Sailing Directions Pub140bk

PUB.
140
SAILING DIRECTIONS
(PLANNING GUIDE)
★
NORTH ATLANTIC OCEAN

AND ADJACENT SEAS
★
Prepared and published by the

NATIONAL GEOSPATIAL-INTELLIGENCE AGENCY
Springfield, Virgina
© COPYRIGHT 2017 BY THE UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT

NO COPYRIGHT CLAIMED UNDER TITLE 17 U.S.C.
2017
SIXTEENTH EDITION
For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Internet: http://
bookstore.gpo.gov Phone: toll free (866) 512-1800; DC area (202) 512-1800
Fax: (202) 512-2250 Mail Stop: SSOP, Washington, DC 20402-0001
II
Preface
Pub. 140, Sailing Directions (Planning Guide) North Atlan-
7. Mailing address: Maritime Safety Office
tic Ocean and Adjacent Seas, Sixteenth Edition, 2017, is issued National Geospatial-Intelligence
for use in conjunction with the following Sailing Directions Agency
(Enroute) Publications:
Mail Stop N64-SFH
Pub. 131, Pub. 132, Pub. 141, Pub. 142, Pub. 143, Pub. 145, 7500 Geoint Drive
Pub. 146, Pub. 147, Pub. 148, Pub. 191, Pub. 192, Pub. 193, Springfield VA 22150-7500
Pub. 194 and Pub. 195.
Digital Nautical Charts 1, 8. 9, 10, 14, 15, 16, 18, 20, 21, 22,
and 28 provide electronic chart coverage for the area covered New editions of Sailing Directions are corrected through the
0.0
by this publication. date of publication shown above. Important information to

This publication has been corrected to 1 April 2017, includ- amend material in the publication is available is updated as
ing Notice to Mariners No. 13 of 2017. needed and available as a downloadable corrected publication
from the NGA Maritime Domain web site.
Explanatory Remarks
NGA Maritime Domain Website
Sailing Directions are published by the National Geospatial- https://msi.nga.mil/NGAPortal/MSI.portal
Intelligence Agency (NGA) under the authority of Department
of Defense Directive 5105.40, dated 12 December 1988, and
pursuant to the authority contained in U. S. Code Title 10, Sec- 0.0Courses.—Courses are true, and are expressed in the same
tions 2791 and 2792 and Title 44, Section 1336. Sailing Direc- manner as bearings. The directives “steer” and “make good” a
tions, covering the harbors, coasts, and waters of the world, course mean, without exception, to proceed from a point of or-
provide information that cannot be shown graphically on nauti- igin along a track having the identical meridional angle as the
cal charts and is not readily available elsewhere. designated course. Vessels following the directives must allow
0.0Sailing Directions (Planning Guide) are intended to assist for every influence tending to cause deviation from such track,
mariners in planning ocean passages and to eliminate duplica- and navigate so that the designated course is continuously be-
tion by consolidating useful information about all the countries ing made good.
adjacent to a particular ocean basin in one volume. 0.0Currents.—Current directions are the true directions toward
Planning Guide publications are compiled and structured in which currents set.
the alphabetical order of countries contained within the region 0.0Distances.—Distances are expressed in nautical miles of 1
covered by each publication. minute of latitude. Distances of less than 1 mile are expressed
Bearings.—Bearings are true, and are expressed in degrees in meters, or tenths of miles.
from 000° (north) to 360°, measured clockwise. General bear- 0.0Geographic Names.—Geographic names are generally
ings are expressed by the initial letters of the points of the com- those used by the nation having sovereignty. Names in paren-
pass (e.g. N, NNE, NE, etc.). Adjective and adverb endings theses following another name are alternate names that may
have been discarded. Wherever precise bearings are intended, appear on some charts. In general, alternate names are quoted
degrees are used. only in the principal description of the place. Diacritical marks,
0.0Charts.—Reference to charts made throughout this publica- such as accents, cedillas, and circumflexes, which are related to
tion refer to both the paper chart and the Digital Nautical Chart specific letters in certain foreign languages, are not used in the
(DNC). interest of typographical simplicity.
0.0Corrective Information.—Users should refer corrections, 0.0Geographic names or their spellings do not necessarily re-
additions, and comments to NGA’s Maritime Operations Desk, flect recognition of the political status of an area by the United
as follows: States Government.
0.0Heights.—Heights are referred to the plane of reference
used for that purpose on the charts and are expressed in meters.
1. Toll free: 1-800-362-6289 0.0Internet Links.—This publication provides Internet links to
web sites concerned with maritime navigational safety, includ-
2. Commercial: 571-557-5455
ing but not limited to, Federal government sites, foreign Hy-
3. DSN: 547-5455 drographic Offices, and foreign public/private port facilities.
NGA makes no claims, promises, or guarantees concerning the
4. DNC web site: https://msi.nga.mil/NGAPortal/ accuracy, completeness, or adequacy of the contents of these
DNC.portal web sites and expressly disclaims any liability for errors and
omissions in the contents of these web sites.
5. Maritime Do- https://msi.nga.mil/NGAPortal/ 0.0International Ship and Port Facility Security (ISPS)
main website: MSI.portal Code.—The ISPS Code is a comprehensive set of measures to
enhance the security of ships and port facilities developed in
6. E-mail: [email protected] response to the perceived threats to ships and port facilities in
the wake of the 9/11 attacks in the United States. Information
on the ISPS Code can be found at the International Maritime
Pub. 140
III
Organization web site: information, see the paragraph titled U.S. Maritime Advisory
System.
International Maritime Organization Home Page Time.—Time is normally expressed as local time unless spe-
http://www.imo.org cifically designated as Universal Coordinated Time (UTC).
0.0Time Zone.—The Time Zone description(s), as well as in-
formation concerning the use of Daylight Savings Time, are in-
0.0Lights and Fog Signals.—Lights and fog signals are not de- cluded. The World Time Zone Chart is available on the Inter-
scribed, and light sectors are not usually defined. The Light net at the web site given below.
Lists should be consulted for complete information.
Maritime Administration (MARAD) Advisories.—MA-
Standard Time Zone of the World Chart
0.0
RAD Advisories were issued prior to 31 December 2016 to

https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-
rapidly disseminate information on maritime dangers, safety,
world-factbook/graphics/ref_maps/physical/pdf/
government policy, and other time-sensitive matters pertaining
standard_time_zones_of_the_world.pdf
to U.S.-flag vessel operations. MARAD Advisories were is-
sued by the Office of Security to vessel masters, ship operators,
and other U.S. Maritime interests. Advisories were communi- U.S. Maritime Advisory System.—The U.S. Maritime Ad-
0.0
cated via telex or other message formats and were published on visory System is a streamlined inter-agency approach to identi-
the MARAD web site and in the National Geospatial-Intelli- fying and promulgating maritime security threats. The system
gence Agency’s Weekly Notice to Mariners. All legacy MA- replaces Special Warnings to Mariners (State Department),
RAD Advisories can be accessed at the NGA Maritime Safety MARAD Advisories (Maritime Administration), and Marine
Information web site (https://msi.nga.mil/NGAPortal/MSI.por- Safety Information Bulletins (U.S. Coast Guard) and consists
tal). of the following items:
0.0MARAD Advisories have been replaced by the U.S. Mari- 1. U.S. Maritime Alert—Provides basic information
time Advisory System. All legacy MARAD Advisories will (location, incident, type, date/time) on reported maritime
automatically expire on 6 July 2017 unless canceled sooner. security threats to U.S. maritime industry interests. U.S.
For further information, see the paragraph titled U.S. Mari- Maritime alerts do not contain policy or recommendations
time Advisory System. for specific courses of information.
National Ocean Claims.—Information on national ocean 2. U.S. Maritime Advisory—Provides more detailed
claims and maritime boundary disputes, which have been com- information, when appropriate, through a “whole-of-gov-
piled from the best available sources, is provided solely in the ernment” response to an identified maritime threat.
interest of the navigational safety of shipping and in no way
constitutes legal recognition by the United States. These non- Maritime Administration (MARAD)—U.S.
recognized claims and requirements may include, but are not Maritime Advisory System
limited to: https://www.marad.dot.gov/environment-and-safety/
1. A requirement by a state for advance permission or no- office-of-security/msci
tification for innocent passage of warships in the territorial
sea.
2. Straight baseline, internal waters, or historic waters Winds.—Wind directions are the true directions from which
claims. winds blow.
3. The establishment of a security zone, where a state
claims to control activity beyond its territorial sea for securi-
ty reasons unrelated to that state’s police powers in its terri- Reference List
tory, including its territorial sea.
0.0Radio Navigational Aids.—Radio navigational aids and ra- The principal sources examined in the preparation of this
dio weather services are not described in detail. Publication publication were:
No. 117 Radio Navigational Aids and NOAA Publication, Se- British Hydrographic Office Sailing Directions.
lected Worldwide Marine Weather Broadcasts, should be con- Canadian Sailing Directions.
sulted. Reports from United States Naval and merchant vessels
0.0Soundings.—Soundings are referred to the datum of the and various shipping companies.
charts and are expressed in meters. Other U.S. Government publications, reports, and docu-
0.0Special Warnings.—Legacy Special Warnings issued prior ments.
to 31 December 2016 may still be in force for the geographic Charts, light lists, tide and current tables, and other docu-
area covered by this publication. Special Warnings were print- ments in possession of the Agency.
ed in the weekly Notice to Mariners upon promulgation and are
reprinted annually in Notice to Mariners No. 1. All legacy MA-
RAD Advisories can be accessed at the NGA Maritime Safety Internet Web sites, as follows:
Information web site (https://msi.nga.mil/NGAPortal/MSI.por- 1. Department of State/U.S. Embassies.
tal). http://usembassy.state.gov
0.0Special Warnings have been replaced by the U.S. Maritime 2. World Factbook.
Advisory System. All legacy Special Warnings will automati- http://www.cia.gov/library/publications/resources/
cally expire on 6 July 2017 unless canceled sooner. For further the-world-factbook
Pub. 140
IV
Pub. 140
Conversion Tables
Feet to Meters
Feet 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
0 0.00 0.30 0.61 0.91 1.22 1.52 1.83 2.13 2.44 2.74
10 3.05 3.35 3.66 3.96 4.27 4.57 4.88 5.18 5.49 5.79
20 6.10 6.40 6.71 7.01 7.32 7.62 7.92 8.23 8.53 8.84
30 9.14 9.45 9.75 10.06 10.36 10.67 10.97 11.28 11.58 11.89
40 12.19 12.50 12.80 13.11 13.41 13.72 14.02 14.33 14.63 14.93
50 15.24 15.54 15.85 16.15 16.46 16.76 17.07 17.37 17.68 17.98
60 18.29 18.59 18.90 19.20 19.51 19.81 20.12 20.42 20.73 21.03
70 21.34 21.64 21.95 22.25 22.55 22.86 23.16 23.47 23.77 24.08
80 24.38 24.69 24.99 25.30 25.60 25.91 26.21 26.52 26.82 27.13
90 27.43 27.74 28.04 28.35 28.65 28.96 29.26 29.57 29.87 30.17
Fathoms to Meters
Fathoms 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
0 0.00 1.83 3.66 5.49 7.32 9.14 10.97 12.80 14.63 16.46
10 18.29 20.12 21.95 23.77 25.60 27.43 29.26 31.09 32.92 34.75
20 36.58 38.40 40.23 42.06 43.89 45.72 47.55 49.38 51.21 53.03
30 54.86 56.69 58.52 60.35 62.18 64.01 65.84 67.67 69.49 71.32
40 73.15 74.98 76.81 78.64 80.47 82.30 84.12 85.95 87.78 89.61
50 91.44 93.27 95.10 96.93 98.75 100.58 102.41 104.24 106.07 107.90
60 109.73 111.56 113.39 115.21 117.04 118.87 120.70 122.53 124.36 126.19
70 128.02 129.85 131.67 133.50 135.33 137.16 138.99 140.82 142.65 144.47
80 146.30 148.13 149.96 151.79 153.62 155.45 157.28 159.11 160.93 162.76
90 164.59 166.42 168.25 170.08 171.91 173.74 175.56 177.39 179.22 181.05
Meters to Feet
Meters 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
0 0.00 3.28 6.56 9.84 13.12 16.40 19.68 22.97 26.25 29.53
10 32.81 36.09 39.37 42.65 45.93 49.21 52.49 55.77 59.06 62.34
20 65.62 68.90 72.18 75.46 78.74 82.02 85.30 88.58 91.86 95.14
30 98.42 101.71 104.99 108.27 111.55 114.83 118.11 121.39 124.67 127.95
40 131.23 134.51 137.80 141.08 144.36 147.64 150.92 154.20 157.48 160.76
50 164.04 167.32 170.60 173.88 177.16 180.45 183.73 187.01 190.29 193.57
60 196.85 200.13 203.41 206.69 209.97 213.25 216.54 219.82 223.10 226.38
70 229.66 232.94 236.22 239.50 242.78 246.06 249.34 252.62 255.90 259.19
80 262.47 265.75 269.03 272.31 275.59 278.87 282.15 285.43 288.71 291.99
90 295.28 298.56 301.84 305.12 308.40 311.68 314.96 318.24 321.52 324.80
Meters to Fathoms
Meters 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
0 0.00 0.55 1.09 1.64 2.19 2.73 3.28 3.83 4.37 4.92
10 5.47 6.01 6.56 7.11 7.66 8.20 8.75 9.30 9.84 10.39
20 10.94 11.48 12.03 12.58 13.12 13.67 14.22 14.76 15.31 15.86
30 16.40 16.95 17.50 18.04 18.59 19.14 19.68 20.23 20.78 21.33
40 21.87 22.42 22.97 23.51 24.06 24.61 25.15 25.70 26.25 26.79
50 27.34 27.89 28.43 28.98 29.53 30.07 30.62 31.17 31.71 32.26
60 32.81 33.36 33.90 34.45 35.00 35.54 36.09 36.64 37.18 37.73
70 38.28 38.82 39.37 39.92 40.46 41.01 41.56 42.10 42.65 43.20
80 43.74 44.29 44.84 45.38 45.93 46.48 47.03 47.57 48.12 48.67
90 49.21 49.76 50.31 50.85 51.40 51.95 52.49 53.04 53.59 54.13
Pub. 140 V
Abbreviations
The following abbreviations may be used in the text:

Units
°C degree(s) Centigrade km kilometer(s)
cm centimeter(s) m meter(s)
cu.m. cubic meter(s) mb millibars
dwt deadweight tons MHz megahertz
FEU forty-foot equivalent units mm millimeter(s)
grt gross registered tons nrt net registered tons
kHz kilohertz TEU twenty-foot equivalent units
Directions
N north S south
NNE northnortheast SSW southsouthwest
NE northeast SW southwest
ENE eastnortheast WSW westsouthwest
E east W west
ESE eastsoutheast WNW westnorthwest
SE southeast NW northwest
SSE southsoutheast NNW northnorthwest
Vessel types
LASH Lighter Aboard Ship ro-ro Roll-on Roll-off
LNG Liquified Natural Gas ULCC Ultra Large Crude Carrier
LPG Liquified Petroleum Gas VLCC Very Large Crude Carrier
OBO Ore/Bulk/Oil
Time
ETA estimated time of arrival GMT Greenwich Mean Time
ETD estimated time of departure UTC Coordinated Universal Time
Water level
MSL mean sea level LWS low water springs
HW high water MHWN mean high water neaps
LW low water MHWS mean high water springs
MHW mean high water MLWN mean low water neaps
MLW mean low water MLWS mean low water springs
HWN high water neaps HAT highest astronomical tide
HWS high water springs LAT lowest astronomical tide
LWN low water neaps
Communications
D/F direction finder MF medium frequency
R/T radiotelephone HF high frequency
GMDSS Global Maritime Distress and Safety System VHF very high frequency
LF low frequency UHF ultra high frequency
Navigation
LANBY Large Automatic Navigation Buoy SPM Single Point Mooring
NAVSAT Navigation Satellite TSS Traffic Separation Scheme
ODAS Ocean Data Acquisition System VTC Vessel Traffic Center
SBM Single Buoy Mooring VTS Vessel Traffic Service
Miscellaneous
COLREGS Collision Regulations
IALA International Assoc of Lighthouse Authorities No./Nos. Number/Numbers
PA Position approximate
IHO International Hydrographic Office PD Position doubtful
IMO International Maritime Organization Pub. Publication
VII Pub. 140

Contents
Page
Preface. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . II
Chartlet—Sector Limits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . III
Conversion Tables. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . V
Abbreviations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . VII
COUNTRIES
ALBANIA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 GUATEMALA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 319
ALGERIA. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 GUINEA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 323
ANGUILLA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 GUINEA-BISSAU . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 325
ANTIGUA AND BARBUDA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 HAITI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 327
ARUBA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 HONDURAS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 331
BAHAMAS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 IRELAND . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 335
BALTIC SEA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 ISRAEL. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 341
BARBADOS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 ITALY. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 347
BELGIUM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49 JAMAICA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 379
BELIZE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55 LATVIA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 383
BERMUDA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59 LEBANON . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 389
BLACK SEA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63 LIBERIA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 393
BOSNIA-HERZEGOVINA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71 LIBYA. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 397
BRITISH VIRGIN ISLANDS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75 LITHUANIA. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 401
BULGARIA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77 MALTA. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 405
CANADA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89 MARTINIQUE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 411
CAPE VERDE ISLANDS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141 MAURITANIA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 417
CARIBBEAN SEA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143 MEDITERRANEAN SEA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 419
CAYMAN ISLANDS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153 MEXICO . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 437
COLOMBIA. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155 MONACO . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 443
COSTA RICA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159 MONTENEGRO. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 445
CROATIA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163 MONTSERRAT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 449
CUBA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 173 MOROCCO. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 451
CURACAO. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 179 NETHERLANDS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 457
CYPRUS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 183 NICARAGUA. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 467
DENMARK . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 187 NORTH ATLANTIC OCEAN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 471
DOMINICA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 205 NORTH SEA AND THE ENGLISH CHANNEL . . . . . 509
DOMINICAN REPUBLIC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 207 NORWAY. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 531
EGYPT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 209 PANAMA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 555
ESTONIA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 213 POLAND. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 559
FAROE ISLANDS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 219 PORTUGAL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 569
FINLAND. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 223 ROMANIA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 585
FRANCE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 237 RUSSIA. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 591
GAMBIA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 265 SAINT BARTHELEMY. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 623
GEORGIA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 267 SAINT KITTS AND NEVIS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 625
GERMANY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 275 SAINT LUCIA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 629
GIBRALTAR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 295 SAINT MARTIN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 633
GREECE. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 299 SAINT PIERRE AND MIQUELON . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 635
GRENADA. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 313 SAINT VINCENT AND THE GRENADINES . . . . . . . 639
GUADELOUPE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 317 SENEGAL. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 643
Pub. 140 IX
SIERRA LEONE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 647
SINT MAARTEN. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 649
SLOVENIA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 653
SPAIN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 657
SWEDEN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 671
SYRIA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 697
TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 701
TUNISIA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 705
TURKEY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 709
TURKS AND CAICOS ISLANDS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 717
UKRAINE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 721
UNITED KINGDOM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 747
VENEZUELA. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 791
1
ALBANIA
General 1 along the cost.

Buoyage System 1
Cautions 1 Buoyage System
Currency 2
Government 2 The IALA Buoyage System (Region A) is in effect. See
Holidays 2 Chart No. 1 for further IALA Buoyage System information.
Industries 2
Languages 2 Cautions
Mined Areas 2
Navigational Information 2 General
Pilotage 2 Hydrographic information for the coast of Albania may be
Pollution 3 inadequate; charts and publications covering these waters may
Regulations 3 not be up-to-date. Prudent navigation is advisable.
Ship Reporting System 3
Time Zone 3 Coastal Depths
U.S. Embassy 3 Mouths of Albanian rivers and their deltas are subject to
great change; the alluvial banks extending for some distance
General offshore from these rivers and their deltas are constantly
changing and increasing in size, particularly during heavy rains
Albania is located in southeastern Europe between Greece, and when the rivers are swollen. Considerable changes to the
Serbia, and Montenegro. The country borders the Adriatic Sea coastline have been reported between Lumi i Vjoses (40°40'N,
and the Ionian Sea. 19°18'E.) and Pellgu i Drinit (41°44'N, 19°26'E.), 60 miles N.
The climate is mild and temperate. The winters are cool, Mariners are warned to navigate with great caution, sound con-
cloudy, and wet while the summers are hot and clear. tinuously when near the coast, and to give the coast a wide
The terrain is mostly mountainous with hills and small plains berth at night.
Pub. 140
2 Albania
Explosives Dumping Areas Industries
Explosives dumping areas have been reported (1999) in the
Adriatic Sea off the coast of Albania. See Italy—Firing Ar- The main industries are tobacco products, food processing,
eas—Explosives Dumping Areas for further information textiles and clothing, lumber, oil, cement, chemicals, mining,
basic metals, and hydropower.
Marine Exploitation The main exports are textiles and footwear, asphalt, metals
Vessels engaged in seismic surveys and other research proj- and metallic ores, crude oil, vegetables, fruit, and tobacco. The
ects may be encountered in the Adriatic Sea, normally inside main export-trading partners are Italy, Kosovo, the United
the 200m depth curve. States, China, and Greece.
The main imports are machinery and equipment, foodstuffs,
Currency chemicals, and textiles. The main import-trading partners are
Italy, China, Greece, Germany, and Turkey.
The official unit of currency is the lek, consisting of 100 qin-
dars.
Languages
Government Albanian (Tosk) is the official language.
Mined Areas
A large area, formerly declared dangerous due to mines, ex-
ists off the Albanian coast and lies within the area bounded by
lines joining the following positions:
a. A position on the shore at 41°30'N.
b. 41°30'N, 19°00'E.
c. 40°30'N, 19°00'E.
d. 40°15'N, 19°10'E.
e. then E to a position on the shore at 40°15'N.
Flag of Albania The area is now considered to be safe for surface navigation,
but could still present a hazard for vessels anchoring, fishing,
Albania is a parliamentary democracy. The country is divid- or engaged in submarine or sea bed activity.
ed into 12 counties. It is reported that measures have been taken to clear the
Albania is governed by a President, who is elected by the coastline exposed to mined waters.
People’s Assembly to serve a 5-year term. The unicameral Vessels should enter Gji i Vlores and Gji i Durresit during
People’s Assembly, composed of 140 members serving 4-year daylight only and should follow the recommended track shown
terms, is elected by proportional representation. on the charts.
The legal system is based on civil law.
The capital is Tirana. Navigational Information
Holidays Enroute Volume

Pub. 132, Sailing Directions (Enroute) Eastern Mediterra-
The following holidays are observed: nean.
Maritime Claims
January 1 New Year’s Day
The maritime territorial claims of Albania are, as follows:
Easter Sunday Variable
Orthodox Easter Sunday Variable Territorial Sea * 12 miles.
May 1 Labor Day Fisheries or Economic 15 miles.
Zone
October 19 Mother Teresa Day
Continental Shelf Depth of 200m or the Limit
November 28 Independence Day of Exploitation.
November 29 Liberation Day * Claims straight baselines. Requires advance permission
December 25 Christmas Day or notification for innocent passage of warships in the ter-
ritorial sea.
Islamic holidays, which are subject to the appearance of the
moon, include Eid Al-Fitr (End of Ramadan), Eid Al-Adha Pilotage
(End of Pilgrimage), Hijrah (Islamic New Year), and the
Prophet's Birthday. Pilotage is compulsory for all foreign vessels.
Pub. 140
Albania 3
Pollution inspection procedures. For further information, see Italy—

Regulations—Albanian Immigration.
MARPOL Special Area
The Mediterranean Sea has been designated as a MARPOL Ship Reporting System
Special Area. MARPOL Special Areas are sea areas where
special mandatory methods for the prevention of oil pollution The Adriatic Ship Reporting System (ADRIREP), a manda-
in the sea have been adopted. tory system for certain vessels, is in effect for the Adriatic Sea
Further information can be found in North Atlantic N of latitude 40°25'N. For further information, see Italy—Ship
Ocean—Pollution—MARPOL Special Areas. Reporting System.
Regulations Time Zone

Vessels from Italy, Slovenia, Croatia, Montenegro, and The Time Zone description is ALFA (-1). Daylight Savings
Greece are required to send their ETA 48 hours in advance. Time (BRAVO (-2)) is maintained from the last Sunday in
Vessels from other countries are required to send their ETA 5 March until the last Sunday in October.
days in advance.
Foreign vessels require authorization to enter the territorial U.S. Embassy
waters of Albania. Approach to the open ports is permitted on-
ly through authorized routes. The following ports are open to The U.S. Embassy is situated at Rruga e Elbansanit No. 103,
foreign vessels: Tirana.
1. Durres. The mailing addresses are, as follows:
2. Sarande. 1. Albania address—
3. Shengjin. Rruga e Elbansanit
4. Vlore. No. 103
See Pub. 132, Sailing Directions (Enroute) Eastern Mediter- Tirana
ranean for further information. 2. U. S. address—
Vessels are subject to port regulations, a copy of which Department of State
should be obtained on arrival. 9510 Tirana Place
Regulations concerning the emigration of Albanian citizens Dulles, VA (20189-9510)
to Italian territory have been issued and apply to vessels of all
flags in Albanian territorial waters. All merchant ships entering U. S. Embassy Albania Home Page
or leaving Albanian territorial waters will be contacted by Ital- http://al.usembassy.gov
ian warships or Italian coast guard vessels, which will carry out
Pub. 140
5
ALGERIA
General 5 Buoyage System

Buoyage System 5
Cautions 5 The IALA Buoyage System (Region A) is in effect. See
Currency 5 Chart No. 1 for further IALA Buoyage System information.
Firing Areas 5
Fishing Areas 6
Government 6 Cautions
Holidays 6
Industries 6 Locust Reports
Languages 6 See North Atlantic Ocean—Cautions for further informa-
Navigational Information 6 tion.
Pollution 6
Regulations 6 Local Magnetic Anomaly
Search and Rescue 7 A local magnetic anomaly is reported to exist near the shores
Time Zone 7 of the bight where the port of Oran is located, especially near
Traffic Separation Schemes 7 the anchorage of Mers-el-Kebir (35°43.5'N., 0°40.8'W.).
U.S. Embassy 7
General Currency
Algeria is located in Northern Africa between Morocco and The official unit of currency is the Algerian dinar, consisting
Tunisia. The country borders the Mediterranean Sea. of 100 centimes.
The climate is arid to semi-arid. Winters are wet and sum-
mers are hot and dry along the coast.
The sirocco wind produces a hot dust and sand-filled wind Firing Areas
that is common in the summer.
The terrain is mostly high plateau and desert, with some Firing practice takes place in a sector with a radius of
mountains and a narrow discontinuous coastal plain. 1,000m, bounded by lines of position extending from Fort
The Sahara Desert occupies much of the S part of the coun- Mers-el-Kebir (35°44.3'N., 0°41.5'W.) on bearings of 350° and
try. 010°.
Pub. 140
6 Algeria
Fishing Areas the Prophet’s Birthday.
Tunny Fishing Industries

For general information on tunny fishing, see Spain—Fish-
ing Areas. The main industries are petroleum, natural gas, light indus-
tries, mining, electrical production, petrochemicals, and food
Tunny Net Areas processing.
Between March 15 and November 10, tunny nets may be set The main exports are petroleum, natural gas, and petroleum
anywhere along the coast of Algeria and also in the following products. The main export-trading partners are Spain, France,
locations: the United States, Italy, the United Kingdom, and Brazil.
1. In the vicinity of Pointe du Canastel. The main imports are capital goods, foodstuffs, and consum-
2. In Baie des Aguades. er goods. The main import-trading partners are China, France,
3. Off Pointe de l’Aiguille. Italy, Spain, and Germany.
The extremities of these tunny nets in the open sea are
marked by red lights.
Languages
Government
Arabic is the official language. French and Berber dialects
are also spoken.
Navigational Information
Enroute Volume
Pub. 131, Sailing Directions (Enroute) Western Mediterra-
nean.
Maritime Claims
The maritime territorial claims of Algeria are, as follows:
Flag of Algeria Territorial Sea * 12 miles.

Contiguous Zone 24 miles.
Algeria is a republic. The country is divided into 48 provinc-
es. Fisheries or Economic 52 miles. **
Algeria is governed by a directly-elected president who Zone
serves a 5-year term. The Prime Minister and the cabinet are * Claims straight baselines. Requires advance permission
appointed by the President. The bicameral Parliament consists or notification for innocent passage of warships in the ter-
of the directly-elected 462-member National People’s Assem- ritorial sea.
bly, serving 5-year terms, and the 144-member Council of the
Nations (48 members appointed by the President and 96 mem- ** Reduced to 32 miles W of the longitude of Ras Tenes.
bers indirectly elected by the 48 provinces), serving 6-year
terms. Pollution
The legal system is based on Islamic and French law.
The capital is Algiers. MARPOL Special Area
The Mediterranean Sea has been designated as a MARPOL
Holidays Special Area. MARPOL Special Areas are sea areas where
special mandatory methods for the prevention of oil pollution
The following holidays are observed: in the sea have been adopted.
Further information can be found in North Atlantic
January 1 New Year’s Day Ocean—Pollution—MARPOL Special Areas.
May 1 Labor Day
Regulations
June 19 Anniversary of the Start
of the Revolution Algeria has announced a temporary suspension of the free-
dom of navigation within Algerian territorial waters extending
July 5 Independence Day
up to 10 miles from the coast between 3°15'E and 4°10'E.
Nov. 1 Revolution Day Vessels entering or leaving certain ports must do so within
designated channels, as follows:
Islamic holidays, which are subject to the appearance of the 1. Port de Zemmouri—Channel running N-S centered on
moon, include Eid Al-Fitr (End of Ramadan), Eid Al-Adha the port between 3°33.5'N and 3°34.6'N.
(End of Pilgrimage), Hijrah (Islamic New Year), Ashoora, and 2. Port de Dellys—Channel running N-S centered on the
Pub. 140
Algeria 7
port’s green harbor light between 3°54.8'N and 3°55.8'N. Traffic Separation Schemes
3. Pointe Tigzirt—Channel running N-S centered on the
port between 4°07.8'N and 4°08.6'N. Traffic Separation Schemes (TSS) off Algeria are, as fol-
lows:
1. Northwest Approach to Skikda. (Government of Al-
Search and Rescue geria)
2. North Approach to Skikda. (Government of Algeria)
The Algerian Coast Guard is responsible for coordinating 3. West Approach to Oran. (Government of Algeria)
search and rescue operations. MRCC Algiers can be contacted, 4. Northeast Approach to Oran. (Government of Alge-
as follows: ria)
1. Telephone: 213-21-710178 5. Annaba East Channel. (Government of Algeria)
213-21-203184 6. Annaba West Channel. (Government of Algeria)
2. Facsimile: 213-21-714108
213-21-203217 U.S. Embassy
3. E-mail: [email protected]
A network of coast radio stations maintains a continuous lis- The U.S. Embassy is situated at 5 Chemin Cheikh Bachir
tening watch on international distress frequencies. Ibrahimi, El-Biar, Algiers.
The mailing address is B.P. Box 408, Alger-Gare, 16030, Al-
giers.
Time Zone
U. S. Embassy Algeria Home Page
The Time Zone description is ALFA (-1). Daylight Savings http://algiers.usembassy.gov
Time is not observed.
Pub. 140
9
ANGUILLA

Buoyage System 9
Cautions 9 The IALA Buoyage System (Region B) is in effect. See
Government 9 Aids to navigation in Anguilla may be missing or unreliable.
Holidays 10
Industries 10 Cautions
Languages 10
Navigational Information 10 Lobster pots, which are marked by small floats which are
Regulations 10 difficult to see, may be found anywhere on the banks N and E
Search and Rescue 10 of Anguilla, as well as on the banks between Anguilla and
Time Zone 10 Saint Martin to the S.
U.S. Embassy 10
Currency
General The official unit of currency is the Eastern Caribbean dollar.
Anguilla is the northernmost of the Leeward Islands.The ter- Government

ritory also includes the island of Sombrero and several offshore
islets. Anguilla is a self-governing dependent overseas territory of
Anguilla is a flat, rocky island comprised of coral overlaying the United Kingdom, with Queen Elizabeth II as its chief of
volcanic debris and fringed by some of the finest white sand state.
beaches in the Caribbean. The SE side of the island is generally Anguilla is governed by a Governor appointed by the Queen.
much lower in elevation than the NW side of the island. The 11-member unicameral House of Assembly consists of
The climate is tropical oceanic, with rain throughout the two ex-officio members (the Deputy Governor and the Attor-
year, particularly between May and December. Tropical storms ney-General), two appointed members, and seven directly-
and hurricanes may occur between July and November. Gener- elected members who serve 5-year terms.
ally, summers are hotter than winters, although there is little The legal system is based on English common law.
variation in the temperatures. The capital is The Valley.
Pub. 140
10 Anguilla
ume 1.
Maritime Claims
The maritime territorial claims of Anguilla are, as follows:
Territorial Sea 12 miles.

Fisheries or Economic 200 miles.
Zone
Regulations
Flag of Anguilla
Marine Parks, designed to conserve the marine environment
Holidays around Anguilla, have been established in the following loca-
tions:
The following holidays are observed: 1. Dog Island.
2. Prickly Pear Cays and Seal Island Reef.
3. Shoal Bay and Island Harbour.
4. Rendezvous Bay
Good Friday Variable 5. Little Bay.
Easter Monday Variable 6. Sandy Island.
Various regulations, including no anchoring on the coral, ap-
May 5 Labor Day ply in these areas. White mooring buoys may be used by ves-
May 30 Anguilla Day sels under 16.8m long who have a Marine Park Mooring
Permit. Red mooring buoys are used by dive boats.
Second Saturday in June Queen’s Birthday Further details may be obtained from the Department of
December 25 Christmas Day Fisheries and Marine Resources, South Hill.
December 26 Boxing Day
Search and Rescue
Industries
The Anguilla Marine Police Unit is responsible for coordi-
The main industries are tourism, boat building, and offshore nating search and rescue operations in association with MRCC
financial services. Fort de France (Martinique).
The main exports are lobster, fish, livestock, salt, concrete MRCC Fort de France can be contacted, as follows:
blocks, and rum. The main import-trading partners are the 1. Telephone: 596-596-709292
United Kingdom, the United States, and Saint Martin. 596-596-731616
The main imports are fuels, foodstuffs, manufactured goods, 2. Facsimile: 596-596-632450
chemicals, trucks, and textiles. The main import-trading part- 3. E-mail: [email protected]
ners are the United States and the United Kingdom.
Time Zone
Languages
The Time Zone description is QUEBEC (+4). Daylight Sav-
English is the official language. ings Time is not observed.
Navigational Information U.S. Embassy

Enroute Volume Anguilla is a dependent territory of the United Kingdom.
Pub. 147, Sailing Directions (Enroute) Caribbean Sea Vol- There is no diplomatic representation.
Pub. 140
11
ANTIGUA AND BARBUDA
General 11 Chart No. 1 for further IALA Buoyage System information.

Buoyage System 11 Aids to navigation in Antigua and Barbuda may be missing
Cautions 11 or unreliable.
Currency 11
Holidays 12
Industries 12 Dangerous shoals lie up to 17 miles W of Barbuda, up to 14
Languages 12 miles W of Antigua, and in the channel between the two is-
Navigational Information 12 lands. Antigua should be approached with caution, as shoal
Search and Rescue 12 patches, over which there may be less water than charted, may
Ship Reporting System 12 be encountered.
Time Zone 13 There are over 80 known shipwrecks in the waters surround-
U.S. Embassy 13 ing Antigua and over 120 in the waters surrounding Barbuda.
General
Currency
Antigua and Barbuda lies in the central portion of the Lee-
ward Islands. The official unit of currency is the Eastern Caribbean dollar.
The local weather is generally dry and sunny, with the best
weather from November to May. The sea breezes moderate the Government
heat and humidity.
Antigua is low-lying and of volcanic origin. The island is of Antigua and Barbuda is a parliamentary democracy. The
modest elevation with a gently rolling aspect. The hills on the country is divided into six parishes and two dependencies.
SW side of the island are very irregular and serve as land- Elizabeth II, recognized as the Chief of State, appoints a
marks. Reefs and shoals surround most of the island. Governor-General. The Prime Minister and the cabinet are ap-
Barbuda is a flat, featureless coral island with a large lagoon pointed by the Governor-General. The bicameral Parliament is
on its W side. The island has a maximum elevation of only composed of a 17-member Senate (appointed by the Governor-
40m. General) and a 17-member House of Representatives (directly
elected under a system of proportional representation to 5-year
Buoyage System terms).
The legal system is based on English common law.
The IALA Buoyage System (Region B) is in effect. See The capital is St. John’s.
Pub. 140
12 Antigua and Barbuda
ume 1.
Maritime Claims
The maritime territorial claims of Antigua and Barbuda are,
as follows:
Territorial Sea * 12 miles.

Zone
Flag of Antigua and Barbuda Continental Shelf 200 miles or the Continen-
tal Margin.
Holidays
* Claims archipelagic status. Requires advance permis-
The following holidays are observed: sion or notification for innocent passage of warships in the
territorial sea.
Good Friday Variable
Easter Sunday Variable Search and Rescue
Easter Monday Variable The Antigua and Barbuda Defense Force Coast Guard is re-
First Monday in May Labor Day sponsible for coordinating search and rescue operations in as-
sociation with MRCC Fort de France (Martinique).
Whitmonday Variable MRCC Fort de France can be contacted, as follows:
Second Saturday in June Queen’s Birthday 1. Telephone: 596-596-709292
596-596-731616
First Monday in July Caricom Day 2. Facsimile: 596-596-632450
First Monday and Tuesday Carnival Days 3. E-mail: [email protected]
of August The Antigua and Barbuda Defense Force Coast Guard can be
contacted, as follows:
October 7 Merchants Holiday 1. Telephone: 1-268-4620671
November 1 Independence Day 2. Facsimile: 1-268-4622842
December 25 Christmas Day
Antigua and Barbuda Search and Rescue Association (AB-
December 26 Boxing Day SAR) is a voluntary organization dedicated to saving lives in
Antigua and Barbuda and the surrounding waters. It provides
Industries 24-hour coverage and works in close conjunction with the An-
tigua and Barbuda Defense Force Coast Guard. ABSAR can be
The main industries include tourism, construction, and light contacted, as follows:
manufacturing (clothing, alcohol, and household appliances). 1. VHF: VHF channel 16
The main exports are petroleum products, bedding, handi- 2. Telephone: 1-268-5621234
crafts, electronic components, transport equipment, foodstuffs, 3. Facsimile: 1-268-4633236
and livestock. The main export trading partners are Spain, Ger- 4. E-mail: [email protected]
many, Italy, and Singapore. 5. Web site: http://www.absar.org
The main imports are food, livestock, machinery and trans- A lifeboat station is located in English Harbour (17°00'N.,
port equipment, light manufactured goods, chemicals, and oil. 61°46'W.).
The main import-trading partners are the United States, China,
Germany, Singapore, and Spain.
Ship Reporting System
Languages
CARICOM (Caribbean Community) Advance Passenger
English is the official language. Several local dialects are al- Information System (APIS)
so spoken. CARICOM APIS is a mandatory reporting system providing
Advance Passenger Information (API) about passengers and
Navigational Information crew to the Joint Regional Communications Center (JRCC)
Barbados for vessels bound for or departing from a port in the
Enroute Volume CARICOM area. Further information can be found in Carib-
Pub. 147, Sailing Directions (Enroute) Caribbean Sea Vol- bean Sea—Ship Reporting System.
Pub. 140
Antigua and Barbuda 13
Time Zone The mailing addresses are, as follows:

1. Barbados address—
The Time Zone description is QUEBEC (+4). Daylight Sav- P.O. Box 302
ings Time is not observed. Bridgetown 11000
2. U. S. address—
3120 Bridgetown Place
U.S. Embassy Washington, DC (20521-3120)
The U. S. Ambassador to Barbados is accredited to Antigua U. S. Embassy Barbados Home Page

and Barbuda. The embassy is situated in Wildey Business Park, http://barbados.usembassy.gov
Wildey, St. Michael, Bridgetown.
Pub. 140
15
ARUBA
General 15 Cautions
Buoyage System 15
Currency 15 Many small fishing vessels may be found anchored up to 3
Government 15 miles off the coast of Aruba. It is very common for these ves-
Holidays 16 sels not to show any lights.
Industries 16 A tanker transfer area, best seen on the chart, is located
Languages 16 WSW of Aruba. Tankers in this area should be given a wide
Navigational Information 16 berth as they are either anchored or, if underway, unable to ma-
Pilotage 16 neuver.
Regulations 16 The prevailing trade winds sometimes carry dense smoke
Search and Rescue 16 from the oil refineries seaward. The resultant haze may obscure
Signals 16 the island until within a distance of 6 miles.
Time Zone 16 The NE coast of Aruba is exposed to heavy breakers and
U.S. Embassy 17 should not be approached.
General Currency
Aruba is an island located in the Caribbean Sea N of Venezu- The official unit of currency is the Aruban florin.
ela.
The climate is tropical marine, with little seasonal tempera- Government
ture variation. A brief rainy season occurs from October to De-
cember. Aruba is an integral part of the Kingdom of the Netherlands.
The terrain is flat, with a few hills and scant vegetation. The island is fully autonomous concerning internal affairs. The
Dutch government is responsible for defense and foreign af-
fairs.
Buoyage System The Chief of State is King Willem-Alexander of the Nether-
lands. Aruba is governed by a Governor-General, appointed by
The IALA Buoyage System (Region B) is in effect. See the King, for a 6-year term. The Prime Minister is elected by
Chart No. 1 for further IALA Buoyage System information. the Staten to a 4-year term. The unicameral Staten is composed
Pub. 140
16 Aruba
Enroute Volumes
Pub. 148, Sailing Directions (Enroute) Caribbean Sea Vol-
ume 2.
Maritime Claims
The maritime territorial claims of Aruba are, as follows:

Flag of Aruba Fisheries or Economic To median lines.
Zone
of 21 directly-elected members serving 4-year terms.
The legal system is based on Dutch civil law, with some En- * Claims straight baselines. Requires advance permission
glish common law influence. or notification for innocent passage of warships in the ter-
The capital is Oranjestad. ritorial sea.
Holidays Pilotage
The following holidays are observed: Pilotage is essential at all ports for anchoring and berthing
alongside.
January 25 G. F. Betico Croes Day Regulations
Carnival Variable Vessels carrying dangerous cargo must obtain special per-
Good Friday Variable mission before entering any port. Cargo in transit must be
stored in a sealed hold while in pot.
Easter Sunday Variable It is prohibited to dump oily wastes overboard within 50
Easter Monday Variable miles of the coast.
March 18 Flag Day Search and Rescue
April 30 Queen’s Day
See Curacao—Search and Rescue.
May 1 Labor Day
Ascension Day Variable Signals
Visual storms signals are displayed by day, as follows:
Signal Meaning
Industries Small craft warning.
One red triangular flag
Winds up to 34 knots
The main industries are tourism, petroleum transshipment
facilities, and banking. Two red triangular flags, Gale warning. Winds of
The main exports are livestock and animal products, art and vertically disposed 34 to 47 knots.
collectibles, machinery and electrical equipment, and transport One square red flag, with Whole gale warning.
equipment. The main export-trading partners are Colombia, the a centered black square Winds of 48 to 63 knots.
United States, the Netherlands, Mexico, and Venezuela.
The main imports are machinery and electrical equipment, Two square red flags, with
Hurricane warning. Winds
crude oil for refining and re-export, chemicals, and foodstuffs. a centered black square,
over 63 knots.
The main import-trading partners are the United States and the vertically disposed
Netherlands.
Languages Time Zone

Papiamento, a Spanish-Portuguese-Dutch-English dialect, The Time Zone description is QUEBEC (+4). Daylight Sav-
and Dutch are the official languages. ings Time is not observed.
Pub. 140
Aruba 17
U.S. Embassy The mailing address is P.O. Box 158, Willemstad, Curacao.
There is no U.S. embassy; the Consul General to Curacao is

accredited to Aruba.
U. S. Consulate Curacao Home Page
The U.S. Consulate is situated at J. B. Gorsiraweg #1, Wil-
http://curacao.usconsulate.gov
lemstad.
Pub. 140
19
BAHAMAS
General 19 and around the Bahamas.

Buoyage System 19 A significant amount of pleasure craft activity occurs in and
Cautions 19 around the Bahamas, as well as in the Straits of Florida be-
Currency 19 tween the Bahamas and the coast of Florida.
Firing Areas 19 High-speed ferries operate across the Straits of Florida be-
Government 19 tween the Bahamas and the E coast of Florida.
Holidays 20
Industries 20
Languages 20 Currency
Meteorology 20
Navigational Information 20 The official unit of currency is the Bahamian dollar, consist-
Search and Rescue 20 ing of 100 cents. United States currency is also in common use.
Time Zone 20
U.S. Embassy 20 Firing Areas
General A firing practice range, rectangular in shape, extends 9 miles
W and 8.5 miles S from the entrance to Coral Harbor
The Bahamas is an extensive chain of islands located in the (24°59'08.4''N., 77°29'54.6''W.).
Caribbean Sea SE of Florida.
The climate is tropical maritime and moderated by the warm Government
waters of the Gulf Stream.
The terrain consists of flat coral formations with some low The Bahamas is parliamentary democracy and an indepen-
rounded hills. dent commonwealth of the United Kingdom. The country is di-
vided into 31 districts.
Buoyage System Elizabeth II, recognized as the Chief of State, appoints a
Governor-General. The Prime Minister and the cabinet are ap-
The IALA Buoyage System (Region B) is in effect. See pointed by the Governor-General. The bicameral legislature is
Chart No. 1 for further IALA Buoyage System information. composed of a 16-member Senate (appointed by the Governor-
General to 5-year terms) and a 38-member House of Assembly
Cautions (directly elected to 5-year terms).
Significant amounts of deep-sea sport fishing take place in The capital is Nassau, New Providence.
Pub. 140
20 Bahamas
Enroute Volume
ume 1.
Maritime Claims
The maritime territorial claims are, as follows:

Flag of the Bahamas
Holidays Zone
The following holidays are observed: of Exploitation.
January 1 New Year’s Day * Claims archipelagic status.
Maritime Boundary Disputes
Easter Sunday Variable Unable to agree on the N axis of a maritime boundary with
Easter Monday Variable the United States.
First Friday in June Labor Day Search and Rescue

Whitmonday Variable
The Bahamas Air Sea Rescue Association (BASRA) is a
July 10 Independence Day voluntary organization working in cooperation with the U.S.
First Monday in August Emancipation Day Coast Guard and the Royal Bahamas Defense Forces.
October 12 Discovery Day The Bahamas Air Sea Rescue Association (BASRA) can be
December 25 Christmas Day contacted, as follows:
1. Telephone: 1-242-3258864 (daylight hours only)
2. Facsimile: 1-242-3252737
Industries 4. Web site: http://www.basra.org
The main industries are tourism, banking, oil bunkering, BASRA stations are located, as follows:
maritime industries, transshipment, salt production, rum, ara- 1. Abacos.
gonite, and pharmaceuticals. 2. Freeport.
The main exports are crawfish, aragonite, salt, and polysty- 3. The Berry Islands.
rene products. The main export-trading partners are Poland, 4. Nassau.
Ivory Coast, the United States, and the Dominican Republic. 5. Eleuthera.
The main imports are machinery and transport equipment, 6. Exumas.
manufactured goods, chemicals, mineral fuels, foodstuffs, and 7. Cat Island.
livestock. The main import partners are the United States, Chi- 8. Crooked Island.
na, Japan, Poland, South Korea, Colombia, Brazil and Singa- 9. Long Island.
pore.
Time Zone
Languages
The Time Zone description is ROMEO (+5). Daylight Sav-
English is the official language, with Creole being spoken by ings Time (QUEBEC (+4)) is maintained from the second Sun-
Haitian immigrants. day in March until the first Sunday in November.
Meteorology U.S. Embassy

Marine weather forecasts are available in English from the The embassy is situated in the Mosmar Building, 42 Queen
Bahamas Meteorological Department (http://bahamasweath- Street, Nassau.
er.org.bs). The mailing addresses are, as follows:
Pub. 140
Bahamas 21
1. Bahamas address— Washington, DC (20521-3370)

