In the post-Cold War era, the term 'National Security' has acquired broader

connotations. In the 21st century, 'National Security' extends beyond

relying simply on hard power means. It includes non-traditional security
challenges in order to ensure comprehensive national security.

Pakistan, for quite some time has also been facing a host of non-
The Institute of Strategic Studies, Islamabad traditional security challenges that have seriously impacted its
cordially invites you to a National Seminar development, growth, economic progress, as well as political stability.
These non-traditional security challenges including environmental
degradation, food and water scarcity and unprecedented population
on explosion merit urgent attention before they spiral out of control, posing a
threat to the survival and development of Pakistan.

The Institute of Strategic Studies, Islamabad (ISSI) considers that

Non-Traditional Security Pakistan’s regional and internal security environment is complex and
Challenges to Pakistan complicated. In the given context, there is a need to identify these non-
traditional challenges along with the traditional challenges and also
develop a strategy that would enable Pakistan's policy makers and opinion
leaders to optimally confront and neutralize these challenges.
Wednesday, March 28, 2018 The seminar will bring together a core group of experts and officials in
at 0945 hours order to put together concrete recommendations in this regard. The
recommendations will culminate into a national level strategic framework
for Pakistan to timely deal with these non-traditional security threats.

Pakistan’s state institutions have largely remained focused on

maintaining stable law and order situation amidst fog of unprecedented
internal and external threats. Moreover, like other South Asian countries,
Inside Pakistan has also been facing a number of non-traditional security
challenges that have seriously impacted its development, growth,
Venue: Concept Paper R.S.V.P
economic and political stability. Pakistan has been identified as one of the
Marriott Hotel (Crystal Program of Event M. Taimur Fahad Khan
Ball Room), Islamabad 0346-5382617 most vulnerable countries to environmental degradation, especially when
Bios of Speakers
faced with the adverse implications of global climate change.
 Session 1: Environmental Degradation
In Pakistan, low-probability and high-impact events such as earthquakes,
floods, droughts, storms and cyclones have been increasing in frequency,
inflicting unbearable human and financial losses. The case in point being the Pakistan, unlike its other Asian neighbours, is particularly vulnerable to
earthquake of 2005 that caused approximately 0.1 million deaths, made 3.5 climate change, as its socio-economic fabric is largely agrarian, which
million people homeless and incurred $5.2 billion financial losses; and the makes it highly climate sensitive. Pakistan is ranked at 8th position in the
floods of 2010 that wreaked havoc affecting 20 million people. Climate index of most affected countries by the effects of climate on the Climate
change and variations in precipitation patterns also affect agricultural Risk Index 1992-2011. Pakistan can mitigate the adverse effects of natural
production, exacerbating food shortages. Food scarcity is an issue that is disasters through early warning systems, technological advances in
being predicted to be one of the most important problems that will be faced building and infrastructure construction, improved sanitation systems,
by the states in the future. Dwindling fresh water resources has led many increased disaster preparedness, and having an effective emergency
scholars to speculate inter-state ‘water-wars’ in not too distant future. response strategy. Expanding and enhancing the information and
knowledge base on climate change, as well as mapping vulnerabilities, can
Pakistan’s large population and high growth rate adversely affect all help create adaptive measures for reducing the effects of climate change.
aspects of society, the economy and the environment. Population growth
creates and exacerbates vulnerabilities by endangering basic civic amenities, Apropos in view, carry out an appraisal of domestic, regional and
leading to scarcity of food, clean water, space for housing and infrastructure, global factors contributing to environmental degradation with a view to
unbridled urbanization and ultimately burdening the state and the society. proffer input for futuristic policy formulation to meet the challenges of
Ideally the non-traditional challenges require trans-border regional environmental degradation and to make Pakistan a sustainable, thriving
cooperative strategies, however our hostile neighbourhood further heightens and prosperous state.
our challenges. These non-traditional issues can have very serious
consequences for the security, stability and the peaceful development of the
country in the near future.

