CHEM 16 2nd Long Exam Reviewer (Prepared by OZONE: J.D. Mapas, M.P. Malgapo, J.V.

Obligacion)

a.) Calculate the enthalpy change upon converting 18.00

I. Chemical Bonding, Molecular Geometry and grams of ice to water vapor (steam) at 125oC under a
Bonding Theories constant pressure of 1 atm.

1. Use the VSEPR model to predict the molecular b.) Calculate the enthalpy change during the process in
geometry of a.) O3, b.) SnCl3-, c.) COCl2, d.) SF4, e.) IF5, f.) which 100.0 g of water at 50.0oC is cooled to ice at -
ClF3, g.) ICl4-. Determine if the molecule is polar, non- 30.0oC?
polar or ionic.
2. Identify A, B, and C
2. Predict the H-C-H and C-C-C bond angles in propyne:
H A B C
H C C C H 1. Have definite 1. Have no 1. Have no
shape (resist definite shape definite shape (fill
H deformation) (assume shapes containers
2. Are nearly of containers) completely)
3. Predict the H-O-C and O-C-C bond angles in vinyl incompressible 2. Have definite 2. Are
alcohol: 3. Usually have volume (are only compressible
H H H higher density very slightly 3. Have low
than B compressible density
H O C C C H
4. Are not fluid 3. Have high 4. Are fluid
H 5. Diffuse only density 5. Diffuse rapidly
very slowly 4. Are fluid 6. Consist of
4. Calculate the number of unpaired electrons and thebond 6. Have an 5. Diffuse at a extremely
order for the following molecules ordered rate between A disordered
a.) Li2, b.) N2, c.) O2, d.) O2+, e.) NO arrangement of and C particles with
particles that are 6. Consist of much empty
5. What is the hybridization of very close disordered space between
a.) Be in BeCl2, b.) C in formaldehyde (H2CO), c.) BF3, d.) together; particles clusters of them; particles
NH3, e.) PF5, f.) SF6, g.) C in H2C=CH2, h.) C in HC≡CH usually have only particles that are have rapid,
vibrational quite close random motion
6. How many a.) σ, and b.) π bonds are there in this motion together; particles in three
molecule? have random dimensions
motion in three
H H H dimensions
H C C C C C C C O H 3. In which of the following molecules is H-bonding
H H H H possible? A.) CH4, B.) H2N-NH2, C.) CH3F, D.) H2S, E.)
H
HF
7. Draw the resonance structures for the carbonate anion.
4. Arrange the following according to increasing boiling
II. Liquids, Solids, and Phase Changes point: BaCl2, CO, H2, HF, HCl, KCl, Ne

1. Given: 5. Identify the following properties of liquids:

cice = 2.03 J/g•K
cwater = 4.18 J/g•K a.) The resistance to flow of a liquid; decreases with
cstean = 1.84 J/g•K increasing temperature
b.) The result of inward intermolecular forces of attraction
ΔHfus = 6.01 kJ/mol
among liquid particles that must be overcome to expand
ΔHvap = 40.67 kJ/mol the surface area
c.) All forces holding a liquid together
d.) The forces of attraction between a liquid and another
surface
1
 CHEM 16 2nd Long Exam Reviewer (Prepared by OZONE: J.D. Mapas, M.P. Malgapo, J.V. Obligacion)
e.) The drawing of a liquid up the inside of a small-bore
tube when the adhesive forces exceed the cohesive forces,
or the depression of the surface of the liquid when the
cohesive forces exceed the adhesive forces
f.) The pressure of vapor in equilibrium with a liquid at a
given temperature.

6. Identify the process described in the following diagram:

GAS
1 2

Energy
LIQUID 5 6
9. Identify A, B, C, and D

3 4 Characteristics of Types of Solids

Type of A B C D
solid
SOLID Particles of Metal ion in Anions, Molecules Atoms
unit cell “electron cations (or atoms)
7. Identify the IMFA described in the diagram cloud”