P.O. Box N-8197
Nassau U. S. Embassy Bahamas Home Page
2. U.S. address— http://bs.usembassy.gov
3370 Nassau Place
Pub. 140
23
BALTIC SEA
General 23 tions.
Buoyage System 23 In general, the Baltic Sea is shallow, with depths in the
Cautions 24 southern Baltic Sea rarely over 100m, between 100 and 200m
Climatology 24 in the central Baltic Sea, and less than l00m in the Gulf of
Currents 29 Bothnia.
Fishing Areas 29 An 18m deep channel through the Danish Straits connects
Ice 30 the North Sea and the Baltic Sea. The Sound forms a flat and
Navigational Information 33 shallow area between Denmark and Sweden, with a sill depth
Pilotage 33 of 8m between Copenhagen and Malmo. The Darss Sill, be-
Pollution 34 tween Darsser Ort and Gedser, has a depth of 8m and separates
Regulations 35 the Store Belt and the Arkona Basin. Depths greater than l00m
Routes 36 in the southern Baltic Sea are found in the Bornholm Basin and
Ship Reporting System 36 in the Gdansk depression.
Signals 36 Gotland is flanked by Gotland Deep to the W and Landsort
Tides 36 Deep to the E, with maximum depths of 246m and 459m, re-
Appendix I—Routes in and around the Baltic Sea 37 spectively. The southern Baltic shoals to the S to less than 20m.
Appendix II—Gulf of Finland Reporting System 41 The Gulf of Finland is shallower than 100m, as is most of the
Gulf of Bothnia, except for a deep valley SW of Aland with
General depths greater than 200m. Several deep but narrow channels
connect the Aland Sea with the Gulf of Bothnia. All basins in
The Baltic Sea is an intracontinental sea connected to the the Baltic Sea area are separated by one or more sills, with gen-
North Sea by the narrow Danish Straits (the Belts region of the eral depths of between 70 and l00m.
Kattegat). The influx of fresh water into the Baltic Sea exceeds
evaporation and results in a permanent salinity stratification. Buoyage System
The Neva River, flowing into the Gulf of Finland, and the
Vistula River, flowing into the Baltic Sea proper, are the two Navigational aids in the S and E parts of the Gulf of Finland
largest rivers in the region. The fresh water supply to the Baltic may at times be unreliable.
Sea (from precipitation, ice, and river runoff) generates a Some floating and fixed aids to navigation have been fitted
brackish outflow of surface water. More dense saline water en- with Automatic Identification System (AIS), as follows:
ters the Baltic Sea along the bottom of the Skagerrak and over 1. Real (synthetic) AIS.
the sills of the Kattegat under the proper environmental condi- 2. Virtual AIS—particularly used during winter months
Pub. 140
24 Baltic Sea
when conventional buoyage is withdrawn. Post Glacial Land Rise
For further information on AIS, see North Atlantic See Sweden—Cautions for further information.
Ocean—Navigational Information.
Maritime Administration (MARAD} Advisories
MARAD Advisories rapidly disseminate information on
Cautions maritime dangers, safety, government policy, and other time-
sensitive matters pertaining to U.S. flag vessel operations. For
Special Warning 120 (Issued 16 November 2001; reviewed further information, see North Atlantic Ocean—Cautions—
20 November 2014) Maritime Administration (MARAD} Advisories.
Information on Special Warning 120 can be found in North
Atlantic Ocean—Cautions. Climatology
Wind Effects on Water Levels General
In the Skagerrak, Kattegat, Baelterne, and The Sound, The Naval Research Laboratory Monterey, a corporate re-
changes in water level are caused primarily by large-scale search laboratory for the United States Navy and Marine
winds, atmospheric pressure variation over the North Sea and Corps, publishes port studies and forecaster handbooks that
the Baltic Sea, and differences in water level between the two may be of use to the mariner. These publications can be ac-
seas. The extreme water rise in Oslofjord due to winds may be cessed at the Naval Research Laboratory web site.
as much as 6m. West winds in the Skagerrak, or S winds in the The European Severe Weather Port Guide contains informa-
Kattegat and in Oslofjord, increase the water level; E winds in tion on the following ports:
the Skagerrak, or N winds in the Kattegat and in Oslo fjord 1. Germany—Kiel.
have the opposite effect. The highest water levels are in the vi- 2. Lithuania—Klaipeda.
cinity of the Baelterne and The Sound when gale winds ex- 3. Poland—Gdynia.
ceeding 28 knots persist over the Baltic Sea for an extended 4. Sweden—Gothenburg.
period. Under these conditions, the fetch over the Baltic Sea is
at a maximum and the rise of water in the southwestern Katte- Naval Research Laboratory Monterey Home Page
gat is considerable.
http://www.nrlmry.navy.mil/pubs.htm
In the Baltic Sea, the Gulf of Finland, and the Gulf of Both-
nia, the principal changes in water level are caused by meteoro- THE SKAGERRAK AND THE KATTEGAT
logical conditions. The entire water mass of the Baltic Sea can General.—Late fall and early winter brings the worst weath-
be set in oscillation by variation in winds or atmospheric pres- er to the Skagerrak-Kattegat area. The procession of fronts and
sure distribution. storms keeps winter skies under an almost continuous blanket
The natural period of oscillation of the Baltic Sea-Gulf of of clouds with many days of light rain or drizzle. The shortness
Finland system is about 27 hours. Maximum rises and falls of of the day adds to the bleakness and aids in keeping tempera-
water level of about 1m meter above or below mean water level tures steady. Low temperatures with a small diurnal range
can occur at Gedser Rev. Water level fluctuations are some- bring high relative humidities over much of the area. Inland
what lower to the W of this shoal. Changes in water level asso- ports up fjords and rivers experience more radical changes in
ciated with these oscillations are slow and vary from about 0.1 weather than do coastal ports. Temperatures vary more as do
to 0.25m in an hour. relative humidities, cloud cover and precipitation.
Short-period variations in water level of plus or minus 0.5m Weather patterns are depressingly redundant from October
within about an hour, a phenomenon known locally as “seebar- through January. Cloudy conditions (cloud cover greater than
en” (sea bears), are caused by wind shifts or sudden atmo- or equal to 6/8) can be expected on about 15 to 25 days per
spheric pressure changes associated with fronts of line squalls. month. They are most common in the Sound and least frequent
Also, water level fluctuations of plus or minus 0.5m may occur along the shores of the Skagerrak. However, fall and early win-
when the current flow into the Baelterne and The Sound has ter is the rainy season along the Norwegian coast where 102 to
persisted for several days. 178mm of precipitation per month fall on 10 to l5 days. Out-
side of Norway, 25 to 76mm occur on 8 to 12 days under
Kelp cloudy skies. Some of this precipitation falls as snow. Tem-
In certain places in the W part of the Baltic Sea, kelp can oc- peratures get below freezing from October through April or
cur in large quantities, particularly in the spring and fall. It May.
grows abundantly on sandy bottoms in depths of up to 9m and Freezing temperatures are most common in continental situ-
may extend to within 1 to 2m of the surface. Accumulation of ations along the German coasts, Sweden, northern Denmark,
dead kelp in autumn and spring may be thick enough to inter- and Norway. In general, nighttime lows can be expected to fall
fere with echo-sounder readings. to freezing or below on 15 to 26 days per month in mid winter.
During this season relative humidities are high with practically
Floating Hazards no diurnal variation. The average spread is about 5 per cent at
In the W waters of the Baltic Sea mariners are advised to most. Morning maximums in January range from 85 to 92 per
maintain a constant lookout for floating obstructions, fish cent, while afternoon minimums range from about 80 to 90 per
traps, fish pots, and sections of damaged piers, especially cent. Snow can occur from about October through May and is
during the winter and immediately thereafter. most probable in December, January and February. The proba-
Pub. 140
Baltic Sea 25
bility of snow decreases S through The Sound and the Cloudy conditions (cloud cover greater than or equal to 6/8)
Baelterne, but picks up slightly along the German coasts. The are at a minimum from May through September: however they
continental port of Oslo records snow on 61 days in an average still occur on 6 to 14 days per month. September is the least
year. This drops to 50 days along coastal Norway and to about cloudy month south of the Kattegat. The lack of cloudiness
40 days near Goteborg. In the Baelterne, 20 snow days occur helps create a wide temperature spread as 21.1°C daytime
on the average and increases to near 30 days at Rostock. readings fall into the low teens (°C) at night. This in turn is re-
January is usually a good snow month since temperatures are sponsible for a wide spread in relative humidities. These hu-
coldest. Daytime maximums are in the low single digits (°C) midities vary from the low 70 to upper 80 per cent range in the
except at inland ports like Oslo where the average January morning down to the 60 to 70 per cent range in the afternoon.
maximum is -2.8°C. Nighttime lows range from -3.9° to -1.1°C Humidities can drop to extremely low values when, occasion-
along the coasts to the upper single digits below 0°C up fjords ally a hot dry flow off the continent engulfs the area. This is
and rivers. Extreme low temperatures occur under clear skies most likely in late summer and can send temperatures soaring
when the Siberian High occasionally pushes over the area into the upper 20s to low 30s (°C) or above. Extreme tempera-
bringing a frigid easterly flow. Clear conditions (cloud cover tures range from the mid 30s (°C) in continental locations
less than or equal to 2/8) are observed on 1 to 7 days per month down to the upper 20s (°C) over coastal Norway. Oslo’s conti-
in January. When conditions are right temperatures can plum- nental location is reflected in its extreme of 33.9°C.
met to -17.8°C and below. Extremes range from -20.6°C at ex- Extratropical Cyclones.—A nearly continuous stream of
posed ports to -28.9°C at more continental locations. lows and fronts move through or near the Skagerrak and Katte-
By February changes in the weather patterns are already tak- gat, producing a variety of day to day weather. These storms
ing place and this is reflected in the average conditions. As are strongest in autumn and early winter. Most pass to the N,
days become a little longer and skies a little clearer, tempera- but still influence the weather with their large circulations and
tures begin a slight upward trend that becomes more apparent fronts. The winter storms that move directly through the region
in March when average temperatures increase 1° to 3°C. The bring strong, variable winds and rain or snow. Fronts move
number of cloudy days decrease. February marks the beginning through on the average of once or twice a week, except occa-
of a relatively dry season that extends through May. Precipita- sionally when a large high pressure system intrudes. In winter
tion amounts average 25 to 63mm on about 5 to 12 days per and spring these fronts sometimes become stationary, causing
month. Temperatures show their greatest rise in April and May. prolonged periods of cloudy rainy weather. Stationary fronts in
This results in a decrease and more of a variation in relative hu- the Skagerrak often trigger storm development.
midities. Morning ranges run from about 75 to 88 per cent, While early winter storms are usually the most potent, the
while afternoon humidities drop to the low 50 per cent to mid greatest number of lows that pass directly over the region occur
70 per cent range. in spring and summer. If these lows stall they can produce sev-
As spring melts into summer cloudiness continues to de- eral days of poor weather. This is less likely during these sea-
crease, temperatures rise and humidities fall. But rainfall sons with the weakening of the blocking Siberian High.
amounts increase. Outside of Norway’s autumn maximum, av- Stalling is most likely to occur when a low pressure system oc-
erage rainfall amounts are largest in August. Midsummer casionally drifts N from Poland. Lows and fronts in spring and
amounts range from 51 to 102mm mostly in showers and thun- summer are usually characterized by narrow bands of showers
derstorms on 10 to 14 days per month. Instability needed for followed by rapid clearing. These showers are often heavy.
shower activity is produced by frontal passages and surface Winds.—Along the Norwegian coast from Kristiansand to
heating. Heating alone is usually not enough along these Oslo, fall and early winter winds roughly follow the coastline.
coasts. By July, average maximums are around 21.1°C; slightly Northeast winds are common but not predominant. Winds from
cooler at exposed ports and slightly warmer at more sheltered the W through N are also common. At Oslo, from November
locations. Even at a continental port like Rostock, July tem- through February, N and NW winds prevail but are often sec-
peratures get above 24.4°C on only about 7 days. ondary to calms both in the morning and afternoon. Calms are
Thunderstorms are most often associated with frontal pas- also frequent at Kristiansand. February winds become even
sages from May through September. Along Skagerrak shores, more complex as the frequency of winds from the S quarter in-
they occur on just 6 to 8 days each season; Oslo records an av- crease. Average wind speeds range from 2 to 4 knots at protect-
erage of 11. They are slightly more frequent along Kattegat ed ports to up to 10 to 12 knots at more exposed locations.
coasts, particularly near the entrance to the Sound; 6 to 10 days Winter winds along the Kattegat coasts and the E shore of the
with thunderstorms can be expected in an average year. It is S Skagerrak assume the more familiar SW through W flow.
of the Kattegat that thunderstorms are most likely. Along the However, E and NE winds are quite common. At Stromstad
shores of Kiel Bay and Mecklenburger Bucht they occur on 12 and Goteborg calms are a frequent occurrence. In fact at Gote-
to 20 days annually and 2 to 5 days per month from May borg morning calms occur 20 to 30 per cent of the time from
through September. Along the shores of the Lille Baelt (Little July through May and 15 to 20 per cent of the time in the after-
Belt), thunderstorms are recorded on 8 to 15 days annually; in noons from November through March. In general, wind speeds
Great Belt and the Sound this figure drops to 10. Thunder- average 5 to 10 knots in winter. At Skagen, this average is
storms and showers are often responsible for heavy rainfall about 13 knots.
amounts in a short period of time. Record 24-hour amounts South through W winter winds are also common in the
most often occur in the summer and run 51 to 102mm. Even Sound, the Belts, and the entrance to the Baltic. Along the
with this rain, clear conditions (cloud cover less than or equal shores of the Baelterne, fall and winter winds are spread main-
to 2/8) are at a peak in May, June and July; about 5 to 10 days ly between the SE through NW at average speeds of 4 to 12
per month are clear. knots. Along Kiel Bay, winter winds blow at an average speed
Pub. 140
26 Baltic Sea
of 8 to 10 knots, often out of the S through W. On the coast of increase in winds off the water during the day with a decrease
Germany, SE through W winds at an average 10 to 13 knots are in land breezes. For example, at Wustrow, W winds, which are
common. the most common morning wind, nearly double in frequency
Beginning in February and continuing through spring, the al- by afternoon. Average wind speeds reach a peak of 8 to 10
ready variable winds become more variable and average wind knots in the afternoon.
speeds begin to show a diurnal variation. As the days become Gales.—The relative infrequency of coastal gales makes
longer and less cloudy, the land-sea breeze effect deflects exist- them more dangerous when they do occur. Gales in this region
ing winds and at times prevails. At Oslo, S and SW winds are occur on from 1 to 20 days annually while wind speeds be-
more frequent, particularly during the afternoon. East winds tween 28 and 34 knots are much more frequent. At Kobenhavn
are felt more often along the Norwegian coast. Average speeds for example, winds of gale force occur on the average of just 2
range from 2 to 8 knots in the morning and from 4 to 10 knots days annually while winds equal to or greater than 28 knots oc-
in the afternoon. Along the E shores of the Skagerrak and the cur on 26 days in an average year.
Kattegat, morning E winds become more common, as do after- The most dangerous coastal gale in the Skagerrak occurs in
noon winds from the SW through NW. Northeast and E winds southeastern Norway, where it is known as the “sno” or “elve-
are more frequent along the W shores of the Kattegat during gusts.” This winter wind has been known to drop temperatures
spring. In general, SW and W winds are still the most common by 17°C. It is a cold mountain outflow that streams down val-
winds along the shores of the Kattegat and to the S, particularly leys and fjords. It is a strong gusty wind that often occurs on
in the afternoon. In The Sound and the Baelterne, the tendency clear days and builds to gale force within a few hours. Shelter
is toward an increase in morning winds off the land and after- is often found in tributary fjords when main fjord winds are
noon winds off the water. At Kobenhavn in May, for example, strong. These winds are particularly strong in narrow channels
NW through N morning winds diminish and S and SW winds or around projecting headlands. Gales along the Norwegian
increase in frequency by afternoon. On the coast of Germany, coasts are most likely to occur with the most frequent wind di-
SE through S winds become less frequent during the day, while rection. Oksoy is one of the most exposed ports and gales blow
W and W winds are on the increase. Wind speed averages in on the average of 2 to 3 days per month from October through
general range from about 4 to 8 knots in the morning up to 5 to March. Oslo is a well-sheltered port where gales occur on the
12 knots during the afternoon. average of 1 day a year. When gales blow from the SW or W,
Land and sea breezes are most effective from about May the winds in Oslo fjord are usually 10 to 15 knots lighter than
through September. They often prevail and at other times de- along the Skagerrak coast. South gales, however, expose Oslo
flect existing flow. They can strengthen or weaken this existing fjord. Southeast gales are strongest along the S tip of Norway.
flow but on the average wind speeds are stronger in the after- Just off Skagen, on the northern tip of Denmark, winds equal to
noon than they are in the morning. The sea breeze is the more or greater than 28 knots blow on an average of 5 to 6 days per
influential of the two. For example, summer winds up Oslo month from October through March.
fjord in the morning are a struggle of opposing forces with S Along the Kattegat coasts, the occasional NW winds of win-
winds, NE winds, and calms in the battle. By afternoon, there ter and early spring can be dangerous. In the violent squalls
is little doubt as to the prevailing wind; at Oslo S and SW that sometimes accompany these winds, a vessel may find it-
winds rule. The sea breeze effect from Kristiansand to Faeder self against a lee shore, owing to a sudden wind shift, at a time
is complicated by the fact that it is perpendicular to the prevail- when heavy snow obscures all landmarks. The E winter wind
ing wind. It is, therefore, most noticeable on quiet summer can also be dangerous particularly in the E approaches to the
days. At these times an E breeze will develop shortly after sun- Kattegat. In exceptionally heavy weather it can reach 50 knots
rise and will gradually veer through the day, ending up from and be accompanied by snow and intense cold. These winds
the SW by late afternoon. This progressively varying wind is are generated by a buildup in high pressure over Russia and
known locally as “Solgangsver.” Scandinavia, so are just as likely to be preceded by a rising as a
From Oslo S along the W coast of Sweden, the story is the falling barometer. Strongest winds along the German coast
same. In the morning SW and W winds are most frequent, fol- blow most frequently from a S through W direction; gales oc-
lowed closely by calms and E winds which are generated by cur on an average of 1 to 4 days per month from October
the land breeze. By afternoon, SW and W winds dominate the through May. In general, winds are strongest in the S part of
wind picture as a result of the sea breeze, the prevailing wind, the Baelterne leading to the Baltic Sea. At Marstal, for exam-
and the combination of both. The sea breeze is less effective ple, winds reach 41 knots or more on 1 to 3 days per month
along the Kattegat’s W shore, since it opposes the normal pre- from September through March while Samso and Goteberg
vailing flow. In the Baelterne and The Sound, SW and W have 2 to 3 days with these winds each year. The open waters
morning winds either increase or decrease in frequency during of the Kattegat are more exposed to strong winds than the
the day, depending on the direction of the sea breeze. It usually coasts. Gale-force winds are infrequent from May through Au-
coincides with the prevailing directions, however. In some cas- gust, when they are occasionally generated by a thunderstorm.
es, the sea breeze reroutes the prevailing wind to the S or SE. Visibility.—Fog and poor visibilities are least frequent over
The average wind speeds increase by 2 to 4 knots during the the open waters of the Skagerrak and Kattegat. In the confined
day, with afternoon speeds averaging 8 to 12 knots. waterways of The Sound, Baelterne, and the numerous fjords,
Along the shores of Kiel Bay, the sea breeze seems to play a fog provides a hazard to already hazardous navigation. The fog
secondary role to the prevailing SW to NW flow. The pure sea that produces these visibilities occurs most often from autumn
breeze when conditions allow comes into Kiel Bay from the to spring with a maximum period in winter. It is a land fog that
NE and more from the E or N at other locations. Summer develops under clear skies and light wind, and then drifts out
winds on the German coast, leading to the Baltic Sea, show an over the water. Because of the lack of sunlight in these seasons
Pub. 140
Baltic Sea 27
it does not dissipate rapidly. Inland, it occurs as cold air from per month during that period.
the highlands drains down into the fjords under quiet condi- January and February are the coldest months along the Baltic
tions. Winter fog may also form when sea ice cools a warm Sea coasts. Extreme low temperatures can occur during this pe-
damp SE flow or when a light cold wind blows over relatively riod if a large high moves off the continent and brings a frigid
warm water. Good visibilities are most frequent when strong N E flow over the Baltic Sea. Recorded extremes range from -
winds bring an Arctic flow over Europe. 14.4°C at Sandvig down to -31.1°C at Kalingrad. Usually min-
Along the coast of Norway, visibilities drop below 0.6 mile imum temperatures fall below freezing on 20 to 26 days per
on 2 to 5 days per month from October through April. At Oslo, month; their average ranges from -6.7° to -1.1°C. Daytime
these visibilities occur on 3 to 12 days per month from Septem- maximums range from -1.7°C at Riga, to 2.8°C at Sandvig. An
ber through April, with the maximum occurring in December average temperature spread of 4° to 5°C results in a 2 to 4 per
and January. In general, most fjords have a fog frequency simi- cent diurnal variation of relative humidities in December and
lar to Oslo’s. At Skagen, fog occurs on 2 to 6 days per month in January. Early morning maximum relative humidities average
every month but August. Along the shores of The Sound, fog is in the upper 80 to low 90 per cent range; afternoon minimums
prevalent from September through April, when it occurs on range from the mid to upper 80 per cent range. Frequent days
about 4 to 12 days per month, reaching a peak from December of light rain or snow continue through the winter. Average
through March. Although there is little diurnal variation, fog is measurable amounts of 25 to 51mm fall on 8 to 10 days per
most likely during the morning hours. Through the Baelterne, winter month. Snow occurs on about 7 to 14 days per month
fog occurs on about 3 to 10 days per month from September from December through March and on more than 2 days per
through April. Along the N coasts of Germany fog is also re- month from November through April. Precipitation often falls
ported on 3 to 10 days per month, with a peak in late fall and under cloudy conditions which occur 15 to 22 days per month
early winter. Summertime brings good visibilities to almost the from November through February. Clear skies are seen on just
entire region. Radiation fog can form in the morning hours if 1 to 3 days per month during this period. Fog is still common
clear quiet conditions have prevailed during the night. Howev- and occurs on 2 to 10 days per month at most locations.
er, this fog is quickly dissipated by the rising sun. Most suscep- In early spring, fogs often occur when warm, moist air
tible to summer morning fogs are Skagen, Oksoy, and Samso. moves over cooler water or melting ice. These fogs may be
patchy. By late spring, fog becomes more infrequent and skies
BALTIC SEA in general become clearer. The skies are clearest from May
General.—Autumn through early winter are the worst times through September along the Baltic Sea coasts. At Visby, for
along Baltic Sea shores. Rainy, foggy days, cool temperatures, example, in an average June, there are 5 cloudy days and 9
and clouds abound. Spring and early summer are the best clear days. Along with this improvement is the decline in rainy
times; skies are blue, visibilities are good, temperatures are days. Minimum rainfall amounts of less than 50mm usually oc-
mild, and rain is infrequent. cur in February or march. Rain falls on only about 6 to 8 days
Shorter days and cloudy skies bring an ominous look to the per spring month and snow is rare by May, as are freezing tem-
Baltic in autumn. Those cloudy days (cloud cover greater than peratures. Average nighttime minimums are up to the upper
or equal to 6/8), which numbered less than a dozen in Septem- single digits (°C) by May. Daytime highs climb from around
ber, become more and more frequent until by December their 4.4°C in March to the mid to upper teens (°C) by May. This in-
number has grown to 18 to 22. Clear days (cloud cover less fluences relative humidities which average from the low 70 to
than or equal to 2/8) occur just once or twice in December. Un- mid 80 per cent range during the morning and down to the mid
der these cloudy skies, rain and snow become frequent. While 50 to mid 70 per cent by afternoon.
amounts average just 25 to 76mm, they occur over a period of Summer days are warmest, on the average, in July and Au-
8 to 14 days per month. At Riga, for example, precipitation gust, when under partly cloudy skies temperatures climb to
falls on 12 to 14 days per month from August through Novem- around 21.1°C and relative humidities fall into the 60 per cent
ber. Beginning in October, this could occur as snow. Early and range. Sometimes if it warms up enough. an afternoon shower
late season snows usually melt upon reaching the ground. The or thunderstorm may develop on the coast. Showers occur on 8
real snow season is from December through March. Below to 12 days per month and become thunderstorms on 2 to 4 of
freezing nighttime temperatures are common by October. The these days. Showers can also be triggered by fronts moving
following month, average nighttime lows are around the freez- through the Baltic Sea. They bring amounts totaling 635mm
ing mark, with average daily maximums in the mid single dig- per month on the average. At times, these showers can be
its (°C). This range of temperatures shortens the wide summer heavy and maximum 24-hour amounts range from 51 to
range of relative humidities while the decreasing temperatures 102mm along Baltic shores. Temperature extremes occur when
help raise humidities. By November, early morning humidity hot dry air flows off the continent. Record highs range from the
readings are in the 84 to 92 per cent range with afternoon hu- upper 20s to the mid 30s (°C). Summer nights are pleasant as
midities dropping into the low to mid 80 per cent range. When temperatures drop into the low teens (°C) while humidities
humidities are high, nighttime skies are clear, and conditions climb to the 75 to 90 per cent range. Early morning fog is a
are calm, there is an excellent chance of fog. The rapidly cool- possibility under clear nighttime skies at the more continental
ing land produces a radiation fog which often drifts out over ports. This is usually a shallow land fog which dissipates soon
coastal waters. Fog may also form when a mild flow of warm after sunrise.
moist air moves over cooler waters. At Kalmar and Stockholm, Extratropical Cyclones.—The day-to-day weather along
this occurs with south and west winds during fall and winter. the Baltic Sea shores is produced mainly by the low pressure
Snow and rain add to the poor visibilities, which are at their systems that move through or near the area. These storms are
worst from October through March. Riga averages 6 to 11 days largest and most intense in late autumn and early winter. Most
Pub. 140
28 Baltic Sea
come from the Atlantic Ocean; the most intense are those that the ice practically prohibits navigation of these waters. The
move E across Denmark and then NE across southern Sweden first snow usually occurs in October and the last in early May.
into Finland. The secondary Skagerrak lows can also become From November through March snow falls on 10 to 20 days
intense in the Baltic Sea. Winter storms blocked or forced NE per month except near the entrance to the Gulf of Finland,
by the mountains of Scandinavia are often large enough to where 5 to 10 snow days per month can be expected. From De-
bring a S to SW flow over the Baltic Sea. The occasional cember through March, snow depths can reach 50 to 75cm
storms that move into the area from the Barents Sea bring bad along the northern Gulf of Bothnia coasts and the E shores of
weather to the entire Baltic Sea. Spring and summer lows are the Gulf of Finland. Maximum daily temperatures in these ar-
less intense but can trigger heavy showers and thunderstorms eas usually remain below freezing from November through
along the Baltic Seacoasts. Most of these come from the W April and mid-winter minimums fall to about -11 to -16°C on
Some stall E of Stockholm and cause extended periods of the average. Shores along the entrance to the Gulf of Finland
clouds and rain. Occasionally, shallow summer lows drift N and the Gulf of Bothnia are moderated somewhat by the warm-
from Poland and bring periods of heavy rains. er Baltic waters. Extreme temperatures range from -23 °C at
Winds.—A general S through W flow is prevalent along these entrances to -40°C in the eastern and northern reaches of
Baltic Sea shores from September through January or Febru- the Gulfs. The low temperatures bring high relative humidities
ary. At some ports, like Riga and Klaipeda, topography is re- with little diurnal variation. Skies are cloudy from late summer
sponsible from a high frequency of SE winds. These winds are through early spring. December is the grayest month; cloudy
mainly the result of large storm systems moving to the north. conditions (cloud cover greater than or equal to 6/8) can be ex-
Variability is introduced when storms move through the Baltic pected on up to 26 days at Tallinn and Leningrad. Clear condi-
Sea. Fronts passing through often bring a following NW flow, tions (cloud cover less than or equal to 2/8) are infrequent at
while large highs from off the continent bring E winds. Day-to- any time of the year. Snow and fog are responsible for poor
day winds are variable but there is little regular variation in di- winter visibilities. Heavy snow, even in high winds, can reduce
rection or speed. Average wind speeds range from 6 to 10 visibility to a few yards. Blizzard conditions can occur in this
knots. region. Winter fog is often the type which forms when cold air
Even more variable are the winds of spring. At many loca- blows off the land or ice, over relatively warmer waters. This is
tions this change is noticeable by February. In March, there is called sea smoke and is most frequent in autumn. Poor visibili-
an increase in the frequency of N through E winds. Morning ties are most likely along the Gulf of Finland shores. From
winds, at some locations, are variable in direction. The land- September through April, visibilities fall below 0.6 mile on 4
sea breeze begins to take hold in March. In calm weather it to 8 days per month on these shores and on 2 to 5 days per
dominates, but more often it acts to deflect and either strength- month along Gulf of Bothnia coasts. Best visibilities are en-
en or weaken existing flow. Ports with a W exposure to the countered along the Swedish coast.
Baltic Sea, like Klaipeda, are subject to an afternoon increase Spring is a season of moderating temperatures, clearing
in SW through NW winds and a decrease in N through E skies, and the fewest days with precipitation. Summer brings
winds. Along the southern Baltic Sea coast at a port like pleasant temperatures, showers and partly cloudy skies. Spring
Swinoujscie, the frequency of N and NW winds becomes more and summer are the least cloudy seasons along the shores of
prevalent during the day while S and SW winds fall off. the Gulfs of Bothnia and Finland. Clear conditions occur on up
Wind speeds in spring and summer also show a significant to 4 to 8 days per month, while cloudy conditions are observed
diurnal variation. Average speeds range from 4 to 8 knots in the on as few as 6 to 12 days per month. The best conditions occur
morning and 10 to 12 knots during the afternoon. during May, June, and July, when shallow lows bring narrow
Gales.—Along the Baltic Sea coasts, an encounter with bands of clouds and showers. Showers and thunderstorms are
strong winds is most likely from October through March. At responsible for much of the spring and summer rain. Totals are
exposed ports, gales occur on up to 5 days per month from No- usually greatest in August with averages of 51 to 76mm. These
vember through February, while at a protected port like Stock- showers can reduce visibilities briefly, but in general, visibili-
holm gales occur on less than 5 days in an average year. Winter ties at ports improve during the spring and are best in June and
gales most often ride SW winds. In spring, gales from the NE July. This is not true over open water and at entrances to ports
may be encountered when a low moves across Poland, from the where mild winds blowing over cooler waters cause consider-
Adriatic Sea, and pushes up against a large high over Scandina- able fog in summer. The fog at ports usually forms in the early
via. In general, gales can be expected on 2 days per month or morning and is quickly burnt off by the increasing tempera-
less from May through July. Summer gales are often from the tures. Temperatures on summer afternoons rise above 21°C
NW Thunderstorms and squalls may produce brief gusts of from about May through September but mostly in July, when
gale force. Ports most susceptible to summer gales include they get up over 21°C on 10 to 20 days.
Klaipeda, Riga, and Kalmar. Temperature rises begin in March and continue through July.
Biggest rises occur from March through June when average
GULF OF BOTHNIA AND GULF OF FINLAND daily maximums increase from the low single digits below 0°C
General.—The climate of the Gulfs of Bothnia and Finland, and low single digits (°C) to the upper teens (°C) and average
particularly the eastern Gulf of Finland and northern Gulf of daily minimums increase from single digits below 0°C to upper
Bothnia, is more continental than that of the other regions. This single digits (°C). During this same period, relative humidities
means a greater temperature range and more snow. The region drop off and their diurnal variation becomes greater. By June,
is sheltered somewhat by the mountains of Scandinavia, which maximums in the 70 per cent range and minimums into the 60
results in scanty precipitation amounts. per cent range are common. July is usually the warmest month;
Late autumn and winter weather is the worst and along with average daily maximums range from 18.3° to 23.9°C while
Pub. 140
Baltic Sea 29
minimums run in the low teens (°C). Extremes are most likely in October, while more and more the prevailing winds tend to
in June, July or August when temperatures from the upper 20s remain the same all day.
to mid 30s (°C) have been recorded. Lows in midsummer have Gales.—Gales are infrequent along the shores of the two
dipped below freezing at only a very few ports. Freezing tem- gulfs. The most exposed coast lies between Tallinn and Vy-
peratures usually occur last in May and start again in Septem- borg. Winds reach 30 knots or more on from about 20 to 40
ber. Days with snow, therefore, do not occur from June through days annually. These winds are most likely from fall through
August. Rain, however, occurs on about 6 to 12 days per month spring and can occur on up to 5 days per month in winter.
during this period and thunderstorms can be expected on 1 to 4 When a large winter Siberian high pushes W, cold strong E
days per month from May through September. winds can blow without let-up for several days. The coasts of
Extratropical Cyclones.—The Gulf of Bothnia and the Finland and Sweden are sheltered from strong winds. At Hel-
Gulf of Finland are shielded from many storms by the moun- sinki, gales just don’t occur and Haparanda hasn’t recorded a
tains of Scandinavia. Most storms move into the area from the wind of 41 knots or more in 16 years of observations. In gener-
S through W. Large winter storms to the W and N of Norway al, gales along these coasts occur on less than 10 days a year.
are effective weather producers in the gulfs. They also can trig- Umea is one of the more exposed locations; winds of 41 knots
ger Skagerrak lows, which may move through the area bring- or more occur on 9 days annually.
ing strong rapidly-shifting winds. Lows that move directly over
the gulfs are often more frequent in spring and summer. They Currents
are, however, weak shallow systems with narrow bands of
clouds and showers. Mean flow in the Baltic is very weak. Circulation is general-
Winds.—Along the shores of the Gulf of Finland and the ly cyclonic (counterclockwise) and is driven by density differ-
Gulf of Bothnia, the winter wind regime becomes established ences due to the Coriolis effect. Mean current velocities in the
in November and breaks down in March. Wind directions on surface layer are a few centimeters per second (less than 0.1
both shores of the Gulf of Finland and on the E shore of the knot) and are less than 1 cm/sec (less than 0.02 knot) at the bot-
Gulf of Bothnia vary mainly from SE to SW at a average of 7 tom. In areas where the channel constricts or the depth decreas-
to 14 knots. There is little diurnal variation in either direction es over a sill, current velocities increase to 1 to 2 knots.
or speed on these short days. Along the E coast of Sweden to- Mean flow in the Baltic is slightly more persistent along the
pography interferes with this prevailing flow and at many ports E coast than along the W coast due to the freshwater influx and
it becomes secondary to N winds caused by cold air flowing the Coriolis effect. Storms over the Baltic Sea are frequent and
down the mountains. Wind speeds are also less and run 5 to 8 may be persistent, but mean winds are light and they do not af-
knots on the average. An extreme example of sheltering occurs fect the general circulation.
at Harnosand, Sweden where from November through Febru- In the Gulf of Bothnia and the Gulf of Finland circulation is
ary calms occur about one-half of the time. Come February, cyclonic, with an average speed of 1 cm/sec (0.02 knot). There
there is a noticeable increase in NE winds along all coasts and is one large counterclockwise gyre in the Bothnian Bay and an-
more variability in general. At Helsinki, N and NE winds are other in the Bothnian Sea. In the Gulf of Bothnia, Gulf of Fin-
the two most common directions in February. As days grow land, and parts of the northern Baltic Sea, the surface current is
longer the sea breeze alters the prevailing flow; along all coasts proportional to the wind speed and may increase to 1.5 knots.
there is a noticeable increase in onshore components from Strong E winds may cause the surface currents throughout the
morning to afternoon. The sea breeze influence is also reflect- Gulf of Finland to set W. Strong W winds may cause the sur-
ed in the wind speeds, which increase from 7 to 10 knots in the face currents throughout the Gulf of Finland to set W.
morning to 10 to 12 knots during the afternoon. Mean currents in the Aland Sea are S at the surface and N
The land-sea breeze effect reaches a peak in summer. Morn- near the bottom; flow reversals in the surface layer due to the
ing winds tend to be variable, particularly when the land breeze wind may last for several months.
comes from a different direction than the normal flow. At Han-
ko, Finland for example, normal flow is from the S through Fishing Areas
SW while land breezes, which occur when normal flow is
slack, are from a N direction. The result is that in July, at Han- Drift nets are used to catch salmon, herring, and mackerel.
ko, morning directions that occur 10 to 14 per cent of the time The nets, which may be up to 2 miles long, may be laid either
include N, E, SE, S, SW, NW, and calm. Sea breezes can in a straight line or on the perimeter of a circle; their effective
strengthen or sometimes can reverse existing winds. Therefore depth, which is regulated by floats, is between 6m and 8m. The
the variable light winds of morning give way to a preponder- nets are normally marked by lights, radar reflectors, and buoys
ance of off-the-water breezes during the afternoon. North com- displaying flags. Salmon may also be caught in the same areas
ponents are common along the S shore of the Gulf of Finland, using drift lines which may extend up to 9 miles from the ves-
while S components are common along the N shore of the Gulf sel. The fishing seasons are, as follows:
of Finland. In the Gulf of Bothnia, W components are prevalent 1. Salmon.—September to June.
in the afternoon along the E shores, while E components are 2. Herring.—Early spring and from June to November,
found on W shores. Morning wind speeds that average 7 to 9 although it is of little importance in Kattegat.
knots increase to a 10 to 13-knot range in the afternoon. Sep- 3. Mackerel.—Beginning of May to the end of June. Car-
tember remains very much like summer, with sea breezes still ried out N of 56°50'N.
evident and morning winds still variable. There is an afternoon Trawling takes place year round in depths of 25m to 350m.
increase in wind speed but it is just slightly less than it was in The trawl may be towed by a single vessel using otter boards or
mid-summer. This wind speed increase is even less noticeable by two vessels using kites
Pub. 140
30 Baltic Sea
Seine net fishing occurs year round along the entire W coast late February as the temperature in the S waters continue to
of Sweden, in Skagerrak, and the North Sea, usually in depths drop to 2°C. By March, the surface waters begin to warm
of 25 to 300m. again, ending the ice season.
In areas of bottom net fishing it should be expected that, es-
pecially during winter, broken and drifting net posts dangerous Kattegat, The Sound, and The Baelt
to small craft may be encountered. Kattegat.—Ice starts forming along the Swedish coast near
Goteborg at the beginning of January. Some time later, it is
possible to find ice of very low concentrations (below 10 per
Ice cent) everywhere near the Swedish and Danish coasts. By the
end of January, ice of very low concentration can be sporadi-
General cally found in the whole area of Kattegat.
The ice season begins in general in later October and ends in In mid-February the concentrations can reach 25 per cent
early March in the Baltic Sea. The surface water temperature in near the Swedish coast but in the rest of the area, values are
the southern Baltic Sea is 10° to 11°C when ice begins to form somewhat lower. At the beginning of March the situation is
in the northern Baltic Sea. The 10°C difference between N and very similar to that at the end of January and by the end of
S surfaces waters decreases throughout the winter. In March, March are similar to that of mid-January.
increasing solar radiation warms the surface waters and the ice At the beginning of April, ice (with very low concentration)
begins to break up. The entire Baltic Sea freezes over during a can only be found near the Danish and Swedish coasts and by
severe winter, except for a small area in the extreme S. Large the middle of the month Kattegat is totally ice free.
sections of the Baltic Sea remain ice-free during a mild winter, The thickness of the ice in the central area of Kattegat does
with a temperature of 4°C in the southern Baltic Sea. not exceed 10cm except possibly in the second half of Febru-
The ice season may start 2 weeks early or late and end 2 ary, when it can be between 10 and 20cm. Near the Swedish
weeks early or late, depending upon how much heat has been coast the latter values are known to occur between early Febru-
stored in Baltic Sea waters during the previous summer. During ary and mid-March.
summer, the thermocline is steep and near the surface. Heat is The Sound.—In the first days of the year the sea starts
lost from surface water in the fall as strong winds mix the wa- freezing in the central part of The Sound, creating ice of a very
ter column to a depth of 60m. Freezing begins in late Novem- low concentration. By mid-January, ice of a very low concen-
ber during an average year. tration can exist within the entirety of The Sound. At the end of
January, ice concentrations as high as 25 per cent can be found
Gulf of Bothnia and Gulf of Finland in the central part of The Sound.
By early January, ice covers all of the Bothnian Bay, but in In February and early March it is possible to find concentra-
the central Bothnian Sea the temperature is 1°C and the water tions between 10 and 25 per cent in the whole Sound. By mid-
remains open until late February. By early February, the Gulf March, the concentrations are again below 10 per cent and in
of Finland is ice-covered. The Bothnian Sea remains open until April, The Sound is ice free.
Baltic Sea—Ice Information

Entity Contact information Remarks
Telephone 358-9-685-7659 An online service with
information on winter
358-9-685-7639
Facsimile navigation. This service
358-9-685-7659 includes a daily ice chart and ice
report covering the entire Baltic
Sea area, the positions of
Baltic Icebreaking
icebreakers, traffic restrictions
Management
in force, and other useful
(BIMWeb)
information concerning winter
Web site http://www.baltice.org navigation. Information on the
web is available free of charge;
information can be delivered by
mail, facsimile, or e-mail for a
fee.
Baltic Sea Portal of
Further useful information on
the Institute of Web site http://www.itameriportaali.fi/en/tietoa/jaa/en_gb/jaa
Baltic Sea ice
Marine Research
Pub. 140
Baltic Sea 31
Baltic Sea—Ice Information

49-3-814563780 A daily ice report issued from
Monday through Friday.
Telephone 49-3-814563782
Includes station reports, regional
49-3-814563787 overviews, 4 to 5 day ice
Facsimile 49-3-814563949 forecasts, the operational area of
German
icebreakers, and restrictions to
Bundesmtes fur E-mail [email protected] navigation for assistance. Once
Seschifffahrt und
http://www.bsh.de/en/Marine_data/Observations/ a week a reference ice chart
Hydrographie
Ice/Index.jsp covering the entire region of the
(BSH)
Baltic Sea is produced. An ice
Web site chart showing the ice cover of
http://www.bsis-ice.de the W part of the Baltic Sea and
the North Sea coast is produced
daily, if ice is present.
Table of Ice Dates at Various Ports in the Gulf of Finland and the Gulf of Bothnia
Years Onset Clearance
Place
Observed Earliest Average Latest Earlies Average Latest
Sweden
Gavle 34 17 November 28 December 23 February 31 December 4 January 16 May
Sandarme 30 19 November 19 December 22 February 12 February 18 April 23 May
Hudiksvall 30 19 November 19 December 9 March 17 February 23 April 13 May
Harnosand 34 17 November 1 January 22 February 19 February 10 April 16 May
Umea 34 9 November 16 December 27 February 6 February 15 April 22 May
Skelleft-
30 4 November 14 December 2 March 27 February 8 May 28 May
ehamn
Pitsundet 30 9 November 19 December 23 January 29 March 8 may 28 May
Lulea 34 25 October 20 November 14 December 4 May 16 May 28 May
Estonia
Tallinn 38 21 December 22 January — — 6 April 14 May
Osmussaar 42 17 December 30 January — — 10 April 18 May
Russia
Vyborg 40 5 November 28 November 2 January 8 April 29 April 12 May
Sankt Peter-
40 5 November 29 November 2 January 8 April 20 April 15 May
burg
Kronshtadt 47 21 October 16 November 24 December 6 April 3 May 21 May
Finland
Roytta 30 15 October 5 November 29 November 1 May 20 May 1 June
Kemi 34 1 November 3 December 1 January 19 April 22 May 10 June
Oulu 30 15 October 5 November 2 December 19 April 5 May 29 May
Raahe 30 24 October 15 November 30 December 13 April 8 May 29 May
Kokkola 34 21 October 25 November 2 January 9 April 5 May 26 May
Pietarsaari 30 27 October 23 November 28 December 21 March 27 April 20 May
Vaasa 34 22 October 27 November 8 January 26 March 25 April 20 May
Pub. 140
32 Baltic Sea
Table of Ice Dates at Various Ports in the Gulf of Finland and the Gulf of Bothnia
Years Onset Clearance
Place
Observed Earliest Average Latest Earlies Average Latest
Kaskinen 30 25 October 12 December 17 January 21 March 23 April 20 May
Pori-Manty-
29 12 November 2 December No ice No ice 10 April 20 May
luoto
Rauma 34 29 October 11 December 16 February 1 January 14 April 20 May
Uusikaupun-
30 20 November 15 December 2 February 4 February 19 April 20 May
ki
Turku 34 30 October 15 December 15 February 20 February 7 April 2 May
Maarianham-
34 10 December 1 January 6 March 30 January 5 April 5 May
ina
Russaro 34 28 December 26 January 10 March 1 January 9 April 11 May
Hanko 34 12 December 11 January 24 February 29 December 8 April 3 May
Helsinki 34 11 November 19 December 2 January 13 February 11 April 8 May
Loviisa 34 9 November 12 December 20 January 13 March 20 April 11 May
Orrengrund 34 5 December 1 January 19 February 10 January 19 April 17 May
Kotka 30 19 November 11 December 20 January 8 February 17 April 8 May
Hamina 30 14 November 7 December 15 January 27 March 23 April 15 May
Table of Ice Dates at Various Ports in Norway and Sweden in Skaggerat and Kattegat
Onset Clearance
Place
Earliest Average Latest Earlies Average Latest
Norway
Kristiansandsfjorden 29 January 10 February 23 February 7 February 3 March 17 March
Grimstad 16 December 13 February 12 March 16 December 18 March 24 March
Galtesundet 2 January 8 February 16 March 7 February 22 March 19 April
Brevikfjorden 14 December 25 January 26 February 16 December 21 March 19 April
Larviksfjorden 1 December 26 January 21 March 4 January 12 March 20 April
Oslo 16 December 27 January 3 March 16 December 27 February 12 April
Halden 2 December 12 January 24 February 1 February 13 March 20 April
Sweden
Stromstad 1 January 13 February 17 March 10 January 21 March 22 April
Lysekil 20 January 7 February 21 February 20 February 17 March 12 April
Marstrand 7 January 8 February 28 February 28 February 14 March 9 April
The thickness of the ice is never greater than 10cm, except still less than 10cm thick except in Smalandsfarvandet, where
possibly in the second half of February, when it can have val- it can have a thickness between 10 and 20cm. In the second
ues between 10 and 20cm. half of February and in the first few days of March, the latter
The Baelt.—In the beginning of January, ice of a very low values can be found anywhere in the areas covered by ice. In
concentration may exist in the central part of this region and by Smalandsfarvandet the thickness of ice is typically between 20
the middle of the month, it can exist everywhere. By the end of and 30cm.
January, concentrations between 10 and 25 per cent can be The situation at the beginning of March is similar to that at
found in Lillebaelt and in Smalandsfarvandet. The thickness of the end of January and, at the end of March, is similar to that at
the ice is typically less than 10cm. the beginning of January. The thickness of ice is below 10 cm
During February, ice of 10 to 25 per cent concentration may throughout the region by the end of March and is ice free in
be found everywhere. In the first half of this month the ice is April.
Pub. 140
Baltic Sea 33
Navigational Information gat.

Pub. 194, Sailing Directions (Enroute) Baltic Sea (Southern
Deep-Water Routes Part).
IMO-recommended Deep-Water Routes in the Baltic Sea are Pub. 195, Sailing Directions (Enroute) Gulf of Finland and
located, as follows: Gulf of Bothnia.
1. Between Hatter Rev and Hatter Barn. (Denmark)
2. Off the East Coast of Langeland. (Denmark)
3. Northeast of Gedser. (Denmark) Pilotage
4. Off Gotland Island. (Sweden)
5. Inside the Borders of the North Aland Sea TSS. (Swe- Deep Sea Pilotage is strongly recommended by IMO Regu-
den) lation A.1081(28) and the Baltic Pilotage Authorities Commis-
6. Inside the borders of the South Aland Sea TSS. (Swe- sion for the following vessels:
den) 1. Vessels constrained by their draft.
2. Vessels not registered in one of the Baltic states, infre-
Electronic Navigational Communications quently sailing the area, and coming from or bound to ports
For information on the International Maritime Satellite Or- in the Baltic Sea.
ganization (INMARSAT), the Global Maritime Distress and 3. All loaded oil tankers, chemical tankers, and gas carri-
Safety System (GMDSS(), the Global Positioning System ers, regardless of size.
(GPS), and SafetyNET, see North Atlantic Ocean—Naviga- Pilotage in the Kattegat, the Sound, Great Belt, and Little
tional Information. Belt between the Skaw-Vinga line and the S entrances to the
Sound may only be undertaken by licensed pilots of Denmark
International Ship and Port Facility (ISPS) Code and Sweden. North Sea pilots may pilot inbound vessels up to
The ISPS Code applies to ships on international voyages and the Skaw-Vinga line; outbound vessels may pick up North Sea
port facilities directly interfacing with these ships. All vessels pilots at this same line. Deep sea pilotage in the Baltic Sea may
should fully comply with the provisions of Chapter XI-Part 2 only be undertaken by licensed pilots of a pilotage authority of
of the SOLAS Convention and Part A of the ISPS Code. Ves- a Baltic coastal state.
sels shall demonstrate that appropriate maritime security mea- Vessels requiring such pilotage should send a request to the
sures are in place according to ISPS Code regulations. For appropriate pilot authority as listed in the table titled Deep Sea
further information, see North Atlantic Ocean—Navigation- Pilotage—Contact Information, as follows:
al Information. 1. Danish pilots—Vessels entering the Baltic Sea and in-
tending to pass the Skaw-Vinga line or through The Sound
Automatic Identification System (AIS) Aids to Navigation contact DanPilot 18 hours in advance.
(ATON) 2. Swedish pilots—Vessels entering the Baltic Sea from
For information, see North Atlantic Ocean—Navigational the North Sea or Skagerrak contact West Coast Pilots 24
Information. hours in advance.
3. German pilots—Vessels entering the Baltic Sea from
Automatic Identification System (AIS) and Voyage Data the Kiel Canal contact Haltenau Pilots 4 hours in advance.
Recorder (VDR) Further information can be obtained from the Baltic Pilotage
For information, see North Atlantic Ocean—Navigational web site.
Information.
Baltic Pilotage Home Page
Enroute Volumes http://www.balticpilotage.org
Pub. 193, Sailing Directions (Enroute) Skagerrak and Katte-
Deep Sea Pilotage—Contact Information

DanPilot West Coast Pilots Holtenau Pilots
VHF VHF channel 87 — VHF channel 12
Telephone 45-63-256666 46-31-647770 49-4313-62858
Facsimile 45-63-256649 46-31-647779 49-4313-61049
E-mail [email protected] [email protected] —
Baltic Sea—Pollution Reporting Contacts

Country Organization Contact Remarks
For further information, see
Denmark Admiral Danish Fleet JRCC Arhus or Lyngby Radio
Denmark—Pollution
Pub. 140
34 Baltic Sea
Baltic Sea—Pollution Reporting Contacts

Country Organization Contact Remarks
Estonia Estonia Border Guard JRCC Tallinn or Tallinn Radio
Estonia—Pollution
Finland Finnish Maritime Administration MRCC Turku
Finland—Pollution
For further information, see For further information, see
Germany Maritimes Lagezentrum
Germany—Pollution Germany—Pollution
Latvia Latvian Coast Guard MRCC Riga
Latvia—Pollution
Lithuanian Maritime Safety
Lithuania MRCC Klaipeda —
Administration
MRCC Gdynia and MRSC
Poland MRCC Gdynia or Witowo Radio —
Swinoujscie
For further information, see Sweden— For further information, see
Sweden Coast Guard Headquarters Karlskrona
Pollution Sweden—Pollution
Pollution used for surveillance. The use of electronic remote-sensing

equipment by aircraft enable almost any kind of oil pollution to
Single-hull Tanker Phase-out Schedule be detected regardless of visibility, even at night. Detection is
In accordance with Regulation 13G of Annex I of the MAR- possible even when detergents have been added to the dis-
POL Convention, single-hull tankers should be phased out or charged oil. Surveillance helicopters and vessels are equipped
converted to a double-hull configuration according to a sched- with sampling devices.
ule based on their year of delivery. These requirements are de- Any person found guilty of polluting the Baltic Sea can be
signed to reduce the risk of oil spills from tankers involved in punished. Masters are strongly recommended to make use of
low-energy collisions or groundings. For further information, the reception facilities available in ports for oil or chemical
see North Atlantic Ocean—Pollution—Single Hull Tanker slops, waste, residues, garbage, and any other pollutants on
Phase-out Schedule. board ships.
Reporting requirements as implemented by national legisla-
Ballast Water Management tion of European Union and EEA member states will apply to
International guidelines have been adopted by the IMO to all vessels of 300 gross tons and over with the exception of:
prevent the introduction of unwanted aquatic organisms and 1. Fishing vessels.
pathogens from ships’ ballast water and sediment discharge in- 2. Traditional vessels.
to marine ecosystems. The guidelines include the retention of 3. Recreational craft less than 45m long.
ballast water on board, ballast exchange at sea, ballast manage- 4. Ships with respect to bunker fuel of less than 5,000
ment aimed at preventing or minimizing the uptake of contam- tons.
inated water or sediment, and the discharge of ballast ashore.
Particular attention is drawn to the hazards associated with bal- The organizations, as listed in the accompanying tabled titled
last exchange at sea. For further information, see North Atlan- Baltic Sea—Pollution Reporting Contacts, will coordinate
tic Ocean—Pollution—Ballast Water Management. the necessary measures for assistance and rescue, when inci-
dents occur and cargo (especially dangerous or polluting car-
MARPOL Special Areas go) is damaged, or when the sea is, or may be, polluted.
MARPOL Special Areas are sea areas where special manda-
tory methods for the prevention of oil pollution in the sea have Sulphur Emission Control Areas
been adopted. Sulphur Emission Control Areas (SECA) are areas where
The sea area of the Baltic Sea proper, including the Gulf of special controls are in effect to reduce sulphur oxide (SOx)
Bothnia, the Gulf of Finland and the entrance to the Baltic Sea, emissions from ships. The Baltic Sea is a SECA. For further in-
but not those areas under the sovereignty of Russia, is a MAR- formation, see North Sea and the English Channel—Pollu-
POL Special Area. It is bounded by the parallel of the Skaw in tion—Sulphur Emission Control Areas.
the Skagerrak at 57°44.8'N.
For further information, see North Atlantic Ocean—Pollu- NOx Emission Control Areas
tion—MARPOL Special Areas. Beginning on 1 January 2021, the Baltic Sea will be an IMO-
designated NOx Emission Control Area (NECA). The regula-
Pollution Reports tion will require all vessels built after 2021 to reduce NOx
The Baltic Sea is under intense surveillance for pollution and emissions by 80% as compared to 2016 limits, which would be
violations of traffic rules. Shore-based radar, helicopters, air- done by equipping the new vessels with catalysts or by using
craft, and vessels of the coast guard and/or maritime police are LNG fuels.
Pub. 140
Baltic Sea 35
Regulations or as a bearing and distance from a clearly-identified land-

mark.
Schengen Agreement 4. The vessel’s course and speed.
The aim of the Schengen Agreement is to create free move- 5. For vessels departing a port in a Member State—the
ment for persons within the European Union (EU) and to inten- ETD from the port of departure.
sify the fight against cross-border crime. In practice, the 6. For vessels departing a port outside the EU and bound
Schengen Agreement means that personal checks on journeys for a port in a Member State—the ETA at the port of destina-
between the member states will cease, while the external fron- tion.
tier controls will be intensified, i.e. towards countries that are 7. Number of persons on board.
not signatories to the Schengen Agreement. For further infor- 8. The correct technical name of the dangerous or pollut-
mation, see North Atlantic Ocean—Regulations—Schengen ing cargo; the UN number(s), if applicable; the IMO hazard
Agreement. class in accordance with the IMDG, IBC, and IGC Codes;
and, where applicable, the class of the vessel needed for INF
European Union Expanded Inspection (EI) Notification cargo as defined in Regulation VII/14.2, the quantities of
Under European Union (EU) Directive 2009/16/EC, the Eu- such cargo, and, if they are being carried in cargo transport
ropean Union has introduced a mandatory reporting system for units other than tanks, the identification number of such
vessels arriving at or departing from a port or anchorage in the units.
EU region. 9. The address(es) from which detailed information on
The participating EU countries in the Baltic Sea are, as fol- the cargo described in paragraph 7 may be obtained.
lows: 10. Confirmation that a list, manifest, or appropriate load-
1. Denmark. ing plan giving the details of the dangerous or polluting car-
2. Estonia. go carried and the location on board may be obtained.
3. Finland. 11. Characteristics and estimated quantity of bunker fuel
4. Germany. for vessels of over 1,000 gross tons.
5. Latvia. 12. Navigational status.
6. Lithuania.
7. Poland. IMO Recommendations for Transiting the Entrances of the
8. Sweden. Baltic Sea
For further information, see North Atlantic Ocean—Regu- The following recommendations have been made by the
lations—European Union Expanded Inspection (EI) Notifi- IMO regarding vessel transits through the entrances to the Bal-
cation. tic Sea:
1. The Sound.—Loaded oil tankers with a draft of 7m
Paris Memorandum of Understanding on Port State Con- or more, all loaded chemical tankers and gas carriers, irre-
trol (PMoU) New Inspection Regime (NIR) spective of size, and vessels carrying shipments of irradiated
The NIR of the PMoU has introduced a mandatory reporting nuclear fuel, plutonium, or high level radioactive wastes
system for vessels arriving at or departing from a port or an- (INF cargoes) should use the pilotage service established by
chorage in the Paris MoU region. the governments of Denmark and Sweden when navigating
For further information, see North Atlantic Ocean—Regu- in a designated part of The Sound described below.
lations—Paris Memorandum of Understanding on Port The designated area lies SE of a line extending from Svin-
State Control (PMoU) New Inspection Regime (NIR). baden Light (56°09'N., 12°33'E.) to Hornbaek, 4 miles SW,
and N of a line extending from Skanor (55°25'N., 12°50'E.)
European Union (EU) Advanced Manifest Rule to Aflandshage, the southernmost point of Amager Island,
All cargo vessels sailing from a non-EU port to an EU port lying 12 miles NW.
must submit an Entry Summary Declaration (ENS) to the first Vessels should be aware that anchoring may be necessary
port of call in the EU 24 hours prior to the cargo being loaded. owing to the weather and sea conditions, in relation to the
for further information, see North Atlantic Ocean—Europe- size and draft of ship and the sea level. Vessels should also
an Union (EU) Advanced Manifest Rule. take into account information from the pilot or from the ra-
dio navigation information services in the area.
European Union Dangerous and Polluting Cargo Notifica- 2. Route T.—Vessels with a draft of 11m or more, and
tion vessels carrying shipments of irradiated nuclear fuel, pluto-
Under European Union (EU) Directive 2002/59/EC, as nium, or high level radioactive wastes (INF cargoes), regard-
amended by EU Directive 2009/17/EC, any vessel over 300 less of their size and draft, are to use the pilotage services
gross tons and any vessel carrying dangerous or polluting cargo locally established by the coastal states.
bound to or leaving from EU ports should report to the relevant Vessels should be aware that anchoring may be necessary
port authority at least 24 hours in advance. owing to the weather and sea conditions, in relation to the
The following information should be included in this notifi- size and draft of ship and the sea level. Vessels should also
cation: take into account information from the pilot or from the ra-
1. Ship identification (name, call sign, and IMO or dio navigation information services in the area.
MMSI number). 3. Route T (Depth reductions).—Charted depths may
2. Date and time. be up to 2m less due to unknown obstructions, sand migra-
3. The vessel’s position, either in latitude and longitude tion, and tidal or meteorological effects. Vessels should not
Pub. 140
36 Baltic Sea
enter the area unless they have a draft which provides suffi- southern parts of The Sound in order to improve safety and
cient underkeel clearance, taking into account the draft in- protect the marine environment. This reporting system, which
creasing factors, including squat and the effect of a course is operated by Sound VTS, includes a Reporting Area and an
alteration. inner Operational Area.
In certain area of the Storebaelt (Great Belt), Hatter Rev, The Operational Area of SOUNDREP covers the entire area
Vengeancegrund, and in the narrow passage E of Langeland, of The Sound, as well as the N and S approaches to The Sound.
vessels are to exhibit the signal for a vessel constrained by its Participation in SOUNDREP is mandatory for all vessels of
draft as prescribed in Rule 28 of the 72 COLREGS. 300 gross tons and over proceeding to or from ports or anchor-
Shipowners and masters should consider the full potential of ages in The Sound or when passing through the reporting area.
new and improved navigation equipment in SOLAS Chapter V, For further information, see Sector 1 in Pub. 194, Sailing Di-
including Electronic Chart Display and Information System rections (Enroute) Baltic Sea (Southern Part).
(ECDIS) when navigating in these narrow waters of The Sound
and along Route T. SafeSeaNet (SSN)
SeaSafeNet (SSN) is the mandatory reporting system of the
Particularly Sensitive Sea Areas (PSSA) Norwegian Coastal Administration (NCA). The system is
The Baltic Sea area of Sweden, Denmark, Finland, Estonia, based on the requirement contained in EU Directive 2002/59/
Lithuania, Latvia, Poland, and Germany (except for waters un- EC and implemented by Norwegian legislation. For further in-
der Russian jurisdiction) has been declared by the IMO to be a formation, see Norway—Ship Reporting System.
PSSA.
A PSSA is an area that requires special protection because of GDANREP
its vulnerability to damage caused by marine activities. Vessels GDANREP is a mandatory reporting system co-located with
operating in or near such an area should exercise the utmost the Gulf of Gdansk Vessel Traffic Service. The system covers
care to avoid damage to the maritime environment and the ma- the territorial and internal waters of Poland in the Gulf of
rine organisms in it. No waste should be discharged overboard. Gdansk S of 54°45'N, between the Reporting Lion and the Pol-
ish coast. For further information, see Pub. 194, Sailing Direc-
Ship Sanitation Control Certificates tions (Enroute) Baltic Sea (Southern Part).
Information concerning Ship Sanitation Control Certificates
(SSCC) and Ship Sanitation Control Exemption Certificates GOFREP
(SSCEC) can be found in North Atlantic Ocean—Regula- The Gulf of Finland Reporting System (GOFREP) is a man-
tions. datory ship reporting system. It covers the international waters
in the Gulf of Finland E of the Western Reporting Line and
Routes Russian territorial waters W of longitude 26°30.0'E. In addi-
tion, Estonia and Finland have implemented mandatory ship
The route information in this section considers routes to and reporting systems to their national water areas outside VTS ar-
from selected ports in the Baltic Sea. eas. These reporting systems provide the same services and
In general, these routes are as direct as safe navigation per- make the same requirements of shipping as the system operat-
mits. However, in some instances, a divergence is made to ing in international waters; further information on these sys-
avoid dangers to navigation, to take advantage of favorable cur- tems can be found in Pub. 195, Sailing Directions (Enroute)
rents, or to minimize the effects of adverse currents. It should Gulf of Finland and Gulf of Bothnia.
not be inferred that recommendations in this chapter necessari- The mandatory ship reporting system in the international wa-
ly represent adopted or established sea lanes. Routes between ters of the Gulf of Finland, including the national mandatory
ports consist of a series of rhumb lines unless stated otherwise. ship reporting systems of Estonia and Finland, are collectively
When a route may be followed in either direction the reverse referred to as GOFREP; the area of coverage is referred to as
route is not described. the GOFREP area. Further information on GOFREP can be
Detailed information on these routes can be found in Appen- found in Appendix II.
dix I—Routes in and around the Baltic Sea.
Signals
Ship Reporting System For information on international port traffic signals and visu-
al storm warning signals, see North Atlantic Ocean—Appen-
BELTREP dix IV—International Port Traffic Signals and Visual
BELTREP, a mandatory ship reporting system, operates in Storm Warning Signals.
the N and central parts of Store Baelt and is operated by Great
Belt VTS. For further information, see Sector 2 in Pub. 194, Tides
Sailing Directions (Enroute) Baltic Sea (Southern Part).
Tides are mixed (two high and two low waters each day, with
SOUNDREP marked inequality between heights of successive high and suc-
SOUNDREP, a mandatory ship reporting system, has been cessive low waters), or diurnal (one high and one low water
established between Denmark and Sweden in the central and each day) in the Baltic region.
Pub. 140
Baltic Sea 37
Appendix I—Routes in and around the Baltic Sea

Routes in and around the Baltic Sea are, as follows: 2. Skagerrak and Kattegat.
1. Routes from Oslo to ports in the North Sea. 3. Routes in the Baltic Sea.
1. Routes from Oslo to ports in the North Sea.

Oslo to Bergen.—From a position about 1.75 miles SE of Lille Faerder Light proceed in a SW direction as safe
navigation permits off the coast of Norway. Mariners are cautioned that there is a Traffic Separation Scheme off Feinstein.
Oslo to Stavanger.—Follow the Oslo to Bergen route to the position about 3.5 miles SW of Kvassheim Light, then steer
NNW to a position about 5 miles W of Feinstein (58°49'N., 5°31'E.), and then steer N to a position about 2 miles NW of
Kvitingsoy (59°04'N., 5°24'E.). From the latter position steer as direct as safe navigation permits, via Kvitingsoyfjord and
Byfjord, to destination.
Oslo to Pentland Firth.—Follow the Oslo to Bergen route to a position about 4 miles S of Lindesnes and then steer
WNW to a position about 3 miles E of Duncansby Head (58°39'N., 3°01 'W.). From the latter position steer NNW and W to
the junction position in Pentland Firth, about 2.25 miles NNE of Dunnet Head (58°40'N., 3°22'W.).
Caution.—The passage of Pentland Firth should not be attempted before consulting Pub. 141, Sailing Directions
(Enroute) Scotland, regarding directions, currents, and dangers.
Oslo to Aberdeen.—Follow the Oslo to Bergen route to a position about 4 miles S of Ryvingen, then steer WSW to a
position about 1 mile NNE of Girdle Ness (57°08'N., 2°03'W.). Then proceed as direct as safe navigation permits to
destination.
Oslo to Newcastle.—Follow the Oslo to Bergen route to a position about 6.5 miles SSE of Oksoy and then SW to a
position about 1.5 miles E of the breakwater. Then proceed as direct as safe navigation permits to destination.
Oslo to Hull.—Proceed S to a position about 2 miles SE of Faerder Light and then steer SW to Humber Lightship
(53°37'N., 0022'E.). Then steer as direct as safe navigation permits to destination.
Oslo to London.—Proceed S to the position about 2 miles SE of Faerder Light, then steer SSW to a position about 10
miles NW of Hanstholm (57°07'N., 8°36'E). Continue SSW to a position about 6 miles ESE of Shipwash Lightship
(52°02'N., 1°42E.), then steer SW, passing about 0.75 mile SE of Sunk Lightship, to enter the Thames Estuary. Then steer
various course to destination.
Oslo to Strait of Dover.—Follow the Oslo to London route to a position about 10 miles NW of Hanstholm. Then steer
SW to a position about 2.5 miles NW of Sandettie Lightship. This course is across Brown Ridge; care must be taken to give
a sufficient berth to the 9.1m shoal there. Then steer SW, passing about 3 miles E of South Goodwin Lightship, to the
junction position point in Strait of Dover in position 5I°06'N, 1°30'E
Oslo to Antwerp.—Follow the Oslo to London route to a position about 10 miles NW of Hanstholm. Then steer SSW to
a position about 2 miles W of Texel Lightship (53°00'N., 4°24'E.). Continue SSW of Goerre Light (51°56'N., 3°40'E.), then
steer SW through Schouen Deep until the course intersects the Oost Gat approach range. Then follow the marked channel to
destination.
Caution.—There is a least depth of 7.9m on this route, found in Oost Gat. Deep-draft vessels, therefore, proceed SW
outside the dangers fronting the Schelde River and enter the via Wielingen Channel.
Oslo to Rotterdam.—Follow the Oslo to Antwerp route to a position about 2 miles W of Texel Lightship, then steer
SSW to a position 3 miles WNW of Hoek van Holland. From the latter position steer as direct as safe navigation permits,
following the marked channel, to destination.
Oslo to Amsterdam.—Follow the Oslo to Antwerp route to the position about 2 miles W of Texel Lightship, then steer
SSE to a position about 4 miles W of the breakwater at IJmuiden. Then steer as direct as safe navigation permits to
destination.
Oslo to Bremerhaven.—Proceed S to a position about 2 miles SE of Faerder Light. and then steer SSW to a position
about 10 miles NW of Hanstholm. Continue SSW to position 55°24'N, 6°57'E; then steer SSE to Weser Lightship. Then
follow the marked channel to destination.
Oslo to Hamburg.—Follow the Oslo to Bremerhaven route to the position about 10 miles NW of Hanstholm. Then
steer SSW to a position W of Horns Rev (about 29 miles W of Blaavands Huk), and then SSE to a position about 9 miles W
of Vyl Lightship. Continue SSE, taking care to avoid the dangers E of Helgoland, to Elbe I Lightship. From the lightship
steer as direct as safe navigation permits and follow the marked channel to destination.
Oslo to Skagen.—Proceed S to a position about 2 miles SE of Faerder Light and continue S to the junction point off
Skagen, which is about 2 miles N of Skagens Rev Lightship.
Pub. 140
2. Skagerrak and Kattegat.
Vessels entering the Kattegat from the Skagerrak and continuing into the Baltic Sea have the choice of several routes,
each being dependent on the draft of the vessel and the existing weather and ice conditions.
There are two main channels leading through the Kattegat. The eastern channel, the deeper of the two and the one most
commonly used, lies between the central shoals in the Kattegat and the Swedish coast. This channel has ample depths to
accommodate the largest vessels and its fairway is marked adequately with navigational aids. The W channel, which lies
between the Danish coast and Laeso, is the more intricate to navigate. This channel has least depths of about 4 to 5 fathoms
and is rather narrow in places.
Three passages connect the Kattegat with the Baltic Sea, as follow:
1. The Sound, the shortest and most favorable route, is restricted to a depth of 7.9m in Drogden Channel.
2. Store Baelt, the central passage and the one used when a vessel’s draft makes it impractical to negotiate The Sound,
has a least depth of 12.8m in the fairway; however, a depth of over 18.3m can be carried in this passage by means of
following a more circuitous navigational course.
3. Lille Baelt, the westernmost passage, lies between the Danish coast and the island of Fyn and is used mostly by
local traffic
Distance advantages.—When bound from the Skagerrak for The Sound there is little difference in distance between the
W channel and the E channel. When bound for Store Baelt from the Skagerrak there is a distance advantage of about 20
miles in using the W channel in preference to the E channel.
Vessels proceeding to ports on the E coast of Sweden and having a draft suitable for transit of Drogden Channel will save
a distance of about 130 miles by navigating by way of the E channel through The Sound in preference to Store Baelt. The
same vessels bound for ports in the E part of the Baltic Sea will save a distance varying from 85 to 130 miles by proceeding
through the same passages. Vessels bound for the W part of the Baltic Sea will find it more advantageous to proceed via
Store Baelt.
Mariners should be aware that the Danish government has established a 17m transit route (Route T) between Skagen and
the area NE of Gedser.
3. Routes in the Baltic Sea.

From a position S of Falsterbo (55°24'N., 12°47'E) or a position WNW of Kap Arkona (54°41'N., 13°27'E.), vessels
bound for Gdansk may pass S of Bornholm, being careful to avoid Adler Grund. Then steer for a position off the entrance of
the Gulf of Danzig. Vessels bound for Swinoujscie, in the S part of the Baltic Sea, may steer a direct course from a position
NE of Kap Arkona but cation must be exercised to avoid such dangers as the shoals on Oder Bank and Stolpe Bank.
Swinoujscie to Gdansk.—When clear of the harbor at Swinoujscie, proceed as prudently as safe navigation will allow to
position 55°44'N, 15°35'E and then to position 54°54'N, 18°24'E. From this latter position shape a course, with due caution,
to position 54°37'N, 18°57'E and then to the pilot station for either Gdansk or Gdynia.
Swinoujscie to Klaipeda.—Proceed as recommended in the Swinoujscie to Gdansk route to position 54°54'N, 18°24'E,
then direct to position 55°44'N, 20°58'E. From this latter position follow the detailed directions as shown in the Sailing
Directions for about 6 miles to the harbor.
Swinoujscie to Riga.—When clear of the harbor at Swinoujscie, proceed as prudently as safe navigation will allow to
position 54°44'N, 15°35'E; then shape a course as direct as possible to position 47°52'N, 21°36'E. From this position follow
the buoyed channel SE to position 57°40'N, 21°56'E and then to position 57°51'N, 22°39'E in Irbeni Vain. Caution is
advised on the SE leg when it passes close E of Mikhaylovsk, the northernmost of several shoals, with several 4.6m patches.
Then steer direct to position 57°06'N, 23°57'E, where a pilot embarks for Riga.
Vessels bound for Liepaja and/or parts N may pass N of Bornholm and then shape courses, or direct as prudent navigation
will permit, to most destinations on that side of the Baltic Sea. Vessels bound for ports in the W part of the Baltic Sea steer
to a position E of Olands Sodra Udde (56°12'N., 16°24'E.), and then as direct as safe navigation permits.
Gdynia to Liepaja.—When clear of the harbor at Gdynia, follow the buoyed channel to position 54°37'N, 18°57'E and
then as directly as prudent navigation permits to position 56°28'N, 20°44'E. Then proceed ENE to position 56°30'N,
20°52'E; from this position, follow the channel to the harbor.
Gdynia to Riga.—Follow the directions shown above for the Gdynia to Liepaja route to position 56°28'N, 20°44'E.
Then as safely as prudent navigation permits, steer to position 57°52'N, 21°36'E. From this position follow the
recommendations in the Swinoujscie to Riga route.
Stockholm to Riga.—When clear of the harbor and after negotiating the various channels of Stockholm, proceed to
position 59°10'N, 19°14'E. Then as direct as prudent navigation permits, shape course to position 57°52'N, 21°36'E. From
this latter position follow the directions previously given for the Swinoujscie to Riga route.
Baltic Sea 39
To Gulf of Finland ports.—From the positions S of Falsterbo (55°24'N., 12°47'E) or WNW of Kap Arkona (54°41'N.,
13°27'E.), steer to a position about 10 to 12 miles SE of the S tip of Gotland, then to a position about 20 miles N of the W
arm of Hiiumaa, in the entrance of the Gulf of Finland.
Vessels bound for St. Petersburg steer from the entrance of the Gulf of Finland so as to pass N of Naisaar (Nargen)
(59°34'N., 24°31'E.) and Rodsher (59°58'N., 26°40'E.) and then S of the S extremity of Ostrov Gogland. Various courses as
direct as prudent navigation will allow can be steered to St. Petersburg.
Ports in Finland on the N side of the Gulf of Finland can be approached as directly as prudent navigation will allow from
the entrance. Caution is advised while navigating either shore and the fairways of the Gulf of Finland as they are
encumbered with many shoal areas and shallow depths.
To Gulf of Bothnia ports.—Vessels traversing Gulf of Bothnia head generally NW through Alands Hav and then N
through Sodra Kvarken. This route may be followed as safe navigation permits passing W of the Marketskallen and Sodra
Kvarken buoys until NE of Grundkallen. From this position direct courses may be shaped for the approaches to most ports
in the S part of the Gulf of Bothnia.
Vessels bound for ports in the N part of the Gulf of Bothnia can shape a course from a position NE of Grundkallen to a
position SE of Sydostten (63°20'N., 20°22'E.). Then, favoring that side of the approach, proceed through Norra Kvarken,
proceeding either NE via Ostra Kvarken or NNE via Vastra Kvarken. The former route may be preferred by vessels bound
for the Finnish side. Then as directly as prudent navigation will permit, proceed to the approaches of the many ports in the
area.
Caution.—Mariners should exercise caution when navigating in the vicinity of Ostra Kvarken and Vastra Kvarken,
particularly during foggy weather, as the current is uncertain and sometimes precedes the wind.
Pub. 140
Baltic Sea 41
Appendix II—Gulf of Finland Reporting System

The Gulf of Finland Reporting System (GOFREP) is a man- 26°57.5'E, then to position 60°10.3'N, 27°10.9'E, and ending
datory ship reporting system. It covers the international waters at position 60°12.0'N, 27°17.6'E.
in the Gulf of Finland E of the Western Reporting Line (de- The Western Reporting Line is a line joining the following
scribed below) and Russian territorial waters W of longitude positions:
26°30.0'E. a. Bengtskar Light (59°43.4'N., 22°30.1'E.).
In addition, Estonia and Finland have implemented mandato- b. 59°33.3'N, 22°30.0'E.
ry ship reporting systems to their national water areas outside c. 59°10.0'N, 21°30.0'E.
VTS areas. These reporting systems provide the same services d. Kopu Poolsaar.
and make the same requirements of shipping as the system op- The Vainameri Reporting Line is a line joining the follow-
erating in international waters; further information on these ing positions:
systems can be found in Pub. 195, Sailing Directions (Enroute) a. 59°06.0'N, 22°35.0'E.
Gulf of Finland and Gulf of Bothnia. b. 59°14.0'N, 22°31.0'E.
The mandatory ship reporting system in the international wa- GOFREP monitoring areas of responsibility are, as follows:
ters of the Gulf of Finland, including the national mandatory 1. Helsinki Traffic—The area N of the Central Reporting
ship reporting systems of Estonia and Finland, are collectively Line. Vessels entering this area contact Helsinki Traffic.
referred to as GOFREP; the area of coverage is referred to as 2. Tallinn Traffic—The area S of the Central Reporting
the GOFREP Area. Line and W of longitude 26°30.0'E. Vessels entering this ar-
ea contact Tallinn Traffic.
Shore-based facilities at Tallinn Traffic, Helsinki Traffic, and 3. Sankt Petersburg Traffic—The area S of the Central
Sankt Petersburg Traffic monitor vessel movements and pro- Reporting Line and E of longitude 26°30.0'E. Vessels enter-
vide advice and information about navigational hazards and ing this area contact Sankt Petersburg Traffic.
weather conditions. Shipping is monitored by radar and AIS. The Traffic Centers provide information concerning excep-
The language used for all communications shall be English, us- tional weather conditions, ice, and navigational hazards on re-
ing the IMO Standard Marine Communications Phrases, when quest or when needed, as follows:
necessary. 1. Tallinn Traffic—VHF channels 61 and 81.
The following vessel categories are required to participate in 2. Helsinki Traffic—VHF channels 60 and 80.
GOFREP: 3. Sankt Petersburg Traffic—VHF channels 74 and 10.
1. Vessels 300 gross tons and over. The information broadcasts are preceded by an announce-
2. All vessels under 300 gross tons in the following cir- ment on VHF channel 16.
cumstances: Vessels shall continuously monitor the main VHF channel of
a. When not under command or at anchor in the TSS. the Traffic Center within the area they are navigating.
b. When restricted in their ability to maneuver. Information on contacting the three traffic centers is given in
c. With defective navigational aids. the accompanying table titled GOFREP—Contact Informa-
The GOFREP Area is divided into three areas of monitoring tion.
responsibility with a borderline. The borderline is referred to as Vessels are urged to update their AIS information prior to en-
the Central Reporting Line and consists of two parts, as fol- tering the Gulf of Finland since they may fulfill their Full Re-
lows: port reporting requirements through the use of AIS.
1. Western part—A line drawn through the midpoints of Report types.—There are two types of reports to be given in
the separation zones of the Traffic Separation Schemes off GOFREP, as follows:
Kopu, Hankoniemi, Porkkala, and Kalbadagrund to position 1. Full Report.—Vessels shall submit a Full Report, as
59°59'09''N, 26°30'00''E. follows:
2. Eastern part—A line drawn from position 59°57.0'N, a. When entering the GOFREP Area from W or when
26°30.0'E to position 60°05.0'N, 26°30.0'E and further on crossing the Vainameri Reporting Line.
through the borderline of the Russian territorial sea and the b. Upon departure from a port or, at the latest, before
outer limit of the Finland EEZ until reaching position entering the GOFREP Area.
60°08.9'N, 26°49.0'E. From this position, the Central Re- c. Upon departure from a port if it will not enter the re-
porting Line continues through the limits of the Finland EEZ porting area.
and the Russia EEZ continuing to position 60°10.3'N, d. Before departing from Russian port areas.
GOFREP—Contact Information
Traffic Center Call Sign Facsimile Frequency E-mail
Tallinn Traffic Tallinn Traffic 372-6205766 VHF channel 61 [email protected]
Helsinki Traffic Helsinki Traffic 358-204-485394 VHF channel 60 [email protected]
Sankt Petersburg Traffic Sankt Petersburg Traffic 7-8-812-3807020 VHF channel 74 [email protected]
Pub. 140
42 Baltic Sea
A Full Report, on departure from a port, is given to the All vessels towing in the GOFREP Area shall report the total
Traffic Center of the country whose port the vessel is depart- length of the tow.
ing in the Gulf of Finland area. GOFREP procedures in winter traffic.—The Traffic Sepa-
Full Reports are made by AIS. If the vessel does not have ration Schemes in the Gulf of Finland, or any part of these
AIS or if it is not possible to transmit the Full Report by AIS, schemes, may be withdrawn temporarily during difficult ice
vessels shall provide a Full Report to the relevant Traffic conditions. Even when the Gulf of Finland is fully or partially
Center by facsimile or e-mail at least 1 hour prior to entering covered with ice, the requirements concerning vessels set out
the area or by VHF when crossing the Western Reporting in the operating instructions for GOFREP remain in force un-
Line or the Vainameri Reporting Line. less otherwise indicated.
2. Short Report.—Vessels shall submit a Short Report, Vessels traveling in a convoy led by an icebreaker or receiv-
as follows: ing direct assistance from an icebreaker are not required to sub-
a. Upon entering the GOFREP area from the Estonian mit a Short Report when they cross the GOFREP Reporting
or Finnish VTS areas in the Gulf of Finland. Lines. The icebreakers report the names of the vessels which
b. Upon crossing the Western Reporting Line or the they are assisting, the position of the vessels in the convoy, and
Vainameri Reporting Line inbound to the Gulf of Finland. the relevant VHF operating channel.
c. Upon crossing the Central Reporting Line. A vessel entering the GOFREP Area in a convoy led by an
d. Whenever there is a change in the vessel’s naviga- icebreaker must submit a Short Report to the nearest Traffic
tional status, excluding the change of status when berthing Center when it leaves the convoy and if it subsequently be-
or unberthing. comes trapped in the ice.
A Short Report is given on VHF to the Traffic Center of During the winter, vessels must submit a Full Report in line
the country to which monitoring area the vessel is proceed- with the provisions of the general requirements for GOFREP
ing. reporting. When they leave a port in the Gulf of Finland, how-
The formats for GOFREP Full Reports and Short Reports ever, they must submit a Full Report before they can join a con-
are given in the accompanying table titled GOFREP—Message vey. It is recommended that a Full Report be submitted in
Requirements. advance as an e-mail message.
Other requirements.—Vessels not under command or re- Vessels making for Russian ports will be provided, on re-
stricted in their ability to maneuver in the Gulf of Finland shall quest, with up-to-date information about the reporting points,
report their navigational status to the relevant Traffic Center at as well as with contact details and meeting coordinates for the
the earliest possible moment. icebreakers by all the Traffic Centers included in the GOFREP
In addition to the reporting requirement in the Full Report of system. If the ice conditions are difficult, Helsinki Traffic and
Designator I (port of destination), a vessel shall report all pos- Tallinn Traffic will broadcast information about the reporting
sible stops or abnormal choice of route (for example: if a vessel points and the contact details for icebreakers at specific times
anchors for bunkering near a port other than the port of destina- on their reserve channels. These broadcasts are preceded by an
tion). announcement on VHF channel 16.
GOFREP—Message Requirements
Full Short
Designator Information Required
Report Report
ALFA Vessel name, call sign, and IMO number or MMSI. X X
CHARLIE Geographical position (two six-digit groups).
X1 X1
DELTA Bearing and distances in nautical miles from a clearly-identified landmark.
ECHO True course (three-digit group). X X
FOXTROT Speed in knots (to one decimal place). R1 R1
HOTEL Time (UTC) and point of entry into the Reporting Area. R1
INDIA Destination and ETA. X
OSCAR Vessel’s draft (in meters to one decimal place). X
Hazardous cargo on board (main classes and total quantity in metric tons up to
PAPA two decimal places). The amount of Class 1 and Class 7 cargo, if any, shall be X2
reported separately.
QUEBEC Brief details of any defects or restrictions on maneuverability. R2 R2
ROMEO Description of any pollution or dangerous cargo lost overboard. R2 R2
TANGO Contact information of agent in the Gulf of Finland. X
UNIFORM Vessel type and length. X
Pub. 140
Baltic Sea 43
GOFREP—Message Requirements
Full Short
Report Report
WHISKEY Number of persons on board. X
Characteristics and estimated quantity of bunker fuel (for ships carrying more
XRAY X
than 5,000 tons of bunkers,) and navigational status.
KEY
X Required information.
X1 Required information. Either the CHARLIE or DELTA format may be used.
Required information. In addition, information on cargo other than dangerous cargo is collected from
2 all vessels entering or leaving ports of the European Union countries in the Gulf of Finland. Vessels
X are not required to report the information on cargo other than dangerous cargo. Information is
requested from vessels only if it cannot be obtained by other means.
R1 May be required to be reported by Traffic Centers.
To be reported if circumstances affecting normal navigation in accordance with SOLAS and
R2 MARPOL conditions occur, as relevant. This report shall be made without delay.
Pub. 140
45
BARBADOS
General 45 Cautions
Buoyage System 45
Cautions 45 Extensive local fishing takes place around the island. Most
Currency 45 local fishing boats range in length from 6 to 9m.
Firing Areas 45 It has been reported that when approaching Barbados from E
Government 45 the lights from the houses on the inland hill can be seen long
Holidays 46 before the navigational lights on Ragged Point or South Point.
Industries 46
Languages 46 Currency
Regulations 46
Search and Rescue 46 The official unit of currency is the Barbados dollar, consist-
Ship Reporting System 47 ing of 100 cents.
Signals 47
Time Zone 47 Firing Areas
U.S. Embassy 47
A firing practice area for use by the Barbados Coast Guard
has been established W of the N extremity of Barbados and is
General bounded by lines joining the following positions:
a. 13°21.1'N, 59°46.1'W.
Barbados is an island nation located in the Caribbean Sea b. 13°18.1'N, 59°43.2'W.
NE of Venezuela. c. 13°16.1'N, 59°43.2'W.
The climate is tropical, with a rainy season from June to Oc- d. 13°13.1'N, 59°46.2'W.
tober. There is little temperature variation over the year and it e. Then the minor arc of a circle with a radius of 7.9
is seldom excessively hot. The hurricane season extends from miles centered on position 13°17.1'N, 59°39.2'W and ex-
May through September. tending in a clockwise direction from point d to point a.
The terrain is relatively flat, rising gently to a central high- Use of the area will be promulgated in advance by NAVAR-
land. EA IV warnings.
Buoyage System Government

The IALA Buoyage System (Region B) is in effect. See Barbados is a parliamentary democracy. The country is di-
Chart No. 1 for further IALA Buoyage System information. vided into 11 parishes and one city.
Pub. 140
46 Barbados
Languages
English is the official language.
Enroute Volume
ume 1.
Maritime Claims
The maritime territorial claims of Barbados are, as follows:
Flag of Barbados
Elizabeth II, recognized as the Chief of State, appoints a
Governor-General. The Prime Minister and the cabinet are ap- Fisheries or Economic 200 miles.
pointed by the Governor-General. The bicameral Parliament is Zone
composed of a 21-member Senate (appointed by the Governor- Continental Shelf 200 miles or the Continen-
General) and a 30-member House of Assembly (directly elect- tal Margin.
ed to 5-year terms).
The legal system is based on English common law. * Requires advance permission or notification for inno-
The capital is Bridgetown. cent passage of warships in the territorial sea.

