PLASTIC SHREDDING MACHINE

ABSTRACT

This paper describes about the experimentation of can or plastic bottle shredder machine
and analysis of mechanism used in machine. Plastic shredder is a machine used for cutting the
plastic in small pieces to make waste management easier. We are making this project model
for recycling of plastic wastage in domestic area, industries etc. In these areas the plastic waste
is present in large quantity, but the available machines used to recycle this waste are very costly.
They packs this waste and give them to the local processing plants. So the process of packaging
and transporting is much costly. So our intension behind this project is to process the plastic
waste as cheap as possible by shredding where it is made for reducing cost of processing and
transportation. Benefit of this machine is the reduction of labour work which results in cost
reduction.
Keywords: Plastic waste, Design, Modification, Industrial application, Analysis, Deflection,
Materials, Material Properties, Strengths, Stresses

1|Page TEXTILE AND ENGINEERING INSTITUTE.

PLASTIC SHREDDING MACHINE

CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

Plastics are synthetic organic materials produced by polymerization. They are typically of
high molecular mass, and may contain other substances besides polymers to improve
performance and or reduce costs. These polymers can be moulded or extruded into desired
shapes.
There are two main types of plastics first is “thermoplastics” and other one is
“thermosetting” polymers. Thermoplastics can repeatedly soften and melt if enough heat is
applied and hardened on cooling, so that they can be made into new plastics products. Examples
are polyethylene, polystyrene and polyvinyl chloride, among others. Thermosets or
thermosetting can melt and take shape only once. They are not suitable for repeated heat
treatments; therefore after they have solidified, they stay solid. Examples are phenol
formaldehyde and urea formaldehyde. Prior to their conversion into fuel resources, waste
plastics are subject to various methods of pre-treatment to facilitate the smooth and efficient
treatment during the subsequent conversion process. Depending on their structures (e.g. rigid,
films, sheets or expanded (foamed) material) the pre-treatment equipment used for each type
of plastic (crushing or shredding) is often different.
1.1. Modification in shredding machine:
First generation of shredders: - Most of the first generation of the transmission mechanism is
driven by a belt with low noise.
Second generation of shredders: - Plastic gear rolls, because it is difficult to master injection
and shrinking process accurately of the shredder machine, resulting in the low accuracy of the
gear itself.
Third generation shredders: - Metal sprocket: quiet operation, low energy loss, efficient cutting,
and the perfect coordination of the various components of the system achieve the compelling
features.
Fourth generation of shredder machine. The drive mechanism of shredder machine is the metal
gear, although the metal gear so overcome the above drawbacks, it is difficult to avoid the
impact of the metal gear and friction sound.
Fifth generation of shredder:- Diamond snug movement, it takes use of alloy steel materials,
quenching process of metal tool, completely CNC machining technology, and the
workmanship guarantee transmission installation accuracy.
Sixth generation of shredders (modern):- Currently, the high-tech multimedia high series
grinder has the high technology content which can be used to broken CD-ROM, floppy disk,
tape, video, etc. and the embedded button panel with a protective film ensure the function of
the way forward, rewind, stop, and full stop. In the modern world, we pay attention to care for
the quality of life

2|Page TEXTILE AND ENGINEERING INSTITUTE.

PLASTIC SHREDDING MACHINE

1.2. How it works?

We have seen, plastic disposables, dirty and used plastics, plastic toys, bottles, containers and
many others, which people stopped using and trashed due to breakage, old fashioned and many
other reasons. Throwing them in a dustbin is not only a solution and it doesn’t mean it can’t be
used further. As these plastics are reusable and can be easily mould, as per the way you like,
thus, accumulating the same by big industries, helping to clean our environment as well as
cutting down the expenses. Once these wastes have been accumulated, they directly go to these
creative and efficient shredders and rest of the work it performs very well.
Shredders contain dual or many hex shafts and various knife designs, once it starts working,
these shafts and knives reconfigured the plastic wastes in the desired output.

3|Page TEXTILE AND ENGINEERING INSTITUTE.