are ions involved? Strongest Metallic Electrostatic Dispersion, Covalent

interparticle bonds; dipole- bonds
forces attraction dipole,
are polar are polar between and/or
YES NO cations and hydrogen
molecules and molecules
ions both e -s bonds
involved?
present?
Properties Soft to very Hard, brittle; Soft; poor Very hard;
hard; good poor thermal thermal and poor thermal
YES NO thermal and and electrical electrical and electrical
YES NO
electrical conductors; conductors; conductors;*
conductors; high melting low melting high melting
wide range points (400 points (-272 points (1200
B E of melting to 3000 oC) to 400oC) to 4000oC)
points (-39
ex: NaCl, NH4NO 3 ex: Ar(l), I2 (s)
are hydrogen to 3400oC)
A atoms bonded to
ex: KBr in H2O N, O or F atoms? Examples Li, K, Ca, NaCl, CaBr2,
CH4 C (diamond),
Cu, Cr, Ni K2SO4 (methane), C (graphite),
(metals) (typical salts)
P4, O2, Ar, SiO2 (quartz)
YES NO CO2, H2O,
S8
* Exceptions: Diamond is a good conductor of heat; graphite is soft and
conducts electricity well
C D
ex: H2O(l), NH3 (l), HF(l) ex: H2S, CH3Cl 10. An element crystallizes in a body-centered cubic lattice.
The edge of the unit cell is 2.86 Å, and the density of the
8. Given the phase diagram below. a.) If A, B, and C are crystal is 7.92 g/cm3. Calculate the atomic weight of the
phases of matter, identify A, B and C; b.) Is the phase element.
diagram that of CO2 or that of H2O? c.) Using your answer
in b, determine the values (in oC) of D and E; d.) Which 11. Given the band diagrams a-d. Identify a,b,c, and d.
state has a highest density, the solid, liquid, or gaseous
state? e.) What does point F represent in the diagram?, f.)
Point G is called the _______ of the compound.

2
 CHEM 16 2nd Long Exam Reviewer (Prepared by OZONE: J.D. Mapas, M.P. Malgapo, J.V. Obligacion)
A.) A2(g) + B2(g) → 2 AB(g)
B.) A (g) + B2(g) → AB2(g)
C.)2 AB(g) + B2(g) → 2 AB2(g)
D.) 2 AB2(g) → A2(g) +2 B2(g)

7. A 34.0 L cylinder contains 305 g O2 (32 g/mol) at 22oC.

How many grams of O2 must be released to reduce the
pressure to 1.15 atm?

8. A 355-mL container holds 0.146 g Ne (20.2 g/mol) and

an unknown amount of Ar (39.9 g/mol) at 35oC and a
total pressure of 626 mm Hg. Calculate the grams of Ar
present.

IV. Solutions
III. Gases
1. Concentrated HCl is about 12.1 M. What volume of
Potentially useful conversions: 1 atm = 101,325 Pa = 760 Torr
concentrated HCl is required to produce 5500 mL of 0.250
= 760 mm Hg; 105 Pa = 1 bar
M?
1. A volume of carbon dioxide gas equal to 20.0 L was
2. Calculate the molarity of a 20.0% by mass (NH4)2SO4
collected at 23oC and 1.00 atm pressure. What would be
solution. The density of the solution is 1.117 g/mL.
the volume of carbon dioxide if it were collected at 23oC
and 0.830 atm?
3. A solution is 0.120 m methanol (32 g/mol) dissolved in
ethanol (46 g/mol). Calculate the mole fractions of
2. The volume of oxygen gas at 1.00 atm and 21 oC is 785
methanol, CH3OH, and ethanol, CH3CH2OH, in the
mL. What would be the volume of oxygen at 28oC? (3
solution.
points)
4. An aqueous solution is 2.00 M urea. The density of he
3. What is the pressure in a 50.0-L tank that contains 3.03
solution is 1.029 g/mL. What is the molal concentration of
kg of oxygen, O2, at 23oC?
urea in the solution?
4. What is the density of oxygen, O2, in grams per liter at
5. Sucrose is a non-volatile, non-ionizing solute in water.
25oC and 0.850 atm?
Determine the vapor pressure lowering at 27oC of a
solution of 75.0 g of sucrose, C12H22O11 (342 g/mol),
5. A 10.0-L flask contains 1.031 g O2 and 0.572 g CO2
dissolved in 180g of water. The vapor pressure of pure
18oC. What are the partial pressures of oxygen and carbon
water at 27oC is 26.7 Torr. Assume that the solution is
dioxide? What is the total pressure?
ideal.
6. If it takes 4.67 times as long for a particular gas to effuse
6. A solution consists of 0.450 mole of pentane, C5H12,
as it takes hydrogen, H2, under the same conditions, what
and 0.250 mole of cyclopentane, C5H10. What is the vapor
is the molecular weight of the gas?
pressure of pentane and of cyclopentane in this solution at
25 oC? What is the composition of the vapor? The vapor
7. Which equation is represented by the illustration below?
pressure of the pure liquids at 25oC are 451 Torr and 321
Torr for pentane and cyclopentane respectively.

