnbel.
a - Tuberosiias humeralis; b - T u -
ber acrocoracoideum; c - Tuberosi-
fas scapularis; d - Sulcus supraco-
rgcoideus; e - Crista arficularis; f -
Foramen pneumaticum; g - Proces-
sus acromialis.
+ OSUL CORACOID
6 0s C O R A C O ~ D EDE L'OIE (A) ET D U CANARD (B)
65 + c o R a c o I D o F THE GOOSE (A) A N D DUCK (B)
+ I E J I I O B O B H ~ T H ~OTPOCTOK
I%~ ryca (A) H YTKH (B)
A - gisc8 ; B - rat 5.
a - Tuberositas humeralis ; b - Tuber acrocoracoideum ; c - T u -
berositas scapularis ; d - Sulcns supracoracoideus ; e - Crisfa arti-
cularis ; f - Foramen pneumaticum ; g - Processus acromialis.
CLAVICULA LA GAINA
e CLAVICULE DE LA POULE
66 CLAVICLE OF THE HEN
mIosnqa RYPnqbI
+ CLAVICULA LA GISCA $I RATA
68
+ CLAVICULE DE L'OIE ET DU CANARD
CLAVICLE OF THE GOOSE AND DUCK
+ I E J I I ~ ~ H Ursca
A H YTICH
A - Facies cranialis; B - Facies lateralis.

a - Hypocleidum; b - Extremitas proximalis; c -
Processus coracoideus.
+ CLAVICULA LA PORUMBEL
+ CLAVICULE DU PIGEON
69 + CLAVICLE OF THE PIGEON
+ XJIIosHIIA I'OJIYssI
A - Facies cranialis; B - Facies lateralis.

a - Hypocleidum; b - Extremitas proximalis.
+ UNGHIURILE CENTURII SCAPULARE LA GAINA
+ ANGLES DE LA CEINTURE SCAPULAIRE DE LA POULE
70 + ANGLES OF THE SCAPULAR GIRDLE IN THE HEN
+ YPJIbI IIJIEYEBOPO IIOJICA IEYPHqbI
; c - Claoicula ; d -
n - 0 s coracoides ;11 - S c a / ~ u l a
Foramen triossr~rrn; e - Angulus slernocoracoideus ;
f - A l n g ~ t l n scluuicnlaris; g - Angulus clnuicnloeora-
coideus , h - .Ingultcs scaj~ulocoracoideus:
+ ROLUL CENTURII SCAPULARE I N TIMPUL ZBORULUI

+
7l + ROLE DE LA CEINTURE SCAPULAIRE PENDANT LE VOL
ROLE OF THE SCAPULAR GIRDLE DURING FLIGHT
'
POJIL IIJIEgEBOI'O IIOSiCA IIPM IIOJIETE
a - Scapula ; b - Clauicula; c - 0 s coracoides; d - Ster- cautli sli fndeplirteze aripa de trunchi ~i clavicula are rolul
n u m ; e - Aripa. Sligetile aratli cum rezistenfa aerului de a se opune acestei actiuni.
z2
.. HUMERUSUL DE GAINA
+ HUMERUS DE LA POULE
HUMERUS OF THE HEN
IIJIEYEBAH ICOCTb IEYPHUbI
A - Facies medialis; B - Facies lateralis.

a - C a p u t h u m e r i ; b - Tuberculum laterale; c -
Crista lateralis (deltoidea) ; d - Tuberculum mediale;
e - Crista medialis; f - Foramen sacci pneumatici;
g - Sulcus c a p i t i s ; h - Facies bicipitalis; i - Condy-
l u s radialis; j - Condylus u l n a r i s ; 1 - Sulcus troch-
leae; m - Epicondylus u l n a r i s ; n - Epicondylus ra-
dialis ; o - Fossa olecrani ; p - Fossa radialis ; r -
Corpus humeri.
23
.. HUMERUSUL DE CURCAN
+ HUMERUS DU DINDON
4 I ~ M E R UOF~ THE TURKEY
IIJIEsEBAsI KOCTb EZHAEHIEO
A - Facies medialis ; B - Facies Iaferalis.

a - Caput humeri ; b - Tuberculum laterale;
c - Crista lateraliz /deltoidea) ; d - Tubercu-
l u m mediale; e - Crista medialis; f - Fora-
m e n sacci pneclmatici; g - Sulcus capitis; h -
Fa~.ies bicipitalis; i - Condylus radialis; j -
Condylus u l n a r i s ; 1 - Sulcus trochleae; m -
Epicondylus ulnaris; n - Epicondylus radialis;
o - Fossa olecrani; p - Fossa radialis; r -
Corpus humeri.
HUMERUSUL LA GISCA
HUBIPRUS DE L'OZE
24 HUMERUS OF THE GOOSE
IIJIEYEBASI KOCTb rYCR
A - Facies medialis ; B - Facies Iaferalis. bicipitalis ; i - Condylus radialis ; j - Condglus ulna-

a - Caput humeri ; b - Tuberculum laferale ; c - Crisfa ris ; 1 - Sulcus trochleae; m - Epicondylus u l n a r i s ; n -
deltoidea; d - Tuberculum mediale ; e - Crisfa medialis; Epicondylus radialis ;o - Fossa olecrani ;p - Fossa radialis :
f - Foramen sacri pneumatici ;g - Sulcus capitis :h- Facies r - Corpus humeri.
75
..HUMERUSUL LA RATA
IIUMERUS DU CANARD
HUMERUS OF THE DUCK
IIJIEZIEBAR KOCTb YTKH
A - Fucies n~edialis;B - Facies lateralis.

a - Caput humeri; b - Tuberculum laterale; c -
Crista delloidcu; d - Tuberculum mediale; c -
Crista medialis; t - Foramen saccii pneumatici;
g - Sulcus capitis; h - Facies bicipitalis; i -
Condylus radialis; j - Condylus ulnaris; 1 - Sul-
cus trochleae; m - Epicondylus ulnaris; n - Epi-
condylus radialis; c - Fossa olecrani; p - Fossa
radialis; r - Corpus humeri.
e
.. HUMERUSUL DE PORUMBEL
+ HUMERUS DU PIGEON
z6 HUMERUS OF THE PIGEON
+ IIJIEYEBAR ICOCTb I'OJIYBR
A - Facies medialis; B - Facies lateralis.

a - Caput humeri ;b - Tuberculum laterale ;b' -
Tuberculum tertius; c - Crista deltoidea; d - T u -
berculzzm mediale; f - Foramen saccii pneumafici;
g - Sulcus capitis; h - Facies bicipitalis; i -
Condylus radialis; j - Condylus ulnaris; 1 - Sul-
cus trochleae; m - Epicondylus ulnaris; n - Epi-
A B condylus radialis; o - Fossa olecrani; - Fossa
radialis; r - Corpus humeri.
OASELE ANTEBRATULUI
SQUELETTE DE L'AVANT-BRAS (RADIUS ET ULNA) DU DINDON (A), DE L'OIE (B),
DU CANARD (C), DE LA POULE (D) ET DU PLGEON (E)
BONES OF THE FOREARM (RADIUS AND ULNA) IN THE TURKEY (A), GOOSE (B),
DUCK (C), HEN (D) AND PIGEON (E)
+ IEOCTM IIPEHIIJIEYJ,~: A, E I H A E ~ I E H E , FOJIYBS~
B,; r y c a ; C, YTIEEI;D , ICYPEIY~I;
A - curcan ; B - glscg ; C - rat5 ; D - g9in5 ; E - po-

rumbel.
a - Radius; b - U l n a ; c - Spatium interosseum ante-
brachii; d - Olecranon; e - Zncisura semilunaris; f - In-
cisura radialis ulnae; g - Processus lateralis; h - Collum
radii; i - Trochlea ulnae.
"
.. SCHELETUL AUTOPODIULUI TORACIC
SQUELETTE DE L'AUTOPODIUM THORACIQUE D U DINDON (A), DE L'OIE (B), D U
CANARD (C), DE LA POULE (D) ET D U PIGEON (E)
BONES OF THE HAND I N THE TURKEY (A), GOOSE (E), DUCK (C), HEN (D) A N D
c' PIGEON (E)
/ + ICP~IJIA:A, H H H E I ~ I E HB,
CICEJIET I C ~ C T H ; I'O'IJ'I;FI
; I'YCSI; F, YTICCI;D, I E Y P H I [ ~ IE,
A - curcan ; B - giscB ; C - rat5 ; D - g i i n i ; E - po-

rumbel.
a - 0 s carpi radiale ; b - 0 s carpi ulnare; c - 0 s meta-
carpale I I ; c' - Processus ossis metacarpalis I I I ; c" -
Processus ossis metacarpalis I V ; d - 0 s metacarpale I I I ;
e - 0 s melacarpale I V ;f - Phalanx I digiti I 1 ;g - Phalanx
I digiti I I I ; h - Phalanx I digiti I V ; i - Phalanx 11 di-
giti I I I ; j - Tuberculurn musculare; I - Spatium interos-
scum metacarpi.
79
..
COXALUL DE GAINA (FACIES L A T E R A L I S )
COXAL DE LA POULE
PELVIC GIRDLE OF THE HEN
TA3OBbIm OTAEJI n O 8 B O H O ~ H l l I E d KYPUUbI
a- 0 s ilium, pars preacefabularis;

a' - 0 s ilium, pars postacetabularis;
a" - Crisfa transversa; c - 0 s is-
chii ; c' - Margo caudalis ; c" -
Processus ischiadicus; d - 0 s pu-
bis; e - Acetabulum; e' - Antitro-
chanter ; f - Processus pectinealis;
g - Foramen ischiadicurn; h - Fora-
men obturafum; i - Fissura pubois-
chiadica; j - Vertebrae caudales;
1 - Pygostglus.
..
+ COXALUL DE GAINA
COXAL DE LA POULE
(FACIES DORSALIS)
PELVIC GIRDLE OF THE HEN

TASOBbIn OTAEJI II03BOHO9HHIEA IEYPllqLI
a - 0 s ilium, pars preacefabularis; a' - 0 s ilium, pars

postacetabularis; a" - Crista transversa; c - 0 s ischii;
c" - Processus ischiadicus ;c"' - Angulus ischiadicus ; d -
0 s pubis; e' - Antitrochanter ; f - Processus pectinealis ;
i - Fissura puboischiadica; j - Vertebrae caudales;
1 - Pygostylus; o - Foramen interdiapophysale mediale;
t - Canalis iliolumbalis; u - Crisfa iliaca.
COXALUL DE GAINA (FACIES V E N T R A L I S )
+ COXAL DE LA POULE
$1 + PELVIC GIRDLE OF THE HEN
+ TAsOBbIn OTHEjI II03BOH09HEIIEA IEYPIIIIFJ
a - 0 s i l i u m ; b - Linea arcuata; b' - Processus transversus j - Vertebrae caudales; m - 0 s lumbosacrale; n - Parapo-

lumbalis; b" - Processus transversus sacralis; c - 0 s ischii; physis; o - Foramen interdiapophysale; r - Costae; v -
c' - Margo caudalis ; c" - Processus ischiadieus ; d - 0 s Fovea lumbalis; v' - Fossa iliaca cranialis; v" - Fossa
pubis; f - Processus pectinealis; 11 - Foramen obturalum; iliaca caudalis.
'* .* V. .,
.-V . Z Z E
2 . 2 as
2% a
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2.E'li~
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m C c:
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$3; g
$1: I
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+ 2s
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6 . * q L"
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$13
- .*% g.-
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8
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403 I Lj
5 a
45 - '-
.-<
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- -.- -2.,
is:
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..
z
a$
"- Q .y-
0 , O K
l:'l$
& C-G 4
+ COXALUL D E CURC:AN ( F A C I E S DORS
+ COXAL D U DINDON
83 4 PELVIC GIRDLE OF THE TURKEY
II03BOHO4HHKA
a - 0 s i l i u m , pars preacetabularis; a' - 0 s i l i u m , pars post- puboischiadica; j - \.ertcbrae caudales; 1 - Pygoslylus; o -

acetabufaris ; a" - Crista transversa ; c - 0 s ischii ; C' - Foramen interdiapohgsule mediale; p - Foramen interdiapo-
Margo caudalis; c"' - A n g u l u s ischiadicus ; d - 0 s pubis; physale laterale; r - Ultirna coast8; s - Processus uncina-
e' - Antitrochanter; f - Processus pectinealis; i - Fissura t u s ; t - Canalis iliolumbalis; u - C r i s f a iliaca.
+ COXALUL DE CURCAN (FACIES V E N T R A L I S )
+ COXAL DU DINDON
84 + PELVIC GIRDLE OF THE TURKEY
+ TA30BbIm OTHEJI II03BOHOYHHKA HHAE&tIEH
a - 0 s iliunz ; b - Linea arcuata; b' - Processus trans- caudales; 1 - Pygosfylus; rn - 0 s lumbosacrale; n - Para-
versus lumbalis ; b" - Processus transversus sacralis ; pophysis ; o - Foramen inferdiapophysale mediale ; r - U1-
c - 0 s ischii ; c"' - A n g u l u s ischiadicus; d - 0 s pu- tima coast%; s - Processus uncinatus ; v - Fovea lumbalis ;
bis ; e' - Anfitrochanter ; f - Processus pectinealis ; h - Fo- v' - Fossa iliaca cranialis; v" - Fossa iliaca caudalis.
ramen obfuratum; i - Fisura puboischiadiea; j - Vertebrae
64
85 .
+ COXALUL DE GISCA
COXAL DE L'OIE
(FACIES LATERALIS)
PELVIC GIRDLE OF THE GOOSE

+ TA30BbIB OTAEJI II03ROH09HHXA I'YCSI
a - 0 s ilium, pars preacetabularis ;a" - Crista transversa ; c - 0 s pecfinealis; g - Foramen ischiadicum ; 11 - Foranzen obturafum ;
ischii ; c" - processus ischiadicus ; c"' - Angulus ischiadicus ; i - Fissura obturafa (3.. puboischiudica) ; j - Vertebrae caudales ;
d - 0 s pubis ; e - Acetabulum ; e' - Antitrochanter ; f - Processus 1 - Pygostylus.
+ COXALUL DE GfSCA (FACIES DORSALIS)
+ COXAL DE L'OIE
86 + PELVIC GIRDLE OF THE GOOSE
+ TABOBbIm OTAEJI n03BOHOYHLIECA I'YCa
a -- 0 s i l i u n ~ pars
, preacetabularis; a' - 0 s ilium, pars post-
acetabularis; a" - Crista ironsversa; c - 0 s ischii; c' -
hlargo ischiadicus; c" - Processus isclfiadicus; c"' - Ang~r-
lus ischiadicus; d - 0 s pubis; e' - Anfitrochanter ; g -
Foramen ischiadicum; h - Foramen obfuratum; i - F i s s u r ~
obfuraia (s. puboischiadica) ; j - Verfebrae caudclcs;
1 - Pygosiylus ; o - Foramen interdiapophysale mediale;
p - Foramen interdiapophysale latcrale; u - Crisia iliaca.
I
+ COXALUL DE GISCA (FACIES VENTRALIS)
+ COXAL DE L'OIE
87 + PELVIC GIRDLE OF THE GOOSE
4 TA3OBbIm OTAEJI II03BOHOYHIIIEA I'YCSI
a- 0 s ilium; b - Linea arcuata; b' - Processus transversus i - Fissura puboischiadica ;j - Vertebrae caudales; 1 - Pygo-
lumbalis ;b" - Processus transversus sacralis ;c - 0 s ischii ; stylus; m - 0 s lumbosacrale; n - Diapophysis; r - Ultima
c' - hlargo caudalis; c" - Processus ischiadicus; c"' - coast5 ; v - Fovea Iumbalis; v' - Fossa iliaca cranialis ;
Angulus ischiadicus; d - 0 s pubis; f - Processus pectinea- v" - Fossa iliaca caudalis.
lis; g - Foramen ischiadicum; h - Foramen obturatum;
+ COXALUL D E RATA (FACIES L A T E R A L I S )
88 COXAL DU CANARD
PELVIC GIRDLE OF THE DUCK
TABOBbIn OTHEJI IIOSBOHOYHHKA YTKH
a - 0 s i l i u m , pars preacetabu1a1.i~;c - 0 s ischii ;c' - Margo f - Processus peelinealis; g - Foramen ischiadiczim; h -

caudalis; c" - Processus ischiadicus; c"' - A n g u l u s ischia- Foramen obturatum; i - Fissura puboischiadica; j - Verfe-
dicus; d - 0 s pubis; e - Acefabulum; e' - Antitrochunter; brae caudales; 1 - Pygostylus.
+ COXALUL DE RATA (FACIES D O R S A L I S )
+ COXAL DU CANARD
89 + PELVIC GIRDLE OF THE DUCK
+ T A B O B ~ OTHEJI
I~~ II03BOHO¶HHICA
YTIEH
a - 0 s ilium, pars preacelabularis; a' - 0 s ilium, pars post- dicum; h - Foramen obturafum; i - Fissura puboischiadica;
aceta5ularis; a" - Crista transversa; c - 0 s ischii; c' - j.- Vertebrae caudales; 1 - Pygostylus; o - Foramen inter-
Margo caudalis; c"' - Angulus ischiadicus; d - 0 s pubis; diapophysale mediale; t - Canalis iliolumbalis; 11 - Crista
-
e - Acetabulum; e' - Antitrochanter ; g Foramen ischia- iliaca.
+ COXALUL DE RATA ( F A C I E S V E N T R A L I S )
+ COXAL DU CANARD
+ PELVIC GIRDLE OF THE DUCK
+ TAaOBbIm OTAEJI FI03BOHO'IHIXKb YTKA
a - 0 s i l i u m ; b - Linea arcuata; b' - Processus transver- j - Vertebrae caudales; 1 - Pygostyltrs; m - 0 s lulltboseerale ;

sus luinbalis ; c - 0 s ischii ; c' - Margo caudalis; c"' - n - Parapophysis; o - Foramen interdiapophysale rncdiale;
A n j u l u s ischiadicus; d - 0 s pubis; e' - Antitrochanter; r - Ultirna coast&; v - Fovea Iumbalis; v' - Fossa iliaca
f - Processus pectinealis; g - Foramen ischiadicum; h - cranialis ; v" - Fossa iliaca caudalis.
Fol.amen obturatum; i - Fissura obturata (puboischiadica) ;
+ COXALUL DE PORUMBEL
+ COXAL D U PIGEON
91 + PELVIC GIRDLE OF THE PIGEON
+ TABOBhIlf OTAEJI I I 0 3 B O H 0 9 -
HHICA I'OJIYBJI
A - Facies lateralis; B - Facies dorsalis; C - Facies uen- trochanter; g - Foramen ischiadicum; h - Foramen obtu-
tralis. r a t u m ; i - Fissura obturata (s. puboiscl~iadica); j - Verfe-
a - 0 s i l i u m , pars preacetabularis; a' - 0 s i l i u m , pars post- brae caudales; 1 - Pygostylus; m - 0 s lumbosacrale; n-
acetabularis; a" - Crista transuersa; b - Linea arcuata; Diapophysis; p - Foramen interdiapophysnle laterale; r -
b' - Fossa iliaca cranialis; b" - Fossa iliaca caudalis; IJltima coast%; v - Fovea lumbalis; v' - Fossa iliaca
c - 0 s ischii; c" - Processus ischiadicus; c"' - Angulus cranialis; v" - Fossn iliaca caudalis.
ischiadicus ; d - 0 s pubis; e - Acetabulum ; e' - A n t i -
92
.. FEMURUL DE GAINA
FEMUR DE LA POULE
FEMUR OF THE HEN
BEAPEHHASI ICOCTb ICYPElQbI
A - Facies cranialis ; B- Facies eaudalis.

a - Corpus ossis femoris; b - Cappt ossis fernoris; c -
Collum ossis femoris; d - Trochanter major; e - Trochanter
minor; f - Condylus medialis; g - Condylus lateralis; h -
Condylus fibularis; i - Trochlea ossis femoris; j - Sulcus
condylicus; 1 - Fossa poplitea ; m - Planum popliteum;
n - Labium mediale; o - Labium laterale; p - Fossa inter-
condylaris.
93
.. FEMURUL DE CURCAN
FEMUR DU DINDON
FEMUR OF THE TURKEY
EEAPEHHASI ICOCTL HHAEmIEH
A - Facies cranialis; B - Facies caudalis.

a - Corpus ossis femoris; b - Caput ossis fernoris;
c - Collum ossis femoris; d - Trochanfer major ;
e - Trochanter minor; f - Condylus medialis; g -
Condylus lateralis ; h - Condylus fibularis ; i - Tro-
chlea ossis femoris; j - Sulcus condylicus; 1 - Fossa
poplitea; m - Planum poplifeum; n - Labium me-
diale; o - Labium laferale; p - Fossa intercondy-
laris.
+ FEMURUL DE GISCA
+ FEMUR DE L'OIE
94 + FEMUR OF THE GOOSE
* ryca
GEAPEHHAsI ICOCTh
A - Facies cranialis; B - Facies caudalis.

a - Corpus ossis femoris; b - Caput ossis femoris; c -
Collum ossis femoris; d - Trochanfer major; e - Trochanter
minor; f - Condylus medialis; g - Condylus lateralis;
h - Condylus fibularis; i - Trocl~lea ossis femoris; j -
Sulcus condylicus; 1 - Fossa poplitea; In - Planum popli-
, f e u m ; n - Labium mediale; p - Fossa intercondylaris.
+ FEMURUL DE RATA
+ FEMUR DU CANARD
95 + FEMUR OF THE DUCK
BEAPEHHASJ ICOCTb YTKH
+ FEMURUL DE PORUMBEL
+ FEMUR DU PIGEON .
96 + FEMUR OF THE PIGEON
+ BEAPEHHaSJ IEOCTb
A - Facies cranialis; B - Facies caudalis. ronYBa
a - Corpus ossis femoris; b - Caput ossis femoris; c - Col-
l u m ossis femoris; d - Trochanter major; e - Trocllanter
minor ; f - Condylus medialis ; g - Condylus lateralis ;h -
Condylus fibularis; i - Trochlea ossis femoris; j - Sulcus
condylicus; 1 - Fossa poplifea; m - Planum popliteum;
n - Labium mediale; o - Labium laterale; p - Fossa inter-
condylaris.
A - Facies cranialis; B - Facics caudalis.

a - Corpus ossis femoris; b - Caput ossis femoris; c - Col-
l u m ossis f e m ~ r i s ; d - Trochanter m l j o r ; e - Trochantcr
minor; f - Condylus medialis; g - Condylus lateralis; h -
Condylus fibularis; i - Trochlea ossis femoris; 1 - Fossa
poplitea; m - Planum popliteum; n - Labium mediale ;
p - Fossa intercondylaris.
+ TIBIO-TARSUL 81 FIBULA
TIBIO-TARSE ET FIBULE DU DINDON (A), DU CANARD (B), L)E L'OIE (C), DE LA
POULE (D) ET DU PIGEON (E)
92 + TIBIO-TARSUS AND FIBULA OF THE TURKEY (A), DUCK (B), GOOSE (c), HEN (D)
AND PIGEON (E)
+ BOJIb1lIEBEP40BO-3AnJIH)CHEBASI a iIlAJIOBh'P~OBAJ1 KOCTzlj HH,lIEmIEll (A), YTICIl
(B), rYcsI (c), I C Y P ~ (D),
~ ~ I'OJIYGJI
I (E)
*4 TARSO-METATARSUL DE GAINA (FACIES P L A N T A R I S )
TARSO-METATARSE DE LA POULE
9s TARSO-METATARSUS OF THE HEN
4 IIjrIOCHA ICYPIIUbI
a - H!Jpotarszls; a' - Canalis hypotarsi; b - Sulcus ten-

dinrus; c - llletatars rudimentar I ; d - Trochlea media-
l i s ; c - Trochlea centralis; f - Trochlea lateralis; g -
Foramen uasculare.
OS DE L'AUTOPODIUM PELVIEN D U DINDON

99 BONES OF THE PELVIC AUTOPODIUM IN THE TURKEY
a - Facics articularis; b - Hypotarsrls; c - Sulcus tendi-

neus; d - Metatarsul rudimentar I ; e - Trochlea medialis;
f - Trochlea centralis ; g - Troclllea lateralis ; h - Pinten ;
i - Pseudocalcaneu ; 1-5 - Falange.
ARTROLOGIA
ARTHROLOGIE
ARTHROLOGY
APTPOJlOTMA
100 .
+ ARTICULATIILEOASELOR CAPULUI $I ALE COLOANEI CERVICALE LA GAINA
ARTICULATIONS DE LA TETE ET DE LA COLONNE CERVICALE DE LA POULE
SKULL AND CERVICAL JOINTS OF THE HEN
6 CYCTABbI 'cIEPEIIA H IIIEmHOrO IIO3BOHOYHHM.4 ICYPItUM
A - Membl-ana orbitalis ; a - Ligamentu~narticulo-oticum ; gomatica ; o - Alembrana atlar~tooccipitalis; p - Membrana

b - Articulatio quadratommdibularis; c - Articulatio squa- atlantoaxialis; r - Ligamentum inferspinale; s, t - Capsula
mosoqundrntica; e - Ligamentum squamosomandibulare; i - articularis.
1,igamentum zygomatolacrimale; n - Articulatio quadratozy-
+ ARTICULATIILE OASELOR CAPULUI LA RATA

+ ARTICULATIONS DE LA TETE DU CANARD
101 + SKULL JOINTS OF THE DUCK
CYCTABbI YEPEIIA YTMH
A - Membrana orbitalis; B - Ligamentum orbitale transuer- dibulare; f - Articulatio pterygosphenoidalis aboralis; h -

sum ; a - Ligamentum articulo-oticum ; b - Articulatio qua- Ligamenturn pterygopalatinum ; i - Ligamenturn zygomafo-
lacrimale; n - Articulafio quadratozygomatica.
dratomandibularis; c - Articulatio squan~osoquadratica;d -
Articulatio quadratopferygoldea ;e - Ligamenfum lacrimomun-
a - Ligamentum arliculo-oticum; b - Articulatio quadrato- topicrygoidea ; i - Liyan~entumzygomatolacl in~ale; j - Arti-
~nandibularis; c - Articulatio squamosoquadratica; d - Arti- culatio palatornazillaris nasalis; 1 - Articulatio palatozy-
t ulatio quadralopterygoidea ; e - Ligamentum squamosoman- gomatomaxillaris, in - Alen~brana lacrimornazillaris; n -
dibulare; f - Articulatio pterygosphenoidalis aboralis; g - Arficulatio zygon~itiomandibularis.
.Irticulatio plerygosphenoidalis oralis; h - Articulatio pala-
ARTICULATIILE COLOANEI VERTEBKCLE? CEBVICALE LA GfSCA

ARTICULATIONS D E LA COLONNE CERVICALE DE L'OIE
lo3 e CERVICAL JOINTS OF THE GOOSE
CYCTABbI IUEnHOFO IIOSBOHOYHHXA FYCJI
A - Facies dorsalis ;B - Facies laleralis. laterale ; p - Ligamentum interspinale ; r - Ligamentum

o - Membrana atlanto-occipitalis dorsalis ; o' - Ligamentum capsulare obliquum ; s - Ligamentum intertransueraule.
allanto-occipilale dorsale ;o" - Ligamentum atlanto-occipitale
+ ARTICULATIILE CENTURII SCAPULARE LA CURCAN
+ ARTICULATIONS DE LA CEINTURE SCAPULAIRE DU DINDON
104 + JOINTS OF THE SCAPULAR GIRDLE IN THE TURKEY
+ CYCTABbI IIJIEqEBOI'O IIOnCA EIHHEnIEH
A
A - Humerus; B - Scapula; C -
0 s co:acoides; I) - Clavicula ; a -
Ligamentum coracohumerale dorsale;
b - Ligamentum seapulol~umeroleme-
diale; c - Labrum glenoidale; d -
Ligarnentum coracohumerale profun-
d u m ;e - Aluscz~lusteres minor.
+ ARTICULATIILE CENTURII SCAPULARE LA CURCAN

+ ARTICULATIONS DE LA CEINTURE SCAPULAIRE DU DINDON
105 + JOINTS OF THE SCAPULAR GIRDLE IN THE TURKEY
+ CYCTARbI IIJIE9EBOl'O-nOSICA4 EXHnEgIEEl
A - Humerus; B - Scapula; C - 0 s coracoides;

a - Liggmenlum coracohumeralr dorsale ; b - Liga-
menfurn scapul~l~umeralemediale ; c - Labr urn glenof-
dale; d - Ligamcntum coracoseapulare ;e - A4usculus
teres minor; f - Foramen friosseum; g - I,igzmentum
coracohumerale profund~zn~.
+ ARTICULATIILE CENTURII SCAPULARE LA
RATA
+ ARTICULATIONS DE LA CEINTURE SCAPU-
106 LAIRE DU CANARD
+ JOINTS OF THE SCAPULAR GIRDLE IN THE
DUCK
+ CYCTABbI IIJIEgEROI'O IIOSICA YTKH
A - Humerus ;B - Scapula ;C - 0 s coracoides ;

D - Clauicula; a - Ligamentum coracohume-
rule dorsale ; b - Ligamentum scapulohumerale
mediale ;c - Labrum glenoidale ; d - Ligamen-
t u m coracoclauiculare ;e- Musculus teres minor;
i - Ligamentom coracohulnerale profundurn.
h d-
\
+ ARTICULATIILE CENTURII SCAPULARE LA RATA

+ ARTICULATIONS DE LA CEINTURE SCAPULAIRE DU CANARD
loz + JOINTS OF THE SCAPULAR GIRDLE IN THE DUCK
CYCTABlbI IIJIEYEBOI'O IIOSiCA YTICH
A - EIumerus; B - Scapula; C - 0 s coracoides;

D - Clavicula ; a - Ligamentum coracohumerale dor-
sale; b - Ligamentum scapulohumerale mediale; d -
Ligamentum coracoclauiculare craniale; e - Musculus
teres minor ; f - Ligamentum scapuloclauiculare ; g -
Ligamentum eoracocluuiculare mediale; h - Ligamen-
t u m coracoscapulare mediale; i - Symphysis coraco-
seapularis.
+ ARTICULATIILE CENTURII SCAPULARE 91 ALE STERNULUI LA GISCA
+ ARTICULATIONS DE LA CEINTURE SCAPULAIRE ET DU STERNUM DE L'OIE
10s + JOINTS OF THE SCAPULAR GIRDLE AND OF STERNUM IN THE GOOSE
+ CYCTABbI IIJIEYEBOFO IIOIICA II l'PYHHHbI FYCS1
4 - H u m e r u s ; B - S c a p u l a ; C: - 0 s coracoides; D - C l a -
uicula :E - S t e r n u m ; a - M . teres minor ;b - L i g a m e n t u m
scapulbhumerale mediale ; c - L i g a m e n t u m coracohumerale
.orofurtdurn
. ; d - L i g a m e n t u m ' coracohumerale dorsalc; e -
L i g a n ~ e n t u m coracoclaviculare; f - Membrana clauiculocora-
coidea ; g - Ligamenturn clauiculosternule ; h - Membrana
sternocoracoidca ; i - Membrana sterni medialis.
lo9 .
+ ARTICULATIA HUMERO-RADIO-ULNARA L A CURCAN
+ ARTICULATION HUMERO-RADIO-ULNAIRE D U DlNDON
HUMERO-RADIO-ULNAR JOINT OF THE TURKEY
+ IIJIEYE-JIOIETE-JIYYEBOE COYJIEHEHME EIHAEmICEl
A - Radius; B - Ulna ; C - Humerus ; a - Labrum

glenoidale radiale; b - Tendo m . anconei longi, pars
ulnaris; b' - Tendo m . anconei longi, pars humeralis;
c - Ligamentum collaterale hurneroulnare dorsale; d - Li-
gamenfum radiohumerale; c - Ligamentum radioulnare
transuersum posterior.
+ ARTICULATIA HUMERO-RADIO-ULNARA LA GISCA

+ ARTICULATION HUMERO-RADIO-ULNAIRE D E L'OIE
110 * HUMERO-RADIO-ULNAR JOINT OF THE GOOSE
+ IIJIEYE-JIOICTE-JIY4EBOE COYJIEHEHEIE I'YCSI
A - Facies anterior ; B - Facies posferior.