PLASTIC SHREDDING MACHINE

CHAPTER 2

LITERATURE SURVEY

1. Garrett C. Fitzgerald
Sustainable waste management of post-recycling municipal solid wastes (MSW) is an
important component in the ‘green’ movement toward a cleaner, environmentally-
conscious society. Waste-to-Energy (WTE) power plants have potential to significantly
reduce the amount of landfilled refuse while producing a carbon neutral form of heat and
power, However, ; the average capital investment for a new WTE facility ranges from
$7,500 to $9,000 per installed kW of capacity, nearly three times that of coal fire power
plants. There exists a need to considerably reduce the cost of such facilities in order to bring
them into the mainstream of solid waste management. This report examines how size-
reduction and homogenization of the raw MSW stream can potentially improve WTE
operating characteristics while decreasing capital investments.
Chemical rate and heat transfer theories indicate that the productivity of a moving grate
WTE boiler should be enhanced by means of pre-shredding the MSW, thus reducing the
average particle size, homogenizing the feed, and increasing its bulk density by an
estimated 30%. Smaller particle sizes enhance reaction kinetics and flame propagation
speed, due to the higher surface to volume ratio, and thus lower the amount of combustion
air needed to meet the required combustion rates. Minimizing the primary combustion air
supply rate lowers the total amount of flue gases and can result in decreased costs of the
Air Pollution Control system. Smaller and more homogeneous particles increase bed
mixing coefficients and reduce retention time required for complete combustion. The
benefits realized through the pre-processing of MSW by means of modern shredding
equipment were evaluated quantitatively both for the traditional High-Speed, Low-torque
(HSLT) hammer mills and the new generation of LSHT shear shredders. The shearing
mechanism utilized in these low rpm devices produce a more uniform particle distribution
at a lower energy cost per ton MSW processed than hammer mills of the same capacity.
The integration of size reduction systems into the typical flow sheet of WTE facilities
has been hindered by the high frequency of fires, explosions, and ejected material from
hammer mill grinders. The low shaft speed of the shear shredders has reduced the
occurrence of fires and explosions while nearly eliminating ejected materials, allowing for
safer and more reliable adaptation into new and existing WTE facilities.
The most important criterion in the adoption of pre-shredding MSW for grate combustion
will require that economic and energy benefits of pre-shredding be clearly greater than the
conventional operation of combusting as received MSW. At an average WTE electrical
production of 650 kWh per metric ton of MSW processed, the required 3-11 kWh/ton for
LSHT devices is less than 2% and should be more than accounted for by improved
combustion efficiency in the WTE plant. The addition of a shredding system in a medium
sized WTE plant will increase the O&M from current costs by roughly 10%, not including
the benefit of lower maintenance due to improved distribution of thermal stresses on the
grate and in the boiler. Finally, for the capital cost of a new WTE facility in the range of
$8000 per kW of capacity, the initial investment in shredding and fuel handling equipment

4|Page TEXTILE AND ENGINEERING INSTITUTE.

PLASTIC SHREDDING MACHINE

will increase capital costs by about 2% from current values. It should be determined on a
case-by-case basis whether the addition of pre-shredding equipment may increase capacity
and decrease maintenance sufficiently to cover capital and operational costs as well as
lower overall cost of operating the facility.

2. CONVERTING WASTE PLASTICS INTO A RESOURCE

Economic growth and changing consumption and production patterns are resulting into rapid
increase in generation of waste plastics in the world. In Asia and the Pacific, as well as many
other developing regions, plastic consumption has increased much more than the world average
due to rapid urbanization and economic development. The world’s annual consumption of
plastic materials has increased from around 5 million tonnes in the 1950s to nearly 100 million
tonnes; thus, 20 times more plastic is produced today than 50 years ago. This implies that on
the one hand, more resources are being used to meet the increased demand of plastic, and on
the other hand, more plastic waste is being generated. Due to the increase in generation, waste
plastics are becoming a major stream in solid waste. After food waste and paper waste, plastic
waste is the major constitute of municipal and industrial waste in cities. Even the cities with
low economic growth have started producing more plastic waste due to plastic packaging,
plastic shopping bags, PET bottles and other goods/appliances using plastic as the major
component. This increase has turned into a major challenge for local authorities, responsible
for solid waste management and sanitation. Due to lack of integrated solid waste management,
most of the plastic waste is neither collected properly nor disposed of in appropriate manner to
avoid its negative impacts on environment and public health and waste plastics are causing
littering and chocking of sewerage system. On the other hand, plastic waste recycling can
provide an opportunity to collect and dispose of plastic waste in the most environmental
friendly way and it can be converted into a resource. This resource conservation goal is very
important for most of the national and local governments, where rapid industrialization and
economic development is putting a lot of pressure on natural resources. Some of the developed
countries have already established commercial level resource recovery from waste plastics.