Objectives:
1) Map the existing narratives on Non-traditional Security challenges
to Pakistan, accounting for all dimensions and perspectives.
2) Analyze the response to Non-traditional Security challenges,
and determine how pragmatic and relevant they are within the
context of Pakistan.
3) Produce policy relevant recommendations by bringing together
a core group of experts and officials specialising in Non-
traditional security sphere.
 Apropos in view, carry out an appraisal of the factors affecting food security
Session 2: Population Explosion in Pakistan with a view to suggest a holistic approach to make Pakistan a
sustainable, thriving and prosperous state.
Population explosion and resultant unbridled, unchecked and unplanned
urbanization is clearly a major issue afflicting Pakistan. Large population
and high growth rate adversely affect all aspects of society, the economy, Session 4: Water Security
and the environment. Population growth creates and exacerbates
vulnerabilities by endangering basic civic amenities, leading to food
shortages, dwindling clean water resources and space for housing, and Water security is the most serious challenge for Pakistan due to several
ultimately burdening the state and the society. Pakistan has the highest factors, particularly the increasing pressure of population and
urbanization rate in the South Asian region, and the process of urbanization, massive expansion of tube-well irrigation, reduced levels of
urbanization is characterised by sharp socio-cultural and geo-physical precipitation caused by climate change, and the accelerated retreat of
diversities. Here, as with many other developing countries, most Himalayan glaciers. Pakistan receives less the average rainfall in the
population growth happens in areas that are below the poverty line, and world, therefore, the Indus River System which is the lifeline for Pakistan
survive in a subsistence economy, living in disaster prone areas. has been severely affected. However, the political, economic, and
technological management of water resources has been woeful because of
Apropos in view, carry out an appraisal of the efficacy of policy the lack of consensus on the construction of mega projects. According to
measures undertaken thus far to regulate population growth with a view to the World Bank, Pakistan is moving from a water stressed country to a
suggest a pragmatic approach suitable for our socio-cultural milieu. water scarce country. From agricultural purposes to power generation;
from domestic use to industrial purposes, the water resources have been
used extensively without enough management on sustainable grounds.
Session 3: Food Security Recently, Pakistan’s eastern neighbour has adopted an extremely hostile
posture, linking cooperation on Indus Water Treaty with situation in
Occupied Kashmir. If not amicably resolved, this would further aggravate
Growth in agricultural productivity has broadly kept pace with
the water security issue.
accelerating food demand in the country. However, medium-term food
security challenges will become far more daunting if immediate attention
Apropos in view, carry out an appraisal of the inland and trans-border
is not paid to managing water resources, both underground and in the
factors affecting water security in Pakistan with a view to suggest a viable
Indus Basin river system. Due to scarcity of irrigation water, the farmers
policy to make Pakistan a sustainable, thriving and prosperous state.
are shifting cultivation from water intensive crops like rice, wheat, cotton
and sugarcane (staple food) to low water intensive crops and vegetables,
thus putting pressure on food market. Moreover, the crops yield is
declining due to evaporation and sever temperatures during long summer
season. Food insecurity is a major hindrance to social and economic
development of the country and needs critical scientific inquiry, and idea
of viewing this issue in terms of climate change carries with it a
multipronged strategy to address the issue seriously.
 Seminar Programme SESSION II: POPULATION EXPLOSION
Chair: Mrs. Saira Afzal Tarar: - Federal Minister for National
Health Services, Regulations and Coordination
INAUGURAL SESSION 1210 hrs: Population Explosion and its Challenges to
Pakistan's National Security
0945 hrs: Registration
Dr. Asma Hyder Baloch - Member Social Sector and
1000 hrs: Recitation from the Holy Quran Devolution, MPDR
1005 hrs: Welcome and Introductory Remarks - Ambassador 1225 hrs: Pakistan's Growing Population: Measures for
Khalid Mahmood, Chairman ISSI Exploiting the Youth Bulge
1015 hrs: Address by Lt. Gen. (R) Nasser Khan Janjua, National Ms. Puruesh Chaudhary - Founder/President, AGAHI
Security Advisor of Pakistan
1240 hrs: Meeting the Challenges of Population Growth in
1030 hrs: Tea Break Pakistan: Suggestions and Recommendations
Dr. Zeba Sathar - Country Director, Population Council
SESSION I: ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION Pakistan (PCP)
Chair: Ms. Romina Khurshid Alam - Parliamentary Secretary 1255 hrs: Q&A
for Climate Change 1315 hrs: Concluding remarks by the chair
1100 hrs: Identifying the Environmental Challenges facing 1320-1420 hrs: Lunch Break
Pakistan
Dr. Ghulam Rasul - DG, PMD
1115 hrs: The Impacts of Environmental Degradation on SESSION III: FOOD SECURITY
Pakistan: Implications for National Security Chair: Mr. Javed Jabbar - Former Senator and Federal Minister
Mr. Javed Ali Khan - Country Head, UN Habitat 1420 hrs: Factors contributing to Growing Food Insecurity in
Pakistan Pakistan
1130 hrs: Overcoming Environmental Challenges: Mr. Basharat Ahmed Saeed - Water Resources
Recommendations and Future Discourse for Pakistan Specialist, World Bank (WB) Pakistan
Dr. Abid Qayyum Suleri - Executive Director, SDPI 1435 hrs: The Current State of Pakistan’s Agricultural
1145 hrs: Q&A Economy
1200 hrs: Concluding Remarks by the Chair Dr. Yusuf Zafar - Chairman Pakistan Agricultural
Research Council (PARC)
1450 hrs: Overcoming Food Insecurity in Pakistan: Future Chief Guest
Challenges and Coping Strategies
Honourable Lt. Gen. (R) Nasser Khan Janjua
Dr. Iqrar Ahmad Khan - Vice Chancellor, University of National Security Advisor of Pakistan
Agriculture, Faisalabad
1505 hrs: Q&A
1525 hrs: Concluding Remarks by the Chair