Holidays Joins other Caribbean states to counter Venezuela’s claim
that Isla Aves (15°42'N., 63°38'W.) sustains human habitation,
The following holidays are observed: which would permit Venezuela to extend its Exclusive Eco-
nomic Zone over a large portion of the Caribbean Sea.
January 1 New Year’s Day Barbados is seeking arbitration on the claim that the N limit
of Trinidad and Tobago’s maritime boundary extends into the
January 21 Earl Barrow Day territorial waters of Barbados. Guyana has also expressed its
April 28 Heroes Day intention to challenge the boundary claim.
Regulations
Easter Monday Variable Mandatory no anchoring areas are located in the approaches
to Bridgetown, as follows:
May 1 Labor Day 1. Sharks Bank—bounded by lines joining the following
Whitmonday Variable positions:
a. 13°05'18.6''N, 59°38'06.1''E.
August 1 Emancipation Day b. 13°05'23.6''N, 59°37'56.7''E.
First Monday in August Kadooment Day c. 13°05'16.0''N, 59°37'49.3''E.
d. 13°05'08.6''N, 59°37'57.1''E.
November 30 Independence Day 2. Long Shoal—bounded by lines joining the following
December 25 Christmas Day positions:
a. 13°07'25.4''N, 59°38'40.2''E.
December 26 Boxing Day b. 13°07'22.9''N, 59°38'27.4''E.
c. 13°07'00.7''N, 59°38'30.5''E.
Industries d. 13°07'00.8''N, 59°38'43.3''E.
The main industries are tourism, sugar, light manufacturing, Search and Rescue
and component assembly for export.
The main exports are manufactured goods, sugar, molasses, The Barbados Coast Guard is responsible for coordinating
rum, other foods and beverages, chemicals, and electrical com- search and rescue operations through the Maritime Rescue Co-
ponents. The main export-trading partners are Trinidad and To- ordination Subcenter (MRSC) Barbados Coast Guard and can
bago, the United States, Saint Lucia, and St. Vincent and the be contacted, as follows:
Grenadines. 1. Telephone: 1-246-4297152
The main imports are consumer goods, machinery, food- 1-246-3103166
stuffs, construction materials, chemicals, fuels, and electrical 2. Facsimile: 1-246-4297153
components. The main import-trading partners are Trinidad 1-246-2289876
and Tobago and the United States. 3. E-mail: [email protected]
Pub. 140
Barbados 47
The Barbados Coast Guard, Barbados External Communica- 4. Highgate Signal Station (13°05.0'N., 59°35.5'W.).
tions, and Barbados Coast Radio Station (8PO) maintain a con- 5. Bathsheba (13°12.6'N., 59°31.5'W.).
tinuous listening watch for distress traffic on 2182 kHz and 6. Police Station F (Bissex Hill) (13°13.0'N.,
VHF channel 16. 59°33.1'W.).
7. Police Station E (Speightstown) (13°15.3'N.,
Ship Reporting System 59°38.3'W.).
8. Mount Steadfast (13°12.3'N., 59°38.1'W.).
CARICOM (Caribbean Community) Advance Passenger 9. Police Station D (13°11.2'N., 59°36.0'W.).
Information System (APIS) 10. Deep Water Harbor Signal Station (13°06.1'N.,
CARICOM APIS is a mandatory reporting system providing 59°37.9'W.).
Advance Passenger Information (API) about passengers and 11. Harbormaster Signal Station (13°06.3'N.,
crew to the Joint Regional Communications Center (JRCC) 59°37.6'W.).
CARICOM area. Further information can be found in Carib- Time Zone
bean Sea—Ship Reporting System.
Signals ings Time is not observed.
Day signal Night signal Meaning U.S. Embassy

Two square red The embassy is situated in Wildey Business Park, Wildey, St.
Two red lights, Hurricane force
flags, with a cen- Michael, Bridgetown.
vertically dis- winds expected
tered black square, The mailing addresses are, as follows:
posed within 24 hours
vertically disposed 1. Barbados address—
Square green flag, P.O. Box 302
Island is out of Bridgetown 11000
with a diagonal One green light
danger 2. U. S. address—
white stripe
Visual storm signals listed below are displayed at the follow- Washington, DC (20521-3120)
ing locations:
1. Police Station C (13°08.9'N., 59°28.8'W.). U. S. Embassy Barbados Home Page
2. Crane Hotel (13°06.3'N., 59°26.8'W.). http://barbados.usembassy.gov
3. South Point Light (13°02.8'N., 59°31.8'W.).
Pub. 140
49
BELGIUM
General 49 the SE.

Areas to be Avoided 49 The Schelde and the Maas are large rivers which have their
Buoyage System 49 sources in France. In Belgium, these rivers are called the Es-
Currency 50 caut and Meuse, respectively.
Firing Areas 50
Fishing Areas 50 Areas to be Avoided
Government 50
Holidays 50 An IMO-adopted Area to be Avoided is bounded by lines
Industries 51 joining the following positions:
Languages 51 a. 51°23'45.0''N, 2°36'55.2''E.
Meteorology 51 b. 51°23'57.0''N, 2°36'54.0''E.
Mined Areas 51 c. 51°24'24.0''N, 2°40'18.0''E.
Navigational Information 51 d. 51°23'48.6''N, 2°40'18.0''E.
Pilotage 52 This area lies between the N boundary of the West Hinder
Pollution 52 Precautionary Area and the S side of the E part of West Hinder
Regulations 53 Anchorage; it is about 2 miles long in an E/W direction and
Search and Rescue 53 about 0.5 mile wide in a N/S direction.
Ship Reporting System 54 It may only be entered in an emergency, to avoid an immi-
Signals 54 nent collision, or for the safety of life at sea. It is designed to
Time Zone 54 ensure vessels approach the Wanderlaar Pilot Station from ei-
Traffic Separation Schemes 54 ther a N or W direction.
U.S. Embassy 54
Vessel Traffic Service 54 Buoyage System
General The IALA Buoyage System (Region A) is in effect. See
Chart No. 1 for further IALA Buoyage System information.
Belgium is located in western Europe, bordering the North Channel buoys are numbered in sequence and are prefixed
Sea between France and the Netherlands. by an abbreviation for the channel name (example: HD for the
The climate is temperate, with mild winters and cool sum- buoys in Hollandsch Diep). Buoys marking channel junctions
mers that are rainy, humid and cloudy. are prefixed by abbreviations of both channel names, with the
The terrain is flat coastal plains in the NW, with central roll- main channel listed first (example: HD-ZHD for the junction
ing hills, and the rugged mountains of the Ardennes Forrest in of Hollandsch Diep and Zuid Hollandsch Diep).
Pub. 140
50 Belgium
Currency Government
The official unit of currency is the Euro, consisting of 100
cents.
Firing Areas
Firing practice takes place in the coastal sectors of the fol-
lowing areas:
1. Area 1—Within a radius of 2.5 miles centered on
Nieuwpoort Light (51°09.3'N., 2°43.9'E.) bordered by a
bearing of 114° from Nieuwpoort Light and a bearing of
191° from the former water tower at Westende
(51°10'08.4''N., 2°46'37.2''E.).
2. Area 2—Within a radius of 7.5 miles centered on posi- Flag of Belgium
tion 51°08'37.2''N, 2°46'09.0''E bordered by a bearing of
114° from Nieuwpoort Light and a bearing of 191° from the
Belgium is a parliamentary democracy under a constitutional
former water tower at Westende.
monarchy. The country is divided into three regions.
3. Area 3—Within a radius of 12 miles centered on posi-
King Philippe I is the Chief of State. The Prime Minister is
tion 51°08'37.2''N, 2°46'09.0''E bordered by a bearing of
named by the King and approved by the Parliament. The bi-
114° from Nieuwpoort Light and a bearing of 191° from the
cameral Parliament is composed of the 71-member Senate, of
former water tower at Westende.
which 40 members are directly elected, serving 4-year terms,
During firing practice, the following signals are shown from
and the 150-member Chamber of Deputies, directly elected un-
a mast in position 51°09'17.4''N, 2°44'09.0''E (350m WSW of
der a proportional representation system, serving 4-year terms.
Nieuwpoort water tower):
The legal system is based on French civil law.
1. A square red flag with a red ball above it indicates Ar-
The capital is Brussels.
ea 1 in use.
2. A square red flag with two red balls above it indicates
Area 2 in use.
3. A square red flag with three red balls above it indi- Holidays
cates Area 3 in use.
Upon completion of the exercise, the signals are lowered.
The following holidays are observed:
During the exercise, the firing batteries (call sign: Sierra No-
vember) can be contacted on VHF channel 67.
Notification of artillery firing exercises in these areas will be January 1 New Year’s Day
made through Belgian Notices to Mariners.
The artillery sector at Nieuwpoort can also be contacted by
telephone (32-244-23726). Easter Sunday Variable
A maritime exercise area, which is active year-round, is Easter Monday Variable
bounded by lines joining the following positions:
a. 51°26'45''N, 2°21'00''E. May 1 Labor Day
b. 51°26'45''N, 2°48'00''E. Ascension Day Variable
c. 51°36'00''N, 2°48'00''E.
d. 51°40'00''N, 2°42'00''E. Whitsunday Variable
e. 51°40'00''N, 2°34'00''E. Whitmonday Variable
July 11 Flemish Community
Fishing Areas Holiday
Pair trawling for herring and sprat is carried out off the coast; July 21 Independence Day
the vessels are normally 80 to 120m apart. In addition to the
August 15 Assumption Day
normal COLREGS signals, the following additional actions
may be taken by these vessels: September 27 French Community
1. By day—Flying the International Code flag T. Holiday
2. At night—Searchlight beams directed between vessels. November 1 All Saints’ Day
Searchlight beams may also be swept horizontally to warn
approaching vessels. November 11 Armistice Day
On Sandiette Bank (51°14'N., 1°58'E.) pairs of trawlers op- December 25 Christmas Day
erate about 100m apart and are connected to each other with a
distance line. December 25 Boxing Day
Pub. 140
Belgium 51
Industries f. 51°19'20.4''N, 2°34'43.2''E.

g. 51°18'07.8''N, 2°32'25.8''E.
The main industries are engineering and metal products, mo- h. 51°16'47.4''N, 2°29'46.2''E.
tor vehicle assembly, transportation equipment, scientific in- i. 51°14'53.4''N, 2°28'23.4''E.
struments, processed food and beverages, chemicals, basic 2. Area Outer Ratel—An area bounded by lines joining
metals, textiles, glass, and petroleum. the following positions:
The main exports are machinery and equipment, chemicals, a. 51°16.2'N, 2°30.4'E.
finished diamonds, metal and metal products, and foodstuffs. b. 51°17.0'N, 2°29.5'E.
The main export-trading partners are Germany, France, the c. 51°18.3'N, 2°32.1'E.
Netherlands, the United Kingdom, the United States, and Italy. d. 51°17.5'N, 2°33.1'E.
The main imports are raw materials, machinery and equip- For Belgian mine exercise areas situated off the coast (Area
ment, chemicals, raw diamonds, pharmaceuticals, foodstuffs, NB-01 and Area NBH-10), see Netherlands—Mined Areas.
transportation equipment, and oil products. The main import-
trading partners are the Netherlands, Germany, France, the Navigational Information
United States, and the United Kingdom.
Enroute Volume
Pub. 192, Sailing Directions (Enroute) North Sea.
Languages
Dutch, French, and German are the official languages. Dutch Maritime Claims
is the predominant language in the Flemish north; French is the The maritime territorial claims of Belgium are, as follows:
predominant language is the Walloon south.
Meteorology Contiguous Zone 24 miles.
Marine weather synopsis and forecasts for up to 5 days are Fisheries or Economic 200 miles to defined
available in Dutch, English, French, and German from the Zone coordinates.
Oceanographic Meteorological Station (http://www.kustweer- Continental Shelf * Continental Shelf (no
bericht.be). specified limits).
* Extends to a median line equidistant from the baseline
Mined Areas of its neighbors.
Mines are occasionally detonated of the Belgian coast in a
circular area, with a radius of 3.2 miles, centered on position Deep-Water Routes
51°29'04.2''N, 2°49'55.2''E. Shipping will be notified on VHF See North Sea and English Channel—Navigational Infor-
channel 16 and are strongly requested to avoid the danger area mation—Deep-Water Routes.
from 2 hours before until just after the detonation.
Permanent practice areas for mine countermeasures training River Information Services Center
have been established, as follows: The River Information Services Center at Evergem is avail-
1. Area QZR 040—An area bounded by lines joining the able 24 hours for general inquiries on shipping and waterways.
following positions: Information on hours of operation, waterways and their charac-
a. 51°15'07.2''N, 2°27'36.6''E. teristics, bridge clearances, water levels, flows, shipping rights,
b. 51°17'12.6''N, 2°29'13.8''E. recreational trips, works in progress, reporting incidents, etc.,
c. 51°18'30.6''N, 2°31'49.8''E. can be obtained, as follows:
d. 51°19'36.0''N, 2°33'36.0''E. 1. Telephone: 32-9-253-94-71
e. 51°19'36.0''N, 2°36'05.4''E. 2. E-mail: [email protected]
Belgium—Pilotage Request Information

Shifting
Inbound Outbound Item
berth
X X X Vessel name.
X X X Call sign.
X X X Flag.
X X X IMO number.
X Destination port.
X X Current mooring berth.
X Mooring berth.
Pub. 140
52 Belgium
Belgium—Pilotage Request Information

Shifting
Inbound Outbound Item
berth
X Desired mooring side.
X Destination mooring berth with statement of mooring side.
Destination and pilot boarding point or other port in the region, with a statement of
X
mooring berth and mooring side.
Date/local time (8 digits—date (2 digits), month (2 digits), hours (2 digits), and
X
minutes (2 digits)) of pilot boarding and pilot boarding position.
Date and local time (8 digits—date (2 digits), month (2 digits), hours (2 digits), and
X X
minutes (2 digits)) of pilot order and ETD.
X X X Ship not obliged to use a pilot—state desired course.
X X X Agent’s name.
X X X Length overall.
X X X Beam.
X X X Current maximum fresh water draft (in decimeters).
X X X Maximum maneuvering speed.
X X X Freeboard (in decimeters).
X X X Any remarks regarding restricted maneuverability, damage to the vessel, delay, etc.
Pilotage tween Belgium and the Netherlands applies to the estuary of

Westerschelde. Both countries have authority to pilot vessels
Pilotage is compulsory for all ocean-going vessels except, as from sea to Antwerpen and Ghent and conversely. For further
follows: information, see Pub. 192, Sailing Directions (Enroute) North
1. Barges. Sea.
2. Estuary trade. In addition to the lights and shapes required by Rule 29 of 72
3. Fluvial maritime trade. COLREGS, pilot vessels in Belgian waters also exhibit a white
4. Vessels up to 80m long. flare at intervals of up to 10 minutes.
5. Vessels at anchor, unless otherwise decided by the au-
thorities. Pollution
6. Vessels equipped to carry sand, gravel, or dredged ma-
terial and carrying such materials. In the event of pollution, masters of vessels in the Belgium
7. Vessels owned or managed by Dutch, Belgian, or and Netherlands pilotage areas are requested to send a report
Flemish authorities. containing the following information:
8. Vessels owned or managed by Flemish or Dutch pilot- 1. Vessel name.
age authorities. 2. Vessel type.
Pilotage is compulsory for the following ocean-going ves- 3. Nationality.
sels, regardless of length: 4. Position.
1. Vessels carrying oil, gas, or chemicals (fully loaded, 5. Date and time (in local time).
partially loaded, or empty but not yet gas-free). 6. Wind force and direction.
2. A vessel part of a pushing-ahead combination, unless 7. High water (Vlissingen).
exempted by the authorities. 8. Tidal current (speed and direction).
3. A vessel being towed, unless exempted by the authori- 9. Any other relevant information.
ties. Reports should be made as quickly as possible to Oostande
Inbound vessels should send a pilotage request to the appro- Coast Guard (VHF channel 9). As an alternative, reports can be
priate pilot station at least 6 hours in advance. Outbound ves- relayed via Vlissingen (VHF channel 14) or Zandvliet (VHF
sels or vessels shifting berths should send a pilotage request at channel 12 or 14).
least 3 hours in advance. The pilot station should be notified of Oostande Coast Guard (Oostande MRCC) can be contacted,
any changes to the pilot boarding time of more than 1 hour. as follows:
For information concerning Deep Sea Pilotage in the North 1. Telephone: 32-59-701000
Sea, the English Channel, and Skagerrak, see United King- 32-59-701100
dom—Pilotage. 2. Facsimile: 32-59-703605
A pilotage agreement based on an international treaty be- 3. E-mail: [email protected]
Pub. 140
Belgium 53
Regulations International Maritime Organization.

A PSSA is an area that requires special protection because of
International Ship and Port Facility (ISPS) Code its vulnerability to damage caused by marine activities. Vessels
The ISPS Code applies to ships on international voyages and operating in or near such an area should exercise the utmost
port facilities directly interfacing with these ships. Information care to avoid damage to the maritime environment and the ma-
required by the ISPS Code should be sent, as follows: rine organisms in it. No waste should be discharged overboard.
1. E-mail: [email protected] The Western Europe Tanker Reporting System (WETREP)
2. Facsimile: 32-579-68-83 was instituted to help protect the environment of the PSSA.
The following information should be sent 24 hours prior to
arrival at a Belgian port: European Union Expanded Inspection (EI) Notification
1. Ship’s name. Under European Union (EU) Directive 2009/16/EC, the Eu-
2. IMO number. ropean Union has introduced a mandatory reporting system for
3. Flag. vessels arriving at or departing from a port or anchorage in the
4. INMARSAT/GSM number. EU region.
5. Port facility of destination. The report should be sent by the vessel’s agent to the port au-
6. ETA. thorities.
7. Port ID number. For further information, see North Atlantic Ocean—Regu-
8. UN Locator number. lations—European Union Expanded Inspection (EI) Notifi-
9. Assigned port facility number. cation.
10. Availability of ISSC or Interim ISSC (state Yes or
No). European Union Dangerous and Polluting Cargo Notifica-
11. Date of expiration of ISSC or Interim ISSC (in format tion
of YYYY/MM/DD). Under European Union (EU) Directive 2002/59/EC, as
12. Issuing authority of ISSC or Interim ISSC. amended by EU Directive 2009/17/EC, any vessel over 300
13. Security level ship is currently operating at (Level 1, gross tons and any vessel carrying dangerous or polluting cargo
Level 2, or Level 3 with reason(s), if known). bound to or leaving from EU ports should report to the relevant
14. Last ten ports of call and Security Level at which the port authority at least 24 hours in advance.
ship operated. For further information, see Baltic Sea—Regulations—Eu-
15. For the last ten ports of call have any special security ropean Union Dangerous and Polluting Cargo Notifica-
measures been taken during ship/port interface (state Yes or tions.
No)?
16. Within the period of the last ten calls at port facilities, Official Language in the Common Nautical Authority
has the ship conducted ship-to-ship activities and were the In the control area of the Common Nautical Authority
appropriate ship security procedures maintained (state Yes or (CNA), which comprises the sea approach, the western Schel-
No)? dt, the lower Scheldt, and the canal from Ghent to Tameuzen,
17. Is there any other security-related information (state the official language to be used in all radiotelephone communi-
Yes or No)? cations is either Dutch or English. Not using Dutch or English
If the transit time from the previous port is less than 24 in maritime radio communications in the CNA may result in
hours, the required information should be sent when leaving prosecution.
the previous port. However, if the crew of an inland waterways vessels cannot
comply with this regulation, the vessel will immediately be
Pre-arrival Quarantine Reporting stopped and will not be allowed to continue its voyage until
A message should be sent 4 hours prior to arrival only in the their is someone on board who speaks one of the official lan-
event of a positive answer to a health question in the Maritime guages.
Declaration of Health. Contact information is, as follows:
1. SANIPORT Antwerpen Search and Rescue
a. Telephone: 32-475-440054 (24 hours)
32-2-5247855 The Belgian Coastguard Service, “Coastguard Oostende,” is
b. Facsimile: 32-2-5247856 responsible for coordinating search and rescue operations from
c. E-mail: [email protected] MRCC Oostende.
2. SANIPORT Gent, Oostende, and Zeebrugge MRCC Oostende can be contacted, as follows:
a. Telephone: 32-475-440055 1. Telephone: 32-59-701000
32-2-5249974 32-59-701100
b. Facsimile: 32-9-2256231 32-59-255490 (emergency)
c. E-mail: [email protected] 2. Facsimile: 32-59-703605
Particularly Sensitive Sea Areas (PSSA) MRCC Oostende maintains a continuous listening watch for
The waters off the W coast of the United Kingdom, Ireland, distress traffic on 2182 kHz, 2187.5 kHz, VHF channel 16, and
Belgium, France, Spain, and Portugal, from the Sheltand Is- VHF channel 70.
lands in the N to Cabo San Vicente in the S, including the En- A watch during inclement weather is also kept at DePanne
glish Channel, were granted (2004) the status of PSSA by the (51°06'N., 2°35'E.), Middelkerke (51°11'N., 2°49'E.), and
Pub. 140
54 Belgium
Blankenberge (51°19'N., 3°08'E.). Traffic Separation Schemes
Lifeboats and rescue equipment are maintained at Oostende
(51°09'N., 2°43'E.), Nieuwpoort (51°14'N., 2°55'E.), and Zee- Traffic Separation Schemes (TSS) in Belgium are, as fol-
brugge (51°20'N., 3°12'E.). lows:
1. At North Hinder (comprising North Hinder North and
North Hinder South Traffic Separation Schemes). (IMO ad-
Ship Reporting System opted)
2. In the approaches to the Hook of Holland (comprising
Western Europe Tanker Reporting System (WETREP) Maas West Outer, Maas West Inner, Maas Northwest, and
The Western Europe Tanker Reporting System (WETREP), Maas North Traffic Separation Schemes). (IMO adopted)
a mandatory reporting system, is in effect. The Reporting Area 3. At West Hinder. (IMO adopted)
covers the waters off Belgium; the W coast and English Chan- 4. Off North Hinder. (IMO adopted) To be implemented
nel coasts of France; Ireland; Portugal; the N and W coasts of on 1 June 2017.
Spain; and the English Channel and W coasts of the United
Kingdom, including the Shetland Isles. U.S. Embassy
Further information on WETREP can be found in North At-
lantic Ocean—Ship Reporting System. The U. S. Embassy is situated at Regentlaan 27 Boulevard du
Regent, Brussels.
The mailing addresses are, as follows:
Signals 1. Belgium address—
Regentlaan 27 Boulevard du Regent
Pilotage Signals B-1000, Brussels
Vessels requesting pilotage for Belgian ports may do so by 2. U. S. address—
displaying Flag G by day, sending Morse P by flashing light at PSC 82, Box 002
night, and by sounding the letter H in reduced visibility, 3 sec- APO AE (09710)
onds after sounding the prescribed international signal in fog.
Similar methods may be employed to request port pilotage by U. S. Embassy Belgium Home Page
signalling G6 for the port of Zeebrugge, G7 for Nieuwpoort, http://be.usembassy.gov
and G8 for Oostende.
Vessel Traffic Service
Storm Signals
The following storm signals are displayed at Oostende, Scheldemond Vessel Traffic Service (51°27'N., 3°25'E.),
Nieuwpoort, Blankenberge, and Zeebrugge for winds of force consisting of nine Traffic Areas, is in operation in the Wester-
4 or higher: schelde along the Belgium/Netherlands border. The traffic ar-
1. By day—Two black cones, points together. eas are, as follows:
2. By night—A violet flashing light. 1. Traffic Area Wandelaar Approach.
When these signals are displayed, oar-powered vessels and 2. Traffic Area Wandelaar.
vessels less than 6m long are prohibited from proceeding to 3. Traffic Area Zeebrugge.
sea. 4. Traffic Area Steenbank.
5. Traffic Area Vlissingen (Flushing).
6. Traffic Area Terneuzen.
Time Zone 7. Traffic Area Gent/Terneuzen (Terneuzen-Gent Canal).
8. Traffic Area Hansweert.
The Time Zone description is ALFA (-1). Daylight Savings 9. Traffic Area Zandvliet (Antwerpen).
Time (BRAVO (-2)) is observed from the last Sunday in March For further information, see Pub. 192, Sailing Directions
until the last Sunday in October. (Enroute) North Sea.
Pub. 140
55
BELIZE
General 55 of 100 cents.

Buoyage System 55
Currency 55 Fishing Areas
Fishing Areas 55
Government 55 The coastal areas on the Caribbean Sea coast are extensively
Holidays 56 fished by local vessels working out of small harbors and rivers.
Industries 56
Languages 56 Government
Navigational Information 56
Regulations 56
Search and Rescue 56
Signals 56
Time Zone 57
U.S. Embassy 57
General
Belize is located in Central America between Guatemala and
Mexico. The country borders the Caribbean Sea.
The climate is tropical, very hot, and humid, with a rainy
season from May to February.
The terrain is flat, with a swampy coastal plain. The interior Flag of Belize
consists of rich grasslands and low mountains rising in the S.
Belize is a parliamentary democracy and an independent
Buoyage System commonwealth under the United Kingdom The country is di-
vided into six districts.
The IALA Buoyage System (Region B) is in effect. See Elizabeth II, recognized as the Chief of State, appoints a
Chart No. 1 for further IALA Buoyage System information. Governor-General. The Prime Minister and the cabinet are ap-
pointed by the Governor-General. The bicameral National As-
Currency sembly is composed of a 12-member Senate (appointed by the
Governor-General to 5-year terms) and a 31-member House of
The official unit of currency is the Belize dollar, consisting Representatives (directly elected to 5-year terms).
Pub. 140
56 Belize
The legal system is based on English common law. Maritime Claims
The capital is Belmopan. The maritime territorial claims of Belize are, as follows:
Holidays Territorial Sea * 12 miles.
The following holidays are observed: Fisheries or Economic 200 miles.

Zone
January 1 New Year’s Day * Claims straight baselines. The territorial sea is only 3
miles from the mouth of the Sarstoon River to Ranguana
March 9 Baron Bliss Day Cay.
Carnival Variable (week before
Lent) Maritime Boundary Disputes
Good Friday Variable Sapodilla Cays (16°07'N., 88°16'W.) is claimed by Hondu-
ras. This area is being run as a joint ecological park by both
Holy Saturday Variable countries.
Easter Monday Variable Regulations
May 1 Labor Day A Notice of Arrival (NOA) should be sent to the Belize Port
May 24 Commonwealth Day/ Authority not later than 48 hours prior to arrival by the follow-
Emancipation Day ing methods:
1. By facsimile (501-223-2318) to the National Maritime
September 10 St. George’s Caye Day Communications Center, Belize City.
September 21 Independence Day 2. By e-mail ([email protected]) to the Belize Port
Authority, Belize City.
October 12 Pan American Day If dangerous cargo is carried on board, a manifest of the dan-
November 19 Garifuna Settlement Day gerous cargo should be attached to the NOA.
Upon entering the territorial waters of Belize vessels must
December 1 Bank Holiday contact the National Maritime Communications Center on
December 25 Christmas Day VHF channel 12 or 16 for final arrangements for pilot board-
ing.
Industries Search and Rescue

The main industries are garment production, food process- The Maritime Wing of the Belize Defense Force is responsi-
ing, tourism, construction, and oil. ble for the coordination of search and rescue operations. A
The main exports are sugar, bananas, citrus, clothing, fish continuous listening watch for distress traffic is maintained on
products, molasses, wood, and crude oil. The main export-trad- 2182 kHz, 121.5 MHz, and VHF channel 16.
ing partners are the United Kingdom, the United States, and Belize is part of the Corporacion Centroamericana de Servi-
Nigeria. cios de Navegacion Aerea (COCESNA), the Central American
The main imports are machinery and transport equipment, aeronautical search and rescue network. Rescue Subcenter
manufactured goods, fuels, chemicals, pharmaceuticals, food, (RSC) Belize works with RCC Centro America and can be
beverages, and tobacco. The main import-trading partners are contacted, as follows:
the United States, Mexico, Cuba, Guatemala, China, nd Trini- 1. Telephone: 501-225-2014
dad and Tobago. 2. Facsimile: 501-225-2533
Languages Further information on COCESNA can be found in Hondu-
ras—Search and Rescue.
English is the official language. Spanish, Mayan, Creole, and
Garifuna (Carib) are also spoken. Signals
Navigational Information The following storm signals are displayed on the coast of
Belize:
Enroute Volume 1. A square red flag means either:
Pub. 148, Sailing Directions (Enroute) Caribbean Sea Vol- a. A tropical depression has developed or moved into
ume 2. the area S of 21°00''N and W of 80°00''W.
Pub. 140
Belize 57
b. A tropical storm or hurricane has developed or Time Zone

moved into the area S of 21°00''N and between 80°00''W
and 83°00''W. The Time Zone description is SIERRA (+6). Daylight Sav-
ings Time is not observed.
2. A square red flag, with a black center, means a storm
or hurricane has developed or moved into the area S of
20°00''N and between 83°00''W and 85°00''W. U.S. Embassy
3. Two square red flags with black centers, vertically dis- The U.S. Embassy is situated at Floral Park Road, Belmo-
posed, means that a tropical storm or hurricane has devel- pan, Cayo District.
oped or moved into the quadrant S of 20°00''N and W of The mailing address is P.O. Box 497, Belmopan City, Cayo
85°00''W. District, Belize.
4. A square green flag means that a tropical depression, U. S. Embassy Belize Home Page
tropical storm, or hurricane has passed and no longer poses a http://belize.usembassy.gov
threat to Belize or its coastal waters.
Pub. 140
59
BERMUDA
General 59 Areas to be Avoided

Areas to be Avoided 59
Buoyage System 59 An IMO-adopted Area to be Avoided has been established in
Cautions 60 the waters surrounding Bermuda and may best be seen on the
Currency 60 chart. Because of the great danger of stranding on the extensive
Fishing Areas 60 reefs to the W, N, and NE of the islands and, for reasons of en-
Government 60 vironmental protection, all vessels carrying cargoes of oil or
Holidays 60 hazardous materials and all other vessels of more than 1,000 gt,
Industries 60 whether or not bound for Bermuda ports, should remain out-
Languages 60 side of the area.
Meteorology 60
Navigational Information 60 The Area to be Avoided is bounded by the coast and lines
Pilotage 61 joining the following positions:
Regulations 61 a. Gibbs Hill Light.
Search and Rescue 61 b. 32°08.0'N, 64°53.0'W.
Submarine Operating Areas 61 c. 32°12.0'N, 65°10.0'W.
Time Zone 61 d. 32°24.0'N, 65°10.0'W.
U.S. Embassy 61 e. 32°39.0'N, 64°53.0'W.
Vessel Traffic Service 61 f. 32°39.0'N, 64°38.0'W.
g. 32°32.0'N, 64°29.0'W.
General h. St. David’s Light.
Bermuda is a group of islands located in the North Atlantic

Ocean, E of North Carolina. The islands are low-lying coral Buoyage System
formations.
The climate is subtropical, mild, and humid. Winter gales The IALA Buoyage System (Region B) is in effect. See
and strong winds are common. Chart No. 1 for further IALA Buoyage System information.
The terrain consists of low hills separated by fertile depres- Many lights have been reported as extinguished, irregular, or
sions. unreliable.
Pub. 140
60 Bermuda
Cautions member Senate (appointed by the Governor to 5-year terms)

and a 36-member House of Assembly (directly elected to 5-
Local magnetic anomalies have been reported in the follow- year terms).
ing areas with reference to a line joining the following posi- The legal system is based on English law.
tions: The capital is Hamilton.
1. Ireland Island (32°19.3'N., 64°50.5'W.).
2. Spanish Court (32°18.3'N., 64°48.8'W.).
3. Agar’s Island (32°17.7'N., 64°48.6'W.). Holidays
4. Godet’s Island (32°16.8'N., 64°48.1'W.).
5. Morgan’s Beach (on the SE side of Hamilton Island). The following holidays are observed:
These anomalies are located SW and NE of the above-de-
scribed line, as follows: January 1 New Year’s Day
1. Southwest of the line—The normal variation decreases
to a minimum of 3.5° between Kings Point (32°16.2'N., Good Friday Variable
64°50.9'W.) and Grace Island (32°16.4'N., 64°50.1'W.). Easter Sunday Variable
Abreast of Hogfish Cut (32°15.0'N., 64°52.7'W.) the normal
variation is increased by 2°. May 24 Bermuda Day
2. Northeast of the line—The normal variation increases Third Monday in June National Heroes’ Day
by 0.5° to 1.5°, but variations of up to 3.5° have been ob-
served. August 3 Emancipation Day
A local magnetic anomaly, where the variation varies from Thursday before first Cup Match Day
+2° to -5° from normal, exists in the vicinity of Plantagenet Monday in August
Bank (31°59'N., 65°10'W.).
Friday after Cup Match Somers Day
Day
Currency
First Monday in September Labor Day
The official unit of currency is the Bermudian dollar, consist- November 11 Remembrance Day
ing of 100 cents. Canadian and U.S. currency is also in use and
is generally accepted. December 25 Christmas Day
Fishing Areas
Unlighted fishing buoys may be found off the S and SE Industries
coasts of Bermuda as far offshore as the 100m curve.
Fish traps, usually marked by buoys, lie inside the 200m The main industries are international business, tourism, and
curve off Bermuda, as well as on Platagenet Bank (Argus light manufacturing.
The main export is the re-export of pharmaceuticals. The
Bank) (31°59'N., 65°10'W.) and Challenger Bank (32°05'N.,
65°03'W.), both lying SW of Bermuda. main export-trading partners are the United States, Iceland,
Spain, th United Kingdom, and Mauritius.
The main imports are clothing, fuels, machinery and trans-
Government port equipment, construction materials, chemicals, food, and
livestock. The main import-trading partners are South Korea,
the United States, Germany, China, and Turkmenistan.
Languages
Meteorology
Flag of Bermuda Marine weather forecasts are available in English from the
Bermuda Weather Service (http://www.weather.bm).
Bermuda is a parliamentary democracy and a self-governing
overseas territory of the United Kingdom. It is divided into Navigational Information
nine parishes and two municipalities.
Elizabeth II, recognized as the Chief of State, appoints a Enroute Volume
Governor. The Premier and the cabinet are appointed by the Pub. 147, Sailing Directions (Enroute) Caribbean Sea Vol-
Governor. The bicameral Parliament is composed of an 11- ume 1.
Pub. 140
Bermuda 61
Maritime Claims tening watch for distress traffic on 2182 kHz, 2187.5 kHz,
The maritime territorial claims of Bermuda are, as follows: 4125 kHz, VHF channel 16, and VHF channel 70. It is also the
location of Rescue Coordination Center (RCC) Bermuda.
Territorial Sea 12 miles. RCC Bermuda can be contacted, as follows:
1. Telephone: 1-441-2971010
Fisheries or Economic 200 miles. 2. Facsimile: 1-441-2971530
Zone 3. E-mail: [email protected]
[email protected]
Pilotage 4. Web site: http://www.rccbermuda.bm
http://www.marops.bm
Pilotage is compulsory for all vessels, except naval vessels
and yachts. Pilotage is available during daylight hours only. Pi- Submarine Operating Areas
lots board 1.75 miles ENE of St. David’s Head. However, the
following vessels are boarded 3 miles E of St. David’s Head: Submarine exercise areas have been established off the S and
1. Vessels with a draft greater than 10m. SE coasts of Bermuda.
2. Vessels carrying hazardous cargo.
3. Vessels not carrying the appropriate approach charts. Time Zone
4. Vessels with limited maneuverability.
Regulations ings Time (PAPA (+3)) is maintained from the second Sunday
in March until the first Sunday in November.
A Vessel Traffic Management System (VTMS) is in opera-
tion; it is voluntary for vessels passing within 30 miles of Ber- U.S. Embassy
muda and mandatory for vessels sailing for ports in Bermuda
or for vessels intending to navigate within the charted Area to There is a Consulate General situated at Crown Hill, 16 Mid-
be Avoided. dle Road, Devonshire, Hamilton.
For further information on the VTMS and the Area to be The mailing addresses are, as follows:
Avoided, see paragraph 1.1 of Pub. 147, Sailing Directions 1. Bermuda address—
(Enroute) Caribbean Sea, Volume I. P.O. Box HM325
Radar assistance is available, primarily for vessels having in- Hamilton HMBX
adequately-scaled charts of the area. The working channel for 2. U. S. address—
Bermuda Pilots is VHF channel 12. American Consulate General Hamilton
Departure reports are mandatory 15 minutes prior to depar- Department of State
ture from any berth or anchorage and should be forwarded to 5300 Hamilton Place
Bermuda Pilots. Washington DC (20520-5300)
Quarantine regulations are strictly enforced. All vessels re-
questing free pratique must anchor in Saint George's Harbor
and hoist International Flag Q. U. S. Consulate Bermuda Home Page
http://bm.usconsulate.gov
Naval vessels and commercial vessels calling regularly
which have received prior permission, and vessels which have
been granted pratique by radio, will be visited upon berthing. Vessel Traffic Service
Search and Rescue A Vessel Traffic Management System operates in the ap-
proaches to Bermuda. For further information, see Pub. 147,
Bermuda Harbor Radio (ZBM) maintains a continuous lis- Sailing Directions (Enroute) Caribbean Sea Volume I.
Pub. 140
63
BLACK SEA
General 63 sin is characterized by a relatively wide shelf, generally about

Cautions 63 100 miles wide, with shallow depths and gentle gradients. The
Climatology 64 S and E parts of the basin, off Turkey and Georgia, respective-
Currents 67 ly, have a shelf that rarely exceeds 10 miles in width, with
Fishing Areas 67 steeper gradients and numerous submarine canyons and chan-
Ice 68 nel extensions. The deepest part of the Black Sea, with a maxi-
Navigational Information 68 mum depth of about 2,200m, lies S of the Crimean Peninsula.
Pollution 68
Regulations 68 Cautions
Signals 69 Special Warning 120 (Issued 16 November 2001; reviewed
Tides 69 20 November 2014)
General Atlantic Ocean—Cautions.
The Black Sea is an inland sea lying between southeastern Dangerous Waves
Europe and Asia Minor. The S part of the Black Sea is connect- Several ports on the E shore of the Black Sea are liable to de-
ed to the E end of the Mediterranean Sea by Istanbul Bogazi velopment of unpleasant and sometimes dangerous wave con-
(The Bosporus), Marmara Denizi (Sea of Marmara), and ditions inside the harbor. This phenomena, which is known as
Canakkale Bogazi (The Dardanelles). Kerch Strait, on the NE the Tyagun, may occur when waves of some critical period or
side of the Black Sea, leads N to the Sea of Azov. direction enter the harbor and set up resonant wave movement
The Black Sea is divided into two sub-basins by a ridge ex- of the waters inside the harbor. When these conditions occur, it
tending S from the Crimean Peninsula. The NW part of the ba- may be necessary for vessels to move from an alongside berth
Pub. 140
64 Black Sea
to a buoy or put to sea. The European Severe Weather Port Guide contains informa-
The waves which cause the Tyagun may be generated locally tion on the following ports:
by strong winds or by swell waves raised by a distant storm. In 1. Bulgaria—Varna.
the latter case, a Tyagun can develop in a port when local wind 2. Romania—Constanta.
conditions are calm or light and variable. 3. Turkey—Istanbul and Marmaris.
The Tyagun is reported to affect ports on the Caucasian coast
between Tuapse and Batumi. Winds
In general, winds are strongest in winter and in the N of the
Maritime Administration (MARAD} Advisories region.
MARAD Advisories rapidly disseminate information on In winter, winds over the open sea throughout the region
maritime dangers, safety, government policy, and other time- vary substantially from day to day due to the frequent transit-
sensitive matters pertaining to U.S. flag vessel operations. For ing of depressions, but in the W part of the Black Sea, winds
further information, see North Atlantic Ocean—Cautions— from between NE and NW predominate. Winds from E are a
Maritime Administration (MARAD} Advisories. common winter feature in the SE of the area, but NW winds
are also frequent and occasionally strong.
Offshore Surveys In summer, the winds are generally lighter and more variable
Seismic and other survey vessels operating in connection in direction but in the SE, winds from a W point are most fre-
with offshore oil and gas fields may be encountered in the N quent; strong winds are unusual and winds rarely exceed force
and W parts of the Black Sea and in the Sea of Azov. 6.
In coastal waters within about 20 miles of the coast, winds
Waterspouts blowing over the open seas may be considerably modified due
A waterspout is a vortex similar to a tornado. They can have to land and sea breeze effects and topographical influences.
a diameter varying from several meters to hundreds of meters Land and sea breezes are well marked in the summer
and a life span of several minutes to tens of minutes. Water- throughout the region and are also frequent in spring and au-
spouts typically move at about 20 knots with wind speeds with- tumn. The sea breeze usually sets in about mid-morning as an
in the waterspout of as much as 100 to 200 knots. onshore breeze; it freshens until mid-afternoon, when it may
Waterspouts usually develop in hot weather in the summer reach force 3 to 4, and fades soon after dusk. The land breeze is
and early fall in the S and SE parts of the Sea of Azov and usually weaker and blows offshore from late evening until
along the coasts of Caucasus, Krymskyi Pivostriv, and Bulgar- shortly after sunrise. In windy conditions, the effect of the land
ia. They can occur any time of day or night but are more com- or sea breeze may be to modify the prevailing wind by rein-
mon during the day. forcing it, opposing it or causing a change in its direction.
Local topography, such as the position of mountain barriers
Climatology and the direction of valleys, may have an important effect on
the wind. The Rionskiy Valley, which extends E from near Po-
General ti, has very high ground on either side; in winter the winds fre-
The climate of the area varies from fine hot sunny summers quently blow through the valley from the E, sometimes very
of the Mediterranean type to the very cold winters which are strongly due to funneling, and in the summer they blow from
substantially colder than conditions in the Mediterranean Sea. the W. The effects are apparent at a considerable distance off-
Most disturbed weather occurs in winter and is usually asso- shore.
ciated with depressions moving E across the area. There may At Novorossiysk, a violent wind known as the bora is a well-
be some rain at all times of the year, turning to snow in winter; known feature caused by the NE airstream being deflected
amounts are generally small in the N and W of the region and around the N flank of Bolshoy Kavkaz (Caucusus Mountains)
summer in Marmara Denizi (Sea of Marmara) is usually dry. and channeled through a gap in the hills.
Along the N coast of Turkey, high ground near the coast in- Along the N coast of Turkey, katabatic SE winds blow in
duces appreciable annual rainfall; the wettest conditions are coastal waters when cool air drains at night from high ground
found in the SE around Batumi and Poti, where rainfalls are to the S. These winds occur especially in winter.
substantial, especially from September to November. In Marmara Denizi (Sea of Marmara), which includes Istan-
Fog at sea may occasionally be encountered in winter and bul Bogazi (The Bosporus) and Canakkale Bogazi (The Darda-
spring but is rare in summer. In coastal areas, fog and poor vis- nelles), the NE winds are predominant throughout the year, and
ibility are again most frequent in winter and spring and are par- especially in summer, when they are a part of the seasonal N
ticularly common in the far N, with incidence decreasing airstream which blows in the Aegean Sea. These winds are
markedly farther S. widely known as meltem (Turkish) or etesians (Greek). When
The Naval Research Laboratory Monterey, a corporate re- not blowing from the NE, winds in this area are most often
search laboratory for the United States Navy and Marine from the SW.
Corps, publishes port studies and forecaster handbooks that Regional winds in the Black Sea are, as follows:
may be of use to the mariner. These publications can be ac- 1. Trampotan—A N wind along the coasts of Bulgaria
cessed at the Naval Research Laboratory web site. and Krymskyi Pivostriv. At Yalta, winds speeds may cause
significant damage.
Naval Research Laboratory Monterey Home Page 2. Levan—A humid S wind which brings overcast skies
http://www.nrlmry.navy.mil/pubs.htm and rain and can cause heavy swells in the open sea. It is
most frequent in January and February.
Pub. 140
Black Sea 65
3. Not—A strong humid S wind which brings fog and frost in November and April. Frost is much less frequent than
rain the the N coast of the Black Sea. in the N and even in mid-winter it is rare for the temperature to
4. Harbiy—A S wind which raises a positive surge of wa- remain below the freezing point all day.
ter. and may drive fishing vessels ashore, especially in Yal- On the Wand E coasts, occurrences of frost range between
tynka Zakota. those given above for the N and S coasts, according to latitude.
5. Boneti or Ponente—A W wind along the coasts of Bul- On average, the W coast experiences more frost than the E
garia and Krymskyi Pivostriv which is accompanied by over- coast.
cast skies and occasional rain. Spring and autumn are periods of rapid temperature adjust-
6. Karadzhol—A W wind along the coast of Bulgaria ment. The largest changes are in April/May and in October/No-
which usually brings overcast skies and rain. vember and are effected in a series of irregular and fluctuating
7. Lodoz—A hot S or SW wind on the W coast of the rises and falls.
Black Sea. It is the most frequent in summer and fall and is
accompanied by fine weather. Precipitation
Regional winds in the Sea of Azov are, as follows: In coastal areas, there is a very large difference between the
1. Lavan—An E winds usually occurring in fall and win- precipitation received by the N and W coasts, where the
ter, but which may also occur in spring, is a moist and some- amounts are small at all seasons, and that in the SE, where rain-
times strong wind accompanied by overcast skies and rain, fall is substantial, especially in the autumn.
which raises a moderate sea. In the N and W, summer is slightly wetter than winter, but
2. Maistra—A cold dry NW wind blowing over the land. the difference is small; annual amounts are generally no more
3. Not—A strong warm humid S wind which brings for than 300 to 500mm. There is rain, usually in the form of show-
and rain and sometimes hail, to the N coast of the Sea of ers, on around 4 to 6 days per month in summer; in winter rain
Azov. and snow is more often of frontal origin and can be expected
4. Ostraya—A warm moist S of SE wind. on around 10 days per month on the N coast and slightly less
frequently on the W coast.
Temperature On the E coast, precipitation amounts are greater than else-
There is a very large seasonal temperature change from sum- where and increase markedly from N to S. In the NE, rainfalls
mer to winter in this region. The climate varies from virtually are largest in winter, with around 10 rain days per month and
tropical conditions in most parts in summer to almost arctic the least in summer, when rain falls on some 5 days each
conditions in the N in winter. month. The total annual rainfall is between 400 and 700mm.
Summer maximum temperatures are reached in July and Au- Farther SE, the amount of rain increases progressively, prob-
gust, when average temperatures vary little throughout the re- ably due to the frequent moist onshore winds and frontal de-
gion and mean daily temperatures range between maxima of 25 pressions which affect the area, coupled with the orographic
to 30°C and minima of 17 to 19°C. Extreme high temperatures effects of the mountains which rise close inland. The Bat’umi
recorded in the coastal areas are generally around 38 to 41°C, locality is the wettest area of all, with annual rainfalls of
but over the open sea, where the sea surface temperature has a around 2,500mm; monthly amounts vary from around 80mm in
significant modifying influence, extreme maximum tempera- spring to about 300mm in autumn, which is the wettest time of
tures are more moderate and generally around 27 to 32°C. the year. The number of days each month on which rain can be
Winter minimum temperatures occur in January or February, expected varies only slightly throughout the year, from about
with the lowest values on the N and NW coasts; here mean dai- 15 days in the wet season to 9 or 10 days in the spring.
ly temperatures remain close to or below freezing point, with On the S coast of the Black Sea there is a pronounced sea-
daily minima of -5 to -10°C. Extreme minima of between -25 sonal variation, with the largest rainfalls in winter (around 100
to -30°C have been recorded; in the N coast of Sea of Azov, to 150mm per month) and the least in summer, with monthly
which is the coldest locality of all, an extreme minimum read- amounts of around 50mm. Rain is often associated with frontal
ing of -33°C has been recorded. depressions and especially the N or NW winds, which usually
Temperatures rise progressively farther, S but even in the blow after the depression has passed; the orographic effect of
Black Sea, daily maxima of 5 to 10°C and minima of 1 to 2°C the high ground along the coast is an important factor. Annual
are normal. falls vary somewhat according to the degree of exposure to the
The S and SE coasts of Kryms’kyy Pivostriv are noted for N winds and the proximity of high ground; most parts receive
relatively mild winters; the mean daily minimum temperature between 1,000 and 1,500mm annually, but there is a drier re-
remains marginally above 0°C. gion from about Samsun to Sinop, where annual falls of 500 to
The highest average winter temperatures are over the open 750mm are more usual. In winter, rain falls on some 12 to 15
sea, where average values of 7 to 8° C are usual. days per month, in summer 4 to 8 days per month.
Frost may occur in all parts around the Black Sea in winter. Marmara Denizi (Sea of Marmara) has most rain in winter
In the N the first frost usually occurs in October and the last in when frontal depressions move through the area en route from
April. From December to March frosts are frequent; at many the Mediterranean Sea to the Black Sea. Rainfalls of 100 to
stations on the N coast and especially in Sea of Azov frost can 120mm per month are normal, with rain on about 10 to 15 days
be expected on almost every day in January. Frosts are much per month. Summer is a dry season, when less than 40mm falls
less frequent around the S part of Kryms’kyy Pivostriv than in the NE of the area and barely 10mm per month in Canakkale
elsewhere in the N. Bogazi (The Dardanelles). Rain can be expected on fewer than
In the S part of the Black Sea, frosts usually occur from De- 4 days per month.
cember to March, but there may be occasional instances of Over the open sea, the frequency of observations recording
Pub. 140
66 Black Sea
precipitation is similar to those in coastal waters. Rain occurs rossiysk; early morning values are about 70 to 75 per cent
most often in winter, while at other seasons it is infrequent. It is while afternoons are generally hot and dry with humidities of
likely that over much of the sea area rain falls with an average 50 to 60 per cent or even lower. On the W coast similar values
frequency of less than 1 day in 5. are normal in the N, but farther S and in Marmara Denizi (Sea
Rainfall amounts are not recorded at sea but it is apparent of Marmara), humidities are about 5 per cent higher.
that orographic influences are important in inducing the com- On the S and SE coasts, more humid conditions are usual
paratively large falls in the SE and S coastal areas. It is thus with values slightly higher than those recorded in winter. In the
likely that amounts of rain falling at sea in these parts will de- early morning humidity is around 80 to 85 per cent; this falls to
crease with distance from the shore. about 75 per cent in the afternoon.
For most of the year rain is the usual form of precipitation Spring and autumn produce little variations in morning val-
but, during winter and early spring, snow may fall in all parts ues of relative humidity throughout the region (typically
of the region. In some N localities, snow frequency may equal around 80 per cent), although in the afternoon humidities be-
or exceed rain frequency in January and February. come drier in the N (55 to 65 per cent) than in the S (65 to 75
Over the open sea snow has been recorded in all months per cent).
from October to April but it is unusual in any month other than
January and February. Some 10 per cent of observations record Cloud Cover
snow in winter in the N and E areas of the Black Sea. Cloud amounts are greater in winter throughout the region.
In coastal areas all parts can expect some snow from Decem- At sea, average amounts are 5 to 6 oktas, with the W part of the
ber to March. It is rare in most parts before November and after Black Sea being rather more cloudy than the E part. Winds
April, although in the N of the region snow is sometimes expe- from a S point give increasing amounts of cloud from S to N;
rienced in October and May. It falls most frequently in the N, as the air flows over progressively cooler seas, small amounts
especially in the Sea of Azov, where in January and February, of stratocumulus in the S increase farther N to give overcast
the frequency may reach 7 to 10 days per month and snow is as skies of stratocumulus or stratus which extend to the N coasts.
common as rain at that season. An especially dangerous situa- With winds from a N point, skies are usually well broken on
tion arises when snow and strong winds combine to give bliz- the N coasts, but as air passes over warmer seas farther S, in-
zard conditions with almost zero visibility. creasing instability gives development of cumulus and strato-
The likelihood of snow decreases farther S, but even in the cumulus and greater likelihood of showers. There is little
central part of the W coast of the Black Sea and in Canakkale diurnal variation in cloud amounts at sea.
Bogazi (The Dardanelles) where snow frequency is least, snow In coastal waters the winter months are cloudy in all regions
may fall on some 3 to 4 days per month in January and Febru- with amounts averaging 6 to 7 oktas. Onshore winds produce
ary. the cloudiest conditions particularly where high ground rises
Thunderstorms are infrequent at sea and rare in winter. In steeply from the coast line. Conversely, offshore winds are of-
summer it seems likely that most storms are either associated ten accompanied by little or no low cloud, especially when the
with cold fronts crossing the area or otherwise develop inland coast lies on the leeward side of high ground. Although there is
and subsequently drift offshore. little variation in cloud amounts according to the time of day,
In coastal areas, thunderstorms are most frequent on the NE the trend is for greater cloud amounts in the morning with pos-
coast of the Sea of Azov and also on the E coast of the Black sibly some decrease in the afternoon and evening.
Sea where the mountains are nearest the coast; these areas can Summer is generally fine with around 2 to 3 oktas of well
expect thunderstorms on around 3 to 6 days per month in sum- broken cumulus at sea and in most coastal areas. An exception
mer. While the summer months are generally the season for is the SE coastal area between Sokhumi and Giresun where the
maximum thunderstorm activity, the SW part of the Black Sea summer months are more cloudy than elsewhere with cloud
and Marmara Denizi (Sea of Marmara) experience most thun- amounts around 4 to 5 oktas. Farther W along the N coast of
derstorms in autumn. Turkey cloud amounts decrease and Marmara Denizi enjoys
summer skies with very little cloud (2 oktas or less).
Humidity Although cloud amounts are small, cloudiest conditions oc-
Winter high humidities are recorded on the N and W coasts cur around midday and in the afternoon. Development of large
of the Black Sea and in the Sea of Azov; cold ground and cold cumulus and cumulonimbus cloud with associated showers is
sea cause high values of around 90 per cent, but humidities are not uncommon inland and these clouds can sometimes drift
usually lower by afternoon and average about 80 per cent. ashore to affect coastal waters.
The S coasts of Kryms’kyy Pivostriv and Marmara Denizi
(Sea of Marmara) are rather less humid, with average winter Visibility
early morning values of around 82 per cent and falling to 71 Fog is most likely to be encountered in coastal waters rather
per cent in the afternoon. than over the open sea; greatest incidence is in winter and
On the E and S coasts of the Black Sea, the air is drier, with spring. Off the coast of Romania some 10 per cent of observa-
early morning humidity around 75 per cent, which is probably tions record fog in winter; in the SW part of the Black Sea and
due to offshore winds at night where high ground rises close off the S coast, the frequency is about 4 to 6 per cent. In other
inland. Afternoon values are only slightly less at about 70 per sea areas fog is rare at all seasons.
cent. Poor visibility (less than 2 miles) is very common in the win-
Summer distribution of relative humidity is almost the re- ter in the NW part of the region off the coast of Romania; it is
verse of the winter pattern. Lowest humidities are found on the frequent in the SE and SW areas of the Black Sea in spring.
coast N including Sea of Azov and in the NE as far S as Novo- Poor visibility is unusual in summer and autumn.
Pub. 140
Black Sea 67
Highest fog frequencies are on the N coast and in Sea of the passage of depressions and other causes, may effect the
Azov, where moist S airstreams are chilled by the cold plains normal currents to a very large extent, and, in some areas, may
and coastal waters in winter, giving widespread and persistent even reverse their direction.
fog. Fog is common from October to March with the highest The strength and consistence of this counterclockwise circu-
evidence in December when fog may occur in around 5 to 9 lation is greatest after the melting of the snows in late spring
days per month; early morning is usually the worst time of day. and early summer, when the discharge from the rivers is great-
Odessa and Rostov-Na-Donu are particularly prone to fog; est. In late summer and autumn, when the volume of water dis-
snow falls are partly responsible for visibility falling below fog charged by the rivers is relatively small, the circulation is
limits. generally weaker and more subject to changes due to the influ-
The S shores of Krymskyy Pivostriv are markedly less foggy ences of the wind. The largest variations in the current are
than other N parts; fog incidence is usually no more than 2 to 4 found in the NW part of the sea; here, especially during the
days per month on average from December to May. spring, the outflow of the River Danube is often felt well off-
Fog is infrequent in summer. Arctic sea smoke or steam fog shore, causing a considerable E, or even NE, set.
may occur in the NW and in Sea of Azov in autumn and winter Local current systems are found off the mouths of rivers. As
when very cold E and NE winds blow offshore over a relatively a rule river water flows out of the mouth in a direction at right
warm sea. The sea surface appears to be steaming and the re- angles to the trend of the coastline, then gradually turns to the
sulting fog can be dense though usually shallow. right and may even turn so much towards the shore as to pro-
On the W coast of the Black Sea, fog is most frequent from duce an eddy returning towards the mouth.
October to March. Average occurrence is 3 to 5 days per month
in most parts but this increases markedly farther N to as much Canakkale Bogazi (The Dardenelles)
as 8 to 10 days per month in the far NW. Canakkale Bogazi (The Dardanelles) is about 40 nautical
At Bralia on the River Danube, fog frequency is highest in miles long, with a maximum width of 4 nautical miles and a
December but all months from October to March have frequen- minimum width of 0.8 mile. The average channel depth is 92m.
cies between 3 and 7 days per month. Surface flow through the Turkish Straits carries low-salinity
Fog is unusual in July and August. Black Sea water through Istanbul Bogazi (The Bosporus) into
The high ground bordering the E and S coasts gives consid- Marmara Denizi (Sea of Marmara), through Canakkale Bogazi
erable protection from the moist airstreams likely to produce (The Dardanelles), and into the Aegean Sea. A bottom current
fog. Frequency is generally highest in April and May (3 to 5 flows from the Aegean Sea through the Turkish Straits and into
days per month on average). Radiation fog is the most common the Black Sea carrying denser Mediterranean water N The
type and is most likely to develop at night and in the early depth of the interface between the oppositely-flowing currents
morning especially in the valleys, estuaries and over low lying averages about 20m. There is very little mixing of the two wa-
ground. It usually disperses after sunrise. Snow and heavy rain ter types through the straits.
can seriously impair visibility and in the Bat’umi locality fog is The surface current flows through Canakkale Bogazi (The
frequent during the wet season in September and October (3 to Dardanelles) in a narrow stream which is delimited by projec-
5 days per month). Otherwise the incidence of fog is generally tions of the coast. Standing vortices and eddies form in coastal
low on these coasts from July to December. bays and on either side of the stream channel. Current speeds
Fog is infrequent in Marmara Denizi (Sea of Marmara); the are lowest at the N entrance to the strait and increase S under
highest incidence is in winter, when it occurs generally on 1 to normal wind conditions. During SW winds the surface current
2 days per month and locally on the S shores of the central part becomes weaker and broader in the strait; NE winds cause the
of Marmara Denizi (Sea of Marmara) on around 4 days per current to strengthen and narrow in the main channel. As the
month in November. surface current slows under opposing winds, the stream broad-
Fog is most likely in the early morning, dispersing in the ens, and the vortices weaken and may disappear. When the
forenoon. stream intensifies under NE winds, the vortices and eddies in-
Fog is rare in the summer. crease in strength and extent. Opposing strong S winds may
cause the surface currents to flow in the opposite direction, but
Currents only for a couple of days at most.
Current speeds at the entrance to the Aegean Sea average be-
Black Sea tween 1.5 and 2.5 knots. During the spring and early summer
Currents in the Black Sea, which in general are weak and in- the current may be as high as 5 knots off Nara Burnu because
consistent, consist of a main circulation setting counterclock- of maximum river discharge and strong N winds at that time.
wise along its shores, with several branches connecting its At the entrance to Marmara Denizi (Sea of Marmara), the sur-
various parts. Countercurrents, setting in a direction contrary to face current is rarely higher than 0.5 knots. Strong NE winds
that of the main current, occur between the main current and may cause the current to increase to 1.5 knots. During late au-
the shore in many places. These countercurrents are very irreg- tumn and early winter surface currents are weakest due to S
ular. There is also an almost constant flow of water from the winds.
Black Sea through Marinara Denizi (Sea of Marmara) to the
Mediterranean Sea. Fishing Areas
Currents in the Black Sea caused by either the outflow of the
rivers, the bulk of which enters the NW part of the sea, and the The predominant fish stocks and fishing areas are located, as
influence of the wind. Variations in the amount of discharge follows:
from the rivers, and variations of the wind distribution, due to 1. Sturgeon and mackerel—In the NW part of the Black
Pub. 140
68 Black Sea
Sea. signed to reduce the risk of oil spills from tankers involved in
2. Herring—Kerch Strait and off the mouths of the River low-energy collisions or groundings. For further information,
Danube and Rika Dnipro. see North Atlantic Ocean—Pollution—Single Hull Tanker
3. Anchovies—Along the coast of Krymskyy Pivostriv. Phase-out Schedule.
4. Flounder—Throughout most of the Black Sea.
Ballast Water Management
Ice International guidelines have been adopted by the IMO to
prevent the introduction of unwanted aquatic organisms and
Ice is formed during the prolonged periods of frost which oc- pathogens from ships’ ballast water and sediment discharge in-
cur in the winter in the N parts of the Black Sea and Sea of to marine ecosystems. The guidelines include the retention of
Azov. The severity of the winter, and therefore the extent and ballast water onboard, ballast exchange at sea, ballast manage-
thickness of the ice cover, varies in different years but even in ment aimed at preventing or minimizing the uptake of contam-
the most severe winter, only a comparatively small part of the inated water or sediment, and the discharge of ballast ashore.
whole area of the Black Sea is affected by ice. Particular attention is drawn to the hazards associated with bal-
Navigation is usually affected in only the three following re- last exchange at sea. For further information, see North Atlan-
gions: tic Ocean—Pollution—Ballast Water Management.
1. The River Danube.
2. The NW part of the Black Sea. MARPOL Special Areas
3. The Sea of Azov, including Kerch Strait. MARPOL Special Areas are sea areas where special manda-
Ice begins to appear from the middle of December to the be- tory methods for the prevention of oil pollution in the sea have
ginning of January. February is the month of greatest ice cover been adopted.
in all the above regions. The ice begins to dissipate at the end The sea area of the Black Sea proper is a MARPOL Special
of February, with the area being completely free of ice by the Area. The boundary between the Mediterranean Sea and the
end of March. Black Sea is the parallel of 41°00'N.
For further information, see North Atlantic Ocean—Pollu-
tion—MARPOL Special Areas.
Regulations
Electronic Navigational Communications
For information on the International Maritime Satellite Or- Schengen Agreement
ganization (INMARSAT), the Global Maritime Distress and The aim of the Schengen Agreement is to create free move-
Safety System (GMDSS(), the Global Positioning System ment for persons within the European Union (EU) and to inten-
(GPS), and SafetyNET, see North Atlantic Ocean—Naviga- sify the fight against cross-border crime. In practice, the
tional Information. Schengen Agreement means that personal checks on journeys
between the member states will cease, while the external fron-
International Ship and Port Facility (ISPS) Code tier controls will be intensified, i.e. towards countries that are
The ISPS Code applies to ships on international voyages and not signatories to the Schengen Agreement. For further infor-
port facilities directly interfacing with these ships. All vessels mation, see North Atlantic Ocean—Regulations—Schengen
should fully comply with the provisions of Chapter XI-Part 2 Agreement.
of the SOLAS Convention and Part A of the ISPS Code. Ves-
sels shall demonstrate that appropriate maritime security mea- European Union Expanded Inspection (EI) Notification
sures are in place according to ISPS Code regulations. For Under European Union (EU) Directive 2009/16/EC, the Eu-
further information, see North Atlantic Ocean—Navigation- ropean Union has introduced a mandatory reporting system for
al Information. vessels arriving at or departing from a port or anchorage in the
EU region.
Automatic Identification System (AIS) Aids to Navigation The participating EU countries in the Black Sea are, as fol-
(ATON) lows:
For information, see North Atlantic Ocean—Navigational 1. Bulgaria.
Information. 2. Romania.
Further information, see North Atlantic Ocean—Regula-
Enroute Volume tions—European Union Expanded Inspection (EI) Notifica-
BA NP 24, Black Sea and Sea of Azov Pilot (British Admi- tion.
ralty publication)
Paris Memorandum of Understanding on Port State Con-
Pollution trol (PMoU) New Inspection Regime (NIR)
The NIR of the PMoU has introduced a mandatory reporting
Single-hull Tanker Phase-out Schedule system for vessels arriving at or departing from a port or an-
In accordance with Regulation 13G of Annex I of the MAR- chorage in the Paris MoU region.
POL Convention, single-hull tankers should be phased out or For further information, see North Atlantic Ocean—Regu-
converted to a double-hull configuration according to a sched- lations—Paris Memorandum of Understanding on Port
ule based on their year of delivery. These requirements are de- State Control (PMoU) New Inspection Regime (NIR).
Pub. 140
Black Sea 69
Ship Sanitation Control Certificates al storm warning signals, see North Atlantic Ocean—Appen-
Information concerning Ship Sanitation Control Certificates dix IV—International Port Traffic Signals and Visual
(SSC) and Ship Sanitation Control Exemption Certificates (SS- Storm Warning Signals.
CEC) can be found in North Atlantic Ocean—Regulations.
Ship Reporting System Tides