C - Humerus ; D - Radius ; E - Ulna ;
a - Ligamenfum humeroulnare anferior ;
b - Ligamenium radiohumerale ; c - Liga-
m e n f u m intermedium ; d - Ligamenfum ra-
dioulnare transuersum anterior ; e - Liga-
mentum radioulnare transuersarum posterior ;
f - Labrum glenoidale ulnare; f' - Labrum
glenoidale radiale ; g - Ligamenfum collate-
rule hurneroulnare dorsale; h - Tendo m .
anconei longi ; i - Ligamenfum radioulnare
obliquum.
' A
+ ARTICULATIA ANTEBRAHIO-CARPO-METACARPIANA LA CURCAN (FACIES LATERALIS)
+ ARTICULATION ANTBBRACIEIO-CARPO-METACARPIENNE
DU DINDON
+ ANTEBRACHIO-CARPO-METACARPAL JOLNT OF THE TURKEY
+ IIPEAIIJIEUEBOn 3AIIStCTHO-II8CTHbIm CYCTAB IZHHEnICIZ
A - Radius ;A' - 0 s carpi radiale ;B - Ulna ;B' - 0 s carpi

ulnare ;C - Ossa metacarpalia ;D - Ossa digili tertii ;E - 0s
digiti quarti ;F - 0 s digiti secundi ;a - Ligamentum radioulnare
distale ;b - Ligamentum carporadiale anterior ;c - Ligamentum
carporadiale iaterale ; d - Ligamentum carpometacarpeum poste-
rior ;e - Ligamentum carpometacarpeum infermedium ;f - Liga-
mentum carpometacarpeum profundum ; g - Ligamenturn carpo-
metacarpeum anterior ;h - Ligamentum intercarpeum posterior ;
i - L igamentum intercarpeum anterior ; j - Ligamentum colla-
terale laterale metacarpophalangeum digiti I I ; 1 - Ligamentum
collaterale laterale articulationis metacarpophalangeae digiti I I I ;
m - Ligamenturn collaterale laterale articulationis metacarpopha-
langeae digifi I V ; n - Ligamenturn collaferale interphalai~grum.
ARTICULATIA ANTEBRAHIO-CARPO-METACARPIANA
LA CURCAN ( F A C I E S M E D I A L I S )
+ ARTICULATION ANTEBRACHIO-CARPO-METACARPI-
ENNE DU DINDON
112 + ANTEBRACHIO-CARPO-METACARPAL JOINT OF THE
TURKEY
+ IIPEAIIJIEUEBOI% SATISICTIIO-IISICTHbIn CBCTAB
HHHEHICEI.
nnre mediale; f - Ligamentum radiometacar-

peum mediale; g - Ligalnentum radiometa-
carpeum anterior ; h - Ligamentum collaterale
A - Radius; B - U l n a ; C - Ossa me- mediale articulationis mefacarpophalangeae
tacarpalia; D - Ossa digiti tertii; E - digiti I 1 ;i - Ligamentum metacarpeum poste-
Ossa digiti quarti ; F - 0 s digiti secundi; rior digifi I I ; j - Ligamentum collaterale
a - Ligamenfum radioulnare distale ; mediale articulationis metacarpophalangeae
b - Ligamentum carpoulnare interme- digiti I I I ; 1 - Ligamentum collaterale me-
d i u m ; c - Ligamentum carpoulnare diale articulationis metacarpophalangeae digiti
posterior ; d - ~ i ~ a m e n t uca~poulnare
m I V ; m - Ligamentum collaterale mediale
anterior ; e - Ligamentum metacarpoul- interdigitale.
113 +
.
4
ARTICULATIA COXO-FEMURALA LA GfSCA
ARTICULATION COXO-FEMORALE DE L'OIE
HIP JOINT OF THE GOOSE
+ TABOBEAPEHHbIH CYCTAB I'YCSi
A - 0 s i l i u m ;B - 0 s ischii ; C - 0 s pubis ; D - 0 s femoris ;

a - C a p u t ossis femoris ; b - Acetabulum ; c - Ligamenturn
Iransoersum ; d - Antitrochanler.
Il4 . ARTICULATIA FEMURO-TIBIO-ROTULIANA LA CURCAN

+ ARTICULATION
DON
FEMORO-TIBIO-ROTULIENNE
KNEE JOINT OF THE TURKEY

D U DIN-
EOJIEHH~IH CYCTAB EIHAEHMH (GOJIbIIIEBEP~OBO-

SE~~PEHHO-YAIUEYKOBLI~)
A - 0 s femoris ;B - Tibia ;C - Fibula ;D - Patella ;a - L i -

gamentum collaterale laterale ; b - Ligamcntum cruciatum poste-
rior (s. decussatum posterior) ;c - Meniscus medialis ;c' - M e -
niscus lateralis ; d - Ligamentum tibiale menisci lateralis ;
e - L i g a m e n t u m cruciatnm anterior (s. decussatum anterior) ;
f - Ligamenturn fibulare menisci lateralis ; g - l i g a m e n t u m ~
tibiofibulare obliquam ; h - Ligamentum rectum patellae.
*+ MENISCURILE ARTICULATIEI FEMURO-TIBIALE LA CURCAN
MENISQUES DE L'ARTICULATION FEMORO-TIBIALE DU DINDON
115 + MENISCI OF THE FEMURO-TIBIAL JOINT IN THE TURKEY
+ MEHHCICH BOJIbIIIEBEP40BO-BEAPEHHOI'O CYCTABA
IlHAEnVlH
a - Ligarnenturn collaterale laterule femurofibiale; b - Ligamen-

1u1n posferius ;c - Meniscus medialis ;c' - hleniscus laterolis ;
d - L i g a m e n f u m cruciatum a n f e r i u s ; e - L i g a m e n f u m femurale
menisci medialis ;f - Condylus lateralis ;g - Condylus medialis ;
h - Crista procnen~ialis;i - Sulcus intercnemialis ; j - Proces-
sus ecfocnemialis ;1 - Sulcus muscularis.
* ARTICULATIA FEMURO-TIBIO-ROTULIANA LA CURCAN(FAC1ES PLANTARIS)

ARTICULATION FEMORO-TIBIO-ROTULIENNE DU DINDON
116 + KNEE JOINT OF THE TURKEY
+ KOJIEHHbItl CYCTAB HHAEBICIl (J3O~TI6IlIEBEP~OBO-I;E~PEHHO-
YAJI~EYKOB~I~)
A - 0 s femoris ; B - Tibia ; C - Fibula ; a - Ligamentum

collaterale Iaterale ;h - L i g a m e n f u m collaterale mediale ;c - M e -
niscus medialis (tibialis) ; d - L i g a m e n t u n ~cruciatum anterior;
e - L i g a m e n f u m cruciatum posterior; f - Meniscus lateralis
(fibnlaris) ;g - Ligamentum tibiofibulare proximale; h - M e m -
brana inlerossea cruris; i - Ligamentum femurale menisci medialis.
117
..ARTICULATIA TIBIO-TARSO-METATARSIANALA CURCAN
+ ARTICULATION TIBIO-TARSO-METATARSIENNE DU DINDON
TIBIO-TARSO-METATARSAL JOINT OF THE TURKEY
BOJIbJlIE6EPIIOBbIH 3AnJIH)CHO-nJIH)CIIEBbIn CYCTAB HHAEBICH
.9 - T i b i a ; B - 0 s melatarsale; a - Meniscus medialis;

b - Ligamentu~ncollaferale mediale; c - Ligamentum colla-
ferule laterale; d - Meniscus laferalis; e - Ligamentum
tibiale menisci lateralis; f - L i g a n ~ e n f u mmeiatarseum menisci
lateralis; g - Ligamentum tibiornetafarseum mediale.
118
.. ARTICULATIILE METATARSO-FALANGIENE LA CURCAN
ARTICULATIONS METATARSO-PHALANGIENNES DU DINDON
XETATARSO-PHAUNGEAL JOINTS OF THE TURKEY
4, IIJIEOCHO-@AJIAHI'OBbIB CYCTAB HHHEEtICH
a - Ligamentunz metafarsophalangeum (bandi elastics) ; b -

Ligamentum metatarsophalageum transuersum; b' - Insertia
ligamentului pe primul deget ; c - Ligamentum inferdigitale;
d - Ligamentum interphalangeum plantare; e - Ligamentum
collaterale.
ARTICULATIILE SCHELETULUI TORACO-ABDOMINAL LA GAINA
+ ARTICULATIONS DU SQUELETTE THORACO-ABDOMINAL DE LA POULE
119 JOINTS OF THE THORACO-ABDOMINAL BONES IN THE HEN
+,I'PYA0BPH)IIIHbIE CYCTABbI IEYPHIIbI
a - Membrana clauiculocoracoidea ; a' - Ligamentum clavi- brana sternocoracoidea ; d - Ligamentum friangularc ; e -

culosternale; b - Membrana sterni medialis; b' - Membrana Ligamentum ilioinquinale ; f - Membrana caudocoxale ; 9 -
sterni lateralis ; b" - Membrana costosternalis ; c - Mem- Articulatio sternocoracoidea ; h - L igan~entainfercosfalia.
MIOLOGIA
MMOJlOTMFI
31 - A I . obliquus externus abdominis; 32 - AI. sarto-
+ MUSCULATURA SUPERFICIALA LA GAINA rius ; 33 - ill. tensor fasciae laiae ; 34 - *lZ. biceps
+ MUSCULATURE SUPERFICIELLE DE LA POULE femoris ; 35 - 111. semirnen~branosus; 36 - M . semi-
120 + SUPERFICIAL MUSCLES OF THE HEN tcndinosus ; 37 - ill. flexor perforam et perforatus
digili 11; 38 - M. gastrocnemius lateralis; 39-45 -
+ IIOBEPXHOCTHAH MYCIEYJIATYPA MYPEZ4bI M . gastrocnemiz~s medialis ; 40 - M. flcFor perforans
el perforatus digiti 1 1 1 ; 41 - M . tibialis caudalis ;
42, 44 - M. peroneus superficialis ; -13 - M . tibialis
cranialis ; 46 - M. extensor digitalis communis ;
47 - M . leuator caudae ; 48 - M. leuator recfricum ;
49 - AI. leuator a n i ; 50 - M . sphincter a n i ; 51 -
Glandula uropygii; 52 - M . basireetricales; 53 - M .
depressor caudae; 54 - nf. caudalis lateralis; 55 -AZ.
depressor rectricum ; 56 - M. cutaneus pectoralis cra-
nialis ;57 - M. cutaneus pectoralis caudalis ;58 - ill.
retractor ani ; 59 - M. flexor perforatus digiti I V ;
60 - I1.1. flexor hallucias longus; 61 - M . flexor
2f digiforum profundus ; 62 - M. tensor patagii longus ;
63 - M. caudofemoralis.
1 - &I. ~nasseter;2 - M. cutaneus colli lnteralis;

3 - hl. biventer maxillae ;4 - M. rectus capitis
dorsalis ; 5 - A[. complexus ; 6 - M. trachea-
lornastoideus ; 7 - M m . intertransuersarii eer-
uicis ; 8 - M. longus colli dorsalis ; 9 - &I.
biuenter ccruicis ;10 - M. rectus capitis lateralis ;
11 - Esophagus; 12 - Trachea; 1 3 - A f . lon-
gus colli oentralis; 14 - M . supir~ator breuis;
15 - M . flexor digitii secundi ;16 - M. interos-
seus uentralis; 17 - M . flexor digifi quarti
longns ; 18 - M. cxtensor digiti lertii medailis ;
19 - M . pronator breuis; 20 - M . flexor digi-
talis superficialis; 21 - M. flexor carpi ulnaris
caudalis ; 22 - A f . biceps bracllii ; 23 - 144.
triceps brachii, caput uenlrale; 24 - M. triceps
brachii, caput dorsale; 25 - M . expansor
sccundarium ;26 - nl. latissiinlzs dorsi ;27 -M.
teres major ct infraspinatus; 28 - M . cutaneus
; 29 - Ir~gluuics; 30 - M. pec-
costol~~i~neralis
toralis superficialis ;
.
+ MUSCULATURA SUPERFICIALA A CAPULUI $I A GITULUI LA GAINA
121 + MUSCLES SUPERFICIELS DE LA TZTE ET DU COU DE LA POULE
SUPERFICIAL MUSCLES OF THE HEAD AND NECK LN THE HEN
f IIOBEPXHOCTI3AR MYCKYJIATYPA FOJIOBLI II IIIEkI IEYPM4b1
1 - ill. rnylohyoideus; 2 - M. masseter superficialis; 3 - M .

quadratomandibularis superficialis; 4 - M . geniohyoideus,
pars dorsalis ; 5 - M . hyomandibularis medialis; 6 - ill.
hyomandibularis lateralis; 7 - M . articulomylohyoideus; 8 -
M . cutaneus colli transuersus; 9 - M . c ~ z f a n e u colli
s lcteralis ;
10 - Fascia ccruicalis, lamina superficialis.
122
..MUSCULATURA SUPERFICIALA A C A P U ~ U ILA CURCAN
MUSCLES SUPERFICIELS DE LA TETE DU DINDON
SUPERFICIAL MUSCLES OF THE HEAD IN THE TURKEY
+ IIOBEPXHOCTHAR MYCKYJIATYPA FOJIOBbI HHAEBIEM
1 - M . masseter superficialis; 2 - M. masseter m e d i u s ;
3 - M . quadratomandibularis superficialis; 4 - Ad. tempo-
ralis ; 5 - M. occipitomrtndibularis (biventer) ;6 - M . cuta-
neus colli lateralis.
+ MUSCULATURA SUPERFICIALA A CAPULUI 81 A HIOIDULUI LA CURCAN
+ MUSCLES SUPERFLCIELS DE LA TETE E T DU HYOIDE DU DINDON
123 + SUPERFICIAL MUSCLES OF THE BEAD AND HYOLD APPARATUS I N THE TURKEY
+ IIOBEPXHOCTHAfl iWYCIEYJIATYPA I'OJIOBLI M I I 0 , Q % S i 3 b I r I H O ~ICOCTIZ I Z H A E ~ K E Z
1 - M. geniohyoideus, pars ventralis; 2 - M , geniohyoidcus,

pars dorsalis; 3 - 1CZ. hyomandibularis medialis; 4 - M .
hyomandibularis lateralis; 5 - M . articulomylohyoideus; 6 -
M . ceratogfossus; 7 - M . rnglohyoideus; 8 - M . sfernolaryn-
geus; 9 - M . masseter superficialis; 9' - M. masseter me-
d i u s ; 10 - M . temporalis; 11 - M. cufaneus colli Iaferalis;
12 - M . occipitomandibularis (biuenfer) ; 13 - M. quadra-
tomandibularis; 14 - Glandula lacrimalis; 15 - Esophagus;
16 - Trachea.
+ MUSCULATURA PROFUNDA A CAPULUI LA CURCAN (STRATUL 11)

+ MUSCLES PROFONDS DE LA TETE DU DINDON ( z e PLAN)
124 DEEP M U S C m S OF THE HEAD I N THE TURKEY (2nd LAYER)
+ PJIYBOICAFI MYCKYJIATYPA FOJIOBbI MH,QEBICII (CJIOn-11)
1 - M . mandibulopalatinus; 2 - M. entotympanicus; 3 -
M. quadratomandibularis, pars profunda; 4 - M. mandibu-
laris infraorbitalis; 5 - M. temporalis; 5' - Tendo m . tem-
poralis ; 6- M. quadratomandibuIaris, pars superficialis ;
7 - M. craniopterygoquadratus oralis; 8 - M. pferygon~an-
dibularis; 9 - M . cutane~zscolli Ialeralis; 10 - M. occipi-
tomnndibnlaris.
+ MUSCULATURA PROFUNDA A CAPULUI LA CURCAN (STRATUL 111)
e MUSCLES PROFONDS DE LA TBTE DU DINDON (3e PLAN)
125 DEEP MUSCLES OF THE HEAD I N THE TURKEY (3rd LAYER)
+ I'JIYBOIEASi MYCICYnATYPA I'OnOBbI HHAEHICLl (CJIOII 111)
1 - M . ~nandibulopalatinus; 2 - 11.1. quadratomandibu1trr.i~

profundus oralis ;3 - M. quadratomandibularis profundus abo-
ralis; 4 - Ad. quadratomandibularis superficialis; G - M .
craniopterygoquadratus aboralis; 7 - M. craniopferygoquadru-
t ~ t soralis; 8 - M . occipifomandibularis; 9 - M . cutancus
colli lateralis; 15 - Ad. temporalis.
0 MUSCULATURA PROFUNDA A CAPULUI LA CURCAN (STRATUL IV)

+ n x u s c L E s PROFONDS
DE LA TRTE DU DINDON (4e PLAN)
126 + DEEP MUSCLES OF THE HEAD IN THE TURKEY (4th LAYER)
6 I'JIYEOIEASI MYCICYJIATYPA I'OJIOBbI EIHAE~ICII(CJIOII I V )
5
1 - 111. martdibulopalatinus; 2 - M. eniotylnpanicus; 3 -
M . ~ ~ l e r y g o m a n d i b u l a r i s4; - Al. craniopterygoquadratus ora-
l i s ; 5 - M . temporalis; 6 - M . craniopterygoquadratus abo-
ralis; 7 - M . occipitontandibultrris; 8 - M. cutanezis colli
1h.tcralis.
MUSCULATUBA CAPULUI 51 A HIOIDULUI LA CURCAN
e MUSCLES DE LA TETE ET DU HYOIDE DU DINDON
'21 4 MUSCLES OF THE HEAD AND HYOlD APPARATUS IN THE TURKEY
+ MYCICYJIATYPA I'OJIOBLI H lIOflbR3hI'INOfl IEOCTH EIHaE&iIEH
1 - M . geniohyoideus, pars venfralis; 2 - M. geniohyoideus, loferalis; 11 - Af. mylohyoideus; 12 - M. sternolaryngeus;

pars dorsalis; 3 - M . hyomandibularis medialis; 4 - M . 13 - Trachea; 14 - M. nzassefer superficialis; 14' - M .
h ~ o m a n d i b u l a r i slateralis; 5 - M . articuiomylohyoideus; 6 - masrefer ~ n e d i u s ;15 - AT. IemporaZis; 16 - M. cutunrus m l l i
AZI, cerafoglossus; 7 - iM. infercerafoideils; 8 - M. loryngo- lateralis; 17 - Af. occipifomundtbulnris; 18 - 12. qzzadrato
Iiyoideus; 9 - Af. hyoglossus medialis; 10 - M . 11goglossus mandibuluris superficialis.
128 .
4
4
MUSCULATURA HIOIDULUI $1 A LIMB11 LA CURCAN (FACIES L A T E R A L I S )
MUSCLES DU HYOIDE ET DE LA LANGUE DU DINDON
MUSCLES OF THE HYOID APPARATUS AND TONGUE IN THE TURKEY
4 MYCIEYJIATYPA IIOATi83619HOf4 IEOCTH H 83bIIcA EIHAEf4IEH
1 - M . geniohyoideus, pars ventralis; 2 - M . geniohyoideus, 9 - M. hyomandibularis lateralis; 10 - M . articulornylohyoi-

pars dorsalis; 3 - M. ceratoglossus; 4 - M . hyoglossus m:- d e u s ; 11 - M. laryngohyoideus; 12 - Al. sternolaryngeus;
dialis; 5 - M . hyoglossus lateralis; 6 - M . mylohyoideus ; 13 - M . occipitomandibularis; 14 - Esophagus; 16 - T r a -
7 - M. interceratoideus; 8 - M. hyornandibularis medialis; chea.
+ MUSCULATURA HIOIDULUI $I A LIMBB LA CURCAN (FACIES DORSALIS)
4 MUSCLES DU HYOIDE ET DE L A LANGUE DU DINDON
129 * MUSCLES OF THE HYOID APPARATUS AND TONGUE I N THE TURKEY
+,MYCICYJIATYPA IIOAbJXSbIgHOm IEOCTH H SiBbIECA EZEIAEmRH
1 - M . geniohyoideus, pars dorsalis; 2 - M . genio-

hyoideus, pars uentralis; 3 - M. hyomandibularis la-
teralis; 4 - M. I~yomnndibularismedialis; 5 - M. ce- /
ratoglossus; 9 - M . trachealis lateralis; 10 - M .
slernolaryngeus; 11 - M. hyolaryngeus; 12 - M. cri-
coarytenoideus superficialis; 13 - M. inferarytenoi-
2
d e u s ; 14 - Corpus linguae; 15 - M. cricoarytenoideus
p r o f u n d u s ; 16 - M . thyreoglossus.
MUSCULATURA HIOIDULUI S I A LIMBII LA CURCAN

(FACIES V E N T R A L I S )
+,MUSCLES DU HYOIDE ET DE LA LANGUE DU
DINDON
130 Q MUSCLES OF THE HYoID APPARATUS AND TONGUE
IN TRE TURKEY
+ MYCIEYJIATYPn ITOA'Ii.lI361YIIO?i KOCTII EI JX3bIIEA
EIIIAEmKH
1 - M . geniohyoidieus, pars dorsalis; 2 - M . geniohyoideus,

pars uentralis ;3 - M. hyomandibularis medialis ; 4 - M . hyo-
mandibularis lateralis ;5 - M. ceratoglossus; 6 - M . h y o g l o s s ~ s
lateralis; 7 - M . hgoglossus medialis; 8 - M . interceratoide-
u s ; 9 - M . trachealis lateralis; 10 - M . sfernolaryngeus.
131 . MUSCULATURA SUPERFICIALA A CAPULUI $1 A n I o m L u I LA GPSCA
0 MUSCLES SUPERFICIELS DE LA T ~ T EET DU HYOIDE DE L'OIE
SUPERFICIAL MUSCLES OF THE HEAD AND HYOID APPARATUS IN THE GOOSE
+ IIOBEPXHOCTHASI MYCKYJIATYPz2 I'OJIORbI Zl lIOHbSIBbIYH0m IEOCTH I'YCSI
1 - M . masseter profundus; 2 - M . massefer srrperficialis; medialis; 10 - M . ceratoglossus; 11 - M . ge~liohyoideus;

3 - ill. temporalis; 4 - M. quadrato~nandibularissuperficia- 12 - Ad. hyomandibularis lateralis; 13 - Af. trrticulomylo-
[ i s ; 5 - M. occipifomandibr~laris,pars aboralis; 6 - M. cu- hyoideus; 14 - hf, sternolaryngeus; 15 - Lig. lacrimoman-
taneus colli lateralis; 7 - M. nzylohyoideus superficialis; dibulare; 16 - Palpebra tertia; 17 - L i g . zygomatolacrimale;
8 - Af. mylohyoideus p r o f u n d l ~ s ; 9 - M. hgomandibulnris 18 - Esophngus; 19 - Trachea.
+ MUSCULATURA SUPERFICIALA A CAPULUI LA GPSCA
132 + MUSCLES SUPERFICIELS WE LA TETE DE L'OIE
SUPERFICIAL MUSCLES OF THE HEAD IN THE GOOSE
+ IIOBEPXHOCTHASI MYCXY,IIATYPA I'OJIOBLI I'YCSI
40
1 - AZ. masseter superficialis ; 2 - M. masseter profundus ;

3 - M. quadratomandibularis superficialis; 4 - M. quadra-
tomandibularis profundus aboralis; 5 - M . iemporalis; 6 -
M . occipitomandibularis, pars aboralis; 7 - M . o c c i p i t c f ~ ~ a n -
dibularis., 'aars oralis :8 - M . cutaneus colli laferalls; 9 - 31.
hyomandibuluris ; 10'- Palpebra tertia.
6 MUSCULATURA CAPULUI LA GISCA

1 - M . temporalis; 2 - M . lnlssefer ~ u p e r f i ~ i a l i3~-
; 1\.1. 4 MUSCLES DE LA TETE DE L'OIE
masseter profundus; 4 - M . mandibularis infraorbitalis; 133 + MUSCLES OF THE HEAD IN THE GOOSE
5 - M. qnadratomnndibularis superficialis; -6 - M . quadra- + MYCXYJIATYPA I'OjlOBbI I'YCSI
fomandibularis profundus aboralis; 7 - M. occipitomandibu-
laris, pars oralis; 8 - M . occipitomandibularis, pars nboralis;
9 - M . mandibulopalatinus; 10 - M , orbitoptel ygoideus ;
11 - M . craniopterygoquadraius oralis; 12 - M . cutufleus
colli lateralis; 13 - Lig. orbitopalatinnm.
+ MUSCULATURA PECOFUNDA A CAPULUI LA GISCA (STRATUL IID
+ MUSCLES PROFONDS DE LA T ~ T EDE L'OIE (3e PLAN)
134 + DEEP MUSCLES OF THE HEAD IN THE GOOSE (3rd LAYER)
+ l'JIYBOIEASI MYCXYJIATYPA FOJIOBbI l'YCSI (CJIOn 111)
1 - M. quadratornandibularis profundus oralis; 2 - M . qua-

drafornandibularis superficialis; 3 - M. quadratomandibula-
ris profundus aboralis; 4 - M . craniopferygoq~zadratusabora-
l i s ; 5 - M . craniopterygoquadratus oralis; 6 - M . orbito-
pterygoideus; 7 - M . pterygomandibularis; 8 - M . rnandi-
bulopalatinus; 9 - M . occipitornandibularis, pars aboralis;
10 - M. occipitornandibularis, pars oralis; 11 - M . cuta-
neus colli lateralis; 12 - Lig. orbitopalafinum.
+ MUSCULATURA PROFUNDA A CAPULUI DE GISCA (STRATUL IV)

135
+ MUSCLES PROFONDS DE LA TETE DE L'OIE (4e PLAN)
DEEP MUSCLES OF THE HEAD IN THE GOOSE (4th LAYER)
+ FJIYBOXASI MYCICYJIATYPA I'OJIORM f'S'CSI (CJIOB IV)
1 - M. rnandibulopalatinus; 2 - M . pterygornandibularis;
3 - M. craniopferygoquadratus aboralis; 4 - M. cranioptery-
goquadratus oralis; 5 - M . orbitopterygoideus; 6 - M. occi-
pifornandibularis, pars aboralis; 7 - M. occipitornandibularis,
aars oralis: 8 - Lie. orbito~alatinurn. IK & 2 = 4
136
.. MUSCULATURA SUPERFICIALA A CAPULUI $1 A APARATULUI HIOIDIAN LA RATA
RlUSCLES SUPEEFICIELS DE LA TETE ET DU HYOIDE DU CANARD
SUPERFICIAL MUSCLES OF THE HEAD AND HYOID APPARATUS IN THE DUCK
IIOBEPXHOCTHASI MYCICYJIATYPA FOJIOBM H IIOA'bST8bI9HOl'O AIIIIAPATA
YTICH
A - Facies laizralis; B - Facies ventralis. sternolaryngeus; 11 - M . mylohyoideus superficialis; 12 - M .

1 - M . geniohyoideus; 2 - M . hyomandibularis lateralis; occipiiomandibularis oralis et aboralis; 13 - h'l. cutaneus colli
2' - M . hyomandibularis medinlis; 3 - M . mylohyoideus lateralis; 14 - M. temporalis; 15 - M . masscter superficia-
I
profundus ; 4 - M . inierceraioideus; 5 - M. ceratoglossus; -
l i s ; 16 M . masseter profundus; 17 - M. quadratomandibu-
6 - M . glossus iransuersus; 7 - M . I~ryngohyoideus;8 - M . laris superficialis; 18 - M . hyoglossus lateralis.
hyoglossus medialis ; 9 -- AP. trachealis lateralis; 10 - A I .
* MUSCULATURA CAPULUI LA GISCA (FACIES V E N T R A L I S )
MUSCLES DE LA TETE DE L'OIE
137 MUSCLES OF THE HEAD IN THE GOOSE
MS'CKYJIATYPA I'OJIOBM I'YCSI
1 - Al. occipitornandibularis, pars ventralis; 2 - M . cnto-

tyn~panicus;3 - ill. mandibulopalatinus, pars medialis; 4 -
M . mandibulopalatinus, pars lateralis.
+ FASCIXLE TRUNCHIULUJI, GITULUI, AR.IPna 91 MUSCULATURA TENSOARE A ACESTORA LA CURCAN
+ FASCIAS DU TRONC, DU COU, DE L'AILE ET LEURS MUSCLES TENSEURS CHEZ LE DINDON
138 + FASCIAE OF TRUNK, NECK, WING AND T-R TENSOR MUSCLES IN THE TURKEY
+ @ACUEIH TYJIOBHWA, IlIE12, IEPbIJIA 12 EIX HAIIPSlrAH)WASI MYCECYJIATYPA Y HHHEmfEH
1 - Fascia cervicalis, lamina superficialis; 2 - Fascia cer-

vicalis, lamina pretrachealis; 3 - Fascia cervicalis, lamina
preuertebralis; 4 - Fascia trunci; 5 - Fascia brachii; 6 -
Fascia antebrachii; 7 - Fascia autopodialg ; 8 - Membrana
patagialis ; 9 - M . cutaneus colli lateralis; 10 - 1I1. cutaneus
nuchalis; 11 - M . eutaneus colli caudalis; 12 - M . cutaneus
pectoralis cranialis; 13 - M . cutaneus costohumeralis; 14 -
M . cutaneus pecforalis caudalis; 15 - M . patagialis. @
139
..LIGAMENTUL NUCAL LA GISCA
LIGAMENT NUCHAL DE L'OIE
NUCHAL LIGAMENT OF THE GOOSE
+>SATbIJIOPHASI CBSISKA I'YCSI
1 - ligamenturn nuchale; 2 - Fascia ccruicalis, lamina

pretrcrche~lis; 3 - Septum fasciae.
+ M U ~ C H I IPLELOSI AI GfTULUI 91 AI TORACELUI LA CURCAN
+ MUSCLES PEAUCIERS DU COU ET DU THORAX DU DINDON
140 + CUTANEOUS MUSCLES OF THE NECK AND THORAX IN THE TURKEY
+ KOXCHME MbIlIIUM lUEH M I'PYAHOB ICJIETICH HHHEBKH
1 - M . bivenfer ceruicis, pars cranialis; 2 - M . cutaneus

colli lateralis; 3- Fascia ceruicalis, lamina superficialis;
4 - Fascia cervicalis, lamina pretrachealis; 5 - Fascia cer-
vicalis, lamina prevertebralis; 6 - M. cutaneus nuchalis;
7 - M. cutaneus cleidodorsalis; 8 - M . cutaneus spinalis
dorsalis; 9 - M . cutaneus iliacus; 10 - AT. deltoideus; 11 -
M . lafissfmus dorsi, caput craniale; 12 - M . trapezius; 13 -
M . triceps brachii.
+ MUSCULATURA CUTANATA CERVICALA LA CURCAN
+ MUSCLES PEAUCIERS DU COU DU DINDON
141 + CXJTANEOUS MUSCLES OF THE NECK LN THE TURKEY
+ ICOXCHASf IIIEBHASI MYCICYJIATYPA HHAEmICH
1 - M. cutaneus colli lateralis; 2 - Fascia cervicalis, lamina

superficialis; 3 - Fascia cervicalis, lamina prevcrfebralis;
4 - M. cufaneus nuchalis; 5 - M. cutaneus cleidoiiorsalis.
+ MUSCULATURA CERVICALA LA CURCAN

142
+ MUSCLES DU COU DU DINDON
6 MUSCLES OF THE NECK IN THE TURKEY
Y IIIEBHAB MYCICYJIATYPA HHAEHKH
1 - M . complexns; 2 - M . tracl~ealomnstoideus; 3 - M . 8 - M . scalenus; 9 - M. longissirnus dorsi; 10 - M . longus

rectus c a p i f i s ventralis; 4 - M . recfus capitis lateralis; 5 - colli dorsalis; 11 - Mm. obliquotransuersales; 12 - M. biuen-
M . longus colli ventralis caudalis; 6 - M. longus colli ven- ter cervicis; 13 - hfm. inferfransversarii cervicis.
tralis intermedius; 7 - M. longus colli venfralis cranialis;
143
4
a
. MUSCULATURA CERVICALA LA CURCAN
MUSCLES D U COU D U DINDON
MJJSCLES OF THE NECK IN THE TURKEY
IIIEaHAJ3 MMBCRYJIATYPA HH.4EmIELl
1 - M . complexus; 2 - M . recfus capitis dorsalis; 3 - 1'2. intermedius; 7 - M . longus colli venfralis cranialis; 8 - M m .
trachealomasfoideus; 4 - M. longus colli dorsalis; 5 - M. obliquofransversales ; 9 - film. infertransversarii cervicis ;
longus colli venfralis caudalis; 6 - M. longus colli ventralis 10 - M m . interspinales; 11 - M. bivenfer cervicis.
e MUSCULATURA SUPERFICIE-LA CERVICALA LA CURCAN

MUSCLES SUPERFICIELS D U COU DU DINDON
144 SUPERFICIAL MUSCLES OF THE NECK IN THE TURKEY
+ IIOBEPXHOCTHASI IIIEBHASI MY CRYJIATYPA kIHAEmICkI
1 - d l . rectus capilis dorsulis; 2 - ill. obliqnus c a u d ~ l l ~ s ; ~ ~ z l e r n ~ e d i7u s-

; &I. Ior~guscolli ventralis cranialis; 8 - M ~ I .
3,10 - film. intcrarticulares; 4 - hf. biventer ceruicis; 5 - M . obliquotransuersales ; 9 - M m . obliquospinales ; 10 - Mm.
longus rolli ventralis caudalis; 6 - iTI. longus colli ventralis interspinales; 11 - M . longus colli dorsalis.
145
..MUSCULATURA CERVICALA LA CURCAN
MUSCLES DU COU D U DINDON
MUSCLES OF THE NECK IN THE TURKEY
+ IIIEHHAsI M'YCIEYJIATYPA EZHHEnICH
1 - M . complexus; 2 - M . longus colli dorsalis, pars crania-

[is ;3 - M . longus colli dorsalis, pars caudalis $ 4 - M . bioen-
fer cervicis, pars cranialis; 5 - M . biventer cervicis, pars cau-
dalis; 6 - M m . obliquotransoersales; 7 - Mm. interspinales;
8 - M. scalenus; 9 - Mm. levatores costarum.
+ MUSCULATURA SUPERFICIALA LA RATA ( F A C I E S DORSALIS)
+ MUSCLES SUPERF1CIEL.S DU CANARD
146 + SUPERFICIAL MUSCLES OF THE DUCK
+ IIOBEPXHOCTHASI BfYCIEYJIATYPA YTICH
1, 2 - M. trapezius; 3 - M. cutaneus iliacus; 4 - M. teres

major et infraspinatus; 5 - M . lafissimus dorsi, pars cra-
nialis; 6 - M. latissimus dorsi, pars caudalis; 7 - M. sa-
crolumbalis; 8 - M. serratus magnus; 9 - M . cutaneus
costohumeralis; 10 - M. pectoralis superficialis; 11 - M.
cutaneus pecforalis cranialis; 12 - M. triceps brachii, caput
dorsale;.13 - M. patagialis; 14 - M. deltoideus ;15 - Tendo minis caudalis; 24 - M . gastrocnemius lateralis; 25 - M .
m. scapulodeltoidei ;16 - M. cutaneus cleidodorsalis ;17 - M. gastrocnemius medialis; 26 - M . levator caudae; 27 - M.
szrtorius; 18 - M. tensor fasciae latae; 19 - M. biceps caudofemoralis; 28 - M. levator rectricum; 29 - M . retractor
femoris; 20 - M . semitendinosus; 21 - M. semimembrcmo- a n i ; 30 - M . depressor recbicum; 31 - M . transversus peri-
s u s ; 22 - M. abdominis externus; 23 - M. cutaneus abdo- n e i ; 32 - M . sphincter a n t ; 33 - Glandula uropygii.
@ MUSCULATURA SUPERFICIALA TORACO-ABDOMINO-CAUDALA LA CURCAN
147 ++ MUSCLES SUPERFICIELS DU THORAX, DE L'ABDOMEN ET DE LA QUEUE DU DINDON

SUPERFICIAL MUSCLES OF THE THORAX, ABDOMEN AND TAIL IN THE TURKEY
+ IIOBEPXHOCTHASI I'PYA0BPH)IIIHAH H XBOCTOBASI MYCIEYJIATYPA H H ~ E B I E H
-
1 M. pectoralis superficialis ;2 - M . obliquus externus abdorninis ; major et infraspinatus ;16 - M. latissirnus dorsi, pars caudalis ;17 - M.
3 - M. obliquus internus abdorninis; 4 - M . cutaneus pectoralis era- rhomboideus; 18 - M . serratus magnus; 19 - M . leuator caudae;
nialis ;5 - M. cutaneus pectoralis caudalis ;G - M. patagialis ;7 - M. 20 - M. leuator rectricum; 21 - M. depressor caudae; 22 - M. basi-
tensor patagii longus ; 8 - M. cutaneus costohurneralis ; 9 - M . cuta- recfricales ; 23 - M. depressor rectricurn ; 24 - M. caudalis lateralis
neus iliacus; 10 - M. biceps brachii; 11 - M. triceps brachii, caput 25 - M. leuator a n i ; 26 - M . transoersus perinei; 27 - M. sphincter
mediale; 12 - M. expansor secundarium ; 13 - M. triceps brachii, ani ; 28 - Bursa Fabricii.
caput dorsale; 14 - M. latissirnus dorsi, pars cranialis ; 15 - M. teres
C
MUSCULATURA SCAPULO-HUMERALA $I A TORACELUI LA CURCAN
MUSCULATURE SCAPULO-HUMERALE ET DU THORAX DU DINDON
148 SCAPULO-HUMERAL AND THORAX MUSCLES OF THE TURKEY
4 MYCKYJIATYPA JIOIIATKH, IIJIEYA H I'PYHHOn ICJIETIEEI MIIAEnKH
1 - M . trapezius; 2 - M . rhomboideus; 3 - M . sacrolum- teres m i n o r ; 10 - 1x1. scapuloRumeralis; 11 - M . cutaneus

balis; 4 - M. teres major et infraspinatus; 5 - M , serrafus ceruieobrachialis; 12 - Tendo m. pectoralis profundi; 13 -
magnus; 6 - M. obliquus externus abdominis; 7 - 32. cora- Lig. scapulohumerale mediale ;14 - M . sartorius ;15 - Apo-
cobrachialis e x f e r n u s ; 8 - M. pectoralis profurtdus; 9 - A l . neurosis m. obliqui externi abdominis; 16 - Labrum glenoidale.
149 . MUSCULATURA TORACO-ABDOBZINALA LA CURCAN (FACIES LATERALIS)
MUSCLES DU THORAX ET DE L'ABDOMEN DU DINDON
MUSCLES OF THE THORAX A N D ABDOMEN IN THE TURKEY
I'PYAOEPIollIHAsI MYCECYaATYPA HHAEHICkI
1 - M . subscapularis, pars lateralis; 2 - M . coracobrachialis sternocoracoideus; 12 - Lig. scapulohumerale mediale; 13 - Tendo

internus ; 3 - M . sacrolumbalis ; 4 - Mm. levatores costarum ; m . bicipitis brachii ;14 - M. scapulohumeralis ;15 - M . transversus
5 - M . serratus ventralis ; 6 - Mm. intercostales externi ; 7 - M . abdominis ; 16 - M. scalenus ; 17 - Lig. triangulare ; 18 - M .
obliquus internus abdominis ; 8 - M . rectus abdominis ; 9 - M . coracohumeralis ;19 - M . biceps brachii.
obliquus externus abdominis ;10- Mm. subcostales laterales ; 11 - M .
.
6 MUSCULATURA TORACELUI LA CURCAN
+ MUSCLES DU THORAX DU DINDON
15O MUSCLES OF THE THORAX IN THE TURKEY
+ HYCKYJIATYPA FPYAHOti KJIETICH
IIHJIEBICJI
I - iM. biceps brachii; 2 - M . triceps brachii; 3 - M . ex- Aponeurosis m . obliqui externi abdominis; 12 - Mm. inter-
pmsor secundarium; 4 - M . latissimus dorsi; 5 - M. feres costales externi ; 13 - M m . subcostales; 14 - M. pectoralis
major et infraspinatus; 6 - M . serratus nmgnus; 7 - M . superficialis; 15 - M . pectoralis profundus; 16 - M . cora-
serratus ventralis; 8 - M m . leuatores costarum; 9 - hl. cobrachialis externus ; 17 - M. coracobrachialis internus;
sternocostalis; 10 - M . obliqrlus externus abdominis; 11 - 18 - M. coracobrachialis dorsalis; 19 - Af. subscapularis.
lS1
.. MUSCULATURA TORACELUI LA CURCAN
MUSCLES DU THORAX DU DINDON
MUSCLES OF THE THORAX IN THE TURKEY
MYCICYJIATYPA I'PBHHOa KJIETKH HHnEnICH
1 - M . trapezius; 2 - 31. rhomboideus; 3 - I%[. scalenus; pectoralis profundi ; 12 - JI. scilpulol~un~eralis; 1 3 - &I. teres
4 - M. serrafus dorsalis; 5 - M . serratz~sventralis; 6 - ill. minor ; 14 - Lig. scapulohun~eralernediale ; 15 - M. pecfo-
subscapularis, pars medialis; 7 - M . subscapularis, pars ralis profundus; 16 - llf. obliquus cxteinus abdominis; 17 -
lateralis; 8 - M . sternocoracoideus; 9 - M . coracobracl~ialis M . serratus m a g n u s ; 18 - M . sacrolurnbalis; 19 - Mrn. in-
externus ; 10 - M . coracobrcrchialis internus ; 1 1 - Tendo m. fercostales superficiales; 20 - 11. sartorius.
6 MUSCULATURA BAZEI GITULUI $I MUSCULATURA COSTALA LA CURCAN
+ MUSCULATURE DE LA BASE DU COU ET MUSCULATURE COSTALE DU DINDON
152 MUSCLES OF THE L o w E n NECK AND COSTAL REGION IN THE TURKEY
+ LMYCIEYJIATYPAOCHOBAHHSI IUEH H PEEEPIIASI MYCIEYJIATYPA MHAEHKH
1 - Mm. obliqui colk'; 2 - .&I. longus colli ventralis infer- 8 - Mm. infercostalcs superficiales ; 9 - J l m . intercostales
n ~ e d i u s ; 3 - iM. longus colli ver~tralis cccudtriis; -1 - 31. externi; 10 - M . serratus ventralis; I1 - 111. sternocostalis;
scalenus; 5 - J4. srtcrolumbalis, pars cranialis; G - d l . 12 - M . sternocoracoideus; 13 - J l m . subcostales; 14 - M m .
[ongissimus dorsi; 7 --6.sacrolumbalis, pars caudalis; Itvatores costarum.
iia
4 MUSCULATURA TORACELUI LA CURCAN
MUSCLES DU THORAX DU DINDON
lS3 MUSCLES OF THE THORAX IN THE TURKEY
4 MYCKYJIATYPA FPYAHOll KJIETKH IlHAEmIEH
1 - M. trapezius; 2 - 11.3. serraius dorsalis; 3.6 - Mm. i n - pars medialis; 14 - M. coracabracl~ialisinternus; 15 - M .