SESSION IV: WATER SECURITY

Chair: Lt. Gen. (R) Muzammil Hussain - Chairman, WAPDA

1530 hrs: Water Security: Emerging Challenges and Threats

for Pakistan

Dr. Qamar Uz Zaman Chaudhry - International Climate Honourable Lt. Gen. (R) Nasser Khan Janjua, is the current National
Change Specialist, Asian Development Bank Security Advisor of Pakistan. Previously, he served as National Security
Advisor of Pakistan (NSA) from October 23, 2015 to July 28, 2017. Lt.
1545 hrs: The Nexus Between Pakistan’s Depleting Water Gen. (R) Nasser Khan Janjua, is a retired three star rank army general. He
Resources and its National Security commanded the XII Corps in Quetta and briefly tenured as the President
Mr. Ahmer Bilal Soofi - President, RSIL of the National Defence University, Islamabad (NDU) in 2012.
1600 hrs: Enhancing Pakistan's Water Resources:
In his last position as Commander Southern Command, he played a
Recommendations and Suggestions vital role, in eradicating extremism, militancy, terrorism and insurgency.
Dr. Khalid Mohtadullah - Senior Advisor, Global Water In addition to distinguished Command assignments, he has also been,
Partnership (GWP) Chief of Staff of a Strike Corps, Director Military Operations, Chief of
1615 hrs: Q&A Staff of Southern Command, and Vice Chief of the General Staff. In
recognition of his meritorious services, Chief of Army Staff and Prime
1635 hrs: Concluding Remarks by the Chair Minister of Pakistan have collectively chosen General Nasser Janjua as
1640 hrs: Tea Break National Security Advisor.
 Chairman Board of Governors & Director General SESSION I:
Institute of Strategic Studies Islamabad (ISSI) Environmental Degradation

Ambassador Khalid Mahmood Ms. Romina Khurshid Alam (Session Chair)