Georgian Ship Reporting System (GEOREP) Tidal influence has virtually no effect on water levels in the
The Georgian Ship Reporting System (GEOREP) is operated Black Sea. The average spring range in the W part of the Black
by MRCC Georgia. Participation is compulsory; vessels of any Sea is less than 0.1m.
nationality, tonnage, or type should participate when within the The annual range in Mean Sea Level due to meteorological
GEOREP area. For further information, see Georgia—Ship pressure effects is about 0.05m; exceptional rises of 0.15m and
Reporting System. a falls of 0.18m have been recorded. Superimposed on this are
variations resulting from changes in the amount of water enter-
Turkish Strait Vessel Traffic Service and Reporting System ing or leaving the Black Sea ranging from 0.5 to 1.5 m.
(TUBRAP) Winds exercise a considerable effect on the water level. In
The Turkish Straits Vessel Traffic Service (TSVTS) and Re- general, onshore winds tend to raise, and offshore winds to
porting System (TUBRAP) has been establish in Istanbul Bo- lower, the water level. The range of level thus caused depends
gazi (The Bosporus) and Canakkale Bogazi (The Dardanelles). largely upon local conditions, being much more marked in
For further information, see Turkey—Ship Reporting Sys- bays and inlets than in more open places, and may be as much
tem. as 0.3m.
Seiches, which occur with little or no warning, can raise or
Signals lower the sea level by about 1.0m over wide areas. The seiches
may be the result of seismic disturbances some distance away
For information on international port traffic signals and visu- or the consequence of changes in atmospheric pressure.
Pub. 140
71
BOSNIA-HERZEGOVINA

Buoyage System 71
Government 71
Holidays 72 Cautions
Industries 72
Languages 72 Vessels engaged in seismic surveys and other research proj-
Mined Areas 72 ects may be encountered in the Adriatic Sea, normally inside
Navigational Information 72 the 200m depth curve.
Pollution 72
Regulations 72 Currency
Time Zone 72 The official unit of currency is the konvertibilna marka, con-
U.S. Embassy 73 sisting of 100 pfening.
General
Government
Bosnia-Herzegovina is located on the E side of the Adriatic
Sea. The country’s coastline is only about 11 miles long. Bosnia-Herzegovina is a federal democratic republic. The
The climate is generally considered continental, with steady country is divided into the Bosnian/Croat Federation, the Bos-
rainfall throughout the year, although in areas nearer the coast nian/Serb Republika Srpska, and the internationally-supervised
it is more Mediterranean in character. Brcko District.
The coast is generally high and picturesque, with steep cliffs Bosnia-Herzegovina is governed by a directly-elected rotat-
in places. Inland are high mountain ranges, fertile plains, and ing three-member Presidency (one Croat, one Bosnian, and one
dense forests. Serb) serving a 4-year term. The bicameral Parliamentary As-
Pub. 140
72 Bosnia-Herzegovina
niture, oil refining, ammunition, and motor vehicle assembly.
The main exports are metals, clothing, and wood products.
The main export-trading partners are Slovenia, Italy, Serbia,
Germany, Croatia, Austria, and Italy.
The main imports are machinery and equipment, chemicals,
fuels, and foodstuffs. The main import-trading partners are
Croatia, Germany, Slovenia, Italy, Austria, and Hungary.
Languages
Flag of Bosnia-Herzegovina Bosnian, Croatian, and Serbian are the official languages.
sembly consists of a directly-elected 42-member National

Mined Areas
House of Representatives (28 seats allotted to the Bosnian/Cro- Anchoring and fishing are prohibited in an area about 0.5
at Federation and 14 seats allotted to the Bosnian/Serb Repub- mile NW of Otok Skrda Light (44°29'N., 14°51'E.) due to
lika Srpska), serving 4-year terms, and the appointed 15- mines on the sea bed.
member House of Peoples (5 Croats, 5 Bosnians, and 5 Serbs),
elected by the legislatures of the Bosnian/Croat Federation and
the Bosnian/Serb Republika Srpska, serving 4-year terms.
The legal system is based on civil law. Enroute Volume
The capital is Sarajevo. Pub. 132, Sailing Directions (Enroute) Eastern Mediterra-
nean.
Holidays
Maritime Claims
The following holidays are observed: The territorial sea of Bosnia-Herzegovina is defined by me-
dian lines with Croatia.
January 6 Orthodox Christmas Maritime Boundary Disputes
Eve * Discussions continue with Croatia over several small disput-
ed sections of the boundary related to maritime access that hin-
January 7 Orthodox Christmas der final ratification of the 1999 border agreement.
Day *
January 9 Republic Day * Pollution
January 15 Orthodox New Year’s MARPOL Special Area
Day * The Mediterranean Sea has been designated as a MARPOL
January 19 Orthodox Epiphany * Special Area. MARPOL Special Areas are sea areas where
March 1 Independence Day ** in the sea have been adopted.
Good Friday Variable * Further information can be found in North Atlantic
Ocean—Pollution—MARPOL Special Areas.
Easter Sunday Variable **
May 1-2 Labor Day Regulations
June 28 St. Vitas Day *
Any overboard discharge of harmful waste material into the
August 15 Assumption Day ** waters of Bosnia-Herzegovina should be reported to the nearest
November 1 All Saints’ Day ** harbormaster’s office.
November 25 Statehood Day

December 25 Kurban Bajram **
* Banja Luka only. The Adriatic Ship Reporting System (ADRIREP), a manda-
** Sarajevo and Mostar only. tory system for certain vessels, is in effect for the Adriatic Sea
N of latitude 40°25'N. For further information, see Italy—Ship
Reporting System.
Industries
Time Zone
The main industries include steel production, mining (coal,
iron, lead, zinc, manganese, and bauxite), aluminum, textiles, The Time Zone description is ALFA (-1). Daylight Savings
furniture, tobacco products, domestic appliances, wooden fur- Time (BRAVO (-2)) is observed from the last Sunday in March
Pub. 140
Bosnia-Herzegovina 73
until the last Sunday in October. 71000 Sarejevo. The mailing address is the same.
U.S. Embassy U. S. Embassy Bosnia-Herzegovina Home Page

http://sarajevo.usembassy.gov
The U.S. Embassy is situated at 1 Robert C. Frasure Street,
Pub. 140
75
BRITISH VIRGIN ISLANDS
General 75 Cautions
Buoyage System 75
Cautions 75 Rollers.—Rollers or ground swell in the area of the islands,
Currency 75 frequently occur from October to May and sometimes continue
Government 75 for 3 or 4 days. The rollers appear to loosen sand, thus discol-
Holidays 76 oring the water N of the islands as far as the edge of Virgin
Industries 76 Bank. In some places near the W end of Anegada, where the
Languages 76 bottom is composed of fine sand, the formation of the banks is
Meteorology 76 frequently changed.
Navigational Information 76 In general, they set in after a prevalence of E and SE winds.
Search and Rescue 76 They also follow winds from the NE, especially when these
Time Zone 76 winds are strong. The wave height may exceed 2m have been
U.S. Embassy 76 observed to break over depths of 16m off the N coast of Torto-
la.
General
Currency
The British Virgin Islands, located NE of the U.S. Virgin Is-
lands, consists of 16 inhabited and more than 20 uninhabited The official unit of currency is the U.S. dollar, consisting of
islands. 100 cents.
The islands, all of which are of volcanic origin except for
Anegada, are steep and hilly. Anegada, the northeasternmost Government
island of the chain, is a low coral island.
The climate is subtropical and humid. Temperatures are The British Virgin Islands are an internally self-governing
moderated by the trade winds. Hurricanes and tropical storms overseas territory of the United Kingdom.
can occur from July through October. Elizabeth II, recognized as the Chief of State, appoints a
Governor. The Premier and the Executive Council are appoint-
Buoyage System ed by the Governor. The 13 members of the unicameral Legis-
lative Council are directly elected to 4-year terms.
The IALA Buoyage System (Region B) is in effect. See The legal system is based on English common law.
Chart No. 1 for further IALA Buoyage System information. The capital is Road Town.
Pub. 140
76 British Virgin Islands
Languages
English is the official language. Spanish and Creole are also
spoken.
Meteorology
Marine weather forecasts are available in English from the
Caribbean Weather Center (http://www.caribwx.com/ma-
rine.html).
Flag of the British Virgin Islands
Holidays Enroute Volume
The following holidays are observed: ume 1.
January 1 New Year’s Day Maritime Claims

March 10 Commonwealth Day The maritime territorial claims of the British Virgin Islands
are, as follows:
Easter Sunday Variable Territorial Sea 12 miles.
Easter Monday Variable Fisheries or Economic 200 miles.
Whitmonday Variable Zone
Second Saturday in June Queen’s Birthday

Search and Rescue
July 1 Territories Day
A National Emergency Committee is responsible for coordi-
August 1-3 Bank Holidays
nating national distress and mass casualty operations. Virgin
October 21 St. Ursala’s Day Islands Search and Rescue (VISAR), a volunteer organization,
works closely with the U.S. Coast Guard. VISAR is not
November 14 Prince of Wales’ Birth-
day manned 24 hours, but rescue coordinators and lifeboat crews
are on call 24 hours. VISAR can be contacted, as follows:
December 25 Christmas Day 1. Telephone: 1-284-4990911
December 26 Boxing Day 2. Facsimile: 1-284-4946613
Industries Time Zone

The main industries are tourism, light industry, construction, The Time Zone description is QUEBEC (+4). Daylight Sav-
rum, concrete blocks, and offshore financial activities. ings Time is not observed.
The main exports are rum, fresh fish, fruits, livestock, gravel,
and sand. The main export-trading partner is the United States. U.S. Embassy
The main imports are building materials, automobiles, food-
stuffs, and machinery. The main import-trading partner is the The British Virgin Islands are a dependent territory of the
United States. United Kingdom. There is no diplomatic representation.
Pub. 140
77
BULGARIA
General 77 between Romania on the N and Greece and Turkey on the S.

Buoyage System 77 The S part of the country has a Mediterranean climate, with
Cautions 77 mild moist winters and hot dry summers. Further N conditions
Currency 77 become more Continental, with a larger range of temperatures
Government 78 and greater amounts of rainfall in the summer and early fall.
Holidays 78 The terrain is mostly mountainous, with lowlands in the N
Industries 78 and SE.
Languages 78
Mined Areas 78 Buoyage System
Pilotage 78 The IALA Buoyage System (Region A) is in effect. See
Pollution 79 Chart No. 1 for further IALA Buoyage System information.
Regulations 79
Restricted Areas 80 Cautions
Time Zone 83 Local Magnetic Anomalies
Traffic Separation Schemes 83 Magnetic anomalies of as much as 18° have been reported in
U.S. Embassy 83 the vicinity of Ostrov Sveta Anastasiya (42°28'N., 27°33'E.).
Vessel Traffic Service 83 A local anomaly has been reported in the vicinity of Chemi
Appendix I—Burgas Vessel Traffic Service 85 Nos (42°56'N., 27°54'E.).
Appendix II—Varna Vessel Traffic Service 87
Currency
General
The official unit of currency is the lev, consisting of 100
Bulgaria is located in southeastern Europe on the Black Sea, stotinki.
Pub. 140
78 Bulgaria
Government The main exports are clothing, footwear, iron and steel, ma-
chinery and equipment, and fuels. The main export-trading
Bulgaria is a parliamentary democracy. The country is divid- partners are Germany, Italy, Turkey, Romania, and Greece.
ed into 28 provinces. The main imports are machinery and equipment, metals and
Bulgaria is governed by a directly-elected President serving ores, chemicals and plastics, fuels, minerals, and raw materials.
a 5-year term. The Prime Minister is nominated by the Presi- The main import-trading partners are Germany, Russia, Italy,
dent and elected by the National Assembly. The unicameral Romania, and Turkey.
National Assembly consists of 240 directly-elected members,
serving 4-year terms. Languages
The legal system is civil law and criminal law based on Ro-
man law. Bulgarian is the official language.
The capital is Sofia.
Mined Areas
Former Mined Area No. 31-M (43°00'N., 28°00'E.) is
located about 8 miles NE of Cherni Nos.
Enroute Volume
BA NP 24, Black Sea and Sea of Azov Pilot (British Admi-
ralty publication)
Maritime Claims
Flag of Bulgaria The maritime territorial claims of Bulgaria are, as follows:
The following holidays are observed: Contiguous Zone 24 miles.
January 1 New Year’s Day (St. Zone **
Basil’s Day
Continental Shelf ** Depth of 200m or the Limit
March 3 National Day of Exploitation.
(Liberation from the
Ottomans) * Claims straight baselines. Foreign submarines must
navigate on the surface. The innocent passage of warships
Good Friday Variable is limited to designated sea lanes.
Easter Sunday Variable ** Limits to be established by agreement between states
Easter Monday Variable with adjacent or opposite coasts on the Black Sea on the
basis of international law.
May 1 Labor Day
May 6 St. George’s Day
(Bulgarian Army Day) Pilotage
May 24 Sts. Cyril and
Methodius Day Burgas (42°29'N., 27°29'E.)
Pilotage is compulsory for all vessels over 100 gross tons
September 6 Unification Day and is available 24 hours.
September 22 Independence Day Vessels should request pilot services through their agent, as
follows:
December 24 Christmas Eve 1. Inner Roads pilotage—send request 2 hours in ad-
December 25 Christmas Day vance.
2. Outer Roads pilotage—send request 4 hours in ad-
December 26 Second Day of
vance.
Christmas
Pilots board in the following positions:
1. Vessels with a draft less than 13.5m—42°28.5'N,
Industries 27°32.0'E.
2. Vessels with a draft greater than 13.5m—42°29.0'N,
The main industries are electricity, gas, and water; food, bev- 27°39.0'E.
erages, and tobacco; machinery and equipment; base metals; The pilots can be contacted, as follows:
chemical products; coke; refined petroleum; and nuclear fuel. 1. VHF: VHF channel 14
Pub. 140
Bulgaria 79
2. Telephone: 359-56-822096 (dispatcher) a. Position (latitude and longitude).

359-56-828626 (duty pilot) b. Pollution characteristics.
3. Facsimile: 359-56-840402 • Type of oil (heavy, crude, or light).
4. E-mail: [email protected] • Appearance (liquid, floating solids, oily appear-
5. Web site: http://www.bourgas-pilot.com ance, semi-liquid sludge, tarry lumps, changes in water
color, or visible vapor).
Varna (43°11'N., 27°55'E.) • Other harmful substances (if possible, specify
Pilotage is compulsory in the inner roads for all vessels over UN or IMO number).
100 gross tons and is available 24 hours. • Distinguishing marks on barrels or containers.
The pilot boarding position is centered in the Traffic Separa- • Length and width of slick (in nautical miles).
tion Scheme roundabout in position 43°11.2'N, 28°20.0'E. 5. Meteorological conditions and sea state
The pilots can be contacted, as follows: • Wind direction and speed (degrees and m/sec).
1. Call sign: Varna Pilots • Current direction and speed (degrees and knots).
2. VHF: VHF channel 14 • Visibility.
3. Telephone: 359-52-602448 6. Expected development of the pollution (arrival on the
4. Facsimile: 359-52-602445 coastline), giving estimated time, if possible.
5. E-mail: [email protected] 7. Source and cause of pollution (from vessel or other in-
6. Web site: http://www.varnapilots.com stallation). If the origin is a vessel, indicate if it appears to be
The request message should include the following informa- deliberate or an accident. In the latter case, give a brief de-
tion: scription. If possible, give the name, type, size, and national-
1. Vessel name. ity of home port of the polluting vessel. If the vessel is on
2. Nationality. passage, give its course and speed.
3. Call sign. 8. If the polluting vessel cannot be identified and the pol-
4. MMSI number. lution appears to be recent, then report the identity of vessels
5. IMO number. in the vicinity.
6. Dangerous cargo on board. 9. Action taken or planned, including proof of reported
7. Gross tonnage. details by taking photographs and obtaining samples.
8. Length overall. 10. Name of other states and/or organizations informed.
9. Breadth overall. 11. Any other information judged of value.
10. Freeboard. The Maritime Rescue Coordination Center (MRCC) Varna
11. Maximum draft. can be contacted, as follows:
12. Trim. 1. Telephone: 359-52-603268
13. Air draft, if greater than 41.72m. 359-52-633067
14. Date and time of arrival. 2. Facsimile: 359-52-603265
Balchik (43°24'N., 28°10'E.) [email protected]
Pilotage is compulsory and is provided by Varna. The pilot
boards in Balchik Roads. MARPOL Special Area
Pilots can be contacted on VHF channel 14. The Black Sea has been designated as a MARPOL Special
Area. MARPOL Special Areas are sea areas where special
Lesport (43°12'N., 27°48'E.) mandatory methods for the prevention of oil pollution in the
Pilotage is provided by Varna. sea have been adopted.
Pollution Ocean—Pollution—MARPOL Special Areas.
All vessels navigating in the Bulgaria SAR region, regard- Regulations

less of tonnage, must report the following to MRCC Varna:
1. Any incident (collision, grounding, fire, or outflow) European Union Expanded Inspection (EI) Notification
which has the potential to cause pollution of the sea by hy- Under European Union (EU) Directive 2009/16/EC, the Eu-
drocarbons, other noxious substances, barrels, containers, or ropean Union has introduced a mandatory reporting system for
other packages. vessels arriving at or departing from a port or anchorage in the
2. The dumping of any substances into the sea. EU region.
3. Any areas of pollution on the surface of the sea. The report should be sent, as follows:
The report should begin with the word POLREP and contain
the following information: Traffic Burgas
1. Date and time of observation reported (UTC or local
time), vessel name, IMO number, and call sign. Knyaz Aleksandar Batenberg
Mail
2. Position of reporting vessel. Boulevard, 1
3. Type of incident (collision, grounding, fire, or out- 359-56-844311
flow). Telephone
4. Information on pollution 359-56-876890
Pub. 140
80 Bulgaria
Facsimile 359-56-844310 d. 43°11'31.2''N, 27°55'04.8'E. (South Mole)

Traffic Varna East of Nos Shabla
359-52-603113 Area No. 15—A circular area, with a radius of 0.5 mile, cen-
Telephone tered on approximate position 43°34'N, 28°43'E.
359-52-692475 Area No. 16—A circular area, with a radius of 0.5 mile, cen-
Facsimile 359-52-602317 tered on approximate position 43°32'N, 28°41'E
Inquiries can be directed, as follows: Varnensko Ezero

Area No. 15—Area bounded by lines joining the following
Information Center Burgas positions:
a. 43°11'39.0''N, 27°50'36.0''E.
Telephone 359-56-876890 b. 43°11'22.8''N, 27°50'36.0''E.
E-mail [email protected] c. 43°11'22.8''N, 27°50'49.2''E.
d. 43°11'39.0''N, 27°50'49.2''E.
Information Center Varna
Telephone 359-52-603113 South of Nos Galata
Area No. 16—Area bounded by the coast and lines joining
E-mail [email protected] the following positions:
a. 43°03.9'N, 27°54.8'E. (coast)
For further information, see North Atlantic Ocean—Regu- b. 43°03.9'N, 27°55.1'E.
lations—European Union Expanded Inspection (EI) Notifi- c. 43°06.4'N, 27°55.8'E.
cation. d. 43°06.4'N, 27°55.4'E. (coast)
European Union Dangerous and Polluting Cargo Notifica- East of Cherni Nos
tion Area No. 14—A circular area, with a radius of 0.5 mile, cen-
Under European Union (EU) Directive 2002/59/EC, as tered on position 42°53.9'N, 28°03.3'E.
amended by EU Directive 2009/17/EC, any vessel over 300
gross tons and any vessel carrying dangerous or polluting cargo West of Nos Atiya
bound to or leaving from EU ports should report to the relevant Area No. 18—A circular area, with a radius of 0.2 mile, cen-
port authority at least 24 hours in advance. tered on position 42°27.6'N, 27°34.4'E.
For further information, see Baltic Sea—Regulations—Eu-
ropean Union Dangerous and Polluting Cargo Notifica- Southeast of Nos Galata
tions. Area No. 19—A circular area, with a radius of 0.7 mile, cen-
tered on approximate position 43°02.6'N, 28°11.6'E.
Restricted Areas Areas Declared Periodically Dangerous for Navigation
Bulgarian Regulated Areas, where navigation, fishing, and Southeast of Balchik

anchoring are prohibited, are listed below. The times during Area No. 111 (former Area 11)—Area bounded by lines
which these areas are either prohibited or dangerous for navi- joining the following positions:
gation, fishing, or anchoring are announced by radio naviga- a. 43°21.4'N, 28°10.0'E.
tional warnings 3 to 5 days before the start of the prohibition or b. 43°15.0'N, 28°07.0'E.
dangerous operation. c. 43°19.0'N, 28°21.5'E.
d. 43°21.4'N, 28°21.5'E.
Areas Prohibited for Navigation
East of Maslin Nos
Varnenski Zaliv Area No. 112—Area bounded by lines joining the following
Area 13—Area bounded by lines joining the following posi- positions:
tions: a. 42°25.8'N, 27°45.0'E.
a. 43°12'24.0''N, 27°57'18.0''E. b. 42°15.0'N, 27°52.5'E.
b. 43°12'07.2''N, 27°57'21.0''E. c. 42°15.0'N, 28°07.8'E.
c. 43°12'08.4''N, 27°57'36.0''E. d. 42°25.8'N, 28°01.0'E.
d. 43°12'25.2''N, 27°57'34.8''E.
Areas Declared Temporarily Dangerous for Navigation
Varna
Area No. 14—Area bounded by South Mole and lines join- Nos Emine to Nos Kaliakra
ing the following positions: Area No. 41—Area bounded by lines joining the following
a. 43°11'31.2''N, 27°55'01.2''E. (South Mole) positions:
b. 43°11'26.4''N, 27°55'01.2''E. a. 42°59.0'N, 28°11.5'E.
c. 43°11'26.4''N, 27°55'04.8''E. b. 42°35.0'N, 28°11.5'E.
Pub. 140
Bulgaria 81
c. 42°59.5'N, 29°01.0'E. h. 43°06'00.6''N, 27°55'24.0''E.

d. 43°16.0'N, 28°46.0'E.
Varnenski Zaliv
East of Nos Kaliakra Area No. 311—Area bounded by the coast and lines joining
Area No. 42—Area of bounded by lines joining the follow- the following positions:
ing positions: a. 43°11.3'N, 26°55.3'E. (coast)
a. 43°15.9'N, 28°46.2'E. b. 43°11.3'N, 26°56.7'E.
b. 43°32.3'N, 29°19.5'E. c. 43°12.7'N, 26°56.7'E. (coast)
c. 43°08.5'N, 29°19.5'E.
d. 42°59.5'N, 29°01.0'E. Between Nos Shabla and Nos Kaliakra
Area No. 43 —Area bounded by lines joining the following Area No. 312 (former Area 32)—Area bounded by the
positions: coast and lines joining the following positions:
a. 42°39.0'N, 28°28.0'E. a. 43°21.0'N, 28°28.0'E. (coast)
b. 42°18.5'N, 28°28.0'E. b. 43°19.9'N, 28°30.0'E.
c. 42°18.5'N, 29°22.0'E. c. 43°22.7'N, 28°48.0'E.
d. 42°39.0'N, 29°22.0'E. d. 43°30.0'N, 28°50.0'E.
e. 43°34.0'N, 28°50.0'E.
Southeast of Burgaskiy Zaliv f. 43°34.0'N, 28°35.5'E. (coast)
Area No. 44—Area of bounded by lines joining the follow-
ing positions: West of Nos Kaliakra
a. 42°23.5'N, 28°05.8'E. Area No. 313—Area bounded by the coast and lines joining
b. 42°09.9'N, 28°08.0'E. the following positions:
c. 42°08.0'N, 28°14.1'E. a. 43°23.2'N, 28°25.6'E. (coast)
d. 42°19.9'N, 28°03.4'E. b. 43°22.7'N, 28°25.6'E.
Area No. 45—Area of bounded by lines joining the follow- c. 43°22.7'N, 28°26.9'E.
ing positions: d. 43°23.0'N, 28°26.9'E. (coast)
a. 42°38.1'N, 28°33.7'E.
b. 42°19.4'N, 28°50.9'E. South of Balchik
c. 42°09.4'N, 28°12.8'E. Area No. 314—A circular area, with a radius of 0.3 mile,
d. 42°15.3'N, 28°07.6'E. centered on position 43°21.1'N, 28°10.4'E.
Areas Prohibited for Anchoring, Fishing, Underwater and Eastsoutheast of Nos Galata
Dredging Operations, Trawling, and Underwater Explo- Area No. 320—A circular area, with a radius of 0.25 mile,
sions centered on position 43°06'58.2''N, 28°07'31.2''E.
Between Nos Shabla and Nos Kaliakra Approach to Burgas

Area No. 58—Area bounded by lines joining the following Area No. 335—An area bounded by the coast and lines join-
positions: ing the following positions:
a. 43°34.4'N, 28°43.4'E. a. 42°33'32.4''N, 27°34'23.4''E. (coast)
b. 43°33.4'N, 28°44.5'E. b. 42°32'48.0''N, 27°34'54.0''E.
c. 43°31.4'N, 28°41.5'E. c. 42°32'53.4''N, 27°35'09.9''E.
d. 43°32.4'N, 28°40.3'E. d. 42°33'43.2''N, 27°34'36.6''E. (coast)
the following approximate positions: Lakhna Zaliv
a. 43°33.9'N, 28°35.5'E. (coast) Area No. 335—A circular area, with a radius of 185m, cen-
b. 43°33.9'N, 28°49.9'E. tered on position 42°32'37.2''N, 27°35'10.8''E.
c. 43°29.9'N, 28°49.9'E.
d. 43°22.9'N, 28°48.1'E. Varnensko Ezero
e. 43°20.9'N, 28°30.0'E. Area No. 321—Area of unknown boundaries in the vicinity
f. 43°21.7'N, 28°28.0'E. (coast) of position 43°12'N, 27°47'E.
Eastsoutheast of Nos Galeta Yevksinograd Zaliv

Area No. 310—Area bounded by lines joining the following Area No. 322—Area bounded by lines joining the following
positions: approximate positions:
a. 43°07'00.0''N, 27°55'42.0''E. a. 43°13.0'N, 27°58.6'E.
b. 43°03'07.8''N, 28°11'49.8''E. b. 43°13.0'N, 27°58.8'E.
c. 43°03'06.6''N, 28°18'27.0''E. c. 43°12.6'N, 27°58.6'E.
d. 43°02'28.8''N, 28°18'24.6''E. d. 43°12.6'N, 27°58.4'E.
e. 43°02'04.2''N, 28°22'25.2''E. Area No. 80—Area bounded by the coast and lines joining
f. 43°01'05.4''N, 28°22'13.2''E. the following approximate positions:
g. 43°01'12.0''N, 28°11'21.6''E. a. 43°13'09.6''N, 27°58'55.2''E.
Pub. 140
82 Bulgaria
b. 43°12'58.2''N, 27°58'55.2''E. Nos Emine
c. 43°12'51.6''N, 27°59'49.8''E. Area No. 55—Area bounded by the coast and lines joining
d. 43°13'03.6''N, 28°00'19.2''E. the following positions:
e. 43°13'08.4''N, 28°00'19.2''E. a. 42°41'57.6''N, 27°53'54.0''E. (coast)
Note.—The area is restricted only from 1 October to 30 b. 42°41'53.6''N, 27°54'00.0''E.
April of the following year. c. 42°41'58.8''N, 27°54'07.2''E.
Area No. 81—Area bounded by the coast and lines joining d. 42°42'03.0''N, 27°54'04.2''E. (coast)
the following approximate positions:
a. 43°12'58.2''N, 27°58'55.2''E. Southwest of Ostrov Sveta Anastasiya
b. 43°12'51.6''N, 27°59'49.8''E. Area No. 317—Area bounded by the coast and lines joining
c. 43°13'03.6''N, 28°00'19.2''E. the following positions:
d. 43°12'51.0''N, 28°00'19.2''E. a. 42°27'30.0''N, 27°32'25.8''E. (coast)
e. 43°12'40.8''N, 27°59'54.6''E. b. 42°28'22.8''N, 27°32'57.0''E.
f. 43°12'44.4''N, 27°59'11.4''E. c. 42°28'12.0''N, 27°33'28.2''E.
g. 43°12'51.0''N, 27°58'55.2''E. d. 42°27'17.4''N, 27°32'52.8''E. (coast)
Note.—The area is restricted only from 1 May to 30
September. Nos Atiya
Varnesko Ezero the following positions:
Area No. 323—Area bounded by the coast and lines joining a. 42°26'45.0''N, 27°34'32.4''E. (coast)
the following approximate positions: b. 42°27'12.0''N, 27°34'26.4''E.
a. 43°12.5'N, 27°51.9'E. (coast) c. 42°27'51.0''N, 27°35'00.0''E.
b. 43°11.8'N, 27°52.3'E. (coast) d. 42°27'55.2''N, 27°35'10.8''E.
c. 43°11.6'N, 27°52.8E'. (coast) e. 42°27'49.8''N, 27°35'25.2''E.
d. 43°11.7'N, 27°52.8'E. f. 42°27'18.0''N, 27°35'50.4''E.
e. 43°12.5'N, 27°52.2'E. (coast) g. 42°27'13.8''N, 27°35'42.6''E. (coast)
South of Nos Galata East of Nos Atiya

Area No. 324—A circular area, with a radius of 0.15 mile, Area No. 318—An area bounded by lines joining the follow-
centered on approximate position 43°08.0'N, 27°57.2'E. ing position:
a. 42°28'01.8''N, 27°35'30.6''E.
Approaches to Varna b. 42°27'19.8''N, 27°35'54.1''E.
Area No. 334—A circular area, with a radius of 0.4 mile, c. 42°27'29.8''N, 27°36'25.2''E.
centered on approximate position 43°10'00.6''N, 28°00'04.2''E. d. 42°28'10.8''N, 27°36'00.6''E.
Area No. 337—A circular area, with a radius of 0.5 mile,
centered on approximate position 43°13'24.4''N, 28°01'34.2''E. Nos Talasakra
Strashimirovo West the following positions:
Area No. 332—Area bounded by the coast and lines joining a. 42°27'06.0''N, 27°38'52.8''E. (coast)
the following approximate positions: b. 42°27'09.0''N, 27°38'52.8''E.
a. 43°11'49.6''N, 27°42'26.2''E. (coast) c. 42°27'09.0''N, 27°39'09.0''E.
b. 43°11'42.4''N, 27°42'24.3''E. (coast) and d. 42°27'05.4''N, 27°39'19.2''E.
c. 43°11'48.2''N, 27°42'35.3''E. (coast) e. 42°26'56.4''N, 27°39'16.8''E.
d. 43°11'41.8''N, 27°42'33.8''E. (coast) f. 42°26'56.4''N, 27°39'09.0''E. (coast)
Strashimirovo West Northwest of Nos Khrisosotira

Area No. 333—Area bounded by the coast and lines joining Area No. 52—Area bounded by the coast and lines joining
the following approximate positions: the following positions:
a. 43°11'45.6''N, 27°42'56.7''E. (coast) a. 42°26'04.2''N, 27°39'15.6''E. (coast)
b. 43°11'38.6''N, 27°42'55.1''E. (coast) and b. 42°25'57.0''N, 27°39'22.2''E. (coast)
c. 43°11'44.6''N, 27°42'07.0''E. (coast)
d. 43°11'37.2''N, 27°42'05.8''E. (coast) South of Ostrov Sveta Ivan
Kora Burnu to Nos Sveti Georgi the following positions:
Area No. 315—An area about 1 mile on either side of the a. 42°26'24.0''N, 27°41'21.0''E. (coast)
cable running 12 miles ESE from Nos Sveti Georgi (43°13'N., b. 42°26'39.6''N, 27°41'00.0''E.
28°01'E.). c. the major arc of a circle with a radius of 0.47 mile cen-
tered on Ostrov Sveti Ivan Light (42°26'22.2''N.,
East of Cherni Nos 27°41'27.0''E.) extending counterclockwise to
Area No. 316—A circular area, with a radius of about 0.15 d. 42°26'21.6''N, 27°42'00.0''E.
mile, centered on position 42°53.9'N, 28°07.4'E. e. 42°26'21.6''N, 27°41'58.2''E. (coast)
Pub. 140
Bulgaria 83
Southwest of Ostrov Sveta Ivan Search and Rescue

positions: The Maritime Rescue Coordination Center (MRCC) Varna
a. 42°25'38.4''N, 27°40'03.6''E. can be contacted, as follows:
b. 42°25'38.4''N, 27°40'13.2''E. 1. Telephone: 359-52-603268
c. 42°25'33.0''N, 27°40'13.2''E. 359-52-633067
d. 42°25'33.0''N, 27°40'03.6''E. 359-888-952113 (mobile)
2. Facsimile: 359-52-603265
Sozopol 3. E-mail: [email protected]
Area No. 54—Area bounded by the coast and lines joining Varna Coast Radio Station (LZW) maintain a continuous lis-
the following positions: tening watch for distress traffic on 2182 kHz, 2187.5 kHz, and
a. 42°25'33.6''N, 27°41'44.4''E. (coast) VHF channel 16. Distress information is forwarded to MRCC
b. 42°25'33.0''N, 27°41'39.0''E. Varna.
c. 42°25'22.8''N, 27°41'31.2''E.
d. 42°25'15.0''N, 27°41'16.2''E. Time Zone
e. 42°25'17.4''N, 27°41'07.8''E.
f. 42°25'36.0''N, 27°41'18.0''E. The Time Zone description is BRAVO (-2). Daylight Sav-
g. 42°25'40.8''N, 27°41'37.2''E. ings Time (CHARLIE (-3)) is observed from the last Sunday in
h. 42°25'38.4''N, 27°41'45.0''E. (coast) March until the last Sunday in October.
Maslen Nos Traffic Separation Schemes

the following positions: Traffic Separation Schemes (TSS) in Bulgaria are, as fol-
a. 42°18'33.0''N, 27°47'34.8''E. (coast) lows:
b. 42°18'40.2''N, 27°47'34.8''E. 1. Between Burgas and Nos Kaliakra. (Government of
c. 42°18'40.2''N, 27°47'51.6''E. Bulgaria)
d. 42°18'19.2''N, 27°47'51.6''E. 2. In the Approaches to Burgas. (Government of Bulgar-
e. 42°18'19.2''N, 27°47'31.8''E. ia)
f. 42°18'25.2''N, 27°47'31.8''E. (coast) 3. In the Approaches to Midia. (Government of Bulgaria)
Southeast of Mys Rokhi U.S. Embassy

the following positions: The U. S. Embassy is situated at 16 Kozyak Street, Sofia.
a. 42°09'24.6''N, 27°52'28.8''E. (coast) The mailing addresses are, as follows:
b. 42°09'27.6''N, 27°52'37.2''E. 1. Bulgaria address—
c. 42°09'25.2''N, 27°52'44.4''E. 16 Kozyak Street
d. 42°09'20.4''N, 27°52'39.0''E. (coast) Sofia 1408
2. U. S. address—
Southeast of Nos Galata Department of State
Area No. 59—A circular area, with a radius of 1 mile, cen- 5740 Sofia Place
tered on position 43°06.9'N, 28°07.5'E. Washington, DC (20521-5740)
Area No. 62—A circular area, with a radius of 1 mile, cen-
tered on position 43°02.5'N, 28°10.0'E.
Area No. 60—A circular area, with a radius of 1 mile, cen- U. S. Embassy Bulgaria Home Page
tered on position 43°06.9'N, 28°07.5'E. http://bulgaria.usembassy.gov
Eastsoutheast of Sveti Atanus Nos Vessel Traffic Service

Area No. 61—A circular area, with a radius of 1 mile, cen-
tered on position 42°59.9'N, 28°08.9'E. Vessel Traffic Services operate, as follows:
1. Burgas (42°29'N., 27°29'E.). For further information,
Note.—Former Regulated Areas 13, 35, 42, 44, and 45, see Appendix I.
which may still be charted on some charts, are no longer in 2. Varna (43°11'N., 27°55'E.). For further information,
force. see Appendix II.
Pub. 140
Bulgaria 85
Appendix I—Burgas Vessel Traffic Service

Burgas Vessel Traffic Service (VTS) is a mandatory system affect safety or when requested by Burgas Traffic.
applying to the following vessels: Required information for each report can be found in the ta-
1. All vessels of 300 gross tons and over. ble titled Burgas VTS—Reporting Information.
2. All passenger vessels carrying more than 12 passen- The Reporting Lines are located, as follows:
gers. 1. Reporting Line 1—The limits of the VTS area.
3. All vessels carrying dangerous or polluting cargo. 2. Reporting Line 2—A line joining Pomorie
4. All vessels with an loa greater than 24m. (42°33.2'N., 27°39.7'E.) and Nos Kolokita (43°24.6'N.,
5. All fishing vessels with an loa greater than 15m. 27°43.8'E).
The VTS area is bounded by the coast and lines joining the The languages to be used are Bulgarian or English using the
following positions: IMO Standard Marine Communication Phrases.
a. 42°42'00.0''N, 27°54'04.2''E. (Nos Emine) All vessels must maintain a continuous listening watch on
b. 42°42'00.0''N, 28°05'00.0''E. VHF channel 16 and the designated frequency when transiting,
c. 42°20'00.0''N, 28°05'00.0''E. at anchor, or waiting to berth.
d. 42°20'00.0''N, 27°47'09.6''E. (Nos Korakya) Traffic information, traffic clearances, or VTS operations do
Vessels are required to report to Burgas VTS, as follows: not relieve the master of the responsibility for the safe naviga-
1. Entry Report—When entering the VTS area (Report- tion of the vessel.
ing Line 1). Contact Information.—Burgas VTS can be contacted, as
2. Exit Report—When departing the VTS area (Report- follows:
ing Line 1). 1. Call sign: Burgas Traffic
3. Crossing Report—When crossing Reporting Line 2. 2. VHF: VHF channels 11 and 16
4. Arrival Report—When arriving at a berth or anchor- 3. Telephone: 359-56-844311
age. 359-88-8142935 (mobile)
5. Departure Report—Vessels must obtain permission to 4. Facsimile: 359-56-844310
depart not more than 5 minutes prior to casting off from a 5. E-mail: [email protected]
berth or leaving the anchorage. 6. Web site: http://www.bgports.bg
6. Other Reports—Vessels must report anything likely to http://www.vtmis.bg
Burgas VTS—Reporting Information

Identifier Information Required Entry Exit Crossing Arrival Departure
Vessel name, call sign, IMO Number, MMSI
A X X X X X
Number, and flag
B Date and time X X X X X
C Position (latitude/longitude) 1 X X X X
X
D Position (bearing to and distance from a landmark) X1
E Course X
F Speed X
G Last port of call X
I Destination, ETA, and ETD X
L Intended track X
O Maximum present draft X
Cargo and, if dangerous or polluting cargo on
P board, the quantity, UN numbers, and IMO hazard X
classes, as appropriate
Q Defects, damage, deficiencies, or other limitations X
T Contact information of vessel’s agent or owners X
Size and type of vessel (loa, beam, draft, gross
U X
tons, type)
W Total number of persons on board X
X1 Either C or D may be used.
Pub. 140
Bulgaria 87
Appendix II—Varna Vessel Traffic Service

Varna Vessel Traffic Service (VTS) is a mandatory system affect safety or when requested by Varna Traffic.
applying to the following vessels: Required information for each report can be found in the ta-
1. All vessels of 300 gross tons and over. ble titled Varna VTS—Reporting Information.
2. All passenger vessels carrying more than 12 passen- The Reporting Lines are located, as follows:
gers. 1. Reporting Line 1—The limits of the VTS area.
3. All vessels carrying dangerous or polluting cargo. 2. Reporting Line 2—A line joining position 43°24.6'N,
4. All vessels with an loa greater than 24m. 28°21.4'E and position 43°01.6'N, 27°53.5'E.
5. All fishing vessels with an loa greater than 15m. The languages to be used are Bulgarian or English using the
The VTS area is bounded by the coast and lines joining the IMO Standard Marine Communication Phrases.
following positions: All vessels must maintain a continuous listening watch on
a. 43°21'37.2''N, 28°27'54.0''E. (Nos Kaliakra) VHF channel 16 and the designated frequency when transiting,
b. 43°00'00.0''N, 28°27'54.0''E. at anchor, or waiting to berth.
c. 43°00'00.0''N, 27°53'24.0''E. (coast) Traffic information, traffic clearances, or VTS operations do
Vessels are required to report to Varna VTS, as follows: not relieve the master of the responsibility for the safe naviga-
1. Entry Report—When entering the VTS area (Report- tion of the vessel.
ing Line 1). Contact Information.—Varna VTS can be contacted, as
2. Exit Report—When departing the VTS area (Report- follows:
ing Line 1). 1. Call sign: Varna Traffic
3. Crossing Report—When crossing Reporting Line 2. 2. VHF: VHF channels 11 and 16
4. Arrival Report—When arriving at a berth or anchor- 3. Telephone: 359-52-603113
age. 359-88-5907719 (mobile)
5. Departure Report—Vessels must obtain permission to 4. Facsimile: 359-52-602317
depart not more than 5 minutes prior to casting off from a 5. E-mail: [email protected]
berth or leaving the anchorage. 6. Web site: http://www.bgports.bg
6. Other Reports—Vessels must report anything likely to http://www.vtmis.bg
Varna VTS—Reporting Information

Identifier Information Required Entry Exit Crossing Arrival Departure
Vessel name, call sign, IMO Number, MMSI
A X X X X X
Number, and flag
B Date and time X X X X X
C Position (latitude/longitude) X1 X X X X
D Position (bearing to and distance from a landmark) X1
E Course X
F Speed X
G Last port of call X
I Destination, ETA, and ETD X
L Intended track X
O Maximum present draft X
Cargo and, if dangerous or polluting cargo on
P board, the quantity, UN numbers, and IMO hazard X
classes, as appropriate
Q Defects, damage, deficiencies, or other limitations X
T Contact information of vessel’s agent or owners X
Size and type of vessel (loa, beam, draft, gross
U X
tons, type)
W Total number of persons on board X
1
X Either C or D may be used.
Pub. 140
89
CANADA
General 89 British North America Act. Discovered by Cabot in 1497, it

Areas to be Avoided 89 was formed from the colonies originally settled by the French
Buoyage System 90 and British in the 17th century together with lands owned by
Cautions 90 the Hudson’s Bay Company. The Dominion was finally com-
Currency 90 pleted by the inclusion of Newfoundland in 1949.
Firing Areas 90 The country now contains the whole of the North American
Fishing Areas 91 continent N of the border of the United States of America, ex-
Government 95 cluding Alaska, which is part of the United States of America,
Holidays 95 but including all of the islands, known as the Canadian Arctic
Ice 95 Archipelago, which lie between the Arctic Ocean, on the W,
Industries 104 and the median line with Greenland, on the E.
Languages 104 The climate varies from temperate in the S to subarctic and
Meteorology 104 arctic in the N.
Navigational Information 104 The terrain is mostly plains, with mountains in the W and
Offshore Drilling 104 lowlands in the SE.
Pilotage 105
Pollution 106 Areas to be Avoided
Regulations 106
Search and Rescue 119 An IMO-adopted seasonal Area to be Avoided has been es-
Signals 120 tablished in Roseway Basin, located between Browns Bank
Submarine Operating Areas 121 and Baccaro Bank on the southern Scotian Shelf S of Cape Sa-
Time Zone 126 ble.
Traffic Separation Schemes 126 This area, applicable to vessel of 300 gross tons and over
U.S. Embassy 126 solely in transit, is seasonally active from June 1 until Decem-
Vessel Traffic Service 126 ber 31 and is bounded by lines joining the following positions:
Appendix I—ECAREG/NORDREG Ship Reporting a. 43°16'N, 64°55'W.
Requirements 127 b. 42°47'N, 64°59'W.
Appendix II—Time Zones 135 c. 42°39'N, 65°31'W.
Appendix III—MCTS Center Contact Information 137 d. 42°52'N, 66°05'W.
Appendix IV—Icebreaker Signals 139 The major threats to right whales in this area are collisions
with ships. Mariners are requested to avoid passage through
General this area. If passage through this area is necessary, decrease
vessel speed, post a lookout, and steer the ship around any right
Canada, the largest self-governing country in the Common- whales.
wealth of Nations, is a federal state established in 1867 by the If a right whale is sighted or a collision occurs, please report
Pub. 140
90 Canada
the position (in latitude and longitude) to the Department of 2. Off the coast between Savage Point (51°20'N.,
Fisheries and Oceans via any Marine Communications Traffic 56°42'W.) and Capstan Point. 2.75 miles SW.
Services Center (MTSC) or by facsimile (902-426-2698). 3. In the vicinity of Saddle Island (51°44'N., 56°26'W.).
Note.—Further information on right whales may be found in Magnetic anomalies off the E coast of Labrador are located,
Regulations—Conservation of Marine Mammals. as follows:
1. In the vicinity of Cape St. Francis (52°34'N.,
Buoyage System 55°42'W.).
2. In the approaches to Davis Inlet, from a position about
The IALA Buoyage System (Region B) is in effect. See 27 miles E of Cape Harrigan (55°51'N., 60°19'W.) and 18
Chart No. 1 for further IALA Buoyage System information. miles NE of Cape Harrigan
In winter, floating aids to navigation may be out of position, 3. East of Navchak Bay in position 59°00'N, 61°00'W.
their equipment inoperative, their shape altered by ice forma- 4. An abnormal variation of up to 20° from normal has
tion or structural damage, under the ice, or their color indistin- been observed off the N entrance to Ikkerasak Strait
guishable due to freezing spray, marine growth, or guano. (57°48.6'N., 61°53.4'W.).
Many buoys are removed prior to the winter season; some of Magnetic anomalies off the N shore of the St. Lawrence Riv-
these buoys are replaced by winter spar buoys. er are located, as follows:
Lights on the S coast of Newfoundland from Cape St. Fran- 1. In an area located about 9 miles SW Pointe de Natash-
cis (52°34'N., 55°42'W.), on the Avalon Peninsula, to Cape An- quan (50°05'N., 61°44'W.); changes to the magnetic varia-
guille, on the shore of Cabot Strait, as well as certain lights in tion of up to 5° have been reported.
Notre Dame Bay, Bonavista Bay, Trinity Bay, Conception Bay, 2. In Baie de Blanc-Sablon (51°25'N., 57°08'W.).
and the Bay of Islands, are exhibited year-round. Other lights 3. In the vicinity of Ile Plate (50°45'N., 58°45'W.) and
are exhibited only during the navigation season. Lights used over the banks lying 10 to 22 miles S.
solely as harbor lights are not exhibited when the harbor is 4. About 13 miles S of Grande Pointe (50°12'N.,
closed. Lights shown primarily for the benefit of fishermen are 63°27'W.).
only shown during the fishing season. 5. Within 5 miles of the coast between Riviere Sainte-
A number of special purpose buoys are used in Canadian wa- Jean and Sept-Iles.
ters. These buoys have no lateral or cardinal significance; they 6. In the vicinity of Pointe Claveau (48°16'N., 70°07'W.).
may be lit or unlit, have a variety of shapes, and may display 7. In the vicinity of Anse a la Croix (48°21'N., 70°40'W.)
yellow reflective tape. Examples of special purpose buoys in- and in the vicinity of position 48°21.2N. 70°20.7'W.
clude anchorage buoys, cautionary buoys, diving buoys, keep 8. On the N side of Baie des Ha Ha (48°21'N., 70°47'W.)
out buoys, and information buoys. and over the banks lying 10 to 22 miles S.
Cautions Navigation in the Vicinity of the Grand Banks

All vessels transiting in the vicinity of the Grand Banks of
Automatic Identification System Newfoundland shall avoid, as far as practicable, the fishing
The Canadian Coast Guard’s Marine Communications and banks N of 43°N and pass outside of regions known or believed
Traffic Services (MCTS) Centers operate an Automatic Identi- to be endangered by ice.
fication System (AIS) at the following MCTS Centers:
1. Newfoundland—Placentia and Port-aux-Basques. Currency
2. Nova Scotia—Sydney and Halifax.
3. Quebec—Les Escoumins and Quebec. The official unit is the Canadian dollar, consisting of 100
MCTS Centers are able to receive dynamic information (po- cents.
sition, heading, and speed), static information (vessel descrip-
tion), and voyage information as transmitted by the vessel’s Firing Areas
AIS. Although MCTS Centers will be able to receive this infor-
mation, the service should only be used when other methods of Firing practices, bombing practices, and defense exercises
communicating with the MCTS Centers fail. AIS binary ser- take place in a number of areas off the coast of Canada. The
vices are currently unavailable. principal types of practices carried out are:
1. Air-to-Air, Air-to-Sea, or Air-to-Ground Firing.—Air-
Hudson Bay Rocket Area to-air firing is carried out by aircraft firing at a large white or
The National Research Council Rocket Area is located with- red sleeve, a winged target, or flag towed by another aircraft
in Hudson Bay. For further information, see Pub. 146, Sailing moving on a steady course. Air-to-sea or air-to-ground firing
Directions (Enroute) Newfoundland, Labrador, and Hudson is carried out from aircraft at towed or stationary targets on
Bay. sea or land, the firing taking place to seaward in the case of
those on land. All marine craft operating as range safety
Magnetic Anomalies craft, target towers, or control launches for radio-controlled
Magnetic anomalies off the NE coast of Newfoundland are targets will display, for identification purposes, while on or
located, as follows: in the vicinity of the danger area, the following signals:
1. A variation anomaly of 3°E has been observed be- a. A large red flag at the masthead.
tween Cape Norman (51°32'N., 55°04'W.) and the SW end b. A painted canvas strip, 1.8m by 0.9m with red and
of Centre Bank. white checkers in 0.3m squares, on the fore deck or cabin
Pub. 140
Canada 91
roof. Firing Exercise Areas

2. Anti-aircraft Firing.—This may be from guns, missiles,
or machine guns at a target towed by aircraft as in 1 above, at Chartlet
Area Coordinates
a pilotless target aircraft, or at balloons or kites. Practice may No.
take place from shore batteries or ships. Warning signals, as Golf Three 43°30'N, 63°30'W 1
a rule, are shown from shore batteries; ships fly a red flag. 43°30'N, 63°00'W
3. Firing from Shore Batteries or Ships at Sea at Fixed or 43°00'N, 63°00'W
Floating Targets.—Warning signals usually shown as in 2 43°00'N, 63°30'W
above.
4. At Remote-controlled Craft.—These craft are about Golf Four 43°30'N, 64°00'W 1
21m in length and carry “not under command” shapes and 43°30'N, 63°30'W
lights, as well as normal navigation lights. Exercises consist- 43°00'N, 63°30'W
ing of surface firing by ships, practice bombing, air to sea 43°00'N, 64°00'W
firing, and rocket firing will be carried out against these craft Hotel One 44°00'N, 63°00'W 1
or targets towed by them. 44°00'N, 62°30'W
A control craft will keep visual and radar watch up to ap- 43°30'N, 62°30'W
proximately 8 miles and there will be cover from the air over 43°30'N, 63°00'W
a much greater range to ensure that other shipping will not
Hotel Two 44°00'N, 62°30'W 1
be endangered.
Warning signals, when given, usually consists of red flags by 44°00'N, 62°00'W
day and fixed red or flashing red lights by night. The absence 43°30'N, 62°00'W
43°30'N, 62°30'W
of any such signal cannot, however, be accepted as evidence
that a practice area does not exist. Warning signals are shown Hotel Three 43°30'N, 62°30'W 1
from just before practice commences until it ceases. 43°30'N, 62°00'W
43°00'N, 62°00'W
43°00'N, 62°30'W
Firing Exercise Areas
Hotel Four 43°30'N, 63°00'W 1
Chartlet
Area Coordinates 43°30'N, 62°30'W
No.
43°00'N, 62°30'W
Delta One 44°19'N, 64°00'W 1 43°00'N, 63°00'W
44°19'N, 63°45'W
44°10'N, 63°45'W Ships and aircraft carrying out night exercises may illumi-
44°10'N, 64°00'W nate with bright red or orange flares.
Delta Two 44°19'N, 63°45'W 1 A vessel may be aware of the existence of a practice area
44°19'N, 63°30'W from local Notice to Mariners or similar method of promulga-
44°10'N, 63°30'W tion and by observing the warning signals or the practice.
44°10'N, 63°45'W The range authorities are responsible for ensuring that there
should be no risk of damage from falling splinters, bullets, etc.,
Delta Three 44°10'N, 63°45'W 1 to any vessel which may be in a practice area.
44°10'N, 63°30'W Areas are only in use intermittently or over limited periods
44°00'N, 63°30'W of time. When it is intended that a firing practice and exercise
44°00'N, 63°45'W area be used, this information will be promulgated by local
Delta Four 44°10'N, 64°00'W 1 Canadian Coast Guard Marine Radio Broadcasts and may also
44°10'N, 63°45'W be advertised in local newspapers. Maritime Command vessels
44°00'N, 63°45'W are informed by Navigational Warning Messages CANHY-
44°00'N, 64°00'W DROLANT.
Area Romeo (Halifax Harbor-Roach Cove).—An arc from
Echo Two 44°19'N, 63°30'W 1 shoreline to shoreline centered on position 44°42'43''N,
44°19'N, 63°00'W 63°38'40''W with a radius of 365m. Used for underwater
44°00'N, 63°00'W
demolition training with a maximum explosive weight of 10
44°00'N, 63°30'W kilograms.
Golf One 44°00'N, 64°00'W 1 Squaw Point Firing Area (Prince Edward Island).—The
44°00'N, 63°30'W arc of a circle, with a radius of 1.9 miles, centered on position
43°30'N, 63°30'W 46°11'25''N, 63°02'58''W limited by an arc of 29° extending
43°30'N, 64°00'W from 184° to 213°.
Golf Two 44°00'N, 63°30'W 1
44°00'N, 63°00'W Fishing Areas
43°30'N, 63°00'W
43°30'N, 63°30'W Throughout the year, but especially in summer, large concen-
trations of fishing vessels may be encountered anywhere on the
Pub. 140
92 Canada
Courtesy of Canadian Hydrographic Service

Squaw Point Firing Area
Area Romeo (Roach Cove) in the shallows of the E coast of Newfoundland from mid-Ju-
ly until early August.
3. Herring—Fishing carried on in the shallow reaches of
the great bays of Newfoundland, generally within 3 miles of
Grand Banks of Newfoundland and on the Nova Scotian shelf. the coast. The different herring seasons are, as follows:
Vessels proceeding through this area should navigate with cau- • Spring season—Appear on the W coast of New-
tion and maintain a continuous listening watch on VHF chan- foundland near and in St. George’s Bay, appearing at the
nel 16. time of the full moon in the beginning of May.
Large fleets may be encountered throughout the year in the S • Fall season—In the Bay of Islands from October to
approaches to the Bay of Fundy and within the area of Grand the following June.
Manan Basin between Grand Manan Island and Nova Scotia. • Winter season—On the S coast of Fortune Bay be-
Vessels proceeding through this area should navigate with cau- ginning in September.
tion and maintain a continuous listening watch on VHF chan- 4. Lobster—All along the coast of Newfoundland from
nel 16. The use of the Bay of Fundy Traffic Separation Scheme small boats tending traps set close to shore in depths of 15 to
is compulsory. The MCTS Center Saint John (Fundy Traffic) 20m during an 8 to 10-week spring season.
may be contacted for detailed information concerning fishing Labrador fishing areas are, as follows:
vessel concentrations. 1. Cod—Conducted from June to October, mainly along
Large fleets may be encountered throughout the navigation the Strait of Belle Isle, but also as far N as Nain; along the
season in the Strait of Belle Isle and its approaches. Vessels coasts and islands between Chateau Bay and the Ironbound
proceeding through this area should navigate with caution and Islands; and vessels working an area within 50 miles of the
maintain a continuous listening watch on VHF channel 16. The coast, generally NE of Venison Tickle, to seaward of Hamil-
MCTS Center Saint Anthony (Saint Anthony Coast Guard Ra- ton Island, NW of Makkovik, to seaward of Nain, and off
dio) may be contacted for detailed information concerning Cape Mugford.
fishing vessel concentrations. 2. Herring—off the coast from October until June.
Fishing vessels may also be encountered off the coast of 3. Lobster—All along the coast of Labrador in the Strait
Labrador, but not in such large numbers as may be found on of Belle Isle from small boats tending traps set close to shore
the Grand Banks. in depths of 15 to 20m during an 8 to 10-week spring season.
Newfoundland fisheries areas are, as follows: Fishing gear in the waters off the Atlantic coast of Canada
1. Cod—Coastal fishing from small boats using traps, gill extending horizontally in the sea is marked, as given in the ac-
nets, and hook and line from April to October. companying table titled Fishing Gear Markings—East Coast
2. Caplin—A small bait fish appearing in large numbers of Canada.
Marine Farms and Aquaculture Facilities The number of marine farms or aquaculture facilities located
Pub. 140
Canada 93

Chartlet 1
along the E coast of Canada is increasing. Marine farms are chorages by commercial and recreational vessels. The marine
marked by yellow cautionary buoys; black floats may be locat- farms may also be moored in the center of shallower, less fre-
ed between the cautionary buoys. Shipping channels near the quented bays and inlets.
marine farms are marked by a lateral system of red and green Shellfish farms use floating platforms from which the shell-
buoys. For further information on marine farm markings, see fish are suspended off the bottom. The floating platforms are a
the graphic titled Typical Aquaculture Site Layouts. series of buoys linked by cables which are left in one position
Vessels should maintain a safe distance from these facilities for a few years, after which the shellfish are then harvested.
to prevent damaging these facilities due to excessive wash and Depending on the season, these facilities may be located at the
to avoid collisions and entanglements. surface or are submerged. Large numbers of this type of facili-
Open water marine farms typically consist of floating walk- ty are located in the coastal areas of Chaleur Bay, Baie de
ways from which netted pens hang into water that is usually Gaspe, Iles de la Madeleine, and Prince Edward Island.
6m deep or greater. A large work and storage area is usually Caution.—Frequent changes in the location of marine farms
situated on the adjacent shore. Some marine farms use large require caution from the mariner. Some areas previously occu-
work barges to contain their work, storage, and living areas. pied by marine farms may contain obstructions caused by sub-
These marine farms may be moored close offshore along ship- merged debris from abandoned facilities. Vessels should avoid
ping channels or may be moored in bays and inlets used as an- anchoring in these areas.
Pub. 140
94 Canada
Courtesy of Fisheries and Oceans Canada

Typical Aquaculture Site Layouts
Fishing Gear Markings—East Coast of Canada

Type of gear Day signal Night signal
A buoy with two square black
Horizontal fishing gear—West end 1 flags or one square black flag A buoy with two white lights. 3
over a black radar reflector. 2
A buoy with an square orange
Horizontal fishing gear—East end 1 A buoy with one white light. 3
flag or an orange radar reflector. 2
Anchored fishing gear not extending Buoy with a square blue flag or
One white light.
horizontally blue radar reflector.
Pub. 140
Canada 95
Fishing Gear Markings—East Coast of Canada

Type of gear Day signal Night signal
At each end and at distances of At each end and at distances of
not more than 2 miles along its not more than 2 miles along its
Drifting fishing gear length, a buoy with a square length, a buoy with a white light.
green flag or green radar
reflector.
1
The direction in which the gear extends may be marked by a buoy moored off each end, showing, as follows:
1. By day—A square white flag or white radar reflector.
2. By night—One white light.
2 If the net is longer than 1 mile, it will be marked by additional buoys carrying either a square white flag or white
reflector at intervals of not greater than 1 mile.
3 If the net is longer than 1 mile, it will be marked by additional buoys displaying a white light at intervals of not
greater than 1 mile.
Government June 24 Saint-Jean-Baptiste Day

(Montreal and Quebec City
Canada is a confederation with a parliamentary democracy. only)
The country is divided into ten provinces and three territories.
Elizabeth II, recognized as the Chief of State, appoints a July 1 Canada Day
Governor-General. The Governor-General appoints a Prime First Monday in Civic Holiday (except Quebec)
Minister after Parliamentary elections are held. The bicameral August
Parliament consists of a 105-member Senate, appointed by the
Governor-General and who may serve until 75 years of age, First Monday in Labor Day
and a directly-elected 338-member House of Commons, serv- September
ing 4-year terms. Second Monday in Thanksgiving Day
The legal system is based on English common law, except in October
the province of Quebec, where the legal system is based on
November 11 Remembrance Day
French civil law.
The capital is Ottawa. December 25 Christmas Day
Note.—Canadian holidays falling on a Saturday or
Sunday are observed the following Monday.
The Province of Quebec observes the local holidays of