tercostales externi; 4 - M . rhomboideus; 5 - M . serratus teres m i n o r ; 16 - Tendo tn. pectoralis profundi ; 17 - M.
m a g n u s ; 7,s - Mm. subcostales laterales; 9 - A l . sternoco- scapulohumeralis; 18 - Lig. scapulohumerale mediale; 19 -
racoideus; 10 - M . scalenus; 11 - M . serratus veniralis; Tendo m . coracobrachialis eaterni; 20 - M . sternocostalis.
12 - M.subscapularis, pars lateralis; 13 -- M . slrbscapularis,
+ MUSCULATURA TORACO-ABDOMINALA LA CURCAN ( F A C I E S M E D I A L I S )
MUSCULATURE THORACO-ABDOMINALE DU DINDON
+ TIIORACO-ABDOMINAL MUSCLES OF THE TURKEY
+ I'PYaOEPIoHIHAa M Y C K Y a 4 T S P A MHAEmKIl
1 - M. deltoideus; 2 - M . scapulohumeralis; 3 - M . subscapularis, pars 11. - M . scalenus; 12 - M . serrafus ventralis; 13 - M m . intercostales

medialis; 4 - M . coracobrachialis internus; 5 - M . serratus dorsalis; 6 - interni; 14 - Diaphragma; 15 - M . transversus abdominis; 16 - Aponeu-
M . coracobrachialis dorsalis; 7 - M . pectoralis superf icialis; 8 - M m . rosis abdominis; 17 - M m . levatores costarum.
subcostales mediales; 9 - hf. sternocoracoideus; 10 - M . sternocostalis;
+ MUSCULATURA COZII LA GAINA
+ MUSCLES DE LA QUEUE DE LA POULE
lS5 @ MUSCLES OF THE TAIL IN THE HEN
+ MYCICYJIATYPA XBOCTA ICYPLiqbI
1 - M. levator caudae; 2 - M . leuator rectricum; 3 - 41.

8 basirectricales; 4 - M . depressor caudae; 5 - M . de-
pressor rectricum; 6 - hl. caudalis lateralis; 7 - M. leva-
for a n i ; 8 - M . transversus perinei; 9 - M . sphincter
a n i ; 10 - 111. caudofemuralis; 11 - M. retractor a n i ;
12 - M . obliquus externus abdominis; 13 - 111. semi-
n~embranosus.
+ MUSCULATURA COZII L.4' CURCAN

MUSCLES DE LA QUEUE DTJ DINDON
156 + M u s c L E s OF TIIE T m L IN THE TURKEY
+ MYCKYJXATYPA XBOCTA HHAEmIEm
A - Facies dorsalis; B - Facics v e n t r a l i s

1 - M . levator caudae; 2 - M . levutor rectricum; 3 - M .
caudofernoralis; 4 - M . semimembranosus; 5 - M. basirec-
tricales; 6 - Aponeurosis abdominis; 7 - M. transversus
perinei ; 8 - M . sphincter a n i ; 9 - M. levafor a n i ; 10 -
bl. depressor caudae; 11 - M . caudalis lateralis; 12 - M.
depressor rcctricum.
4 MUSCULATURA COZIl LA GAINA ( F A C I E S D O R S A L I S )
4 MUSCLES DE LA QUEUE DF, LA POULE
15z MUSCLES OF THE TAIL IN THE HEN
4 MYCZCYJIATYPA XBOCTA IEYPkIIlbI
1 - M. longissimus dorsi ; 2 - Al. levator caudae; 3 - 11.1.

senzimembranosus; 4 - M . levator reetricum; 5 - M . ba-
sireetricales; 6 - Glandula uropygii.
MUSCULATURA COZLI LA CURCAN

(FACIES D O R S A L I S )
MUSCLES DE LA QUEUE DU
DINDON
MUSCLES OF THE TAIL IN THE
TURKEY
MYCECYJIATYPA XBOCTA HHAEmICH
1 - M . longissimus dorsi; 2 - M . leuator caudae; 3 - M .

' leuator rectricum; 4 - M . depressor rectricum; 5 - M . basi-
rectricales; 6 - Mm. intertransversarii caudae; 7 - M. semi-
membranosus; S - Glandula uropygii.
MUSCULATURA COZLI LA R A T O ~
MUSCLES DE LA QUEUE D U CANARD
159 + M u s c m s OF THE TAIL IN TIIF. DRAKE
+ MYCIEYJIATYPA XBOCTA CEJIE3HSI
1 - IM.levator caudae; 2 - M. levafor rectricum; 3 - M. transversus perinei; 9 - M . sphincter a n i ; 10 - M. obli-

caudofemoralis; 4 - M. caudalis latcrnlis; 5 - M . refractor quus externus abdominis; 11 - M . cufaneus abdominis cau-
a n i ; 6 - A I depressor rectricum; 7 - M . levator a n i ; 8 - M . d a l i s ; 12 - M . semimembrnnosus; 13 - Glandula uropygii.
MUSCULATURA COZP LA RATA
MUSCLES DE LA QUEUE DE LA CANE
160 + M u s c L E s OF THE TAIL Iiv THE DUCK
MYCKYJIATYPA XBOCTA YTEH
1 - M. leoator caudae; 2 - M . levaior rectricum; 3 - M . a n i ; 11 - M . obliquus externus abdominis; 12 - M. cuta-

caudofemoralis; 4 - A n u s ; 5 - M . retractor a n i ; 6 - M . neus abdominis caudalis; 13 - Glandula uropggii; 14 - M .
caudalis lateralis: 7 - M. depressor reciricum; 8 - M . le-
-~~~ ~ ~
semimembrunosus.
oator a n i ; 9 - M. transuersis perinei; 10 - M . sphincter
161
.. R'IUSCULATURA COZII LA GISCA
MUSCLES DE LA QUEUE DE L'OIE '
MUSCLES OF THE TAIL M THE GDOSE
+ MYCKYJIATYPA XBOCTA ryca
2 - A4. Ieuator caudae; 2 - M. leuator reetricunz; 3 - M . transversus perinei; 9 - Ail. sphincter a r i ; 10 - M . obliquus
caudofemoralis; 4 - Ail. caudalis lateralis; 5 - M . refractor externus abdominis; 11 - M. semimembranosus; 12 - Glan-
a n i ; 6 - 144. depressor recfricum; 7 - M. Ieuator a n i ; 8 - Al. drrla uropygii ;13 - M. cufancus cbdorninis caudalis.
+ FASCIILE ARIPII $I MUSCULATURA TENSOARE A ACESTORA
+ FASCIAS DE L'AILE ET LEURS MUSCLES TENSEURS
162 @ WING FASCIAE AND THEIR TENSOR MUSCLES
+ (DACQHH IEPbIJlA H ETO HAIIPSIrAEOII4ASE MYCIEYJIITYPA
1 - Membrana patagialis ; 2 - Fascia brachialis; 3 - Fascia antebrachialis; M . extensor carpi radialis p r o f u n d u s ; 18 - Ai. extensor digiti tertii medi-
4 - Fascia carpea ; 5 - Fascia metacarpophalangea ; 6 - M. tensor patagii alis ; 19 - M . extensor digiti tertii lateralis ; 20 - 11.1. extensor carpi obli-
longus ; 7 - M . patagialis ; 8 - M . cutaneus iliacus ; 9 - M. cutancus spi- q u u s ; 21 - M. flexor digiti superficialis ; 22 - d l . extensor digiti tertii pro-
nalis dorsalis; 10 - M . biceps brachii; 11 - M . triceps brachii; 12 - Ji. f u n d u s ; 23 - M . flexor corpi ulnaris caudalis; 24 - V i n c u l u n ~clasticum dor-
expansor secundarium; 13 - M . brachialis; 14 - hi. extensor carpi radialis sale; 25 - V i n c u l u m elasticum volare.
superficialis; 15 - ICI. pronator breuis; 16 - M . pronator longus; 17 -
MUSCULATURA ARIPII LA CURCAN (FACIES D O R S A L I S )
+ MUSCULATURE DE L'AILE DU DINDON
lb3 MUSCLES OF THE WING IN THE TURKEY
+ MYCIEYJIATYPA IEPbIJIA HHAEBKH
1 - M . pectoralis superficialis ; 2 - M . pafagialis; 3 - M . deltoideus ; et digili t e r f i i ; 12 - Brida fa'sciei rnetacarpiene; 15 - &I. abductor digiii
4 - M. latissimus d o r s i ; 5 - M. triceps brachii, caput dorsale; 6 - M . secundi ; 16 - M . extensor digiti secundi; 17 -- M . flexor digiti secrlndi ;
extensor carpi radialis superficialis; 7 - M . extensor carpi radialis profun-
dus ; 8-20 - M. extensor digiti tertii lateralis ; 9-13 - M. flexor m e f a -
.
18 - M. cxfensor digiti tertii breois; 19 - Tendo m. interossei dorsalis ;
21 - Membrana patagialis.
carpi Iongus ;10 - M. anconens lateralis ;11- 1.1 - M. flexor digiti secundi
MUSCULATURA ARIPII LA CURCAN (FACIES DORSALIS)
164 * MUSCULATURE DE L'AILE DU DINDON

M u s c L E s OF THE WING IN THE TURKEY
itfYCKYJIATYPA IEPbI.'IA H H ~ E H E E E Z
1 - M. puiagialis; 2 - M. deltoideus; 3 - M. scapulohumeralis m a x i m u s ; 1.5 - 121. ubductor digiti quarti proprius; 16 - M . flexor digiti quarti brevis;
4 - M , triceps brachii, caput dorsale; 5 - M. biceps brachii; 6 - M. extensor 1'7 - M. flexor digiti quarti longus; 18 - M. extensor digiti tertii brevis ;
carpi radialis superficialis ;7 - M. extensor carpi radtulis profundus ;8 - M . 19 - M. extensor digiti secundi ;20 - M. flexor digiti secundi ;21 - M. ab-
supinator breuis ; 9 - M. flexor digiti secundi et digiti tertii ; 10 - M. flexor ductor digiti secundi ;22 - M. flexor et abductor metacarpi brevis ;23 - M.
rnetacurpi longus; 11 - A l . anconeus lateralis; 12 - M. extensor digiti tertii interosseus ventralis; 24 - Membrana patagialis.
lateralis ; 13 - M . flexor metucarpi caudalis ; 14 - M. interosseus dorsalis ;
i'/f n
.. MUSCULATURA ARIPII LA CURCAN (FACIES DORSALIS, STRATUL PROFUND)
165 + MUSCULATURE DE L'AILE DU DINDON
MUSCLES OF THE WING IN THE TURKEY
6 MYCIEYJIATYPAIEP~IJIAHHAEIIIEH
1 - M . extensor carpi radialis superficialis; 2 - M . extensor carpi radialis pro-

fundus; 3 - M. extensor digiti tertii lateralis; 4 - M . flexor digiti secundi et
digiti tertii ; 5 - M. flexor metacarpi longus ; 6 - Tendo m . tricipitis brachii,
caput dorsale ; 7 - Tendo m . tricipifis brachii, eaput uentrale ; 8 - Ligamentunl
eolaterale dorsalc humeroulnare ; 9 - M. flexor melaearpi caudalis ; 10 - M.
flexor et abductor metaearpi breuis; 11 - M . interosseus dorsalis; 12 - M . flexor
digiti qnarti longus; 13 - M. interosseus uentralis; 14 - M. flexor digiti quarti
breuis ;15 - M. extensor digiti tcrtii breuis ;16 - M. flexor digiti secundi ;17 - M .
extensor digiti secundi; 18 - M. abductor digiti sceundi; 19 - M. abductor digiti
quurti proprius.
166
.
4 MUSCULATURA AUTOPODIULUI TORACIC LA CURCAN
MUSCULATURE DE L'AUTOPODIUM THORACIQUE DU DINDON
MUSCLES OF THE THORACIC AUTOPODIUM IN THE TURKEY
MYCIEYJIATYPA IEHCTH ICPbIJIA ElHAEmKH
1 - M . extensor carpi radialis superficialis; 2 - M. extensor carpi

radialis p r o f u n d u s ; 3 - M. extensor digiti tertii lateralis; 4 - M.
flexor digiti secundi et digiti tertii ;5 - M. flexor metaearpi longus ;
6 - M. flexor carpi ulnaris caudalis; 7 - M. flexor metacarpi
caudu!is; 8 - M. flexor et abdzletor metacarpi breuis ;9 - M. abduc-
tor digiti secundi; 10 - A[. flexor digiti secundi; 11 - M. extensor
digiti secundi; 12 - M. extensor digiti tertii breuis; 13 - M. flexor
digiti quarti breuis ; 14 - M. abductor digiti quarti proprius;
15 - Tendo m . interossei uentralis ;16 - T e n d o m. interossei dorsa-
lis ; 17 - M. expansor primarium.
+ MUSCULATURA ARIPII LA CURCAN (FACIES VENTRALIS)
+ MUSCULATURE DE L'ALLE DU DINDON
167 MUSCLES OF THE WING IN THE TURKEY
+ MYCICYJ~ATYPAI E P ~ I J ~EAI H A E ~ I E E I
1 - M. biceps brachii ; 2 - IM. triceps brachii, caput uentrale ; 3 - M. 17 - M . extensor carpi radialis profundus; 18 - M . flexor carpi ulnaris
triceps brachii, caput dorsale ; 4 - M . coracobracl~ialis dorsalis ; 5 - M . caudalis; 19 - 1M. extensor digiti tertii medialis; 20 - M . extensor carpi
coracobrachialis externus ; G - l'endo ~ n coracobrachialis
. inlerni ; 7 - M. obliquus ; 21 - M. extensor digiti secundi ; 22 - M. flexor digiti sccundi;
pectoralis superficialis ; 8 - XI. tensor patagii longus ; 9 - M . patagialis ; 23 - M. extensor digiti tertii brevis ;24 - ;\.I.interosseus ventralis ;25 - hf.
10 - Membrancr patagialis; 11 - M . expansor secrzndarium ; 12 - M. flexor digiti quarti longus ; 26 - Fascia carpea ; 27 - M. flexor digiti
bracl~ialis;13 - ;\I. extensor carpi radialis superficialis ; 14 - M. pronator superficialis ; 28 - M. extensor d i g i f i feriii profundus ; 29 - ,% adductor
I.
breuis; 15 - dl. pronutor longus; 1G - M . extensor digiti tertii lateralis ; digiti seczmdi.
le8 .
MUSCULATURA ARIPII LA CURCAN (FACIES VENTRALIS, STRATUL PROFUND)
MUSCULATURE DE L'AILE DU DINDON
MUSCLES OF THE WING IN THE TURKEY
MYCIEYJIATYPA IEPbIJIA EIHAEmIEH
1 - ,IT. triceps brachii, caput uentrale; 2 - M . triceps brachii, caput f u n d u s ; 13 - *TI. extensor carpi obliquus; 14 - Tendo m . ter~soris
n ~ e d i u l e ;3 - M . triceps brachii, captrt dorsale; 4 - M . latissimus patagii longi ; 15 - M. extensor digiti secundi ; 16 - 31. flexor
dorsi ; 5 - M . bracl~ialis; 6 - S I . pronntor longus ; 7 - M . anco- digiti secundi; 17 - 144. interosseus uenlralis; 18 - M. exlensor
neus medialis ; 8 - M . extensor digiti lertii nledialis ; 9 - Tendo digiti tertii breuis ; 19 - M. flexor metacarpi caudalis ; 20 - A l .
m . bicipitis brachii; 1 0 - A!!. supinator breuis; 11 - M . extensor flexor digiti quarti Iongus; 21 - M. adductor digiti secundi.
carpi radialis superficialis; 12 - 1M. extensor carpi radialis pro-
169
.
+ MUSCULATURA PROFUNDA A ARIPIi LA CURCAN (FACIE$
MUSCULATURE PROFONDE DE L'AILE DU DINDON
DEEP MUSCLES OF THE WING IN THE TURKEX
+ I'JIYEOKAa MYCKYJIATYPA KPbIJIA ElHHEBKEl
VENTRALIS)
1 - Tendo m. bicipitis brachii; 2 - M. supinator brevis; digiti quarti longus; 12 - M . interosseus ventralis; 13 - M.
3 - Af. brachialis; 4 - M . extensor digiti terfii medialis; extensor digiti tertii brevis; 14 - M . abductor digiti secundi;
5 - M . eztensor digiti tertii lateralis; 6 - M . extensor carpi 15 - M . flexor digili secundi; 16 - M . extensor digiti se-
radialis profundus; 7 - M . extensor carpi obliquus; 8 - M. c u n d i ; 17 - M . adductor digiti secundi; 18 - Lig. collaferale
extensor digiti tertii profundus; 9 - M. flexor carpi ulnaris humeroulnare.
caudalis; 10 - .If. flrxor metacarpi caudalis; 11 - l f . flrxor
..MUSCULATURA LATERALA A COAPSEI LA CURCAN
MUSCULATURE LATERALE DE LA CUISSE D U DINDON
LATERAL MUSCLE OF THE THIGH IN THE TURKEY
+ JIATEPAJIbHAa MYCICYJIATYPA BEAPA EIHHEmfEH
1 - M . sartorius; 2 - M . tensor fasciae latae; 3 - M. lrocnemius medialis; S - M. perone~ls superficialis; 9 -

biceps femoris; 4 - M. semitendinosus; 5 - M . semimem- M m . flexor perforans et perforatus digiti I I et 1 1 1 ; 10 - M .
branosus; 6 - M . semimembranosus accesorius; 7 - M. gas- gastrocnemius lateralis; 11 - M. levator caudae.
MUSCULATURA COAPSEI LA COCOS (FACIES MEDIALIS)
MUSCULATURE DE LA CUISSE DU COQ
lZ1 MUSCLES OF THE THIGH IN THE COCK
+ MYCICYJIATYPA BEAPA IIETYXA
1 - M . obturatorius internus, pars intermedia; 1' - M . gluteus medius; 9 - M . gluteus superficialis, pars cranialis;
obturaiorius internus, pars dorsalis; 1" - M . obturaforius 10 - M . sartorius; 11 - M . semimcmbranosus; 12 - M . cau-
internus, pars uentmlis; 2 - M . gracilis; 3 - M . adductor dalis lateralis; 13 - M . depressor caudae; 14 - M . gastrocne-
nlagnus; 4 - M . oastus medialis; 5 - M . pectineus (am- mius, pars medialis.
biens) ; 6- M . recius femoris ; 7 - M . iliacus; 8 - M .
+ MUSCULATURA COAPSEI LA RATA (FACIES MEDIALIS)
+ MUSCULATURE DE LA CUISSE DU CANARD
lZ2 + BIUSCLES OF THE THIGH IN THE DUCK
+ MYCICYJIATYPA BEAPA YTIEki
1 - M. obturlrtorius infernus; 2 - M . gracilis; 3 - hf. ad- glufeus suberficialis, pars cranialis; 10 - M . sartorius;
ductor magnus; 4 - M , vastus medialis; 5 - M . pectineus 11 - M , semimembranosus; 12 - M . caudofemoralis; 13 -
(ambiens); 6 - M . rectus femoris; 7 - M . iliacus; 9 - M . M . gasfrocnemius, pars medialis.
+ MUSCULATURA PROFUNDA A BAZINULUI LA CURCAN (FACIES LATERALIS,
+ MUSCULATURE PROFONDE DU BASSIN DU DINDON
173 DEEP MUSCLES OF THE GLUTEAL REGION IN THE TURKEY
+ I'JIYEOIEASI MYCKYJIATYPA TA3A MHAEnIEH
1 - M . gluteus superficialis, pars cranialis ;2 - M . gluteus profundus ;

3 -- M . gluteus superficialis, pars caudalis ;4 - M . quadratus femoris ;
5 - M . obturatorius externus; 6 - Tendo m . gemelli; 7 - Tendo m.
obturatorii interni.
..
MUSCULATURA PROFUNDA A BAZINULUI LA CURCAN
MUSCULATURE PROFONDE DU BASSIN DU DINDON
DEEP MUSCLES OF THE GLUTEAL REGION IN THE TURKEY
I'JIYBOEASf WCIEYJIATYPA TA3A HHnEPIEH
1 - M . obturatorius internus, pars dorsalis; 2 - 1M. obtu-

raiorius internus, pars intermedia; 3 - M . obturatorius
internus, pars ventralis; 4 - M . quadratus femoris; 5 - M .
obturatorius externus; 6 - M . pcctineus (ambiens); 7 - M.
iliacus; 8 - M . gluteus profundus; 9 - M . gluteus superfi-
cialis, pars cranialis; 10 - M. gemellus.
+ MUSCULATURA PROFUNDA A BAZINULUI LA GAINA
6 MUSCULATURE PROFONDE DU BASSIN DE LA POULE
175 + DEEP MUSCLES OF THE GLUTEAL REGION IN THE HEN
+ rJIYl3OICAsI MYCICBJIATYPA TABA KYPEZubI
1 -, M . obturatorius internus, pars infermedia; 1' - M . obturatorius

internus, pars dorsalis ;1" - M . obfuraforius internus, pars ventralis ;
1"' - Tendo m . obturatorii interni ;2 - Mm. gemelli ;3 - M . iliacus ;
4 - M . gluteus profundus ;5 - M . quadratus femoris.
+ MIJSCULATURA PROFUNDA A COAPSEI 31 A COZII LA CURCAN
MUSCULATURE PROFONDE DE LA CUISSE ET DE LA QUEUE DU DINDON
l26 + DEEP MUSCLES OF THE THIGH AND TAIL IN THE TURKEY
+ I'JIYEOIEASI MYCKYJIATYPA BEAPA M XBOCTA ElHHEmIEEl
1 - ill. tcnsor fasciae latae; 2 - ill. sartorius; 3 - Ad. bi- n i ; 11 - hl. leuator caudae; 12 - M. leuator reciricum;
ceps felnoris; 4 - M . semitendinosus; 5 - M . semin~embra- 13 - M . depressor caudae; 14 - M. caudalis lateralis;
nosus; 5' - ill. semimen~brcrnosus uccesorius; 6 - M . adduc- 15 - M . depressor rectricum; 16 - M. retractor a n i ; 17 -
lor longus; 7 - Al. gracilis; 8 - M . obturatorizis externus; M . Ieuafor a n i ; 18 - M . basirectricales; 19 - M. sphincter
9 - M. quadratus femoris; 10 - Tendo In. obturatorii inter- ani ; 20 - M . adductor magnus.
* MUSCULATURA PROFUNDA A BAZINULUI LA GISCA (FACIES LATEEALIS)
MUSCULATURE PROFONDE DU BASSIN DE L'OIE
DEEP MUSCLES OF THE GLUTEAL REGION IN THE GOOSE
PJIYBOIEASI MYCICYJIATYPA TA3A I'YCSI
Y
' 3 1 - M. glufeus medius; 2 - M . gluteus superficialis, pars
&
< A/ cranialis; 3 - M. gluteus superficialis, pars caudalis; 4 - M .
'% 3,
.>.=.3/
quadratus femoris ; 5 - M . obturatorius externns ; 6 - M.
caudofemoralis; 7 - Tendo m . obfuraforii interni; 8 - Glan-
".- ,
* MUSCULATURA PROFUNDA A BAZINULUI LA GfSCA (FACIES MEDIALIS)

MUSCULATURE PROFONDE D U BASSIN DE L'OIE
DEEP MUSCLES OF THE GLUTEAL REGION IN THE GOOSE
+II'JIYBOICASI MYCICYJIATYPA TA3A I'YCSI
1 - M . obturatorius internus; 1' - Tendo m. obtura-

torii interni ; 2 - M. gemellus ; 3 - M . iliacus ;
4 - M. gluteus superficialis, pars cranialis; 5 - M .
obturatorius externus.
lZ9 * MUSCULATURA SUPERFICIALA A GAMBEI LA CURCAN (FACZES LATERALIS)
MUSCULATURE SUPERFICIELLE DE LA JAMBE DU DINDON
SUPERFICIAL MUSCLES OF THE SHANK IN THE TURKEY
6 IIOBEPXHOCTHASI MYCIEYJLATYPA I'OJIEIIH ElHAEmIEH
1 - M . gastrocne~nius lateralis; 1' - M. gastrocnemius me-

dialis; 2 - M. peroneus superficialis; 3 - M. flexor perfo-
runs et perforatus digiti 1 1 ; 4 - M. flexor perforans et per-
foratus digiti 111; 5 - Tendu m. flexoris perforantis et per-
forati digiti 111; 6 - M. flexor hallucis longus; 7 - M .
flexor perforatus digiti I V ; 8 - M. flexor perforatus digiti 11;
9 - Tendo calcaneus communis ( s . Achillis) ;10 - M. tibiulis
cranialis; 11 - M . peroneus profundus; 12 - Anulus tibialis.
*MUSCULATURA SUPERFICIALA A GAMBEI LA CURCAN

(FACIES MEDIALIS)
180 MUSCULATURE SUPERFICIELLE DE LA JAMBE DU DINDON
SUPERFICIAL MUSCLES OF THE SHANK IN THE TURKEY
EOBEPXHOCTK4SL MYCIEYJIATYPA I'OJIEHH EIHAEBIEEZ
1 - 1If. gastrocnemius medialis; 1' - M . gastrocnemius Ia-

teralis; 1" - Tendo calcaneus cummunis ( s . Achillis) ; 2 -
M , peroneus superficialis; 3 - M . tibialis cranialis; 4 - M .
extensor digitorum longus; 5 - M. flexor digitorum profun-
d u s ; 6 - M . tibialis caudalis; 7 - M . flexor perforatus
digiti I V ; 8 - M . semifendinosus; 9 - M . flexor hallucis
breuis; 10 - Anulus tibialis; 11 - Lig. collaterale mediale;
12 - Patella.
Is2
.. MUSCULATURA CRANIALA A GAMBEX LA CURCAN
MUSCULATURE CRANIALE DE LA JAMBE DU DINDON
CRAN- MUSCLES OF THE SHANK IN THE TURKEY
+ IEPAHHAJIbHASI WCIEYJIATYPA I'OJIEHII HHAEnICH
1 - A l . peroneus superficialis; 2 - M . gasfrocnen~ius,pars

medialis; 3 - M . tibialis cranialis; 4 - M . extensor digi-
torum longus; 4' - Tendo m . exfensoris digitorum longi;
5 - Znsertio m . extensoris digitorum longi; 6 - M . peroneus
profundus; 7 - M . extensor hallucis breuis; 8 - M . adductor
digiti 1 1 ; 9 - M . adductor digiti Z V ; 10 - Anulus tibialis;
11 - Condylus lateralis; 12 - Meniscus intraarticularis;
13 - M . abductor digiti Z V ; 14 - M. extensor digiti ZII.
lsl
..MUSCULATURA PROFUNDA A GAMBEI LA CURCAN
MUSCULATURE PROFONDE DE LA JAMBE DU DINDON
DEEP MUSCLES OF THE SHANK IN THE TURKEY
~~JWBOIEA~~CIEYJIATYPA~OJIEHHHHAEBKH
1 - M. popliteus; 2 - M . flexor digiforum profundus; 3 -

M . semitendinosus; 4 - Anulus muscularis; 5 - Meniscus
medialis ; 6 - Lig. crucialum craniale ; 7 - Lig. collaterale
latefale; 8 - Lig. collaterale mediale.
. MUSCULATURA GAMBEI LA GAINA
MUSCULATURE DE LA JAMBE DE LA POULE
MUSCLES OF THE SHANK IN THE HEN
+ MYCIEYJIATYPA I'OJIEHH ICYPEI~bI
1 - M. flexor perforalus digiti 111, caput proximalc; 1' -

M . flexor rerforatus digiti 111, caput distale; 1" - Tendo
rn. perforaii digiti 111; 2 - M . flexor perforatus digiti I V ,
caput proximale; 2' - ill. flexor perforatus digiti I V , caput
laterale; 2" - M. flexor perforatus digiti I V , caput dis-
tale; 2"' - Tendo m . flexoris perforati digiti I V ; 3 - M.
flexor perforans digiiorum profundus ;3'- Tendo m . flexoris
perforantis digitorum profundi; 4 - M . flexor perforatus
digifi 1 1 ; 4' - Tendo m . flexoris perforati digiti I I ;
5 - M. flexor hallucis longus; 5' - Tendo m . flexoris hal-
lucis longi; 6 - M. flexor perforans et perforatus digiti 111,
caput proximale; 6' - M. flexor perforans et perforatus
digiti IZI, caput distale; 6" - Tendo m. flexoris perforanfis
et perforati digiti I I I ; 7 - M. flexor perforans et perfora-
tus digiti 11, caput proximale; 7' - M. flexor perforans
et perforatus digiti 11, caput distale; 7" - Tendo m . flexo-
ris perforantis et perforati digiti 11; 8 - M. peroneus
superficialis; 8' - Tendo proximalis m . peronei super-
ficialis ; 8" - Tendo distalis m . peronei superficialis ;
9 - M. tibialis caudalis; 9' - Tendo m . tibialis caudalis;
10 - M. gastrocnemius, pars medialis; 10' - M. gastroc-
nemius, pars lateralis; 11 - M. semimembranosus accesso-
rius ; 12 - Insertio proximalis m . gasfrocnemii lateralis ;
13 - M. semitendinosus; 14 - Tendo calcaneus commu-
n i s (s. Achillis); 15- M. flexor hallucis brevis.
184
..
MUSCULATURA GAMBEI LA CURCAN
MUSCULATURE DE LA JAMBE DU DINDON
MUSCLES OF THE SHANK IN THE TURKEY
MYCFCYJIATYPA I'OJIEHH EiHJIEnFCH
1 - hl. flexor perforatus digiti Z Z Z , caput proximale; 1' - M.

flexor perforatus digiti Z I I , caput distale; 1" - Tendo m.
flexoris perforati digiti 111; 2 - M. flexor perforatus digiti I V ,
caput proximale; 2' - M . flexor perforatus digiti I V , caput
laterale; 2" - M. flexor perforatus digiti ZV, caput distale;
.
2 - Tendo m . flexoris perforati digiti Z V ; 3 - M. flexor
111
perforans digitorum profundus; 3' - Tendo m . flexoris perfo-

rantis digitorum profundi ;4 - A l . flexor perforatus digiti 1 1 ;
4' - Tendo m . flexoris perforati digiti 1 1 ; 5 - M. flexor
hallucis longus; 5' - Tendo m. fleroris hallucis longi; 6 - M.
flexor perforans et perforatus digiti IIZ, caput proximale;
6' - M. flexor perforans et perforatus digiti IZZ, caput distale;
6" - Tendo m. flexoris perforantis et perforati digiti I I Z ;
7 - M. flexor perforans et perforatus digiti I I , caput proxi-
male; 7' - M. flexor perforans el perforatus digiti Z Z , caput
distale; 7" - Tendo m. perforantis et perforati digiti ZZ;
8 - M . peroneus superficialis; 8' - Tendo proximalis m.
peronei superficialis; 8" - Tendo distalis m . peronei superfi-
cialis; 9 - M . tibialis caudalis; 10 - M. gastrocnemius, pars
medialis ; 10' - M. gastrocnemius, pars lateralis ; 11 - M.
semimembranosus ; 11' - M. semimembranosus accessorius ;
12 - Znsertio proximalis m. gastrocnemii lateralis; 13 - M.
semitendinosus ;14 - Tendo calcaneus communis (s. Achfllis).
MUSCULATURA POSTERIOARA A GAMBEI LA GfSCA
MUSCULATURE CAUDALE DE LA JAMBE DE L'OIE
185 CAUDAL MUSCLES OF THE SHANK IN THE GOOSE
+EEAYAAnbHASIMYCICYJIATYPAI'OJIEHHFYCSl
1 - M. flexor perforatus digiti I I I , caput proximale;