3. Lahiri K. K., Jena, Kapila K

All Blood Banks, Diagnostic Pathology and Microbiology Laboratories generate

significant amounts of Bio-medical Waste (BMW), which poses a serious hazard to the
clientele, community and environment at large. Microbiology waste (category 3) generated in
the form of specimens, culture plates and tubes, stock cultures, antibiotic sensitivity plates etc.,
have the highest potential to spread infection and therefore they need the utmost care in their
disposal by autoclaving/ chemical treatment/ microwaving or incineration. Amongst waste
sharps the issue of 1% hypochlorite being inefficient in decontaminating blood containing
hypodermic needles, autoclaving puncture proof needle containers before sending them to

5|Page TEXTILE AND ENGINEERING INSTITUTE.

PLASTIC SHREDDING MACHINE

needle pits and capping of vacutainer needles, need to be reviewed. The other issues that will
be discussed are incineration of Formalin fixed anatomical waste, since they release toxic gases
and autoclaving of discarded/infected blood units in blood banks Liquid waste and effluent
management need more serious deliberations. Segregation of waste at source and a sound
scientific basis for appropriate disposal of laboratory generated bio-medical waste are the key
steps in the management of waste in laboratory Medicine.

4. Employees of a Teaching Hospital in Rural Area

Hospital waste creates hazards in form of transmission of diseases, environmental pollution
etc. Proper disposal of hospital waste therefore has become very important. Manpower forms
a critical limiting factor in the efficiency of system of proper hospital waste management.
Understanding employee’s awareness about biomedical waste management is essential for
developing a strategy for its proper disposal. Present study was carried out in a teaching
hospital using pretested proforma. Total 331 employees participated in the study. When the
knowledge regarding general information of Biomedical Waste was assessed the average score
was highest in medical staff (4.46), followed by paramedical staff (4.02) and least in non-
medical staff (3.45). However when the practical knowledge was assessed the average score
was maximum in paramedical staff (3.46) followed by medical staff (2.97) and least in non-
medical staff (2.35). The attitude of medical employees about biomedical waste management
was more positive than paramedical employees. To improve, firstly the medical staff should be
more involved in waste management system and secondly importance of this subject should be
emphasized on everyone concerned. This would be by creating awareness about biomedical
waste management amongst public, patients and hospital staff.

5. Vishal N. Kshirsagar

This paper describes about the experimentation of can or plastic bottle crusher machine and
analysis of mechanism used in machine. Hence in this the knowledge of analysis is necessary,
and by analysis of various parts the quality and life of machine can be increased and improved.
Overall, for experimentation this machine involves processes like design, fabrication, analysis
and assembling of different components etc. From this the knowledge of all the parameters like
design, fabrication and analysis etc. will get increase but most important the knowledge of
analysis, the use of Ansys-Workbench Software is increasing day by day to determine the
parameters like stress, strain, deflection etc. for safe design and long durability.

6|Page TEXTILE AND ENGINEERING INSTITUTE.

PLASTIC SHREDDING MACHINE

CHAPTER 3

PLASTIC SHREDDER: - SIZE REDUCTION TECHNOLOGY

Figure No. 1:- plastic shredding machine.

Shredding and size reduction of MSW is most commonly utilized in the materials recovery
sector of integrated solid waste management, i.e. recycling. Historically the major benefits of
size reduction are threefold. First, shredding the bulk waste stream breaks the raw MSW into
its basic components by tearing and breaking open paper, plastic, and glass containers such that
material recovery and separation will be more effective. Secondly, shredding the MSW reduces
the average particle size to a more workable size that can be better handled by any subsequent
processing equipment or personnel. Lastly, and most importantly for material recovery
facilities (MRF’s), shredding produces different size distributions for the different material
components of MSW, allowing for automated material separation such as air classifiers,
screens and optical sorters.

7|Page TEXTILE AND ENGINEERING INSTITUTE.

PLASTIC SHREDDING MACHINE

Table 1:- Stress – Strain properties of some MSW components.

Ultimate Ultimate strain Rupture energy

Material Type of container
strength ( psi) (in. /in.) (ft.-lb./ in^3)

Steel 12 oz. Can, beverage 82000 0.005 9.4

Aluminium 12 oz. Can, beverage 31000 0.012 26.5

Cardboard Box, laundry detergent 6400 0.025 8.3

Paper Bag, brown paper 4000 0.025 5.1

Plastic, PVC Bottle, liquid soap 4000-5000 0.36-0.06 111-19

Plastic, PE Bottle, shampoo 1000 0.8-0.9 56-66

Above table demonstrates well the variance in strength and ductility of common materials
comprising MSW. Due to this composition variance the brute force method of size reduction
can lead to undesired imbalances in the size reduction of different materials.