7. From the figure below, it can be inferred that ___ is the

temperature that corresponds to the boiling point of the
pure solvent, while ___ corresponds to the freezing point
of the solution.

3
 CHEM 16 2nd Long Exam Reviewer (Prepared by OZONE: J.D. Mapas, M.P. Malgapo, J.V. Obligacion)

8. A 0.1000 m aqueous solution of a weak acid HA is 1.5%

ionized. At what temperature does it freeze?

9. An aqueous solution is 0.022 m glucose. What is the

boiling point and the freezing point of this solution? For
water: Kb = 0.512 oC/m; Kf = 1.86 oC/m

10. A 0.0140-g sample of an ionic compound with the

formula Cr(NH3)5Cl3 (an ionic compound which gives 3
ions) was dissolved in water to give 25.0 mL of solution at
25oC. Calculate the osmotic pressure of the solution.

4
 CHEM 16 2nd Long Exam Reviewer (Prepared by OZONE: J.D. Mapas, M.P. Malgapo, J.V. Obligacion)

Answer Key: 9.) A: Metallic, B: Ionic, C: Molecular, D: Covalent

I. Chemical Bonding, Molecular Geometry and 10.) 3

 7.93g  108 cm   23 
Bonding Theories    2.863  6.02X10 atoms 
 1 cm3  1   1 mole 
MW        55.8
g
1. a.) bent, non-polar, b.) trigonal pyramidal, ionic c.) 2 atoms mole
trigonal planar, polar, d.) seesaw shaped, polar e.) square
pyramidal, polar f.) T-shaped, polar g.) square planar, ionic 11.) The relative energies of occupied and empty bands
in (a) an insulator, (b) a metal in which the lower band is
2. 109.5o, 180o only partially occupied, (c) a metal in which the occupied
and empty bands overlap, and (d) a semiconductor.
3. slightly less than 109.5o, slightly greater than 120o
III. Gases
4. a.) 0, 0, b.) 0, 3, c.) 2, 2, d.) 1, 2.5, e.) 1, 2,5
1. 24.096 L
5. a.) sp, b.) sp2, c.) sp2, d.) sp3, e.) sp3d, f.) sp3d2, g.) sp2, h.) 2. 803.7 mL
sp 3. 46.022 atm
4. 1.1117 g/L
6. a.) 17, b.) 3 5. PO2 = 0.07693 atm, PCO2 = 0.0311 atm; PT = 0.1080 atm
6. 43.6178 g/mol
7. B; using Amonton’s Law: P1V1/n1T1= P2V2/n2T2, we
get A.) V2 = 2 V1, B.) V1 = V2, C.) 4V1 = 3V2, and D.) V1
= V2/3. Only equation B satisfies the constant volume
restriction in the given
7.) 8. 253.3 g of O2 must be released
9. 0.173 g Ar

II. Liquids, Solids, and Phase Changes IV. Solutions

1. a.) 56.0 kJ, b.) -60.4 kJ 1. 113.64 mL of 12.1 M HCl

2. 1.692 M
2. A: solid, B: liquid, C: gas 3. Xmethanol = 0.005489, Xethanol = 0.9945
3. B and E 4. 2.20 m
5. Psolution = 26.13 Torr; vapor pressure lowering = 0.572
4. Boiling point: H2 < Ne < CO < HCl < HF < KCl < 6. PTotal = 404.57 Torr; Ypentane = 0.716, Ycyclopentane = 0.283
BaCl2 7. C, A
8. -0.1888oC
5. a.) viscosity, b.) surface tension, c.) cohesive forces, d.) 9. Tb,solution = 100.0113 oC, Tf,solution = -0.04092 oC
adhesive forces, e.) capillary action, f.) vapor pressure 10. 0.1689 atm

6. 1: Vaporization, 2: Condensation, 3: Melting/ Fusion 4:

Solidification/ Freezing, 5: Sublimation, 6: Deposition

7. A: Ion-Dipole forces, B: Ionic bonding, C: Hydrogen-

bonding, D: Dipole-Dipole forces, E: London dispersion
forces

8. a.) A: Liquid, B: Solid, C: Gas, b.) H2O; c.) D: 0oC, E:

100oC; d.) liquid state, e.) F represents the boiling point of
water at 3 atm pressure, f.) critical point.