1' - M. flexor perforatus digiti I I I , caput distale; 1" -
Tendo m. flexoris perforati digiti 111; 2 - M. flexor per-
foratus digiti ZV, caput proximale; 2' - M. flexor perfo-
ratus digiti I V , caput laterale; 2" - M. flexor perforatus
digiti I V , caput disfale; 2"' - Tendo m . perforati digiti
I V ; 3 - M. flexor perforans digiforum profundus; 3' -
Tendo m . perforantis digitorurn profundi; 4 - M . flexor
perforatus digiti I I ; 4' - Tendo m . perforati digiti Z I ;
5 - M . flexor hallucis longus; 5' - Tendo m . flexoris
hallucis longi; 6 - M . flexor perforans et perforatus digiti
I I I , caput proximale; 6' - M. flexor perforans et perfo-
ratus digiti I I I , capuf distale; 6" - Tendo m . perforantis
ct perforati digiti 111; 7 - M. flexor perforans et perfo-
ratus digiti I I , caput proximale; 7' - M . flexor perforans
et perforatus digiti IZ, cnput distale; 7" - Tendo m . perfo-
ranfis ef perforanfi digiti 11; 8' - Tendo proximalis m .
peronei superficialis; 8" - Tendo distalis m . peronei
superficialis; 9 - M. tibialis caudalis; 9' - Tendo rn.
tibialis caudalis; 10 - M. gastrocnemius, pars medialis ;
10' - M. gastrocnemius, pars lateralis; 10" - M. gas-
trocnemius, pars intermedia ;11 - M.semimembranosus ;
12 - Insertio proximalis m. gastrocnemii lateralis; 13 -
M . semitendinosus; 14 - Tendo calcaneus communis
(s. Achillis).
186
.
4
MUSCULATURA METATARSO-FALANGIANA LA CURCAN (FACIJZ3 DORSALIS)
MUSCULATURE METATARSO-PHALANGIENNE DU DINDON
FOOT MUSCLES OF THE TURKEY
+ @AJIAHI'O-IIJIWCHEBAJI MYCIEYJIATYPA HHHEZIIEH
..MUSCULATURA METATARSO-FALANGIANA LA CURCAN (FACIES MEDIALIS)

+ MUSCULATURE METATARSO-PHALANGIENNE
FOOT MUSCLES OF THE TURKEY
DU DINDON
+ mAJUHF0-nJIIo CHEBAJI MYCIEYJIATYPA HH AEZIIEB
..MUSCULATURA METATARSO-FALAN-
GIANA LA CURCAN (FACIES P L A N T A R I S )
LES MUSCLES METATARSO-PHALAN-
GIElNS D U DINDON
~METATARSO-PHALANGEAL WUSCLES oz
THE TURKEY
+ TYPA
@AJIAHI'O-IIJIWCHEBAH
HHHEZIKH
MYCXYJIA-
1 - M. extensor hallucis brevis; 2 - A l . adductor

digiti I V ; 3 - hl. abductor digiti I V ; 4 - M .
lS6 extensor digiti I I I breuis; 5 - M. adductor di-
giti I I .
1 - M. flexor hallucis brevis; 2 - M . extensor

l~allueisbreuis; 3 - IM.extensor digiti I I I ; 4 - M .
adductor digiti 1 1 ; 5 - Tendo m . flexoris hallucis
breuis.
1 - M . abductor digiti I V , pars proximalis; 1'- M.

abductor digiti I V , pars distalis; 2 - M. flexor hallucis
188 breuis; 3 - M . abductor digiti I T ; 4 - Tendo m. exten-
soris hallucis breuis; 5 - Ligamentum elasticum.
APARA TUL DIGESTIV
APPAREIL DIGESTIF
DIGESTIVE SYSTEM
OPrAH bl Il MUEBAPEH MA
lB9
.. CAPUL LA PASARILE DOMESTICE
TETE DES OISEAUX DOMESTIQUES
HEAD OF DOMESTIC BIRDS
I'OJIOBA AOMAJJIHEt IITHIJbI
A - Cap de coco? (Gallus domesticus); B - Cap dc rat5 inferior (valva inferioarg) ; 3 - Naris; 4 - Rulbus oculi;
(Anas domestica) ; C - Cap de gfsc5 (Anser domesticus) ; 5 - Palpebra superior ; 6 - Palpebra inferior ;7 - Palpebra
D - Cap de curcan (Meleagris gallopavo) ;E - Cap de bibi- terfia; 8 - Porus acusticus externus (acoperit cu pene fine) ;
lic5 (Numida meleagris) ; F - Cap de porumbel (Columba 9 - Urechiugg ; 10 - Btlrbitg ; 11 - Casc5 (corn) ;12 - Mot ;
domestica) ; 13 - Creast5 ; 14 - SalbP.
1- Puteal superior (valva superioar5); 1'- Tint&; 2 - Puteal
+ SECTIUNE MEDWA PRIN CAPUL DE GAINA (dup8 Schummer, 1973)
+ COUPE MEDIANE DE LA TETE DE LA POULE
190 + MEDIAN SECTION OF THE HEAD IN THE HEN
+ MEAEfAJIbHbIn PA8PE3 I'OJIOBbI ICYPHwbI
1 - Puteal superior; a - Pufeal inferior; 3 - Cavum oris; rire; 15 - Septum interorbitale; 16 - Telencephalon; 17 -
4 - Lingua ; 5 - Cavum pharyngis ; 6 - Pliu faringian ; Chiasma opticum; 18 - Diencephalon; 19 - Hypophysis;
7 - Choana; 8 - Papillae palati ; 9 - Larynx cranialis; 20 - Cerebellum; 21 - Medulla oblongata; 22 - Medulla
10 - Trachea; 11 - Esophagus; 12 - Concha nasalis dor- spinalis; 23 - Creastg; 24 - Bgrbit5.
salis; 13 - Concha nasalis ventralis; 14 - Cartilaj de acope-
191
..LIMBA CU PLANSEUL CAVITATII BUCO-FARINGIWE LA GAINA
LANGUE ET PLANCHER DE LA CAVITE BUCCO-PHARYNGIENNE DE LA POULE
TONGUE AND FLOOR OF THE BUCCO-PHARYNGEAL CAVITY IN THE HEN
8 3 b I K C HH3fEHEm XIACTbH) POTOPJIOTIEH ICBPHQbI
a - Papillae laryngis cranialis; b - Glandulae cricoarytenof-

deae (ostia) ;c - Glandulae mandibulares posteriores (ostia) ;
d - Glandulae linguales posteriores (ostia) ; e - Papillae
linguae; f - Glandula mandibularis anterior (ostia) ; g -
Plica transuersa ; h - Aditus laryngis cranialis ; i --Apex
linguae; j - Apparatus hyoideus.
192
.. PLAFONUL CAVITATII BUCO-FARINGIENE LA GAINA
PLAFOND DE LA CAVITE BUCCO-PHARYNGIENNE DE LA POULE
ROOF OF THE BUCCO-PHARYNGEAL CAVITY IN THE HEN
+ BEPXHSISI ¶ACTb POTOPJIOTIEH IEYPEQbI
a - Papillae palati posteriores; b - Glandulae pterygoideae

et tubarae (ostia) ;c - Papillae palati anteriores; d - Glan-
dulae palatinae laterales (ostia) ; d' - Glandulae palatinae
mediales (ostia) ;e - Ostium glandulae maxillaris; f - Choa-
n a ; g - Crista palaiina; h - T o m i u m puiealis superioris.
+ LIMBA CU PLANVEUL CAVITATII BUCO-FARINGIENE LA CURCAN
+ LANGUE ET PLANCHER DE LA CAVITE BUCCO-PHARYNGIENNE DU DINDON
193 + TONGUE AND FLOOR OF THE BUCCO-PHARYNGEAL-CAVITY IN THE TURKEY
4 SI3bIEC O H E ~ ~ ~ E HYACTbH)
EU POTOFJIOTEH HHAEHKH
a - A p e x linguae; b - R a d i x linguae; c - A d i t u s llcryngis

cranialis; d - Papillae laryngis cranialis : e - Glandulae
linguales posteriores (ostia) ;f - Pdpillae linguae; g - Glan-
dulae cricoargtenoideae (ostia) ; h - Glandula mandibularis
anterior (ostia) ; i - A d i t u s esopliagi ; j - Apparatus hyoi-
deus.
+ PLAFONUL CAVITATII BUCO-FAXINGIENE LA CURCAN

+ PLAFOND DE LA CAVITE BUCCO-PHARYNGIENNE DU DINDON
194 + ROOF OF THE BUCCO-PHARYNGEAL CAVITY IN THE TURKEY
+ BEPXHSISI g A C T b POTOl'JIOTIEM IIIIAE5lIEH
a - Choana; b - Papillae palati anteriores; c - Glandulae

palatinae lrrterales ( o s t i a ) ;d - Glandulae palatinae mediales
(ostia) ; e - O s t i u m glandulae maxillaris; f - Crista pala-
t i n a ; g - A n g u l u s oris.
+ LIMBA CU PLANSEUL CAVITATII BUCO-FARINGIENE LA RATA
+ LANGUE ET PLANCHEB DE LA CAVITE BUCCO-PHARYNGIENNE DU CANARD
195 + TONGUE AND FLOOR or THE Bucco-PHARYNGEAL CAVITY IN THE DUCK
+ R8bIEE 0 HH3fEHEn YACTbH) POTOrJIOTKH YTKE
a - Aditus lar!jnyis crania!is; b - Papillae lary~lyiscrania-

l i s ; c - Radix linguae; d - Papillae linguae; e - Sulcus
medianus linguae; f - Papillae linguae lateralcs; g - Apex
linguae ; h - Papillae linguae mediales ;i - Putenl inferior.
PLAFONUL CAVITATII BUCO-FARINGIENE L.4 RATA

+ PLAFOND DE LA CAVITE BUCCO-PHARYNGIENNE DU CANARD
' 196 *+ ROOF OF THE BUCCO-PHARYNGEAL CAVITY IN THE DUCK
BEPXHSISI g A C T b POTOI'JIOTICH YTMH
a - Choana; b - Tomium putealis supcrioris; c - Crestele

cornoase transversale; d - Facies palatinn; e - 1.iniile cor-
noase ; f - Crista palatina.
+ LlMBA CU PLANSEUL CAVITATII BUCO-FARINGIENE LA GISCA
+ LANGUE ET PLANCHER DE LA CAMTE BUCCO-PHARYNGIENNE DE L'OIE
197 + TONGUE AND FLOOR OF THE BUCCO-PHARYNGEAL CAVITY IN THE GOOSE
+ aabIIC C HHXHEH FIACTbH) POTOrnOTIEH FYCR
a - Aditus laryngis cranialis; b - Papillae laryngis cra-

nialis; c - Plica transversa ; d - Radix linguae; e - Pa-
pillae linguae; f - Pulvinus adiposus ; g - Papillae linguae
laterales; h - Papillae linguae mediales; i - Sulcus me-
dianus linguae; j - Apex linguae; 1 - Corpus linguae.
+ PLAFONUL CAVITATU BUCO-FARINGIENE LA G ~ S C A

19s + PLAFOND DE LA CAVITE BUCCO-PHARYNGIENNE DE L901E
+ ROOF OF THE BUCCO-PHARYNGEAL CAVITY IN THE GOOSE
+ B E P X H B B qACTb POTOFJIOTICEI FYCB
a - Tornium putealis superioris; b - Crestele cornoase trans-

versale ; c - Papillae palati ; d - Facies palatina ; e -
Choana.
+ LIMBA CU PLANSEUL CAVITATII BUCO-FARINGIENE LA GISCA CARUNCULATA
+ LANGUE ET PLANCHER DE LA CAVIT* BUCCO-PHARYNGIENNE DE L'OIE CHINOISE
199 + TONGUE AND FLOOR OF THE BUCCO-PHARYNGEAL CAVITY M THE CHINESE GOOSE
+ SISbIIE C H H X H E B PACTbH) POTOFJIOTICH ICHTABCICOI'O I'YCSI
a - Adilus laryngis cranialis; b - Papillae laryngis cra-

nialis ;c - Pliea transuersa ;d - Radix linguae ;e - Papil-
lae linguae; f - Puluinus adipusus; g - Papillae linguae
lateralps ; h - Papillae linguae mediales; i - Sulcus media-
nus linguae; j - Apes linguae; l - Adilus esophagi.
200
.
e MUSCULATURA LARINGELUI 81 A LIlMBII LA CURCAN (FACIES D O R S A L I S )
MUSCLES DU LARYNX ET DE LA LANGUE DU DINDON
MUSCLES OF THE LARYNX AND TONGUE IN THE TURKEY
+ MYCICYJIATYPA I'OPTAHH H JZ3bIICA EiHAEmICH
I - M . grr~iohyoideus, Fars dorsalis;

2 - M . geniolryoideus, pars aentralis;
3 - M . l~yo~nandibularislateralis; 4 -
M . hyomandibularis n~edialis; 5 - M .
ceratoglossus; 9 - M . trachealis lateralis;
10 - M . sternolaryngeus ; 11 - M. hyo-
I ~ ~ r y n g e f l12
s ; - M . cricoarytenoideus su-
!):rf:'cidlis; 13 - M. interarytenoideus ;
14 - Corpus linguae; 15 - M . cricoary-
lenoideus profundus ; 16 - M. thyreo-
glossus.
201
.. MUSCULATURA LARINGELUI 81 A LIMB11 LA CURCAN (FACIES V E N T R A L I S )
MUSCLES DU LARYNX ET DE LA LANGUE DU DINDON
MUSCLES OF THE LARYNX AND TONGUE IN THE TURKEY
WCICYJI4TYPA FOPTAHH H B3bIICA ElHHEmICH
1 - M. thgreoglossus; 2 - M . hyolaryngeus; 3 - M . cera-

toglossus; 4 - M . hyomandibularis medialis; 5 - M . hyo-
glossus lateralis; 6 - M . hyoglossus mediulis ; 7 - Ail. tra-
chealis lateralis: 8 - M . sternolaryngeus; 9 - Basihyoideum;
10 - Ceratohyoideum; 11 - Trachea.
+ GLANDELE SALIVARE LA GAINA
+ GLANDES SALIVAIRES DE LA PDULE
202 @ SALIVARY GLANDS OF THE HEN
+ CJrIoHHbIE XCEJIE3bI IEYPHUbI
a - Glandula angularis oris ( s . pa-

rotis) ;b - Glandulae palatinae; c -
Glandulae mandibulnres posteriores ;
d - Glandula mandibularis anterior ;
e - Glandulae crico~rytenoideae; f -
O s f i u m glandulae maxillaris.
+ STOMACUL LA CURCAN
+ ESTOMAC DU DINDON
+ STOMACH OF THE TURKEY
+ XEJIYAOIE HHAEmfEH
A - Facies sinistra; B - Facies

dextra.
a - T'enfriculus, pars glandularis;
b - T'enfriculus, pars muscularis;
c - Pylorus (cu origirlea duode-
nului) ; 1 - Pars infermedia ven-
triculi; 2 - M . intermedius cra-
n i a l i s ; 3 - M . infermedius cau-
dalis; 4 - M . laferalis dorsalis;
5 - &I. laferalis venfralis; 6 -
Pars ventralis ventriculi muscula-
r i s ; 7 - Pars dorsalis venfriculi
muscularis.
6 STOMACUL DE GAINA (SECTIUNE MEDIANA)
a - I'entriculus, pars glandularis; b - Glandulae propriae

mucosae; c - Pars intermedia oeniriculi; d - Ostium pylo-
ricum; e - Cuticula; f - Musculus lateralis; g - Ventricu-
lus, pars muscularis; h - Musculus intermedius; i - Sulcus
oentriculop yloricus.
STOMACUL LA CURCAN (SECTIUNE MEDIANA)

ESTOMAC DU DINDON (SECTION MEDIANE)
205 6 STOMACH OF THE TURKEY (MBDL4N SECTION)
XEJIYHOIE KYPIXUbl (MEHKAJIbHbIn PA3PE8)
a - Ventriculus, pars glandularis ; b -

Ventriculus, pars muscularis ; c - Duo-
denum ;1 - Glandulae propriae mucosae :
2 - Pars intermedia oentriculi; 3 - Cu-
ticula ; 4 - Ostium pyloricum ; 5 - M.
intermedius caudalis ; 6 - M . lateralis ;
7- Sulcus ventriculopyloricus.
+ STOMACUL $I INTESTINUL LA GAINA
+ ESTOMAC ET INTESTINS DE LA POULE
206 + STOMACH AND mTEsTINE OF THE HEN
+ XCEJIYp[OK H JXHIlIE~HHICKYPHIIbI
1 - Ventriculus, pars glandularis; 2 - Ventriculus, pars mus- 11 - Vagina; 12 - Ductus hepafoentericus; 12'- Ductus cysfi-
cularis; 3 - Duodenum, pars descendens; 4 - Duodenum, pars coentericus; 13 - Ductus pancreaticus ventralis; 14 - Ureter;
ascendens; 5 - Jejunum; 6 - Diverticulum cecum vitelli 15 - Pancreas, pars dorsalis; 16 - Pancreas, pars ventralis;
-
(Meckeli) ;7 - Ileum ;8 - Cecum ;9 - Colon ;10 Cloaca ; 17 - A. celiaca; 1 8 - Lien.
+ VISCERELE ABDOMINALE LA GAINA
+ VISCERES ABDOMINAUX DE LA POULE
207 + ABDOMINAL VISCERA OF THE HEN
+ BHYTPEHHIIE OPrAHbI GPH)IIIHO$4 IIOJIOCTH IEYPHubI
a - Venfriculus, pars glalldularis; b - Venfriculus, pars n a l i s ; 4 - A. gastrica superior; 5 - R a m i ilcocecales; 6 -

muscularis; c - Hepar ; d - L i e n ;e - Pancreas; f - Duo- R a m i pancreaticoduodenales; 7 - R a m i gastrici dextres; 8 -
d e n u m ; g - C e c u m ; h - I l e u m ; i - J e j u n u m ; j - Colon; T r u n c u s jejunalis; 9 - R a m i jejzmales; 10 - A. mesenterica
1 - Cloaca ; m - Ouarium; n - Ouiductus; 1 - A. celiaca; caudalis.
2 - A. mesenferica cranialis; 3 - A. gastropancreaticoduode-
+ STOMACUL, DUODENUL 51 GLANDELE ANEXE LA GAINA
+ ESTOMAC, DUODENUM ET GLANDES ANNEXES DE LA POULE
20s + STOMACH, DUODENUM AND ADNEX GLANDS OF THE HEN
+JXCEJIYAOIL ABEHAAUATHIIEPCTHASI KHIIIKA 1%IIPIlJIESAH)mHE X E J I E 3 b I IEYPIlllbI
1 - Ventriculus, pars glandularis ; 1' - Pars

intermedia uentriculi; 2 - Ventriculus, pars
muscularis ;3 - Lobus sinister hepatis ;4 - Lo-
bus dexter I~epatis;5 - Vesica fellea ;6 - Duo-
denum, pars descendens ; 7 - Duodenum, pars
ascendens ;8 - Pancreas, pars dorsalis ;9 - Je-
junum ;10 - Ductus eysticoentericus ;11 - Duc
tus hepatoentericus ; 12, 13 - Ductus pancrea-
f icus.
STOMACUL, DUODENUL $1 GLWNDELE ANEXE L A GAINA

(IN RAPORTURI TOPOGRAFICE NATURALE)
ESTOMAC, DUODENUM ET GLANDES ANNEXES DE LA POULE
(EN RAPPORTS TOPOGRAPHIQUES NATURELS)
STOMACH, DUODENUM AND ADNEX GLANDS IN THE HEN
(IN NATURAL TOPOGRAPHIC CONNECTIONS)
XCEJIYAOIE, ABEHAAIXATHIIEPCTHASI KHmIEA H IIPHJIESA-
IOWHE XEJIE361 IEYPHIIbI ( B ECTECTBEHHOm TOIIOSPA-
@H9ECICOa CBSISH)
a - Ventriculus, pars glandularis; b - \'entriculus, pars

muscularis; c - Pancreas, pars dorsalis; c' - Pancreas,
pars ventralis; d - Duodenum, pars descendens ;d' - Duode-
n u m , pars ascendens; e - Hepar, lobus dcxter ; f - Jeju-
n u m ; g - L i e n ; 1 - A. celiaea; 2 - A. gastrica dorsalis;
3 - A. gasfropancrerrticoduodenalis; 4 - Ductus cysticoen-
tericus; 5 - Ductus hepatoentericus.
STOMACUL, DUODENUL SI GLANDELE ANEXE LA GISCA CARUNCULATA
ESTOMAC, DUODENUM ET GLANDES ANNEXES DE L'OIE CHINOISE
21° STOMACH, DUODENUM AND ADNEX GLANDS OF THE CHXNESE GOOSE
+ XEJIYAOIC, ABEHAHUATHIIEPCTHASI ICHIUICA H IIPHJIEI'AI04HE XCEJIE3bI XHTACiCXOI'O FYCSI
1 - Ventrtculus, pars glandularis; 2 - Ventriculus, pars 9 - Pancreas, pars uentralis; 10 - Ductus cysticoentericus;
muscularis; 3 - Lobus sinister hepatis; 4 - Lobus dexter 11 - Ductus hepatoentericus; 12 - Ductus pancreaticus dor-
hepatis; 5 - Vesica fellea ;6 - Duodenum, pars descendens; salis; 13 - Ducius pancreaticus ventralis.
7 - Duodenum, pars ascendens; 8 - Pancreas, pars dorsalis;
+ FICATUL DE GAINA .
+ FOlE DE LA POULE
211 + L r n O F T r n rnN
+ IIE¶EHb EEYPHUbI
A - Facies visceralis; B - Facies parietalis. Impressio cardiaca; 7 - Vesica fellea; 8 - V . cava caudalis;
1 - Lobus sinister; 1' - Pars lateralis lobi sinistri; 2 - Lo- 9 - Ductus hepatoentericus ; 10 - Ductus cysticoentericus ;
bus dexter; 3 - Processus intermedius lobi dextri; 4 - Pro- 11 - A. hepatica dextra; 12- 1'. portae dextra; 13 - V . por-
eessus intermedius [obi sinistri; 5 - Incisura caudalis; 6 - tae sinistra; 14 - A. hepatica sinistra; 15 - Vu. hepaiicae.
+ FICATUL DE GfSCA (E'ACIES P A R I E T A L I S )
212 + FOIE DE L'OIE
LIVER OF THE GOOSE
+ IlE'XEHb FYCSI
1 -Lobus dexter; 2 -- L o b ~ t ss i n i s t e r ; 3 - Impressio car-
dincrr; 4 - Incisclm cnritlcrlis: 5 - V . cccila caudalis; 6 -
\'I!. hepat iccre.
213
++ FOIE
FICATUL DE GISCA
DE L'OIE
(FACIES V I S C E R A L I S ) 70
LIVER OF THE GOOSE
+ IIEYEHh FYCSI
1 - Lobus sinlsfer; 2 - Lobus dexter.; 3 - Processus

intermedius lobi sinistri; 4 - Proccssus intermedius lobi
dextri ; 5 - Vesica fellea ; 6 - Ductus cysticoentericus ;
7 - Ductus hepatoentericus; 8 - A. hepatica dextra;
9 - V. portae dextra; 10 - 1'. portae sinistra; 11 - A.
llepatica s i n i s t m ; 12 - V . cava caudalis; 13 - Incisura
caiidalis; 14 - 1'. un~bilicalis(obliteratg) ; 15 - Impressio
gaslrica.
214
..
TOPOGRAFIA ORGANELOR TORACO-ABDOMINALE L A G A I N h ( F A C I E S D E X T E A )
TOPOGRAPHIE DES ORGANES THORACO-ABDOMINAUX DE LA POULE
TOPOGRAPHY OF THE THORACO-ABDOMINAL VISCERA IN THE HEN
TOIIOrPAcDEISI 1'PY~OBPH)IIIHbIX OPl'AHOR MYPHUbI
1 - Trachea; 2 - Esophagus ; 3 - V . jugularis dextra;

4 - Ingluvies ; 5 - Cor ; 6 - Pulmo dexter ; 7 - Hepar,
lobus dexter ; 8 - Vesica fellea; 9 - Duodenum; 10 - Ce-
c u m ; 11 - Pancreas; 12 - J e j u n u m ; 1 3 - Ren d e x f e r ;
14 - Oviductus d e x f e r ; 15 - A n u s ; 16 - G!undula uropygii;
17 - M . compressor ingluvialis.
215 .
TOPOGRAFIA ORGANELOR TORACO-ABDOMINALE LA GAINA (FACIES S I N I S T R A )
TOPOGRAPHIE DES ORGANES THORACO-ABDOMINAUX DE LA POULE
TOPOGRAPHY OF THE THORACO-ABDOMINAL VISCERA IN THE HEN
TOIIOI'PA@HSI I ' P Y ~ O E P I O ~ H b I X
OPFAHOB ICYPHUbI
1 - Esophagus ; 2 - Trachea ; 3 - Ingluvies; 4 - Pulmo

sinister; 5 - Ventriculus, pars glandularis; 6 - Veniriculus,
pars muscularis ; 7 - Hepar, lobus sinister; 8 - Duodenum;
9 - Jejunum ; 10 - Cecum; 11 - Ren sinister; 12 - Oua-
r i u m ; 13 - Oviductus; 14 - M. recius capitis ventralis;
15 - M . complexus ;16 - M. rectus capitis lateralis; 17 - M .
sternotrachealis; 18 - M . compressor ingluvialis; 19 - M . le-
vator caudae; 20 - Glandula uropygii; 21 - M . depressor
caudae; 22 - M . caudalis lateralis; 23 - M . depressor rec-
tricum.
+ TOPOGRAFIA ORGANELOR TORACO-ABDOMINALE LA G A l N A (FACIES V E N T R A L I S )
+ TOPOGRAPHIE DES ORGANES THORACO-ABDOMINAUX DE LA POULE
216 + T o P o G R A P H Y OF THE THORACO-ABDOMINA~.VISCERA IN THE HEN
TOlTOl'P.\~DllSI 1'P8~~01;PIOIII11MX
O Y l l A H O B IiYPkfI~M
1 - I~tgluoies; 2 - E s o p l t n g ~ ~3 s ; - Peri- ticoucrlel?rctli.s ; 13 - S . !r.i!lus ; 1-1 - V.

cnrdicim; 4 - Lobus tlexter lt?pntis: 5 - jugularis sirzisl:.a ; 15 - 11. sttr~~tolraclt~alis
;
I.obus sinister Repatis; 6 - I'rntr~iculos,pars 16 - Pullno; 17 - Truncus pulmonnlis ;
n ~ u s c u l u r i s ;7 - Duotfen~rriz;8 - .Je,junum; IS - Aorta dc~srendens; 1 9 - 'I'runccls brtr-
9 - Pancreas; 10 - T r a c l ~ ~;c t11 - G I . Ih!1- c/rioc!~/~l~trlicirssirtislcr; 20
- AIIIIS.
roidra rt ~~artrthyroidea ; 1% - 'I'runcris m r o -
** TOPOGRAFIA ORGANELOR TORACO-ABDOIWINALE LA RAT01 ( F A C I E S D E X T R A )
*+ TOPOGRAPHIE DES ORGANES THORACO-ABDOMINAUX D U CANARD

TOPOGRAPHY OF THE THORACO-ABDOMINAL VISCERA IN THE DRAKE
TOJIOPPA@HSI rPY~~OBPIOIIIHLIX
OPI'AHOB CEJIEaHSI
1 - Trachea; 2 - Bulla tympaniformis (tambur) ; 3 - Eso-

phagus ;4 - Cor ; 5 - P u l m o dexter ;6 - H e p a r , lobus dex-
ter; 7 - V. cava cranialis d e x f r a ; 8 - V. subclavia dextra ;
9 - V. jugularis d e x t r a ; 10 - A. subclavia d e x f r a ; 11 - V.
cava caudalis ; 12 - Testis dexter ; 1 3 - Ventriculus, pars
muscularis; 14 - Duodenum, pars descendens; 15 - Duo-
denum, pars ascendens; 16 - Pancreas; 17 - J e j u n u m ;
18 - Colon; 19 - Cloaca; 20 - P l e x u s bracl~ialis; a -
S t e r n u m ; b - 0 s coracoides; c - S c a p u l a ; d - Clavicula.
218
.
*,TOPOGRAFIA ORGANELOR TORACO-ABDOMINALE LA RATA ( F A C I E S S I N I S T R A )
TOPOGRAPHIE DES ORGANES THORACO-ABDOMINAUX DE LA CANE
TOPOGRAPHY OF THE THORACO-ABDOMINAL VISCERA IN THE DUCK
+ TOIIOl'PA@IISI I'PYA0BPH)IIIHbIX OPl'AIIOB YTECH
1 - Trachea ; 2 - Bronchus principalis sinister ; 3 - Eso-

phayus; 4 Cor ;5 - I'ulmo sinister; 6 - Hepar, lobus sinis-
ter; 7 - V . subclauia sinistru; 8 -- A. subclauia sinistra ;
9 - V . jugularis sinislra ; 10 - Ventriculus, pars muscularis ;
11 - Venlriculus, pars glandularis; 12 - Duodenum, pal,s
ascendcns ;1 3 - Duodenum, pars descendens ;14 - Jejunum ;
15 - Colon; 1 6 - Ovariuln ; 17 - Ouiduct~ls; 18 - Ren
sinister; 19 - Plexus brachialis; a - Sternum; 11 - 0 s
coracoides; c - Scapula; d - Clauicula.
219
4
4
. TOPOGRAFIA ORGANELOR TORACO-ABDOMINALE LA RATA ( F A C I E S V E N T R A L I S )
TOPOGRAPHIE DES ORGANES THORACO-ABDOMINAUX DE LA CANE
TOPOGRAPHY OF THE THORACO-ABDOMINAL VISCERA IN THE DUCK
TOIIOrPAORJI 1'PY~OBPH)IIIHblXOPI'AHOl5 YTIEM
1 - Cor ; 2 - Lobus dexler hepalis; 3 - cipalis sinister ; 12 - Trunc~zs brachioce-

Lobus sinister hepalis; 4 - Ventriculus, pars plialieus sinister ;13 - Truncus caroticouer-
muscularis; 5 - Peritoneum; 6 - Pnn- tebralis; 14 - A . pulmonalis; 15 - Pubno
creas ; 7 - Duodenum; 8 - J e j u n u n ~ ; 9 - sinister; 16 - Pericardiurn; 17 - I.iganlr~i-
Vngino ; 10 - Cloaca : 1 1 - Bronclizls prin- t n m fitlci/brme; 18 - Anus.
TOPOGRAFIA ORGANELOR TORACO-ABDOMINALE L A GISCA (FACIES V E N T R A L I S )
+ TOPOGRAPHIE DES ORGANES THORACO-ABDOMINAUX DE L'OIE
220 TOPOGRAPHY OF THE THORACO-ABDOMINAL VISCERA IN THE GOOSE
TOIIOI'l'.I@I1R I'PY,f06PH)ILIHbIX OPI'dHOB I'YCSI
Truclica; 15 - Aorta dcsccrtdcns; 16 -

1 - Cor; 2 - . ,
Lobus sinister hlepatis; 4 - Ventriculus, pars
-/. Truncus brachiocephalicus dexfer ; 17 - A.
pulmonalis sinistra; 1 8 - V . cava cranialis
glandularis; 5 - Ventriculus, pars muscu- sinistra ; 1 9 - Truncus caroticovertebralis ;
laris; 6 - Eso,ohagus; 7 - Duodenum, pars 19' - A. carotis communis; 20 - 17. jugu-
descendens; 8 -- Duodenum, pars ascendens ; laris dextra ;21 - GI. thyroidea el parathyroi-
9 - Pancreas; 1 0 - Cecum; 11 - Colon ; dea; 22 - M. sternotrachealis; 23 - Clavi-
12 - Oviductus ;13 - Pulmo sinister; 1 4 - cula; 24 - 0 s coracoides.
APARATUL RESPIRATOR
APPAREJL RESPJ RATOIRE
RESPl RATORY SYSTEM
OPrAH b1 blXAH MA
4 CAVITATEA NAZALA LA CURCAN (SECTIUNE MEDIANA)
4 FOSSE NASALE DU DINDON (COUPE MEDIANE)
QQ1 4 NASAL CAVITY OF TURKEY (MEDIAN SECTION)
4 IIOCOBAJI IIO;IOCTL IlIIAEaIElI (MEZHA.rIbHhIn P t i 3 P E 3 )
1 - Concha nasalis dorsalis; 2 - Conclfa nctsalis uentrulis;

3 - Cartilaj de acoperire; 4 - S e p t u m interorbifale; 5 -
Choana; 6 -- Telencephalon; 7 - Cercbellurn; S - Aledulla
oblongata; 9 - Aledr~llaspinalis.
4 CAVITATEA NAZALA LA CURCAN (SECTIUNE TRANSVERSALA)

4 FOSSE NASALE DU DINDON (COUPE TRANSVERSALE)
222 4 NASAL CAVITY OF TURKEY (TRANSVERSAL SECTION)
4 HOCOBAsI IIOJIOCTb IIHJ1I:HKEI ( I I O I I E P E ~ I I ~PA3PE:I)
~I~~
A - Treimea posterioar8; 13 - Trcimea ~nijlocie;C - Treimca anterioarz.