8|Page TEXTILE AND ENGINEERING INSTITUTE.

PLASTIC SHREDDING MACHINE

CHAPTER 4

TYPES OF SHREDDING MACHINE

Many devices capable of material size reduction are available on the market ranging from
automobile shredders, which are able to process almost anything, to granulators and paper
shredders that can process only relatively soft materials. There are two prominent categories of
shredders used in the management of MSW; high-speed, low-torque (HSLT) hammer mills and
low-speed, high-torque (LSHT) shear shredders.
Low torque shredders such as the top fed horizontal hammer mill utilize high speed rotating
shafts (700-1200 rpm) that are equipped with fixed or pinned hammers used to crush the
incoming material. The principal difference between these machines and the LSHT devices is
that hammer mills rely almost entirely on impact and abrasive forces to smash the refuse into
smaller particles. Figure 12 shows an axial cross section of the rotating shaft and hammer, this
drawing highlights the impact forces used in these machines to size reduce the refuse. It is
important to notice that the hammer mills do not have tight tolerances between the hammers
and cutting or sizing bars; this is because size reduction is primarily a result of the hammer
smashing the MSW. Due to their reliance on impact force, hammer mills are generally more
effective in processing brittle materials and can have problems with rags and stringy materials
which can wrap around the shaft and cause overloading and disruption of the operation
The HSLT shredders have specific energy consumptions ranging from 6-22 kWh/ton
depending on the characteristic size of the shredded refuse and the material composition. A
study by Trezek on MSW size reduction has shown that the specific energy consumption of a
hammer mill can be optimized by lowering the rotor speed by 25%. In this test, when the rotor
speed was reduced from 1200 to 790 rpm, there was a 26 % reduction in power consumption
for an equivalent amount of MSW processed on a per ton basis. The reason for this can be
attributed to the fact that up to 20 % of a HSLT devices power is used to overcome bearing
friction and wind age of the rotor. If the machine is not loaded properly and consistently, a
large fraction of the energy is used in idle spinning of the rotor. The speed of the rotor plays a
significant role in rotor windage and internal pressure in the shredding compartment.
1.3. Size of shredder
The size and geometry of a shredder is quite important when developing an efficient integrated
system. The goal of MSW size reduction is to increase productivity and decrease capital cost
of a WTE facility. The footprint of such facilities will have significant ties to the overall cost
of constructing a new plant. If shredders are to be effective in improving the WTE process they
will need to be compact and smoothly integrated into the existing waste handling system.

9|Page TEXTILE AND ENGINEERING INSTITUTE.

PLASTIC SHREDDING MACHINE

CHAPTER 5

EFFECT DUE TO SIZE REDUCTION OF PLASTIC

Figure 2: MSW Particle Size Distribution

The figure above represents the distribution of raw MSW particle sizes and demonstrates well
the mean particle size along with the wide range of particle found in MSW streams. The particle
size of raw MSW ranges from 10 to 600 mm while hammer mill grinded MSW ranges from
less than 0.1 mm up to a maximum of 150 mm. The reason for this increase in particle size
range is due to the shredding of soft materials and the shattering of brittle materials such as
glass and ceramics when a HSLT device is used. Shredding is required in RDF type WTE
facilities because different materials tend to break in to distinctive size ranges allowing for
easier sorting and recovery. The overall effect of shredding tends to reduce particle size
between 3 to 4 times and with an average size of 100 mm minus, depending on feed
composition, rotor speed and sizing bars. Of course, decreasing the particle size of combustible
materials increases the surface to volume ratio, thus allowing for quicker heat and mass transfer
and combustion rates; therefore, the feed rate of shredded material per unit surface area of the
grate should be greater than that with “as received” MSW.

10 | P a g e TEXTILE AND ENGINEERING INSTITUTE.