Parliamentary Secretary for Climate Change

Ms. Romina is a Member National Assembly, and

currently serving as the Parliamentary Secretary for
Climate Change. Besides that, Ms. Romina is also the
Coordinator PM Youth Laptop Scheme, and Media
Coordinator Young Parliamentarians Forum. She is
also a member of many organizations like Federal
Think Tank for Climate Change, Nursing Council;
National Institute of Health & Women Caucus. At the
international level, she is serving as Convener of
Philippines and Singapore, Coordinator of Netherland, Sweden and France
Ambassador Khalid Mahmood is Chairman Board of Governors & Friendship Groups and Ambassador of South Asian Physicians and Surgeons
Director General, Institute of Strategic Studies, Islamabad (ISSI). He is Academy. Her achievements include that of successfully completed National
also member of the Asian Regional Forum (ARF) Experts and Eminent Security Workshop 2015 and National Media Workshop - 5.
Persons Group, member Economic Cooperation Organisation (ECO)
Eminent Persons Group, President Islamabad Council of World Affairs
(ICWA) and Course Director at the Foreign Service Academy, Islamabad. Dr. Ghulam Rasul
Director General, Pakistan Meteorological Department (PMD)
Ambassador Khalid Mahmood is a former Ambassador of Pakistan to
China, Saudi Arabia, Iran, Iraq and Mongolia. He has served as Deputy Dr. Ghulam Rasul is Permanent Representative of
Permanent Representative of Pakistan to the United Nations, New York and Pakistan with World Meteorological Organization
as Additional Secretary at the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Islamabad. He is (WMO) and has also served as the Vice-President
also Former Permanent Representative of Pakistan to the Organisation of of the Asia-Pacific Region. Due to keen
Islamic Cooperation (OIC) and the Economic Cooperation organisation involvement in research he won SAARC Best
(ECO) and member UN Peace- Building Fund Advisory Group, New York. Young Scientist Award in 1993 and later the Senior
Scientist International Award in 2007.
He is a former President of the Institute of Regional Studies Islamabad,
ex-President, Association of Former Ambassadors of Pakistan and former
member Board of Governors, Islamabad Policy Research Institute (IPRI).
Mr. Javed Ali Khan SESSION 2:
Country Head, United Nations Habitat Organisation
Population Explosion
Mr. Jawed Ali Khan is an eminent development
consultant, with expertise in areas such as climate Mrs. Saira Afzal Tarar (Session Chair)
change, urban development, socio-economic issues, Federal Minister for National Health Services, Regulations and
migration, and others. To his credit are numerous Coordination (MNHSRC)
milestones including the formation of National
Climate Change Policy, National Environment Mrs. Saira Afzal Tarar is Federal Minister for
Policy, National Sanitation Policy, National Drinking National Health Services, Regulations and
Water Policy, National Human Settlement Policy, Coordination in the Federal Government of
National Sustainable Development Policy (draft). Pakistan. Hailing from a well-known political
Moreover, he has served as a National Focal Point for family of Pakistan’s largest province Punjab, she is
UNFCCC, UN-Habitat, UNEP, UNCSD and UNESCAP for more than ten a seasoned parliamentarian having been elected
years and has represented Pakistan at various international and national twice to the National Assembly (2008-2013 and
technical expert groups and committees. 2013-2018).