Epiphany, Ash Wednesday, Ascension Day, All Saints’ Day,
and Immaculate Conception Day.
Newfoundland observes the local holidays of St. Patrick’s
Day, St. George’s Day, Discovery Day, Orangeman’s Day,
Flag of Canada
Annual Regatta Day, and Boxing Day.
Holidays Ice
The following holidays are observed: General
One of the main hazards to shipping when approaching the E
January 1 New Year’s Day coast of Canada is the pack ice and the large number of ice-
January 2 Day After New Year’s Day bergs and growlers carried S by the Labrador Current. In the
(Montreal and Quebec City Gulf of St. Lawrence, ice formation commences in the first half
only) of December and clears in mid-April. The danger from ice in-
creases due to the prevalence of fog, especially in the vicinity
Good Friday Variable of the Grand Banks of Newfoundland and the Banks of Nova
Easter Sunday Variable Scotia.
The Canadian Coast Guard has a limited number of
Easter Monday Variable icebreakers available for the escort and support of shipping and
First Monday on or Victoria Day those are heavily committed. It is emphasized that icebreaker
preceding May 24 support cannot always be provided on short notice. In order to
Pub. 140
96 Canada

Canada East Coast—Freeze-up Dates
make the most efficient use of available resources it is sea spray. This combination rapidly produces an unstable con-
important that vessels keep Canadian Ice Operations Centers dition in smaller vessels, and the danger should be minimized
informed about their positions and projected movements. by adjusting course and speed to reduce the amount of spray
being accumulated and by chopping the ice as it forms on the
Canadian Ice Service superstructure, seeking shelter or, if circumstances permit,
steering towards warmer water.
http://www.ice-glaces.ec.gc.ca Observations indicate that icing is most frequently
encountered W of the 40°W in the vicinity of Newfoundland
General requirements include the capability of communicat- and up to 250 miles from the Nova Scotia coastline between
ing on the following frequencies: 2237 kHz, 2134 kHz, 2738 the months of January and March.
kHz, 2182 kHz, 156.8 MHz, and 156.3 MHz. Vessels crossing the North Atlantic Ocean shall avoid, as far
Experience has shown that non-ice-strengthened ships with as practicable, crossing the Grand Banks of Newfoundland N
an open water speed of about 12 knots often become hopeless- of 43°N and pass outside regions known or believed to be en-
ly beset in relatively light ice conditions, whereas an adequate- dangered by ice.
ly powered ice-strengthened ship should be able to make The above precautions are also advisable in the vicinity of
progress through six- or seven-tenths first year ice. the Nova Scotia banks.
These latter ships are often able to proceed independently
without any assistance other than routing advice. The route Icebergs—General
recommended by the appropriate Ice Operations Officer is Icebergs are a common feature of Arctic waters, along the
based on the latest available information and masters are ad- Labrador coast, and on the Grand Banks of Newfoundland.
vised to adjust their course accordingly. Icebergs differ from sea ice in that they are formed from fresh-
For further information, also see the sections on ice naviga- water ice originally on land. They form when pieces of glacier
tion in Bowditch (Pub. 9), and the ice communications sections ice break off or calve into the sea.
in Pub. 117, Radio Navigational Aids and Pub. 102, Interna- A second type of floating glacial ice is created when frag-
tional Code of Signals. ments calve from ice shelves along the northern coast of
Superstructure icing may be encountered in the Gulf of St. Greenland and the Arctic Archipelago, particularly Ellesmere
Lawrence and in the proximity of the Newfoundland and Nova Island. The floating pieces of ice are known as ice islands.
Scotia coasts during winter months. They are mainly found in the Arctic Ocean, the Beaufort Sea,
Ice has been reported to form a thickness of about 10cm in 4 and the channels of the Canadian Archipelago and the eastern
to 12 hours, when freezing air temperatures are combined with Arctic. Ice islands have a total thickness of 30 to 50m and may
Pub. 140
Canada 97

Canada East Coast—Break-up Dates
have an area in excess of 150 square miles. winter pack ice their drift rate is slowed. As the sea ice cover
Arctic icebergs are normally an opaque flat white in color, along the Labrador and Baffin coasts deteriorates, icebergs
with soft hues of blue or green. move more freely. Within a given year, most icebergs cross
Almost all icebergs found along the E coast of Canada origi- 48°N between March and June. On average, almost two-thirds
nate from the glaciers of West Greenland. Most of the active of the icebergs have been observed in April.
glaciers along the west Greenland coast are located between
Smith Sound and Disko Bay. Melville Bay, from Cape York to International Ice Patrol
Upernavik, is a major source of icebergs; it is estimated that 19 The sinking of the Titanic in 1912 prompted the maritime
active glaciers produce 10,000 icebergs annually. A second ar- nations with ships transiting the Grand Banks area off New-
ea of importance is Northeast Bay, including Karrats Fjord and foundland, Canada, to establish an iceberg patrol in the area.
Umanak Fjord, where about 5,000 to 8,000 icebergs are calved Since 1913, the International Ice Patrol (IIP) has been respon-
from 10 major glaciers each year. Disko Bay also produces a sible for monitoring the extent of iceberg danger. The Ice Pa-
small number of icebergs from two glaciers. trol is funded by the 20 member nations signatory to the Safety
A few Canadian glaciers on Baffin Island, Bylot Island, Dev- of Life at Sea (SOLAS) Convention who reimburse the United
on Island, Coburg Island, and southern Ellesmere Island calve States for this service. It has proven to be an outstanding exam-
icebergs, but only in small numbers. The annual production of ple of effective international cooperation for the preservation
icebergs from Canadian glaciers is estimated to be about 150. of life and property at sea.
Total annual production of icebergs in Baffin Bay is estimated In February or March of each year, depending on the iceberg
to be 25,000 to 30,000, although some estimates are as high as conditions, the International Ice Patrol begins its annual service
40,000. More than 90 per cent of the icebergs come from west of guarding the SE, S, and SW limits of the regions of icebergs
Greenland glaciers. in the vicinity of the Grand Banks of Newfoundland for the
purpose of informing ships of the extent of this dangerous re-
Icebergs S of 48°N gion. Reports of ice in this area are collected from passing
In an average year, about 300 icebergs drift S of 48°N, but ships and from Ice Patrol aircraft. Ice information is broadcast
there is considerable year-to-year variation in this number. in Ice Patrol Bulletins. See Pub. 117, Radio Navigational Aids
Based on International Ice Patrol observations, the total num- and U.S. Notice to Mariners No. 1 of each year.
ber of icebergs crossing 48°N has varied from a high of about It should always be borne in mind that all original reported
2,200 icebergs in 1984 to a low of no icebergs in 1966 and positions of pack ice or bergs may be subject to large
2006. The graphic titled Annual Counts of Icebergs Crossing observational errors and that they become less reliable as time
48°N Latitude (1950-2010) shows the annual variability be- goes on, owing to the impossibility of forecasting the drift.
tween 1951 and 2010. Icebergs drift all year, although when in In the case of the bergs, the surface current, subsurface cur-
Pub. 140
98 Canada

Canada—Iceberg Tracks
Pub. 140
Canada 99

Annual Counts of Icebergs Crossing 48°N Latitude (1950-2010)
rent, wind, and the wash of the sea all have their effect on its day by 1200 UTC and when changing ice conditions require a
drift, the current having the most effect, so that a berg is often revision. Further information can be obtained at either of the
seen drifting to windward. following web sites:
The IIP provides a service which monitors the extent of the
iceberg danger in the vicinity of the Grand Banks of New- International Ice Patrol: http://www.uscg-iip.org
foundland. Information on Limit of All Known Ice (LAKI) is
broadcast to all shipping. The IIP uses reports from various Canadian Ice Service: http://ice-glaces.ec.gc.ca
sources. They include icebergs detected by IIP, Canadian re-
connaissance flights, and reports of sighting made by the pass- Seasonal Outlooks
ing vessels. Seasonal Outlooks for Ice Conditions in the Great Lakes,
Gulf of St. Lawrence and Newfoundland Waters are issued in
International Ice Patrol Home Page early December and use ice reconnaissance, analysis, and fore-
casting to provide an overview of expected winter ice condi-
http://www.uscg.mil/lantarea/iip/home.html tions in southern areas. Seasonal outlooks are updated twice
monthly during the ice-navigation season, providing 30-day ice
The iceberg limits vary considerably through the ice season forecasts. This information is available on line at http://
and between seasons. The number of icebergs crossing 48°N www.ec.gc.ca/glaces-ice.
have been tracked. This count has an advantage, by providing a
single value for the season severity, but also the disadvantage Ice Navigation, Routing, and Requests for Icebreaker As-
that it runs loose (trackline deviation) from the predicted ice- sistance
berg population that require mariners to keep clear of the dan- Commencing December 1 of each year and until ice is no
ger zone. The size of the LAKI also dictates aircraft longer likely to hinder shipping, the Canadian Coast Guard op-
requirements for IIP reconnaissance. erates Ice Operations Centers in Halifax, St. John’s, and Que-
bec. During this period, vessels inbound to Newfoundland, the
North American Ice Service (NAIS) Gulf of St. Lawrence, or the St. Lawrence River should report
The NAIS, a partnership that includes the International Ice to ECAREG Canada through any MCTS Center 24 hours prior
Patrol and the Canadian Ice Service, distributes a joint iceberg to their expected entry into the ice, stating the following:
analysis chart to define the extent of the iceberg danger for the 1. Position.
waters in the vicinity of the Grand Banks of Newfoundland and 2. Destination.
along the E coast of Labrador. This chart will be updated each 3. Whether loaded or in ballast.
Pub. 140
100 Canada
4. Ice class, if any. cifically allowed for in the Ice Regime System and must be
5. Classification society. considered on an individual basis while planning routes and
This procedure will facilitate the passing of ice information defining local ice regimes. Under some circumstances an es-
and a suggested shipping track, as necessary. cort can be effective in easing the ice conditions along the
Ships outbound from ice-covered Canadian ports should re- route; however, if the escort’s broken track is too narrow, or if
port to the nearest Ice Operations Center via ECAREG Canada the ice is under pressure, the effectiveness of an escort can be
or through any MCTS Center 2 hours prior to sailing, if possi- severely limited.
ble, for ice information, recommended ice routing, and ice- The icebreaker will decide whether it is safe to break a track,
breaker escort, if necessary. but the master of the escorted ship must continue to evaluate
All radio communications mentioned addressed to ECAREG the conditions in order to decide whether it is safe to follow
CANADA and passed through an MCTS Center will be han- and at what speed. Communications and operating procedures
dled free of charge to the ship. must be established before any escort operation starts and
During the winter navigation season, MCTS Centers broad- maintained throughout. The following are factors to consider
cast ice advisories and forecasts on a regular schedule. regarding the escort:
Icebreaker Assistance.—Vessels requesting icebreaker as- 1. The width of the broken track in comparison with the
sistance should provide the following details in addition to following ship’s beam.
those already provided in their ECAREG report: 2. The size, thickness, and strength of the ice pieces left
1. Draft fore and aft. in the track.
2. Displacement tonnage. 3. The likelihood of pressure conditions which may cause
3. Open water speed. the track to close rapidly.
4. Ice class and classification society. The track of an escort and surrounding conditions should be
5. Number of propellers. treated as a separate Ice Regime. Extreme caution must be ex-
6. Shaft horsepower. ercised when working in an icebreaker’s track due to the con-
7. Type of propulsion system. fined aspect of the track.
Contact information for the above systems can be seen in the Early Season Voyage.—An early season voyage can be de-
table titled Contact Information for Canadian Ice Control scribed as a voyage where the vessel intends to enter the Arctic
Zones. prior to the main onset of melt and expects to enter a zone out-
Ice operations support to vessels in the Northern Canada side of the Zone/Date System described in Ice Navigation in
Vessel Traffic Services (NORDREG) Zone, which includes Canadian Waters Entry could be possible under the Ice Regime
Hudson Strait and Hudson Bay, is provided by the Canadian System if there is an indication of positive Ice Numerals. In
Coast Guard. Icebreaker assistance, as well as ice information this case it will be necessary for the vessel to have on board an
and ice routing, should be requested through NORDREG. Fur- Ice Navigator and send an Ice Regime Routing Message to
ther information on NORDREG can be obtained in Appendix NORDREG. Following the voyage an After Action Report
I—ECAREG/NORDREG Reporting Requirements. must be submitted even though only positive Ice Numerals
In Canadian waters, the Canadian Coast Guard publication may have been encountered.
Ice Navigation in Canadian Waters should be consulted. Late Season Voyage.—Late season voyages deserve special
attention because of the certainty that ice conditions will wors-
Ice Navigation in Canadian Waters en during the voyage and the possibility that they will deterio-
rate rapidly. Severe late season storms can cause pressure
http://www.ccg-gcc.gc.ca/Ice_home/Ice_Publications/Ice- events and move large quantities of multi-year ice from high
Navigation-in-Canadian-Waters latitudes into the shipping channels.
With these voyages, a vessel may wish to enter a zone out-
Winter Navigation on the River and Gulf of St. Lawrence side the Zone/Date System in Ice Navigation in Canadian Wa-
(TP 14355) ters; entry is permitted provided there is an Ice Navigator on
This publication is a complement to Ice Navigation in Cana- board and an Ice Regime Routing Message is sent to NOR-
dian Waters and is intended for use by ship owners, operators, DREG that illustrates positive ice regimes. On late season voy-
charterers, agents, and ship’s officers who seek practical infor- ages this communication with NORDREG is very important
mation on hazards which may be encountered when transiting considering that the availability of icebreaker support may be
ice-covered waters in eastern Canada and in the St. Lawrence crucial if ice conditions deteriorate rapidly.
River.
Icebreaker Signals
Winter Navigation on the River and Gulf of St. For informations on operational signals used to supplement
Lawrence (TP 14355) radiotelephone communication between icebreakers and assist-
ed vessels and other signals which may be used during ice-
http://www.tc.gc.ca/eng/maritimesafety/tp-tp8941- breaking operations, see Appendix IV—Icebreaking Signals.
menu-395.htm
Guidelines for the Control of Oil Tankers and Bulk
Escorted Operations Chemical Carriers in Ice Control Zones of Eastern Canada
When ice conditions prevent or significantly impede a ship's (Transport Canada TP 15163B)
operations, it may be desirable or necessary to work together Special risks of ice damage may exist in certain waters off
with another vessel or be escorted. Escorted operations are spe- the E coast of Canada during winter and spring months. These
Pub. 140
Canada 101

Canada—Ice Control Zones
risks may affect vessel safety and contribute to maritime pollu- These guidelines are normally in effect from November 6
tion. until July 31 of the following year. However, this period may
These guidelines apply to all laden oil tankers and to tankers be extended or shortened, depending on the prevailing ice con-
carrying liquid chemicals in bulk when proceeding through an ditions as declared by the Canadian Coast Guard. During this
active Ice Control Zone in eastern Canadian waters S of period, the Canadian Coast Guard may declare any Ice Control
latitude 60°00'N. Zone to be an active Ice Control Zone. This information will be
Pub. 140
102 Canada
promulgated though Notices to Shipping and Notices to Mari- 6. Ice Control Zone V1.—All waters within Ice Control
ners. Vessels can also contact any Canadian Coast Guard Ice Zone V encompassed within Northumberland Strait S of the
Operations Center or the nearest Marine Communications and following boundaries:
Traffic Services (MCTS) Center for updated information. a. East approach—A line joining East Point
Eastern Canadian waters S of latitude 60°00'N are divided (46°27.0'N, 61°58.0'W) and Magaree Harbour (46°27.0'N,
into Ice Control Zones, as follows: 61°07.0'W).
1. Ice Control Zone Z.—All waters in the Bay of Fundy b. West approach—A line joining Point Escoumins
bounded by a line joining Machias Seal Island (44°30.0'N., (47°04.0'N, 64°48.0'W) and North Cape (47°04.0'N,
67°06.0'W.) to Cape St. Marys (44°05.0'N., 66°13.0'W.), in- 64°00.0'W).
cluding the Canadian waters of Passamaquoddy Bay. 7. Ice Control Zone W.—The SW boundary of the zone
2. Ice Control Zone Y.—All waters bounded by lines consists of a line joining Western Head, Bonne Bay
joining the following positions: (49°32.0'N, 58°00.0'W) and Cape Whittle (50°10.0'N,
a. Cape St. Marys (44°05.0'N, 66°13.0'W.) 60°04.0'W).
b. Machias Seal Island (44°30.0'N, 67°06.0'W.), then The NE boundary of the zone consists of a line joining
following the limits of the Canadian Exclusive Economic Flowers Cove (51°18.0'N., 56°44.0'W.) and the Quebec/Lab-
Zone to: rador border (51°25.0'N., 57°07.0'W.).
c. 43°25.0'N, 55°05.0'W. 8. Ice Control Zone U.—All waters bounded by lines
d. 45°00.0'N, 56°25.0'W. joining the following positions:
e. 45°00'.0N, 62°00.0'W. a. 47°36.0'N, 58°41.5'W, then SE following the limits
3. Ice Control Zone X.—The SE boundary of the zone of the Canadian Exclusive Economic Zone to
consists of lines joining the following positions: b. Latitude 52°02'56.0'''N, then due W to the coast of
a. 45°00.0'N, 62°00.0'W. Labrador.
b. 45°00.0'N, 56°25.0'W. An additional boundary consists of a line joining Flowers
c. 47°36.0'N, 58°41.5'W. Cove (51°18.0'N., 56°44.0'W.) and the Quebec/Labrador
The NW boundary of the zone consists of a line joining border (51°25.0'N., 57°07.0'W.).
Cape North (47°03.0'N., 60°25.0'W.) and Cape Ray 9. Ice Control Zone T.—All waters bounded, as follows:
(47°37.0'N., 59°18.0'W.). a. South boundary—latitude 52°02'56.0''N.
4. Ice Control Zone X1.—All waters within Ice Control b. East boundary—the limits of the Canadian Exclu-
Zone X south of latitude 45°30.0'N encompassing Cheda- sive Economic Zone.
bucto Bay and Canso Strait. c. North boundary—latitude 60°00.0'N.
5. Ice Control Zone V.—All waters of the Gulf of St. Any vessel to which these guidelines apply should adhere to
Lawrence contained within the following boundaries: the following recommendations:
a. Southeast boundary—A line joining Cape North 1. Have a copy of these guidelines (TP 15163) on board.
(47°03.0'N., 60°25.0'W.) and Cape Ray (47°37.0'N., The owner, charterer, or agent of the vessel should ensure the
59°18.0'W.). master is informed of these guidelines.
b. Northeast boundary—A line joining Western Head, 2. When proceeding through an active Ice Control Zone,
Bonne Bay (49°32.0'N, 58°00.0'W) and Cape Whittle the ship shall have on board at least one “Ice Advisor” who
(50°10.0'N, 60°04.0'W). meets the requirements described in paragraph 10 of TP
c. West boundary—longitude 66°00.0'W. 15163.
General Information—Ice Conditions and Icebreaker Assistance

Chaleur Bay, New
Brunswick, Prince Edward
St. Lawrence River W of
Gulf of St. Lawrence Island, Nova Scotia,
66°00'W
Newfoundland, and
Labrador
Address Fisheries and Oceans ECAREG CANADA Fisheries and Oceans
Canadian Coast Guard 10 Hudson Way Canadian Coast Guard
Central and Arctic Region Dartmouth, NS Central and Arctic Region
Regional Ice Operations Center B2Y 3Z8 Regional Ice Operations Center
ICE QUEBEC ICE MONTREAL
101 Boulevard Champlain 105 McGill Street
Quebec, QC Montreal, QC
G1K 7Y7 H2Y 2E7
Pub. 140
Canada 103
General Information—Ice Conditions and Icebreaker Assistance

Chaleur Bay, New
Brunswick, Prince Edward
St. Lawrence River W of
Gulf of St. Lawrence Island, Nova Scotia,
66°00'W
Newfoundland, and
Labrador
418-648-7290 514-283-1746
Telephone 902-426-4956
418-648-2214 855-209-1876
Facsimile 418-648-3614 902-426-4483 514-283-1798
E-mail [email protected] [email protected] [email protected]
Telex — 019-22510 —
Ice e-mail — [email protected] —
709-772-2078
Ice telephone — —
1-800-565-1633
ESCOUMINS TRAFFIC
Radiogram — — QUEBEC TRAFFIC
MONTREAL TRAFFIC
Contact Information for Canadian Ice Control Zones

St. Lawrence, Great Lakes, and
Atlantic
Arctic
709-772-2078 1-855-201-0086
Telephone
1-800-565-1633 1-844-672-8037
709-772-5369
Facsimile 514-283-1752
1-8000-426-4483
E-mail [email protected] [email protected]
Canadian Coast Guard Ice Operations Canadian Coast Guard Ice Operations
Center Center
Mailing address PO Box 5667 5th Floor, 105 McGill
St. John’s, Newfoundland Montreal, Quebec
A1C 5X1 H2Y 2E7
December to May (St. Lawrence and
Normal operating time frame December to May Great Lakes)
June to November (Arctic)
While navigating in an active Ice Control Zone, ships should 1. Proceed at a moderate speed, taking into account visi-
report the following information daily at 1200 UTC, 1600 bility, prevailing ice conditions, and the possibility of colli-
UTC, and 2000 UTC, or at any other time as requested: sions with random ice in open water.
1. Position. 2. Have two searchlights mounted for night navigation.
2. Ice conditions. 3. Obtain current ice information and a recommended
3. Course. route to follow in the event the intended route crosses an ac-
4. Speed. tive Ice Control Zone.
Ships that become beset in the ice and ships that request When a vessel incurs damage or suffers a casualty, the inci-
icebreaker assistance should report their status and position dent or accident should be reported to ECAREG Canada or the
every 4 hours until passage is resumed or icebreaker assistance local MCTS Center as soon as possible.
arrives. Failure to transmit status reports will automatically Vessels in or approaching eastern Canadian waters must
cancel a request for icebreaker assistance. comply with Eastern Canada Vessel Traffic Services Regula-
Ships navigating in an active Ice Control Zone should take tions (ECAREG) and Vessel Traffic Services Zones Regula-
the following precautions: tions as described in Appendix I—ECAREG/NORDREG
Pub. 140
104 Canada
Reporting Requirements. * Claims straight baselines. All waters between Canadian
islands in the Arctic are claimed as internal waters. Hud-
Batture Floes son Bay is claimed as historic waters.
Batture floes are large, thick, uneven, and discolored floes
often up to 8km or more across. They form on the upstream Maritime Boundary Disputes
side of shoals and islets and along the tidal flats in the St. Law- Managed maritime boundary disputes with the United States
rence River and St. Lawrence Estuary when cold weather pre-
at the following locations:
cedes or accompanies the neap tides. They are composed of ice 1. Dixon Entrance (British Columbia/State of Alaska).
of different thicknesses formed under pressure during the ebb 2. Strait of Juan de Fuca (Vancouver Island/State of
tide, with the whole mass freezing together and gradually in-
Washington).
creasing in size with each successive tide. As the tidal range in- 3. Beaufort Sea (Yukon Territory/State of Alaska).
creases between the neaps and springs, large sections of
4. Machias Seal Island (44°30'N., 67°06'W.) and North
grounded ice break away and drift downriver and into the NW Rock (New Brunswick/State of Maine).
part of the Gulf of St. Lawrence. Uncontested dispute with Denmark over the sovereignty of
Hans Island (80°49'N., 66°30'W.), located in Kennedy Channel
between Ellesmere Island and Greenland.
Industries It has been reported (2008) that Canada, Denmark, Green-
land, Norway, Russia, and the United States have agreed to let
The main industries are transportation equipment, chemicals, the United Nations rule on their overlapping territorial claims
processed and unprocessed minerals, food products, wood and in the coastal waters of the Arctic Ocean. Coastal states may
paper products, fish products, and petroleum and natural gas.
claim the sea bed beyond the normal 200-mile limit if the sea
The main exports are motor vehicles and parts, industrial bed is part of a continental shelf of shallower waters.
machinery, aircraft, telecommunications equipment, chemi- Canada, the United States, and other countries dispute the
cals, plastics, fertilizers, wood pulp, timber, crude oil, natural
status of the Northwest Passage.
gas, aluminum, and electricity. The main export-trading partner
is the United States.
The main imports are machinery and equipment, motor vehi- Offshore Drilling
cles and parts, crude oil, chemicals, electricity, and durable
consumer goods. The main import-trading partners are the Oil Drilling
United States, China, and Mexico. Extensive oil and gas exploration and exploitation is under-
way off the E coast of Canada. Mariners are cautioned that
Languages fixed and floating drilling platforms, a floating production stor-
age and offloading unit, supply vessels, and shuttle tankers
English and French are both official languages. may be encountered underway or at anchor.
The major projects in this area are, as follows:
Meteorology 1. Hibernia Gravity Based Structure (46°45'01.8''N.,
48°46'58.8''W.) is located about 170 miles E of Cape Race.
Marine weather forecasts are available in English and French The facility is surrounded by a Precautionary Area.
from Environment Canada (http://weather.gc.ca/marine/index- 2. Terra Nova Floating Production Storage and Off-
_e.html). loading Vessel (FPSO) (46°28'31.8''N., 48°28'51.6''W.) is
located about 20 miles SE of the Hibernia Gravity Based
Structure. This facility is surrounded by a Precautionary Ar-
Navigational Information ea with a radius of 10 miles.
3. Sea Rose Development (46°47'31.2''N., 48°01'
Enroute Volumes
24.0''E.) is located E of the Hibernia Gravity Based Struc-
Pub. 145, Sailing Directions (Enroute) Nova Scotia and the
ture, and is surrounded by a Precautionary Area.
Saint Lawrence River.
Vessels intending to enter any of the Precautionary Areas are
Pub. 146, Sailing Directions (Enroute) Newfoundland, Lab-
advised to contact the Terra Nova and Sea Rose facilities on
rador, and Hudson Bay.
VHF channel 16 and comply with any instructions given.
Pub. 154, Sailing Directions (Enroute) British Columbia.
Further information on the developments can be found in
Sector 2 of Pub. 146, Sailing Directions (Enroute) Newfound-
Maritime Claims
land, Labrador, and Hudson Bay.
The maritime territorial claims of Canada are, as follows:
Notices to Mariners and Notices to Shipping broadcast by
Territorial Sea * 12 miles. radio are issued whenever possible to give information on the
establishment, or changes in position, of these platforms. Infor-
Contiguous Zone 24 miles. mation regarding the latest positions of installations and ves-
Fisheries or Economic 200 miles. sels in the area may be obtained on request from ECAREG
Zone Canada.
It should be noted that information on the establishment, or
Continental Shelf 200 miles or the Continen- change of position, may be received well after a platform is lo-
tal Margin. cated in a new position, with the result that mariners may ex-
Pub. 140
Canada 105
pect to encounter them without necessarily receiving prior If direct communication is not possible, pilotage requests
information. can be made through any Canadian Coast Guard radio station
or a Vessel Traffic Services Center, with a clear request to
Pilotage “Please forward to Atlantic Pilotage Authority Dispatch, Hali-
fax.” The name of the port where the pilot is required should be
General.—Radio messages from ships requiring pilotage clearly identified.
shall include the following information: When requesting a pilot, vessels must provide the following
1. The time in UTC that the pilot is required on board. information:
2. The place the vessel is to boarded. 1. Port.
3. The pilot service to be performed. 2. Vessel name.
4. Whether or not the vessel is granted radio pratique. 3. Call sign.
Compulsory pilotage areas are located, as follows: 4. Date of assignment (order date).
1. Labrador—Voisey’s Bay. 5. Type of order (i.e. trip, move, etc.).
2. New Brunswick—Miramichi, Restigouche, and St. 6. Draft.
John. 7. Length/breadth/molded draft.
3. Newfoundland—Bay of Exploits (Botwood and Lew- 8. Gross registered tons.
isport), Holyrood, Humber Arm, Placentia Bay, St. John’s, 9. Air draft (if applicable).
and Stephenville. 10. Certificate number (if applicable).
4. Nova Scotia—Cape Breton (Sydney Harbor, Bras d’Or 11. Agent’s name.
Lakes, Chedabucto Bay, and St. Peter’s), Strait of Canso, 12. Requester’s name.
Halifax, and Pugwash. 13. Any special instructions.
5. Prince Edward Island—Charlottetown and the Confed- For a change to an existing pilotage request, the following
eration Bridge. information should be given:
6. Quebec—St. Lawrence River. 1. Port.
Pilotage in compulsory pilotage areas is required for the fol- 2. Call sign.
lowing vessels: 3. Date of original assignment.
1. Canadian-registered vessels greater than 1,500 gross 4. Agent’s name.
tons. 5. Requester’s name.
2. All vessels not registered in Canada, including floating 6. Information to be changed.
cranes. Laurentian Pilotage Authority.—For all Canadian waters
3. Any combination of tug and tow, if more than one unit in and around the province of Quebec, N of the seaward en-
is being towed, regardless of gross tonnage. trance to St. Lambert Lock, except the waters of Chaleur Bay,
4. Pleasure craft greater than 500 gross tons. S of Cap d’Espoir, the Laurentian Pilotage Authority, with
5. Ferries entering or leaving a port that is not one of their headquarters in Montreal, is responsible.
regularly-scheduled terminals. The master of every vessel inbound in the Gulf of St. Law-
6. Oil rigs. rence and destined for a port W of Les Escoumins must request
Vessels shall send their ETA at least 12 hours prior to arrival, a pilot through an MCTS Center (see Appendix III) or the Lau-
with any changes sent as soon as possible. The ETA message rentian Pilotage Authority, as follows:
should include the following information: 1. Facsimile: 514-283-3647
1. Port. 2. E-mail: [email protected]
2. Date of assignment (order date). A minimum notice of 24 hours before ETA at the pilot sta-
3. Vessel name. tion must be given and a second notice of ETA 12 hours before
4. Nationality. hand, with final notice 6 hours before ETA. If a ship is arriving
5. Call sign. from a point W of the Strait of Canso, the Strait of Belle Isle,
6. Draft. or Cabot Strait, the master must give first notice 12 hours be-
7. Gross tonnage. fore ETA and final notice 6 hours before ETA.
Atlantic Pilotage Authority.—The Atlantic Pilotage Au- Departing vessels and vessels moving within the harbor
thority, with its office in Halifax, is responsible for pilotage in should request a pilot 12 hours in advance, with a confirmation
Canadian waters in and around the provinces of Nova Scotia, sent 4 hours in advance.
Prince Edward Island, Newfoundland, and New Brunswick, in- When requesting a pilot for the vessel’s first visit in a calen-
cluding the waters of Chaleur Bay in the province of Quebec, S dar year in a compulsory pilotage area, the following informa-
of Cap d’Espoir (48°25'N, 64°19'W.). All pilot orders for arriv- tion must be provided:
al, departure, and moves are placed through the Atlantic Pilot- 1. Vessel name.
age Authority Dispatch Office (APA DISPATCH), which can 2. Flag.
be contacted, as follows: 3. Call sign.
1. Telephone: 1-877-272-3477 (toll free) 4. Agent’s name.
1-902-426-7610 (INMARSAT) 5. Length/breadth/molded draft.
2. Facsimile: 1-866-774-2477 (toll free) 6. Deepest draft.
1-902-425-1746 (INMARSAT) 7. Speed.
3. E-mail: [email protected] 8. Deadweight tons.
4. Web site: http://www.atlanticpilotage.com/agents 9. Net registered tons.
Pub. 140
106 Canada
10. The immediate and final destinations of the vessel by Title” section at the following web site:
within the compulsory pilotage area.
For any subsequent pilotage requests (arrivals, movements, Canada Department of Justice Home Page
or departures) in a calendar year, the following information http://laws.justice.gc.ca/en/index.html
must be provided:
1. Vessel name. All vessels operating in Canadian and adjacent waters are re-
2. Call sign.
quested to report oil slicks or pollution of any type to the near-
3. Deepest draft est Marine Communications and Traffic Services (MCTS)
4. Speed. Center (see Appendix III).
5. Any changes in the information provided in the first
Vessels can also report spills to the nearest Canadian Coast
pilotage request of the calendar year. Guard 24/7 regional spill reporting telephone line (toll free), as
6. Immediate destination.
follows:
7. Final destination. 1. Central and Arctic Region: 1-800-265-0237
Great Lakes Pilotage Authority.—The Great Lakes Pilot- 2. Maritime Region: 1-800-565-1633
age Authority, with its head office in Cornwall, Ontario, is re-
3. Newfoundland Region: 1-800-563-9089
sponsible for pilotage in Churchill, Manitoba, and in all 4. Quebec Region: 1-800-363-4735
Canadian waters S of the seaward entrance to St. Lambert Lock The report should include the following information:
in the province of Quebec, and in the province of Ontario.
1. Name of vessel.
2. Location of vessel.
Pollution 3. Time of incident or sighting.
4. Location of pollution.
The International Convention on Civil Liability for Oil Pol- 5. Extent of pollution and quantity of pollution, if known.
lution Damage 1992 (CLC) came into force on May 29, 1999 6. Name of source of pollution, including port of registry
for Canada. All vessels covered by this convention are now re-
for a vessel.
quired to carry a certificate showing that a contract of insur- 7. Any other relevant information.
ance or other security that satisfies the requirements of the
1992 CLC is in force with respect to the vessel. The area of ap-
North American Emission Control Area.
plication has now been extended to include voyages to offshore The North American Emission Control Area is in force and
terminals within the Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ). This applies to all Canadian waters S of 60°N, including the 200-
means that some vessels previously exempt under the 1969
mile Exclusive Economic Zone. All vessels must use fuel with
CLC may now be subject to the requirements for certification a sulphur content of no more than 0.10% when operating in
under the 1992 CLC. A 1992 CLC certificate is required for all this area.
ocean-going vessels carrying, in bulk as cargo, more than
2,000 tons of crude oil, fuel oil, heavy diesel oil, lubricating
oil, or any other persistent hydrocarbon mineral oil that enters Regulations
of leaves a port or offshore terminal within Canadian waters or
Marine Transport Security and 96-Hour Notification Prior
the Canadian EEZ.
to Entering Canadian Waters
As of April 1995, Canadian Shipping Act amendments re-
The Marine Transportation Security Regulations came into
quire that oil tankers of 150 gt, and all other vessels of 400 gt
force on July 1, 2004. These regulations address marine securi-
trading in Canadian waters S of 60°N, enter into an arrange-
ty levels, ship reporting responsibilities, and the responsibili-
ment with a certified response organization.
ties of the Canadian Government for the provision of
Such vessels must also carry a declaration attesting to the ex-
information to vessels pertaining to security.
istence of an arranged response also naming the ship’s insurer
The entire text of the Canadian Marine Transportation Secu-
and persons authorized to implement the vessel’s oil pollution
rity Regulations and the Marine Transportation Security Act
emergency plan and its clean up.
can be found on the Transport Canada web site.
Under the amendments, any person or ship found discharg-
ing pollutants in Canadian water faces fines of up to $250,000
(Canadian dollars) and or 6 months imprisonment. Individuals Transport Canada Home Page
found guilty of a marine pollution related offense face fines of http://www.tc.gc.ca
up to $1 million (Canadian dollars), and/or 3 years imprison-
ment. Application.—The Canadian Marine Transportation Securi-
The Regulations for the Prevention of Pollution from Dan- ty Regulations apply to vessels and marine facilities (ports) in
gerous Chemicals expressly forbids the discharge of oil, oily Canada and Canadian ships outside Canada engaged on voyag-
mixtures, noxious liquids, dry chemicals listed in Schedule 1 of es between a port in one country and a port in another country
the regulations, sewage or sewage sludge, organotin com- and that:
pounds, or garbage in Canadian waters. Smoke pollution 1. Are more than 100 tons gross tonnage, other than a
caused by ships is also covered by the regulations. Penalties for towing vessel.
contravention of the regulations include fines of up to $1 mil- 2. Carry more than 12 passengers
lion (Canadian dollars), and/or 3 years imprisonment. For fur- 3. Are towing vessels engaged in towing a barge astern or
ther information, including mandatory documents, record alongside or pushing ahead, if the barge is carrying certain
keeping, inspections, and exceptions, consult the “Regulations dangerous cargoes means [dangerous goods], other than
Pub. 140
Canada 107
products, substances, or organisms identified in Class 3, 4, 8 fore interfacing with the facility and no later than 12 hours af-
or 9 of the schedule to the Transportation of Dangerous ter being notified of the higher level, with all procedures
Goods Act, 1992, that are carried in bulk or in such a quanti- specified in the vessel security plan for compliance with that
ty as to require an emergency response assistance plan under higher MARSEC level.
section 7.1 of the Transportation of Dangerous Goods Regu- If the vessel is in a Canadian port, alongside or at an anchor-
lations. age, it shall ensure that the local Port Authority or the marine
The regulations do not apply to pleasure craft, fishing ves- facility security officer who issued the notice is advised if the
sels, vessels without a crew that are in drydock, dismantled or vessel cannot comply with the higher MARSEC level that has
laid up vessels, or government vessels. been implemented.
Maritime Security (MARSEC) Levels.—MARSEC levels If the vessel is a Canadian ship in the waters of a contracting
are based on the International Maritime Organization’s Interna- government, the vessel should communicate its MARSEC lev-
tional Ship and Port Facility Security (ISPS) Code security level information to the relevant maritime authority of that coun-
els and describe the levels of threat that necessitate that the try. If the vessel is a Canadian ship in the waters of a non-
master of a vessel, the operator of a marine facility, or a port contracting government, and the master has to use temporary
administration (as defined in the Canadian Regulations) take procedures or upgrade the vessel’s MARSEC level to maintain
steps to reduce the likelihood of a marine transportation securi- the safety of the vessel, the master shall communicate this in-
ty incident. formation to a Canadian MCTS Center (see Appendix III).
MARSEC Levels are defined in the Marine Transportation Pre-arrival Information Report (PAIR).—The PAIR sub-
Security Regulations, as follows: mission applies to vessels bound for Canadian waters, as fol-
1. MARSEC Level 1—The level for which minimum se- lows:
curity procedures are maintained at all times. 1. SOLAS vessels of 500 gross tons or more.
2. MARSEC Level 2—The level for which security pro- 2. SOLAS and non-SOLAS vessels carrying more than
cedures additional to those of MARSEC level 1 are main- 12 passengers.
tained for a limited period as a result of heightened risk of a 3. Non-SOLAS vessels over 100 gross tons (excluding
security threat or security incident. towing vessels).
3. MARSEC Level 3—The level for which security pro- 4. Non-SOLAS vessels that are a towing vessel engaged
cedures additional to those of MARSEC Level 1 and MAR- in towing a barge astern or alongside or pushing ahead, if the
SEC Level 2 are maintained for a limited period when a barge is carrying certain dangerous cargo.
security threat or security incident is probable or imminent, The PAIR submission does not apply to vessels operating
regardless of whether the specific target is identified. solely on the Great Lakes or to the portions of a vessel’s voy-
MARSEC Level 1 has been in effect since July 1, 2004. A age on the Great Lakes after pre-arrival information has been
vessel to which the regulations apply must operate under given prior to its entrance into the St. Lawrence Seaway.
MARSEC Level 1 at all times unless directed by the Minister The PAIR should be sent to one of the addresses below:
of Transport to increase to a higher MARSEC level. 1. Vessels planning to transit through Canadian territorial
The operator of a vessel shall, before the vessel enters a port waters or enter Canadian waters inbound to a Canadian port
or interfaces with a marine facility, ensure that all procedures on the W coast shall send a PAIR to Transport Canada Ma-
are taken that are specified in the vessel security plan for com- rine Security Operations Center via e-mail (mar-
pliance with the MARSEC level in effect for the port or marine [email protected]).
facility. 2. Vessels planning to transit through Canadian territorial
Vessel Responsibilities.—Any vessel that is operating at a waters or enter Canadian waters inbound to a Canadian port
higher MARSEC level than that in effect in the port or marine on the E coast, including a Canadian or American port in the
facility it is interfacing with, or is about to interface with, shall Great Lakes, shall send a PAIR to ECAREG Canada via the
report their MARSEC level to a Marine Communications and Halifax MCTS, using one of the following methods:
Traffic Services (MCTS) Center of the Canadian Coast Guard.
MARSEC Reports shall include the following information: Halifax MCTS Center
1. Identification of the vessel (vessel’s name and radio
call sign). Telex 21-019-22510 CCG MRHQ DRT
2. Time and position of the vessel. Facsimile 902-426-4483
3. Destination of the vessel.
4. MARSEC level at which the vessel is operating. E-mail [email protected]
If an MCTS Center advises that there is a change in the
MARSEC level affecting any port or other area within Canadi- 3. Vessels planning to transit through Canadian territorial
an waters and a vessel cannot comply with the written proce- waters or enter Canadian waters inbound to a Canadian port
dures as outlined in the vessel security plan, the vessel must within the Canadian Arctic Zone shall send a PAIR to NOR-
notify an MCTS Center (see Appendix III). DREG Canada via one of the following methods:
When at anchor or alongside a marine facility, if a vessel re-
ceives notice from a Port Administration or a marine facility Iqaluit MCTS Center
security officer that the MARSEC Level in the port or marine
facility in which the vessel is located or is about to enter or in- Telephone 867-979-5724
terface with is raised to a higher level, the master of a vessel Facsimile 867-979-4264
shall ensure that the vessel complies, without undue delay, be-
Pub. 140
108 Canada
Telex 21-063-15529 NORDREG CDA and systems, including the communication systems, and the
way in which the master of the vessel intends to rectify them.
E-mail [email protected] 16. Name of vessel’s agent and the 24-hour telephone
Note.—The Iqaluit MCTS Center is only opera- and facsimile numbers, if applicable.
tional from mid-May to late December. 17. Name of vessel’s charterer, if applicable.
18. Vessel’s position and time at which it reached that
Prescott MCTS Center position.
Telephone 613-925-4471 19. Vessel’s course and speed.
20. Vessel’s destination and ETA at its destination.
Facsimile 613-925-4519 21. Name of a contact person at the marine facility that it
E-mail [email protected] will visit and their 24-hour telephone and facsimile numbers.
22. The following information in respect to each of the
Note.—The Prescott MCTS Center is only opera-
last ten marine facilities visited:
tional from late December to mid-May.
a. Receiving facility (company dealt with).
b. Marine facility visited (pier berthed at).
All pre-arrival information must be submitted 96 hours in c. City and country.
advance, except as follows: d. Date and time of arrival.
1. If the duration of the segment of the voyage before en- e. Date and time of departure.
tering Canadian waters is less than 96 hours but more than 23. A general description of the cargo, including cargo
24 hours, the PAIR shall be submitted at least 24 hours be- amount.
fore entering Canadian waters. 24. The presence and description of any dangerous sub-
2. If the duration of the segment of the voyage before en- stances or devices on board, if applicable.
tering Canadian waters is less than 24 hours, the PAIR shall If the master has reported pre-arrival information more than
be submitted as soon as practicable before entering Canadian 24 hours prior to entering Canadian waters, the master shall en-
waters but no later than the time of departure from the last sure that the vessel does not enter Canadian waters unless the
port of call. master reports any changes in the information 24 hours prior to
All vessels are required to send their PAIR fully completed. entering Canadian waters to the appropriate MCTS Center (see
It is the responsibility of the master of the vessel to ensure that Appendix III).
all the information provided to Transport Canada is complete The vessel security officer shall ensure that all security
and correct. Masters of vessels required to submit a PAIR who threats and security incidents are reported and recorded in ac-
fail to submit or submit incomplete or inaccurate information cordance with the Marine Transportation Security Regulations.
subject their vessel to control actions such as, but not limited When underway or at anchor in an uncontrolled anchorage, re-
to, inspection, detention, redirection, or expulsion from Cana- ports shall be made to an MCTS Center (see Appendix III).
dian waters. Vessels can obtain a blank template of the 96-hour When alongside or at anchor in a controlled anchorage, reports
PAIR by sending an e-mail to [email protected]. shall be made to the Port Administration and appropriate law
The vessel’s PAIR shall include the following information: enforcement. When the vessel is in a Vessel Traffic Services
1. Vessel’s name. Zone, the vessel shall report to the MCTS Center (see Appen-
2. Country of registry. dix III).
3. Name of vessel’s registered owner. If the master of a vessel is required to institute temporary
4. Name of vessel’s operator. procedures in response to a security threat, the master shall en-
5. Name of vessel’s classification society. sure, as soon as possible, that a report is made, as follows:
6. Vessel’s international radio call sign. 1. If the vessel is in Canadian waters, to the nearest
7. Vessel’s International Ship Security Certificate, Ca- MCTS Center (see Appendix III).
nadian Vessel Security Certificate, or Ship Security Compli- 2. If the vessel is a Canadian ship in the waters of a con-
ance Document Number. tracting government, to the relevant maritime authority of
8. Vessel’s International Maritime Organization num- that government and an MCTS Center (ECAREG Canada on
ber, if it is a SOLAS ship. the East Coast or the Regional Marine Information Center
9. Date of issuance, date of expiry, and name of the is- (RMIC) on the Canadian West Coast).
suing body of its International Ship Security Certificate, Ca- 3. If the vessel is a Canadian ship in other waters, to an
nadian Vessel Security Certificate, or Ship Security MCTS Center (see Appendix III).
Compliance Document. It is recommended that a complete copy of the following
10. Confirmation that the vessel has an approved vessel documents, including any pages containing endorsement infor-
security plan. mation, be included with the vessel’s PAIR:
11. Vessel’s current MARSEC level. 1. International Ship Security Certificate (ISSC).
12. A statement of when its last ten declarations of secu- 2. Interim International Ship Security Certificate (IISSC).
rity were completed. 3. Canadian Vessel Security Certificate (CVSC).
13. Details of any security threats to the vessel during the 4. Interim Canadian Vessel Security Certificate (ICVSC).
last ten calls at marine facilities. 5. Ship Security Compliance Document.
14. A statement as to whether the vessel consents to 6. Any papers containing endorsement information.
tracking by the Canadian Government. MCTS Center Responsibilities.—When the MARSEC lev-
15. Details of any deficiencies in its security equipment el increases from the normal MARSEC Level 1, the MCTS
Pub. 140
Canada 109
Centers will issue a broadcast informing vessels of the increase hours’ duration which will take them outside VHF and MF ra-
to either MARSEC Level 2 or MARSEC Level 3. Once the dio coverage areas are encouraged to participate in the Auto-
MARSEC level decreases, the MCTS Centers will issue a mated Mutual-assistance Vessel Rescue System (AMVER).
broadcast informing vessels of the downgrade in MARSEC Participation is compulsory for all Canadian vessels and all
levels. non-Canadian vessels engaged in coastal trading in Canada. Of
In VTS zones, the MCTS Centers often play a role in regu- this group, the following vessels are exempted:
lating vessels at anchor on behalf of port authorities. Therefore 1. Fishing vessels engaged in fishing.
MCTS Centers will be involved in informing ships or port au- 2. Ships operated by the Canadian government on law en-
thorities about the MARSEC levels at port facilities or of the forcement duties.
vessel. 3. Vessels whose voyages will be within the waters of an
Ship Security Alert System.—If the security of a vessel is Arctic Shipping Safety Control Zone, Hudson Bay, James
under threat or in any way compromised, the master or other Bay, or Ungava Bay.
competent authority onboard may activate the Ship Security 4. Vessels in other waters provided their voyages are
Alert System, a system that transmits an automated message within VHF or MF radio coverage areas.
from vessel to shore. This message identifies the vessel and Messages should be addressed to “AMVER Vancouver” or
provides position information. When a security alert is re- “AMVER Halifax.” They may be sent through any Canadian
ceived by a Canadian Maritime Rescue Coordination Center, Marine Communications and Traffic Services (MCTS) Center
the appropriate shore authorities will be notified. (see Appendix III) which accepts AMVER messages or
through a Canadian Coast Guard vessel.
Reporting of Marine Occurrences
The Transportation Safety Board (TSB) requires that the Practices and Procedures for Public Ports
person responsible for the ship (e.g. owner, operator, charterer, Transport Canada, pursuant to Section 76 of the Canada Ma-
master, pilot, crew member), in Canadian waters, or a rine Act, has instituted practices and procedures to be followed
Canadian ship in any waters, report a marine occurrence by all ships entering, berthing, departing, maneuvering, or an-
(accident or incident) as soon as possible and by the quickest choring in the waters of all public ports. These practices and
means available. procedures, which have been developed for the purposes of
Information is to be reported to the TSB; this can also be ac- promoting safe and efficient navigation and environmental pro-
complished by reporting via a marine radio station, a Marine tection within the limits of public ports, can be accessed at the
Communications and Traffic Services Center, a VTS station, a web site below:
marine radio station operated by the St. Lawrence Seaway
Management Corporation, a Canadian harbor radio station, or Practices and Procedures for Public Ports
to a TSB stand-by investigator, as follows: http://www.tc.gc.ca/eng/programs/ports/practproc-
1. Direct or collect telephone: 819-994-3741 195.htm
2. Toll free telephone (Canada): 1-800-387-3557
The occurrence shall also be reported, in writing, within 30
Transport Canada Marine Acts and Regulations
days following the occurrence, by completing form TSB 1808
Further information on Marine Acts and Regulations issued
(Report of a Marine Occurrence/Hazardous Occurrence Re-
by Transport Canada can be found at the web site below.
port). The form can be obtained through any TSB office or can
be downloaded from the TSB web site (http://www.tsb.gc.ca/
eng/incidents-occurence/marine/1808E-20140926.pdf). Transport Canada Marine Acts and Regulations
The completed form should be forwarded to the TSB, as fol- http://www.tc.gc.ca/eng/acts-regulations/acts-
lows: marine.htm
Transportation Safety Board of Canada
200 Promenade du Portage Chart and Publications Regulations
4th Floor, Place du Centre Extracts from the Canadian regulations are quoted below:
Gatineau, Quebec, Canada 1. These regulations may be cited as the Chart and Nauti-
K1A 1K8 cal Publications Regulations, 1995.
Telephone: 819-994-3741 . 6.1 Subject to subsection 6.3, the person-in-charge of
1-800-387-3557 (toll free in Canada) the navigation of a ship in waters under Canadian jurisdic-
Facsimile: 819-997-2239 tion shall use, in respect of each area to be navigated by
E-mail: [email protected] the ship, the most recent edition of:
(a) the reference catalog i.e., Catalogue of Nautical
Listening Watch Charts and Related Publications.
All vessels in Canadian waters should maintain a continuous (b) the annual edition of the Notices to Mariners, pub-
listening watch on VHF channel 16, unless in the area of a lished by the Department of Fisheries and Oceans.
VTS system, when the watch should be maintained on the ap- (c) the following publications, namely:
propriate designated frequency. The watch should commence (i) sailing directions, published by the Canadian
15 minutes prior to departing the berth. Hydrographic Service.
(ii) tide and current tables, published by the Canadi-
AMVER Reporting an Hydrographic Service.
Vessels proceeding on an offshore voyage of more than 24 (iii) lists of lights, buoys, and fog signals, published
Pub. 140
110 Canada
by the Department of Fisheries and Oceans. [email protected]
(iv) where the ship is required to be fitted with radio
equipment pursuant to any Act of Parliament or of a Web site: http://www.greatlakes-seaway.com
foreign jurisdiction, the Radio Aids to Marine Navi-
gation, published by the Department of Fisheries and Seaway Notices are issued as conditions require and are
Oceans available upon request to the Canadian Seaway Authority or
(d) the documents and publications listed in the Sched- the U.S. Seaway Development Corporation, which is head-
ule of Documents and Publications. quartered in Washington, D.C.
6.3 The documents and publications referred to in para- The St. Lawrence Seaway Management Corporation has in-
graphs 6.1(c) and (d) may be substituted for similar documents stituted the mandatory use of Automatic Identification System
and publications issued by the government of another country, (AIS) on board most commercial vessels operating in the wa-
if the information contained in them that is necessary for the ters of the St. Lawrence Seaway. For more information, see
safe navigation of a ship in the area in which a ship is to be Seaway Notice No. 1 of 2003 or contact the St. Lawrence Sea-
navigated is as complete, accurate, intelligible, and current as way Management Corporation by telephone, facsimile, or in-
the information contained in the documents and publications ternet, as listed above.
referred to in those provisions.
7. The master of a ship shall ensure that the charts, docu- Conservation of Marine Animals
ments, and publications required by these regulations are, be- The Federal Department of Fisheries and Oceans ensures the
fore being used for navigation, correct and up-to-date, based on protection and conservation of marine mammals in Canadian
information that is contained in the Notices to Mariners, Notic- waters. Harassing whales changes or interferes with their be-
es to Shipping, or Radio Navigational Warnings. havior, forces them away from their habitat at critical times in
their annual reproduction and feeding cycles, and may cause
Schedule of Documents and Publications them injury.
1. Ice Navigation in Canadian Waters, published by the De- The Fisheries Act prohibits any form of harassment of ceta-
partment of Transport, where the ship is making a voyage ceans, including repeated attempts to pursue, disperse, or herd
during which ice may be encountered. whales and any repeated intentional act of negligence resulting
2. Table of Life-Saving Signals, published by the Interna- in disruption of their normal behavior. Individuals who contra-
tional Maritime Organization and reprinted by the Department vene the Marine Mammal Regulations are guilty of an offense
of Transport, where the ship is making a foreign voyage, a and liable to a fine not exceeding $500,000 and twenty four
home-trade voyage, Class I, II, or III, or an inland voyage, (24) months imprisonment (Fisheries Act sec. 78).
Class I. The following are general guidelines for dealing with marine
3. The Merchant Ship Search and Rescue Manual (MER- mammals:
SAR), published by the International Maritime Organization, 1. Be cautious and courteous. Approach areas of known
where the ship is making a foreign voyage or a home-trade or suspected marine wildlife activity with extreme caution.
voyage, Class I or II. Look in all directions before planning your approach or de-
4. Where the ship is required to be fitted with radio equip- parture.
ment and is making a foreign voyage or a home-trade voyage, 2. Slow down. Reduce speed to less than 7 knots when
Class I or II, the following publications, published by the Inter- within 400 meters/yards (0.215 nautical miles) of the nearest
national Maritime Organization and reprinted by the Depart- marine mammal. Avoid abrupt course changes.
ment of Transport: 3. Do not approach or position your vessel closer than
(a) the International Code of Signals 100 meters/yards (0.054 nautical miles) to any marine mam-
(b) the Standard Marine Navigational Vocabulary mal. Please note some species require greater minimum dis-
tances.
4. If you are sailing in an area known to be frequented by
St. Lawrence Seaway marine mammals and the vessel has an auxiliary motor, let
The Seaway Handbook contains the St. Lawrence Seaway the motor idle or turn on the echo sounder to signal your
Regulations, and other information related to the use of the presence.
Seaway. A copy of this publication is to be carried on every 5. If you are operating a small motorized vessel in an area
vessel in transit through the St. Lawrence Seaway and can be known to be frequented by marine mammals, turn on your
obtained from the St. Lawrence Seaway Management Corpora- echo sounder to signal your presence.
tion, as follows: 6. Keep clear of the marine mammal’s path. If they are
approaching you, cautiously move out of the way.
7. Do not approach from the front or from behind. Al-
Mail: St. Lawrence Seaway Management Corp.
ways approach and depart from the side, moving in a direc-
202 Pitt Street
tion parallel to the direction of the marine mammal.
Cornwall, Ontario
8. Do not swim with, touch, or feed marine wildlife.
K6J 3P7, Canada
9. Do not pursue, hunt, chase, follow, lure (bait),
Telephone: 613-932-5170 disperse, drive through, herd, or encircle marine mammals.
Facsimile: 613-932-7268 10. Should dolphins or porpoises choose to ride the bow
wave of your vessel, avoid a sudden course change. Hold
E-mail: [email protected] course and speed, or reduce speed gradually.
Pub. 140
Canada 111
11. Marine mammals may approach vessels; if they do, 3 to 5 knots. They may stay submerged for 15 to 20 minutes
slow down, put the engine in neutral if it is safe to do so, and when feeding on plankton. Because a right whale or group of
allow the marine mammals to pass. Be wary of any individu- right whales frequently spend periods lying at the surface, they
al that appears tame, and keep clear of tail flukes. Wait until are vulnerable to collisions with ships. Collisions with ships
you are more than 400 meters/yards (0.215 nautical miles) are one of the main sources of human-related mortality.
away before slowly resuming speed. Ships operating in the right whale critical areas in the Bay of
12. Stay on the offshore side of the marine mammals when Fundy and Roseway Basin should ask all watches to keep a
they are traveling close to shore. lookout for right whales. During the night and other periods of
13. Limit your viewing time to a recommended maximum reduced visibility, vessel operators should use the slowest safe
of 30 minutes. This will minimize the cumulative impact of speed to reduce the risks of collisions with right whales.
many vessels and give consideration to other viewers. If a right whale is sighted, please report the position (in lati-
14. Report any collisions with marine mammals or sight- tude and longitude), date, and photos via e-mail to XMAR-
ings of entangled, injured, or dead marine mammals to the [email protected].
Department of Fisheries and Oceans via the regional whale/ Despite all precautions, collisions may still occur. Please re-
marine mammal emergency hotlines or Coast Guard radio port all sightings to the appropriate authority. The information
channels. you provide is important in monitoring the population and will
be held in confidence. Please report any collisions with whales,
entangled whales, or dead whales, as follows:
1. Whale Emergency Hotline (1-800-567-6277).
2. Canadian Coast Guard (VHF channel 16).
3. Fundy Traffic (VHF channel 14).
All whale species in the St. Lawrence Estuary are protected
by the Marine Mammal Regulations. Within the boundaries of
the Saguenay-St. Lawrence Marine Park, specific protection
measures are in force; the measures can be found in park regu-
lations. Any collision with a marine mammal within the park
boundaries must be immediately reported to park wardens
(telephone: 1-866-508-9888).
For any collision that occurs outside the park boundary or for
any situation involving a marine mammal that is dead or in
trouble, contact the emergency network, as follows:
1. VHF: VHF channel 16
2. Telephone: 1-877-722-5346
The Saguenay-St. Lawrence Marine Park is bounded by the
coast and lines joining the following positions:
a. 47°42'11.55''N, 69°59'37.84''W. (coast)
b. 47°38'38.99''N, 69°53'16.00''W.
c. 47°52'53.99''N, 69°37'17.23''W.
d. 48°04'30.00''N, 69°31'42.01''W.
e. 48°17'28.00''N, 69°17'17.00''W.
f. 48°20'26.05''N, 69°23'34.03''W. (coast), then continu-
Marine Mammal Distance Requirements ing up the Saguenay River to a line joining the following po-
sitions:
The North Atlantic right whale (Eubalaena glacialis) is the g. 48°20'56.68''N, 70°41'42.00''W.
rarest large whale species in the world. Current estimates indi- h. 48°22'32.74''N, 70°42'20.73''W.
cate that only about 300 occur along the E coast of North Three distinct caution areas, designated by color, have been
America. Sightings have been reported from the Gulf of Mexi- established in the park, as follows:
co to Iceland, but most of the population now is distributed be- 1. Caution Area (Yellow)—Heightened vigilance is criti-
tween Nova Scotia and Florida. Concentrations of right whales cal for navigators transiting in this area to reduce the risk of
have been documented in the Bay of Fundy and in Roseway collisions with whales. It is recommended to post a lookout
Basin (between Browns and Baccaro Banks on the southern to increase the chance of seeing the whales and thus take the
Scotian Shelf) from early summer to late autumn. necessary measures to avoid them. If bypassing the whales is
Right whales can be identified from a distance by the shape not possible, vessels should slow down and wait for the ani-
of the blow or spout, which is bushy and appears “V” shaped mals to move away from the vessel to a distance greater than
when seen head-on, and can be 5m high. Adult right whales are 400m before resuming original speed. It is more difficult to
medium-sized robust whales 14 to 17m long and can weigh up see the animals at night, therefore increased caution is rec-
to 100 tons. Calves are 6 to 7m long. Right whales have dark ommended.
gray or black skin. Their backs are broad and they have no dor- 2. Slow Down to 10 Knots or Less Area (Red)—To re-
sal fin or ridge. On the top of their heads, patches of raised and duce the risk of collisions with whales in the feeding area it
roughened skin (called callosities) that appear white occur. is recommended that vessels post a lookout and slow down
Right whales are slow swimmers, seldom moving faster than to a maximum speed of 10 knots over the water when transit-
Pub. 140
112 Canada
ing the slowdown area. It is further recommended to remain • Avoid any sudden changes in speed or direction.
in the Laurentian Channel N of Ile Rouge to minimize the • Avoid heading directly towards marine mammals.
impact of noise in the sensitive area S of the island, which is • Travel parallel to marine mammals.
highly frequented by herds of beluga whales composed of fe- • If it is not possible to maneuver around marine
males and young. mammals, slow down and wait until the animals are more
3. Area to be Avoided (Hatched Red)—To reduce noise than 400m away before resuming speed.
and risk of collisions with whales, vessels should avoid tran- • If operating a sailing vessel with an auxiliary en-
siting through this area that is highly frequented by blue gine, leave it in idle or use the echo sounder to signal your
whales, an endangered species. If it is necessary to pass presence.
through the area, slow down to a maximum speed of 10 4. Comply with all relevant provisions of the Marine
knots over the water. Mammal Regulations pursuant to the Fisheries Act.
For the location of these areas, see the graphic titled St. 5. Report any marine mammal collisions, entanglements,
Lawrence Marine Park Whale Protection Caution Areas. strandings, distressed animals, or any other incidents to the
These protection measures apply to merchant vessels and Canadian Coast Guard via any Marine Communications
cruise ships between Pointe a Boisvert and Cap de la Tete au Traffic Services (MCTS) Center (see Appendix III). If possi-
Chien are in effect from 1 May until 31 October. However, ble, sightings of northern bottlenose whales, blue whales, or
these measures should only be taken when they will not jeopar- North Atlantic right whales should also be reported.
dize navigational safety. Pollution Prevention in Marine Protected Areas.—Ves-
The following seasonal guidelines for Right Whale Critical sels must adhere to the following measures to ensure the pro-
Areas are in effect from 1 June through 31 December and are tection of the quality of the marine environment:
provided to assist mariners avoid, disturb, or strike right 1. Any discharges, including discharge of ballast water,
whales: within the Marine Protected Area is prohibited. Vessels
1. Grand Manan Basin, Bay of Fundy.—This area, which should avoid such discharges within 27 miles of the Marine
is important to right whales for feeding and is where mothers Protected Area.
bring their calves, is bounded by lines joining the following 2. Report any pollution sightings or incidents to Trans-
positions: port Canada, Marine Safety via any Marine Communications
a. 44°49'N, 66°27'W. Traffic Services (MCTS) Center (see Appendix III).
b. 44°47'N, 66°17'W. Gully Marine Protected Area.—The Gully Marine Protect-
c. 44°40'N, 66°17'W. ed Area covers The Gully, a deep-canyon ecosystem on the
d. 44°33'N, 66°22'W. edge of the Scotia Shelf near Sable Island. The area is bounded
e. 44°29'N, 66°30'W. by lines joining the following positions:
f. 44°29'N, 66°37'W. a. 44°13'N, 59°06'W.
g. 44°42'N, 66°37'W. b. 43°47'N, 58°35'W.
The major threats to right whales in this area are collisions c. 43°35'N, 58°35'W.
with ships and entanglement in fixed fishing gear. d. 43°35'N, 59°08'W.
Avoid this area if possible. Due to a large portion of this e. 43°55'N, 59°08'W.
habitat occurring in or near the main shipping channel to f. 44°06'N, 59°20'W.
Saint John, New Brunswick, this may not be possible. Shortland Canyon.—A protected area critical to feeding
If the area cannot be avoided, decrease vessel speed to 10 and socializing by bottleneck whales. the area is bounded by
knots or less, if possible, post a lookout, and steer ship lines joining the following positions:
around any right whales. a. 44°11'45''N, 58°25'45''W.
2. Roseway Basin, located between Browns and Baccaro b. 44°11'45''N, 58°23'25''W.
Banks on the southern Scotian Shelf.—An IMO-adopted c. 44°07'20''N, 58°17'10''W.
seasonal Area to be Avoided has been established in this ar- d. 43°58'00''N, 58°17'10''W.
ea. For further information, see Areas to be Avoided. e. 43°58'00''N, 58°25'45''W.
The area should be avoided if possible. If avoidance is not
Marine Protected Areas feasible, decrease vessel speed to 10 knots or less, post a look-
Marine Mammal Protection in Marine Protected Ar- out, and maneuver around any marine mammals.
eas.—All marine mammal species are protected in Marine Pro- Haldiman Canyon.—A protected area critical to feeding
tected Areas. The key threats associated with shipping are and socializing by bottleneck whales. the area is bounded by
acoustic disturbances and vessel collisions. Vessels must ad- lines joining the following positions:
here to the following provisions: a. 44°15'00''N, 58°02'05''W.
1. Passage through the area should be avoided, if possi- b. 44°18'10''N, 57°56'20''W.
ble. c. 44°14'10''N, 57°53'05''W.
2. If passage through the area is required, transit the area d. 44°05'05''N, 57°53'05''W.
at a reduced safe speed and post a lookout to increase the e. 44°05'05''N, 58°02'05''W.
likelihood of sighting and avoiding marine mammals. Be General Prohibitions in Marine Prohibited Areas.—The
aware that marine mammals often travel in small groups dis- area should be avoided if possible. If avoidance is not feasible,
persed over an area of several miles. decrease vessel speed to 10 knots or less, post a lookout, and
3. When maneuvering around any marine mammal activ- maneuver around any marine mammals.
ity: Any activity within or in the vicinity of the Marine Protected
Pub. 140
Canada 113