PLASTIC SHREDDING MACHINE

MSW streams are inherently non-homogeneous leading to varying ranges of heating values.
The effectiveness of combustion and pollution control can be improved if the heating value of
a fuel is more uniform and known more precisely. The daily variability of raw MSW is 36 %
and 37 % for moisture and ash, respectively. Between 70% and 80 % of the composition
variability is within the same day. This indicates that the daily variability of MSW is mainly a
function of and moisture content rather than combustible content and that the bulk combustible
content of MSW is surprisingly homogenous. Much of the heterogeneous nature of MSW
comes from that fact that the producer has bagged their waste. The bag to bag variability is
high and if bags are not broken prior to incineration the composition mixing of the MSW stream
will be relatively low. Shredding or grinding of MSW acts as both a bag breaker and a pre-
mixer so the variability of processed MSW is much lower than that of as received bagged
MSW.
Finally, the passage of primary air through a packed bed of shredded MSW should encounter
a greater pressure drop, on the average, and thus the drying, volatilization, and combustion
phenomena through the bed should be more intense and evenly distributed. The primary air
can also be decreased due to the increased homogeneity of heating values and particle size
coupled with improved reaction kinetics

11 | P a g e TEXTILE AND ENGINEERING INSTITUTE.

PLASTIC SHREDDING MACHINE

CHAPTER 6
STRENGTH OF PLASTIC MATERIAL
We conducted tensile test to check strength of material with two different
specimens
1. Specimen: - Bisleri bottle
EPET in its natural state is a colourless, semi crystalline resin. Based on how it is processed,
PET can be semirigid to rigid, and it is very lightweight
Specification
IUPAC name: - Poly(ethyl benzene1,4dicarboxylate)
Abbreviations: - PET, PETE
Chemical formula: - (C10H8O4)n
Density: - 1.38 g/cm3 (20 °C)
Amorphous: - 1.370 g/cm3,
Single crystal: - 1.455 g/cm3
Young's modulus (E):- 2800–3100MPa
Tensile strength (σt):-55–75 MPa

Figure 3:- Graph extension Vs. load.

12 | P a g e TEXTILE AND ENGINEERING INSTITUTE.

PLASTIC SHREDDING MACHINE

Table 2:- specification of specimen I

Extension at Maximum Tensile strain at
Maximum Load
Load Maximum Load
(kgf)
(mm) (%)
1 93.08 11.15 22.30
Mean 93.08 11.15 22.30
Standard Deviation ----- ----- -----
Coefficient of Variation ----- ----- -----

6. Specimen: - saline bottle

Polyvinyl chloride, more correctly but unusually poly(vinyl chloride), commonly abbreviated
PVC, is the third most widely produced synthetic plastic polymer, after polyethylene and
polypropylene.
Specification
IUPAC name: - poly(1chloroethylene)

Abbreviations: - PVC

Chemical formula: - (C2H3Cl)n

Elongation at break:- 20–40%

Density [g/cm3]:- 1.1–1.35
Thermal conductivity [W/(m·K)]:- 28 0.14–0.17
Yield strength [psi]:- 1450–3600
Young's modulus [psi]:- 490,000
Flexural strength (yield) [psi]:- 10,500
Compression strength [psi]:- 9500

13 | P a g e TEXTILE AND ENGINEERING INSTITUTE.

PLASTIC SHREDDING MACHINE

Figure 4:- Graph extension Vs. load

Table 3:- specification of specimen II

Extension at Tensile strain at
Maximum Maximum
Maximum
Load Load
Load
(kgf) (%)
(mm)
1 33.60 270.38 540.77

2 21.36 100.02 200.03

Mean 27.48 185.20 370.40

Standard Deviation 8.66 120.47 240.93

Coefficient of Variation 31.51 65.05 65.05

14 | P a g e TEXTILE AND ENGINEERING INSTITUTE.

PLASTIC SHREDDING MACHINE

CHAPTER 7
DESIGN OF PLASTIC SHREDDER PROTOTYPE
Table 4: - Design of plastic shredder machine

Single shaft
Machine type
shredder

Cutting zone approx. mm 150*150

Knife-length Mm 127

LxWxH
Dimensions 180*180
mm

Weight Kg 450

Shaft [length] Mm 508

Bearing Model serial No. 6207ZZ

15 | P a g e TEXTILE AND ENGINEERING INSTITUTE.

PLASTIC SHREDDING MACHINE

2. BEARING SPECIFICATION
Table 5:- Specification of bearing.

16 | P a g e TEXTILE AND ENGINEERING INSTITUTE.

PLASTIC SHREDDING MACHINE

Figure 5:- Schematic diagram of bearing

17 | P a g e TEXTILE AND ENGINEERING INSTITUTE.