1 - Concha nasalis dorsctlis; 2 - Concl~a nasalis urntmlis ; 3 - Cartilaj
de acoperire ; 4 - S i n u s infiaorbilalis ;5 - 0 s nasale ; (i - S e p t u m nasi ;
7 - Vonomer ; 8-06 lacrimale; 9 - 0 s jczgale ; 10- 0 s palafinurn; 11 -
Ductus nasolacrin~alis; 12 - Gll. palatinae ;13 - GI. nasalis ;14 - Proces-
sus maxillaris.
223
.. CAVITATEA NAZALA $I CAVITATEA BUCO-FARINGIANA LA RATA (SECTIUNE MEDIANA)
FOSSE NASALE ET CAVITE BUCO-PHARYNGIENNE DU CANARD (COUPE MEDIANE)
NASAL AND BUCCO-PHARYNGEAL CAVITIES OF THE DUCK (MEDIAN SECTION)
6 HOCOBAII 110-IOCTL EI POTOr2IOTIZ.i XTIXII ( M E , ~ 1 I ; I J I L l l b lPA.IPE.I)
~
1 -- Concha nasalis dorsalis; 2 - Conchcl nastrlis uenlrn-

lis ; 3 - Cartilaj de acoperire ; 4 - S i n u s fronloc~lhn~oi-
dalis; 5 - S e p t u m interorbitale; 6 - A p e x linguae; 7 -
Basihyoideum; 8 - C a v u m faryngis; 8 - Trachea; 10 -
Papillae pharyngis; 11 - Esophagus ; 12 - Telencepha-
l o n ; 13 - Cerebellum; 14 - Medulla spinalis; 15 - Jle-
dulla oblongatn.
224
.. CAVITATEA NAZALA LA G ~ S C ACARUNCULATA (SECTIUNE MEDIANA)
FOSSE NASALE DE L'OIE CHINOISE (COUPE MEDIANE)
NASAL CAVITY OF THE CHINESE GOOSE (MEDIAN SECTION)
IIOCOBASI IIOJIOCTb ICHTAmCKOI'O FYCJI (MEAkIAJILHlrIn PA3PE3)
1 - Concha nasalis dorsalis; 2 - Conclta nasalis uentra-

l i s ; 3 - Cartilaj cle acoperire; 4 - S i n u s frontalis; 5 -
S i n u s frontoethnloidalis; 6 - S e p t u m interorbitale; 7 -
Pa pillae pltaryngis ; 8 - Telencephalon ; 8 - Cerebeflrml ;
10 - JIed!:lla oblongata.
+ CARTILAJELE LARINGELUI CRANIAL LA GAINA
+ CARTILAGES DU LARYNX CRANIAL DE LA POULE 4
225 + CARTILAGES OF CRANIAL LARYNX IN THE HEN
+ XPaIUU KPdHHAJIbHOn I'OPTAHEI KYPHUbI
A - Facies laternlis; B - Facies dorsalis ; C - Facies ucn- 3
tralis.
1 - Cartilayo ihyroidca; '2 - Cartilago cricoidca; 3 - C o r l i -
layo arytenoidea; 4 - Cartilago procricoidea; 5 - Tracl~ec~. 4
5 5
A 8 C
+ CARTILAJELE LARINGELUI CRA-

NIAL LA CURCAN
+ CARTILAGES DU LARINX CRANIAL
DU DINDON
226 + CARTILAGES OF CRANIAL LARYNX .
IN THE TURKEY
+ XPsIlQU MPAHHAJlbHOn I'OPTAHH
liHAEBKH
A - Facies latercrlis; B - Fucics dorsnlis ;

C - Facies ucntralis.
1 - Cartilago thyroidea; 2 - Cartilago cri-
coidea ;3 - Cartilago arytenoidea (3' - pars
dorsalis ;3" - pars caudalis) ;4 - Cartilago
procricoidea ; 5 - Pons transversalis carti-
laginis cricoidei; 6 - Trachea.
169
MUSCULATURA LARINGELUI CRANIAL LA CURCAN
+ MUSCLES DU LARYNX CRANIAL DU DINDON
22q + MUSCLES OF CRANIAL LARYNX IN THE TURKEY
+ MYCIEYJIATYPA KPAHEZAJIbHOn FOPTAHIl EIHAEnliIZ
1 - Carfilago thyroidea; 2 - Cartilagincs arytenoideae; 3 -

Cartilago cricoidea; 4 - Pons fransuersalis cartilaginis cricoi-
d e i ; 5 - M . cricoarytenoideus superficialis; 6 - hl. crico-
arytenoideus profundus ; 7 - M . interarytenoideus :8 - A d y -
t u s laryngis; 9 - Trachea.
2Q9
.4 MUSCULATURA TRAHEEJ LA CURCAN (dup5 Cura, tez5 1972)
MUSCLES DE LA TRACHEE DU DINDON
MUSCLES OF TRACHEA IN THE TURKEY
+ MYCIEYJIATYPA T P A X E I Z J H H ~ ~ E I ~ K I Z
1 - Cartilago thyroidea; 2 - Cartilago aryfenoidea; 3 - Carti-
lago cricoidea ; 4 - ill. sfernolaryngeus sinister; 5 - Fascia
cervicalis pretrachealis; 6 - M . trachealis; 7 - M . sterno-
irachealis; 8 - Bronchus principalis; 9 - Sternum;
10 - Trachea.
228
.
+ MUSCULATURA TRAHEEI LA GAINA (dup5 Cura, tez5 1972)
MUSCLES DE LA TRACHEE DE LA POULE
MUSCLES OF TRACHEA IN THE TURKEY
MYCIEYJIATYPA TPAXEkI ICYPHQbI
1 - Cartilayo thyroideu el cricoidea; 2 - M . sternolaryngeus

dexter ;3 - M . siernolaryngeus sinister ;4 - Corpul muychilor
sternolaringieni ; 5 - M . trachealis; 6 - M . siernotrachealis;
7 - Bronchus principalis; 8 - 0 s coracoides; 9 - Sternum.
+ MUSCULATURA TRAHEEI LA GISCA (dupg 'C'ura, tez3 1972)
+ MUSCLES DE LA TRACHEE DE L'OIE
230 + M u s c ~ OF ~ s TRACHEA IN THE GOOSE
+ ~ C I E Y J Z A T Y P TPAXEH
A rycn
1 - Cartilayo thyroidea ; 2 - Cartilago cricoidca; 3 - 111.

stcrnolaryngeus; 4 - M . trachealis; 5 - AZ. sternofraclrealis;
6 - Membrana coracoclauicularis ; 7 - Clauicula ;8 - Ster-
num; 9 - Trachea; 10 - Aponeurosis m . trachealis; 11 -
0 s coracoides.
+ RIZTSCULATURA TRAHEII LA RATOI (dupg Cum, tez3 1972)

+ MUSCLES DE LA TRACHEE DU CANARD
231 + MUSCLES OF TRACHEA IN THE DRAKE
+ WOIEYJIATYPA TPAXEH CEJIE31ISI
1 - Cartilago thyroidea et cricoidea; 2 - hl. sternolaryn-

geus; 3 - M . irachealis; 4 - M . sternotrachealrs; 5 - Tra-
chea; 6 - Membrana coracoclauicularis; 7 - Clauicula; 8 -
0 s coracoides; 9 - Bulla tympaniformis; 10 - Bronchus
principalis; 1 1 - Sternum.
4 LAR~NGELEC A U ~ A LLA GAINA (dups Cura, tezri 1971)
+ LARYNX CAUDAL DE LA POULE
232 + CAUDAL LARYNX OF THE HEN
+ liA3',~A;IhliAsl I1OPTAH6 ICYPMULI
A - Faeies dorsalis; B - Facies ven-

fralis.
1 - Cartilagines frachealcs; 2 - Tynll a -
rulm; 2' - Carlilagines fgn~pani; 3 -
Pessulus; 4 - Membrana tympanifirmis
ezferna; 5 - Rare siringiale ; 6 - Primul
serniinel bronv'c ; 7 - Se niinele bron-
vice : 8 - Bronchiid(~snzrls; 9 - I~or'a~n(,r~
interbronchiale.
+ PESSULUS-UL LA GAINA - FACIES CAUDALIS

(dup5 Cura, tez& 1972)
233 + PESSULUS DE LA POULE
+ PESSULUS OF THE HEN
+ PESSULUS IEYPEIUM
1 - Pessulus ; 2 - Prima pereche de semiinele bronvice ;
3 - Juncturae synouiales.
234 .
6 LARINGELE: CAUDAL LA CURCA
LARINX CAUDAL DE LA DINDE
CAUDAL LARYNX OF THE TURKEY HEN
-
FACIES D O R S A L I S
KAYJAJIbHASL I'OPTAHb EIHHEBICH-CAMICEI

(clup5 Cura, tez5 1972)
1 - Trjmpanum (ultimele doud inele tralleale consolidate) ;

2 - Piesa tin~pano-brongicgdorsal5 ; 3 - Pessulus; 4 , 5 , 6 -
Primele trei semiineluhron$ice ; 7 - Membrona tympaniformis
inierna ; 8 - Foramen inferbronchiale ; 9 - Bronchiidesmus.
.. LARINGELE CAUDAL LA cURCA

(dupil Cura, tezEc 1972)
LARYNX CAUDAL DE LA DINDE
CAUDAL LARYNX OF THE TURKEY HEN
- FACIES V E N T R A L I S
+ IEAYAAJI~HA T ~O P T A H ~EIHAEBICH-CAMKII
1 - Cartilagines iraeheales; 2 - Lig. anulare (tracheale);

3 - Tympanum; 4 - Membrana tympaniformis exierna;
5 - Piesele timpano-bron~ice ventrale ; 6 , 7, 8 - Semiinele
bronvice ; 9 - Foramen inierbronehiale ;10 - Bronchiidesmus.
LARINGELE CAUDAL LA CURCA- F A C I E S LATERAL.?S
(dup2 Cura, tezH 1972)
236 + LARYNX CAUDAL DE LA DINDE
+ CAUDAL LARYNX OF THE TURKEY HEN
+ IEAYAAJIbHAa FOPTAHb HHAEHKH-CAMKH
1 - Cartilagines traclteales ;2- Lig. snnlare (traclieale) ;

:I - l ' y m p u n u m ; 4 - ~\lembrana interanularis ; 5 -
Piesa iimpano-bron$ic2 dolsal2 ; 6 - Piesa timpano-
bron$ic2 ventral2 ; 7 - Membrana t y m p a n i f o r ~ n i s
externa ; 8, 9 , 10 - Semiinele bron~ice.
+ LARINGELE CAUDAL LA GISCAN- FACIES DORSALIS

(dups Cura, tezH 1972)
237 ++ LARYNX CAUDAL DU JARS
CAUDAL LARYNX OF THE GANDER
+ IEAYAAJIbHASI I'OPTAHb I'YCSI-CAMUA
1 - Cartilagines tracheales; 2 - Pilon osos dorsal; 3, 4 -

T y m p a n u m (3 - pars traehealis; 4 - pars branchialis); 3 -
Pessulus; 6 - Membrana tympaniformis interna; 7 - Semi-
inel brongic ;8 - Foramen interbronchiale ; 9 - Bronchiides-
m u s ; 10 - Piesele timpano-bronvice dorsale.
238
.
+ LARINGELE CAUDAL L A GISCA - FACIES V E N T R A L I S
LARYNX CAUDAL DE L'OIE
CAUDAL LARYNX OF THE GOOSE
+ I~AYIIAJ~LBHAJI
I'OP'l'AHL I'YCH-('AMliH
(dupB 'ura, tezB 1972)
1 - Cartilagines fraclreales; 2 - Tympanum (2' - pars

tmchealis; 2" - pars bronchialis) ; 3 - Pessulus ; 4 -
Membrana tympanifcrmis interna ;5 - Sen~iinelebrongice ;
6 - Foramen interbronchiale; 7 - Bronchiidesmus.
239
.
+ LARINGELE CAUDAL L A GISCA - FACIES L A T E R A L I S
LARYNX CAUDAL D E L'OIE
CAUDAL LARYNX OF THE GOOSE
+ IEAYHA.JIbHASI I'OPTAIIb I'YCJI- CAMKH
(dup8 Cura, tezS 1972)
1 - Tyn~panuln ( 2 - pars ira-

chealis; 2 ' - pars bronchialis);
3 - Pilon osos ; 4 - Piesa tirn-
pano-bron~ic5 dorsal5 ; 5 - Piesa
timpano-bron~ic5 ventral5 ; 6 -
Membrana tympaniformis cxfernn ;
7 - Primul semiinel broilsic ; 8 -
240
..
+
LARINGELE CAUDAL LA RATA - FACIES LATERALIS
LARYNXCAUDALDELACANE
CAUDAL LARYNX OF THE DUCK
ICAYHAJIblIAfi I'OPTAIIL 3'TIiM
(ciup5 C u r a , tezii 1972)
1 - Cartilagincs tracheales; 2 - T y m p a -
num ; 3 - Men~brana tympaniformis exfer-
n a ; 4 - Prinlul semiinel bronyic.
241
..
*
LARlNGELE CAUDAL LA RAT01
LARYNX CAUDAL DU CANARD
CAUDAL LARYNX OF THE DRAKE
KAYJAJILHUI l'OPTdII6 CE;IE3HSI
-
FACIES DORSALIS
'
( d u p 5 'Cura, t e z 5 1972)
1 - S e p f ~ u n trachealis; 2 - P a r s frachcalis t y m p a n i ;
3 - Bulla lympaniformis (tambur) ; 4 - Pars hronchiolis
tgnlpnni; 5 - Fisurii in t a m b r ~ r .
+ PULMONII LA CURCAN
POUMONS D U DINDON
242 + ~ N G or
S THE TURKEY
+ JI~I'IEHEEiHAEmICH
1 - Trnrhea; 2 - I.ar!lnx roudulis ( S y r i n x ) ; 3 - Rron-

rhus ~ ~ r i n c i [ j u ldexler;
is 4 - I'ulrno sinisler (/hciczs costa-
l i s ) ;5 - 118ctrgo dorsalis ; G - Incisurac costales; 7 - Ji.
fracltealis.
+ PULMONUL DREPT LA GAINA (dup5 Schummer, 1973)

POUMON DROIT DE LA POULE
243 + RIGHT LUNG OF THE HEN
9 IIPABOE JIEFEOE ,ICYPHUbI
A - Bronchus principalis; B - A. ef v. pulmonalis;

1 - Ostium sacci clavicularis; 1' - Saccobronchi sacci
clavicularis; 2 - Ostium sacci cervicalis; 3 - O s f i u m
sacci thoracalis cranialis; 3' - Saccobronchi sacci iho-
racalis cranialis; 3" - Canal de leggturii iiltre sacul
clavicular $i sacul toracal cranial ; 4 - Ostium ef sacco-
branchus sacci ihoracalis caudalis; 5 - Ostium ct srtcco-
bronchus sacci abdominalis.
+ SACII AERIENI LA GAINA (DUPA PREPARAT COROZIONAT)
SACS AERIENS DE LA POULE (APRES UNE PIECE DE CORROSION)
244 + AIR SACS OF THE HEN (AFTER A CORROSION PREPARATION)
+ BO3JYXOHOCHME MEIIIEH ( n o IcOPPO3HmHOMv IIPEIIAPATY)
1 - Pulmo dexter; 1' - Incisurae co$fales; 2 - Sacci c e ~ u i - cales caudales; 6 - Sacci abdominales; 6' - Diuerticnlu gas-
cales; 2' - Ductus intertransuersarius ; 2" - Diuerficulun7 t r i c ~ ; 6" - Dioerticula acetabularia; u'" - I~ir~erticul~zm
supramedullare; 3 - Sacc~zs clauicularis ; 3' - Diuerticulurn iliolumbale; 7 - Humerus; 8 - Foramen pneumaticum; 9 -
rrxillare ; 3" - Diverticulum subcordale; 3"' - Diuerticulum Trachea.
I~u~nernle; 4 - Snccus tl~oracaliscranialis; 5 - Sacci Ihora-
APARATUL UROGENITAL
APPARElL UROGENITAL
UROGENITAL SYSTEM
MOqEnOJlOBblE OPrAH bl
+ APARATUL URINAR LA GAINA
+ APPAREIL URINAIRE DE LA POULE
245 + URINARY APPARATUS THE HEN
+ OPl'AHbI MOYEOTAEJIEIIEISI KYPIII[bI
a - GI. suprarenalis; b - Ren dexter, lobus cranialis; c - eaudalis ; 5 - V . renalis reuehens ; 6 - V . renalis advehens ;
Ren dexler, lobus ~nedius;d - Ren dexter, lobus caudalis; 7 - A . v . iliaea eaterna; 8 - A.u. isehiadiea; 9 - A.v. pel-
e - Urpter dexter ; f - Cloaca ; g - Vagina ; h - 1LI. obtu- . uina; 10 - \'. eoeeygiomensenterica ; 11 - A.u. pudenda;
ratorius internus ;i - Bursa Fabrieii ; 1 - Aorta descendens ; 12 - A. saeralis mediana; 13 - I?. obturatorius; 14 - A.
2 - A. eeliaea; 3 - A. mesenteriea cranialis; 4 - V . caua mesenterica caudalis.
+ APARATUL GENITAL LA COCO$
+ APPAREIL GENITAL DU COQ
246 + GENITAL APPARATUS OF THE COCK
+ IIOJIOBJdE~OPl'AHbI IIETYXA
1 - Testes ;2 - Ducti defcrentes ;3 - Mesorchium ;4 - Ren Diaphragma ; 12 - Aorta descendens ; 13 - A. ischiadica ;

sinister, lobus cranialis; 5 - Ren sinister, lobus mcdius; 14 - N. obturatorius; 15 - V. iliaca cxtcrna; 16 - A. ce-
6 - Ren sinister, lobus caudalis; 6' - GI. suprarenalis; 7 - liaca; 17 - A. mesentcrica cranialis; 18 - Pulmo ; 19 - 111.
Ureter; 8 - Cloaca; 9 - Trachea; 10 - Esophagus; 11 - obturatorius intcrnus; 20 - Anus.
242 A
.. PENISUL LA RAT01
PENIS DU CANARD
PENIS OF THE DRAKE
+ IIOZOBOm YJIEH CEJIE311JI
1 - Oslium d ~ l c t u s defcrenlis; 3 - Ostium ureleris;

3 - S u l c ~ z s spermaticus; 4 - Labia sulci spermatici;
5 - Ostium sulci sperrnntici; 6 - Paries cloacae.
247 B +
.. PENISUL LA GISCAN
PENIS DU JARS
PENIS OF THE GANDER
n o J I o B o m YJIEH FYCSI-CAMUA
1 - Ostium d u c f u s deferentis; 2 - Ostium ureteris;

3 - Sulcus spermaticus; 4 - Labia sulci sperma-
tici ; 5 - O s t i u m sulci spermatici ; 7 - Ostium
Bursae Fabricii; 8 - Proctodeum; 9 - U r o d e u m ;
10 - Coprodeum; 11 - Rectum; 12 - Ureter;
13 - M . sphincter a n i .
+ APARATUL GENITAL IMATUR DE GAINA
APPAREIL C ~ ~ ~ N I T IMMATURE
AL DE LA POULE
248 + IMBIATURE GENITAL APPAIZATUS OF THE HEN
+ IIEflOPAJBHTLIE IIOJIOBbIE OPI'AHLI IIYPHUbI
1 -- lien dexter, lobus cranialis; 2 - Ren dexter, lobus me- a - Trachca; b- Broncllus principalis dexter; c-Esophagus;
dius; 3 - Ren dezter, lobus caudalis; 4 - Ureter; 5 - Ova- d - Pulmo ;e - Colon ; f - 1'. caua caudalis ;g - V . iliaca
r f u n ~ ;6 - 9 - Oviductus; (6 - Znfundibulum; 6' - Ostium externa ; h - I-. renalis revellens ; h' - 1.. rcnalis aduehens ;
abdominale oviductus; 7 - Magnum; 8 - Isth~nus;9 - Ute- i - A . ischiadica; j - Ji. obluratorius internus; 1 - N .
r u s ) ; 10 - Mesouiductus; 1 1 - Cloaca; 12- Anus; obturalorius.
APARATUL GENITAL LA GAINA OUATOARE
+ APPAREIL GENITAL DE LA POULE PONDEUSE
249 + GENITAL APPARATUS OF THE LAYING HEN
+ IIOJIOBbIE OPI'iiHbI HECYWEBCSI RYPElUbI
1 , 2 - Folliculi ouaricl (in diverse stadii de evolutie); 3-6 -

Ouiduclus (3 - Znfundibulum; 4 - M a g n u m ; 5 - Islhnnts;
G - U f r r u s ); 7 - Anus ; 8 - Mesouiduclus ; a - Traehccc ;
b - Bronclnrs principalis dexter; c - Esophagus; ct - Pul-
mo ;e - Bursrc Fabricii ;f - Cloaca; g - Colon ; 11 - Dia-
phragmcc ; i- J I . obturatorius internus.
+ OVARUL $1 OVIDUCTUL DE GAINA

(dupB Schummer, 1973)
250 + OVAIRE ET OVIDUCTE DE LA POULE
+ OVARY AND OVIDUCT OF THE HEN
+ SIPI4HkIK H SIBUEIIPOBOA ICYPHUbI
a - Uuurium (cu foliculi ln diverse stadii dc cvolutic); b -
Infundibuluni; c - Portiunea tubulari a infundibulului, cu
o ovociti pe traiect; d - M a g n u m ; 1 - Folliculus ovaricus
(in stadiu matnr, cu stigma) ; 2 - Calices ovarii (in stadii
diierite de involutie); 3 - Oslium abdominale ouiductus;
4 - Lig. craniale infundibnli; 5 - Mesoviductus ucntralis;
6 - Mesooiductus dorsalis.
*+*
$ APARATUL GENITAL LA GAINA (modificat dupH Schroder, 1966)
APPAREIL GENITAL DE LA POULE
251 GENITAL APPARATUS OF THE HEN
11OJIOBbIE OPI'AHbI ICYPllqbI
1 - Ovarium (cu foliculi in diverse stadii de evolutie); 2 -

Infundibnlum ; 3 - M a g n u m ; 4 - IstRmus ; 5 - Uterus (cu
oul format pentru eupulzare) ; 6 - Vagina ; 7 - Ostium
cloacae oviductus; S - Caorzn~cloacae; 9 - Ostium uretcris;
1 0 .- Creterrs ; 1 1
- Colo~r: 12 - hfesouiductus.
252
*+ SCHEMA OULUI DE PASARE
COUPE DIAGRAMMATIQUE DE L'(EUF
DX POULE
+ DIAGRAM OF THE BIRD EGG
CTPOEHHE Sin4A IITIIQLI
a - Oolema (bilaminatg) ; b - Disc germinativ ; c - Late

b r a ; d - Vitclus galben ; e - Vitelus alb ; f - Salaze ;
g, h, i - Albumen (g, i - albumen fluid; 11 - albumen
viscos) ; k - Membrana cochiliarg (bilaminatg) ; 1 - Ca-
mera cu aer ; m - Cochilia.
ANGIOLOGIA
ANGlOLOGlE
ANGIOLOGY
AH TMOJlOTMII
+ SCHEMA SISTEMULUI CIRCULATOR SANGUIN LA PASARI (dup2 'Grau, 1943)
+ SCHEMA DU SISTEME CIRCULATOIRE SANGUIN DES OISEAUX
253 + DIAGJZAM OF THE BLOOD VASCULAR SYSTEM OF BIRDS
+ CXEBlA CMCTEMLI I i P O B 0 0 L ; P A ~ E I 1 I I HIITI.1II
A - Sisternu1 arterial ; B - S i s t e ~ n ~vcnos.

~l cranialis; 15 - A. mcscrltcrica caudalis; 16 - A. iliaca
a - GI. lhgroidea; b - Cor ; c - Hcpar ; (1 - R e n ; c - exlerna; 17 - A. ischiadica; 18 - A . rcnalis caudalis; 19 -
Ouarium; f - Intcslinum ;1 - A. carotis c o n ~ i n u t ~;
i s2 - A.o. A. spern~atica interna; 20 - A. renalis cranialis; 21 - .4.
uertebralis; 3 - A . comes n . uagi; 4 - A.v. subclauia; 5 - iliaca interna; 2 2 - A . sacralis mediana; 23 - Vena jugu-
A.u. sternoclavicz~laris;6 - A.u. axillnris; 7 - A.u. thoracica laris ;24 - V. cava cranialis dextra ;25 - V. caun caudalis ;
externa dorsalis; 8 - A . v . thoracica externa uentmlis; 9 - 20 - V. portae; 27 - V u . renales reuehentes; 28 - V u .
A.u. thoracica interna; 1 0 - Aorta; 11 - Aorta descendens; renalcs advehentes; 29 -- V . coccygeomescntericcc; 30 - 1'.
12 - A a . infercostales; 13 - A . celiaca; 14 - A. mesenterica iliaca intcrna; 31 - V . coccygea; 32 - V . iliaccc externa.
+ CORDUL LA GISCA
CCEUR D E L'OIE
254 HEART THE GOOSE
+ cerclqe rlscsr
A - Pacies auricu1aris'- 1 - Aorla; 2 - Aorta descendens; tra ; 5 - A . curotis communis dertra ; 6 - A. carotis com-
3 - A. brachiocephalica dexlra; 4 - A. brachioccpl~alicc~ m u n i s sinislru; 7 - A. pulmonalis; 8 - 1.. caoa cranialis
sinislra; 5 - A. carofis communis d e x f r a ; 6 - A. carofis dextra; 9 - V . cava caudalis; 10 - 1'. palmonalis dextra:
communis sinislra; 7 - A. pulmonalis; 8 - V . cava crnnialis 11 - V. pulmonalis sinistra; 12 - 1'. caoa cranialis sinislrn;
dextra; 9 - Sulcus coronarius (cu tesut ndipos) ; 10 -- 17entri- 13 - Pericardium; 14 - Atrirrrn s i n i s t r u m ; 15 - A t r i u m
culus d e x f e r ; 11 - Bentriculus sinister. d e x t r u m ; 16 - S u l c ~ t scorontrritzs (cu tcsut aciipos) : 17 -
B - Facies ulrialis - 1 - Aorta ; 2 - Aorlu 'ciesccnderrs ; I'cnlriculus sinisler ; IrS - l'cntrirulus drxler.
3 - -4. brcirhiopi~alicad e x f r n ; 4 - A. hracliiorephnlica sinis-
+ COXDUL LA GISCA, cu VENTRICULUL DREPT DESCHIS
+ CCEUR DE L'OIE, AVEC VENTRICULE DROIT OUVERT
255 + HEART OF THE GOOSE, WITH OPENED RIGHT VENTRICLE
+ CEPAQE C IIPABMM OTKP6ITbIM XCEJIYHOYKOM FYCR
1 - Aorta ; 2 - Aorta descendms :

3- A . bracl~iocephalica dextra ;4- A.
Dracl~iocephalica sinistra ; 5 - A a .
puln~onalessinistra et dextra ;5' - Os-
t i u m trunci pulmonalis; 6 - V . cava
cranialis dextra; 7 - A t r i u m dex-
/ r u m ; 8 - Ventricnlus dexter; 9 -
Scptuln inleruentriculare ; 10 - Valva
atriooentricularis dextra ; 11 - V e n -
triculus sinister; 12 - Valva frunci
pulmonalis; 13 - Trabeculae cameae.
CORDUL LA GfSCA CARUNCULATA, CU ATRIUL

$1 VENTRICULUL DREPT DESCHISE
CCEUR DE L'OIE CHINOISE, AVEC ATRIUM ET
VENTRICULE DROITS OUVERTS
256 + HEART OF THE C H I ~ ~ E SG
EO ~ S E ,WITH OPENED
RIGHT ATRIUM AND VENTRICLE
+ CEPAQE O IIPEACEPAHEM EI IIPAB6IR.I OTKPM-
T ~ I MXRJWAOWCOM I C H T A Z ~ C X O ryca
~O
1- A o r t a ; 2 - Aorta descendens ; 3 - A . brachiocephalica

d e x t r a ; 4 - A . brachiocephalica sinistra; 5 - Truncus pul-
nzonalis; 6 - Ostium v. cavae cranialis dcxtrae; 7 - O s t i u m
v. cavae caudalis; 8 - Ostium v . cavae cranialis sinistrae;
9 - Valoulae v . cavae caudalis; 10 - M m . pectinafi; 11 -
Trabecula carnea; 12 - A t r i u m d e x t r u m ; 13 - V a l v a atrio-
ventricularis dextra ; 14 - Ostium atrioventricularc dextrum ;
15 - O s f i u m trunci pulmonalis; 16 - S e p t u m interventricu-
lare; 17 - Ventriculus dexter ; 18 - T'entriculus sinister.
6 VASELE SUPERFICIALE ALE CORDULUI LA COCO$
+ VAISSEAUX SUPERFICIELS DU CIEUR DU COQ
257 + SUPERFICIAL HEART VESSELS OF THE COCK
+ IIOBEPXIIOCTHbIE COCYAbI CEPAUA IIETYXA
A - Pacics nriricnlnris; B - Ffl-

cics nlrialis.
n - R a m u s superficialis a . c o ~ o -
nariae dextrae; b - R a m u s super-
ficialis a . coronariae sinisfrue ;
h' - R a m u s profundus a . corona-
riae sinisfrae; c - V . cordis me-
d i a ; c' - V u . cordis paruae; d -'
V. cordis rnagna; e - V . uentri-
culi dextri ;f - Aorta descendens;
g, h - A a . bruchiocephalicae, si-
n i s f r a c f d e x f r a ; i - Truncus
pulmonalis'; j - Auricula d e x f r a :
k - Auricula s i n i s f r a ; 1 - V. ca-
lla cranialis d e x t r a ; m - V. caua
caudalis; n - V . caua cranialis
s i n i s f r a ; o , p - V u . pulmonales,
dexfra ef sinistra.
+ VENELE SUPERFICIALE ALE CORDULUI LA

GAINA
+ VAISSEAUX SUPERFICIELS DU CIEUR
DE LA POULE
+ SUPERFICIAL HEART VEINS OF THE HEN
+ IIOBEPXHOCTHbIE BEHbI CEPHIIA XY-
PHUbI
A - Facies auricularis; B - Facies' alrialis.

c-d - V. cordis m a g n a ; e - V . uenfriculi
dextri ; c'- e' - T'u. cordis paruae.
+ VASELE SUPERFICIALE ALE CBRDULUI LA GISCA
259 + VAISSEAUX SUPERFICIELS D U C(EUR DE L'OIE
+ SUPERFICIAL HEART VESSELS OF THE GOOSE
+ IIOBEI'XHUCTIILIE IIUIII,I CEP,[I[.~ rycn
A - Facirs auricularis; f3 - 1:acies utrialis. f - Aorta descendens; g, 11 - .-la. brircliiorephnlicrc~. dcxlrtr

R - Rarnrls sr~perficialis a . coronariae dexlrce; 1) - Ramus el sinisira; i - l'runrus p111rnonalis; j - Auricriltr cl~~slrct ;
superf'icialis a . coronariae sinisfrae; b' - R a m u s profundus k - Arrricrllu sinislrcr ; i - 1'. corla cranialis dexlrrr ; tn -
n . coronnriae sinisfrae; c - V . cordis m e d i a ; c' - 1'0. cordis 1'. cnr)a ca~rdalis;n -- V . coo(~crnninlis sinislra.
parr~ae; d - 1'. rordis m a g n a ; c - V. uenlricrrli d e x t r i ;
+ BAZA MASEI VENTRICULARE LA CORDUL DE GAINA
+ BASE DES VENTRICULES DU CmUR DE LA POULE
260 + B A s E OF HEART VENTRICLES IN THE HEN
+ OCHOBAHHE X E J I Y A 0 9 I E A CEPAWA KYPEIQbI
n - A. coronaria d e x t r a ; a' - R a m u s profundus a . coro-

nariae dextrae; b - A. coronarin sinistra; b'- R a m u s super-
ficialis a . coronariae sinistrae; b" - Ramrrs profundus a .
coronariae sinistrue; c - V. cordis m e d i a ; d - V . cordis
rnagna; e - V . ventricr~lid e x t r i ; f - A t r i u m dexfrrun; $ -
Atrirrn~ sinistrum.
--
+ CORDUL CU ORIGINEA MARILOR VASE LA GAINA

+ CCEUR AVEC L'ORIGINE DES GRANDS VAISSEAUX DE LA POULE
261 + HEART WITH ORIGIN OF GREAT VES,SELS IN THE HEN
+ CEPAWE IGYPHQbI C OTSOJISIDJHMH OT HEI'O IiPYnHbIMH
cocsnanm
1 - Cor ; 2 - A t r i u m sinistrum ; 3 - A t r i u m d e x t r u m ;
4 - Aortu ; 5 - Sorta descendens; 6 - A. brachiocephalica
dextra; 7 - A. brachiocephalica sinistra; 8 - T r u n c u s
pulmonalis; 9 - A. carotis communis sinistra; 10 - V. cava
cranialis s i n i s f r a ; 11 - V . cava cranialis d e x t r a ; 12 - 1'.
jugularis sinistra; 13 - V . jugularis dextra; 14 - A a . T'v.
subclaviae sinistrae et dcxtrae; 15 - Trachea; 16 - M .
sternolaryngeus ; 17 - L a r y n x caudalis ;18 - Bronchus prin-
cipalis (dexter et sinisler) ; 19 - Gll. thgroidea et parathy-
roidea.
4 CORDUL CU ORIGINEA MARILOR VASE LA GAINA, IN RAPORTURI TOPOGRAFICE
NATURALE
8 CCEUR AVEC L'ORIGINE DES GRANDS VAISSEAUX DE L A POULE, EN RAPPORTS
TOPOGRAPHIQUES NATURELS
262 + HEART WITH ORIGIN OF GREAT VESSELS IN THE HEN, IN NATURAL TOPOGRA-
PHIC RELATIONS
+ I I I HI-:1'0 13PS'IIHblJIII COCSTJAIIII B BCTECTBEH-
C E P j l l I E KYPIIItLI C O T X O ~ ~ I I ~ I i L OT
H O n TOIIOl'PA@119E('KOn ('HR.ILI
1 - C o r ; 2 - Perieardium; 3 - A o r t a ; 4 - Aorta descen- 15 - N. vccgus sinister; 1G - Lig. falcifbrme; 17 - P l c z u s

dens; 5 - 8. brachiocephalica dcxtru; 6 - A . brachio- brachialis; 18 - Ingluvies; 19 - Fsophagus; 20 - ?\I. sfer-
cephalica sinisfra; 7 - T r u n c u s puln~onalis;8- 1.. cava cra- notracl~ealis;21 - A . curotis contmunis sinistra ;22 - Pulmo
nialis s i n i s f r a ; 9 - V. sublcavia sinistra; 10 - A . subclauia sinister; 23 - Trachea; 24 - Hcpirr, lobus dextcr : 25 - -4.
s i n i s f r a ; 11 - GI[. tltyroidea el parathyroidea; 12 - A . verte- comes n . vagi.
bralis; 1 3 - N . vaglcs d e z t r r ; 14 - V. jngnlrcris d c x t m ;
SISTEMUL CIRCULATOR ARTERIAL LA GAINA
+ SYSTEME CIRCULATOIRE ARTERIEL D E L A POULE
263 * ARTERIAL CIRCULATORY SYSTEM OF THE HEN
+ APTEPkILi.7LH;\$I CCmCTEMA IEPOBOOBPAIQEHEISI
KYPIII[bI
1 - A. facialis; 2 - A . palatina; 3 - A. sublingualis; 4 -

A. esophagea descendens; 5 - A. hyoidea; 6 - A. oecipitalis; .?(I
7 - A. carotis i n f e r n a ; 8 - A. comes n. uagi; 9 - A. uerte-
bralis; 10 - A. carotis communis ; 11 - A. acromialis;
12 - A. subclavia; 13 - A. sternoclauicularis; 14 - A . cla-
uicularis; 1 5 - A. sternalis; 16 - A . thoracica i n f e r n a ;
17 - A. thoracica externa; 18 - A. thoracica externa uen-
tralis; 1 9 - A . profunda brachii; 20 - A. circumflexa humeri
cranialis; 21 - A. brachialis; 22, 23 - R a m i musculares;
2.1 - A. u l n a r i s ; 25 - A. radialis; 26 - R a m u s digitalis a.
u l n a r i s ; 27 - A a . intercostales; 28 - A . circumflexa femo-
r i s ; 29 - A. femoralis; 30, 35 - A . ischiadica; 31 - ~ a n ~ i
musculares; 32 - A . peluina; 33 - A . profqnda femoris;
34 - A. nutricia ossis femoris; 36 - A . femoris caudalis;
37 - A. fibiolis caudalis; 38 - A. genu suprema; 39 - A.
tibialis nledialis; 40 - A. fibialis cranialis: 41 - A. tibialis
laferalis; 42 - A . melatarsea dorsalis communis; 43 - Aorlit
dcseendens ; 4 4 - A. pudrnda.
+ ARTERELE CAPULUI LA CURCAN
ARTERES DE LA TETE DU DINDON
264 + HEAD ARTERIES OF THE TURKEY
+ APTEPHH I'OJIOBbI HHHEnIEH
1 - A. curotis cornmunis; 2 - A carotis externa ; 3 - A. carotis i n t e r n a ; 24 - A. temporalis ; 25 - A. ophthalrnica internu ; 26 - -4. elhmoidalis
4 - A. occipitalis ; 5 - A. occipitalis recurrens ; 6 - A. musculocufanea ; communis ; 27 - R a m i anaston~oticic u m a. faciali ; 28. - A. ethmoidalis
7 - A. laryngoesophagea ; 8 - A. q u s c u l i occipitomandibularis ; 9 - A. lateralis ;29 - R a m u s sinusalis a. ethmoidalis lateralis ;30 - A. ethmoidalis
esophagea deecendens ; 10 - A. frachealis ; 11 - 4 . laryngea ; 12 - A. medialis ;31 - R a m i dorsales a. ethmoidalis lateralis ;32 - R a m i ventrales
n ~ u s c u l i geniohyoidei ; 13 -A. ligualis ; 14 - A. sublingualis ; 15 - A. a. ethmoidalis lateralis ;33 - A. incisiva ;34- A. rnandibularis lateralis ;
auricularis ;16 - Hami dorsales ;17 - A. supraorbitalis ;18 - A. facialis ; 35 - A. palpebralis inferior; 36 - A. infraorbitalis; 37 - A. comes nervi
19 - A. rnandibularis m e d i a l i s ; 20 - A. palatina ; 21 - A. n~andibularis v a g i ; 38 - .4. pterygoidea.
inferior ; 22 - A. ophthaln~ica externa ; 23 - R e f e mirabile temporale ;
VASELE SUPERFICIALE LA CAPUL DE CURCAN
VAISSEAUX SUPERFICIELS DE LA TETE DU DINDON
265 SUPERFICIAL HEAD VESSELS OF THE TURKEY
+ IIOBEPXHOCTHbIE COCYAbI I'OJIOBbI MHAEmIEll
1 - A . facialis ; 1' - A. zygomatica ; 2 - A. apendicis cutanei frontalis ; superficialis ; c - M. quadratomandibularis superficialis ; d - M . articrr-
3 - R a m i palpebrae inferioris ;4,7 - R a m i palpebrae superioris ;5 - R a m i Ion~ylohyoideus; e - M. hyomandibularis lateralis ; f - M . geniohyoideus,
-
cutanei ;6 - Rete mirabile auriculare ;8 - A.v. auricularis ;9 - A. muscu-
locutanea ; 10 A , occipitalis ;11 - A. lingualis ; 12 - A . sublingualis ;
13 - A. laryngotrucheoesophagea; 14 - A. comes nervi u a g i ; 15 - A.
pars doraslis ;g. - M. geniohyoideus, pars ventralis; h - M . hyomandibu-
laris medialis ; i - M . ceratoglossus ; j - M . interceratoideus ; 1 - M .
hyoglossus lateralis ; m - M. hyoglossus medialis ; n - M. mylohyoideus ;
carotis communis ; 16 - V. jugularis sinistra ; 17 - V. occipitoceruicalis ; o - M . cutaneus colli.lateralis ;p - M. c o n ~ p l e x u s;r - M . trachealomastoi-
18 - V. lingualis; 19 - A . carotis i n t e r n a ; 20 - A . temporalis; 21 - A. deus ; s - M. rectus capitis lateralis ; t - M: sternolaryngeus ; u - Al.
mandibularis-lateralis ; a - M . occipitomandibularis ; b - M . masseler trachealis ; v - Trachea ; z - Esophagus.
VASELE $I NERVII REGIUNII AURICULARE LA CURCAN
266 * VAISSEAUX ET NERFS DE LA REGION AURICULAIRE DU DINDON