St. Lawrence Marine Park Whale Protection Caution Areas
Area that disturbs, damages, destroys, or removes any living extinction of wild species. It sets requirements defining the es-
marine organism or any part of its habitat is prohibited. The de- sential habitats and the measures to protect them. Some marine
positing, discharging, or dumping of any substance likely to re- mammal populations were granted the status of endangered
sult in harm to the Marine Protected Area is also prohibited. species or of threatened species. To protect these populations,
The exercise of international navigational rights in the Ma- the SARA prohibits the hunting or willful disturbance of these
rine Protected Area is permitted year round. Vessels must oper- populations in the Gulf of Saint Lawrence, the St. Lawrence
ate in compliance with the relevant provisions of the Canada River, and the Saguenay River or their effluents.
Shipping Act and the relevant requirements of the International
Maritime Organization. Many marine mammals populate the waters of the Gulf of
Vessels not in compliance with these requirements are sub- Saint Lawrence, the St. Lawrence River, and the Fjord du Sa-
ject to penalties under the Oceans Act. guenay. In some areas, mariners will have proceed with caution
Vessels must report all accidents or incidents to the Canadian in order to avoid colliding with marine mammals or with ob-
Coast Guard via any Marine Communications Traffic Services servation vessels.
(MCTS) Center (see Appendix III) within 2 hours of occur-
rence or detection. Controlled Access Zones
The Minister of National Defense has designated certain ar-
Species at Risk Act eas of Canadian waters as Controlled Access Zones (CAZ). A
The goal of the Species at Risk Act (SARA) is to prevent the designated CAZ is in effect for an indeterminate period. The
Pub. 140
114 Canada
Fisheries and Ocean Canada

Controlled Access Zones—Chartlet 1
Chief of the Defense Staff sets conditions for access/non-ac- a. 44°30'11.4''N, 63°31'11.4''W.
cess into a CAZ. b. 44°35'33.0''N, 63°26'36.6''W.
Information on the status of a CAZ is given in the Canadian Designated CAZs within the Halifax Harbour CAZ are, as
Annual Notice to Mariners, the Canadian Monthly Notice to follows (Chartlet 2):
Mariners, and through the local Vessel Traffic Management 1. Water area contiguous to Canadian Forces Base Hali-
System. The local Queen’s Harbormaster should be contacted fax Naval Jetty NA1 bounded by lines joining the following
if a vessel determines that it will pass through a CAZ. positions (Chartlet 2):
The only CAZ located in the waters covered by this publica- a. 44°37'58.8''N, 63°31'30.0''W.
tion is in Halifax, Nova Scotia and its approaches. The Halifax b. 44°37'51.6''N, 63°31'28.8''W.
CAZ is comprised of the water area in Halifax Harbour and the c. 44°37'48.6''N, 63°31'25.2''W.
contiguous area of water NW of a line joining the following d. 44°37'43.8''N, 63°31'33.0''W.
positions (Chartlet 1): e. 44°37'34.8''N, 63°31'25.8''W.
Pub. 140
Canada 115


Pub. 140
116 Canada
f. 44°37'27.0''N, 63°31'13.2''W. i. 44°36'43.8''N, 63°32'39.6''W.
g. 44°37'22.8''N, 63°30'55.8''W. 8. Water area within 200m of a designated vessel under-
h. 44°37'27.0''N, 63°30'45.0''W. way in the Halifax CAZ.
2. Water area contiguous to Canadian Forces Base Hali- 9. Water area within 500m of a designated vessel that is
fax Naval Jetties NB, NC, ND, NE, NF, NG, NH, NI, NJ, stationary, including at anchor, in the Halifax CAZ.
and NK2 bounded by lines joining the following positions
(Chartlet 2): Paris Memorandum of Understanding on Port State Con-
a. 44°39'52.2''N, 63°35'31.2''W. trol (PMoU) New Inspection Regime (NIR)
b. 44°39'55.8''N, 63°35'24.0''W. The NIR of the PMoU has introduced a mandatory reporting
c. 44°39'46.8''N, 63°35'07.2''W. system for vessels arriving at or departing from a port or an-
d. 44°39'29.4''N, 63°34'33.0''W. chorage in the Paris MoU region.
e. 44°39'19.8''N, 63°34'25.8''W. Reports should be sent to MCTS Center Placentia or MCTS
f. 44°39'12.0''N, 63°34'38.4''W. Center Halifax. See Appendix III for contact information.
3. Water area contiguous to Canadian Forces Base Hali- For further information, see North Atlantic Ocean—Regu-
fax Naval Jetty NL3 bounded by lines joining the following lations—Paris Memorandum of Understanding on Port
positions (Chartlet 2): State Control (PMoU) New Inspection Regime (NIR).
a. 44°40'13.2''N, 63°35'16.2''W.
b. 44°40'08.4''N, 63°35'25.2''W.
c. 44°40'01.8''N, 63°35'21.0''W. Quarantine Reporting Requirements
d. 44°39'57.6''N, 63°35'11.4''W. In the following circumstances only, the person in charge of
e. 44°39'58.8''N, 63°35'05.4''W. a vessel shall, by radio (via the nearest MCTS Center), tele-
4. Water area contiguous to Canadian Forces Base Hali- phone, or e-mail, at least 24 hours prior to the vessel’s ETA at
fax Naval Jetty NN3 bounded by lines joining the following its port of destination, notify the quarantine officer at the quar-
positions (Chartlet 2): antine station for that port of the occurrence, as listed in the ta-
a. 44°42'31.2''N, 63°38'13.8''W. ble titled Quarantine Stations, when one of the following
b. 44°42'22.8''N, 63°38'13.2''W. occurs:
c. 44°42'17.4''N, 63°38'04.8''W. 1. A member of the crew or a passenger on board the
d. 44°42'14.4''N, 63°37'52.2''W. vessel exhibits one or more of these symptoms:
e. 44°42'19.2''N, 63°37'43.8''W. a. Appears obviously unwell.
5. Water area in Bedford Basin bounded by lines joining b. Cough with blood.
the following positions (Chartlet 3): c. Fever or chills (profuse sweating, unusually flushed
a. 44°42'03.6''N, 63°39'33.0''W. or pale skin, shivering).
b. 44°42'13.8''N, 63°38'55.2''W. d. Shortness of breath of difficulty breathing.
c. 44°42'33.0''N, 63°39'03.6''W. e. Repeated coughing.
d. 44°42'24.6''N, 63°39'42.6''W. f. Diarrhea.
6. Water area SE of the MacDonald Bridge bounded by g. Headache.
lines joining the following positions (Chartlet 2): h. Recent confusion.
a. 44°39'55.2''N, 63°34'54.6''W. i. Skin rash.
b. 44°39'37.8''N, 63°34'20.4''W. j. Bruising or bleeding, without injury.
c. 44°39'30.6''N, 63°34'28.8''W. k. Death.
d. 44°39'46.2''N, 63°35'03.0''W. That person or persons should be isolated in order to mini-
7. Water area SW of McNabb Island bounded by lines mize the exposure of crew and passengers.
joining the following positions (Chartlet 2): 2. The person in charge of the vessel is, during the period
a. 44°36'20.4''N, 63°32'27.0''W. of 4 weeks preceding the ETA of the vessel or since the last
b. 44°36'19.2''N, 63°32'03.0''W. submission of a declaration of health, whichever is lesser,
c. 44°36'22.2''N, 63°31'51.0''W. aware of any instance of illness among the crew or passen-
d. 44°36'23.4''N, 63°31'43.2''W. gers that is suspected to be communicable in nature and may
e. 44°36'39.0''N, 63°31'45.6''W. lead to the spread of the disease.
f. 44°36'44.4''N, 63°31'55.2''W. 3. A certificate establishing that the vessel has been de-
g. 44°36'41.4''N, 63°32'08.4''W. ratted or exempted from de-ratting procedures has expired or
h. 44°36'48.0''N, 63°32'18.0''W. is about to expire.
Quarantine Stations
Quarantine
Contact Number
Entry Point Station Telephone Facsimile
(24 hours)
Location
British Columbia, Yukon Territories, or North-
Vancouver 1-604-666-2499 1-604-666-4947 1-604-317-1720
west Territories 2
Pub. 140
Canada 117
Quarantine Stations
Quarantine
Contact Number
Entry Point Station Telephone Facsimile
(24 hours)
Location
Nova Scotia, Prince Edward Island, New Bruns-
Halifax 1-902-873-7656 1-902-873-7657 1-902-873-7659
wick, Newfoundland, or Labrador 1
Quebec or any Canadian port accessed via the St. 1-514-633-3024
Montreal 1-514-633-3031 1-514-229-2561
Lawrence River 1 1-514-633-3015
Nunavet Territories and Ontario 1 Toronto 1-905-612-5397 1-905-612-7987 1-416-315-5039
Alberta, Saskatchewan, or Manitoba 2 Calgary 1-403-221-3068 1-403-250-9271 1-403-221-3067

1
By e-mail ([email protected]) if notification is being made 48 hours or greater prior to arrival.
2 By e-mail ([email protected]) if notification is being made 48 hours or greater prior to arrival.
At the same time, the person is charge of a vessel shall, by if not proceeding past Quebec City, 48 hours prior to arrival at
radio, provide the quarantine officer with the following the destination. To ensure prompt and efficient service,
information: messages should be sent through an E coast MCTS Center (see
1. Vessel name and nationality. Appendix III).
2. The ports called at during the vessel’s voyage. The person in charge of a vessel who wishes to change the
3. The nature of the cargo on board the vessel. port of destination after receiving instructions from the quaran-
4. Number of crew members. tine officer shall notify the quarantine officer of the change and
5. Number of passengers. request new instructions.
6. Port of destination of the vessel and the name of the
vessel’s owner or, if the owner is not in Canada, the name of Ship Sanitation Certificate Program
the vessel’s agent in Canada. Health Canada protects public health by ensuring that inter-
7. The condition of all persons on board the vessel and national vessels stopping in Canada are free of contamination
details of any death or illness occurring during the voyage. and infection which could introduce communicable diseases.
8. Whether the body of any person is being carried on the Vessels engaged in international trade are required to obtain a
vessel. Ship Sanitation Control Certificate or a Ship Sanitation Control
9. The ETA of the vessel at its port of destination. Exemption Certificate every 6 months. For further information,
10. The date and place of issuance of any de-ratting certif- a free copy of the Ship Sanitation Certificate Program Inspec-
icate or de-ratting exemption certificate applicable to the tion Policy and Procedure Manual can be requested by e-mail
vessel. ([email protected]).
When the circumstances outlined in paragraphs 1 through 3 Inspections can be requested, as follows:
require vessels bound for any St. Lawrence River or Great 1. Facsimile: 514-283-4317
Lakes port to notify the quarantine officer, this should 2. E-mail: [email protected]
preferably be done 48 hours prior to arriving in Quebec City or, [email protected]
Asian Gypsy Moth High Risk Ports

Country High Risk Ports
Russia Kosmina Nadhotka Olga Plastun Posyet Russkiy Island
Aicha Akita Aomori Chiba Ehime Fukui
Fukuoka Fukushima Hachinohe Hakodate Hannan Horoshima
Hokkaido Hyogo Ibaraki Ishikawa Kagaw Kagoshima
Kanagawa Kobe Kochi Kumamoto Kyoto Mie
Japan
Miyagi Miyazaki Niigata Oita Okayama Ooita
Osaka Otaru Saga Sakarta Shimane Shimuzu
Tokushima Tokyo Tomakomai Tottori Toyama Wakyama
Yamagata Yamaguchi
China All ports in northern China, including all ports N of Shanghai
Korea All ports in Korea
Pub. 140
118 Canada
Asian Gypsy Moth High Risk Period Thunder Bay. Canadian Coast vessels dedicated to maritime
The Asian Gypsy Moth High Risk Period in Canada is in ef- security operations will be clearly marked as police vessels. In
fect from March 1 until October 15. Vessels that have called at addition, these vessels may exhibit a flashing blue light, flash-
high-risk ports in Russia, Japan, China, and Korea from June to ing at regular intervals at a rate of 50 to 70 flashes per minute.
December of the previous year will not be permitted to enter Mariners are advised that the police officers on board Cana-
Canada unless they possess a Phytosanitary Certificate or are dian Coast Guard Maritime Security vessels have the authority
inspected at the entrance to Canadian waters. If signs of Gypsy to stop other vessels in appropriate circumstances. Mariners
Moths are found during the inspection, the vessel will be re- must obey the directions of the police and comply with any or-
jected and not allowed to enter Canadian waters during the ders.
High Risk Period. For a listing of high risk ports in Asia, see
the table titled Asian Gypsy Moth High Risk Ports. Beam Restrictions—St. Lawrence River between Quebec
and Montreal
Minor Waters Much of the navigable channel between Quebec and Montre-
The following sheltered waters on the E coast of Canada are al is designed for unrestricted two-way navigation of vessels
specified as minor waters: with a maximum beam of 32.5m. In order to provide safe ac-
1. New Brunswick: cess to newer larger vessels, the Canadian Coast Guard, Trans-
a. St. John Harbor—Inside the S breakwater and inside port Canada, and the Laurentian Pilotage Authority are
a line drawn between the S extremity of the N breakwater undertaking a study to determine the maximum beam allowed
and the easternmost point of Partridge Island. for these vessels to safely navigate the St. Lawrence River be-
b. Shediac Harbour—West of a line drawn between tween Quebec and Montreal.
Pointe du Chene and Caissie Point. The following measures are applicable:
c. Miramichi Bay—West of a line drawn from the E 1. Vessels with a beam greater than 32.5m and up to
shore of Neguac Beach to the E shores of Portage Island 40.1m—The following measures apply:
and Fox Island and then to the W point of Preston Beach. a. Vessels with a beam between 32.5m and 40.2m are
d. Nepisiquit Bay—Inside a line drawn between Alston authorized to transit at any time.
Point and Cron Point. b. When two vessels whose combined beam is be-
e. Dalhousie Harbour and the Restigouche River— tween 65.0m and 72.6m meet, each vessel’s individual
West of a line drawn from Maguacha Point, Quebec to the speed through the water shall not exceed 9 knots where the
mouth of the Charlo River. navigable channel does not exceed 245m.
f. Shippigan Sound—Inside the breakwater at Ship- c. No two vessels whose combined beam is between
pigan Gully and S of a line drawn between Grasse Point 65.0m and 72.6m shall meet at the following locations:
and Pokesudi Point. • Sainte-Croix Bend.
g. Miscou Harbour—East of a line drawn between Her- • Cap Charles Bend.
ring Point and Mya Point. • Cap-a-la-Roche Bend.
h. Passamoquoddy Bay—As far as Campobello Island • Belmouth Bend.
and inside a line drawn at the N entrance between East • The section between Cap Saint-Michel and Ile
Quoddy Head and Deadman Head. aux Vaches.
2. Newfoundland.—Humber Arm E of a line drawn be- • The downstream sector of Tetrauville.
tween Frenchman’s Head and McIver’s Point. d. All overtaking situations involving two vessels
3. Nova Scotia: whose combined beam is between 65.0m and 72.6m shall
a. Bras d’Or Lake, Great Bras d’Or and all connected not be permitted in the locations mentioned in c above and
waters—Inside a line drawn between Carey Point and in areas where the navigable channel does not exceed
North Point, and N of the seaward entrance of St. Peters 245m.
Canal. e. The Marine Communications and Traffic Services
b. Annapolis Gut and Digby Gut—Inside a line drawn Officer (MCTSO) shall notify all vessels of the presence
between Prim Point Light and Victoria Beach at the en- of these large vessels and inform the latter of the vessels to
trance to Digby Gut. which measures will apply when meeting or overtaking.
c. Halifax Harbour—Inside a line drawn between Os- f. For vessels whose combined beam is greater than
borne Head and the E extremity of Chebucto Head. 72.6m, the following apply:
4. Prince Edward Island: • These vessels shall not meet or overtake one an-
a. Charlottetown Harbour—Inside a line drawn be- other in the bends or straight sections of the navigable
tween Canseaux Point and Battery Point. channel that do not exceed 245m.
b. Summerside Harbor—Inside a line drawn between • If a vessel must stop, the vessel proceeding with
Phelan Point and Indian Head Breakwater. the current or the tidal current will be the stand-on ves-
c. Cardigan Bay—Inside a line drawn between Pan- sel.
mure Head and Red Point. • The MCTSO will give the vessels involved
enough advance notice to allow them to make the neces-
Canadian Coast Guard sary arrangements to comply with these measures.
In addition to their traditional roles, Canadian Coast Guard • Pilots shall advise the MCTSO of the arrange-
vessels are utilized for maritime security patrols. The patrols ments made to enable the MCTSO to advise other traf-
will be conducted in Canadian waters from Les Escoumins to fic.
Pub. 140
Canada 119
2. Vessels with a beam greater than 40.1m—These ves- are operational 24 hours, are located, as follows:
sels are not authorized to transit upstream from Quebec. 1. St. John, New Brunswick.
2. Shippegan, New Brunswick (seasonal).
Search and Rescue 3. Westport, Nova Scotia.
4. Clark’s Harbor, Nova Scotia.
The Canadian Forces coordinate all search and rescue activi- 5. Sambro, Nova Scotia.
ties in Canada, in Canadian waters, and on the high seas off the 6. Bickerton, Nova Scotia.
Atlantic coasts of Canada and operate Joint Rescue Coordina- 7. Louisbourg, Nova Scotia.
tion Centers (JRCC) at Halifax, Nova Scotia and Trenton, On- 8. Souris, Prince Edward Island (seasonal).
tario for this purpose. Canadian Coast Guard officers are 9. Summerside, Prince Edward Island (seasonal).
attached to the JRCCs to give advice on marine matters and to 10. Cap-aux-Muelles, Quebec (seasonal).
assist the Canadian Forces Officers in coordinating Search and 11. Havre Saint-Pierre, Quebec (seasonal).
Rescue operations. 12. Riviere-au-Renard, Quebec (seasonal).
The JRCCs and the Maritime Rescue Coordination Subcen- 13. Tadoussac, Quebec (seasonal).
ter (MRSC) in Quebec can be contacted, as follows: 14. Kegashka, Quebec
1. JRCC Halifax 15. Quebec, Quebec (seasonal).
a. Telephone: 1-902-427-8200 16. Burin, Newfoundland.
1-800-565-1582 (Maritimes) 17. Burgeo, Newfoundland.
1-800-563-2444 (Newfoundland and 18. Port-aux-Chois, Newfoundland (seasonal).
Labrador) 19. Lark Harbor, Newfoundland (seasonal).
b. Facsimile: 1-902-427-2114 There are no Coast Guard stations on the coasts of Labrador
c. E-mail: [email protected] or Hudson Bay. In Hudson Strait, a Coast Guard icebreaker on
2. JRCC Trenton station can be contacted for assistance in an emergency.
a. Telephone: 1-613-965-3870 Fixed wing search and rescue aircraft are based in Green-
1-800-267-7270 (Canada only) wood, Nova Scotia. Search and rescue helicopters are based in
b. Facsimile: 1-613-965-7279 Gander, Newfoundland.
c. E-mail: [email protected]
3. MRSC Quebec City Airborne Life Raft
a. Telephone: 1-418-648-3599 Canadian Forces fixed wing aircraft and helicopters are ca-
1-800-463-4393 (Quebec) pable of dropping inflatable life rafts and survival equipment.
b. Facsimile: 1-418-648-3614 The complete drop consists of a line 305m long with a ten-man
c. E-mail: [email protected] dinghy at each end and a number of survival packages in be-
tween. This is dropped upwind to a distressed mariner; the din-
The JRCC at Halifax maintains a 24-hour watch (call sign ghies inflate upon contact with the water.
VCS) on 500 kHz, 2182 kHz, and 156.8 MHz.
Note.—Operations at MRSC Quebec City will be consoli- Helicopter Evacuation
dated into JRCC Halifax and JRCC Trenton by spring of 2013. When evacuation of personnel by helicopter is planned, pre-
Canadian government vessels deployed on search and rescue pare a suitable hoisting area, preferably aft, with a minimum
missions may display a square flag having an orange triangle radius of 16m if possible. Booms, flagstaffs, stays, running rig-
on a yellow background. ging, antenna wires, etc., must be cleared away; secure aw-
A ship-to-air distress signal for use in Canadian waters has nings and all loose gear. At night, light the pick-up area but
been designed in conjunction with the Canadian Forces Search shade the lights so as not to blind the pilot. Allow the basket or
and Rescue Authorities. The signal consists of a cloth painted stretcher from the helicopter to touch the deck before handling
with fluorescent paint showing a disc and square to represent to avoid static shock. Do not secure any line from a helicopter
the ball and flag of the well-known visual distress signal. to your vessel.
The signal should be secured across a hatch or cabin top. In
the event of foundering it should be displayed by survival craft. Rescue Auxiliary
Search and rescue aircraft will recognize this signal as a dis- The Canadian Coast Guard Auxiliary is a volunteer organi-
tress signal and will look for it in the course of a search. Other zation which has been organized by the Coast Guard. The aux-
aircraft on seeing this signal are requested to make a sighting iliary is comprised of experienced marine individuals to
report to the JRCC. supplement the regular facilities by providing SAR services.
Search Initiator Buoys on tugs of more than 5 gross tons con-
sist of a float free buoy attached to the tug with free running ca-
ble. In the event the tug sinks, the buoy will float free and mark Distress Message
the wreck. It is equipped with a radio transmitter capable of If you are in distress (threatened by grave and imminent dan-
sending radio signals on frequencies of 121.5 MHz and 243 ger) transmit the International Distress Call on VHF channel
MHz. An amber or white light of high intensity attached to the 16. If transmission on this frequency is impossible, any other
top of the buoy is visible for at least 5 miles and operates for 48 available frequency on which attention might be attracted
hours. The buoy is radar reflective and painted fluorescent or- should be used. Any Marine Communications and Traffic Ser-
ange. vices Center or vessel that hears a distress message will reply
Coast Guard stations, which are equipped with a lifeboat and and initiate SAR action.
Pub. 140
120 Canada
Urgency Message longer required—The aircraft crosses the wake of the surface
The transmission of a distress message may start an exten- craft close astern at a low altitude and rocks its wings, or opens
sive sea and air search which sometimes continues for days in and closes the throttle, or changes the propeller pitch.
hazardous weather. Therefore, if you are in urgent need of as-
sistance but not in distress, transmit the urgency signal on the Radar Reflectors
frequencies described above. For further details concerning Operators of disabled wooden craft that are, or may consider
distress and urgency communications, mariners should consult themselves to be, the object of a search are requested to hoist
Radio Aids to Marine Navigation. on a halyard or to otherwise place aloft any metallic object that
would assist their detection by radar. All Coast Guard patrol
vessels, planes, and some buoy tenders utilize this equipment
Canada Radio Aids to Marine Navigation and thus can continue searches in darkness and during other
http://www.ccg-gcc.gc.ca/Marine-Communications/Home periods of low visibility if it can be assumed that the object of
the search can be detected through the use of this aid.
Ship-to-Air Distress Signal Actual observations have shown that wooden hulls or other
Ship-to-air distress signal for use in Canadian waters has non-metallic objects are suited as radar targets according to the
been designed in conjunction with the Canadian Forces Search size, orientation, shape, and other radar reflecting qualities of
and Rescue Authorities. The signal consists of a cloth painted the object. Their value as radar targets may be enhanced by the
or impregnated with fluorescent paint showing a disc and use of special radar reflecting devices properly oriented and
square to represent the ball and flag of the well known visual placed as high above the water line as possible. The largest me-
distress signal. Evaluation tests by Canadian Forces aircraft in- tallic object available should be used.
dicate that the most suitable color combination is black sym-
bols on a background of orange-red fluorescent paint. Ship Reporting System
The smallest useful size is a cloth 1.8 by 1.1m showing sym-
bols which have dimensions of 46cm and are the same distance EACAREG/NORDREG
apart. Grommets or loops should be fitted at each corner to take The purpose of this section is to describe the ship reporting
securing lines. procedures to be followed by vessels when within or intending
As the purpose of the signal is to attract the attention of air- to enter the waters of Eastern Canada or Arctic Canada to
craft it should be secured across a hatch or cabin top. In the which the Arctic Waters Pollution Prevention Act applies. The
event of foundering it should be displayed by survival craft. two systems are, as follows:
Search and rescue aircraft will recognize this signal as a dis- 1. ECAREG.—The Eastern Canada VTS Zone
tress signal and will look for it in the course of a search. Other (ECAREG) consists of Canadian waters on the E coast of
aircraft on seeing this signal are requested to make a sighting Canada S of the parallel of 60°N latitude and in the St. Law-
report to the Rescue Coordination Center. rence River E of the meridian of 66°W longitude, except the
The signals are commercially available but they may be waters within Ungava Bay and the waters within the VTS
made at home or aboard ship without difficulty. A length of un- Zones referred to in the Vessel Traffic Services Zones Regu-
bleached calico, or similar material 1.8m long, together with a lations.
can of orange-red fluorescent spray paint are the principal re- 2. NORDREG,—The Arctic Canada VTS Zone (NOR-
quirements. DREG) includes those waters of Ungava Bay, Hudson Bay,
This signal is voluntary equipment, but it is hoped that Mas- and James Bay S of the parallel of 60°N latitude and the wa-
ters of tugs, fishing vessels, and pleasure craft will take advan- ters to which the Arctic Waters Pollution Prevention Act ap-
tage of this opportunity to increase the effectiveness of search ply. It excludes MacKenzie Bay and Kugmallit Bay S of the
and rescue operations. parallel of 70°N latitude and E of the meridian of 139°W
longitude.
Aircraft Signals Further information on both ECAREG and NORDREG can
The following maneuvers performed in sequence by an air- be found in Appendix I.
craft mean that the aircraft wished to direct a surface craft to-
wards an aircraft or a surface craft in distress. First, the aircraft Signals
circles the surface craft at least once. Second, the aircraft cross-
es the projected course of the surface craft close ahead at low Mariners are informed that, if it is necessary for the Depart-
altitude and rocks its wings, or opens and closes the throttle or ment of National Defense to take control of certain Canadian
changes the propeller pitch. Due to high noise levels onboard ports, the signals listed in the table titled Canada—Port Con-
surface craft, the rocking the wings is the primary means of at- trol Signals will be displayed from a conspicuous position at
tracting attention. The above mentioned sound signals may be or near the ports concerned or by an Examination or Traffic
less effective and are regarded as alternative methods. Third, Control Vessel.
the aircraft heads in the direction in which the surface craft is Masters of vessels are warned that should they approach the
to be directed. A repetition of such maneuvers has the same entrance to a port which is being controlled by the Department
meaning. of National Defense they should not enter a declared Danger-
The following maneuver by an aircraft means that the assis- ous Area or approach boom defenses without permission, nor
tance of the surface craft to which the signal is directed is no should they anchor or stop in a dangerous area or prohibited
Pub. 140
Canada 121
anchorage unless instructed to do so. scope, may indicate its position by releasing a “smoke candle”
or a “flare.”
Canada—Port Control Signals Warnings that submarines are exercising in specified areas
may be issued as “CANHYDROLANT” messages on standard
Meaning Day signal Night signal navigational warning broadcasts.
Three flashing red
Three red balls, lights vertically
Entry prohibited vertically dis- displayed and Submarine Operating Areas
played visible all around Area Coordinates Chartlet
the horizon No.*
Three green lights Alpha 44°42'N, 63°00'W 1
vertically displayed 44°19'N, 63°00'W
Entry permitted —
and visible all 44°19'N, 63°40'W
around the horizon 44°28'N, 63°40'W
One green light Note.—Does not include
Movement with- between two red Halifax Harbor. Extends to
in a port or an- lights vertically harbor limits only.
Blue flag
chorage prohib- displayed and Bravo 44°28'N, 63°40'W 1
ited visible all around 44°19'N, 63°40'W
the horizon 44°19'N, 64°00'W
44°28'N, 64°05'W
Masters are advised therefore to communicate with any gov- Charlie One 44°28'N, 64°05'W 1
ernment or port authority vessel found patrolling in the area to 44°19'N, 64°00'W
ascertain the recommended approach route to the port. 44°00'N, 64°00'W
In certain circumstances, it may be necessary to take special 44°00'N, 64°40'W
measures to examine, or to establish the identity of, vessels de-
siring to enter ports and to control their entry. This is the func- Charlie Two 44°00'N, 64°40'W 1
tion of the Examination Service, whose officers will be afloat 44°00'N, 64°00'W
in Examination Vessels or Traffic Control Vessels. 43°30'N, 64°00'W
These vessels will wear the distinguishing flags of the Exam- 43°30'N, 65°25'W
ination Service. The Examination Service special flag consists Charlie Three 43°30'N, 65°00'W 1
of a red and white center with a blue border, and the national 43°30'N, 64°00'W
flag of Canada. 43°00'N, 64°00'W
Canadian signal regulations are subject to frequent additions 43°00'N, 65°00'W
and changes. U.S. Notice of Mariners No. 1 for the current year
should be consulted. Delta One 44°19'N, 64°00'W 1
44°19'N, 63°45'W
Submarine Operating Areas 44°10'N, 63°45'W
44°10'N, 64°00'W
The Canadian Maritime Command operates submarines on
Delta Two 44°19'N, 63°45'W 1
the Atlantic coast, based at Halifax, N.S. Mariners are cau- 44°19'N, 63°30'W
tioned that they may encounter these submarines anywhere off 44°10'N, 63°30'W
the Canadian coasts, particularly in the vicinity of the home
44°10'N, 63°45'W
port. U.S. Navy submarines are also frequently encountered off
the coasts of Canada. Submarines may be surfaced or sub- Delta Three 44°10'N, 63°45'W 1
merged, operating independently or with surface ships and/or 44°10'N, 63°30'W
aircraft. 44°00'N, 63°30'W
When a surface ship is operating with a submarine the sur- 44°00'N, 63°45'W
face ship will fly the International Code Group “NE2” meaning Delta Four 44°10'N, 64°00'W 1
“Submarines are exercising in this vicinity, you should proceed 44°10'N, 63°45'W
with great caution.” 44°00'N, 63°45'W
Vessels should steer so as to give a wide berth to any ship 44°00'N, 64°00'W
flying this signal. If, from any cause, it is necessary to ap-
proach it, vessels should proceed at slow speed until warning is Echo One 44°59'N, 62°00'W 1
given of the danger zone by VHF bridge-to-bridge radio, flags, 44°00'N, 62°00'W
or signal lamp. At all times, a good lookout should be kept for 44°00'N, 63°00'W
submarines whose presence may only be indicated by a peri- 44°42'N, 63°00'W
scope or snorkel showing above the water. Note.—Chartlet No. 1 may be found in the section titled
A submarine operating either independently or with a sur- “Firing Areas.”
face ship or aircraft, when at a depth too great to show its peri-
Pub. 140
122 Canada
Submarine Operating Areas Submarine Operating Areas

Area Coordinates Chartlet Area Coordinates Chartlet
No.* No.*
Echo Two 44°19'N, 63°30'W 1 Hotel One 44°00'N, 63°00'W 1
44°19'N, 63°00'W 44°00'N, 62°30'W
44°00'N, 63°00'W 43°30'N, 62°30'W
44°00'N, 63°30'W 43°30'N, 63°00'W
Foxtrot One 45°03'N, 66°46'W 1 Hotel Two 44°00'N, 62°30'W 1
44°48'N, 66°46'W 44°00'N, 62°00'W
Along the E coast of Grand 43°30'N, 62°00'W
Manan Island 43°30'N, 62°30'W
44°36'N, 66°54'W
44°00'N, 66°54'W Hotel Three 43°30'N, 62°30'W 1
44°00'N, 66°09'W 43°30'N, 62°00'W
Foxtrot Two 44°00'N, 66°09'W 1 43°00'N, 62°00'W
44°00'N, 66°54'W 43°00'N, 62°30'W
43°00'N, 66°54'W Hotel Four 43°30'N, 63°00'W 1
43°00'N, 66°00'W 43°30'N, 62°30'W
43°43'N, 66°00'W 43°00'N, 62°30'W
43°00'N, 63°00'W
Foxtrot Three 43°33.0'N, 66°00.0'W 1
43°00.0'N, 66°00.0'W India 45°16'N, 61°00'W 1
43°00.0'N, 65°00.0'W 44°00'N, 61°00'W
43°30.0'N, 65°00.0'W 44°00'N, 62°00'W
44°59'N, 62°00'W
43°30.0'N, 65°24.5'W
Juliet 45°53'N, 60°00'W 1
Foxtrot Four 43°00'N, 66°00'W 1
44°00'N, 60°00'W
43°00'N, 65°00'W 44°00'N, 61°00'W
42°00'N, 65°00'W 45°16'N, 61°00'W
42°00'N, 66°00'W
Lima One 43°00'N, 65°00'W 1
Foxtrot Five 43°00'N, 66°54'W 1 43°00'N, 64°00'W
43°00'N, 66°00'W 42°00'N, 64°00'W
42°00'N, 66°00'W 42°00'N, 65°00'W
42°00'N, 66°54'W
Lima Two 42°00'N, 65°00'W 1
Golf One 44°00'N, 64°00'W 1 42°00'N, 64°00'W
44°00'N, 63°30'W 41°00'N, 64°00'W
43°30'N, 63°30'W 41°00'N, 65°00'W
43°30'N, 64°00'W Lima Three 41°00'N, 65°00'W 1
Golf Two 44°00'N, 63°30'W 1 41°00'N, 64°00'W
44°00'N, 63°00'W 40°00'N, 64°00'W
43°30'N, 63°00'W 40°00'N, 65°00'W
43°30'N, 63°30'W Mike One 43°00'N, 64°00'W 1
Golf Three 43°30'N, 63°30'W 1 43°00'N, 63°00'W
43°30'N, 63°00'W 42°00'N, 63°00'W
42°00'N, 64°00'W
43°00'N, 63°00'W
43°00'N, 63°30'W Mike Two 42°00'N, 64°00'W 1
42°00'N, 63°00'W
Golf Four 43°30'N, 64°00'W 1 41°00'N, 63°00'W
43°30'N, 63°30'W 41°00'N, 64°00'W
43°00'N, 63°30'W
43°00'N, 64°00'W Mike Three 41°00'N, 64°00'W 1
41°00'N, 63°00'W
Note.—Chartlet No. 1 may be found in the section titled 40°00'N, 63°00'W
“Firing Areas.” 40°00'N, 64°00'W
Note.—Chartlet No. 1 may be found in the section titled
“Firing Areas.”
Pub. 140
Canada 123
Submarine Operating Areas Submarine Operating Areas

Area Coordinates Chartlet Area Coordinates Chartlet
No.* No.*
November 43°00'N, 63°00'W 1 Sierra One 48°40'N, 53°05'W 2
One 43°00'N, 62°00'W 48°40'N, 50°00'W
42°00'N, 62°00'W 46°47'N, 50°00'W
42°00'N, 63°00'W 46°00'N, 55°30'W
November 42°00'N, 63°00'W 1 46°56'N, 55°30'W
Two 42°00'N, 62°00'W Sierra Two 46°00'N, 55°30'W 2
41°00'N, 62°00'W 46°47'N, 50°00'W
41°00'N, 63°00'W 46°10'N, 50°00'W
November 41°00'N, 63°00'W 1 45°20'N, 55°30'W
Three 41°00'N, 62°00'W Sierra Three 45°20'N, 55°30'W 2
40°00'N, 62°00'W 46°10'N, 50°00'W
40°00'N, 63°00'W 44°00'N, 50°00'W
Papa Gulf of St. Lawrence bound- 3 44°00'N, 55°30'W
ed by the coast and three sets Note.—Chartlet No. 1 may be found in the section titled
of lines, as follows: “Firing Areas.”
Line 1—
47°00'00.0''N, 60°25'00.0''W Canadian submarines operating on the surface display an all
47°37'17.1''N, 59°18'16.8''W round rotating amber light (90 flashes per minute).
Line 2— Submarines operating at periscope depth may also show an
51°35'N, 56°00'W all around quick flashing red or yellow light the indicates their
51°54'N, 56°00'W presence to exercising aircraft.
Line 3—
49°18'N, 68°00'W
48°41'N, 68°00'W Distress Signals
A disabled submarine which is unable to surface will try to
Quebec One 46°56'N, 55°00'W 2 indicate its position by the following methods:
46°00'N, 55°00'W 1. Releasing an indicator buoy as soon as the accident
45°17'N, 60°00'W occurs.
45°53'N, 60°00'W 2. Firing red pyrotechnic signals.
and a line joining 3. Pumping out fuel or lubricating oil.
47°00'00.0''N, 60°25'00.0''W 4. Releasing air bubbles.
to 5. Personnel or debris floating on the surface.
47°37'17.1''N, 59°18'16.8''W In any submarine accident, time is the most vital factor af-
Note.—Does not include fecting the chances of rescue of survivors. At the first indica-
French territorial waters of tion that a submarine accident has occurred, by sighting the
Saint-Pierre and Miquelon. signals described above or actually being in a collision with a
Quebec Two 45°17'N, 60°00'W 2 submarine, an immediate report should be made by the quick-
46°00'N, 55°00'W est means possible, to the appropriate authority, as follows:
45°20'N, 55°00'W 1. Atlantic Coast—Headquarters of Maritime Forces At-
44°45'N, 60°00'W lantic at Halifax, telephone (902) 427-2501.
Note.—Does not include 2. Pacific Coast—Headquarters of Maritime Forces Pa-
French territorial waters of cific at Esquimalt, telephone (250) 363-2425.
3. The nearest Marine Communications and Traffic Ser-
Saint-Pierre and Miquelon.
vices (MCTS) Center (see Appendix III).
Quebec Three 44°45'N, 60°00'W 2 The aim of a submarine rescue operation is to save lives and
45°20'N, 55°00'W will have to achieve the following:
44°00'N, 55°00'W 1. Fixing the exact position of the submarine.
44°00'N, 60°00'W 2. To get a ship standing by to pick up survivors, with
Note.—Does not include boats already lowered, if practicable.
French territorial waters of 3. To inform the trapped personnel that help is at hand.
Saint-Pierre and Miquelon. 4. To get medical assistance to the recovered survivors.
5. To get a recompression chamber to the scene.
Note.—Chartlet No. 1 may be found in the section titled
6. To get divers, rescue equipment, etc. on the scene to
“Firing Areas.”
assist the submarine personnel.
Pub. 140
124 Canada

Chartlet 2

Chartlet 3
Pub. 140
Canada 125
There are Canadian Maritime Forces Atlantic and Maritime attempting to escape, Conditions are likely to deteriorate rapid-
Forces Pacific organizations, designed to respond to a subma- ly and postponement of escape will only be made in order to al-
rine search and rescue event, which are kept at an immediate low rescue ships time to reach the scene. Any ship finding an
readiness for action. It is clear, however, that any ship may at indicator buoy should not leave the position but should remain
any time find evidence of a submarine disaster and, if it takes in the area, well-clear, ready to pick up survivors.
prompt and correct action as described above, may be in a posi- In order that those trapped in the submarine know that help is
tion to play a vital role. at hand, Canadian Maritime Forces will drop up to 12 small
There should be no reluctance to make a report of a suspect- charges, individually at 5-second intervals, into the sea. There
ed submarine accident because the observer has been unable to is no objection to the use of small charges for this purpose, but
establish beyond any reasonable doubt that a submarine acci- it is vital that they are not dropped to close, since men in the
dent has occurred. The Canadian Maritime Forces Atlantic and process of making ascents are particularly vulnerable to
Maritime Forces Pacific are prepared to react appropriately. underwater explosions and may easily receive fatal injuries; a
At any time between the accident and the arrival of assisting distance of 0.25 mile is considered safe. Vessels can also
or rescue forces, conditions in the bottomed submarine may indicate their presence by the intermittent running of an echo
deteriorate to the point where the crew have to escape. Any sounder on high power, or by banging on the outer skin of an
ship finding an indicator buoy should not leave the position but underwater portion of the ship’s hull with a hammer. Such
should remain in the area, well-clear, ready to pick up survi- sounds are likely to be heard by the submarine and should be
vors. carried out at frequent intervals.
Submarine Indicator Buoys

Canadian Victoria Class submarines are fitted with two indi-
cator buoys, one at each end of the ship, which are tethered to
the submarine by a mooring line and can be released from in-
side in case of emergency or if for any reason the submarine is
unable to surface. The buoys are marked either FORWARD or
AFT to indicate which end of the submarine they were released
and are all marked with the submarine’s identification number.
These buoys do not contain a telephone and there is, there-
fore, no requirement to approach it close by. Great care should
be taken to avoid damage to the buoy and its mooring line and
it should only be touched if it shows signs of sinking. In this
case, a boat should endeavor to support the buoy while putting
minimal possible strain on the mooring line. Attaching a life
raft to the wire may be the best means of achieving adequate
support. There is a great danger of parting the wire and losing
the location of the distressed submarine.
The buoys, known as Type 639 Model 060, are made of alu-
minum and are cylindrical in shape. They are 76.2cm in diame-
ter and 79.8cm high, with a cylindrical projection on the
bottom about 16.5cm deep. There is a mooring bolt on the bot-
tom, from which is suspended 1,000m of 1.3cm (circumfer-
ence) nylon mooring line. Orange and silver reflective tape is
wrapped alternately around the upper half of the buoy.
The buoy has a visual three-digit identification number in ac-
cordance with ATP 57—NATO Submarine Search and Rescue
Manual.
The buoy floats with a freeboard of about 15.2cm. The buoy
has an extending vertical whip antenna, which extends to a
height of 1.77m above the buoy.
A white light, which flashes twice per second for at least 40
hours, is mounted in the center of the top surface. In darkness
and good weather, the visibility of the light without binoculars
is 3.2km.
For identification purposes, the following inscriptions are
carried on each buoy around the top surface:
1. In English—“S.O.S. H.M.C.S. (identification number).
Finder inform Navy, Coastguard or Police. Do not secure to
Courtesy of Canadian Hydrographic Service or touch.”
Canada—Submarine Indicator Buoy 2. In French—“S.O.S. SOUS-MARIN H.M.C.S. (nume-
ro d’identification). Prevenir immediatement autorites mari-
At any time after a submarine accident survivors may start times. Defense de toucher.”
Pub. 140
126 Canada
The buoys are fitted with an automatic transmitting radio are, as follows:
unit which is activated when the indicator buoy is released. The 1. Approaches to the Bay of Fundy. (IMO adopted)
operating characteristics are, as follows: 2. Approaches to Halifax. (Government of Canada)
1. 243.0 MHz—the sound is a high-pitched tone drop- 3. Approaches to Chedabucto Bay. (IMO adopted)
ping to a low-pitched tone, then a break. This is repeated and 4. Gulf and River St. Lawrence. (Government of Cana-
these repeating tones will trigger automatic-receiving SAR da)
equipment. 5. St. George’s Bay. (Government of Canada)
2. GMDSS frequency 406.025 MHz—a 15-digit code is 6. Placentia Bay. (Government of Canada)
transmitted in digitized format. This code is received by sat- 7. Strait of Belle Isle. (Government of Canada)
ellite, which will correspond to the specific indicator buoy. 8. Cabot Strait. (Government of Canada)
The code is identified by the Rescue Coordination Centers. 9. Red Island to Pinchgut Point. (Government of Cana-
Ships hearing these signals should immediately report their da)
position, depth of water, and, if possible, an indication of signal During the ice season (beginning of December through mid-
strength. It the buoy is sighted in depths of water greater than April), mariners are cautioned that when navigating in ice, the
1,000m, it is certain to be adrift; this fact should also be report- Traffic Separation Schemes may not necessarily represent the
ed as soon as possible. best shipping routes. MCTS Centers (see Appendix III) should
be contacted for further information.
Distress Radio Transmitting Buoys
Canadian Victoria Class submarines carry expendable com-
munications buoys. These buoys, known as Type ECB 680, are U.S. Embassy
silver-colored radio rescue spar buoys. They are about 10cm in
diameter and 60cm long and are powered by a lithium cell. Up- The U.S. Embassy is situated at 490 Sussex Drive, Ottawa,
on reaching the surface, the buoy transmits a SABRE tone ra- Ontario.
dio distress signal on 243.0 MHz for about 8 hours. The buoy The mailing addresses are, as follows:
is free-floating and is not attached to the submarine. 1. Canada address—
P.O. Box 866
Submarine Emergency Position Indicating Radiobeacon Station B
(SEPIRB) Ottawa, Ontario K1P 5T1
Each submarine carries two SEPIRB devices. They are de- 2. U. S. address—
signed to be launched from submarines or manually over the P.O. Box 5000
side by hand.The device is about 7.6cm in diameter and about Ogdensburg, New York (13669-0430)
105cm long, with a maximum weight of about 8.2 pounds.
Once launched and on the surface, the SEPIRB operates, as U. S. Embassy Canada Home Page
follows: http://ca.usembassy.gov
1. The device obtains a GPS fix and begins transmitting a
digital message to COSPAS-SARSAT on 406.025 MHz. The
message contains its initial GPS fix (a default value until a Vessel Traffic Service
GPS fix is obtained), elapsed time from activation, and its
unique ID number. No further position updates are per- Vessel Traffic Services are located, as follows:
formed. 1. Bay of Fundy VTS.1 (44°58'N., 65°52'W.).
2. Six hours after initial activation, the SEPIRB begins 2. Halifax VTS.1 (44°38'N., 63°34'W.).
transmitting a homing beacon signal on 121.5 MHz to assist 3. Strait of Canso and Eastern Approaches VTS.1
in the location of the buoy. (45°33'N., 61°20'W.).
The SEPIRB continues to operate until it is deactivated or it 4. Northumberland Strait VTS.1 (45°59'N., 63°14'W.).
reaches the end of its battery life (a minimum of 48 hours). 5. St. Lawrence River VTS.1 (49°35'N., 65°51'W.).
6. Bull Arm VTS.2 (47°45'N., 53°51'W.).
Time Zone 7. Port aux Basques VTS.2 (47°35'N., 59°08'W.).
8. Placentia Bay VTS.2 (46°57'N., 54°31'W.).
Canada is covered by several time zones. Information is giv- 9. St. John’s, Newfoundland VTS.2 (47°34'N., 52°41'W.).
en in the table in Appendix II titled Canada—Time Zones. 10. Strait of Belle Isle VTS.2 (51°41'N., 56°06'W.).
1
For further information, see Pub. 145, Sailing Directions
Traffic Separation Schemes (Enroute) Nova Scotia and the Saint Lawrence.
2 For further information, see Pub. 146, Sailing Directions
Traffic Separation Schemes (TSS) on the E coast of Canada (Enroute) Newfoundland, Labrador, and Hudson Bay.
Pub. 140
Canada 127
Appendix I—ECAREG/NORDREG Ship Reporting Requirements

The purpose of this appendix is to describe the ship reporting Communications
procedures to be followed by vessels when within or intending Radiotelephone procedures used in communicating with an
to enter the waters of Eastern Canada or Arctic Canada to MCTS Center are those specified by the International Tele-
which the Arctic Waters Pollution Prevention Act applies. communications Union in the Manual for Use by the Maritime
Mobile and Maritime Mobile Satellite Services.
Responsibilities A continuous listening watch shall be maintained on the ap-
There is no intention on the part of the Canadian Coast propriate VTS sector frequency on radio equipment located:
Guard to attempt to navigate or maneuver ships from a shore 1. At any place on board the ship, where the ship is at an-
station and nothing in this publication overrides the authority chor or moored to a buoy.
of the master for the safe navigation of the ship. Information 2. In the vicinity of the ship’s conning space, where the
passed to the master is intended to assist in the safe conduct of ship is underway.
the ship. The continuous listening watch may be suspended if an
A Marine Communications and Traffic Services (MCTS) MCTS Officer directs the ship to communicate with coast sta-
Officer may, under specific circumstances: tions and/or other ship stations on a different VHF radio fre-
1. Grant a clearance to the vessel to enter, leave, or pro- quency.
ceed within the VTS Zone. All times given in local VTS Zone reports should be in local
2. Direct the master, pilot, or person in charge of the deck time and in accordance with the 24-hour clock system.
watch of the vessel to provide any pertinent information in Navigation safety calls on the designated VTS sector fre-
respect of that vessel that may be specified in the direction. quencies should be kept to the minimum consistent with the
3. Direct the vessel to use any radio frequencies in com- safety requirement of the situation.
munications with coast stations or other vessels that may be Communication Difficulties.—Where a ship, for any reason
specified in the direction. other than shipboard radio equipment failure, is unable to ob-
4. Direct the vessel, at the time, between the times or be- tain the required Traffic Clearance or, after receiving a Traffic
fore or after any event that may be specified in the direction Clearance, is unable to maintain direct communication with the
to: appropriate MCTS Center, the master may nevertheless pro-
a. Leave a VTS Zone. ceed along the route, but shall take all reasonable measures to
b. Leave or refrain from entering any area within a communicate with the appropriate MCTS Center as soon as
VTS Zone that may be specified in the direction. possible and obtain the specified clearance.
c. Proceed to or remain at any location within a VTS Shipboard Radio Equipment Malfunction.—In the event of a
Zone that may be specified in the direction. shipboard radio equipment failure where the ship is unable to
A vessel, as well as the master, pilot, or person in charge of obtain the required Traffic Clearance or, after receiving a Traf-
the deck watch of the vessel, shall comply with a direction giv- fic Clearance, is unable to maintain direct communication with
en to it or them by the MCTS Officer. Notwithstanding, the the appropriate MCTS Center, the vessel shall:
master, pilot, or person in charge of the deck watch of the ves- 1. If it is in a port or anchorage where repairs can be
sel may take any action that may be required to ensure the safe- made, remain in the port until the vessel is able to establish
ty of life, the ship, or any other ship. communications in accordance with the Canada Shipping
The master of a ship shall ensure that before the ship enters a Act 2001, Part 5, Section 6(a).
VTS Zone the ship’s radio equipment is capable of receiving 2. If it is not in a port or anchorage where repairs can be
and transmitting radio communications on the appropriate VTS made, proceed to the nearest reasonably safe port or anchor-
sector frequency. age on its route and remain their until the vessel is able to es-
tablish communications in accordance with the Canada
Traffic Clearance Shipping Act 2001, Part 5, Section 6(b).
A Traffic Clearance is an authorization for a ship to proceed
subject to such conditions as may be included in the authoriza- Zone Descriptions
tion. The Traffic Clearance is predicated upon ship report in- Eastern Canada.—The Eastern Canada VTS Zone
formation and known waterway/traffic conditions. A traffic (ECAREG) consists of Canadian waters on the E coast of Can-
clearance does not eliminate the need for other authorizations ada S of the parallel of 60°N latitude and in the St. Lawrence
required by legislation or by-laws. River E of the meridian of 66°W longitude, except the waters
Should any factor upon which the clearance is predicated al- within Ungava Bay and the waters within the VTS Zones re-
ter to the detriment of safe navigation, the clearance may be de- ferred to in the Vessel Traffic Services Zones Regulations.
layed or other conditions may be attached to the clearance. Northern Canada.—The Northern Canada VTS Zone
A traffic clearance is required prior to: (NORDREG) consists of:
1. Entering a VTS Zone. 1. The Shipping Safety Control Zones prescribed by the
2. Commencing a departure maneuver. Shipping Safety Control Zones Order cover Canada’s N wa-
3. Commencing a maneuver that may be detrimental to ters within the area enclosed by the parallel of 60°N, the me-
safe navigation. ridian of 141°W, and the outer limit of the Exclusive
4. Proceeding after being stranded, stopped due to break- Economic Zone; however, where the boundary between Can-
down of main propulsion machinery or steering gear, or hav- ada and Greenland is less than 200 nautical miles from the
ing been involved in a collision. baseline of the territorial sea of Canada, the international
Pub. 140
128 Canada
Courtesy of Transport Canada

Northern Canada Vessel Traffic Services Zone (NORDREG) Zone
boundary shall be substituted for that outer limit. Zone Application

2. The waters of Ungava Bay, Hudson Bay, and Kugmal- Eastern Canada VTS Zone (ECAREG).—With respect to
lit Bay that are not in a Shipping Safety Control Zone. ECAREG, in which participation is mandatory, the Eastern
3. The waters of James Bay. Canada Vessel Traffic Services Zone Regulations apply in re-
4. The waters of the Koksoak River from Ungava Bay to spect of:
Kuujjuaq. 1. Every ship of 500 gross tons or more.
5. The waters of Feuilles Bay from Ungava Bay to Tasiu- 2. Every ship that is engaged in towing or pushing a ves-
jaq. sel, where the combined tonnage of that ship and the vessel
6. The waters of Chesterfield Inlet that are not within a being towed or pushed amounts to 500 gross tons or more.
Shipping Safety Control Zone and the waters of Baker Lake. 3. Every ship carrying a pollutant or dangerous cargo, or
7. The waters of the Moose River from James Bay to engaged in towing or pushing a vessel carrying a pollutant or
Moosonee. dangerous cargo as prescribed in the following:
a. International Maritime Dangerous Goods (IMDG)
Local Zones.—East Coast VTS Local Zones have been es- Code.
tablished for traffic to St. John’s, Placentia Bay, Port aux b. Vessel Pollution and Dangerous Chemicals Regula-
Basques, the Strait of Belle Isle, the Strait of Canso, Halifax, tions.
Northumberland Strait, the Bay of Fundy, and St. Lawrence Northern Canada VTS Zone (NORDREG).—With respect to
Waterway. Further information can be found in Pub. 145, Sail- the Northern Canada VTS Zone (NORDREG), in which partic-
ing Directions (Enroute) Nova Scotia and the St. Lawrence ipation is mandatory, the Northern Canada Vessel Traffic Ser-
River or Pub. 146, Sailing Directions (Enroute) Newfoundland, vices Zone Regulations apply to the following classes of
Labrador, and Hudson Bay, as appropriate. vessels:
Pub. 140
Canada 129
1. Vessels of 300 gross tons and over. the water.

2. Vessels engaged in towing or pushing another vessel, if 20. The name of the Canadian or United States agent of
the combined gross tonnage of the vessel and the vessel be- the ship.
ing towed or pushed is 500 gross tons and over. 21. The date of expiration of a certificate referred to in
3. Vessels carrying, as cargo, pollutant or dangerous car- Article VII of the International Convention on Civil Liability
go, or are engaged in towing or pushing a vessel that is carry- for Oil Pollution Damage, 1969/1992; the International Oil
ing, as cargo, pollutant or dangerous cargo. Pollution Prevention Certificate; the International Pollution
Local VTS Zones.—With respect to the VTS Zones specified Prevention Certificate for the Carriage of Noxious Liquid
in the Vessel Traffic Services Zones Regulations, these regula- Substances in Bulk; the Certificate of Fitness; and the Certif-
tions apply in respect of: icate of Compliance, if any issued to the ship.
1. Every ship 20m or more in length. The date of expiration of the following items are also re-
2. Every ship engaged in towing or pushing any vessel or quested, if issued to the ship:
object, where: a. ISM Safety Management Certificate.
a. The combined length of the ship and any vessel or b. ISM Document of Compliance.
object towed or pushed by the ship is 45m or more. c. International Convention on Civil Liability for
b. The length of the vessel or object being towed or Bunker Oil Pollution Damage, 2001 Certificate (known as
pushed by the ship is 20m or more in length. the Bunkers Convention Certificate).
With respect to the VTS Zones specified in the Vessel Traffic Search and Rescue authorities have requested that ships en-
Services Zones Regulations, these regulations do not apply in tering Canadian waters for the first time answer the following
respect of: question; this information is only required to be supplied once
1. A ship engaged in towing or pushing any vessel or ob- and updated when the situation changes.
ject within a log booming ground. Is your vessel EPIRB equipped? If not, please supply the fol-
2. A pleasure yacht that is less than 30m in length. lowing information:
3. A fishing vessel that is less than 24m in length and not 1. Number of crew and passengers.
more than 150 gross tons. 2. Number of lifeboats and life rafts plus make and ca-
pacity.
ECAREG Information Requirements 3. Color of hull and superstructure.
ECAREG Zone Reports shall be communicated either di- 4. Distinctive features.
rectly to ECAREG or to the nearest Canadian Coast Guard
MCTS Center. All times given in ECAREG Zone Reports shall ECAREG Zone Reports
be in Coordinated Universal Time (UTC). Prior to Entering the Zone.—A report containing all the re-
Depending upon the reporting requirements, the following quired information listed under ECAREG Information Re-
information may be required to be reported: quirements, except Item 10, shall be made 24 hours prior to
1. The name of the ship. entering the zone, or as soon as practicable where the estimated
2. The radio call sign of the ship. time of arrival of the ship at the zone is less than 24 hours after
3. The name of the master of the ship. the time the ship departed from the last port of call.
4. The position of the ship. This report is not required where:
5. The time the ship arrived at the position. 1. The ship is on a voyage between two ports within the
6. The course of the ship, if any. zone, and
7. The speed of the ship, if any. 2. The ship is entering the zone directly from the Arctic
8. The prevailing weather conditions (including ice, if Canada Traffic Zone and is in possession of a valid NOR-
applicable). DREG Clearance.
9. The estimated time that the ship will enter the Eastern Entering at a Zone Boundary.—A report consisting of Items
Canada VTS Zone. 1, 2, 4, 8, and 9 from the information listed under ECAREG
10. The estimated time the ship will depart the berth. Information Requirements shall be made immediately before
11. The destination of the ship. the ship crosses the Zone Boundary when entering the VTS
12. The ETA of the ship at the destination. Zone.
13. The route the ship intends to take through the Eastern This report is not required when entering directly from a Lo-
Canada VTS Zone to arrive at the destination. cal VTS Zone.
14. The name of the last port of call of the ship. Arrival at a Berth.—A report consisting of Items 1 and 2
15. The draft of the ship. from the information listed under ECAREG Information Re-
16. Any dangerous cargo, listed by class, or pollutant, that quirements, as well as the port of arrival and the time of arriv-
is carried on board the ship or vessel being towed or pushed al, shall be made on arrival of the ship at a berth.
by the ship. Departing a Berth.—A report containing all the required in-
17. Revoked. formation listed under ECAREG Information Require-
18. Any defect in the ship’s hull, main propulsion ma- ments, except Item 9, shall be made 2 hours before a ship
chinery, steering systems, radars, compasses, radio equip- departs a berth.
ment, anchors, or cables. A traffic clearance to depart a berth is valid for 1 hour from
19. Any discharge, or threat of discharge, of a pollutant estimated time of departure. Where a traffic clearance to depart
from the ship into the water, and any damage to the ship that a berth has expired because of a revised time of departure, a
may result in the discharge of a pollutant from the ship into new traffic clearance is required. In this case, the report need
Pub. 140
130 Canada
only contain the ship’s name, call sign, position, and revised port shall be provided at least 1 hour but not more than 2
time of departure hours prior to departing from a berth within the NORDREG
This report is not required where the ship is proceeding to Zone, unless the vessel is moving to another berth in the
another berth in the same port. same port.
Exiting the Zone.—A report consisting of Items 1, 2, 4, and 8 The information required for this report is given in the col-
from the information listed under ECAREG Information Re- umn labeled SP2 in the tabled titled NORDREG—Message
quirements shall be made immediately before the ship crosses Formats.
the seaward boundary of the VTS Zone. 3. Getting Underway After an Incident.—A Sailing Plan
In a case where exiting a VTS Zone coincides with entering report shall be provided immediately before a vessel gets un-
a Local VTS Zone, this report is not required. The Local VTS derway within the NORDREG Zone if the vessel has been
Zone reporting requirements procedures shall be followed. stranded, has stopped as a result of a breakdown in the main
Note.—A vessel which cannot establish contact with propulsion systems or steering systems, or has been involved
ECAREG CANADA should continue its voyage and make the in a collision.
required reports as soon as possible. The information required for this report is given in the col-
A report shall be made whenever a significant change occurs umn labeled SP3 in the tabled titled NORDREG—Message
in the information previously provided in any report made pur- Formats.
suant to the Eastern Canada Vessel Traffic Services Zones Reg- Position Reports (PR) shall be sent, as follows:
ulations except where the report was made when departing 1. Entering at the NORDREG Zone boundary.—A Posi-
from a VTS Zone. tion Report shall be provided immediately after a vessel en-
ters the NORDREG Zone.
Information Services The information required for this report is given in the col-
Inbound vessels may obtain recent navigational information umn labeled PR1 in the tabled titled NORDREG—Message
by contacting ECAREG CANADA through a coast radio sta- Formats.
tion, stating the following: 2. Daily Report.—A Position Report shall be provided
1. Vessel’s name and call sign. daily at 1600 UTC unless the vessel is transmitting LRIT in-
2. Position, destination, and intended route. formation.
3. Most recent edition of Canadian Notices to Mariners The information required for this report is given in the col-
held. umn labeled PR2 in the tabled titled NORDREG—Message
4. List of recent Notices to Shipping held. Formats.
3. Other situations.—A Position Report shall be provided
NORDREG Zone Reports as soon as feasible after a vessel’s master becomes aware of
NORDREG Reports shall be addressed to NORDREG any of the following:
CANADA and communicated either directly to NORDREG a. Another vessel in apparent difficulty.
CANADA or to the nearest Canadian Coast Guard MCTS Cen- b. Any obstruction to navigation.
ter (see Appendix III). All times indicated in NORDREG Re- c. Any aid to navigation that is not functioning prop-
ports shall be in UTC. The master of the ship shall ensure that erly or is damaged, out of position, or missing.
these reports are made in accordance with the stated require- d. Any ice or weather conditions that are hazardous to
ments. safe navigation.
Every report shall begin with the term NORDREG and be e. Any pollutant in the water.
followed by whichever of the following two letters corresponds The information required for this report is given in the col-
to the report: umn labeled PR3 in the tabled titled NORDREG—Message
1. SP—Sailing Plan Report. Formats.
2. PR—Position Report. Final Reports (FR) shall be sent, as follows:
3. FR—Final Report. 1. When the vessel arrives at a berth in the NORDREG
4. DR—Deviation Report. Zone.
Sailing Plan (SP) reports shall be sent, as follows: 2. Immediately before a vessel exits the NORDREG
1. Prior to Entering the NORDREG Zone.—A Sailing Zone.
Plan report shall be provided 24 hours prior to entering the Deviation Reports (DR) shall be sent, as follows:
NORDREG Zone or as soon as possible after leaving a port 1. When a vessel’s position varies significantly from the
that is less than 24 hours from the NORDREG Zone. This position that was expected based on the SP.
ensures that vessels are not delayed in obtaining a clearance 2. When a vessel’s intended voyage changes from the SP.
from the MCTS Center and enables the MCTS Center to as- Note.—A report shall be made whenever a significant
sess current conditions and prepare relevant safety informa- change occurs in the information previously provided in any
tion for the vessel. report made pursuant to the Northern Canada Vessel Traffic
Vessels must obtain a clearance from the MCTS Center Services Zones Regulations except where the report was made
before entering the NORDREG Zone. when departing from a VTS Zone.
The information required for this report is given in the col-
umn labeled SP1 in the tabled titled NORDREG—Message ECAREG/NORDREG Reporting Contacts
Formats. See the accompanying table titled ECAREG/NORDREG
2. Departing a Berth or Anchorage.—A Sailing Plan re- Contact Reporting Information.
Pub. 140
Canada 131
Local VTS Zone Reports 3. The position of the ship.