PLASTIC SHREDDING MACHINE

CHAPTER 8

TREATMENT ON PLASTIC

1. INCINERATION
Incineration is a waste treatment process that involves the combustion of organic substances
contained in waste materials. Incineration and other high-temperature waste treatment systems
are described as "thermal treatment". Incineration of waste materials converts the waste into
ash, flue gas, and heat. The ash is mostly formed by the inorganic constituents of the waste,
and may take the form of solid lumps or particulates carried by the flue gas. The flue gases
must be cleaned of gaseous and particulate pollutants before they are dispersed into the
atmosphere. In some cases, the heat generated by incineration can be used to generate electric
power.

Incineration with energy recovery is one of several waste-to-energy (WtE) technologies such
as gasification, pyrolysis and anaerobic digestion. While incineration and gasification
technologies are similar in principle, the energy product from incineration is high-temperature
heat whereas combustible gas is often the main energy product from gasification. Incineration
and gasification may also be implemented without energy and materials recovery.

In several countries, there are still concerns from experts and local communities about the
environmental impact of incinerators (see arguments against incineration).

In some countries, incinerators built just a few decades ago often did not include a materials
separation to remove hazardous, bulky or recyclable materials before combustion. These
facilities tended to risk the health of the plant workers and the local environment due to
inadequate levels of gas cleaning and combustion process control. Most of these facilities did
not generate electricity.

Incinerators reduce the solid mass of the original waste by 80–85% and the volume (already
compressed somewhat in garbage trucks) by 95–96%, depending on composition and degree
of recovery of materials such as metals from the ash for recycling. This means that while
incineration does not completely replace landfilling, it significantly reduces the necessary
volume for disposal. Garbage trucks often reduce the volume of waste in a built-in compressor
before delivery to the incinerator. Alternatively, at landfills, the volume of the uncompressed
garbage can be reduced by approximately 70% [citation needed] by using a stationary steel

18 | P a g e TEXTILE AND ENGINEERING INSTITUTE.

PLASTIC SHREDDING MACHINE

compressor, albeit with a significant energy cost. In many countries, simpler waste compaction
is a common practice for compaction at landfills.

Incineration has particularly strong benefits for the treatment of certain waste types in niche
areas such as clinical wastes and certain hazardous wastes where pathogens and toxins can be
destroyed by high temperatures. Examples include chemical multi-product plants with diverse
toxic or very toxic wastewater streams, which cannot be routed to a conventional wastewater
treatment plant.

Waste combustion is particularly popular in countries such as Japan where land is a scarce
resource. Denmark and Sweden have been leaders in using the energy generated from
incineration for more than a century, in localised combined heat and power facilities supporting
district heating schemes. In 2005, waste incineration produced 4.8% of the electricity
consumption and 13.7% of the total domestic heat consumption in Denmark. A number of other
European countries rely heavily on incineration for handling municipal waste, in particular
Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Germany, and France.

2. AUTOCLAVING
An autoclave is a pressure chamber used to carry out industrial processes requiring elevated
temperature and pressure different to ambient air pressure. Autoclaves are used in medical
applications to perform sterilization; and in the chemical industry to cure coatings, vulcanize
rubber and for hydrothermal synthesis.

Many autoclaves are used to sterilize equipment and supplies by subjecting them to high
pressure saturated steam at 121 °C (249 °F) for around 15–20 minutes depending on the size
of the load and the contents. It was invented by Charles Chamberland in 1879, although a
precursor known as the steam digester was created by Denis Papin in 1679. The name comes
from Greek auto-, ultimately meaning self, and Latin clavis meaning key—a self-locking
device
Sterilization autoclaves are widely used in microbiology, medicine, podiatry, tattooing, body
piercing, veterinary science, and mycology, funeral homes, dentistry, and prosthetics
fabrication. They vary in size and function depending on the media to be sterilized.

Typical loads include laboratory glassware, other equipment and waste, surgical instruments
and medical waste.

A notable recent and increasingly popular application of autoclaves is the pre-disposal

treatment and sterilization of waste material, such as pathogenic hospital waste. Machines in
this category largely operate under the same principles as conventional autoclaves in that they

19 | P a g e TEXTILE AND ENGINEERING INSTITUTE.