Dr. Abid Qayyum Suleri Dr. Asma Hyder Baloch

Executive Director, Sustainable Development Policy Institute (SDPI) Member Social Sector and Devolution, Ministry of Planning, Development
and Reforms (MPDR)
Dr. Abid Qayyum Suleri is the member of different
policy making forums/advisory boards, including Dr. Baloch is a Member Social Sector at Ministry of
National Economic Advisory Council; National Planning, Development and Reforms. She has an
Advisory Committee of Planning Commission of extensive experience in research, academia and
Pakistan; Climate Change Commission formed by public sector. She served as an Associate Professor
Lahore High Court to ensure implementation of at Institute of Business Administration, Karachi
National Climate Change Policy; and Education (IBA), National University of Sciences &
Testing Council of Higher Education Commission Technology, Islamabad (NUST) and as an Assistant
of Pakistan, among others. Professor at Karachi School of Business and
Leadership. She received J. William Fulbright
Award for International Understanding,
Distinguished Faculty Award and Mega I.T Fund Award. She was also a
Research Fellow at University of Sussex, the London School of
Economics and Political Science and University of Pennsylvania.
Ms. Puruesh Chaudhary
Founder/President, AGAHI
SESSION 3:
Food Security
Ms. Puruesh Chaudhary is a futures researcher and
strategic narrative professional. She has been
Mr. Javed Jabbar (Session Chair)
Distinguished Fellow at the Institute of Strategic
Former Senator and Federal Minister
Studies Islamabad (ISSI). Her work mostly
involves futures research, knowledge-collaborations
Mr. Javed Jabbar is a former Senator and Federal
and content intelligence within the framework of
Minister of Pakistan, he takes an active interest in diverse
human security. She has worked with multilateral
fields including international affairs, voluntary work for
donors and aid agencies, news organizations and
rural and urban development, the environment, social
multinationals in advancing development efforts in
issues and mass media. As Federal Minister, he has
Pakistan. She has a professional master’s degree in
drafted several progressive laws and policies for
International Negotiation and Policymaking from Institute De Hautes
development and reform in different fields, including the
Études Internationales Et Du Développement, Geneva.
PEMRA Ordinance 2000-2002. The Human Rights
Society of Pakistan presented him with a Gold Medal in
May 2008 for outstanding voluntary public service.
Dr. Zeba Sathar
Country Director, Population Council Pakistan (PCP)
Mr. Basharat Ahmed Saeed
Water Resources Specialist, World Bank (WB) Pakistan
Dr. Zeba Sathar directs the Population Council’s
office in Islamabad, Pakistan, overseeing technical
Mr. Basharat Ahmed Saeed works at World Bank
assistance and capacity building, social science
Pakistan as Water Resources Specialist. Before
research, and population and demographic dividend
joining WB, he has served at LEAD Pakistan as a
research that informs national policy discussions and
Team Lead towards Vision 2047. He has also under
developments. She also represents the Council
taken professional research and project management
through advisory meetings with government officials
assignments with many renowned organisations such
in Pakistan. She attainted her PhD in Medical
as Lahore University of Management Sciences
Demography from London School of Hygiene and
(LUMS), Princeton University, International Growth
Tropical Medicine in 1982. She has contributed to
Centre and Government of Azad State of Jammu and
more than 22 books and has about 42 publications to her name.
Kashmir (AJK) in his diverse career of more than 6
years,. Mr. Basharat received his master degree in International Relations
from the University of Sussex and an undergraduate degree with honors
from LUMS. He has also attended the prestigious Oxford Adaptation
Academy in 2014.
Dr. Yusuf Zafar
Chairman, Pakistan Agricultural Research Council (PARC)
SESSION 4:
Water Security
Dr. Zafar is a prominent internationally renowned
Pakistani scientist having over 35 years of experience
Lt. Gen. (R) Muzammil Hussain (Session Chair)
in Agri-biotechnology research in Pakistan. Prior to
Chairman, Water and Power Development Authority (WAPDA)
joining PARC he was serving in International Atomic
Energy Agency (IAEA), Vienna. He has also served General Hussain has assumed the charge as
as Minister (Technical) Permanent Mission of Chairman WAPDA on August 24, 2016. He joined
Pakistan to the IAEA Vienna from 2012-2014. He Pakistan Army in 1976 and graduated with
attained his PhD in Bio Sciences from Quaid-i-Azam distinction from Pakistan Military Academy (PMA).
University Islamabad, Hanover University Germany. He underwent his grooming in an Infantry
He has over 200 research publications in scientific Battalion. He has been employed on exalted
papers in national and international journals including books. positions in Interior Sindh and Gulf War - 1 in
Saudi Arabia. He also attended different courses in
France and Indonesia. He served as Defence
Dr. Iqrar Ahmad Khan Attache in Jakarta, instructor in Army Command and Staff College,
Vice Chancellor, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad (UAF) Quetta and Chief Instructor as a brigadier. He commanded an Infantry
brigade, prestigious Force Command Northern Areas (FCNA) Division in
Dr. Iqrar has an extensive and diverse experience Gilgit Baltistan and 30 Corps Gujranwala.
in academia, research and administration.
Currently, he is Vice Chancellor, University of
Agriculture, Faisalabad. He has been assigned an Dr. Qamar Uz Zaman Chaudhry
additional charge of Vice Chancellor Office, International Climate Change Specialist, Asian Development Bank (ADB)
Muhammad Nawaz Sharif University of
Agriculture (MNSUA), Multan. He attained his Dr. Chaudhry is a climate scientist and associated
PhD from the University of California, Riverside, with the UN-World Meteorological Organisation,
US. He was instrumental in developing first as a Member of Executive Council and then
regional/international mango research program Vice President of the Asia Region since 2003. He
and discovering new varieties of wheat. He is also is currently working with ADB as International
an author of hundreds of publications which include five books and climate Change Specialist. He is the lead author of
several book chapters. Pakistan’s first National Climate Change Policy,
2012 and the Framework for Implementation of
Climate Change Policy (2014 – 2030). He has
contributed to more than 60 research papers in
national and international journals, conferences and forums.
Mr. Ahmer Bilal Soofi NOTES
President, Research Society of International Law (RSIL)

Mr. Soofi is founding President of the RSIL and the

Senior Partner of well-reputed law firm ABS & Co.
He served as Federal Minister for Law and Justice,
Parliamentary Affairs and Human Rights, in the
caretaker government in 2013. He represents
Pakistan as an expert in matters of international law
and provides legal counsel before the International
Court of Justice (ICJ) and International Centre for
Settlement of Investment Disputes (ICSID). He was
elected as a Member Advisory Council of United Nations Human Rights
Council for three years (2011 – 2014).

Dr. Khalid Mohtadullah

Senior Advisor, Global Water Partnership (GWP)

Mr. Mohtadullah is a civil engineer with vast

experience in water resources policy, strategy,
institutional development, planning, project
preparation, research, implementation and
management. He possesses an advanced degree and
diploma in engineering and management from
Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), USA
and the Harvard Business School, (HBS) USA
respectively. He retired as Managing Director and
Member WAPDA. He remained Director of Research
and Deputy Director General at International Water Management Institute
(IWMI). He has served as the Executive Secretary of GWP in Stockholm,
Sweden.