VESSELS AND NERVES OF THE AURICULAR REGION IN THE TURKEY
COCYHbI Ei HEPBbI YIUHOrO AIIIIAPATA HIIAEmICEl
a - 1'. jugularis sinistra ; 11 - V. jugularis dextra ; c - Anaslomosis rnoticus retis mirabilis auricularis c u m rete mirabili iemporali; 5 - A.v.
lransuersa ;d - A. carotis communis ;a - A . cervicalis superior ;f - Rarnus palpebrolis ; 6 - A . ophthalmica exierna ; 7 - S. opl~lhalrnicc~ssuperfi-
ceruicalis dorsalis ;g - A . largngea ;h - A. musculocutanea ;1 - 1'. auri- cialis ( V ) ;8 - A.v. facialis; 9 - GI. lacrimalis.
cularis ;2 - A . a ~ z r i c ~ l l a r;i s3 - Rete mirabile auriculare ;4 - R. anasto-
+ VASELE PROFUNDE LA CAPUL DE CURCAN
+ VAISSEAUX PROFONDS DE LA TETE DU DINDON
262 + DEEP HEAD VESSELS OF THE TURKEY
4 l'JIYEOIEkiE COCYHLI rOJIOBbI IiHAEmKkT
3 - A . carolis c o i ~ ~ ~ ~si~tistra
~ u n i s ;2 - V. jugularis sinisira ;3 - A. comes bralis inferior ; 25 - A . infraorbitalis ; 27 - R a m i ~nusculares; 28 - A.
nerui u a g i ; 4 - A. carotis inierna ;5, 6 - d. occipiialis; 7 , 8 - A. muscu- mandibularis lateralis ; 29 - R a m i dorsales ; 30 - A. laryngea ; a - M.
locuianea; 9 - A. carotis externa ; 10 - Itarni nzuscularcs m . occipiioman- occipitomandibularis ; a' - M . occipitomandibularis, pars oralis ; b - M .
dibularis; 11 - A. auricularis ; 12, 26 - A.u. palatina ;13 - A . 1nandi6u- quadratomandibularis superficialis ;c - M. quadratomandibularis profundus
laris ;14 - A.u. linglcalis ;15 - A.u. sublingualis ;16 - A . musculi genio- aboralis ; d - M. quadratomandibularis profundus oralis ; e - M . cranio-
hyoidei ; 17 - A. l a r y n g o e ~ o ~ ~ l ~ a;g eIuS - A. esophagea descendens ; pterygoquadratus oralis; f - M . craniopterygoquadralus aboralis; g - ill.
19 - A. fracl~ealis; 20 - Rete nlira6ile auriculare ; 21 - -4. facialis ; cutaneus colli lateralis.
2 - A.u. supraorbitalis; 23 - A.u. ethn~oidaliscomnlunis; 24 - A . palpe-
+ ARTERELE CAPULUI LA CURCAN (FACIES V E N T R A L I S )
ARTERES DE LA TETE DU DINDON
26s + HEAD ARTERIES OF THE TURKEY
4 APTEPElEl l'OJIOBbI EIHAEUKH
1 - A. carolis c o m m u n i s ; 2 - A. carolis in- lateralis; 7" - A. palatina medialis; 8 - A .

terns; 2' - A. carotis externa; 3 - A. ophtl~al- glandularurn palatinarum ;9 - Rete palatinum ;
mica cslcrna; 4 - A. auricularis; 5 - A. fa- 10 - Rctc inirnbile temporale; 11 - A. palpe-
cialis ; 5' - A. pterygoidea ; 6 - A. mandi- bralis inferior; 12 - A. suprapalatina; 13 - A.
bularis; 7 - A. palatina ; 7' - A. palatina sphenomazillrrris.
4 VASELE CAPULUI LA CURCAN ( F A C I E S V E N T R A L I S )
@ VAISSEAUX DE LA TETE DU DINDON
269 HEAD VESSELS OF THE TURKEY
+ C O C Y A b l l'OdIOBb1 &tHJEnKLI
1 - V. jugularis dextra ; - 1.. m a x i llaris; 14 - Relc

nistr,a ; 2 - A. comes I v a g i ; 3 - A.u. palalinum; 15 - A ~ ~ a s t o m o s transversa
is ; 16 -
occir,italis rccurrens; 4 - arotis c o n ~ m u n i s; iiete basale; 3 - 121. rectus cnpilis ventralis
5 - A.u. orcipilalis; 6 - auricularis; 7 -- medialis; 1) - A l . r e e t ~ ~cicp~ s 'tis lateralis; c -
A.v. esopl~ageadescendens - A.V. sublingua- 31. ocripitonlandib~ ' [ l a r i s ; d -- 31. Alandibnlo-
l i s ; 9 - A.o. lingrculis; - A . u . palotinn ; palatinus, pars meti i a l i s ; e - Pi. entotgmpani-
11 - A.u. palatina latert 12 - A.u. pala- c u s ; f - M . martdl:bulopalalirtus, pars lateralis.
+ ARTERELE SUPERFICIALE ALE CAPULUI DD GAINA
ARTERES SUPERFICIELLES DE LA TETE D E LA POULE
270 + SUPERFICIAL HEAD ARTERIES OF THE HEN
+ IIOl3EPXHOC'TIII~IEAPTEPHH rOJIOBL1 ~ Y P H ~ L I
1 - -4. firci:ilis; 2 - A. nbnrrrlis crislae; 2' - Rete urtericre
cristae; 2" - A. oratis cristae; 3 - R a m i n ~ u s c u l u r e s ; 4 -
A . rggon~alica; 5, 7 - Ra111i palpebrae superioris; G - -2.
auricularis ; 8 - A. temporalis ; 9 - A. musculoclrtanecc ;
10 - A. n ~ a n d i b u l u r i s laterulis ; 11 - A. opcrcnli nasalis ;
12 - A. plicae cutuneae mandibularis oralis; 13 - A. plicne
cutaneae ~ n a n d i h u l n r i sabornlis; 14 - R a m i palpehrne infc-
rioris.
2Tl .
+
ARTERELE SUPERFICIALE ALE CAPULUI DE GISCA
ARTERES SUPERFICIELLES DE LA TETE DE L'OIE
SUPERFICIAL HEAD ARTERIES OF THE GOOSE
IIOBEPXIIOCTHbIE APTEPHH I'0,rIOBGI I'YCSI
1 - A . facialis; 1'- R a m i cutanei a . facialis; 2 - A . zygo-

matica inferior; 3 - A. zygomntica superior; 4 - R a m i m u s -
culares a. facialis; 5 - R a m i palpebrae inferioris; 6 - A.
nasalis lateralis; 7 - R a ~ n u spalpebrulis superior; 8 - A.
elhmoidalis lateralis; 9 - A. arzricularis; 10 - R a m i cutanei
a . temporalis; 11 - A. musculocutanea; 12 - R a m i frontales
a . supraorbitalis; 13 - A. esophagea descendens-; 14 - A.
trachealis.
.
+ VASELE REGIUNII AURICULARE LA GISCA
+ VAISSEAUX DE LA REGION AURICULAIRE DE L'OIE
272 VESSELS OF THE AURICUL, REGION IN THE GOOSE
+ COCYAbI YIIIHOFO AIIIIAPATA FYCSI
1 - V. Jugularis; 2 - A. carofis communis; 3 - A.U. faciu-
l i s ; 4 - A.v. zygomalictr inferior; 5 - A . v . auricularis;
6 - GI. lacrimalis.
~ ~ \
-- U ~
+ ARTERELE CAPULUI LA RATA (riup8 Georoceanu, tez8, 1971)
+ A R T ~ R E SDE LA TETE DU CANARD
273 + HEAD ARTERIES O F THE DUCK
+ APTEPHM 1'O:IOBLI YTKII
1 - A. carolis cornmunis; 2 - A. enrotis externa; 3 - A. carotis interna; , 17 - A. supraorbitalis; 18 - R a m u s anastomoticus c u m a . opl~thalmica cere-
4 - -4. occipitalis; 5 - A. laryngoesophagea; 6 - Truncus comrnunis a . auri- brali; 20 - A. ethmoidalis c o m m u n i s ; 21 - A. ethmoidalis medialis; 22 -
cularis et a . facialis; 7 - A, p a l a f i n a ; 8 - A. lingualis; 9 - A. laryn- A. ethrnoidalis lateralis; 22' - R a m u s dorsalis a . ethmoidalis lateralis; 22" -
gea; 10 - A. sublingualis; 11 - A. esophagea descendens; 11' - A. tra- R a m u s ventralis a . ethmoidalis lateralis; 23 - R a m u s sinzlsalis a . ethmoi-
rhealis; 12 - A. mandibularis; 13, 19 - A. ophthalrnica externa; 14 - dalis lateralis; 24 - A. incisiua; 25 - A. pterygoidea; 26 - A. palpebra-
A. ocripitalis recurrens; 15 - A. temporalis; 16 - Rete mirabile temporale; l i s inferior ; 27 - Reie pterygopalatinum.
6 ARTERELC CAPULUI LA RATA ( P A C I E S VENTRALIS)
+ ARTERES DE LA TETE DU CANARD
224 + HEAD ARTERIES OF THE DUCK
+ APTRPHH 110.70RT>IYTIiII
1 - A. carotis conzrnunis; 2 - A. occipilalis; 3 - A. carotis

interna; 3' - A. caroiis externa; 4 - A. op11thalmica; 5 - A.
auricularis; 6 - A. facialis; 7 - A. pharynges; 8 - A.
sphenornaxillaris; 9 - A. pterygoidea; 10 - A. palatina;
10' - A. palafina lateralis; 11 - A. suprapalatina; 12 -
Rete pterygopalatinurn.
275 .
+ ARTERELE ENCEFALULUI LA GAINA
+ ARTERES DU CERVEAU DE LA POULE
BRAIN ARTERIES OF THE HEN
+ ZPTEPIIII I'O.TORHOI'0 3103r.i ICYPIlllbI
A - Facies Iaferalis; B - Facies ventralis.

1 - R a n ~ u scranialis a. carofis i n f e r n a e ; 2 - A . cerebralis
aboralis; 3 - A. cerebralis m e d i a ; 4 - A . cerebralis oralis;
5 - A . ophthalmica cerebralis; 6 - A. aboralis hemispherii
cerebri; 7 - A. tecfi aptici uentralis; 8 - A. cerrbellaris
uentralis aboralis; 9 - A. cerebellaris ventralis oralis; 10 - A.
spinalis dorsalis; 11 - 9. spinalis uentralis; 12 - A. earofis
i n f e r n a ; 13 - A . basilaris; 14 - R a m u s caudalis a . carofidis ,
i n f e r n a e ; 15 - Anastolnosis intercarotica.
'26
.
6 ARTERELE ENCEFALULUI
ARTRRES DU CERVEAU DE L'OIE
BRAIN ARTERIES OF THE GOOSE
+ APTEPITH I'OJIOBHOI'O
LA G~SCA
M 0 3 I ' A I'YCSI
A - Facies lateralis; B - Facies ventralis. 9 - A. cercbellaris ventralis oralis ; 10 -- A .

1 - R a m u s cranialis a . carotidis internae; 2 - cercbellaris ventralis aboralis ; 11 - A. spinalis
A. cerebralis aboralis; 3 - A. cerebralis m e d i a ; dorsalis; 12 -- A. spinalis ventralis; 13 - A.
4 - A. cerebralis oralis; 5 - A. o p h f h a l n ~ i c a enrotis interna; 14 - A~zastornosisintercarofica;
cerebralis; 6 - A. iecti optici ventralis; 7 - R. 15 - GI. hypophrjsis.
caudnlis a . carotidis internae ;8 - A . basilaris ;
277
.
+ VENELE CAPULUI LA CURCAN -
VEINES DE LA TETE DU DWDON
HEAD VEINS OF THE TURKEY
+ B E W I I'OJIOBbI IlHAEBKM
FACIES L A T E R A L I S (dupe? Georoceanu, teze?, 1971)
1 - I-. jugularis sinistra ; 1' - V . jugularis dextra ; 2 - Anastomosis trans- 11 - V . mandibularis ;12 - V . suprapalatina ;13 - V.ophthalmica ;14 - V v .
versa ;3 - V . ceplialica oralis ;4 - V. cephalica aboralis ; 5, 6 - V. occipitalis ophthalmotemporalis ;15 - V. supraorbitalis ;16 - V . ethmoidalis communis ;
lateralis ; 7 - V. facialis externa ; 7' -- V . palpebralis communis ; 7" - V . 17 - V . ethmoidalis medialis ; 18 - V. ethmoidalis lateralis ; 19 - Xete t c m -
auricularis superficialis ; 7"' - V . auricular is profunda ; 8 - V . facialis porale ; 20 - V . palpebralis inferior ; 21 - V. sinusalis ; 22 - V . lingualis ;
interna; 8' - R a m i musculares ; 9 - 1'. m a x i l l a r i s ; 10 - V . palatina ; 23 - V. esophagea; 24 - V . trachealis; 25 - V . laryngea.
+ VENELE CAPULUI LA CURCAN - F A C I E S T'ENTRALIS (dupH Georoceanu, tezH, 1971)
+ VEINiES DE LA TETE DU DINDON
278 + HEAD VEINS OF THE TURKEY
BEHbI FOJIOBbI ElHAEmIEEl
1 - V . jugularis d e x t r a ; 1' - V . jugu- palaiina medialis; S - V. palalina lale-

laris sinislra; 2 - Anastomosis transuer- r a l i s ; 9 - Rete palatinum; 10 - R e f e
s a ; 3 - V . auricularis interna; 4 - V . basale ; 11 - Rete pterygopalalinum ;
facialis exlerna ; 5 - V u . pharyngeae ; 12 - Venae ~ n u s c u l a r e s ; 13 - V . op11-
6 - 1'. mandibularis oeniralis; 7 - 1'. lhalmica ; 1 i - 1'. ocripitalis Ialerolis.
VENELE SUPERFICIALE ALE CAPULUI DE GAINA
279 *+ VEINES SUPERFICIELLES DE LA TETE DE LA POULE

SUPERFICIPI, HEAD VEINS OF THE HEN
IIOBEPXHOCTHbIE BEHbI l'O.?OBbI KYPIlI&I
+ VENELE SUPERFICIALE ALE CAPULUI DE GISCA
+ VEINES SUPERFICIELLES DE LA TETE DE L'OIE
280 + SUPERFICIAL HEAD VEINS OF THE GOOSE
+ IIOBEPXHOCTHLIE BEHM FOXOBbI FYCSI
1 - 1'. ~ u g u l a r i ssinistru ; 2 - V. occipitoccrvicalis ; 3 - V . facialis ; 4 - V. rnunis ; 10 - V . auricularis superficialis oralis ; 11 - 1.v. cntnl~eaeaborales ;
:ygon~alica ventralis ; 5 - V . zygomatica dorsalis ; 6 - Vv. nasales laterales ; 12 - V v . musculares aboralcs; 13 - Rete cuticulare u. etl~n~oidalis lateralis.
7 - I'o. musculares ; 8 - V . cutanea mandibularis ; 9 - V . palpebralis com-
+ VENELE PROFUNDE ALE CAPULUI DE RATA - F A C l E S LATERALIS (dupti Georoceanu, tez5, 1971)
VEINBS PROFONDES DE LA TETE DU CANARD
281 + DEEP HEAD VEINS OF THE DUCK
+ I'JIYBOKHE BEHbI I'OJIOBbI YTMH
1 - V . jugularis sinistra; 1' - V . jugularis dextra ; 2 - Anastomosis trans- ophthalmotemporalis ; 1 8 - R. anastomoticus cum v. ophthalmica ; 19 - V.
versa ; 3 - V . occipitalis aboralis ;4 - V . occipitulis lateralis ;5 - V. lingua- ophthalmica; 20 - V. ethmoidalis communis; 21 - V . ethmoidalis medialis;
[is ;6 - V . sublingualis ; 7 - V . mandibularis ventralis ;8 - Truncus laryn- 22 - V. ethmoidalis lateralis ;23 - V . incisiva ;24 - V. sinusalis ; 25 - V.
goesophageus ;9 - V. laryngea ;10 - V. esophagea ;11 - V . cephalica oralis ; maxillaris ; 26 - V. palatina ; 26' - V . mandibularis medialis ; 27 - V.
11' - V . facialis interna ; 12 - V . facialis externa ; 1 3 - R. anastornoticus ; zygomat ica ventralis ;28 - V . palatina lateralis.
14 - Rete temporale; 15 - Vv. temporales; 16 - V . supraorbitalis ; 17 - V.
+ VENELE CAPULUI LA RATA - I'ACIES VENTRALIS
(dup8 Georoceanu, tezk, 1971)
282 + VEINES DE LA TETE DU CANARD
+ HEAD VEINS OF THE DUCK
+ B E H b I I'OJIOBLI YTICII
1 - V . jugularis dextra; 1' - V . jugularis sinislra; 2 - V .

cephalica aboralis; 3 - V . auricularis interna; 4 - V . occi-
pitalis externa; 5 - V . occipitalis media; 6 - Anastomosis
fransversa; 7 - V v . musculares; 8 - V . cephalica oralis;
9 - Refe basale; 10 - V . palatina ; 11 - V. palatina 'late-
ralis; 12 - V . facialis externa; 13 - V . facialis interna;
14 - R. anastomoticus u. zygomaticae ventralis cum u. faciali
externa; 15 - V . sphenomaxillaris; 16 - Rete palafinum.
+ VENELE INTRACRANIENE LA CURCAN (dups Georoceanu, tez8, 1971)
+ VEINES INTRACRANLENNES DU DINDON
283 + INTRACRANIAL VEINS OF THE KEY
+ BHYTPIiVEPEIIHbIE BEEIbI HHHEtlXH
1 - S i n u s lor~gitudinalis dorsalis; 2 - S i n u s transuersus; bralis c o m m u n i s ; 12 - V . cerebralis oralis; 12' - V . cere-

2' - R a d i x oralis sinus transuersi; 2" - R a d i x media sinus bralis m e d i a ; 13 - R a d i x u. cerebralis oralis; 14 - V . olfac-
transuersi; 2"' - R a d i x aboralis sinus transuersi; 3 - V. toria; 15 - A n u l u s uenosus n. olfactorii; 16 - V . cerebralis
Galeni; 4 - S i n u s occipitalis; 5 - S i n u s foraminis occipi- dorsalis oralis; 17, 17' - A n u l u s venosus periopticus internus;
talis; 6 - R a m i laterales sinus occipitalis; 7 - V. occipi- . 17" - R a m u s anastomoficus c u m v . cerebrali orali; 18 -
lalis lateralis; 8 - V . occipitalis m e d i a ; 9 - R a m i anasto- S i n u s cauernosus; 19 - A. carotis interna.
motici c u m r e f i lobi flocculi; 10 - 1'. petrosa; 11 - V . cere-
.
+ VENELE INTRACRANLENE LA GISCA (dup5. Georaceanu, tez5, 1971)
+ VEINES INTRACRANIENNES DE L'OIE
284 INTRACRANIAL V m N S OF THE GOOSE
+ BHYTPIlgEPElIHbIE BEHbI I'YCSi
1 - Sinus longitudinalis dorsalis; 2 - Sinus transuersus; Iaris; 11 - V . cerebralis coirununis; 12 - 1'. cerebralis
2' - Radix oralis sinus frcmsuersi; 2" - R a d i z media sinus oralis; 12' - V. cerebralis media; 13 - Radix u. cerebralis
transoersi ;2"' - Radix aboralis sinus transversi ;3 - V . Ga- oralis; 14 - V . olfactoria; 15 - Anulus venosus n . olfactorii;
leni; 4 - Sinus occipitalis; 5 - Sinus foraminis occipitalis; 16 - V . cerebralis dorsalis oralis :17 - Anulus venosus pcriop-
6 - Rami lateralis sinus occipitalis; 7 - V . occipitalis late- tic~rs internus; 18 - Sinus caueri~o.s~~s; 19 - A. carotis
ralis; 8 - V . occipitalis media; 9 - Rami anastomotici cum interna.
reti lobi flocculi; 10 - V . petrosa ; 10' - Sinus semicircu-
@ ARTERELE ARIPII LA GAINA
ART~RES DE L'AILE DE LA POULE
285 WING ARTERIES THE HEN
C ) APTEPHEI IEPLIJIA KYPllUbl
1 - A . subclauia; 2 - A. sternoclauicularis; 3 - A.
slernalis; 4 - A. clauicularis; 5 - A. acromialis;
6 - A. thoracica; 7 - A. thoracica interna; 8 - A.
thoracica externa; 8' - A. thoracica externa ventralis;
8" - A. thoracica exferna dorsalis; 9 - A. axillaris;
10 - A. coracoidea; 11 - A. subscapularis; 12 - A.
prof'unda brachii; 13 - A. humeralis; 14 - A. circum-
flexa humeri caudalis; 15 - A
cranialis; 1 6 - A. brachialis; 17 - A. radialis; 17' -
Rami m. extensoris carpi radialis et pafagii; 18 - A.
ulnaris; 12' - Rami musculares.
*
++
VASELE $1 NEBVII ARIPII LA GISCA, IN RAPORTURI TOPOGRAFICE CU MUSCULATUR.2 ( F A C I E S V E N T R A L I S )
VAISSEAUX ET NEBFS DE L'AILE DE L'OIE, E N RAPPORTS TOPOGRAPHIQUES AVEC LES MUSCLES
286 WING VESSELS A N D N m v E s OF THE GOOSE, IN TOPOGRAPHIC RELATIONS WITH T n E MUSCLES
+ COCYnLI H HEPBbr JXPbI3.A PBCH B EIX ECFECTBEHHOn CBJI3n C MYCIEYJIATYPOB
a - M . pectoralis superficialis ; b - M. coracobrachialis externus ; c - hl. digiti secundi; v - M. adductor digiti secundi; x - M . tensor patagii longus ;
biceps brachii; d - M . triceps brachii, caput ventrale; e - M. triceps brachii, y - M . interosseus ventralis ;z - M . flexor diyiti secundi breois ; 1 - P l r z u s
caput dorsale ;f - M . latissimus dorsi ;$ - M . teres m a j o r et m. infraspinatus ; brachialis ; 2 - AV. brachialis dorsalis ; 3 - LY. brachialis ventralis ] 4 - A.v.
11 - M . :calcnus; i - 0 s coracoides ; j M. sternolaryngeus; 1 - Trachea ; bracl~ialis; 5 - N. medianus ; 6 - 9. ulnaris ; 7 - A.v. ulnaris ; 8 - A.
m - M . slernotrachealis ;n - GI. thyroidea ;o - M . pronator brevis ;p - Al. coriles n . vagi ;9 - N. uagus ;10 - V . jugularis sinisfra ;11 - A. pulmonalis ;
flexor curpi ulnaris candalis; r - M . flexor digiti superficialis; s - M . pro- 12 - A. carotis c o m m u n i s ; 13 - ,4. brachiocephalica d e x t r a ; 14 - A o r t a ;
nator longlis ; t - M . extensor carpi radialis superficialis; u - M. extensor 15 - I-. cutanea ulnaris.
+ ARTERELE MEMBRULUI PELVIN LA GAINA
+ ARTERES DU MEMBRE PELVIEN DE LA POULE
287 ARTERIES OF THE PELVIC LIMB IN THE HEN
+ APTEPIlH T A 3 0 B O n EEOHE'IHOCTH EEYPHIIbI
1 - A. iliaca exterrla ;2 - A. circurnflexa fernor is ;3 - A. fcrnoralfi ;

4 - A. pelvina ;5 - A. genu suprema ;6 - A. ischiadica ;7 - A.
nutricia ossis femoris; 8 - A. profunda fernoris; 9 - A. femoris
-
caudalis ; 10 - A. tibialis caudalis ; 11 A. tibialis c~afiialis ;
-
12 A. tibialis rnedialis; 13 - -
A. tibialis lateralis ;14 A. digiti I I
-
pedis ; 15 A. perforans digiti I pedis ; 16 - A . digiti I I I pedis ;
17 - A. digiti IV pedis.
288 . VASELE ,$I NERVII MEMBRULUI PELVIN LA CURCAN
+ VAISSEAUX ET NERFS DU MEMBRE PELVIEN DU DINDON
VESSELS AND NERVES OF THE PELVIC LIMB IN THE TURKEY
9 COCYHb1 IIHPBLI T A 3 0 B O n ICOllE~IIIOCTHHtlgEiiKEI
a - ;\obturaforius
!I. inlernus ;a' -
M . obfuratorius infernus, pars dor-
salis ; a" - M . obturatorl
nus, pars venfralis ; b -- M. de-
pressor caudae; c - M . caudalis
Iaferalis; d - M . biceps fernoris;
e - M . gracilis; f - M . adductor
magnus; g - M . sernifendinosus;
h - M . vasfus rnedialis : i - M . A
femoris; j - iV. glufeus
' .F'~czalis
'
: 1 - M. s~ arforius :
m - M. pectineus; n - M. se-
mime1n b r h o s u s ; o - M . gastroc-
nemiu's medialis; p - IM. tibialis
cranicrlis; r - M . flexor 1
digit01w m profundus; s -- M. ex- fibularis superficialis; 17 - N .
tensor digiforurn Iongus ; fibularis profundus; 18 - N. me-
peronc?ussuperficialis; 1 -- Plexus fafarsus dorsalis; 19 - A.v. cir-
lumbalis; 2 - N . femoralis; 3 - /,kzz& cumflexa fenloris; 20 - A.v. fibia-
Plexus saeralis; 4 - Plexus pu- d lis medialis; 21 - A . v . fernoris
dendalis; 5 - N . cufaneus ferno- caudalis ;22 - A. fibularis; 23-
r i s ; 6 - N . ilioinguinalis; 7 -
N. iliohypogasfricus; 8 - N . ob-
,& ; A.v. fibialis caudalis; 24 - A.v.
f- -. n-l -i -n r-.
i h-i - o..n- .
r. .-l i .,
io 29 - A. is-
- ,-.
s t 25.
turaforius; 9 - N . iliomuscularis; chiadica; 26 - Aorta de seendens ;
10 - N. saphenus; 11 - N . is- 27 - V . cava caudalis; 28,
chiadicus; 12 - N. cufaneus surae 31 - A.v. iliaca externa; 30 -
planfaris; 13, 15 - N. fibularis A.v. profunda fernoris; 32 - A.
communis; 14- N. tibialis; 16- N . circumflexa fernoris.
+ ARTERELE COAPSEI $I GAMBEI LA BATA
ARTERES DE LA CUISSE ET DE LA JAMBE DU CANARD
289 ARTERIES OF THE THIGH AND LEG IN THE DUCK
APTEPHH BEEPA H I'OJIEHH YTKH
a - A. ischiadica; b - A. poplitea; c - A. tibialis medialis; crtudalis (5' - r. lateralis; 5" - r. medialis; 5"' -- r. cau-
d - A. tibialis caudalis; e - A. tibialis cranialis; f - A. dalis) ;6 - A. nutricia ossis fernoris; 7- A. poplitea propria;
tibialis lateralis; 1 - A. obturatoria; 2 - A . trochanterica; 8 - R. dorsalis a . tibialis lateralis; 9 - R. cranialis a. tibialis
3 - A. g1uti.n; 4 - A. profunda frnjoris; 5 - A. fernoralis Iaternlis; 10 - R. lateralis a . tibialis lateralis.
6 RETEAUA ADMIRABILA IN DERNATIE DE P E ARTERA TIBIALA CRANIALA LA GPSCA
RESEAU ADMIRABLE EN DERIVATION DE L'ARTERE TIBIALE CRANIALE DE L'OIE
291 + RETE MIRABILE BRANCHING FROM THE CRANIAL TIBIAL ARTERY OF THE GOOSE
6 CETb C PAOBETBJIEHEISIMH C ICPAIIHAdIbIIOfl gACTH BOJIblUEBEPgOBOn IiOCTli
ryca
12 - A. tibialis cranirrlis; 13 - A r l e ~ . e l rsotelite.
I
+ ARTERELE COAPSEI S I GAMBEI LA GISCA

+ ARTERES DE LA CUISSE ET DE LA JAMBE DE L'OIE
+ ARTERIES OF THE THIGH AND LEG IN THE GOOSE
APTEPHH BEAPA H I'OXERH I'YCa
1 - A. isclriadica; 2 - .i. profunda femoris; 3 - A.

nutricia ossis fernoris; 4 - A. poplitea propria; 5 -
-4. fernoris caudalis; 6 - A. tibialis medialis; 7 - A.
tibialis cranialis; 8 - A. tibialis caudalis ; 9, 10 -
Rr. Iat. et rned. a . fernoris caudalis; 11 - A. tihialis
lateralis; 13, 1 3 - A. tibialis cranialis.
292 .
6 ARTERELE REGIUNII TARSO-METATARSIENE LA G ~ S C A(FACIES DORSALIS)
+ ARTERES DE LA REGION TARSO-METATARSIENNE DE L'OIE
ARTERIES OF THE TARSO-METATARSUS IN THE GOOSE
+ APTEPElll J A ~ I ~ I O C H O - I I J I H ) C E I E BIIAICTII
O~ I'YClI
294 .
+ VASELE DEGETELOR MEMBSULUI PELVIN LA'GPSCA (FACIES DORSALIS)
+ VAISSEAUX DIGITAUX DU MEMBRE PELVIEN DE L'OIE
DIGITAL VESSELS OF THE FOOT IN THE GOOSE
+ COCYAbI IIAJIbIIEB TA3OBOn EOHEgHOCTIl l'YCSI
1 - A. dorsalis pedis ; 7 - A. digitalis pedis e o m n ~ u n i sI I I ; planfaris pedis lateralis; 16 - A.V. digiti pedis I I n~edialis;
8 - A. digiti pedis I I lateralis; 9 - A. digiti pedis I lateralis; 17 - V . digiti pedis I I I medialis; 18 - V . digiti pedis I V
10 - Arcus interdigitalis distalis; 12 - A. digiti pedis I V laferalis; 19 - V . interdigitalis medialis; 20 - V . interdigi-
medialis; 13 - A. digiti pedis I I I lateralis; 13' - A. digiti talis lateralis.
pedis I I I medialis; 14 - V. plantaris pedis medialis; 15 - V .
+ VASELE PAPILARE ALE MEMBRANE1 INTERDIGITALE LA GISCA
(dup8 prepanat de coroziune)
+ VAISSEAUX PAPILLAIRES DE LA MEMBRANE INTERDIGITALE D E L'DIE
295 (apres une piece de corrosion)
+ PAPILLARY VESSELS OF THE INTERDIGITAL MEMBRANE IN THE GOOSE
(after a eorroslon prepanation)
+ IIAn11X:IXE'HbIE COCYAbI MEifCIIA.TIb4EBOm MEM1;PAHbI I'YCX
1 - Arcus inter digitalis dislalis ; 1' - Sphincter ;

2 - Rr.dista1es (s.0. papillares) ; 3 - R . proximalis;
'1 - I'u. papillares; -5 - Rr. anastomotieac.
296
..TRUNCHIUL CELIO-MEZENTERIC LA GISCA (FACIES DORSALIS)
TRONC CCELIO-MESENTERIQUE DE L'OIE
COELIO-MESENTERIC TRUNK OF THE GOOSE
+ 9PEBHO-BP6IXCEEYHbI$i CTBOJI I'YCSi
A - Truncus celio~nesentericus;B - Detaliu de distribufie.

1 - Aorta descendens; 2 - A . celiaca; 3 - R. dexter a. celiacae; 4 - R. sinister a.
celiacae; 5 - A. gastrica dextra ; 6 - A. gastrica dextra dorsalis; 7 - A. gastrica
dextra caudalis ; 8 - A. proventricularis dorsalis, r. cranialis ; 9 - A . proventricularis
dorsalis, r. caudalis ; 10 - A. gastrica cranialis ; 11 - A a . lienales ; 12 - A . hepatica ;
13 - A . gastroduodenalis ; 14 - A. ileocecalis sinistra ; 15 - A. pancreaticodoodenalis ;
16 - A. duodenojejunalis; 17-21 (vezi fig. 297) ; 22 - H . dorsalis a. gaslricae dexlrae
caudalis ;23 - R. ventralis a. gastricae dextrae caudalis ; a - A. ~nesenterica cranialis ;
b - A . ileocecalis dextra ;d - A . ileocecalis sinistra ; c - An. jcjunales ;e' - A. jejuna-
lis centralis ;f - Bulbus mesentericirs ; g - Rele superficialis ; j - Artcriolae centripe-
tales ; i - Rete profundurn.
ARTERA CELIACA LA GISCA ( F A C I E S V E N T R A L I S )
ARTERE CIELIAQUE DE L'OIE
292 COELIAC ARTERY OF THE GOOSE
+ B P ~ I X E E ~ H APTEPHSI
A~ ryca
1 A - Ventriculus ylrcndnlaris; R - IJentriculus muscula-

r i s ; 1 - Aorta descendens; 2 - A . celiaca; 3 - R. dexter
a . celicae; 4 - R. sinister a . celiacac; 9 - A . proventri-
cularis dorsalis; 12 - A. hepatica; 17 - A. prouenfricu-
laris uentralis; 18 - A. gastrica s i n i s f r a ; 19 - A. gas-
trica sinistra, r. dorsalis; 20 - R. caudalis; 21 - A.
gastrica uenfralis; 22 - R. dorsalis a. gastricae dexfrue
i caudalis; 23 - R. uentralis a . gastricae dextrue; a - A.