PLASTIC SHREDDING MACHINE

are able to neutralize potentially infectious agents by utilizing pressurized steam and
superheated water. A new generation of waste converters is capable of achieving the same
effect without a pressure vessel to sterilize culture media, rubber material, gowns, dressing,
gloves, etc. It is particularly useful for materials which cannot withstand the higher temperature
of a hot air oven

Autoclaves are also widely used to cure composites and in the vulcanization of rubber. The
high heat and pressure that autoclaves allow help to ensure that the best possible physical
properties are repeatably attainable. The aerospace industry and spar makers (for sailboats in
particular) have autoclaves well over 50 feet (15 m) long, some over 10 feet (3.0 m)
wide.[citation needed]

Other types of autoclave are used to grow crystals under high temperatures and pressures.
Synthetic quartz crystals used in the electronic industry are grown in autoclaves. Packing of
parachutes for specialist applications may be performed under vacuum in an autoclave which
allows the parachute to be warmed and inserted into the minimum volume

3. SHREDDING
After autoclaving plastic waste is send to shredder.
The shredded waste is sold out to authorized plastic molding

20 | P a g e TEXTILE AND ENGINEERING INSTITUTE.

PLASTIC SHREDDING MACHINE

CHAPTER 9

FEATUERS AND BENEFITS

1. Cutting chamber is constructed of carbon steel plate which is welded and stress relieved
prior to final machining
2. Three - five blade rotor for higher output.
3. Dual scissor cutting action of rotating knives saves energy, reduce fines and lower the
cutting torque requirement.
4. Adjustable bed and fly knives are made of hardened tool steel.
5. Top hood provides easy access to knife for quick clean-out between material changes
and knife maintenance.
6. Open rotor design provides greater air and material flow during cutting process
providing increased throughout at cooler temperatures.
7. Solid rotor design feature shorter, staggered fly knives with greater rotor inertia for
processing higher density materials.
8. Heavy duty, double row, self-aligning spherical roller bearings mounted outboard for
ease of maintenance and prevention of contamination
9. .Structural base is constructed of welded, heavy duty structural sections.
10. Feeding operation on machine can be done manually.
11. Units are available as air or gravity discharge
12. Knife jig is available for pre-setting knife clearance prior to knife change-out

21 | P a g e TEXTILE AND ENGINEERING INSTITUTE.

PLASTIC SHREDDING MACHINE

CHAPTER 10

ADVANTAGES OF PLASTIC SHERDDING MACHINE:-

1. High rate of production

2. The machine productivity and particle size of the shredded material is defined

3. By knife width, knife diameter, knife form as well as the installed power of machine.

4. Highest safety for operator

5. Through limit switches on the doors and hopper to prevent an unauthorized operation

of cutting unit. Emergency stop on switch cabinet.

6. These plastic shredders are designed for use on a variety of materials from

manufacturing processes such as

7. Plastic extrusions, films and sheets, injection moulded parts, rubber hoses

8. If the parts being manufactured are out of tolerance, the items can be shredded, ground

and used in the process again

9. Product destruction is required in many cases when the rejected items must be destroyed

before disposal

10. Size reduction is often required in order to prepare the materials for mixing or initial

heating in the extrusions or forming process

22 | P a g e TEXTILE AND ENGINEERING INSTITUTE.

PLASTIC SHREDDING MACHINE

CHAPTER 11

FIELD OF APPLICATIONS

1. Plastic shredder is used in following fields for recycling purpose:-

2. CD's, computer hard drives and boards, carbon tapes

3. Paper, card board, files completely filled

4. Tin and plastic cans

5. PET bottles

6. Wood, wooden boxes, pallets

7. Metal & plastic chips

8. Domestic waste

9. Cables and electronic waste.

10. Plastic housings.

23 | P a g e TEXTILE AND ENGINEERING INSTITUTE.

PLASTIC SHREDDING MACHINE

CHAPTER 12

INDUSTRIAL PLASTIC SHREDDER WITH MANUFACTURING

CATLOGUES:-

Cumberland Engineering LLC, 2900 S.160th Street, New Berlin, WI 53151. [Single
shaft shredder]

1. Application
Cumberland's single shaft shredders are designed for processing plastic waste for reclamation
and recycling, large extruder purging’s, larger eject parts, trim scrap, baled or loose film,
synthetic fibre, wood processing scrap, medical waste, cardboard, paper, & carpet.

2. Benefits:
Precision 4-sided cutting inserts are rotated to offer longer cutting life and are easily accessed
for fast replacement.
U machine design for wood grinding, light plastics, & light waste application.
U rotor - the industry's most successful cutting rotor designs.