With respect to Local VTS Zones as specified in the Vessel 4. Estimated time that the ship will enter the VTS Zone.
Traffic Services Zones Regulations, the master of a ship shall 5. The destination of the ship.
report to the MCTS Officer in accordance with the regulations 6. Estimated time the ship will arrive at its destination.
described below. 7. Whether any pollutant or dangerous cargo is carried on
Information Required.—Depending on the reporting require- board the ship or any vessel or object being towed or pushed
ments, the following information may be required to be report- by the ship.
ed: 8. The estimated time that the ship will depart the berth.
1. The name of the ship. 9. The estimated time at which the ship will next arrive at
2. The radio call sign of the ship. a location requiring a report.
NORDREG—Message Formats
Iden-
Content SP1 SP2 SP3 PR1 PR2 PR3 FR DR
tifier
Vessel name, flag, call sign (if applicable), IMO
A number (if applicable), and MMSI number (if X X X X X X X X
applicable).
Date and time (UTC)—date and time of report (6
B digits followed by a Z (day of month is 2 digits; X X X X X X X
hour and minutes is 4 digits)).
Vessel position by latitude and longitude—latitude
is a 4-digit group in degrees and minutes with N or
C
S; longitude is a 5-digit group in degrees and
minutes W.
Vessel position by geographical place name. If the X1 X1 X1 X1 X1 X1 X1
vessel is not at a known place, use the name of a
D known place followed by the vessel’s true bearing
(a 3-digit group) and distance in nautical miles
from that place.
E Course—true heading (a 3-digit group). X X X X O
F Speed in knots (a 2-digit group). X X X X O
G Port of departure (name of last port of call). X O
Date/time/position of entry into the NORDREG
Zone or departure from a berth within the
H X X O
NORDREG Zone (date and time as expressed in B;
position as expressed in C or D).
I Destination and ETA (as expressed in B). X X X O
Date/time/position of departure from the
NORDREG Zone or arrival at a berth within the
K X O
NORDREG Zone (date and time as expressed in B;
position as expressed in C or D).
Vessel’s intended route (a brief description of the
L X X X O
intended route through the NORDREG Zone).
O Draft in meters and centimeters (a 4-digit group). X2 X3 X3 O
Cargo—A brief description of the vessel’s cargo
and the cargo of any vessel being towed or pushed.
The description must include:
P 1. The class and quantity of all dangerous X X3 X3 O
cargo.
2. The technical name and quantity of all
pollutants.
Pub. 140
132 Canada
NORDREG—Message Formats
Iden-
Content SP1 SP2 SP3 PR1 PR2 PR3 FR DR
tifier
Defects, damages, and deficiencies, as well as
Q circumstances adversely affecting the vessel’s X2 X3 X3 O
normal navigation (brief details).
Weather and ice (brief description of prevailing
S
weather and ice conditions).
X X3 X3 X X X O
Name and contact information, as follows:

1. In the case of a Canadian vessel—the
vessel’s authorized representative.
T 2. In the case of a foreign vessel—the X2 X3 X3 O
vessel’s Canadian or American agent or owner.
3. In the case of a pleasure craft that is not a
Canadian vessel—the pleasure craft’s owner.
Persons on board (state number of persons on
W
board).
X X3 X3 O
X Additional information. X4 X3, 4 X3, 4 X5

KEY
X Required information.
X1 Either format may be used.
X2 This information is not required for vessels entering directly from the ECAREG Zone.
X3 Not required if the corresponding information has not changed since the previous Sailing Plan report.
The following details should be included:
1. The total amount of oil on board that is for use as fuel or carried as cargo, expressed as cubic meters.
2. If the vessel’s owner or master holds an Arctic Pollution Prevention Certificate in respect of the vessel, give
X4 the certificate’s expiration date and the name of the issuing authority.
3. The vessel’s ice class, if applicable, and the name of the classification society that assigned the ice class.
4. If the vessel is getting underway after having been stranded, stopped as a result of a breakdown in the main
propulsion or steering system, or involved in a collision, give a brief description of the applicable incident.
A brief description if any of the following items occur:
1. Another vessel in apparent difficulty.
2. Any obstruction to navigation.
X5 3. Any aid to navigation that is not functioning properly or is damaged, out of position, or missing.
4. Any ice or weather conditions that are hazardous to safe navigation.
5. Any pollutant in the water.
O Information to be included only if corresponding information has changed since the last report.
Entering a Zone.—At least 15 minutes before a ship intends contained in Items 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, and 8 above.
to enter a zone, a report shall be made specifying the informa- Immediately after completing a departure maneuver, a report
tion contained in Items 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7 above. shall be made specifying the information contained in Items 1,
Ships in possession of a valid Traffic Clearance are not re- 3, and 9 above.
quired to provide this report. Maneuvers.—A Traffic Clearance is required 15 minutes pri-
Arriving at a Calling-In-Point (CIP).—When a ship arrives or to commencing any maneuver, such as:
at a CIP, a report shall be made specifying the information con- 1. A compass adjustment.
tained in Items 1, 3, and 9 above. 2. The calibration and servicing of navigational aids.
Arriving at a Berth.—As soon as practicable after a ship ar- 3. A sea trial.
rives at a berth, a report shall be made specifying the informa- 4. A dredging operation.
tion contained in Items 1 and 3 above. 5. The laying, picking up, and servicing of submarine ca-
Departure Maneuvers.—A departure maneuver is defined as bles.
an operation during which a vessel leaves a berth and gets safe- 6. Any other maneuver that may be detrimental to safe
ly underway. Immediately before commencing a departure ma- navigation.
neuver, a report shall be made specifying the information The request for Traffic Clearance should include the infor-
Pub. 140
Canada 133
mation contained in Items 1 and 3 above, as well as a descrip- 8. The presence of any pollutant in the water.
tion of the intended maneuver. As soon as practicable after the 9. The presence of a ship that may impede the move-
maneuver is completed, a report describing the maneuver just ment of other ships.
completed shall be made. 10. Any ice and weather conditions that are detrimental to
Change in information.—A report shall be made whenever a safe navigation.
significant change occurs in the information previously provid- Note.—Items 6, 7, and 8 are not required if the information
ed in any report made pursuant to the Vessel Traffic Services has been previously promulgated by a Notice to Shipping.
Zones Regulations except where the report was made when de- Mariners are encouraged to provide, on a voluntary basis,
parting from a VTS Zone. any information pertaining to charts and publications which
Non-routine reports.—Pursuant to the Eastern Canada Ves- may not be on board so that arrangements can be made to em-
sel Traffic Services Zone Regulations or the Vessel Traffic Ser- bark the necessary items.
vices Zones Regulations, a report indicating the vessel’s name,
position, and a description of the incident shall be made prior Variations
to the vessel proceeding, as soon as the master becomes aware Ferries and other vessels on a regularly scheduled voyage
of any of the following conditions: may be exempted from making routine reports. Formal varia-
1. The occurrence on board the ship of any fire. tions to reporting procedures will be granted only where alter-
2. The involvement of the ship in a collision, grounding, nate arrangement to provide essential information are made
or striking. and where the equivalent procedure or practice is deemed to be
3. Any defect in the ship’s hull, main propulsion sys- as safe as that required in the regulations.
tems, steering systems, radars, compasses, radio equipment, Formal variations may be obtained by submitting a written
anchors, or cables. request to the appropriate Regional MCTS Superintendent, Ca-
4. Any discharge or threat of discharge of a pollutant nadian Coast Guard.
from the ship into the water. In circumstances other than those described above, informal
5. Another ship in apparent difficulty. variations may be granted from time to time on a one time only
6. Any obstruction to navigation. basis by an MCTS Officer where the procedure or practice re-
7. Any aid to navigation that is functioning improperly, quested is deemed to be as safe as that required in the regula-
damaged, out of position, or missing. tions.
ECAREG/NORDREG—Contact Reporting Information

Contact Telephone Facsimile Telex E-mail
ECAREG
Halifax MCTS Center
10 Hudson Way 902-426-4956 902-426-4483 — [email protected]
Dartmouth NS B2Y 3Z8
NORDREG
Iqaluit MCTS Center *
P.O. Box 189 867-979-5724 867-979-4264 21-063-15529 NORDREG CDA [email protected]
Iqaluit NU X0A 0H0
Prescott MCTS Center **
P.O. Box 100
613-925-4471 613-925-4519 21-063-15529 NORDREG CDA [email protected]
401 King Street West
Prescott ON K0E 1T0
* Operational from mid-May until late-December.
** Operational from late-December until mid-May.
Pub. 140
Canada 135
Appendix II—Time Zones
Canada—Time Zones
Location Standard Time Daylight Savings Time
+2 1/2
Newfoundland (except Labra- Observed from the second Sunday
+3 1/2
dor) in March until the first Sunday in
November.
PAPA (+3)
Atlantic Zone—New Bruns-
Observed from the second Sunday
wick, Nova Scotia, Anticosti E QUEBEC (+4)
in March until the first Sunday in
of 63°W, and Labrador
November.
Atlantic Zone—Eastern Quebec QUEBEC (+4) Not observed.
Eastern Zone—Eastern QUEBEC (+4)
Northwest Territories, Ottawa, Observed from the second Sunday
eastern Ontario, western ROMEO (+5) in March until the first Sunday in
Quebec, and Anticosti W of November.
longitude 63°W
Eastern Zone—Nunavet and
ROMEO (+5) Not observed.
western Ontario
Central Zone—Manitoba, ROMEO (+5)
central Northwest Territories, Observed from the second Sunday
SIERRA (+6)
Cambridge Bay, and in March until the first Sunday in
Kugluktuk/Coppermine November.
Central Zone—Saskatchewan SIERRA (+6) Not observed.
SIERRA (+6)
Mountain Zone—Mountain
Northwest Territories and TANGO (+7)
Alberta
November.
Mountain Zone—Some towns
in northeastern British TANGO (+7) Not observed.
Columbia
TANGO (+7)
Pacific Zone—British
Columbia, Yukon Territory, and UNIFORM (+8)
western Northwest Territories
November.
Pub. 140
136 Canada
Courtesy of National Research Council of Canada

Canada—Standard Time Zones
Courtesy of National Research Council of Canada

Canada—Daylight Savings Time Zones
Pub. 140
Canada 137
Appendix III—MCTS Center Contact Information
Marine Communications and Traffic Services (MCTS) Centers—Contact Information

Location Telephone Facsimile E-mail Web address
Pacific Coast
MCTS Prince Ru- http://www.ccg-gcc.ca/Marine-
250-627-3074 250-624-9075 [email protected]
pert Communications/Home
http://www.ccg-gcc.ca/Marine-
MCTS Victoria 250-363-6611 250-363-6556 [email protected]
Communications/Home
Arctic Coast
867-979-5269
[email protected] (East)
(East)
MCTS Iqaluit 867-979-4264 —
867-979-0310
[email protected] (West)
(West)
Atlantic Coast
MCTS Halifax 902-426-9750 902-426-4483 [email protected] —
MCTS Goose Bay 709-896-2252 709-896-8455 [email protected] —
MCTS Les Es-
418-233-2194 418-233-3299 [email protected] —
coumins
709-227-2181
MCTS Placentia 709-227-5637 [email protected] —
709-227-2182
MCTS Port aux
709-695-2167 709-695-7784 [email protected] —
Basques
MCTS Quebec 418-648-4427 418-648-7244 [email protected] —
MCTS Sydney 902-564-7751 902-564-7662 [email protected] —
Pub. 140
Canada 139
Appendix IV—Icebreaker Signals
Operational Signals to be Used to Supplement Radiotelephone Communications Between Icebreakers and Assisted Vessels
The signal K made by sound or light may be used by and ice- is required by the escorted vessel(s).
breaker to remind vessels of their obligation to maintain a con- The signals are seldom used in practice but are listed in case
tinuous radio listening watch. voice radio communication fails.
The emergency stop signal on an icebreaker, a red revolving The use of these signals does not relieve any vessel from
light placed high up on the aft end of the superstructure and complying with the International Regulations for Preventing
visible from astern, will be activated when an emergency stop Collisions at Sea.
Pub. 140
141
CAPE VERDE ISLANDS
General 141 1. Off the W side of Ilha do Sol.

Buoyage System 141 2. Off the E side of Ilha da Boavista.
Cautions 141 3. Near Ilha do Fogo.
Currency 141 4. Near Ilha Brava.
Government 141
Holidays 142
Industries 142
Currency
Languages 142 The official unit of currency is the Cape Verde escudo, con-
Navigational Information 142 sisting of 100 centavos.
Regulations 142
Time Zone 142
Government
U.S. Embassy 142
General
The Cape Verde Islands consists of ten major islands and five
small islets. This group, lying between 350 and 450 miles off
the African coast, is of volcanic origin and is mountainous.
The climate, which is dry and tropical, and vegetation are
similar to the adjoining African mainland.
Buoyage System
The IALA Buoyage System (Region A) is in effect. See Flag of the Cape Verde Islands
Cape Verde Islands is a republic. The country is divided into
Cautions 22 municipalities.
Cape Verde Islands is governed by a directly-elected Presi-
The haze over the islands is often so thick that surf is sighted dent who serves a 5-year term. The Prime Minister is nominat-
before the land is visible. ed by the National Assembly and appointed by the President.
Local magnetic anomalies have been reported throughout the The unicameral National Assembly is composed of 72 directly-
island group, especially in the following areas: elected members serving 5-year terms.
Pub. 140
142 Cape Verde Islands
The legal system is modeled after the Portuguese legal sys- are, as follows:
tem.
The capital is Praia. Territorial Sea * 12 miles.
Holidays
The following holidays are observed: Zone
Continental Shelf 200 miles.
January 13 Democracy and Liberty sion or notification for innocent passage of warships in the
Day territorial sea.
January 20 National Heroes’ Day
Ash Wednesday Variable
Regulations
Good Friday Variable Quarantine messages must be sent between 0700 and 1800,
not more than 12 hours or less than 6 hours prior to the arrival
of the vessel.
May 1 Labor Day
May 19 Municipal Day Search and Rescue
June 1 Children’s Day Capitania dos Portos de Barlavento (CPB) is responsible for
July 5 Independence Day coordinating search and rescue operations. A Rescue Coordi-
nation Center, which operates 24 hours and relays all calls to
August 15 Assumption Day CPB, is located on Sal Island.
November 1 All Saints’ Day Cape Verde MRCC CPB can be contacted, as follows:
1. Telephone: 238-2-324342
December 25 Christmas Day 238-2-326475
2. Facsimile: 238-2-324271
Industries 3. E-mail: [email protected]
Sao Vicente Coast Radio Station (D4A) maintains a continu-
The main industries are food and beverages, fish processing, ous listening watch for distress traffic on 2182 kHz, 2187.5
clothing and footwear, salt mining, and ship repair. kHz, VHF channel 16, and VHF channel 70. The radio station
The main exports are fuel, footwear, clothing, fish, and can be contacted, as follows:
hides. The main export-trading partners are Australia and 1. Telephone: 238-2-322158
Spain. 238-2-232263
The main imports are foodstuffs, industrial products, trans- 2. Facsimile: 238-2-321882
port equipment, and fuels. The main import-trading partners 3. E-mail: [email protected]
are Portugal, Australia, the Netherlands, Spain, and China.
Languages Time Zone

Portuguese is the official language. Criolo, an indigenous The Time Zone description is NOVEMBER (+1). Daylight
language, is a mixture of Portuguese and West African words. Savings Time is not observed.

Enroute Volume The U.S. Embassy is situated at Rua Abilio Macedo 6, Praia.
Pub. 143, Sailing Directions (Enroute) West Coast of Europe The mailing address is C. P. 201, Praia.
and Northwest Africa.
U. S. Embassy Cape Verde Islands Home Page
Maritime Claims http://praia.usembassy.gov
The maritime territorial claims of the Cape Verde Islands
Pub. 140
143
CARIBBEAN SEA
General 143 its vulnerability to damage caused by marine activities. Vessels

Cautions 143 operating in or near such an area should exercise the utmost
Climatology 144 care to avoid damage to the maritime environment and the ma-
Currents 148 rine organisms in it. No waste should be discharged overboard.
Fishing Areas 149 The Sabina-Carriageway Archipelago in Cuba and the Saba
Navigational Information 149 Bank have been declared by the IMO to be Pssts.
Pollution 150
Regulations 150 Dangerous Waves
Ship Reporting System 150 High waves, induced by the persistent trade winds, are fre-
Signals 151 quent in the Caribbean Sea during most of the year. Elsewhere,
wave conditions are generally favorable. Mountainous waves
General of 12m and over are observed only in major hurricanes during
summer and autumn.
The Caribbean Sea, one of the world’s largest salt water seas, The prevailing direction of waves during autumn and winter
is a tropical body of water that is part of the Atlantic Ocean ly- is NE. As the Bermuda High shifts NW during spring and sum-
ing SE of the Gulf of Mexico. It is bounded on the S and W by mer, sea and swell generally become more E. In the S part of
South America and Central America and on the N and E by the the region, waves prevail from the E and NE more than 60 per
Greater Antilles and the Lesser Antilles. cent of the time.
The Caribbean Sea consists of two large basins, separated by
a sill with depths of less than 1,830m, extending from Hondu- Floating Hazards
ras to Hispaniola. Floating logs and other timber debris can be expected off the
The deepest point in the Caribbean Sea is the Cayman river entrances and ports along the coast of Central America.
Trench, in the W basin, with a depth of 7,686m, lying between
Cuba and Jamaica. The E basin, sometimes called the Grenada Stowaways
Deep, rarely exceeds a depth of 4,000m. Mariners, particularly those in vessels departing Caribbean
island ports for destinations in the United States, should ensure
Cautions stowaways do not board their vessels. Stowaways generally try
to board prior to departure under the cover of darkness. Vessels
Special Warning 120 (Issued 16 November 2001; reviewed will be held responsible for the repatriation of stowaways.
20 November 2014)
Information on Special Warning 120 can be found in North Aids to Navigation
Atlantic Ocean—Cautions. Buoys in the Caribbean Sea may be missing, out of position,
or remain unlit for long periods of time.
Particularly Sensitive Sea Areas (PSSA) The Caribbean Sea is subject to frequent hurricanes. The
A PSSA is an area that requires special protection because of path of a hurricane can be marked by considerable destruction.
Pub. 140
144 Caribbean Sea
Lights may be destroyed and beacons and buoys washed away. 2. Curacao.
These aids will be restored as quickly as possible; however, 3. Jamaica—Montego Bay and Ocho Rios.
temporary aids may be established which may or may not be 4. Sint Maarten.
similar in character to the original aids.
Tropical Cyclones
Maritime Administration (MARAD} Advisories Tropical cyclones are encountered throughout this region
MARAD Advisories rapidly disseminate information on and are the most serious weather threat to navigation. The trop-
maritime dangers, safety, government policy, and other time- ical cycle season runs from June through early November; Au-
sensitive matters pertaining to U.S. flag vessel operations. For gust, September, and October are the most active months.
further information, see North Atlantic Ocean—Cautions— Tropical cyclones can form in any month. In an average year,
Maritime Administration (MARAD} Advisories. nine or ten tropical cyclones come to life and about six of these
reach hurricane intensity.
Piracy In Hurricane Camille (1969) and in the Florida Keys hurri-
Vessels are further cautioned to be especially alert for pirates cane of 1935, winds were estimated to be at least 175 knots.
in the waters off Venezuela and Haiti. For further information, True readings of extreme winds are hard to get, because re-
see North Atlantic Ocean—Cautions—Piracy. cording stations are few and anemometers fail to survive. Land
winds tend to have slightly lower velocity because of friction.
Climatology During Hurricane Camille, at an oil rig along the Louisiana
coast, a peak gust of 149 knots was recorded before the instru-
General ment failed. At La Habana, Cuba, in October 1944, a wind
Weather in this region is generated primarily by the North speed of 141 knots was recorded. In the Florida hurricane of
Atlantic Subtropical High. The Northeast Trade Winds blow- September 1947, a reliable one-minute speed of 130 knots was
ing clockwise around this high are accompanied by partly measured at Hillsboro Light near Pompano Beach.
cloudy skies and occasionally showers. This pattern changes N Some of the highest ocean waves have been generated by
of 25°N, so that near Bermuda, S winds exceed E winds during tropical cyclones. It has been found that in an average hurri-
most of the year. cane, waves of 10.7 to 12.2m are generated; in intense hurri-
Between the North Atlantic Subtropical High and its coun- canes these waves may exceed 15.2m.
terpart in the South Atlantic Ocean lies the Intertropical Con- The most dangerous single element of the hurricane for
vergence Zone (ITCZ). This broad band of light variable coastal areas is the storm tide, which is the result of the hurri-
winds, clouds, and showers moves N and S with the sun, lag- cane’s pressure and winds on the tide, plus the normal astro-
ging about a month behind. Its farthest N penetration is in mid nomical tide. When normal high water occurs at the time of a
to late summer, when it brings weather to the area between 5° peak storm surge, the hazard can be great. Storm tides of 4.6m
and 15°N; the center of activity is along 10°N latitude. This, or more above mean sea level have occurred in the Labor Day
then, is the rainy season in these latitudes and it stretches hurricane of 1935. The storm tides generated by hurricane Ca-
through November or December in some areas. By February, mille in 1969 were measured above 7.3m along the Mississippi
the ITCZ has retreated S and the weather is usually S of 5°N. coast.
While fair weather is generally the rule in the tropics, the Early and late season tropical cyclones tend to form in the
warm maritime air is occasionally disturbed by outbreaks of western Caribbean Sea or the eastern Gulf of Mexico and move
cold continental air from North America and by tropical cy- in a NW through NE direction. In both June and November an
clones. The cold outbreaks, or “northers,” occur during the average of two tropical cyclones, one of which reaches hurri-
winter months, usually in the Gulf of Mexico and the Bahama cane strength, can be expected every 3 years. In July, activity
Islands region. The tropical cyclones are most likely in late spreads E to the Windward Islands and four tropical cyclones
summer and fall and are a threat to the entire region. can be expected every 5 years. Storms have a tendency to move
Extratropical cyclones occasionally affect the N portions of into the Gulf of Mexico or recurve along the E coast of the
this region in winter. Many of these storms come to life in the United States. During August and the first half of September,
northern Gulf of Mexico and move NE or ENE into the Atlan- the breeding ground for storms lies between the West Indies
tic Ocean. The Bahama Islands region is occasionally troubled and Africa. During the latter part of September, it extends into
by these storms. the Caribbean Sea and the Gulf of Mexico. In August and Sep-
The Naval Research Laboratory Monterey, a corporate re- tember, about seven tropical cyclones develop; an average of
search laboratory for the United States Navy and Marine four of these reach hurricane strength. Early August tracks are
Corps, publishes port studies and forecaster handbooks that similar to those in July, while late August storms move on a
may be of use to the mariner. These publications can be ac- more W track in the lower latitudes and either continue into the
cessed at the Naval Research Laboratory web site. southern Gulf of Mexico or recurve over Puerto Rico and on
out into the mid-Atlantic Ocean. This is also true of many late
Naval Research Laboratory Monterey Home Page September storms. In early September many tropical cyclones
move ENE to N of Puerto Rico, where they either continue
http://www.nrlmry.navy.mil/pubs.htm through the Straits of Florida into the Gulf of Mexico or re-
curve NE into the mid-Atlantic Ocean. October activity de-
The Hurricane Haven Handbook North Atlantic contains increases to August levels of about two or three tropical
formation on the following ports: cyclones, of which one reaches hurricane intensity. Early in the
1. Cuba—Guantanamo Bay. month, storm development occurs just E of the West Indies and
Pub. 140
Caribbean Sea 145
in the western Caribbean Sea, while late activity is concentrat- ally remain well to the N, could bring even higher speeds. The
ed in the western Caribbean Sea. The mean tracks run W trades are strong enough and persistent enough that land-sea
across the southern Caribbean Sea, then NW to western Cuba, breezes are usually only modifying influences.
and either continue into the Gulf of Mexico or NE across Cuba Local influences and the land-sea breeze effect are more im-
and into the Atlantic Ocean. portant along the E coasts of Central America and Mexico,
which lie on the fringes of the Subtropical High. Winds here
General Winds are steadiest in spring and summer. Along the Central America
The trade winds that prevail over this region originate in the coasts E and NE winds are common year round, except in the
clockwise circulation around the Subtropical High. In the sum- area of the Panama Canal, where NE and N winds are frequent.
mer when the high is strongest and most extensive, the trade Summer winds are the steadiest. East winds blow more than
winds are very persistent. They are mainly NE through E, ex- one-half the time and NE winds nearly one-half the time
cept in the Gulf of Mexico, on the W edge of the high, where around the Panama Canal. At most Central American ports, E
SE through S winds prevail. Although trade winds frequently winds prevail from April through July and, with the aid of the
reach 10 to 15 knots, summer gales occur less than 5 per cent sea breeze, blow up to 80 per cent of the time during the after-
of the time and are most often associated with a tropical storm noon. In the waters just north of the Panama Canal, winter
or hurricane. East and S of the Gulf of Mexico, the Northeast winds reach speeds of 17 to 27 knots about 27 per cent of the
Trade Winds still prevail in winter. In the Gulf of Mexico, time, but gale-force winds are rare. Summer winds are weaker.
winds are variable, mostly from the E semicircle; N winds are Off Belize, summer winds are stronger and reach 17 to 27
frequent in the northern Gulf of Mexico, and NE through SE knots up to 20 per cent of the time compared to 13 per cent in
winds are common to the S. South of 30°N, these regimes are January. At Central American ports, average afternoon speeds
often penetrated by strong outbreaks of cold air from the N range from 12 to 16 knots compared to 8 to 10 knots in the
known as “northers.” morning. Hurricanes have been responsible for winds of 150
“Northers” penetrate as far south as the Caribbean coast of knots along these coasts N of Costa Rica.
Colombia. They often result in gales in the northern Gulf of Along the E coast of Mexico, winds are most variable in
Mexico; squalls of gale force may occasionally occur along the winter, when NW through SE winds are common. Winds blow
SW shore of Bahia de Campeche. Gales do not usually reach at 17 to 27 knots about 20 per cent of the time in winter. Gales
the Caribbean Sea, although “northers” may reinforce the trade are infrequent except from Coatzacoalcos to Tampico, where
winds enough to cause gales along the Colombian coast. they blow from 4 to 9 per cent of the time. In summer, NE
In the waters around Bermuda, winds are steadiest in sum- through SE winds prevail. E winds blow 40 to 50 per cent of
mer, when S through SW winds are common. Gales are rare. the time E of Coatzacoalcos. Winds reach 17 to 27 knots about
Northeast and E winds are also frequent in a variable fall wind 5 to 15 per cent of the time. Gales occur in rare tropical cy-
regime. From December through April, winds are mostly from clones. Wind speeds have exceeded 100 knots in both hurri-
the SW through NW; N and S winds are also common. During canes and “northers.”
this period gales blow 3 to 8 per cent of the time; January and In the West Indies and southeastern Bahamas, trade winds
February are the roughest months. dominate throughout the year. In the northwestern Bahamas,
winds are also under the influence of extratropical systems in
Coastal and Local Winds winter. In general, winter winds are more variable. Northeast
The trade winds prevail along most coasts, particularly in through E winds blow about 70 to 85 per cent of the time at av-
summer. Winter winds are sometimes interrupted by weather erage speeds of 10 to 14 knots; in the northwestern Bahamas,
systems from higher latitudes. These interruptions are most NE through SE winds prevail. Gales blow less than 1 per cent
frequent in the Bahamas and the Gulf of Mexico. When the cir- of the time and wind speeds of 28 knots or more occur up to 5
culation is weak, the land-sea breeze effect is noticeable. This per cent of the time. These speeds are most likely off Haiti and
effect often results in a weakening or strengthening and per- Cuba and in the northwestern Bahamas. In summer, the trade
haps a deflection of the prevailing flow. On windward coasts, winds are even more persistent. East winds blow 60 to 80 per
the sea breeze reinforces the trade winds, usually NE through cent of the time while NE or SE winds are secondary and occur
SW winds, while on leeward coasts it opposes and diminishes about 15 to 25 per cent of the time. Gales are rare and wind
this flow. speeds average 10 to 15 knots with some diurnal variations.
From Cabo Orange to Trinidad, trade winds blow from the Winds of 28 knots or more usually occur less than 1 per cent of
NE through E; they are steadiest and strongest in winter when the time; S of Haiti they occur 2 to 3 per cent of the time. Ex-
afternoon wind speeds often reach 15 to 20 knots. Gale force cept during tropical cyclones, brief squalls, and northers, wind
winds are unlikely more than once a year, occurring in a thun- speeds remain below gale force. “Northers” are most likely in
derstorm or a rare tropical cyclone. Along the Caribbean coast winter and most frequent in the Bahamas and Cuba, where
of Venezuela and Colombia and on the offshore islands, E gales blow on 1 or 2 days during the winter season (November
winds are common in winter and prevalent in summer; NE through April).
winds are secondary winds. Winter winds are strongest, with The winds around Bermuda, which lies between the trade re-
average speeds ranging from 8 to 12 knots in the morning to 12 gime and the westerlies, are variable. Winter winds blowout of
to 14 knots during the afternoon. Along the Colombian coast, the S through NW. Wind speeds average 12 to 14 knots on the
trade winds reinforced by “northers” result in gales blowing 3 island and in waters to the S, and range up to 17 to 18 knots
to 4 per cent of the time from January through March. Else- north of Bermuda. Gales blow 3 to 8 per cent of the time and
where these winds reach 20 to 25 knots. Extreme winds have are most likely N of the island. Summer winds are steadier and
reached 50 knots along these coasts and hurricanes, which usu- blow out of the S through SW about 60 per cent of the time at
Pub. 140
146 Caribbean Sea
average speeds of 8 to 10 knots. Southeast and W winds are al- shores. The diurnal range of both is usually greater than any
so common. Gales are rare. seasonal fluctuation. Warm and humid are the general condi-
tions. During the year average daytime high temperatures
Waterspouts range from the upper 20s (°C) to the low 30s (°C), while night-
In the SW part of the North Atlantic Ocean, waterspouts are time lows range from the upper teens (°C) to low 20s (°C). Ex-
usually either tornadoes that have moved off the coast or ones cept for Colombia, September and October are usually the
that have formed over water. Usually the land tornado is more hottest and driest months, although humidities remain near 80
severe. They are most likely to occur along the shores of the per cent. Along the Colombian coast, July and August are usu-
Gulf of Mexico and the Bahamas, where 20 to 30 have been re- ally warmest. Extreme temperatures range from lows in the up-
ported in every 10,000 marine observations. In general, in the per teens (°C) to highs around 37.8°C.
Caribbean Sea region, 5 to 10 waterspouts per 10,000 observa- In general, relative humidities on exposed coasts will rise to
tions is average. near 90 per cent at night and drop to the 70 per cent range
during the afternoon. Sheltered ports show much more diurnal
North Coast of South America variability in both temperature and relative humidity.
Dry and rainy seasons, abundant cloudiness, and warm hu-
mid days are characteristic of conditions along these shores. Central America
South of Trinidad, the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) The ITCZ, “northers,” E waves, tropical cyclones, and the
is the controlling factor, while systems from the United States windward position of these coasts are responsible for the abun-
are an additional influence along the N coasts. Showers are dant rainfall and cloudiness found on the shores.
more likely over the ocean at night and along the coasts in the The rainy cloudy season generally runs from about May
afternoon. through December. Average annual rainfall amounts range
From Cabo Orange to Trinidad, showers in the ITCZ are re- from about 2,030 to 6,100mm. These amounts are variable
sponsible for most of the 1,775 to 3,800mm of rain that falls from year to year. Annual totals of as little as 3,810mm to as
along these coasts. Along the French Guiana coast, the rainy much as 7,620mm have fallen along the southern Nicaragua-
season runs from winter through early summer, while fall is northern Costa Rica coast where precipitation is normally
dry. To the N, the start of the rainy season is delayed until late heaviest. Along the N coast of Belize, where average amounts
spring, when the ITCZ begins its N movement; a secondary run 1,270 to 2,030mm, totals of more than 2,540mm and less
rainy season is the fall when it is moving S again. Along this than 1,015mm have been recorded. During the rainy season,
entire coast, late spring or early summer is the rainiest time, precipitation, mostly in the form of heavy showers, can be ex-
when 255 to 405mm of precipitation occur on 15 to 30 days per pected on 15 to 20 days per month along the coasts of Belize,
month. Thunderstorms are most likely in spring and summer Guatemala, and northern Honduras. This increases to 18 to 27
and can occur on up to 5 to 10 days per month. They are often days per month to the S. Thunderstorms are frequent and most
responsible for heavy rains, which may total 100mm in 24 likely from June through October, when they occur on 10 to 20
hours, or 150 to 175mm in rare occurrences. days per month around the Panama Canal; they are almost as
Rainfall decreases to an average of 380 to 1,010mm annually frequent along the NE coast of Honduras. Elsewhere they oc-
along the Venezuela-Colombia coast. The driest region is on cur on less than 10 days per month. Heavy showers are com-
the Peninsula de Paraguana in the Gulf of Venezuela; here at mon along these coasts and more than 405mm of rain has
Las Piedras less than 50mm accumulates each year. The rainy fallen in a 24-hour period.
season runs from May through December and is the product of The rainy season is also the cloudy season. Along the coasts
the N reaches of the ITCZ and the S extent of cold air surges of Belize, Guatemala, and northern Honduras from June
from the United States. When either of these two factors is through October, overcast conditions (sky cover equal to or
more active than normal, monthly amounts can double or triple greater than 2/8) occur on about 18 to 24 days per month; the
along these shores. On the average, the rainiest time is between least cloudy time is March and April when skies are overcast
September and December, when 100 to 255mm per month can on about 6 to 8 days per month. To the S, skies are overcast on
be expected on 5 to 12 days per month. Summer showers often 15 to 31 days per month from May through December; June,
cause more rainy days but less rain. Thunderstorms occur on 2 July, and August are usually the cloudiest when almost every
to 13 days per month from May through November; September day is overcast at some time. Cloudiness is particularly abun-
and October are the most active months. dant along the coasts of Costa Rica and Panama. Late winter
Cloudiness is frequent year round on these coasts, while and early spring are the least cloudy times; overcast skies occur
poor visibilities are infrequent. South of Trinidad, December on 5 to 12 days per month.
through May is the cloudiest time, when overcast conditions Visibilities are usually good. They drop below 2 miles only
(cloud cover equal to or greater than 2/8) appear on 6 to 12 infrequently in early morning fog, heavy showers, haze, and
days per month, while clear skies (cloud cover equal to or less smoke. Along some coasts there are many days with haze,
than 2/8) are rare. March through November is the cloudiest which is caused by the abundance of tiny sea-salt particles. It is
time along the N coasts of Colombia and Venezuela, where most apparent in the daytime, but only infrequently reduces
overcast skies are observed on up to 18 to 28 days per month. visibilities to less than 6 miles. Poor visibilities are most likely
Visibilities are usually excellent along these coasts. They drop to occur during the rainy season in heavy showers, so they are
to near zero briefly in heavy showers and to less than 1 mile on likely for a brief period every day or two.
less than 5 days annually in fog; this is most likely in the rainy Temperatures and relative humidities vary more during the
season. day than they do during the year. January is usually the coolest
Temperatures and humidities are fairly constant along these time of the year, while spring and early fall are the warmest
Pub. 140
Caribbean Sea 147
and spring often the driest. Average daily maximums are usual- cent) during summer afternoons and the mid 60s (per cent)
ly in the upper 20s (°C) in winter and the low 30s (°C) from during winter afternoons. Similar diurnal variations occur to
spring through fall. During this time, temperatures get above the S, but to a lesser degree. Along the shores of Bahia de
32.2°C on 10 to 25 days per month N of Cabo Gracias a Dios, Campeche and on the E coast of Yucatan, humidities are often
but on only 1 to 10 days per month to the S. Mean daily mini- highest in summer and early fall, when averages reach the up-
mum temperatures range from the upper teens (°C) to low 20s per 80s (per cent).
(°C). Extremes range from near 37.8°C down to the low to up-
per teens (°C), except on the coast of Belize, where tempera- Caribbean Islands
tures have fallen to the upper single digits (°C) in winter. Most of these islands are mountainous, with the exceptions
Relative humidities reach the 80 and 90 per cent range of Bermuda, the Bahamas, and the E fringe of the Lesser Antil-
during the early morning hours throughout the year; the highest les. The islands differ widely in physical characteristics and to
humidities often occur in fall and winter, with the lowest hu- a lesser extent in climate. Despite the fact that climate varies
midities occurring in spring. During the afternoons, relative with altitude and exposure, tropical or semi-tropical conditions
humidities fall into the 70 per cent range; in the S, some sum- exist throughout. With the exception of Bermuda, the area is
mer readings fall only to the low 80s (per cent). dominated by trade winds, which make the high temperatures
and humidities bearable. Rain comes mostly in the form of sea-
Gulf Coast of Mexico sonal showers that are the result of the trade winds, E waves,
This coastal region is swept by prevailing moist onshore tropical cyclones, and extratropical systems from the N. Visi-
winds year round. It is characterized by high humidity, moder- bilities are usually good.
ate to large annual rainfall totals, and considerable cloudiness. In the N islands there are often two rainy seasons, but this
Temperatures are high and winter temperatures remain mild. varies from island to island and even on the same island. In the
There are noticeable differences in climate from N to S. Lesser Antilles, the rainy season usually runs from April or
Precipitation is the result of onshore winds, E waves, tropical May through December. Showers often occur during the after-
cyclone activity, and frontal systems from the N. The rainiest noon on the coast and are sometimes heavy. Over open waters
area is along the S shore of Bahia de Campeche, where Coa- they are more likely at night or in the early morning hours and
tzacoalcos records an annual average of 2,925mm. Amounts are seldom heavy or prolonged.
decrease N to about 760mm around Brownsville and S to Temperatures are remarkably uniform as monthly averages
460mm at Progreso. Most of the rain falls from May through range from about 21.1°C to 29.4°C, except for Bermuda, where
November. It occurs on 10 to 20 days per month from June it gets a little cooler in winter (about 17.2°C). Places exposed
through October between Tampico and Chetumal, in the lower to the trades are cooler and more pleasant than those to the lee-
part of Yucatan. Thunderstorms occur on about 2 to 6 days per ward.
month from May through October along the entire coast. From Relative humidities are high, averaging around 70 to 80 per
about Tampico N, November through March is the cloudiest cent for the year. Since it varies with temperature, relative hu-
time, while farther S the summer and fall months are cloudiest. midity is usually highest just before sunrise, around 85 to 90
Visibilities are generally good. However, N of Coatzacoalcos per cent, and lowest in the afternoon, around 60 to 70 per cent.
fog drops visibilities to less than 0.5 mile up to 1 to 2 per cent While cloudiness is abundant in this area, usually neither
of the time in winter and on 50 to 80 days annually. These poor completely cloudy skies nor completely clear skies persist for
visibilities are most likely during the morning hours. Heavy an entire day. Average amounts range from 4/10 to 6/10; the
showers during the rainy season can also reduce visibilities to cloudiest periods usually coincide with rainy seasons.
this level for a short period.
The temperatures along this coast show a real difference Bermuda
from N to S. For example, the average daily maximum tem- Bermuda has the most changeable climate of all the island
perature at Brownsville varies -4.4°C from winter to summer groups. The surrounding sea is its controlling feature, as there
compared to -13.3°C at Chetumal. This changeover is gradual are no topographic effects.
from N to S. East of Veracruz, the more tropical regime is ap- During the winter, maximum temperatures are in the upper
parent. Coldest temperatures still occur in January. Average teens (°C), while in summer they climb to around 29.4°C.
daytime readings are in the low to upper 20s (°C), while night- Mean minimum temperatures are about 6°C lower than the
time lows vary from the upper teens to low 20s (°C). Highest maximums. The Gulf Stream protects Bermuda somewhat
temperatures usually occur in the late spring or early summer, from extremely cold or hot outbreaks from the United States.
reaching the upper 20s to low 30s (°C) during the day and fall- Extremes range from 37.2°C to 4.4°C; this compares to 40.6°C
ing to the low 20s (°C) at night. Extremes range from around and -8.9°C extremes at Savannah.
37.8°C down to 10.0°C. Along the N coast, January daytime The average annual rainfall of 1,140 to 1,400mm is well dis-
temperatures range from the upper teens to low 20s (°C), with tributed throughout the year.
nighttime lows in the low teens (°C). August is usually the hot- Relative humidities run in the 70 to 80 per cent range in all
test time of the year, with daytime highs in the low 30s (°C) months.
and nighttime lows in the low 20s (°C). Extremes range from
over 37.8°C down to as low as -11.1°C at Brownsville. Howev- Bahamas
er, freezing temperatures are restricted to N of Tampico. Topographic effects are slight since the islands are small and
Relative humidities are fairly high year round. For example, low.
at Brownsville in the morning relative humidities range from During the winter, average daily maximums range from the
the mid 80s to low 90s (per cent), dropping off to mid 50s (per low 20s (°C) in the NW to around 26.7°C in the SE, while
Pub. 140
148 Caribbean Sea
nighttime lows usually drop to the upper teens (°C). Summer slopes of the NE part of the island. Winter and mid-summer are
daytime temperatures often climb to near 32.2°C while falling the dry seasons, while the rainy seasons occur in May and June
to the mid 20s (°C) at night. Extremes of 35.0°C and 3.3°C and again from August to November.
have occurred. Relative humidities range from the mid 80s to low 90s (per
In general, rainfall decreases and temperatures increase from cent) in the early morning to the 60 per cent range during the
NW to SE. In the NE, an average of 100 to 175mm of rain falls afternoon.
on 10 to 17 days per month from May through October.The
rainiest season in the SE is September through November, Puerto Rico
when 75 to 125mm falls on 10 to 14 days per month on the av- Average daily and annual temperature ranges are small along
erage. the coasts of Puerto Rico. Average winter daytime tempera-
Relative humidities show little monthly variation, but range tures are in the upper 20s (°C), while nighttime lows fall into
from 75 to 85 per cent at night down to the 65 to 75 per cent the upper teens to low 20s (°C). During the summer and early
during the afternoon. fall, daytime highs usually climb to near the 32°C mark, while
nighttime lows fall into the low 20s (°C).
Cuba The island’s topography most affects rainfall. Most rain falls
Cuba exerts a definite topographic influence upon the tropi- on the N and E slopes of the mountain range that extends E to
cal marine climate. Average daily maximums are generally W across the S central part of the island. Average annual coast-
above 26.7°C, climbing to near 32.2°C during the summer al amounts range from 890 to 1,780mm. The smallest amounts
months at some locations. Average daily minimums range from are generally found along the S coast while the largest amounts
21.1° to 23.9°C in summer and 16.7° to 21.1°C in winter. are found on the N coast. In general, precipitation is greatest in
Along the coast precipitation averages range from about October and November with a secondary maximum in May.
1,015 to 1,140mm annually; the S coast is slightly less rainy February and March are the driest months.
than the N. Western Cuba has one dry season between Novem- Relative humidities are usually in the 80 per cent range in the
ber and April and a rainy one from May through October. East- early morning and the 60 to 70 per cent range during the after-
ern Cuba has two dry periods around February or March and noon.
again around July, and two rainy seasons, from April to June Showers are about the only detriment to good visibilities.
and from September to December.
The average relative humidity is about 75 per cent, ranging Leeward Islands
from 85 to 90 per cent at sunrise down to 60 to 65 per cent Average daily maximum temperatures during January
during the warmest part of the day. through March are in the upper 20s (°C), while mean daily
Fog is uncommon, occurring on 1 or 2 days per month in late minimums are in the low 20s (°C). During the summer and ear-
winter or early spring. ly fall, the temperatures range from the low 20s to low 30s
(°C).
Hispaniola (Haiti and the Dominican Republic) The annual average rainfall is about 1,270 to 1,525mm, de-
This large island modifies temperature and rainfall. The N pending on exposure. Most rain occurs from September
coast, due to the trade winds, has a more typical maritime cli- through November, while February and March are the driest
mate than either the S or W coasts. On the S and W coasts aver- months. During the rainy season about 125 to 175mm fall on
age daily maximum temperatures range from 27.8° to 34.4°C 10 to 20 days per month.
throughout the year, compared to a 26.1° to 30.6°FC range Average relative humidity increases from 65 to 70 per cent in
along the N coast; also, the range between maximums and min- March up to 70 to 80 per cent by November.
imums is much smaller on the N coast.
Windward Islands, Barbados, Trinidad, and Tobago
Rainfall varies considerably along the coasts. The driest lo- Average daily maximum temperatures range from the upper
calities on the W coast record about 505 to 635mm, reaching 20s to low 30s (°C) from January through March, and reach the
nearly 2,030mm per year in the NE. Along the S coast, rainfall 29° to 32°C range the rest of the year. Minimums are usually
is least at the center of the island, increasing to the E and W. 5.5° to 8.3°C cooler.
The rainy season is quite irregular, but December through Rainfall amounts, which vary with exposure and topography,
March are the driest months on the S and W coasts, while June range from 1,270mm on leeward slopes up to 2,540mm on
to August is the driest time on the N coast. some windward coasts. Maximum rainfall occurs between June
Relative humidities range from around 80 per cent around and November. February through April is usually the dry peri-
sunrise down to 70 per cent in the afternoon. od.
There are few visibility problems. Relative humidities, which are high year round, reach a peak
in summer and autumn, when early morning readings climb to
Jamaica near 90 per cent and afternoon readings drop to about 75 per
Although the island is relatively small, it is high, so its cli- cent.
mate is influenced by topography. At Kingston, the average
daily maximum is always above 29.4°C; it reaches 32.2°C in Currents
July and August. Average daily minimums range from 19.4°C
in January and February to 23.3°C in August. A part of the west-setting North Equatorial Current flows
Annual rainfall averages vary from around 760mm along the past the Lesser Antilles and through the Caribbean, and anoth-
lee coast to the S, to up to 255 to 510mm along the windward er part flows north of the Bahama Islands as the Antilles Cur-
Pub. 140
Caribbean Sea 149
rent. ly occur in the W and S parts of the gulf; these winds may
The Antilles Current is probably stronger, larger, and more induce a S current over the entire gulf.
persistent than previous descriptions have indicated. Generally, The Florida Current sets through the Straits of Florida from
the surface flow shows little seasonal variation in speed, direc- the Gulf of Mexico. In summer, the part of the surface current
tion, and size. The current originates in the vicinity of the Lee- S of 25°N moves farthest S; it flows at a mean speed of 2.0
ward Islands as part of the Atlantic North Equatorial Current. knots and a maximum speed of about 6.0 knots. The part of the
The frequency of set in the prevailing direction averages about current N of25°N shifts farther W of its mean position, flowing
55 per cent, the main surface speed being about 0.6 knot. at a mean speed of 2.9 knots and a maximum speed of 6.5
About 85 per cent of the observations are between 0.1 and 0.9 knots. In winter, the shift is in the opposite direction and the
knot, 10 per cent between 1.0 and 2.0 knots, and 1 per cent mean speeds are less by about 0.2 to 0.5 knot. The Florida Cur-
over 2.0 knots. The greatest seasonal change is likely to occur rent does not significantly change direction during the year, but
near the northern boundary of the Antilles Current. During its speed varies slightly from one season to another.
winter, when the Bermuda High migrates to its southernmost Fluctuations in current speed can occur under the influence
position, the N boundary of the current also moves S, and the of tide-producing forces, with maximum speed occurring daily
current tends to be more variable. about 9 hours before the upper or lower transit of the moon
The Caribbean Current is a strongly persistent and well-de- over the local meridian. The mean speed also appears to in-
fined current that sets W throughout the year; its mean speed is crease in some regions and to decrease in others after maxi-
0.9 knot and its maximum speed is about 3.5 knots. The high- mum N and S lunar declinations. The current in the Miami-Cat
est speeds occur in the axis of the current located in the S part Cay region is partly out of phase with astronomical forces;
of the Caribbean Sea, where speeds average 1.1 knots about 80 mean maximum speeds of 2.8 knots occur about 3 days after
per cent of the time. The speed of the current over Rosalind neap tides and mean maximum speeds slightly below 2.5 knot
Bank (16°30'N., 80°30'W.) is strong, averaging 1.2 knots; how- occur at spring tides.
ever, this region is not included in the main band of highest Strong currents can be expected in the entrances and chan-
speed, and the swift flow over the bank appears to be due to nels of the Leeward Islands and the Windward Islands leading
funneling of the slower prevailing flow from the E. The flow in to the Caribbean Sea.
the prevailing direction is very consistent, being located in a
steady trade wind region, and there is little variation between Fishing Areas
seasons. Because of the limiting topography of the region, the
Caribbean Current has the basic characteristic of a one-way The coastal waters and offshore banks of this region are rich
flow through a channel. Countercurrents may form along the fishing areas. Large numbers of fishing vessels, ranging in size
shores of the Caribbean; one of these, moving E along the from small canoes to large trawlers, may be encountered in this
coasts of Panama and Colombia, is strongest from August to area.
October, when it attains a maximum speed of 2 knots.
The Yucatan Current passes through Yucatan Strait between Navigational Information
18° and 26°N and has a predominant NNW set. It extends from
the Caribbean Sea N of Honduras to the N edge of Campeche Electronic Navigational Communications
Bank and toward the Mississippi Delta. The outstanding fea- For information on the International Maritime Satellite Or-
ture of this current is its W intensification, which occurs most ganization (INMARSAT), the Global Maritime Distress and
noticeably in the region of maximum current strength, about 40 Safety System (GMDSS(), the Global Positioning System
to 60 miles wide between about 21°N and 22°N. West of 86°W, (GPS), and SafetyNET, see North Atlantic Ocean—Naviga-
the current is strongest and most constant in April, May, and tional Information.
June and weakest during October, November, and December.
East of 86°W, the current is considerably weaker, with lessened International Ship and Port Facility (ISPS) Code
persistence in the prevailing direction. The strength of the Yu- The ISPS Code applies to ships on international voyages and
catan Current is practically independent of the width of the port facilities directly interfacing with these ships. All vessels
strait; its speed may vary at any time of the year. A number of should fully comply with the provisions of Chapter XI-Part 2
observations made in October, 1961 did not exceed 2.0 knots; of the SOLAS Convention and Part A of the ISPS Code. Ves-
in October, 1959, speeds as high as 4.0 knots were recorded. In sels shall demonstrate that appropriate maritime security mea-
May 1959, measurements 30 miles north of the strait showed sures are in place according to ISPS Code regulations. For
surface current speeds of about 3.5 knots; but 12 days later the further information, see North Atlantic Ocean—Navigation-
speed had decreased to only about 1.0 knot. al Information.
When the Yucatan Current is strong, the core is narrow and
farther W, being located close to the 183 curve. When it is Automatic Identification System (AIS) Aids to Navigation
weakest, during winter, the core is broader and lies 10 to 20 (ATON)
miles E of the 183m curve. The current is about 65 miles wide. For information, see North Atlantic Ocean—Navigational
Clockwise eddies occur about 60 miles N and S of the W tip of Information.
Cuba. Eddies are also observed on the E edge of Banco de
Campeche. Enroute Volumes
After passing through Yucatan Channel, the current widens Pub. 147, Sailing Directions (Enroute) Caribbean Sea
and branches out as it enters the Gulf of Mexico. During win- Volume 1.
ter, strong N winds intensify the countercurrents that frequent- Pub. 148, Sailing Directions (Enroute) Caribbean Sea Vol-
Pub. 140
150 Caribbean Sea
ume 2. CEC) can be found in North Atlantic Ocean—Regulations.
Pollution Ship Reporting System

Single-hull Tanker Phase-out Schedule CARICOM (Caribbean Community) Advance Passenger
In accordance with Regulation 13G of Annex I of the MAR- Information System (APIS)
POL Convention, single-hull tankers should be phased out or CARICOM APIS is a mandatory reporting system providing
converted to a double-hull configuration according to a sched- Advance Passenger Information (API) about passengers and
ule based on their year of delivery. These requirements are de- crew to the Joint Regional Communications Center (JRCC)
signed to reduce the risk of oil spills from tankers involved in Barbados for vessels bound for or departing from a port in the
low-energy collisions or groundings. For further information, following participating CARICOM member states:
see North Atlantic Ocean—Pollution—Single Hull Tanker 1. Antigua and Barbuda.
Phase-out Schedule. 2. Barbados.
3. Dominica.
Ballast Water Management 4. Grenada.
International guidelines have been adopted by the IMO to 5. Guyana.
prevent the introduction of unwanted aquatic organisms and 6. Jamaica.
pathogens from ships’ ballast water and sediment discharge in- 7. St. Kitts and Nevis.
to marine ecosystems. The guidelines include the retention of 8. St. Lucia.
ballast water on board, ballast exchange at sea, ballast manage- 9. St. Vincent and the Grenadines.
ment aimed at preventing or minimizing the uptake of contam- 10. Trinidad and Tobago.
inated water or sediment, and the discharge of ballast ashore. The JRCC Barbados has been selected by the governments
Particular attention is drawn to the hazards associated with bal- of the participating CARICOM states as the agent for collect-
last exchange at sea. For further information, see North Atlan- ing and collating data from arriving and departing vessels and
tic Ocean—Pollution—Ballast Water Management. can be contacted, as follows:
1. Telephone: 1-246-4297931 (Maritime)
MARPOL Special Areas 1-246-4354659 (eAPIS)
MARPOL Special Areas are sea areas where special manda- 2. Facsimile: 1-246-2284040
tory methods for the prevention of oil pollution in the sea have 3. E-mail: [email protected]
been adopted. 4. Web site: http://www.impacsjrcc.org
The Wider Caribbean Region, consisting of the sea area of The Electronic Advance Passenger Information Service (eA-
the Gulf of Mexico and the Caribbean Sea including the bays PIS) is a web-based application that provides a means of up-
and seas therein and that portion of the Atlantic Ocean within loading and transmitting passenger and crew information.
the boundary constituted by latitude 30°00'N from Florida E to Further details and downloadable forms can be obtained from
longitude 77°30'W; then by a rhumb line to position 7°20'N, CARICOM Advance Passenger Information System web site.
50°00'W; then by a rhumb line to position 7°20'N, 50°00'W; Failure to provide these reports may result in heavy fines and/
and then by a rhumb line leading SW to the E boundary of or prosecution.
French Guiana, is a MARPOL Special Area. Arriving vessels should submit an API, as follows:
For further information, see North Atlantic Ocean—Pollu- 1. Vessels arriving from a port outside of the CARICOM
tion—MARPOL Special Areas. area—Not less than 24 hours prior to arrival.
2. Vessels arriving from a port within the CARICOM ar-
Sulphur Emission Control Areas ea—Not less than 1 hour prior to arrival.
Sulphur Emission Control Areas (SECA) are areas where Departing vessels should submit an API, as follows:
special controls are in effect to reduce sulphur oxide (SOx) 1. Vessels departing for a port outside of the CARICOM
emissions from ships. The Gulf of Mexico coast of the United area—Not more than 15 minutes after departure.
States is part of the North American Emission Control Area. 2. Vessels departing for a port within the CARICOM ar-
The sea area located off the Atlantic coast and the Caribbean ea—Not less than 1 hour prior to arrival at that port.
coast of Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands is part of the
United States Caribbean Emission Control Area. CARICOM Advance Passenger Information System
The North American Emission Control Area became effec- Home Page
tive on 1 August 2012. The United States Caribbean Emission
Control Area became effective on 1 January 2014. http://www.caricomapis.org
For further information, see North Sea and the English
Channel—Pollution—Sulphur Emission Control Areas. SURNAV
The SURNAV system is intended to prevent accidental pol-
Regulations lution in the territorial waters of Guadeloupe and Martinique as
well as in the waters within 50 miles of the coast of Guade-
Ship Sanitation Control Certificates loupe and Martinique.
Information concerning Ship Sanitation Control Certificates For further information, see Martinique—Ship Reporting
(SSC) and Ship Sanitation Control Exemption Certificates (SS- System
Pub. 140
Caribbean Sea 151
Signals al storm warning signals, see North Atlantic Ocean—Appen-

dix IV—International Port Traffic Signals and Visual
For information on international port traffic signals and visu- Storm Warning Signals.
Pub. 140
153
CAYMAN ISLANDS
General 153 Cautions

Buoyage System 153
Cautions 153 Marine Parks
Currency 153 Marine parks have been established around the coasts of
Government 154 Grand Cayman and Little Cayman. Regulations, including an-
Holidays 154 choring restrictions, have been implemented to protect the cor-
Industries 154 al reefs. A brochure containing a summary of these regulations
Languages 154 has been issued by the Cayman Islands Department of Envi-
Navigational Information 154 ronment and can be accessed from their web site (http://
Regulations 154 www.doe.ky/information/brochures).
Time Zone 154 Additional information and the most recent regulations can
U.S. Embassy 154 be obtained from the Department of Environment, as follows:
1. Telephone: 1-345-949-8649
General 2. E-mail: [email protected]
3. Web site: http://www.doe.ky
The Cayman Islands are three low-lying coral islands lying Caution should be exercised to avoid the 360 white public
WSW of Jamaica. Grand Cayman, about half of which is mooring buoys located around the islands in depths of 9 to
swamp, features a shallow reef-protected sound along its NW 24m.
part. Cayman Brac and Little Cayman, lying NE of Grand Cay-
man, are both wooded. Local Magnetic Anomaly
The climate is tropical maritime, with a cool season from A local magnetic anomaly, where the normal magnetic varia-
November to March. Hurricanes may be experienced between tion increased or decreased by as much as 5°, has been reported
July and November. to be located in the vicinity of position 18°54'N, 70°59'W.
Buoyage System Currency

The IALA Buoyage System (Region B) is in effect. See The official unit of currency is the Cayman Islands dollar,
Chart No. 1 for further IALA Buoyage System information. consisting of 100 cents.
Pub. 140
154 Cayman Islands
Government dad and Tobago, the United Kingdom, the Netherlands Antil-
les, and Japan.
Languages
Enroute Volume
ume 1.
Flag of the Cayman Islands
Maritime Claims
The Cayman Islands are a parliamentary democracy and a The maritime territorial claims of the Cayman Islands are, as
self-governing dependent overseas territory of the United follows:
Kingdom. It is divided into six districts.
Elizabeth II, recognized as the chief of state, appoints a Gov-
ernor. The Premier is appointed by the Governor. The 20-mem- Territorial Sea 12 miles.
ber unicameral Legislative Assembly consists of two appointed Fisheries or Economic 200 miles.
members and 18 directly-elected members, all serving 4-year Zone
terms.
The legal system is based on British common law and local Regulations
statutes.
The capital is Georgetown. Quarantine
The Pre-Arrival Notification Form should be sent at least 24
Holidays hours prior to arrival in the Cayman Islands. The form is an Ex-
cel spreadsheet; the spreadsheet and instructions on how to
The following holidays are observed: complete the form can be downloaded from the web site of the
Cayman Islands Port Authority (http://www.caymanport.com).
January 1 New Year’s Day The form should be e-mailed, as follows:
January 27 National Heroes Day 1. Port Security Officer: [email protected]
2. Immigration Office: [email protected]
Ash Wednesday Variable Vessels should contact Port Security on VHF channel 16
Good Friday Variable when within VHF range.
Easter Monday Variable
The Marine Unit of the Cayman Islands Police is responsible
Third Monday in May Discovery Day for coordinating search and rescue operations and can be con-
Whitsunday Variable tacted, as follows:
1. Telephone: 1-345-9499009
Whitmonday Variable
1-345-9497710
First Monday following the Queen’s Birthday 2. Facsimile: 1-345-9499133
second Saturday in June
First Monday in July Constitution Day Time Zone
November 11 Remembrance Day The Time Zone description is ROMEO (+5). Daylight Sav-
December 25 Christmas Day ings Time is not observed.
December 26 Boxing Day U.S. Embassy

Industries The Cayman Islands are a dependent territory of the United
Kingdom. There is no diplomatic representation.
The main industries are tourism, banking, insurance and fi- Consular services are provided through the U.S. Embassy in
nance, construction and construction materials, and furniture. Jamaica situated at 142 Old Hope Road, Kingston 6.
The main exports are turtle products and manufactured con- The mailing address is P.O. Box 541, Kingston, 5.
sumer goods. The main export-trading partner is the United
States. U. S. Embassy Jamaica Home Page
The main imports are manufactured goods. fuels, and food. http://jm.usembassy.gov
The main import-trading partners are the United States, Trini-
Pub. 140
155
COLOMBIA
General 155 destroyed, irregular, or unreliable.

Buoyage System 155 Caution is necessary, as the following obsolete navigational
Cautions 155 aids may still be found in Colombian waters:
Currency 156 1. Starboardhand buoys—Conical and usually painted
Government 156 red, but the upper part may be white. If numbered, they have
Holidays 156 even numbers; if lighted, they exhibit red lights.
Industries 156 2. Porthand buoys—Can-shaped and usually painted
Languages 156 black, but the upper part may be white. If numbered, they
Navigational Information 156 have odd numbers; if lighted, they exhibit white lights.
Pilotage 156 3. Quick flashing lights—Usually exhibited in positions
Pollution 157 where special attention is called for, such as at bends in a
Regulations 157 channel.
Search and Rescue 157 4. Mid-channel buoys—May be either conical or can
Submarine Operating Areas 158 shaped and are painted in black and white stripes. If lighted,
Time Zone 158 they exhibit green lights.
U.S. Embassy 158 5. Middle ground buoys—May be either conical or can-
shaped and are painted in black and white bands. If the up-
General permost band is red, the vessel will continue in the main
channel by passing the buoy to starboard; if the uppermost
Colombia is located in northern South America. The country band is black, the vessel will continue in the main channel by
borders the Caribbean Sea between Panama and Venezuela, passing the buoy to port. If lighted, they exhibit interrupted
and the North Pacific Ocean between Ecuador and Panama. quick flashing green lights.
The climate is tropical along the coast and eastern plains, be- 6. Anchorage buoys—Painted white.
coming cooler in the highlands. 7. Dredged area buoys—Painted white, with the upper
The terrain is flat coastal lowlands, central highlands, high part painted green.
interior Andes Mountains, and eastern lowland plains. 8. Fishing ground buoys—Painted in black and white
bands.
Buoyage System
Cautions
The IALA Buoyage System (Region B) is in effect. See
Chart No. 1 for further IALA Buoyage System information. Drilling platforms and drill rigs are found off the coast of
Many lights have been reported as extinguished, damaged, Colombia.
Pub. 140
156 Colombia
Piracy incidents have been reported (2006) in Barranquilla. November 1 All Saints’ Day
Currency November 11 * Cartagena

Independence Day
The official unit of currency is the Colombian peso, consist- December 8 Immaculate Conception
ing of 100 centavos.
Government * If the holiday does not fall on a Monday, it is

celebrated on the following Monday.
Industries
The main industries include textiles, food processing, oil,
clothing and footwear, beverages, chemicals, cement, and min-
ing (gold, coal, and emeralds).
The main exports are petroleum, coffee, coal, nickel, emer-
alds, clothing, bananas, and cut flowers. The main export-trad-
ing partners are the United States, Panama, China, Spain, and
Ecuador.
The main imports are industrial equipment, transportation
equipment, consumer goods, chemicals, paper products, fuels,
Flag of Colombia and electricity. The main import-trading partners are the Unit-
ed States, China, and Mexico.
Colombia is a constitutional republic in which the executive
branch dominates the government structure. The country is di- Languages
vided into 32 departments and one capital district.
Colombia is governed by a directly-elected President who Spanish is the official language.
serves a 4-year term. The Cabinet is appointed by the Presi-
dent. The bicameral Congress is composed of a 102-member Navigational Information
Senate and a 166-member House of Representatives. Members
of both houses are directly elected to serve 4-year terms. Enroute Volumes
The legal system is based on Spanish law and a criminal Pub. 125, Sailing Directions (Enroute) West Coast of South
code modeled after United States procedures. America.
The capital is Bogota. Pub. 148, Sailing Directions (Enroute) Caribbean Sea Vol-
ume 2.
Holidays
Maritime Claims
The following holidays are observed: The maritime territorial claims of Colombia are, as follows:
January 1 New Year’s Day Territorial Sea * 12 miles.