~nesenterica cranialis.
ARTERA CELIACA LA CURCA (FACIES V E N T R A L I S )

ARTERE CtELIAQUE DE LA DINDE
298 @ COELIAC ARTERY OF THE TURKEY-HEN
BPbI3KEE¶HASl APTEPHSl HHAEHIEE1-CAMICE1
A - Ventriculus glandularis; B - Ventriculus muscula-

r i s ; C - Duodenum descendens; C' - D u o d e n u m ascen-
dens; D - Lien ; 1 - Aorta descendens; 2 - A . celiaca ;
3 - R. d e x f e r ; 4 - R. sinister; 9 - A . prouentricularis
dorsalis; 10 - A. gastrica dorsalis; 11 - A a . lienales;
12 - A. hepatica dextra; 15 - A . hepatica s i n i s f r a ;
16 - A. proventricularis uentralis; 17 - A a . duodeno-
jejunules; 20 - A . gastrica sinistra; 21 - R. cartdalis;
22 - R. dorsalis; 23 - A. gasfrica ucntralis.
ARTERELE COLONULUI, CLOACEI $1 BURSEI LUI FABRICIUS L A RAT01
ARTERES D U COLON, D U CLOAQUE ET D E LA BOURSE DE FABRICIUS D U CANARD
ARTERIES OF THE COLON, CLOACA A N D B U R S A FABRIC11 I N THE DRAKE
0 APTEPHH OBOAOlYHOm ICMIIIICII, IEJIOAKH M IEOIIIEJIH @ABPLILIIIH CEJIEOHH
A - 1'este.s (cu veriele suporficiale) ; B - Aorta descendens ; muscularis; 6 - I?. cloacnlis; 7 - A. mesel~lcricu caudalia ; k -- "V.
C - (,'ecun?; D - -- Colon ; E -- Urefer ; I; - Burza Fabricii ; G - Co- intestinalis; 9 - N . pudendus ; a - H. colicus caudalis; a' - - I<.cof~ro-
prodcum ; H - Penis ; I -'Corpus vasculosus ; 1 -- dorta descendens ; dealis ; b - R. urodcalis ; c , d Rr. prociodeales ; e - Hanli bursales
2 A. iscl~iadica; 3 -- ~ . ~ s a c r a l imedia
s ; 4 - A. pudenda ; 5 -- I?. (Fabricii) ; f - A. cranialis bursae (Fabricii).
+ VASELE OVIDUCTULUI $ I OVARULUI LA GAINA
300 * VAISSEAUX DE L'OVIDUCTE ET DE L'OVAIRF DE LA POULE

VESSELS OF THE OVIDUCT AND OVARY IN THE HEN
COCYnhI s I f i ~ E I I P O l 3 0lqA H 51119HHIEA IEYPH416
A - Ouiductus ( 1 - I n f u n d i b u l u m ; 2 - M a g n u m : 3 - I s t h m u s ; ovarica cranialis; h - A . renalis cranialis; i - A . ouarica caudalis;

4 - Uterus ;5 - Vagina) ;B - R e n sinister ;C - Ouarium ;a - Aorta j - A . renalis caudalis ; k - A . infundibuli ; 1 - A . magni cranialis ;
descendens ; b - V . caua caudalis : c - V . renalis reuehens ; d - V. tn - A. magni caudalis ;n - A.u. hypogastrica ;o - A.u. longitudinalis
renalis aduehens ;e - A.v. iliaca externa ;f - A.u. ischiadica ;g - A.u. uentralis; p - A.u. longitudinalis dorsalis.
301
..DISTRIBUTIA VASELOR PE OVISACUL DE GAINA
DISTRIBUTION DES VAISSEAUX SUR L'OVISAC DE LA POULE
VESSELS DISTRIBUTION ON THE HEN'S OVISAC
+ PACIIPEAEJIEHEIE COCYAOB 110 @OJIJII.IICYJIY ICJ'PElIJbI
A - Irigatia ve~ioasg: a - Polus pedicularis; B - Irigatia arterials : 1 - Aa. rnedularcs;

b - Polus stigmalis; 1 - Vu. refis perithecalis; 2 - Aa. pediculares; 3 - Aa. folicularcs.
2 - Vu. retis thecalis; 3 - Stigma.
+ SISTEMUL CIRCULATOR LIMFATIC LA GAINA (dup8 Baum, 1923)
+ SYSTEME CIRCULATOIRE LYMPHATIQUE DE LA POULE
302 LYMPHATIC CIRCULATORY SYSTEM OF THE HEN
+ CHCTEMA JIHMOOOBPAmEHHSI IEYPHYbI
1 - V . ,jugularis dextra; 2 - V a s lymphaceurn jugulare; 3 - d.o. axil- gluvies ; d - Ventriculus glandularis ; e - Venlriculus muscularis ;
laris; 4 - V . cava cranialis dextra; 5 - Aorta descendens; 6 - V. caoa f -Duodenum ; g - Lien ; h - Hepar ; i - Cor ; j - Thymus ; 1 - GI.
caudalis; 7 - Ductus thoracicus; a -:Esophagus; b - Trachea; c - In- thyroidea; m - Ren dexter.
+ SCHEMA TOPOGRAFIEI GANGLIONILOR LIMFATICI LA GISCA $I RATA (dupH Veg-
getti, 1969)
+ SCHEMA TOPOGRAPHIQUE DES GANGLIONS LYMPHATIQUES DE L'OIE ET DU CANARD
304 + TOPOGRAPHIC DIAGRAM OF THE LYMPH NODES IN THE GOOSE AND DUCK
+ TOIIOI'PAQEIYECRASI CXEMA ;IMJfQ4TIIYECKHX Y3JIOII I'YCn &I
YTIiIZ
1 - V . jugularis; 2 - Lnn. ceruicales; 3 - A. ilinca externn :

4 - Lnn. lumbales; 5 - A. isclliadica ;
7 - Ren.
+ SISTEMUL CLRCULATOR LIMFATIC LA GAINA (dupg Btaum, 1923)

+ SYSTBME CIRCULATOIRE LYMPHATIQUE DE LA POULE
303 + LYMPHATIC CIRCULATORY SYSTEM OF THE HEN
+ CHCTEblA JIHM@OOBPAIIIEHEISi IiYPHIIbI
1 - Aorfa desccndcns ;2 - V. cava caudalis ;

3 - V . cava cranialis sinistra ;3' - V . cava
cranialis dextra; 4 - 21. celiaca; 5 - A . v .
iliaca exierna ; 6 - V. coccygeomesenterica ;
7 - Ductus thorucicus. fhoracalis dexf. sin.;
8 - Ductus tlroracicus, luntbalis dexl. sin.;
9 - Vasa lymphacea lumbalin; a - Cor;
b - Esophagus ; c - Trachea; d - Saccus
inferclavicularis; c - Ren dexter, lobus crn-
nialrs ; e' - Ren dexfer, lobus medius;
e" - Ren dexfer, lobus caudalis; f - Ureter ;
g - Ovarium; h - Oviductus; i - Cloaca;
j - Bursa Fabricii; 1 - GI. suprarenalis;
m - hT.obturaloriu~.
SISTEMUL NERVOS
SYSTEME NERVEUX
NERVOUS SYSTEM
HEPBHAFI CMCTEMA
ENCEFALUL 31 CAVITATEA CRANIANA LA GAINA (SECTIUNE MEDIANA)
e ENCEPHALE ET CAVITE CRANIENNE DE LA POULE (COUPE MEDIANE)
305 + BRAIN AND CRANIAL CAVITY OF HEN (MEDIAN SECTION)
+ I'O3OBHOH M 0 3 r H YEPEIIHASI IIOJIOCT6 IEYPEIUbI (1MEAHAJIbHbIU PA3PE3)
A - Telencephalon ; B - Cerebellum ; C - Medulla oblongata ; L - Choana ; a - Chiasrna o p t i c u m ; b - Epiphysis ; c - Ven-

D - Diencephalon ; E - Mesencephalon ; F - Hypophysis ; triculus Z V ; d - Recessus tecti uentriculi ZV; e - Cavum
G- Medulla spinalis ;H - S e p t u m interorbitale ;I - S e p t u m nasi ; subarachnoidale ;f - Canalis centralis.
+ ENCEFALUL DE GAINA (dup8 Scummer, 1973)
+ ENCEPHALE DE LA POULE
306 + GRAIN OF HEN
+ 1 1 0 J I O B H O ~ * i l ~ KYPHUbI
03~
A - Facies dorsalis; B - Facies ucrl-

fralis.
1 - l'elencephulon; 2 - Cerebellum;
3 - Medulla oblongata; a - Fissura lon-
giturlinalis ; b - E m i n e i ~ f i a sagittalis ;
c - T'allecula ; c' - N. ceruicalis I ;
c f f - N . ceroicalis I I ; d - Bulbus olfac-
torius ; c - Fissura fransuersu cerebri ;
f - Tectum opticum; g - Lobus floccr~li;
h - Chiasmu opticum; i - I3ypophysis;
j - Fissura rnedianu uentralis;
I - XI1 - X I I . craniales.
++ SECTIUNE MEDLANA PRIN ENCEFALUL DE PASARE (dupg #Stingelin, 1954)

COUPE MEDIANE DE L'ENCEPHALE D'OISEAU
307 MEDIAN SECTION OF A BRAIN OF BIRD
+ MEHHAJI5HhIH PA3PE3 rOJIOBHOP0 M03FA IITIlgbI
1 - Bulbus olfactorius; 2 - Epiphysis; 3 - Tectum opti-

c u m ; 4 - Cerebellum; 5 , 21 - Velum medullare caudale;
6 - Hypophysis; 7 - Infundibulum; 8 - Chiasma opti-
c u m ; 9 - Diencephalon; 10 - Archistriatum; 11 - Pa-
leostriatum ; 12 - Neostriaturn ; 13 - Hiperstriatum;
11 - Neopullium ; 15 - Arcl~ipallium;16 - Paleopallium ;
17 - Area prepyriformis paleopallii; 18 - Comissura
rostralis; 19 - Comissura pallii; 20 - Velum medullare
rostrale; 22 - Medulla ablongata; 23 - Medulla spinalis.
30s ..
MADUVA SPINARII $1 TRUNCHIURILE SIMPATICE TORACALE
MOELLE EPINIRRE ET LES TRONCS SYMPATHIQUES THORACIQUES
SPINAL CORD AND THORACIC SYMPATHETIC TRUNKS
CIIEIHHOEl MO3r II CIIMIIATH9ECIEHE TOPAIEAJIbHLIE CTB0;ILI
a - Ggl. spinal?; b - hledulla spinalis; c - Ggl. parauerie-

brale; d - R a m i communicanies; e - Foramen interuer-
iebrale.
309
.
+ RTADUVA LOMBO-SACRALA LA GAINA
MOELLE LOMBO-SACREE DE LA POULE
LUMBO-SACRAL PART OF SPINAL CORD OF HEN
IIOsICHEIYHO-ECPECTUOBLIZiMO8I'!IEYPLIU61
a - P l e x u s Iumbalis; b - . N n . l u m b d e s ; c - S i n u s rhom-
boidalis; d - Plexus sacralis; e - P l e x u s p u d e n d u s ;
f - N n . coccygei.
6 MADUVA CERVICALA $1 CONEXIUNILE SALE CU TRUNCHIUL SIMPATIC
+ MOELLE CERVICALE ET SES CONNEXIONS AVEC LE TRONC SYMPATHIQUE
310 + CERVICAL PART OF SPINAL CORD AND ITS CONNEXIONS WITH THE SYMPATHETIC
TRUh-K
+ nIEnii1,Im B f o a r H E r o COEJHHEIIEISI o CIIMIIATLITIECSIIM CTBOJIOM
a - ibIedulla spinalis; b - R a d i x dorsalis n. spinalis; u s ; h - Ganglionum parauertcbmle; i - R a m u s efferens

b' - R a d i x venfralis n. spinalis; c - Ggl. spinale; d - R a m u s paraverfebralis ;j - Connectivus transversus ; 1 - Connecfivus
dorsalis n . spinalis; e - R a m u s ventralis n. spinalis; caroficus; m - A. carofis communis.
f - R a m u s cornmunicafis a l b u s ; g- R a m u s c o m m u n i c a n s grise-
6 ORfFICIILE DE TRAvERSARE: A CUTIEi CRANIENE f)E CATRE NERVII CAPULUI
+ ORIFICES DE PASSAGE DU CRANE PAR LES NERFS CRANIENS
311 + FORAMLNA THROUGH WHICH THE CRANIAL NERVS EMERGE FROM THE SKULL
OTBEPCTEISI, g E P E J I~OTOPLIE,BLIXO~SIT
~YEPEIIIIbIEIIEPI1LI
+ NERVII CAPULUI LA CURCAN
312 NERFS DE LA TETE DU DZNDON
+ HEAD NERVES OF TURKEY
+ ¶EPEIIHbIE HEPBbI EiHAEnICIl
1 - N. opticus ; 2 - N. olfactorius ; 3 - Ramus ventralis 11. oculomotorii ; laris ;20 - ,V. musculi geniohyoidei ;21 - N. massetericus ;22 - R . rostralis
4 - Ramus dorsalis 11. oculomotorii ; 5 - N. abducens ; 6 - Ramus rnusculi n . facialis ;22' - R . aboralis n . facialis; 23 - Ramus m . occipitomandibularis
quadrati nictitantis ;7 - Ramus dorsalis n. abducentis ; 8 - N. ophthalmicus ; ( V I I ) ;24 - 1V.chorda tympani ;25 - N. glossopharyngeus ;26 - R . lingualis
9 - N. nasalis cutaneus ucntrnlis ;10 - N. nasalis cutaneus dorsalis ;11 - N. n. glossopharyngei ;27 - R. laryngeus n. glossopharyngei ; 28 - Ggl. n. glosso-
nasalis, pars intraossea; 12 - N. trochlearis; 13 - N. n ~ a x i l l a r i s ;14 - 1V. pharyngei; 29 - Ggl. cervicale craniale; 30 - N. vagus; 30' - Conectivus
temporalis superficialis ;15 - N. temporalis profundus ;16 - N. infraorbitalis ; carolicus; 31 - R . anastornoficus cum C,; 32 - R. syringeus n. hypoglossi;
17 - N. buccinatorius ; 18 - N. pterygoideus externus ; 19 - N. mandibu- 33 - R. lingualis n . hypoglossi ; 34 - N. accessorius.
NERVII CAPULUI LA CURCAN
NERFS DE LA TETE DU DINDON
313 e
* HEAD NERVES OF TURKEY
YEPEIIHbIE IIEPBbI IIIIHEmKH
1 - Ggl. pterggopalatinurr~dorsale; 2 - Ggl. pterygopalatinun~ vcntrale; dorsali ;26 - N. lacrinlalis ;27 - N. nasalis aboralis ;28 - R. r~asnlis
3 - Ggl. ciliare; 4 - AV. opticus ; 5 - S. olfactorius; 6 - N. troclzlea- intcrnus a - M . craniopterygoquadralus oralis; b - M . crarziopterg-
ris ; 7 - N . ophthalmicus ; 8 - R. ventralis n. oculomotorii ; 8' - R. goquadratus aboralis; c - M . quadratomandibularis profundus; d - 14.
dorsulis n . oculomotorii ;9 - AY.maxillaris ;10 - N. frontalis ;11 - hi. quadratomandibularis superficialis ; e - M . quadratomandibularis pro-
ethmoidalis; 12 - N . infratrochlearis ; 13 - iV. buccinatorius; 14 - N . fundus aboralis ;f - M . cutaneus colli lateralis ; g - M . occipitomandi-
palatinus m a j o r ; 15 - AT. alveolaris mandibularis; 16 - h7.mylohyoi- bularis ;h - M . articulomylohyoideus ;i - M . hyorr~andibzilaris;j - M .
deus ; 17 - N. lingualis ; 1 8 - N. zygomaticofacialis ; 19 - N. ptery- geniohyoideus, pars dorsalis ; 1 - M . geniohyoidcus, pars ventralis ;
goideus lateralis; 20 - AV. cllorda t y m p a n i ; 21 - ,V. massetericus; m - M. mandibulopalatinus; n - GI. angularis oris ; o - GI. lacri-
22 - N . temporalis p r o f u n d u s ; 23 - X. pterygoidcus medialis; 24 - N . malis ; p - GI. nasalis lateralis.
zygomaticotemporalis ; 25 - R. anastomoticus c u m ggl. pterygopalatino
+
S-
+ NERVII CAPULUI LA CURCAN
I NERFS DE LA TETE DU DINDOh
?3 314 + HEAD NERVES OF TURKEY
,> + Y E P E I I I E M EIIEPBLI I I H A E ~ I C Z I
01
1 - Ar. glossopharyngeus ; 2 , 3 - R . pharyngeus caudalis ; 4 - N . sus ; h - M . inferceratohyoideus ; i -- M. mylohyoideus ; j - .ll.

hypoglossus ; 5 - N . uagus ; 6 - Communicafio uagohypoglossa ; cutaneus colli ;1 - M . occipitomandibularis ;m - M . geniohyoidrlw,
7 - Communicatio glossopharyngeohypoglossa ; 8 - R. lingualis ; pars dorsalis ;m' - M. geniohyoideus, pars ventralis ;n - M . recflrs
9 - Rctrn~zs n7. sfylohyoidei ; 10 - R. colli ; 11 - Rr. esophagei ; capitis ventralis lateralis; o - M . c o m p l e x u s ; p - AZ. traclrealo.
12 - G I . snblingualis; a - M . massefer superficialis ; b - M. n~astoideus; r - M . sternolaryngeus ; s - M. trachealis lateralis ;
masseter n ~ e d i u s; c - M . quadratomandibularis ; d - M . cufaneus t - Esophagus ; u - Trachea ; v - Palpebra tertia ; w -- GI.
eolli lateralis; e - ,%I. hyomarldibularis lateralis ; e' - M . hyoman- lacrimalis ; x - Oculus ; z - T e n d o m . pyramidalis.
dibularis medialis; f - M . articulomylohyoideus; g - M . ceratoglos-
315
.. VASELE $1NERVII JONCTIUNII CERVICO-CEFALICE LA CURCA
VAISSEAUX ET NERFS DE LA JONCTION CERVICO-CEPHALIQUE DU DINDON
VESSELS AND NERVES OF CERVICO-CEPHALIC JUNCTION OF TURKEY
+ C O C Y J I ~ IH HEPULI I I I E & I H O - ~ O ; I O U H OOBJIACTH
~ IIHHEBI~II
1 - A. carofis c o m m u n i s ; 2 - A. carofis interna; 3 - A. 15 - Coinn~unicaiioglossopharyngeollypoglossa ;16 - N . hypo-

occipitalis; 4 - A. carotis externa; 5 - A. ceruicalis supe- glossus; 17 - N . facialis; 18 - 1'. .jugularis; 19 - V. occi-
rior ; 6 - A. musculocutunea ; 7 - R. ceroiccrlis dorsalis ; pitalis; 20 - Tr. lnryngea ; 21 - V. occipitoceruicalis; a -
8 - R. larynges; 9 - A . v . esopllagea descendens; 10 -- A. E s o p l ~ a g u s ;b - Traclfca ; c - .Apparatus liyoideus; d - M .
meatus acustici externi; 11 - A. comes nervi vagi; 12 - N . occipifomandibularis; e -- JI. cutancus colli lateralis; f - M .
uagus; 13 - N . arcessorius ; 1 4 - N. glossopharyngeus; articulomylol~yoideus;g - .If. ~.ectuscupitis laternlis.
316 .
0 VASELE $I NERVII JONCTIUNII CERVICO-CEFALICE LA GISCA
VAISSEAUX ET NERFS D E LA JONCTION CERVICO-CEPHALIQUE D E L'OIE
VESSELS A N D NERVES OF CERVICO-CEPHALIC JUNCTION OF GOOSE
COCYAbI I1 HEPBbI IUEnHO-I'OXOBHOn OEJIACTLI I'YCSi
1 - N. glos~phargn,7eus;2 - Ggl. cervicale craniale; 3 - N . sinistra; 13 - A. occipitalis; 14 - A. ophthalmica exlerna ;

vayus; 4 - Connectivus crrroticus; 5 - Communicatio vago- 15 - A. carotis interna; 16 - A . canalis carotici; 17 - A.
glossopharyngea; 6 - N . accessorius; 7 - N . hypoglossus ; canalis glossopl~aryngei;18 - A. canalis vagi; 19 - R. occi-
8 - R. anastomvticus ggl. ceruicalis cranialis c u m connectivo pitalis a. ophthalmicae externae; 20 - V. occipitalis interna:
transverso ; 9 - A.v. vertebralis et connecticus transversus ; 21 - V. occipitalis externa.
10 - C,; 11 - A . carotis comrnunis; 12 - V . jugularis
VASELE $I NERVII DIN REGIUNEA PATRATO-MANDIBULARA LA RATA (FACIES LATERALIS)
+ VAISSEAUX ET NERFS DE LA REGION QUADRATO-MANDIBULAIRE DU CANARD
317 + VESSELS AND NERVES or Q u ' A D R A T O - ~ D I B U L A RREGION OF DUCK
+ c o c s H~ IIEPBLI
~ ~ B OEJIACTH MAHXHEYJISIPHO-IEBAHPATHOBKOCTH YTMH
-
A - 0 s q ~ a d r n f u m ;B 0 s pterggoideunz; C - Mandibula; dibularis ( V I I ) ; 7 - R. auricularis V I I ; S - iV. chorda
D - 0 s z;1gonzaticum; E - Fossa fgn~panoauricularis;1 - t y m p a n i ; 9 - A. carotis communis; 10 - A.1). auricularis;
Refe mirabile temporale ;2 - iV. martdibularis; 3 - N . rncrxil- 10' - Anastomosis a . auricularis cur11 rrti temporali ; 11 - A.
laris; 4 , 5 - N . opl~thalrnicussuperficinlis; G - iV. 11yoman- opl~thnln~icaexterna ; 12 - Columella auris.
+ VASELE $I NERVII DIN REGIUNEA PATRATO-MANDIBULARA LA RATA (FACIES MEDIALIS)
+ VAISSEAUX ET NERFS DE LA REGION QUADRATO-MANDIBULAIRE DU CANARD
318 + VESSELS AND NERVES OF THE $uADRATo-MANDIBuLAR REGION OF DUCK
+ COCY;ILI H IIEPBbI B OB,TACTII nlA4H,?IZI;YanPHO-ICBB4xPATIIOtlIEOCTH YTICH
externa; 6 - ,4. ~naxillaris;7 - 1'. facialis il!tcrnu; 8 - A.

~ ii - Mandibula; B - 0 s quadraturn; C - 0 s pterygoideunl;
1 - N . chorda tympani; 2 - N . mandibularis; 3 - N .
mylohyoideus; 4 - A. carotis externa: 5 - V . jugularis
auricularis ; 9 - V . auricularis ; 10 - V . fbcialis externa.
NERVII JONCTIUNII CERVICO-CEFALICE LA CURCA
NERFS DE LA JONCTION CERVICO-CEPHALIQUE D U DINDON
319 + NERVES OF CERVICO-CEPHALIC JUNCTION OF TURKEY
+ HEPBbI IUEf'iHO-I'OJIOBHOn OEJIACTM IIHAEBIEEI-CAMEEI
1 - LV. gloss~pharyngeus;2 - Ggl. ceruicale craniale; 3 - N. 10 - C,; 11 - A. carotis c o m m u n i s ; 12 - A. occipifillis;

uagus; 4 - Connecfiuus c-rroficus; 5 - Communicatio uago- 13 - A. carotis interna; 14 - A. opl~thalmica externa;
glossophnryngea; 6 - N . accessorius; 7 - N . hypoglossus; 15 - S i n u s foraminis occipitcrlis; 16 - 1'. occipitalis late-
8 - I?. anastornoticus ggl. ceruicalis cranialis c u m connectiuo ralis; 17 - *If. exfracolumellaris.
transverso ; 9 - Connectiuus transversus c f a.u. uertebralis ;
+ VASELE SI NERVII SUBBAZALI LA CURCA
320
** VAISSEAUX ET NERFS DE LA REGION SOUS-BASALE DU DINDON
VESSELS AND NERVES OUTSIDE OF SKULL-BASE OF TURKEY
+, HEPBbI II COCBJbI IIOJ OCHOBOfl q E P E I I A EIHjlE8EII-CAnlKM
! A - P l a n superficial; B - P l a n profund (icnaslomoza dintre V I I ,

I X $i s i m p a t i c ) .
i 1 - A. carolis communis ;2 - A. carotis externa ;3 - A. carolis inlerna ;

4 - A. occipitalis ;5 - A. ceruicalis superior; 6 - A. ~nusculocutanea;
7 - R. ceruicalis dorsalis ; 8 - A. laryngea ; 9 -
externi ; 10 -
meatus acusfici
T7. jugularis sinislra ; 11 - 1'. occipilalis; 12 - V.
musculi occipilomandibularis ; 13 - S. facialis ( r . Iiyoideus) ; 14 - S.
musculi occipilornandibnlaris; 15 - R a m i m . crltanei colli lateralis;
16, 17 - I i a n ~ i m . articrrlomylol~yoidei; 18 - K. comrnunicans crcrn
n . g1ossoj)haryngeo el s y n ~ p a t l ~ i c;oa - S. uagus ;h
- S. ylossoplrccryn-
geus; c - Ggl. cervicalc craniale; d - K . acccssorius.
NERVII FOSEI TIMPANO-AURICULABE LA CURCA
NERFS D E L A FOSSE TYMPANO-AURICULAIRE D U DINDON
321 NERVES OF TYMPANo-AuRICULAR F o s s A OF TURKEY
+ H E P B ~ ISAPAGAHHO-BIIIIIO~ $ 1 ~ 6 1HHAEBIEII-CA~IKII
A - 0 s ~ I I I X I ! : C:
~ UBI I-I Colrr~nclllrr culris; a - C l u / ~ e o l u;
s \ . I I ; 5 - LV. chordu t ! j ~ n / , a n i ;6 --- R. auricularis; 7 - R.
b - Processus extracolumellaris; c - Lig. colu~nellareposte- Ilyoideus 1-11; 8 - LV. uagus; 9 - N . glossopharyngeus;
rior ; d - Lig. Plathneri ; e - Lig. colrrmellare ascendens ; 10 - Ggl. ceruicale cranialc; 11 - N . sphenopalatinus; 12 -
f - Tando m. extracolumellari.~; 1 - AT. facialis ; 2 - AT. N. caroticocepl~alicus;13 - N. te~nporolacrin~alis.
hgo~nandibularis; 3 - N. palatinus V I I ; 4 - R. recrrrrens
+ VASELE $1 NERVPI FOSEI TIMPANO-AURICULARE LA CURCAN
VAISSEAUX ET NERFS DE LA FOSSE TYMPANO-AURICULAIRE DU DINDON
322 VESSELS AND NERVES OF TYMPANO-AURICULAR FOSSA OF TURKEY
C O C S J b I II HEPBLI BAPAGAHHO-YHIEIO~HMbI EIIIAEnKll-CAWA
I - A. o p h t h u l l n i c ~~~~ x l c r n (2/ ; -- 1'. u ~ ~ r inlcrna

is ; :$ - LV. 11. 12 - N. tcr~~porolacrimalis; 13 - H.
c/los.so~~l~uryngc.r,~o;
hyo111andibularis ( V I I ) ; 4 - A'. palalinus V I I ; 5 - A. auri'cularis 1.11; 14 - Af. eztracolumellaris; 15 - N . chorda
earotis internu; 6 - V. carotis; 7 - N . carotirocephalicus; t y m p a n i ; 16 - R. r e c ~ ~ r r e n1'11;
s 17 - Ggl. g e n i c u l a t u n ~ ;
8 - N . glossopharyngeus; 9 - N . uagus; 10 - Ggl. ceruicale 18 - Hecessus colurnellaris ; 1 9 - N . trigeminus ; 20 - N.
craniale; 11 - R. anaston~oticrts 11. le1nporolacrir:1ali.s c u m ophthrtln~icus sccperficialis; 21 - S i n u s foruminis occipitalis.
NERVII FOSEI TIMPANO-AURICULARE LA CURCA
NERFS DE LA FOSSE TYMPANO-AURICULAIRE D U DINDON
323 NERVES OF TYMPANO-AURICULAR FOSSA OF TURKEY
HEPBbI BAPAI;.&HHO-YIUHOn SiMbI IXHHEBKII-CABfIiti
A - Colurnella a u r i s ; a - Clupeolus; 11 - Processus c x t m - N . uagus; 9 - LV. glossoplfaryngeus; 10 - Gql. cervicale

colurnellaris; c - Lig. colurnellare posterior ; d - 1,ig. Plalh- craninlc ; 1 1 - N . .sphcnopalatinics ; 12 - N . caroiicocrphali-
n e r i ; e - I,iq. eolurncllare ascendens; f - Tendo m. cxlra- c u s ; 13 - N . lenfporolacrirnalis ; 1 4 - N . trigcminus; 15 -
columellaris; 1 - N . facialis; 2 - N . hyomandibularis; 4. ophthalmica externa; 16 - R. oceipitulis a . ophthalmieae
3 - N . palatinus V I I ; 4 - R. rccurrens 1'11; 5 - N . chorda externae; 17 - A. carotis interna.
t y m p a n i ; 6 - R. aurieularis; 7 - R. hyoideus 1'11; 8 -
324 4 COLUMELLA AURIS $I ET AND, N . CHOEDA TYMPANI
+ ( ' O L T I I E L L ~A ~ R I S11 IIEPR E . ~ P . ~ B A I ~ F CI T
OP~Y H M
\L- Gi5c.a co1nun8 / oic / goost! ryCh

a - Clupeolus; 11 - I'rocessus cxlracol~rrnellaris;c - Proces-
sus suprarolun~cllaris; d, d' - Lig. colurnellarc poslerior ;
c - Li!]. Plalhneri ;I - 'II. eztracolumellaris; 1 - N . hyoman-
dibularis ( T ' I I ) ; 2 - R. auricularis; 3 - N . chorda tym-
pnni ;
R - Gisca caruncrilal5 / l'oic chinoise / t h c Chinese goose
rycb ~ n ~ a i i c t f n i i
a - Columella n u r i s ; 1) - .?I. exlracolurnellaris; 1 - N . hyo-
mundibularis ( V I I ) ; 2 - R. auricularis; 3 - N . ehorda
fympani.
+ NERVII CRANIENI VII, IX, X, XI, XI1 $1 GANGLIONUL CERVICAL CRANIAL
+ NERFS CRANIENS VII, IX, X, XI, XI1 ET LE GANGLION CERVICAL CRANIAL
325 + CRANIAL NERVES VII, IX, X, XI, XII AND CRANIAL CERVICAL GANGLION
+,7, 9, 10, 11, 12 IiPAIHLIA,7bHbIE HEPBbI II K P 1 H L I A J l L H L I ~I I I E & ~ H M ~
~AHI'JIIII~
; 2 - 4 . meatus ucuslici extrrni ;

1 - IM. ertracol~~tnellaris 10' - Cot~~municatiooagohypoglossa; 11 - N . accessorius;
3 - A. musculi cxtracolumellaris; 4 - N. facialis (r. hyoi- 12 - N. hypoglossus; 13, 13' - N. spl~enopalalinus;14 - R.
deus) ; 5 - N. musculi cxtracolurnellaris; 6 - Ggl. cervicale anastornoticus cum n . glossopharyngeo et syrnpathico; 15 - A.
craniale ; 7 - Connectiuus caroticus ; 8 - N. vagus : 9 - N. carotis communis; 16 - A. carotis interna; 17 - A. occipi-
g~ossopharyngeus; 10 - Cornrnunicatio vagoglossopharyl~gea; talis ; 18 - A. c~rvicalissuperior.
4 N . CHORDA TYMPANI $1 N . CAROTICO-CEPHALICUS IN REGIUNEA PTERIGO-PALATINA LA CURCAN
+ CORDE DU TYMPAN ET NERF CAROTICO-CEPHALIQUE DANS LA REGION PTERYGO-PALATINE DU DINDON
326 + N. CHORDA TYMPANI AND N. CAROTICOCEPHALICUS IN THE PTERYGO-PALATINE BEGION OF TURKEY
+ HEPB BAPAEAHHOfl CTPYHbT II C O H H O - ~ E @ A . ~ I I ~ I E ~ IIEPB
I ; I I ~ B OE,'IACTEZ ICPbIJIO-HEEIIOn KOCTII
I5HJEflIcl.i
1 - AV. cl~orda tympani ; 2 - N. mandibularis; 3 - N. 9 - M . pferygomandibularis, pars aboralis; 10 - 111. occi-

caroticocephalicus ; 4 - M. quadrafomandibularis, pars pro- pifomandibularis ; 11 - -7f. rectus capitis lateralis; 12 - M .
funda ;5 - .VI. mandibulopalatinus ;6 - M . enlotyn~panicus; reefus capitis venlralis; 13 - V . jugularis dextra; 1.1 - V.
7 - A.11. [)alatina; 8 - M . pterygon~andibular.is,pars oralis; jugularis sinistra; 15 - Anastomosis transversa.
VASELE $I NERVII ARIPII LA CURCAN (FACIES DORSALIS)
VAISSEAUX ET NERFS DE L'AXLE DU DINDON
327 VESSELS AND NERVES OF WING OF TURKEY
COCYAbI II HEPBbI KPbIJIA IIHAEmIiH
n - Plexus brachialis ; b - .I. axillaris ; flexor tligiti s1cpcrfiric11i.s: 19 - d l . e x -

c - 1'. axilloris ; d - * I . thoracica e x - lensor corpi radialis proffufdfcs; 20 - 41.
terna dorsalis ; c - A. thol~acicu externc~ anconeus ~nedicrlis; 21, 22 - .\I. extensor
ucnlralis ; f , i K . l ~ r c ~ c h i a l idorsulis
-- ,~ ; cccrpi obliqucts ; 23 - 11l. ~ s t e ~ i s odigili
r
,
<r - V . braelrialis ; h - S. brachialis I I I lateralis ; 24 - !\I. e.r.tensor digiti 111
ventralis ; j -- R a m i mccscfclares ; 1 - S. medialis ; 25 - ,TI. estrlisor digiii I I I
ulnnris ; m - A.v. czlnuris ; n - A. ra- 6 - Claoirula ; 7 -- 0 s coracoides; 8 - hi. tensor patagii profundus ; 26 - 111. adductor digiti I I ;
dialis ; o - S. medianus ; 1 - hi. pec- longus ; 9 - M . biceps hrachii ; 10 - hl. iriceps bmchii ; 27 - .\I. extensor digiti 1 1 ;28 -- 144. fle-
loralis supcrficialis ; 2 - M . coracobra- 11 - A l . teres m a j o r ; 12
- M. obliquus externus abdominis; sor digiti 1 1 ; 20 -- -71. e.rtensor digiti I I I
cl~ialisdorsalis ; 3 -- $1. coracobrachialis 13 - M . extensor carpi radialis superficialis; 14 - M . breuis ; :I0 - interosseus uentmlis ;
externus ; 4 -111. coracobrachialis inter- pronator hreuis ; 15 - ill. pronaior longus; 16 - 1W . flexor 3 1 - LTI. flexor digiti 11. lon{qccs.
n u s ; 5 - :lrt. .scapulolfamerocoracoidea ; carpi ulnaris caudalis ;17 - 111. expansor secundarircln ;18-iM.
+ VASELE $I NERVII ARIPII LA CURCAN ( F A C I E S V E N T R A L I S )
+ VAISSEAUX ET NERFS DE L'AILE DU DINDON
328 + v E s s n s AND NERVES OF wmG OF TURKEY
+ COCYALI H HEPBbI ICPbIJIA HHAEmKH
a - il.0.n. bracllialis dorsalis; b, d - S.