3. Standard features:
Low speed/high torque design.
Easy accessibility.
Tramp metal protection.
Touch pad monitoring & control.
Low RPM/low noise.
Large in feed hopper.
Precision hydraulic "process arm".
Oversize drivetrain.
Stress-free frame.
PLC control panel.
ISO 9001 manufactured Figure 6:- LSHT shredder

24 | P a g e TEXTILE AND ENGINEERING INSTITUTE.

PLASTIC SHREDDING MACHINE

4. Specification
Hinged cover provides protection to ram drive cylinders & allow easy access for cleaning.
Heavy shelf over ram cavity to protect against impact with heavy parts.
Anvil has replaceable counter knife plate with close tolerance.
Hinged clean-out access doors with safety switches for maintenance.
Oversized reduction gearbox rated to crush rock.
Fluid coupling absorbs micro vibrations & converts torque under load.
Heavy side walls, braces, & reinforcements.
Quick-change oversized ram guide rails.
Heavy dual-cushioned hydraulic cylinders to advance process ram
Table 6:- Machine specification
Machine type JBF 28/35 JBF 35/35 JBF 38/50

Cutting zone approx. mm 280 x 350 350 x 350 380x500

Knife-width Mm 20 / 15 / 10 20 / 15 / 10 30 / 20
(standard/alternative)

Drive Kw 2,2 / 3 2,2 / 3 7,5 / 9,2 /

(standard/alternative) 11

2500x140
0x25

Dimensions LxWxH approx. 760x760x190 760x760x19 00

mm 0 00

Weight Kg 450 500 1350

Frame for container/l 240 240/360/110 1100/550

/360/1100 0 0

25 | P a g e TEXTILE AND ENGINEERING INSTITUTE.

PLASTIC SHREDDING MACHINE

WEIIMA Maschinebau GmbH [Sales Support centre in: Austria, Ternberg

Warsaw USA, WEIMA America Inc., Fort Mill, SC.]
The intelligent solution for the production of finer shredded materials. Two stage plastic
shredding with WEIMA. Possible combinations include a universal shredder from the WLK
series & a granulator as secondary shredder.
1. Advantages:
Lower energy consumption, reduced knife wear.
Considerable reduction in sound emission.
Lower personnel costs by automated processes.
Innovation:
Prevented V-rotor with "super cut" cutting gap adjustment.
E-rotor
Pipe spacer funnel.
Trendsetting drive concepts.
Shredding and grinding solutions for plastics
When you need to shred plastic, be sure to choose the right shredding equipment manufactured
by a company with years of application experience in plastic shredding solutions.

Figure 7:- Two-stage shredding with WLK and WNZ.

26 | P a g e TEXTILE AND ENGINEERING INSTITUTE.

PLASTIC SHREDDING MACHINE

PROJECT COST
Table 7:- Project cost

COST [IN
NAME MATERIAL QUANTITY
RUPEE]

SHAFT M.S. ROD 1 450

BEARING - 2 300

CASING IRON SHEET 1 700

BLADE IRON 30 600

TOTAL 2050

27 | P a g e TEXTILE AND ENGINEERING INSTITUTE.

PLASTIC SHREDDING MACHINE

CONCLUSION

The plastic shredding machine is widely used in industries for the plastic waste management.
By using this plastic shredding machine the overall costing of recycling process get reduced.it
require less labour work and there is no requirement skilled labour in industry. In recycling
process of plastic waste required low energy due to compact form of plastic waste. It reduces
the process time in industry.
Since the beginning of a project can realize the importance of plastic shredder for what they
serve, realize that the work can get done faster and more efficient when plastics are crushed.
The use of machinery is critical for business that is why this machine was elaborated in order
to have more efficient performance for the company and that plastic garbage cheaper and more
effective at the time of operation.

28 | P a g e TEXTILE AND ENGINEERING INSTITUTE.

PLASTIC SHREDDING MACHINE

REFERENCES

1. "HEAVY DUTY GRANULATORS", JORDAN REDUCTION SOLUTIONS, 2013-

14, 07/09/2015, 05.00 pm.

2. "DEVELOPING HISTORY OF SHREDDER MACHINE", SLIDESHARE,

LINKEDIN, 2014-2015, 15/09/2015, 4.30 pm

3. "PLASTIC SHREDDER", SHREDDING & GRINDING SOLUTIONS FOR

PLASTICS, JORDAN REDUCTION SOLUTIONS, 01/10/2015,4.30 pm.

4. www.jbf-madchinen.de

29 | P a g e TEXTILE AND ENGINEERING INSTITUTE.