radialis ; c - R a m i musculares ; e - V .
cutunea nlnaris ; 1 - M. patagialis ;2 - 16 - d l . extensor digiti 1 1 ; 17 - M .
)\.I. triceps brachii, caput dorsale; 3 -114. abductor digiti 1 1 ; 18 - 11.1. flexor metu-
triceps bracltii, caput medium ; 1 - M . carpi caudalis ; 19 - IM.extensor digiti
triceps braehii, caput uenirale ;5 - M . del- 8 - M . cxtcrisor curpi radialis superficialis ;9 - 1l.I. supinator I I I breuis ;20 - hl. interosseus dorsalis ;
toideus; 6 - 111. latissimus dorsi, pars breois ; 10 - M . extensor carpi radialis profundus; 11 - ;TI. 21 - M . interosseus ueritralis; 22 - M .
cranialis ; G' - M . latissimus dorsi, pars flexor diyiti I 1 et digiti I 1 1 ;12 - A!!. flexor metacarpi longus ; flexor digiti I V longus ;23 - M. abductor
caudalis ; 7 - 11.1. teres major el m . 1 3 - ill. anconeus lateralis ; 14 - M . extensor digiti 111 digiti I V proprius ; 24 - M. flexor c i
infraspinatus ; lateralis; 15 - M . flexor carpi ulnaris caudalis ; abducfor mefacarpi breuis.
PLEXUL LOMBO-SACRAL LA GAINA
PLEXUS LOMBO-SACRE D E L A POULE
329 LUMBO-SACRAL PLEXUS OF HEN
IIORCHH9IIO-RPECTUOnOE CII.rIETEHI.ZE I i Y P H U h I
1 - Plexus lurnbalis; 2, 3 - N . femoralis; 4 - N. obtura- glufeus superficialis, pars cranialis; c - M . sartorius; d - .?I.
torius; 5 - N . cutaneus femoris; 6 - N . saphenus; 7 - N . recfus femoris; e - M . vastus medialis; f - M . peclineus;
iliomuscularis; 8 - N . ilioinguinalis; 9 - N. iliohypogas- g - ,W.adductor m a g n u s ; h - M . gracilis; i - M . semi-
tricus; 10 - Plexus sacralis; 11 - Plexus pudendalis ; mernbrnnosns.
12 - Nn. cocygei; a - 3.1. obtf~rcctorius i n f e r r l ~ f s ;1) - .?I.
+ GANGLIONUL CERVICAL CRANIAL LA CURCAN
330 GANGLION CERVICAL CRANIAL DU DINDON
+ CRANIAL CERVICAL GANGLION OF TURKEY
+ ICPAHHAJIbHbIm IIIEmHbIn Y3EJI HHAEmKH
a - Ggl. cervicale craniale; b - N . ternporolacrirnalis; c, m - glossopharyngeus; 11 - Communicatio vagoglossopharyngea;

N. sphenopalatinus; d - Connectivus caroticus; e - R. anas- i - C,; j - A. occipitalis; k - R. anastomaticus n . temporo-
tontoticus c u m connccfioo transverso; f - N . vagus; g - N . lacrimalis c u m n . I X ; 1 - N . facialis (r. hyoideus).
+ SISTEMUL NEUROVEGETATIV TORACO-ABDOMINO-PmVm LA GAINA
+ SYSTEME NEURO-VEGETATIFTHORACICO-ABDOMINO-PELVIEN DE LA POULE
331 @ THORACO-ABDOMINO-PELVIC PARTS OF SYMPATHETIC SYSTEM OF HEN
+ HEPBHO-BEPETATEIBHAS CEICTEMA PPY JO-BPIOIUHO-TA30B08 OBJIACTH KYPEIUbI
1 - Esophagus ; 2 - Ingluuies ; 3 - Trachea ; 4 - Cor ; 5 - Hepar ; cardiacus; 32 - Ggl. parauertebrale ceruicale; 33 - Pars thoracica lrunci
6 - Ventriculus glandularis ;7 - Ventriculus muscularis ;8 - Duodenum ; sympathici ;34 - Ganglia celiaca ;35 - Nn. splanchnici n~ajores;36 - Ggl.
9 - Pancreas ;1 0 - Cecum ;11 - J e j u n u m ;12 - Rectum ;13 - Cloaca ; mesentericum craniale ; 37 -- Plexus celiacus ; 38 - Plextts ouaricus ;
14 - Ouiductus ; 15 - Ureter ; 16 - Ouarium ; 17 - A . carotis communis ; 39 - Plexus gastrici ; 40 - Ggl. parauertebrale lombosacrale ; 41 - Plexus
1 8 - A. subclauia ; 19 - A . costouertebralis ; 2 0 - Aorta descendens ; peluinus ; 42 - Plexus ouiductus ; 4 3 - AT. intestinalis ; 44 - S n . splan-
21 - A. celiaca ; 22 - A. mesenterica cranialis ;2 3 - V . portae ;24 - V . chnici minores ;45 - Plerus mesentericus cranialis ;46 - Plexus pancrea-
jugularis ; 25 - S. uagus ; 26 - Connectiuus caroticus ; 27, 28 - N. ticus ; 47 - Plexus renalis ; 48 - Plexus lombosacralis ; 49 - Plexus
recurrens ; 29 - Ggl. thoracicus uagi ; 30 - Plexus cardiacus ; 31 - Ggl. jejunalis; 5 0 - N. pudendus internus; 51 - Plexus lienalis.
+ SISTEMUL NEUROVEGETATIV TORACO-ABDOMINO-PELVIN LA RATA
SYSTEME NEURO-VEGETATIF THORACICO-ABDOMINO-PELVIEN DU CANARD
332 + THORACO-ABDOMINO-PELVIC PARTS OF SYMPATHETIC SYSTEM OF DUCK
HEPBHO-BEI'ETATHBHASI CHCTEMA rPYHO-BPH)IIIHO-TA30BOn OBJIACTEi
YTICEi
1 - Esophagus ; 2 - Trachea ; 3 - Cor ; 4 - Ventriculus glandularis ; 31 - Ggl. cardiacus ; 32 - Plexus cardiacus ; 33 - Rami sympathici
5 - Ventriculus muscularis ; 6 - Hepar ; 7 - Lien ; 8 - Duodenum ; cardiobronchopulmonales ;34 - N n . thoracales ;35 - Pars thoracica trunci
9 - Pancreas ; 10 - Cecum ; 11 - J e j u n u m ; 12 - Rectum ; 1 3 - Cloaca ; sympathiei ;36 - N n . splanchnici majores ;37 - N n . splanchnici minores ;
14 - Oviductus ; 15 - Ureter; 16 - Ovarium ; 17 - A. carotis cornmunis ; 38 - Plexus ovaricus; 39 - Ggl. plexus ovarici; 40 - Pars lumbalis
18 - A. subclauia ; 19 - A. pulmonalis; 20 - Aorta descendens; 21 - A. trunci sympathici ;41 - Plexus renalis ;42 - Plexus oviductus ;43 - N n .
celiaca ;22 - A. mesenterica cranialis ;23 - V . pulmonalis; 24 - V . cava pelvini ; 44 - N. intestinalis ; 45 - Plexus lumbosacralis ; 46 - Plexus
caudalis ; 25 - V . portae ; 26 - N . vagus sinister ; 27 - N . recurrens ; mesentericus cranialis ; 47, 49 - Plexus celiacus ; 48 - Plexus gastrici ;
28 - N. hypoglossus ; 20 - Ggl. thoracicum vagi ; 30 - N. vagus dexter; 50 - Ggl. mesentericu~ncraniale.
NERVUL INTESTINAL LA GAINA
NERF INTESTINAL DE LA POULE
333 @ INTESTINAL NERVE OF HEN
EEIIIIEYHbIm HEPB EYPHIIM
1 - Duodenum descendens ; 1' - Duodenum ascendens ; 2 - dendus internus; 14 - Ggl. nerui pudendi interni; 15 - Ggl.
Cecum; 3 - J e j u n u m ; 4 - Pancreas; 5 - I l e u m ; 6 - Rec- cloacale; 16 - Origo cranialis n. intestinalis; 17 - Pars
t u m ; 7 - Cloaca; 8 - Ureter; 9 - A. mesenterica cranialis; jejunalis n . intestinalis; 18 - Origo caudalis n. intestinalis;
10 - A. mesenterica caudalis; 11 - Plexus mesenfericus 19 - Ggl. nerui intestinalis ; 20 - V. mesenterica; 21 -Diuer-
cranialis; 12 - Plexus mesentericus caudalis; 13 - N . pu- t i c u l a m Cecum uitelli ( M e c k e l t ) .
335
.. PLEXUL CARDIO-BRONCHO-PULMONARLA GISCA
PLEXUS CARDIO-BRONCHO-PULMONAIRE DE L'OIE
CARDIO-BRONCHO-PULMONARY PLEXUS OF GOOSE
334
.. PLEXUL CARDIO-BRONHO-PULMONARLA GAINA
PLEXUS CARDIO-BRONCHO-PULMONAIRE DE LA POULE
CARDIO-BRONCHO-PULMONARY PLEXUS OF HEN
CEPHE9HO-EPOHXO-JIEI'OgHOE CIIJIETEHHE IEYPMIIbI
CEPAEYHO-EPOHXO-JIRI'OYHOE CIIJIETEHHE I'YCSI
1 - Pulmo ; 2 - Cor ; 3 - Esophagus ; 4 - Trachea ; 5 - A. carotis communis 1 - Pulmo ;2 - Cor ;3 - Esophagus ;4 - Trachea ;5 - GI. thyreoidea ;6 - A.
sinistra ; 6 - A. subclavia sinistra ; 7 - A . puln~onalis; 8 - Aorta descendens ; carotis communis ; 7 - A. subclavia sinistra ; 8 - A. pulmonalis ; 9 - Plexus
9 - V. jugularis sinistra ; 10 - V. uertebralis sinistra ; 11 - V. pulmonalis ; cardiacus ; 10 - V. jugularis sinistra ;11 - V. uertebralis ; 12 - V. pulmonalis ;
12 - V. cava caudalis ; 13 - 1V. uagus sinister; 14 - Ggl. n o d o s u m ; 15 - 12'. 13 - V. caua caudalis; 14 - N. vagus sinister; 15 - Ggl. n o d o s u m ; 16 - Ggl.
recurrens ; 16 - N n . sympatici cardiopulmonales ; 17 - Ggl. paravertebrale thora- paravertebrale cervicale ; 17 - Ggl. paravertebrale thoracale p r i m u m ; 18 - R a m i
tale primurn ; 18 - Ggl. paravertebrale thoracale secundum ; 19 - Ggl. cardiacus ; sympathici cardiopulmonales ;19 - R a m i sympathici cardiouasculares ;20 - Con-
r0 20 - N . hypoglossus ; 21 - Connectivus caroticus. nectivus caroticus ;21 - N. recurrens ;22 - N . hypoglossus ;23 - Ggl. cardiacus.
m
+ INERVATIA STOMACULUI, FICATULUI 81 SPLINEI LA GAINA (FACIES S I N I S T R A )
+ INNERVATION DE L'ESTOMAC, DU FOIE ET DE LA RATE CHEZ LA POULE
336 + I N N E R v a T I o N OF STOMACH, LIVER AND SPLEEN OF HEN
+ HHHEPBAqHJI XEJIYHKA, I I E 9 E H H H CEJIES~HKEIIEYPLZ41,I
1 - Esopl~agus;2 - 17entriculus glandu-

laris; 3 - 6cntriculus muscularis; 4 -
L i e n ; 5 - Hepar, lobus sinister; 6 -
Aorta descendens; 7 - A. celiaca ; 8 -
A . mcscnterica cranialis; 9 - A. gastrica
uentralis; 10 - AT. vayus sinister; 11 -
N . vayus dexter; 12 - N . splanchnicus
m a j o r ; 13 - Ggl. celiacum; 14-Plexus
celiacus.
+ INERVATIA STOMACULUI, FICATULUI $1 SPLINEI LA GAINA ( F A C I E S D E X T R A )

+ INNERVATION DE L'ESTOMAC, DU FOIE ET DE LA RATE CHEZ LA POULF;
332 + INNERVATION OF STOMACH, LIVER AND SPLEEN OF HEN
+ HHHEPBAUHSI XCEnYAMAv IIEYEHEI EI CEJIE3HHMEI IiYPIllIbl
1 - Esophagus; 2 - Ventriculus glandularls; 3 -

Ventriculus muscularis; 4 - Hepar, lobus dexter;
5 - Lien ; 6 - Aorta descendens; 7 - A . celiaca;
8 - A. mesenterica cranialis; 9 - N . vagus sinis-
ter; 10 - N . vagus dexter; 11 - N . splanchnicus
major; 12 - Ganglia celiaca ; 1 3 - Ggl. mesente-
ricum : 14 - Plexus celiacus.
+ PLEXURILE GASTRICE $I SPLENIC L A GISCA
+ PLEXUS GASTRIQUES ET SPLENIQUE DE L'OIE
338 GASTRIC A N D SPLENIC PLEXUSES OF GOOSE
+ CEJIEOIHOYIIOX IL >IiE,IYAOCIlfOE ClIJIETEHIlSi I'YCJX
PLEXIJRILE GASTRICE $1 HEPATIC L A GISCA -

r l l C I E S S I N I S T R A (dup5 Miclea, tez5, 1971)
+ PLEXUS GASTRIQUES ET HEPATIQUE DE L'OIE
339 + GASTRIC A N D HEPATIC PLEXUSES OF GOOSE
4 IlEYEHOgHOE 12 XCE.7YHOYHOE CIWETEHIISI
rycSi
1 - Esophagus; 3 - l'cntriculus glandularis; 3 -

\'entricnlus ~nuscularis; 4 - Hepar (lobus sinis-
t e r ) ; 5 - Aorta descendens; 6 - A. celiaca; 7 -
A. mesentcric:c cranialis; 8 - A. gastrica ventralis;
9 - N . vagus dexter; 10 - N . vagus sinister; 11 -
Ganglia celiaca ; 12 - Ggl. mesentericum craniale;
13 - Plexus celiacus; 14 - N . splanchnicus major.
340 .
+ I'LEXUL TESTICULAR SI DEFERENTIAL LA COCO$
+ PLEXUS TESTICULAIRE ET DEFERENTIEL DU COQ
TESTICULAR AND DEFERENTIAL PLEXUSES OF COCK
(dupB Miclea, tezB 1971)
+, CIIJIETEHHE CEMEHHEIICA H CEMSIBbIHOCSfIlIEI'O IEAHAJIA IIETYXA
1 - Testis ; 2 - Epididymis ;3 - Ductus deferens ; 4 - GI. suprarenalis ; suprarenalis ;14 - R . anastomoticus c u m ggl. celiacomesenterico ;15 - R a m i
5 - Cloaca ; 6 - Ureter ; 7 - A. pudenda communis ; 8 - A. pudendu plexus mesenterici cranialis ; 16 - N n . splanchnici minores ; 17 - R a m i
interna ; 9 - Ggl. testiculare ; 1 0 - N. pudendus communis ; 11 - K. plexus renalis; 1 8 - R a m i n . peluini.
pudendus internus ;12 - Ganglia n. pudendi interni ;13 - Ganglia plexus
341 . PLEXURILE OVARULUI, OVIDUCTULUI 81 RINICHIULUI LA GAINA
PLEXUS OVARIQUE, OVIDUCTAL ET RENAL DE LA POULE
OVARIAN, OVIDUCTAL AND RENAL PLEXUSES OF HEN
+ CIIZETEHIIE SIIIYHLIIEA, S ~ ~ I I E B O HIIA IIOYKH JiYP&lL(LI
1 - Ouariurn ; 2 - Infundibulum ; 3 - Uterus ; 4 - Rectum ; 5 - Lig. caudalis ; 11 - Plexus renalis, pars cranialis ; 12 - K n . pelvici ; 13 - S.
dorsale ;6 - Mesorectum ;7 - Ggl. plexus ouarici ; 8 - Plexus ouiductus ; pudendus internus ;14- 18 - Ganglia plexus ouiductus ;19 - Plexus uterl.
9 - Pars 1umbosac.ralis trunci n. sympathici; 10 - Plexus renalis, pars
PLEXURILE OVARULUI $1 OVIDUCTULUI LA RATA (dupP Miclea, tezP, 1971)
PLEXUS OVARIQUE ET OVIDUCTAL DE LA CANE
3d2 OVARIAN AND OVIDUCTAL PLEXUSES OF DUCK
4 CIIJIETEHHSI SIHgHHKA It SI%iUEBOaA YTIZLI
N . pudcrtdus internus; 10 - Ggl. nerui

I
pudendi t n t e r n i ; 11 - Ggl. plcxus om-
d u c t u s ; 12, 20 - Plexus ouiductus; 13 -
N n . pcluici ; 14 - Rarni viscerales nrt.
peluici; 15 - Ggl. parauertebrale lumbo-
sacrale; 16 - Ggl. plexus ouarici; 17 -
Ggl. cloacale p r i m u m ; 18 - N . intestina-
/ i s ;19 - Ggl. anale.
1 - Ouarium; 2 - Ooiductus; 3 - Cloa-

ca ; 4 - R e c t u m ; 5 - Zlreler ; 6 - A .
pudenda cornmunis ; 7 - A . pudenda in-
t e r n ~ ;8 - N . pudendus communis; 9 -
PLEXUL BURSO-CLOACAL LA GISCA

PLEXUS BURSO-CLOACAL DE L'OIE
343 BURSO-CLOACAL PLEXUS OF GOOSE
+ IZJIOAKAJIbHOE CIIJIETEHHE H CIIJIE-
TEHHE HQUIEJXa BAEPHUEIJI l'YC8
1 - Rectum ; 2 - Cloaca ; 3 - A n u s ; 4 - Bursa Fabricii ; 5 - Ureter ; 6 - A . /

mesenterica cranialis ; 7 - A. pudenda conlmunis ; 8 - A . pudenda interna ;
9 - N . intestinalis ; 10 - Plexus rnesentericus caudalis ; 11 - iV. pudcndus
communis ; 12 - S. pudendus internus ; 13 - Ggl. nervi intestinalis ; 14-17 -
Ganglia plexus cloacae; 18 - Ganglia n. pudendi interni.
ESTESIOLOGIE
ESTHESIOLOGIE
AESTHESIOLOGY
3CTE3MOJlOTMA
cb OCHIUL DE PASARE (dmpp8 Berndt Si Meise, 1959)
+ (EIL DE L'OESEAU
344 cb EYE OF BIRD
+ I'JIA3 IITIlUbI
1 - Corneu ; 2 - Sclera; 3 - Choroidea ; -1 - Retina ; 5 -

Corpus ciliare ; G - Iris ; 7 - Lens ; 8 - Protuberantia mar-
ginalis Ientis; 9 - Zonula ciliaris; 10 A n u l u s scleralis
-
osseus ; 11 - Processus ciliares ;12 - Lig. pectinatum anguli

iridocornealis; 13 - Camera anterior bulbi; 14 - Corpus
oitreum; 15 Pecten; 16 - N. opticus; 17 - Area cri-
brosa scler ae.
+ MUSCHII GLOBULUI OCULAR LA CURCA

+ MUSCLES DU GLOBE OCULAIRE DU DINDON
345 6 MUSCLES OF EYEBALL OF TURKEY
MbIIUqbI I'JIA3HOI'O Sll3JIOIEA MHAEIXIEIZ-ChMKH
a - M . pyramidalis; b - ill. quadratus; c - M . obliquus

dorsalis; d - M . rectus medialis; e - M . rectus dorsalis;
f - M . rectus lateralis; g - M . rectus ventralis; h - M.
obliquus ventralis; i - AT. opticus.
+ FOSA TIMPANO-AURICULARA LA CURCA
+ FOSSE TYMPANO-AURICULAIRE DU DINDON
346 + TYiwPANo-AURICULAR F o s s A OF TuRKEY
+ BAPAI;AIIHO-YIUHASI RMA IIHJE~ICBCAMKEI
a - Canalis facialis; b - Canalis caroticus; c - Foramen auris internae; h - Foramen orale u . auris internae; i -
n. glossopharyngei; d - Canalis n . palatini V Z I ; e - Fora- Foramen recessus fympanici posterioris; j - Fenesba vesfi-
men recessus fympanici anterioris; f-Foramen r. anasfomo- buli ; 1 - Fenesfra cochleae ; m - Foramen tympanicum
tici n. temporolacrimalis cum n . I X ; g - Foramen aborale u. Jhciale.
FOSA TIMPANO-AURICULARA LA GSSCA
347 I'OSSE TYMPANO-AURICULAIRE DE L'OIE
TYMPANO-AURICULAR FOSSA OF TURKEY
I;APA4BAHHO-YIlIHAR RMA I'YCSI
a - Canalis facialis; b - Canalis caroticus; d - Canalis n. palafini V 1 1 ; e - Foramen recessus fympanici

anterioris; h - Foramen orale v. auris internae; j - F c n ~ s f r ai~estibuli;1 - Fenestra cochleae;
m - Foramen f y m p a n i c u m faciale.
348
.
+ COLUMELLA AURIS LA GAINA $I IRIGATIA
+
ARTERIALA
IRRIGATION ARTERIELLE DE LA COLUMELLE AURICULAIRE DE LA POULE
ARTERIAL IRRIGATION OF AURICULAR COLUMELLA OF HEN
COLUMELLA AURIS $1 ICPOBOCHABZEHHE IEYPHIIbI
A - Facies l a t e r u ~ i s ;B - Facies dorsalis. dorsalis a. meatus acustici externi; 2 - Truncus a. columellaris et a. extra-
3 - Processus extracolumellaris ; b - Processus infracolumellaris ; c - Pro- columellaris dorsalis ;3 , 4 - A . columellaris ;5 - A. extracolumellaris dorsalis ;
cessus supracolumellaris ; d - Stapes ; e - Clupeolus ; f - Lig. Plathneri ; 6 - A . lig. Plathneri ; 7 - A. extracolumellaris ventralis ; 8 - Aa. lig. extra-
g - Lig. columellare posterior ; h - Lig. columellare ascendens ; i - Lig. coluntellare membranae tympani.
exlracolumellare membranae tympani ;j - Tendo m . extracolumellaris ;1 - R.
2
SPAT1IL.E AUXILIARE ALE URECHII MEDII LA CURCAN
ESPACES AUXILIAIRES DE L'OREILLE MOYENNE DU DINDON
349 AUXILIARY SPACES OF MIDDLE EAR OF TURKEY
RCIIOMOr4TEJIhEIbIE YACTIZ C P E J H E F O YXA EZH,[b:I1IiI1
1 - Recessus tyinpanicus superior ; 2 - Recessus fympanicus Canalis semicircularis posterior ; c - Canalis semicircularis
posterior ; 3 - Recessus tympanicus anterior ; 4 - Sinzzs lateralis ; d - Processus postorbitalis ossis frontalis; e -
proc. postorbitalis ossis frontalis; 5 - S i n u s preoticus; 6 - Canalis caroticus; f - T u b a auditiua; g - Canalis ophthal-
S i n u s occipitalis ; a - Canalis semicircularis anterior ; b - micus.
LABIRINTUL OSOS $I CANALELE VASCULO-NERVOASE TEMPORALE LA CURCAN
e LABYRINTHE OSSEUX ET CANAUX VASCULO-NERVEUX TEMPORAUX DU DINDON
351 BONY LABYRINTH AND TEMPORAL VASCULO-NERVOUS CHANNELS OF TURKEY
ICOCTHbIm JIAEHPHHT Ia COOYAHCTO-HEPBHbIEECAHAJIbI BHC09HO6i YACTIi HHAEnIiH
A - Facies ~nedialis; B - Facies lateralis n . glossopliaryngei ; 5 - Canalis n . palatini V I I ; 6,6' - Foramina rccessus
a - Canalis semicircularis anterior ; h - Canalis semicircu1ari.s lateralis ; tgmpanici superioris; 7 , 7' - Foramina recessus fympanici posterioris;
c - Canalis semicircularis posterior; d - Lagena (cochlea) ; 1 - Cana7is 8 - Tuba auditiua.
ophthalmicus ; 2 - Canalis caroticus ; 3 - Canalis n . uagi ; 4 - Canalis
352
..DISTRIBUTIA FOLICULILOR PLUMIFERI LA GAINA
DISTRLBUTION DES FOLLICULES PLUMEUX CHEZ
LA POULE
DISTRIBUTION OF HEN'S FEATHER PAPILLAE
PACIIPEAEJIEHHE CYMOK OIIEPEHHSF KYPH4bI
1 - Ptcryla capitis; 2 - Pleryla co!li; 3 - Pterila

spinalis; 4 - Pteryla a l a r i s ; 5 - Pteryla uenlralis
(pectoralis et abdominalis) ; 6 - Pteryla femoralis;
7 - Pteryla cruralis; 8 - Pteryla caudae; 9 - Glan-
dula uropygii.
353
..
STRUCTURA PENELOR CU TIJA
STRUCTURE DES PLUMES AVEC TIGE
STRUCTURE OF QUILL FEATHERS
CTPOEHlXE IIEPbEB BMECTE CO CTBOJIOM
I - P a n 5 cu lama intreagi ; 11-Pan5 semipufoasj;

I11 - P a n 5 pufoas5.
1 - Calarnus; 2 - Rac11is; 1 $ 2 - S c a p u s ; 3 -
Umbilicus inlcrior ;4 - Umbilicus superior ;5 - R a m i
interni; 6 - Sulcus rachis; 7 - R a m i c u m radis
(partea pufoas5 a penei) ; 7' - Pan5 suplimentaril ;
8 - R a m i externi.
354
.. TIPURILE DE PENE LA GAINA
PLUMES DE LA POULE
FEATHERS OF HEN
THIIbI IIEPbEB ECYPHUbI
A, R , - Rectri ces caudae (rectrice) ; C -Remix primarius

(rcmigi primarc) ; D - Remix secundarius; E -- Lancetta
(lantetc) ; F, G - Tectrices (tectrice) ; H - PIu,ma (fulg) ;
I - Penna plumosa (pan5 pufoasi) ; J - PILrma tenuis
356
..PENAJUL L A COCO$
PLUMES D U COQ
FEATHERS OF COCK
+ OIlEPEHElE l l E T Y X A
1 - Remiges primarii; 2 - Remiges secun-
darii ; 3 - Remix axialis ; 4 - Alula ;
5 - Tectrices alae ; 6 - Rectrices caudae
(seceri mari) ; 6' - Reetrides caudae (seceri
mici) ; 7 - Reetrices caudae (rectrice cauda-
le) ; 8 - Lancettae (lanrete de pe crupion) ;
9 - Lancettae ceruicales.
355 .
4 REPARTITIA REMIGELOR
iREPARTITION DES REMIGES
DISTRIBUTION OF REMIGES
a - Rerniges primarii; b - Remiges secundarii; c - Remix axialis;

d - Alula.
+ PICIORUL L A PASARI
+ PIED DES OISEAUX
357 FOOT OF BIRDS
+ JIAIIA IITEIII
A - Aspect medial a1 piciorului de rat5 ; U - Aspect medial a1 piciorului d e a - Squarr~ire corneae tarsornetafarsalcs , b - 1)igllus I ; b' - Uigilus 11'; C -
gain5 ; C - Aspect plantar a1 piciorului de gaini. JIembrnrla irlterdigifalis ; d - Unguicula ; c - Torrrs f~~efatarsalis; f - Torcrli
digctales . - Calcar (pinten).
GLANDELE ENDOCRINE I
I GLANDES ENDOCRINES
ENDOCRINE GLANDS
+ VASELE SI NERVII GLANDELOR TIROIDA $I PARATIROIDA LA GPSCA
358
+ VAISSEAUX ET NERFS DES GLANDES THYROIDE ET PARATHYROIDE DE L'OIE
VESSELS A N D NERVFJS OF THYROID A N D PARATHYROID GLANDS OF GOOSE
COCYAbI I* HEPBbI lUHTOBHjlHOI1 H IIAPAIQEITOBHAHOl4 XiEJlg3 I'YCSI
A - Facics dorsalis; B - Facies ocntralis. media ; 5' - A. cerviculis n ~ c d i a; 6 - A. thyroidcci cranialis ; 7 - A. esoplfagcti
a - T r a c h e a ; a' - L a r y n x caudclis ( s . s y r i n x ) ; b - Esoplrrigus; c - Gl. ascendens; 8 - V . t h ~ r o i d e ac a u d a l i s ; 9 - 1'. thyroidea crcrrlialis ; 10 - N .
thyroidea ; d - GI. paratlryroidea ; 1 - A. carotis cornrnunis d e r t r a ; 2 - A . recurrens ; 11 - N . uagus; 12 - 1'. j u g u l a r i s ; 13 - A.u. subclauia d ~ x t r a;
thyroidea caudalis ; 3 - Aorta ; 4 - A. fraheosyringobronchica ;5 - .4.ihyroidcn 11 - A . uerfebralis; 15 - A. parrithyroidea; 16 - R r . csophagei.
359 .
9
VASELE GLANDELOR TIROIDA $1 PARATIROID.4 LA RATA ( F A C I E S M E D I A L I S )
VAISSEAUX DES GLANDES THYROrDE E T PARATHYROIDE DE LA CANE
VESSELS OF THYROID AND PARATHYROID GLANDS OF DUCK
COCYlbI IUHTOBHXHOI%li I I i P \IQHTOBIZ;IIIOI1 X E J I a 8 YTECLl
.-2- GI. thyroidea; B - GI. pa-

rathyroidea; l - A. carotis cool-
m u n i s ; 2 - A. thyroidea caudalis;
3 - A. thyroidea cartdalis acceso-
ria ;3,5' - A u . thyroideae mediae;
6 - A. thyroidea cranialis; 7 -
A. csophagea ascendens; 9 - V.
thyroidea cranialis; 12 - 1'. jrrgu-
laris.
3b0
.+ VASELE 91 NERVII GLANDELOR TIROIDA 91 PARATIROIDA LA ILATOI ( F A C I E S LATERALIS)
VAISSEAUX ET NERFS DES GLANDES THYROIDE ET PARATHYROIDE DU CANARD
VESSELS AND NERVES OF THYROID AND PARATHYROFD GLANDS OF A DRAKE
+ COCYALl I.1 HEPLILI lU1ITOUHfiIIOB I4 I I A P A ~ E ~ T O B XCEJl@il
L ~ ~ ~ ~CEJlE8HSi
~ O ~
a - I o b u s thyrnicus caudalis; h -
Gl. thyroidea; c - GI. parathyroidea;
d - Esophagus ; e - Bulla tyrnpa-
niforrnis; 1 - A. carotis cornrnunis;
2 - A. fhyroidea cartdalis; 3 - A.
thyroidea caudalis accesoria; 4 - A.
tracheosyringobronchica ; 5,s' - A a .
thyroideae mediae; 6 - A. thyroidea
cranialis; 7 - A. esophagea ascen-
d e n s ; 8 - B. thyroidea caudalis; 8' -
V . parathyroidea; 8" - V . syringo-
bronchica ;9 - V . thyroidea cranialis ;
10 - N . recurrens; 11 - N . vagus;
12 - V . jugularis; 13 - R a m u s thy-
micus.
0 ,TIMUSUL LA PUIUL DE GAINA DE PATRU LUNI
6 THYMUS DE POUSSIN DE QUATRE MOIS
361 4 THYMUS OF A FOUR-MONTH-OLD CHICKEN
+ THkIYC r ~ XVECJI~HOI'O
~ ~~ b I I I J Ib~ I I l C , L ~ ~
4 TIMUSUL LA COCOSUL DE UN AN
THYMUS DU COQ D'UN AN
362 + THYMUS OF A ONE-YWR-OLD COCK
4 T H M Y C l'OAOBAJIOI'0 IIETYXA
363
.
+ TIMUSUL LA OISCA
THYMUS DE L'OIE
T H w w u s OF GOOSE
4 THMYC rYCB
364
.. VASCULARIZATIA UNUI LOB TIMIC
VASCULARISATION D'UN LOBE THYMIQUE
VASCULARISATION OF A THYMIC LOBE
BACEYJISfPH3AUHR AOJIH THMSTCA
a - A . esophagen asccndens; b - V. jugularis ;c - 1'0. timicae ; cl - Aa. timicae.

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llcdactor : ECATEHISA GHICA
Tehnoredactor : SONIA BARZEANU
i i u n d e l i p a r 17.11.1976. T i r a j 3750 e x . Hirlie tiprrr

cl~cilt ilustrtriii 5 4 x 8 4 de SO g / m 2 . F o r m a l 8 / 5 4 x 8 J .
"c!i de t i p a r 3 7 . C . Z . penlru biblioleci m a r i : 6 1 9 . 6 : 6 1 1
( 0 8 4 . 4 ) . C.Z. p e r ~ t r ubiblioleci m i c i : 6 1 9 . 6 : 6 1 1 .
cd. 225 I. P. INFORMATIA

str. Brezoianu nr. 23-25,
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V.

ST. CHITESCU V. COTOFAN A. HILLEBRAND

EDITURA ACADEMIEI REPUBLIC11 SOCIALISTE ROMANIA

Prefajci / Avant-propos / Preface/ Beedenue. . . . . . . 7

.. RATA (ANAS DOMESTICA)

1 - 0 s incisiuum ; 2 - Xares ; 3 - 0 s nasale ; 4 - 0 s lacrimale ;

1 - Digitus Z Z Z ; 2 - Digitus I V ; 3 - 0 s melacarpnlc Z V ;

A - Mandibula; B - Dentalc; C - Su-

+ CAPUL OSOS LA CUR- (FACIES DORSALIS)

a - 0 s supraoccipitale ; a' - 0 s exoccipitale ; b - 0 s parietale ;

a' - 0 s exoccipitale; a" - Condylus occipitalis; a"' - Fossa

+ CAPUL OSOS LA GBCA (FACIES LATERALIS)

orbitalis; e - Processus orbitalis aboralis; f - 0 s fron- nella ; z - Processus temporalis.

a - 0 s supraoccipilale ; h - 0 s parietale ;d - 0 s quadralum;

+ CAPUL OSOS LA GISCA (FACIES VENTRALIS)

A - Mandibula ; B - Dentale ; C - Supraangulare ; D - Articulare ;

a - 0 s supraoccipitale; b - 0 s parietale; e - Processus

a' - 0 s cxoccipitale; a" - Condylus occipitalis; a"' - Fossa

4 CXPUL OSOS DE PORUMBEL

1 - Facics lateralis; 2 - Facics dorsalis; 3 - Facies vclltralis.

A - curcan ; B - glscg. f - Foramen caroticum el foramen jugulare; g - Foramen

+ CAVITATEA CRANIANA (FACIES V E N T R A L I S )

A - curcan ; B - glscH men opticurn ;g - Foramen olfactorium; g' - Foramen ethmoi-

a - Foramen n. uagi; b - Foramen aborale canalis

+ HIAl'UL CAROTICO-JUGU!LAR L A GISCA

a - Foramen n . uagi; b - Foramen aborale canalis

a - Foramen recessus tympantci supenoris ;

+ FOSA TIMPANO-A-IC-A LA GfSCA

a - Foramen recrssus tympanici superioris ; b -

Fossa metotiea : a - Foramen orale canalis n . vagi ; b -

Fossa metotica: a - Foramen orale canalis n. vagi ; b - Foramen

1 - Processus spinoszts; 2 - Proces-

A - glsc5 ; B - curcan. terminalis caudalis ; h - Incisura vertebralis caudalis ; i -

a - Processus spinosus ; b- Processus articularis cranialis ;

a - Processus articularis cranialis; b - Processus articularis g - Foramen accessorium; h - Processus costarius; i - I

A - Facies dorsalis; B - Facies ven-

A - Facies dorsalis ; B - Facies venlralis.

4 - li'acies dorsalis; B - Facies ventra-

a - Processus spinosus ; b - Processus transversus ; c -

+ VERTEBRELE TORACALE LA CURCAN (FACIES L A T E R A L I S )

a - Processus spinosus; b - Proces-

a - Processus spinosus; b - Proces-

..VERTEBRELE TORACALE LA PORUUMBEZ (FACIES LATERALIS)

a - Processus spinosus; b - Processus transuersus; c -

a - Crista sterni ; a' - Processus ca-

+ STEIRNUL LA G&NA ( F A C I E S DORSALIS)

a" - Processus xiphoideus; b - Processus episterna-

a - Episternum; b - Processus costalis; c - Processus tho-

cessus episternalis ventralis ;c - Sulcus articularis ;d - Pro-

b - Processus episternalis dorsalis; b" - Processus epislcr-

.. STERNUL LA RATA (FACIES L A T E R A L I S )

a - Cristn sterni; a' - Processus ca-

b - Proccssus episfernalis dorsalis; b" - Processus cpister-

a - 0 s coracoides; b - Scapula ; c - Clauicula;

a - Margo dorsalis; b - Margo uentralis; c - Facics Iate-

A - curcan ; B - @ins ; C - po-

A - Facies cranialis; B - Facies lateralis.

A - Facies cranialis; B - Facies lateralis.

+ ROLUL CENTURII SCAPULARE I N TIMPUL ZBORULUI