January 6 * Feast of the Epiphany Contiguous Zone 24 miles.
March 19 * St. Joseph Day Fisheries or Economic 200 miles.
Holy Thursday Variable Zone
Good Friday Variable Continental Shelf 200 miles.
Easter Sunday Variable * Claims straight baselines.
May 1 Labor Day
Ascension Day Variable Dispute with Nicaragua over using the 82°W meridian as the
Corpus Christi Variable maritime boundary.
Colombia, Honduras, Nicaragua, Jamaica, and the United
Feast of the Sacred Heart Variable States assert various claims to Bajo Nuevo and Serranilla
June 29 * St. Peter and St. Paul Bank.
Maritime boundary dispute in the Gulf of Venezuela with
July 20 Independence Day Venezuela.
August 7 Battle of Boyaca
August 15 Assumption Day Pilotage
October 12 * Dia de la Raza Pilotage is compulsory for all vessels exceeding 250 nrt and
Pub. 140
Colombia 157
must be requested 48 hours in advance. Vessels carrying dangerous cargo must notify the port,
through their agent, 48 hours in advance, giving the details of
Pollution packing and stowage, as well as whether the cargo is in transit
or will be off-loaded in the port.
Vessels may not clean tanks within 60 miles of the coast of
Colombia. A vessel arriving at a port with dirty ballast will be Berthing
ordered to proceed to sea beyond the 60-mile limit and take on Berthing priority in Colombian ports is, as follows:
clean ballast. 1. Warships.
2. Passenger and mail vessels running on a fixed sched-
Regulations ule.
3. Vessels carrying livestock and perishable cargo.
General 4. Passenger vessels not on a fixed schedule.
Within the territorial waters of Colombia, masters of vessels 5. Vessels loading cargo for export.
are liable to heavy fines, seizure of the vessel, or cancellation 6. Vessels discharging cargo for import.
of licenses if they: 7. Tankers.
1. Fail to obey the orders of the competent authorities re- 8. Coastal vessels.
garding departure and arrival at ports. 9. Vessels carrying explosives.
2. Moor at piers, off beaches, or off river banks where
this is not permitted by the authorities. Pratique
3. Alter their port of destination without permission. There is no radio pratique. No direct advice from the vessel
4. Unjustifiable delay passage between two ports. to the port authority is required; this advice should be passed to
5. Carry out unauthorized embarking or disembarking of the agent with the ETA message.
persons and loading or unloading of cargo.
6. Disobey instructions from military, naval, police, cus- Search and Rescue
toms, or port authorities.
7. Do not comply with the regulations of the competent Colombian Coast Guard stations maintain continuous listen-
authorities in force for maritime and river traffic. ing watches for distress traffic, as follows:
1. Atlantic coast—VHF channels 11 and 16.
ETA Messages 2. Pacific coast—VHF channels 16 and 68.
The vessel’s ETA should be sent 48 hours and 12 hours in Colombian Coast Guard stations can be contacted as listed in
advance through the agent. Any delay in the ETA should be the table titled Colombian Coast Guard—Contact Informa-
sent at least 6 hours in advance. tion.
Colombian Coast Guard—Contact Information

Station Telephone Facsimile E-mail
Caribbean Coast
Ballenas 57-5-6550316 — [email protected]
Barranquilla 57-5-3441428 ext. 206 — [email protected]
Cartagena 57-5-6550316 57-5-6550316 [email protected]
Covenas 57-5-6550316 — [email protected]
57-5-6550316
Puerto Bolivar 57-5-3506690 — [email protected]
57-5-3506631
San Andres 57-8-5132153 57-8-5132153 [email protected]
Santa Marta 57-5-4231666 57-5-4231608 [email protected]
Turbo 57-4-8275379 57-4-8275380 [email protected]
Pacific Coast
Centro de Opera-
ciones del Pacifi- 57-2-2460585 57-2-2460630 [email protected]
co (COPA)
57-2-2418864 [email protected]
Buenaventura 57-2-2424629
Pub. 140
158 Colombia
Submarine Operating Areas ings Time is not observed.
Submarine exercise areas are located, as follows:

1. Two areas lying 8 miles WNW and 17 miles WSW of U.S. Embassy
Bancos de Salmedina Light (10°22.7'N., 75°39.1'W.).
2. In an area on the S side of the approach to Cartagena, The U.S. Embassy is situated at Calle 24 bis, No. 48-50 Bo-
between Isla del Tesoro (10°14.1'N., 75°44.3'E.) and Punta gota.
Gigantes, 7 miles NE. The mailing address is Carrera 45, #24B-27, Bogota, D.C.
Time Zone U. S. Embassy Colombia Home Page

http://bogota.usembassy.gov
Pub. 140
159
COSTA RICA
General 159 Currency

Buoyage System 159
Currency 159 The official unit of currency is the Costa Rican colon, con-
Fishing Areas 159 sisting of 100 centimos.
Government 159
Holidays 160 Fishing Areas
Industries 160
Languages 160 The coastal areas on the Caribbean Sea coast are extensively
Meteorology 160 fished by local vessels working out of small harbors and rivers.
Navigational Information 160 Fishing vessels are also found on Miskito Bank (14°28'N.,
Regulations 160 82°42”W.).
Time Zone 161 Government
U.S. Embassy 161
General
Costa Rica is located in Central America, bordering the Ca-
ribbean Sea and the North Pacific Ocean, between Nicaragua
and Panama.
The climate is tropical, having its dry season from December
to April and its rainy season from May to November.
The terrain is primarily coastal plains separated by rugged
mountains.
Flag of Costa Rica

Buoyage System
Costa Rica is a democratic republic. The country is divided
The IALA Buoyage System (Region B) is in effect. See into seven provinces.
Chart No. 1 for further IALA Buoyage System information. Costa Rica is governed by a directly-elected President who
Many lights have been reported as extinguished, irregular, or serves for a 4-year term. The Cabinet is appointed by the Presi-
unreliable. dent. The unicameral Legislative Assembly is composed of 57
Pub. 140
160 Costa Rica
directly-elected members serving 4-year terms. Navigational Information
The legal system is based on Spanish civil law.
The capital is San Jose. Enroute Volumes
Holidays ume 2.
Pub. 153, Sailing Directions (Enroute) West Coasts of Mexi-
The following holidays are observed: co and Central America.
January 1 New Year’s Day Maritime Claims

The maritime territorial claims of Costa Rica are, as follows:
Mid April Juan Santamaria
(Anniversary of the
Battle of Rivas)
Holy Thursday Variable
Zone
Continental Shelf 200 miles or the Continen-
Easter Sunday Variable tal Margin.
May 1 Labor Day * Claims straight baselines.
Corpus Christi Variable
June 29 St. Peter and St. Paul
Legal dispute with Nicaragua over navigational rights on the
Late July Annexation of Guana- San Juan River.
caste
August 2 Our Lady of Los Angel- Regulations
es
No vessel is allowed to enter a Costa Rican port until visited
August 15 Assumption Day/Moth- by a Health Inspector, the Captain of the Port, and a Customs
er’s Day Officer.
September 15 Independence Day Vessels should send their ETA at their first Coast Rican port
as soon as possible after leaving its previous port and at least
October 12 Columbus Day/Dia de 72 hours in advance. Any changes of at least 1 hour in the ETA
la Raza should be reported at least 24 hours in advance. The initial
December 8 Immaculate Conception message should include the following information:
1. Vessel draft.
December 24 Christmas Eve 2. Cargo.
December 25 Christmas Day 3. Cargo consignees.
4. Vessel requirements.
December 28-31 Christmas Holiday
Search and Rescue
Industries
Puntarenas Coast Radio Station (TEC) maintains a continu-
The main industries are medical equipment, textiles and ous listening watch on VHF channel 16 for distress traffic.
clothing, construction materials, fertilizer, and plastic products. Maritime Rescue Coordination Center Costa Rica can be
The main exports are bananas, pineapples, coffee, melons, contacted, as follows:
ornamental plants, sugar, beef, seafood, electronic compo- 1. Telephone: 506-2286-4418
nents, and medical equipment. The main export-trading part- 506-2286-6880
ners are the United States, and China. 2. Facsimile: 506-2286-5813
The main imports are raw commodities, consumer goods, 3. E-mail: [email protected]
capital equipment, petroleum, and construction equipment. [email protected]
The main import-trading partners are the United States, China, [email protected]
and Mexico. Costa Rica is part of the Corporacion Centroamericana de
Servicios de Navegacion Aerea (COCESNA), the Central
Languages American aeronautical search and rescue network. Rescue
Sub-Center (RSC) Costa Rica works with RCC Centro Ameri-
Spanish is the official language. ca and can be contacted, as follows:
1. Telephone: 506-372-2043
Meteorology 506-368-3702
2. Facsimile: 506-443-8961
Marine weather bulletins are available in Spanish from the 3. E-mail: [email protected]
Instituto Meteorological Nacional (http://www.imn.ac.cr). [email protected]
Pub. 140
Costa Rica 161
Further information on COCESNA can be found in Hondu- The mailing addresses are, as follows:
ras—Search and Rescue. 1. Costa Rica address—
920-1200
Time Zone San Jose
The Time Zone description is SIERRA (+6). Daylight Sav- 2. U.S. address—
ings Time is not observed. U. S. Embassy San Jose
APO AA (34020)
U.S. Embassy
U. S. Embassy Costa Rica Home Page
The embassy is situated on Calle 98, Via 104, Pavas, San http://costarica.usembassy.gov
Jose.
Pub. 140
163
CROATIA
General 163 U.S. Embassy 168

Buoyage System 163 Vessel Traffic Service 168
Cautions 164
Currency 164 General
Firing Areas 164
Government 164 Croatia is located in southeastern Europe, bordering the
Holidays 164 Adriatic Sea between Bosnia and Herzegovina and Slovenia.
Industries 165 The climate is Mediterranean, and more predominately, con-
Languages 165 tinental, with hot summers and cold winters. Mild winters with
Meteorology 165 dry summers prevail along the coast.
Mined Areas 165 The terrain is geographically diverse. There are flat plains
Navigational Information 165 along the Hungarian border, low mountains, and highlands
Offshore Drilling 165 near the Adriatic coast. The W coast is fringed by off-lying is-
Pilotage 165 lands.
Pollution 166
Prohibited Areas 166 Buoyage System
Regulations 167
Search and Rescue 167 The IALA Buoyage System (Region A) is in effect. See
Ship Reporting System 168 Chart No. 1 for further IALA Buoyage System information.
Time Zone 168 Many lights and other aids to navigation in Croatian waters
Traffic Separation Schemes 168 are fitted with AIS transmitters.
Pub. 140
164 Croatia
Cautions P-7 (Lastovski Kanal)—Area bound by line joining the fol-

lowing positions:
Magnetic anomalies are located off the coast of Croatia, as a. 42°55'N, 17°06'E.
follows: b. 42°55'N, 17°12'E.
1. Between Stonski Kanal (42°47'N., 17°46'E.) and Split c. 42°47'N, 17°19'E.
(43°31'N., 16°26'E.). d. 42°43'N, 17°23'E.
2. Near the islands lying between Otocic Jabuka e. 42°43'N, 17°10'E.
(43°06'N., 15°28'E.) and Otok Vis, 26 miles E.
3. North of 44°00'N. P-8 (S of Otok Mljet)—Area bound by line joining the fol-
The anomalies in the N are less intense than those in the S. lowing positions:
a. 42°47'N, 17°l9'E.
Currency b. 42°41'N, 17°45'E.
c. 42°32'N, 17°42'E.
The official unit of currency is the kuna, consisting of 100 li- d. 42°37'N, 17°16'E.
pa.
P-9 (S of Boka Kotorska)—Area bound by line joining the
Firing Areas following positions:
a. 42°24'N, 18°31'E.
P-1 (SW of Rt Marlera)—Area bound by line joining the fol- b. 42°21'N, 18°42'E.
lowing positions: c. 42°09'N, 18°42'E.
a. 44°48'N, 14°00'E. d. 42°21'N, 18°22'E.
b. 44°42'N, 14°14'E.
c. 44°22'N, 14°06'E. P-10 (S of Luka Budva)—Area bound by line joining the fol-
d. 44°39'N, 13°40'E. lowing positions:
a. 42°16'N, 18°49'E.
P-2 (SW of Otok Losinj)—Area bound by line joining the b. 42°08'N, 19°02'E.
following positions: c. 42°00'N, 19°00'E.
a. 44°34'N, 14°22'E. d. 42°07'N, 18°46'E.
b. 44°25'N, 14°34'E.
c. 44°17'N, 14°22'E.
d. 44°24'N, 14°15'E. Government
P-3 (SW of Otok Premuda)—Area bound by line joining the

following positions:
a. 44°22'N, 14°35'E.
b. 44°12'N, 14°50'E.
c. 44°04'N, 14°35'E.
d. 44°15'N, 14°24'E.
P-4 (SW of Otok Vir)—Area bound by line joining the fol-

lowing positions:
a. 44°18'N, 15°02'E. Flag of Croatia
b. 44°10'N, 15°10'E.
c. 44°11'N, 15°02'E.
Croatia is a parliamentary democracy. The country is divided
d. 44°15'N, 14°56'E.
into 20 counties and one city.
Croatia is governed by a directly-elected President who
P-5 (SW of Otok Zirje)—Area bound by line joining the fol-
serves a renewable 5-year term. The Prime Minister is appoint-
lowing positions:
ed by the President. The unicameral Assembly is composed of
a. 43°41'N, 15°36'E.
151 directly-elected members serving 4-year terms.
b. 43°38'N, 15°45'E.
c. 43°35'N, 15°55'E.
The capital is Zagreb.
d. 43°30'N, 15°59'E.
e. 43°23'N, 15°44'E.
f. 43°34'N, 15°18'E. Holidays
P-6 (Korculanski Kanal)—Area bound by line joining the
a. 43°07'N, 16°49'E. January 1 New Year’s Day
b. 43°06'N, 16°59'E. January 6 Epiphany
c. 42°59'N, 16°59'E.
d. 42°59'N, 16°49'E. Easter Sunday Variable
Pub. 140
Croatia 165
Easter Monday Variable Navigational Information

May 1 Labor Day Enroute Volume
Corpus Christi Variable Pub. 132, Sailing Directions (Enroute) Eastern Mediterra-
nean.
June 22 Croatian Uprising Day
June 25 Croatian State Day Maritime Claims
The maritime territorial claims of Croatia are, as follows:
August 5 Patriotic Gratitude Day
August 15 Assumption Day Territorial Sea * 12 miles.
October 8 Independence Day Fisheries or Economic 200 miles.
November 1 All Saints’ Day Zone **
December 25 Christmas Day Continental Shelf Depth of 200m or the Limit
of Exploitation.
December 26 St. Stephen’s Day
* Claims straight baselines. Requires 24-hour advance
notification for innocent passage of warships in the
The ports of Rovenj, Sibenik, Split, and Zadar observe a hol- territorial sea. Prohibits more than three foreign warships
iday on May 30.
from transiting the territorial sea in innocent passage.
The ports of Hvar, Pula, Ploce-Kordeljevo, Rijeka, and Senj
observe a holiday on July 27. ** Established as an “ecological and fisheries protection
The port of Dubrovnik observes a holiday on August 15. zone.”

Industries A Croatia/Slovenia land and maritime boundary agreement,
which would have ceded most of Piranski Zaliv (Pirin Bay)
The main industries are chemicals and plastics, machine (45°30'N., 13°34'E.) and maritime access to Slovenia and sev-
tools, fabricated metal, electronics, pig iron and rolled steel eral village to Croatia, remains controversial, has not been rati-
products, aluminum, paper, wood products, construction mate- fied, and has been complicated by Croatia’s declaration of an
rials, textiles, shipbuilding, petroleum and petroleum refining, ecological fisheries zone in the Adriatic Sea.
food and beverage products, and tourism. Discussions continue with Bosnia-Herzogovina over several
The main exports are transport equipment, machinery, tex- small disputed sections of the boundary related to maritime ac-
tiles, chemicals, foodstuffs, and fuels and lubricants. The main cess that hinder final ratification of the 1999 border agreement.
export-trading partners are Italy, Slovenia, Germany, and Bos-
nia-Herzegovina. Offshore Drilling
The main imports are machinery, transport and electrical
equipment, chemicals, fuels and lubricants, and foodstuffs. The Vessels engaged in seismic surveys and other research proj-
main import-trading partners are Germany, Italy, Slovenia, ects may be encountered in the Adriatic Sea, normally inside
Austria, and Hungary. the 200m depth curve.
An oil field has been established 27 miles WSW of Pula
Languages (44°52'N., 13°51'E.).
Serbo-Croatian is the official language, which is spoken by Pilotage

96 per cent of the population.
Pilotage is compulsory for all foreign vessels exceeding 500
gt. Pilotage is also compulsory for vessels carrying hazardous
Meteorology cargo proceeding between Croatian ports and while in Croatian
waters. Certain vessels under 500 gt may be subject to pilotage
Marine forecasts for the Adriatic Sea are available in Croa- should the harbormaster’s office consider this necessary.
tian and English from the Croatian Meteorological and Hydro- The harbor authorities may be contacted 24 hours on VHF
logical Service (http://www.meteo.hr). channel 9. The pilot associations may be contacted 24 hours on
VHF channel 12.
Mined Areas Coastal pilotage is compulsory for all vessels carrying dan-
gerous liquid chemicals or bulk flammable liquid gas. Vessels
Anchoring and fishing are prohibited in an area 0.5 mile NW bound for ports open to international traffic should use coastal
of Otok Skrda Light (44°29'N., 14°51'E.) due to mines on the pilotage. Coastal pilotage should be requested 6 hours in ad-
sea bed. vance.
Pub. 140
166 Croatia
Pollution shore:
a. 42°24.5'N, 18°30.6'E.
Pollution Reporting b. 42°24.5'N, 18°30.7'E.
Vessels navigating or located in the internal waters, territori- 6. A sea belt in front of Sava Kovacevic ship repair yard
al sea, or ecological or fisheries protection zone of Croatia of Tivat, bounded by lines joining the following positions:
should contact MRCC Rijeka regarding any situation that a. 42°25.9'N, 18°41.8'E.
could result in the pollution of the sea or the coast. Reports b. 42°25.8'N, 18°41.4'E.
should be made when there is a discharge or the risk of dis- c. 42°26.2'N, 18°41.3'E.
charge of dangerous, harmful, or polluting material into the sea d. 42°26.4'N, 18°41.5'E.
and/or for any slick consisting of polluting materials, or for any 7. A sea belt, 300m wide, offshore of Otok Palagruza.
containers or packages floating in the sea. 8. A sea belt, 300m wide, along the S coast Otok Brac
The report should include the following information: from Rt Zastup to Uvala Farska, delimited by the following
1. Vessel name. points:
2. Call sign. a. 43°17.9'N, 16°27.5'E.
3. Position. b. 43°16.2'N, 16°32.4'E.
4. Departure port. 9. A sea area in the bay of Luka Budava, SW of a line,
5. Destination port. the outermost points of which on the shore are marked by
6. Number of persons on board. two pyramidal structures.
7. Details of the accident, incident, or event. 10. A sea area, 500m wide, offshore of Otok Goli.
8. The address from which additional information can be 11. The sea area around Brionski Otoci, bounded by lines
obtained on the dangerous and/or polluting cargo carried on joining the following positions:
board. a. 44°56.8'N, 13°42.6'E.
9. Preventative measures being undertaken to mitigate b. 44°54.9'N, 13°42.8'E.
the consequences of pollution. c. 44°53.1'N, 13°45.1'E.
10. Other information in accordance with IMO Resolu- d. 44°53.9'N, 13°46.7'E.
tion A.851(20), General Principles for Ship Reporting Sys- e. 44°54.5'N, 13°47.2'E.
tems and Reporting Requirements, including Guidelines for f. 44°55.5'N, 13°46.8'E.
Reporting Incidents Involving Dangerous Goods, Harmful g. 44°56.9'N, 13°44.7'E.
Substances, and/or Marine Pollutants. The following navigation prohibited areas have been estab-
MRCC Rijeka can be contacted on VHF channels 16 and 70 lished in Croatian waters:
or by telephone (see Search and Rescue). 1. Within 300m of three sections of the coast of Otok Vis:
a. Between 43°03.5'N, 16°03.8'E, on the shore, and
MARPOL Special Area 43°02.8'N, 16°03.8'E, on the shore, in the vicinity of Rt
The Mediterranean Sea has been designated as a MARPOL Barjak and including Otocici Barjak.
Special Area. MARPOL Special Areas are sea areas where b. Between 43°00.6'N, 16°04.6'E, on the shore, and
special mandatory methods for the prevention of oil pollution 43°00.4'N, 16°05.0'E, on the shore, in the vicinity of Rt
in the sea have been adopted. Stupisce.
Further information can be found in North Atlantic c. Between 43°02.4'N, 16°14.4'E, on the shore, and
Ocean—Pollution—MARPOL Special Areas. 43°03.9'N, 16°15.7'E, on the shore.
2. Uvala Stupica Mala and the channel between Rt Raso-
Prohibited Areas he and Otocic Mazirina.
3. A sea area, 500m wide, surrounding Rt Zecevo.
The following prohibited areas have been established in Cro- 4. Uvala Zagracina (44°08.2'N., 14°53.8'E.), Uvala Dum-
atian waters: boka (44°07.2'N., 14°16.0'E.), and Uvala Bukasin
1. A sea belt, 100m wide, along the N shore of Poluotok (44°06.6'N., 14°56.7'E.), on the NE coast of Dugi Otok.
Lustica peninsula, between Spiljice and Donji Krasici and 5. Within a 500m radius of Marinca Rat
between Rose and Rt Dobrac. 6. Within a radius of 500m of Rt Gruj, Goli Rat, Rt Razn-
2. A sea belt, 300m wide, along the N shore of Malo jic, and from position 42°43.2'N, 17°52.1'E.
More from Uvala Vodice to Rt Meded, delimited by the fol- 7. Through Novsko Zdrilo.
lowing shore points: 42°59.4'N, 17°28.5'E and 42°56.4'N, Prohibited areas for vessels greater than 500 gt, and for ves-
17°32.8'E. sels carrying dangerous substances, or which have not been
3. The sea area in the Stonski Kanal, within a line join- certified gas-free, have been established in the following areas:
ing Rt Blaca and Zuronja. 1. In Pamanski Kanal S of Rt Podvara (44°03'N.,
4. In two areas within 300m of that part of the coast of 15°18'E.).
Otok Lastovo from 42°45.3'N, 16°48.6'E, on the shore, to 2. In Kolocepski Kanal between Otok Kolocep (42°40'N.,
42°45.8'N, 16°49.4'E, on the shore, including the area within 18°01'E.) and Veliki Vratnik (42°45'N., 17°47'E.).
300m of the coast of Otok Mrara; and within 300m of that 3. In Peljeski Kanal between Rt Raznjic (42°55'N.,
part of the coast of Otok Lastovo from 42°43.8'N, 16°50.2'E, 17°12'E.) and Rt Osicac (43°01'N., 17°01'E.).
on the shore, to 42°44.0'N, 16°52.1'E, on the shore. 4. In the channels between Otok Kornat and Dugi Otok
5. A sea belt, 300m wide, along the shore of Poluotok on the W, and Otok Pasman and Otok Ugljan on the E, from
Prevlaka peninsula, bounded by the following points on the Otok Zirje (43°39'N., 15°40'E.) to Otok Molat (44°15'N.,
Pub. 140
Croatia 167
14°49'E.). 13. Ploce.

In exceptional circumstances and with a pilot embarked, ves- 14. Metkovic.
sels carrying oil may navigate in each of the prohibited areas 15. Korcula.
listed above between October 1 and March 31. 16. Dubrovnik.
The following Croatian ports are open to international traffic
Regulations on a seasonal basis (April 1 to October 31) only:
1. Umag (ACI Marina).
Navigational warnings and weather messages are broadcast 2. Novigrad (Istria).
in English from Bar, Dubrovnik, Split, and Rijeka. 3. Plominska Luka.
Vessels calling at Croatian harbors must give 24 hours notice 4. Kanegra.
of ETA through their agent or any Croatian coast radio station. 5. Sali.
At most of the major ports in Croatia, vessels are subject to 6. Bozava.
regulations, a copy of which should be obtained on arrival. 7. Primosten.
Special rules are in force for all foreign naval and surveying 8. Hvar.
vessels visiting Croatian coastal waters. 9. Stari Grad.
Vessels transiting this area should obtain a copy of The Inter- 10. Vela Luka.
national Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from 11. Ubli (Lastovo).
Ships, 1973, of which Annexes I, II, and V are mandatory, and 12. Vis.
III and IV are voluntary. 13. Komiza.
Annex I prohibits the discharge of any oil or oil mixtures in- 14. Cavtat.
to the Special Area.
Annex II is related to Noxious Liquid Substances in bulk. VHF Communications
Annex V regulates the disposal of garbage from ships and The main communications channel used to contact the port
contains special provisions for the applicable area. Any dis- administration is VHF channel 9.
charge of harmful waste material overboard, in Croatian wa- Harbormasters in each port can be contacted on VHF chan-
ters, should be reported to the closest port authority. nels 10, 16, and 70.
Dredges and other craft engaged in works in harbors, or in
much-frequented waters on the coasts of Croatia, where they Paris Memorandum of Understanding on Port State Con-
are liable to be affected by the wash of passing vessels, carry trol (PMoU) New Inspection Regime (NIR)
the International Code signal signifying reduce speed. The NIR of the PMoU has introduced a mandatory reporting
All vessels in the vicinity must reduce their speed, so as to system for vessels arriving at or departing from a port or an-
avoid damage or disturbance of the work. Infringements of this chorage in the Paris MoU region.
order are punishable with fines or arrest and payment of any The report should be sent, as follows:
damage occasioned. a. 72-hour report—the designated Port State Control au-
The following Croatian ports are open to international traf- thority.
fic: b. 24-hour report—the port authority.
1. Umag. For further information, see North Atlantic Ocean—Regu-
2. Porec. lations—Paris Memorandum of Understanding on Port
3. Rovinj. State Control (PMoU) New Inspection Regime (NIR).
4. Pula.
5. Rasa-Brsica. Search and Rescue
6. Rijeka.
7. Mali Losinj. The Maritime Rescue Coordination Center (MRCC) is locat-
8. Senj. ed in Rijeka and can be contacted, as follows:
9. Maslenica. 1. Telephone: 385-51-312301
10. Zadar. 385-51-312266
11. Sibenik. 2. Facsimile: 385-51-312254
12. Split. 3. E-mail: [email protected]
Croatia—MRSC Contact Information

Telephone Facsimile E-mail
MRSC Rijeka 385-51-214031 385-51-313265 —
MRSC Dubrovnic 385-20-418989 385-20-419211 —
MRSC Ploce 385-20-679008 385-20-670206
385-52-535870
MRSC Pula 385-52-222037 [email protected]
385-52-222037
MRSC Senj 385-53-881301 385-53-884128 —
Pub. 140
168 Croatia
Croatia—MRSC Contact Information

MRSC Sibenik 385-22-217214 385-22-212626 —
MRSC Split 385-21-362436 385-21-346555 —
MRSC Zadar 385-23-254880 385-23-254876 [email protected]
Information concerning Maritime Rescue Coordination Sub- the Rijeka, Zadar, Sibenik, Split, Ploce, Pula, and Dubrovnik
centers (MRSC) is given in the table titled Croatia—MRSC VTS sectors.
Contact Information. 3. Routeing sectors—Rijeka, Zadar, Sibenik, Split, Ploce,
A network of coast radio stations maintains a continuous lis- and Dubrovnik.
tening watch on international distress frequencies. MRCC Ri- 4. Maneuvering sectors—Pula, Rijeka, Zadar, Sibenik,
jeka also maintains a continuous listening watch on 2187.5 Split, Ploce, and Dubrovnik.
kHz. Croatia VTS provides an Information Support Service (IS)
and a Traffic Organization Service (TOS), as follows:
Ship Reporting System 1. Information Support.—The VTS provides informa-
tion support for the safe navigation of all vessels in the area,
The Adriatic Ship Reporting System (ADRIREP), a manda- including:
tory system for certain vessels, is in effect for the Adriatic Sea a. Information about other vessels in the VTS area.
N of latitude 40°25'N. For further information, see Italy—Ship b. Meteorological and hydrographic information.
Reporting System. c. Mooring/anchorage information.
d. Information regarding pilotage.
Time Zone e. Fairway conditions.
f. Condition of aids to navigation.
The Time Zone description is ALFA (-1). Daylight Savings g. Information about hazards that could affect the safe-
Time (BRAVO (-2)) is maintained from the last Sunday in ty of navigation.
March until the last Sunday in October. h. Any other information affecting the safety of navi-
gation.
The above information is provided within the VTS area in
Traffic Separation Schemes the event of mandatory reporting of a vessel, on request or
whenever the VTSO considers it necessary.
Traffic Separation Schemes (TSS) in Croatia are, as follows: Within a Maneuvering Sector and port areas, the VTS pro-
1. Off Otok Palagruza. (Government of Croatia) vides Information Support only in the event of an immediate
2. In Vela Vrata. (Government of Croatia) and serious threat to the safety of navigation.
3. In the North Adriatic Sea. (IMO adopted) Vessels must take responsibility for considering any infor-
mation obtained from the Information Support service.
U.S. Embassy 2. Traffic Organization Service.—The VTS organizes
navigation and manages traffic to prevent the development of
The U.S. Embassy is situated at 2 Thomas Jefferson Street, possible dangerous traffic/navigational situations and to en-
Zagreb. able the safe and effective navigation of all vessels.
The mailing address is 2 Thomas Jefferson Street, 10010 Za- To organize navigation and manage traffic, the VTSO may
greb. issue the following mandatory instructions to one or more
vessels or all vessels in the VTS Routeing Sector:
a. Prohibition of passage or the prohibition of passage
U. S. Embassy Croatia Home Page
in a specific area by a particular vessel or group of vessels.
http://hr.usembassy.gov
b. Prohibition of overtaking or the establishment of an
overtaking area.
Vessel Traffic Service c. Prohibition of departure from a port or an anchorage
or entry into a VTS sector.
The Croatia Vessel Traffic Service (VTS) and associated d. Prohibition of entry into a port or anchorage or exit
vessel reporting systems have been established in Croatia. Par- from a VTS sector.
ticipation is mandatory. e. Consent to or restriction on speed over ground.
Croatia VTS is divided into the following sectors: f. Stipulation of the course or VTS sailing plan of a
1. Sector A—The area of the Republic of Croatia Ecolog- vessel carrying dangerous or polluting cargo or carrying
ical and Fisheries Protection Zone, which is composed of a out towing or in some other manner with limited maneu-
Northern Area and a Southern Area. verability.
2. Sector B—The parts of the internal waters and territo- g. Prohibition of anchoring and the establishment of an
rial seas of the Republic of Croatia from the international anchoring area.
border (the outer limit of the territorial sea) to the limits of h. Separation of marine traffic in such a manner that:
Pub. 140
Croatia 169
i. A ship safety zone is established, consisting of an the supervision and management of marine traffic in spe-
area bounded by a circle around a vessel to which access cific maritime areas of the Republic of Croatia, if this is
is prohibited for all other vessels except with special envisaged in these rules.
permission. The size of such a zone is commensurate The master of a vessel, in compliance with mandatory in-
with the dimensions of the fairway, the size and the structions and consents obtained from the VTSO, undertakes
characteristics of the vessel, the cargo, and the level of to carry out a specific action and achieve a specific naviga-
risk. tional aim, remaining responsible for how the specific action
ii. Marine traffic is temporarily separated in such a in question is taken.
way that a vessel is ensured exclusive use of a particular Vessels embarking on an international round trip voyage
area or restricted passage for a specific period of time. should submit sailing plans to the VTS for approval at least 3
iii. Marine traffic is separated by a separation zone, hours prior to departure. The VTS will confirm receipt of the
with a minimum distance established between vessels sailing plan by e-mail or other available means.
for the purposes of passage through entire or specific ar- VTS Procedures.—Participation in the VTS is mandatory
eas and restricted passages. for the following:
To organize navigation and manage traffic, the VTSO is- 1. Vessels of 150 gt and over.
sues the following consents to vessels in the VTS Routeing 2. Vessels with an loa of 50m and over.
Sector: 3. All vessels navigating internationally.
a. Consent to enter a Routeing Sector. 4. Vessels with limited maneuverability.
b. Consent to depart from a Routeing Sector. 5. Vessels carrying dangerous or polluting cargo.
c. Consent to anchor in a Routeing Sector. 6. All vessels regardless of length, gross tonnage, or pur-
d. Consent not to comply with the provisions of rules pose presenting a potential safety risk to navigation, persons,
governing navigation, the conditions of safe navigation, or or the environment.
VTS Services and Communications in the Croatia VTS Area

Services
Sectors VHF Call sign
IS TOS
Sector A X* VHF channels 10 and 60 VTS Croatia
Sector B X VHF channels 10 and 60 VTS Croatia
Routeing Sectors
Rijeka X X VHF channels 14 and 62 VTS Rijeka
Zadar X X VHF channels 12 and 60 VTS Zadar
Sibenik X X VHF channels 14 and 60 VTS Sibenik
Split X X VHF channels 12 and 62 VTS Split
Ploce X X VHF channel 14 VTS Ploce
Dubrovnik X X VHF channel 12 VTS Dubrovnik
Maneuvering Sectors
Pula X* VHF channel 9 Pula Traffic
Rijeka X* VHF channel 9 Rijeka Traffic
Zadar X* VHF channel 9 Zadar Traffic
Sibenik X* VHF channel 9 Sibenik Traffic
Split X* VHF channel 9 Split Traffic
Ploce X* VHF channel 9 Ploce Traffic
Dubrovnik X* VHF channel 9 Dubrovnik Traffic
* Information Support offered by the VTS center only in the event of an immediate
and serious threat to the safety of navigation.
Pub. 140
170 Croatia
VTS Croatia—Contact Information

VTS Croatia Rijeka (N VTS Croatia Split (S of VTS Croatia Dubrovnik (S
of parallel 43°20'N) parallel 43°20'N) of parallel 43°20'N)
Call sign VTS Croatia VTS Croatia VTS Croatia
VHF VHF channels 10 and 60 VHF channels 10 and 60 VHF channels 10 and 60
385-51-312300 385-21-571440 385-20-333453
Telephone
385-21-549300 385-21-549310 385-21-549316
Facsimile 385-51-312243 385-21-571480 385-20-331181
7. Vessels engaged in towing or pushing another vessel b. Vessels fulfilling its reporting obligation in accor-
regardless of length. dance with the ADRIREP system.
All vessels required to participate in the VTS must: 2. Entry Report.—All vessels intending to enter a port,
1. Inform the VTS of their position and intentions on the mooring, or anchorage located in Sector B must report to the
appropriate VHF channel according to sector instructions. VTS 15 minutes before ETA or at the latest when entering,
2. Comply with all instructions issued by the VTS. and report the following information to the VTS:
3. Take account of all information received from the a. Vessel name.
VTS. b. Vessel call sign.
Vessels required to participate in the VTS and leaving a Ma- c. Statement of intention, giving name of port.
neuvering Sector or a Routeing Sector, when crossing into Sec- d. Mooring/anchorage.
tor B, have no obligation to report. The VTS will contact 3. Arrival Report.—All vessels, immediately after
vessels as to their next steps. mooring or anchoring in a port in Sector B, must report the
The master of a vessel required to participate in the VTS is following information to the VTS:
responsible for its operation and must inform the VTS if pre- a. Vessel name.
vented from doing so. b. Vessel call sign.
Vessels sailing regular domestic routes, navigating in accor- c. Declaration of status (moored or anchored).
dance with a published timetable, and port tugs when undertak- d. Location.
ing towing in a port need not report to the VTS. 4. Departure Report.—All vessels ready to leave port or
Public vessels not fitted with AIS must report to the VTS by change position within a port from a mooring or anchorage
telephone. in Sector B must report this to the VTS and include the fol-
Other vessels and yachts with an loa of 40m or more may lowing information
voluntarily participate in the VTS. a. Vessel name.
In the Routeing Sectors and the port areas, the body that b. Vessel call sign.
manages the port provides port control or operating services on c. Statement of intention (departure or change in posi-
the appropriate VHF sector channel. tion).
When a vessel submits a Departure Report, the VTS must
Reporting Requirements—VTS Croatia (Sector A and Sec- grant or deny consent to depart, in all instances with the ap-
tor B) proval of the harbormaster’s office, and will provide the fol-
Sector A.—All vessels may voluntarily maintain a continu- lowing information:
ous listening watch on VHF channel 10. VHF channel 60 is the a. Consent to depart (consent is issued after embarka-
secondary channel which may be utilized for the provision of tion of a pilot, if the vessel is taking a pilot on board)
VTS services if requested by the VTSO. b. Information about port services
Sector B.—The following reports are required: 5. Deviation Report.—Vessels must submit a Deviation
1. Pre-entry Report.—All participating vessels intend- Report to the VTS if there has been a change in destination, a
ing on entering Sector B having been navigating internation- major change in ETA, or any other deviation from planned
ally must submit a pre-entry report to the VTS 15 minutes actions as soon as the change is known, stating the following
before or at least when entering Sector B, stating: information:
a. Vessel name. a. Vessel name.
b. Vessel call sign. b. Vessel call sign.
c. Position. c. Nature of the deviation.
d. Course. d. Reason for the deviation.
e. Speed.
f. Destination. Reporting Requirements—Routeing Sectors and Maneu-
g. ETA. vering Sectors for Port VTS Sectors (Dubrovnik, Ploce, Pu-
A Pre-entry Report need not be submitted by: la, Rijeka, Sibenik, Split, and Zadar)
a. Vessels supplying information via AIS and not Routeing Sectors.—All vessels required to participate in the
heading for a destination in the VTS area. VTS must report, as follows:
Pub. 140
Croatia 171
1. Position Report.—Fifteen (15) minutes before, or at vessel is taking one on board).

the latest, when entering the sector, stating the following in- ii. Information about port services.
formation: Maneuvering Sectors.—All vessels required to participate
a. Vessel name. in the VTS must report, as follows:
b. Call sign. 1. Entry Report.—Vessels intending to enter the port
c. Draft. and moor or anchor in the Maneuvering Sector must report
d. Course. 15 minutes before or, at the latest, when entering, stating the
e. Speed. following information:
f. Destination. a. Vessel name.
g. ETA. b. Call sign.
Note.—Vessels may enter only with the consent of the c. Statement of intent: “Entering (name of port) Port.”
VTS, which will issue instruction on next steps on receipt d. Mooring/anchorage.
of the report. Note.—When a vessel is submitting an Entry Report,
2. Entry Report.—Vessels intending to enter the port the VTS must grant or deny consent to moor/anchor (is-
and moor or anchor in the Routeing Sector must report 15 sued after the embarkation of a pilot, if one is being taken)
minutes before, or at the latest, when entering, stating the or must issue a vessel with the order of mooring/anchor-
following information: ing, with the approval of the harbormaster, providing the
a. Vessel name. following information:
b. Call sign. i. Location of mooring/anchoring, or
c. Statement of intent: “Entering (name of port) Port.” ii. Order of mooring/anchoring.
d. Mooring/anchorage. iii. Information about port services.
3. Arrival Report.—When mooring or anchoring in a 2. Arrival Report.—When mooring or anchoring in a
port in the Routeing Sector vessels must immediately report port in the Maneuvering Sector vessels must immediately re-
the following information: port the following information:
b. Call sign. b. Call sign.
c. Declaration of status: “Moored/Anchored.” c. Declaration of status: “Moored/Anchored.”
d. Location of mooring or anchorage. d. Location of mooring or anchorage.
4. Deviation Report.—Vessels must contact the VTS 3. Departure Report.—All vessels ready to depart or to
when changing their destination, ETA, or any other deviation change mooring or anchorage position must report to the
from planned action, stating the following information: VTS, stating the following information:
b. Call sign. b. Call sign.
c. Deviation. c. Statement of intention: “Departure/Change of Posi-
d. Reason for deviation. tion.”
e. Planned actions. Note.—Following submission of the Departure Report,
Note.—Deviation of a vessel can include, among other consent to depart must be obtained from the VTS with the
things, stationary vessels waiting for consent to moor and, approval of the harbormaster’s office, who will provide the
exceptionally, anchoring outside designated anchorages. following information:
Deviation is subject to the consent of the VTS. The VTS i. Consent to depart (after embarking the pilot if the
will issue instructions on next steps on receipt of report. vessel is taking one on board).
5. Departure Report.—All vessels ready to depart or to ii. Information about port services.
change mooring or anchorage position must report to the 4. Pre-departure Report.—Vessels must report 15 min-
VTS, stating the following information: utes before ETD from a port, mooring, or anchorage in order
a. Vessel name. to depart from or change position, stating the following in-
b. Call sign. formation
c. Statement of intention: “Departure/Change of Posi- a. Vessel name.
tion.” b. Call sign.
Note.—Following submission of the Departure Report, c. ETD.
consent to depart must be obtained from the VTS with the d. Destination.
approval of the harbormaster’s office, who will provide the Note.—The Pre -departure Report is subject to the con-
following information: sent of the VTS and relates to entry into the Routeing Sec-
i. Consent to depart (after embarking the pilot if the tor.
Pub. 140
173
CUBA
General 173 Areas to be Avoided

Buoyage System 173 An Area to be Avoided, located on the N coast of Cuba, is
Cautions 173 bounded by the coast and lines joining the following positions:
Currency 174 a. 23°05.6'N, 81°28.5'W. (Punta Maya Light)
Firing Areas 174 b. 23°10.6'N, 81°28.5'W.
Government 174 c. 23°19.5'N, 81°11.5'W.
Holidays 174 d. 23°14.6'N, 81°07.2'W. (Cayo Piedras del Norte)
Industries 174 e. 23°11.5'N, 81°07.2'W. (Punta Morales)
Languages 174 All vessels greater than 150 gt, except tour vessels, shall not
Meteorology 174 enter this area.
Pilotage 175
Pollution 175 Buoyage System
Regulations 175
Search and Rescue 175 The IALA Buoyage System (Region B) is in effect. See
Signals 176 Chart No. 1 for further IALA Buoyage System information.
Time Zone 176 Aids to navigation along the coasts of Cuba have occasional-
Traffic Separation Schemes 176 ly been reported to be unreliable.
U.S. Embassy 176
Appendix—Daytime Port Signals 177
Cautions
General
Special Warning 29 (Issued 1 March 1962; updated 1
Cuba is an island lying about 85 miles S of Florida, with the January, 1982; reviewed 14 November 2014, 8 March 2016)
Caribbean Sea bordering its S coast and the North Atlantic 1. Mariners are advised to use extreme caution in transiting
Ocean bordering its N coast. the waters surrounding Cuba. Within distances extending in
The climate is tropical and is moderated by trade winds. The some cases up to 20 miles from the Cuban coast, vessels have
dry season is from November to April while the rainy season is been stopped and boarded by Cuban authorities. Cuba vigor-
from May to October. ously enforces a 12-mile territorial sea extending from straight
The terrain is mostly flat to rolling plains, with rugged hills baselines drawn from Cuban coastal points. The effect is that
and mountains in the SE. Rivers are numerous, but unsuitable Cuba’s claimed territorial sea extends in many cases beyond 12
for navigation. miles from Cuba’s physical coastline.
Pub. 140
174 Cuba
2. The publication of this notice is solely for the purpose of Cuba is governed by a President appointed by the National
advising U.S. mariners of information relevant to navigational Assembly for a 5-year term. The unicameral National Assem-
safety and in no way constitutes a legal recognition of the va- bly is composed of 614 members serving 5-year terms. They
lidity of any foreign rule, regulation, or proclamation so pub- are directly elected from slates approved by special candidate
lished. commissions; no other political candidates are allowed to stand
for office.
Guantanamo Bay Naval Defensive Sea Area The legal system is based on Spanish law and American law,
At no time shall any ship or other craft, other than public with large elements of Communist legal theory.
ships of the United States, be navigated into Guantanamo Bay The capital is Havana.
Naval Defensive Sea Area, unless authorized by the Secretary
of the Navy. Commander, U.S. Naval Base, Guantanamo Bay, Holidays
Cuba, has been authorized to act on requests from vessels
whose normal legitimate business requires entry into Guanta- The following holidays are observed:
namo Bay.
U.S. Naval Base Guantanamo maintains a communications January 1 New Year’s Day/Libera-
guard (call sign Guantanamo Bay Port Control) on VHF chan- tion Day
nels 12 and 16.
The Guantanamo Bay Naval Defensive Sea Area is the area January 2 Public Holiday
between the high and low water marks and the sea and in and May 1 Labor Day
about the entrance channel within the following lines:
1. A line bearing 180° and extending 3 miles from the May 20 Independence Day (from
Spain)
shoreline of the E boundary of the U.S. Naval Base Guanta-
namo (longitude 75°05'1502''W). July 25-27 Revolution Days
2. A line bearing 180° and extending 3 miles from the
October 10 Commemoration of Wars
shoreline of the W boundary of the U.S. Naval Base Guanta-
of Independence (Grito
namo (longitude 75°14'02''W).
de Yara)
3. A line joining the outer extremities of the bearing lines
described above in paragraph 1 and paragraph 2. December 25 Public Holiday
All vessels are directed to stand clear of the Guantanamo December 31 Public Holiday
Bay Naval Defensive Sea Area.
Currency Industries
The official unit of currency is the Cuban peso, consisting of The main industries are petroleum, sugar milling and refin-
100 centavos. ing, tobacco, construction, nickel, steel, cobalt, cement, phar-
maceuticals, and agricultural machinery.
The main exports are petroleum, sugar, nickel, tobacco, fish,
Firing Areas medical products, citrus, and coffee. The main export-trading
U.S. military exercise areas are established in the waters S of partners are Canada, Venezuela, China, the Netherlands, and
the Florida Keys and off Guantanamo Bay. Spain.
Local Notice to Mariners are promulgated giving the limits The main imports are petroleum, food, machinery and equip-
of the area, nature of exercise, time and duration, and applica- ment, and chemicals. The main import-trading partners are
ble navigational rules. Venezuela, China, Spain, and Brazil.
Government
Languages
Spanish is the official language.
Meteorology
Marine weather forecasts are available in Spanish from the
Instituto de Meteorologia de la Republica de Cuba (INSMET)
(http://www.insmet.cu).
Flag of Cuba
Enroute Volume
Cuba is a communist state comprised of 15 provinces and Pub. 147, Sailing Directions (Enroute) Caribbean Sea Vol-
one special municipality. ume 1.
Pub. 140
Cuba 175
Maritime Claims Regulations

The maritime territorial claims of Cuba are, as follows:
Vessels should send their ETA to Mambisas Habana. If an-
Territorial Sea * 12 miles. other port other than Habana is the vessel’s first port of call, the
ETA should also be sent to Mambisas (name of port).
Contiguous Zone 24 miles. All vessels approaching Cuban ports should contact the Port
Fisheries or Economic 200 miles. Signal Station on VHF channel 16, or by light signals, to an-
Zone nounce their presence, nationality, and characteristics.
The maximum permitted vessel speed in inner Cuban waters
is 6 knots, unless otherwise directed.
tal Margin.
* Cuba claims straight baselines enclosing varying dis- Particularly Sensitive Sea Areas (PSSA)
tances of water between Cabo Frances, Isla de la Juventad, The waters surrounding the Sabena-Carmaguey Archipelago
Cayo Breton, and Cabo Cruz as internal waters. have been declared a PSSA by the International Maritime Or-
ganization.
Pilotage A PSSA is an area that requires special protection because of
its vulnerability to damage caused by marine activities. Vessels
Pilotage is compulsory for all foreign vessels for entry, de- operating in or near such an area should exercise the utmost
parture, berthing, casting off, and towing. Pilotage is provided care to avoid damage to the maritime environment and the ma-
by Practicos de Cuba, who can be contacted, as follows: rine organisms in it. No waste should be discharged overboard.
1. Telephone: 53-7-8608516
53-7-8621840 Prohibited Areas
53-7-8641037 North coast.—Vessels are prohibited from anchoring or re-
2. Facsimile: 53-7-8668756 maining in the area of the territorial sea of Cuba between the
3. E-mail: [email protected] beacon in the vicinity of the mouth of the Rio Jaimanitas
4. Web site: http://www.practicosdecuba.transnet.cu (23°05.6'N., 82°29.4'W.) and Arrecife de Nicolao (23°14.2'N.,
The port operations of Guantanamo Bay (19°54'N., 80°21.8'W.). This prohibition does not impede the passage of
75°10'W.) are controlled by U.S. Naval authorities. vessels through this area to or from Cuban ports or the right of
innocent passage.
Pollution South coast.—Vessels are prohibited from anchoring or re-
maining in the area of the territorial sea of Cuba between longi-
Discharging hydrocarbons, pollutants, or garbage is prohibit- tude 75°14'W and longitude 76°30'W. This prohibition does
ed within the territorial waters of Cuba or its Exclusive Eco- not impede the passage of vessels through this area to or from
nomic Zone. Cuban ports or the right of innocent passage.
Pollution reports should be forwarded to the Ministry of Navigation is prohibited in the area bounded by lines joining
Transport, Maritime Safety and Survey Division (CENTRO the following positions:
AVISO NACIONAL), through the nearest coast radio station a. 22°02'45''N, 80°29'00''W.
and should include the following information: b. 22°50'00''N, 80°35'00''W.
1. Date and time of discovery c. 22°40'00''N, 81°03'00''W.
2. Position, direction of drift, approximate size, and de- d. 22°45'00''N, 81°20'00''W.
scription of type of substance. e. 22°05'47''N, 81°17'00''W.
3. Proximity to the nearest Cuban coastal zone, mention-
ing the port and provincial authority.
4. Name and nationality of vessels found close to the sub- Search and Rescue
stance.
5. Any other relevant information The Maritime Safety and Survey Directorate of the Cuban
The Maritime Safety and Survey Division can also be con- Ministry of Transport is responsible for coordinating search
tacted, as follows: and rescue operations and can be contacted, as follows:
1. Telephone: 53-7-8816607 1. Telephone: 53-7-8816607
53-7-8819498 53-7-8819498
2. Facsimile: 53-7-8811514 53-7-8818177
3. Telex: 28-511229 MITRANS CU 2. Facsimile: 53-7-8811514
4. E-mail: [email protected] 3. E-mail: [email protected]
Cuba—Storm Warning Signals

Day signal Night signal Meaning
One red light over one white
One triangular red flag Small craft advisory. Winds over 18 knots expected.
light, vertically disposed.
Pub. 140
176 Cuba
Cuba—Storm Warning Signals

Two triangular red flags, vertically One white light over one red
Gale warning. Winds of 34 to 47 knots expected.
disposed light, vertically disposed.
One square red flag, with a centered Two red lights, vertically dis-
Storm warning. Winds of 48 to 63 knots expected.
black square posed.
Two square red flags, with a centered One white light between two
Hurricane warning. Winds over 63 knots expected.
black square, vertically disposed red lights, vertically disposed.
The Maritime Rescue Coordination Center (MRCC) Cuba Cuba—Port Signals

can be contacted be telephone at 53-7-330364.
A network of coast radio stations maintains a continuous lis- Signal Meaning
tening watch on international distress frequencies. R Works in progress in the channel; small
R craft may enter or leave with extreme
Signals W caution.
Cuba has adopted the storm and hurricane signal system of R

the United States, as described in the table titled Cuba— G Entry prohibited due to rough seas.
Storm Warning Signals. G
For Cuban port signal purposes, vessels are classified by G
length, as follows: VHF out of service. Communicate di-
W
1. Long—More than 170m in length. rectly with the pilots on VHF channel 13.
G
2. Average—130 to 170m in length.
3. Short—Less than 130m in length. Cuban port signals consist of a code of flags by day, or lights
at night, to indicate the presence of approaching vessels, and
Cuba—Port Signals for traffic control. Day signals are shown in the accompanying
Signal Meaning graphic in the Appendix. Night signals, shown from lights on a
mast, are described in the table titled Cuba—Port Signals.
This is the position of the various lights
on the mast. There are six lights arranged Time Zone
R vertically which combine to make the
G appropriate signal. The distance between The Time Zone description is ROMEO (+5). Daylight Sav-
R the lights as seen from the vessel will ings Time (QUEBEC (+4)) is observed from the middle of
W vary dependent upon the signal being dis- March until the beginning of November. The exact changeover
R played and the lights in use. dates should be obtained from local authorities.
G G = Green light.
R = Red light. Traffic Separation Schemes
W = White light
G One or more vessels approaching port. Traffic Separation Schemes (TSS) in Cuba are, as follows:
1. Off Cabo San Antonio. (IMO adopted)
Vessel(s) 1 or 2 miles off maneuvering to 2. Off La Tabla. (IMO adopted)
G
enter port with clear approach to the 3. Off the coast of Matanzas. (IMO adopted)
G
channel. 4. In Old Bahama Channel. (IMO adopted)
G Vessel(s) 1 or 2 miles off has requested 5. Off Punta Maternillos. (IMO adopted)
R pilot. Do not enter. Wait there for pilot. 6. Off Punta Lucretia. (IMO adopted)
7. Off Punta Maisi. (IMO adopted)
W Pilot launch returning to station.
R U.S. Embassy
Channel not clear.
R
R The embassy is situated at Calzada between Calle L and Cal-
Entry and exit prohibited for all types of le M, Vedado Seccion, Havana. The mailing address is the
R
vessels. same.
R
R
Vessel close to the entrance of the chan- U. S. Embassy Cuba Home Page
G
nel is to keep well clear http://cu.usembassy.gov
W
Pub. 140
Cuba 177
Appendix—Daytime Port Signals
Cuba—Port Signals (Day)
Pub. 140
179
CURACAO

Buoyage System 179
Currency 179 The IALA Buoyage System (Region B) is in effect. See
Firing Areas 179 Chart No. 1 for further IALA Buoyage System information.
Government 179
Industries 180
Languages 180 Many small fishing vessels may be found anchored up to 3
Meteorology 180 miles off the coasts of Bonaire and Curacao. It is very common
Navigational Information 180 for these vessels not to show any lights.
Pilotage 180
Regulations 180 Currency
Signals 181 The official unit of currency is the Netherlands Antilles guil-
Time Zone 181 der (also known as the gulden or the florin), consisting of 100
U.S. Embassy 181 cents.
Firing Areas
General
Air and surface firing exercise areas are located from 8 to 26
Curacao is an island in the Caribbean Sea located about 35 miles SW of Curacao.
miles off the coast of Venezuela.
The tropical climate of the island is eased by the Northeast Government
Trade winds, resulting in mild temperatures. It is semi-arid,
with an average yearly rainfall of about 60 cm. Curacao is an integral part of the Kingdom of the Nether-
The terrain is generally low and hilly. lands. The island is fully autonomous concerning internal af-
Pub. 140
180 Curacao
fairs. The Dutch government is responsible for defense and Languages
foreign affairs.
King Willem-Alexander of the Netherlands is the chief of Papiamento, a Spanish-Portuguese-Dutch-English dialect,
state. The Governor-General is appointed by the King follow- Dutch, and English are the official languages.
ing legislative elections. The Prime Minister is elected by the
Estates of Curacao (parliament). The unicameral Estates of Cu- Meteorology
racao is composed of 21 directly-elected members serving 4-
year terms. Marine weather forecasts are available in English from the
The legal system is based on Dutch civil law, with some En- Meteorological Department Curacao (http://www.meteo.an).
glish common law influence.
The capital is Willemstad. Navigational Information
Enroute Volumes
ume 2.
Maritime Claims
The maritime territorial claims of Curacao are, as follows:

Flag of Curacao Fisheries or Economic To median lines.

Zone
Holidays * Claims straight baselines. Requires advance permission
or notification for innocent passage of warships in the ter-
The following holidays are observed: ritorial sea.
January 1 New Year’s Day Pilotage

Pilotage is essential at all ports for anchoring and berthing
Easter Sunday Variable alongside.
April 30 Queen’s Birthday
Regulations
May 1 Labor Day Vessels carrying dangerous cargo must obtain special per-
mission before entering any port. Cargo in transit must be
Ascension Day Variable
stored in a sealed hold while in port.
Whitsunday Variable It is prohibited to dump oily wastes overboard within 50
Whitmonday Variable miles of the coast.
Pratique is granted when a vessel is boarded by the Immigra-
July 1 Emancipation Day tion Officer, who can act as a Health Officer. If contact with an
July 2 Flag Day infectious or contagious disease has been reported in the ETA
message, the Port Director will board.
Last Monday in July Carnival Day
December 25 Christmas Day Search and Rescue
December 26 Boxing Day The Netherlands Coastguard is responsible for coordinating
search and rescue operations. The Joint Rescue Coordination
Industries Center (JRCC) Curacao can be contacted, as follows:
1. Telephone: 599-9-4637700
The main industries include tourism, petroleum refining and 2. Facsimile: 599-9-4637950
transshipment, light manufacturing, and financial and business 3. E-mail: [email protected]
services. [email protected]
The main export is petroleum products. The main export- Curacao Coast Radio Station (PJC) maintains a continuous
trading partners are the United States, Guatemala, Singapore, listening watch for distress traffic on international distress fre-
the Dominican Republic, and Haiti. quencies.
The main imports are crude oil, food, and manufactured A major search and rescue center for the southern Caribbean
goods. The main import-trading partners are Venezuela, the Sea is located in Curacao. The Royal Netherlands Naval Air
United States, and Brazil. Service provides fixed wing aircraft only for search purposes.
Pub. 140
Curacao 181
The is a communications link with the U.S. Coast Guard Res- U.S. Embassy
cue Coordination Center in San Juan, Puerto Rico.
Signals The U.S. Consulate is situated at J. B. Gorsiraweg #1, Wil-

lemstad.
The day signal for a gale warning (winds speeds of 34 knots
The mailing address is P.O. Box 158, Willemstad, Curacao.
and over) is a red square flag with a black square center.
Time Zone
U. S. Consulate Curacao Home Page
The Time Zone description is QUEBEC (+4). Daylight Sav- http://curacao.usconsulate.gov
Pub. 140
183
CYPRUS

Buoyage System 183
Cautions 183 The official unit of currency is the Cypriot pound, consisting
Currency 183 of 100 cents. Also in use is the new Turkish lira, consisting of
Firing Areas 183 100 kurus.
Government 184
Holidays 184 Firing Areas
Industries 185
Languages 185 In Episkopi Bay, a firing practice target is anchored about 6
Navigational Information 185 miles E of Cape Aspro.
Pollution 185 A firing danger area extends ENE along the S coast of Cy-
Regulations 185 prus and is bounded by the coast and lines joining the follow-
Restricted Areas 186 ing positions:
Search and Rescue 186 a. 34°43.4'N, 33°18.0'E. (coast)
Submarine Operating Areas 186 b. 34°38.0'N, 33°18.0'E.
Time Zone 186 c. 34°40.0'N, 33°25.0'E.
U.S. Embassy 186 d. 34°45.0'N, 33°31.0'E.
Vessel Traffic Service 186 e. 34°47.6'N, 33°31.0'E. (coast)
Firing activities usually occur from 1000-1600; activation
General dates will be promulgated via local Notice to Mariners and by
Cyprus Radio.
Cyprus is located in the Mediterranean Sea S of Turkey. Area KT-001.—Located in the SE corner of Morphou Bay
The climate is temperate Mediterranean, with hot dry sum- and bounded by the coast and lines joining the following
mers and cool wet winters. positions:
The terrain is a central plain with mountains to the N and S. a. 35°16.7'N, 32°56.2'E. (coast)
There are scattered, but significant plains along the S coast. b. 35°18.0'N, 32°55.0'E.
c. 35°20.9'N, 32°50.2'E.
d. 35°12.0'N, 32°50.2'E.
Buoyage System e. 35°13.5'N, 32°55.4'E. (coast)
All firing exercises are announced by navigational warnings
The IALA Buoyage System (Region A) is in effect. See Area KT-002.—Located in the SE corner of Morphou Bay
Chart No. 1 for further IALA Buoyage System information. and bounded by the coast and lines joining the following
positions:
Cautions a. 35°11.1'N, 32°54.3'E. (coast)
b. 35°14.5'N, 32°55.0'E.
Locust Reports c. 35°16.0'N, 32°54.5'E.
See Egypt—Cautions for further information. d. 35°12.0'N, 32°47.5'E.
Pub. 140
184 Cyprus
e. 35°08.9'N, 32°48.3'E. (coast) by a United Nations buffer zone.
Area KT-003.—Located E of Cape Kormkiti and bounded Holidays
by the coast and lines joining the following positions:
a. 35°21.4'N, 33°09.0'E. (coast) The following holidays are observed:
b. 35°24.0'N, 33°09.0'E.
c. 35°24.0'N, 33°11.6'E.
d. 35°21.3'N, 33°11.6'E. (coast)
All firing exercises are announced by navigational warnings March 25 Greek Independence Day
Area KT-004.—Located NE of Kyreniai and bounded by April 1 EOKA Day
a. 35°23.0'N, 33°22.8'E. May 1 Labor Day
b. 35°33.0'N, 33°22.8'E. October 1 Independence Day
c. 35°33.0'N, 33°41.0'E.
d. 35°23.0'N, 33°41.0'E.
The following additional holidays are observed by the Greek
Area KT-005.—Located SE of Cape Eloea and bounded by Orthodox Cypriot community:
a. 35°18.9'N, 34°13.0'E. January 6 Epiphany
b. 35°16.0'N, 34°15.0'E. May 6 Green Monday
c. 35°12.0'N, 34°08.0'E.
d. 35°15.0'N, 34°05.0'E. Good Friday Variable
Holy Saturday Variable
Government Easter Monday Variable
Cyprus is an independent republic. The country is divided August 15 Assumption Day
into six districts. Great Britain retains sovereignty over the ar-
October 28 OHI Day
eas containing its military bases on the island at Akrotiri and
Dhekelia. December 25 Christmas Day
The following additional holidays are observed by the Arme-

nian, Catholic, and Protestant Cypriot community:
January 6 Epiphany
Flag of Cyprus December 26 Boxing Day
Cyprus is governed by directly-elected President who serves The following holidays are observed by the Turkish Cypriot
a 5-year term. The unicameral House of Representatives is community:
composed of 80 directly-elected members (56 from the Greek
Cypriot community and 24 from the Turkish Cypriot commu-
nity) serving 5-year terms. The Turkish Cypriot members have
not attended legislative sessions since 1963. February 13 Founding of the Turkish Feder-
The legal system is based on English common law with civil ated State of Cyprus
modifications. April 23 Opening of the Turkish Grand
The capital is Nicosia. National Assembly
Since 1974, the Republic of Cyprus has been divided de fac-
to into two autonomous areas. The Greek Cypriots control the May 19 Turkish Youth Day
only internationally-recognized government of the republic, al- August 30 Turkish Victory Day
though their effective authority is limited to the Greek Cypriot
communities. October 29 Turkish Republic Day
In 1983, Turkish Cypriots declared independence and
formed the “Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus,” with its Islamic holidays, which are subject to the appearance of the
capital at Lefkosa. The Turkish Republic has been recognized moon, include Ramazan Bairam (End of Ramadan), Kurban
only by Turkey. The Greek and Turkish nations are separated Bairam (End of Pilgrimage), and the Prophet's Birthday.
Pub. 140
Cyprus 185
Industries Pollution
The main industries are tourism, food and beverage process- MARPOL Special Area
ing, cement and gypsum production, ship repair, textiles, The Mediterranean Sea has been designated as a MARPOL
chemicals, metal products, wood, paper, stone, and clay prod- Special Area. MARPOL Special Areas are sea areas where
ucts. special mandatory methods for the prevention of oil pollution
Information on imports and exports can be found in the ac- in the sea have been adopted.
companying table. Further information can be found in North Atlantic
Languages Regulations
Greek and Turkish are the official languages. English is The Republic of Cyprus has designated the sea ports of Li-
widely spoken. massol, Larnaca, and Paphos as the only legal ports of entry in-
to and exit from Cyprus. All of these ports are in the S Greek
Cypriot-controlled part of the island.
Navigational Information Entry or exit through any other seaport is not authorized by
the government of the Republic of Cyprus.
Enroute Volume
Vessels may cross from Turkey to any arrival port in Cyprus
Pub. 132, Sailing Directions (Enroute) Eastern Mediterra- and may travel from the N part of Cyprus to Turkey, but may
nean. not cross from the N part of Cyprus to any S Cypriot port. A
passage from a S Cypriot port to a N Cypriot port is
Maritime Claims inadvisable.
The maritime territorial claims of Cyprus are, as follows: Normal international courtesies, such as flying the flag of
Cyprus at the foremast, should be carefully adhered to by ves-
Territorial Sea * 12 miles. sels while in the waters and ports of Cyprus.
European Union Expanded Inspection (EI) Notification
Fisheries or Economic 200 miles. Under European Union (EU) Directive 2009/16/EC, the Eu-
Zone ropean Union has introduced a mandatory reporting system for
Continental Shelf Depth of 200m or the Limit vessels arriving at or departing from a port or anchorage in the
of Exploitation. EU region.
The reports should be sent via the vessel’s agent to the
* Claims straight baselines.
electronic arrival notification database of the Cyprus Port
Authority (CYPOS), which is linked with the SafeSeaNet
Internet Maritime Safety Information Server. The Department of Merchant Shipping can be
Notice to Mariners and navigation warnings are available, in contacted, as follows:
English and Greek, from the Cyprus Joint Rescue Coordination 1. Telephone: 357-25-848100
Center (http://www.mod.gov.cy/mod/CJRCC.nsf/index_en/in- 2. Facsimile: 357-25-848200
dex_en?OpenDocument). 3. E-mail: [email protected]
Main export- Main import-

Area Main exports Main imports
trading partners trading partners
Greece
Citrus United Kingdom
Greece Consumer goods
Potatoes Italy
Republic of Ireland Petroleum and lubricants
Pharmaceuticals Germany
Cyprus United Kingdom Machinery
Cement Israel
Israel Transport equipment
Clothing China
Netherlands
Vehicles
Fuels
Citrus
Cigarettes
North Dairy products
Turkey Food Turkey
Cyprus Potatoes
Minerals
Textiles
Chemicals
Machinery
Pub. 140
186 Cyprus
For further information, see North Atlantic Ocean— [email protected] (not for
Regulations—European Union Expanded Inspection (EI) emergency use)
Notification. RCC Akrotiri, which operates 24 hours and is located at Ak-
rotiri Royal Air Force Base in the British Sovereign Base Area,
European Union Dangerous and Polluting Cargo can be contacted, as follows:
Notification 1. Telephone: 357-25-276854
Under European Union (EU) Directive 2002/59/EC, as 357-25-275002
amended by EU Directive 2009/17/EC, any vessel over 300 357-25-953449
gross tons and any vessel carrying dangerous or polluting cargo 2. Facsimile: 357-25-276795
bound to or leaving from EU ports should report to the relevant 3. E-mail: [email protected]
port authority at least 24 hours in advance. Cyprus operates a maritime radio service which maintains a
For further information, see Baltic Sea—Regulations—Eu- continuous listening watch on international distress frequen-
ropean Union Dangerous and Polluting Cargo Notifica- cies.
tions.
Restricted Areas Submarine Operating Areas

Marine reserves are located off the coast of Cyprus, as fol- Submarines frequently exercise in an area centered about 23
lows: miles NNW of Cape Kormakiti (35°24'N., 32°55'E.).
1. Southeast of Paphos.—An area in the vicinity of posi-
tion 34°42.9'N, 32°27.0'E. Time Zone
2. In Akrotiki Bay E and SE of Limassol.—Areas in
the vicinity of the following positions: The Time Zone description is BRAVO (-2). Daylight Sav-
a. 34°42.2'N, 33°08.6'E. ings Time (CHARLIE (-3)) is observed from the last Sunday in
b. 34°40.8'N, 33°05.0'E. March until the last Sunday in October.
3. West and NW of Cape Greco.—Areas in the vicinity
of the following positions:
a. 34°58.7'N, 33°58.8'E. U.S. Embassy
b. 35°02.9'N, 34°02.0'E.
These areas may be marked by lighted or unlighted buoys or The U.S. Embassy is situated at the corner of Metochiou
Street and Ploutarchou Street, Engomi 2407, Nicosia.
beacons.
The mailing addresses is P.O. Box 24536, 1385 Nicosia.
Search and Rescue
U. S. Embassy Cyprus Home Page
The Joint Rescue Coordination Center (JRCC) Larnaca (call http://cyprus.usembassy.gov
sign: Cyprus Rescue) is responsible for search and rescue oper-
ations in Cypriot waters and can be contacted, as follows:
1. Telephone: 357-24-643005 Vessel Traffic Service
357-24-304723
2. Facsimile: 357-24-643254 A Vessel Traffic Service operates in the approaches to Li-
3. E-mail: [email protected] (not for massol (34°39'N., 33°02'E.). For further information, see Pub.
emergency use) 132, Sailing Directions (Enroute) Eastern Mediterranean.
Pub. 140
187
DENMARK

Buoyage System 187
Firing Areas 189 Owing to local circumstances, the marks for a dredged chan-
Fishing Areas 193 nel are often placed slightly outside the limits of the channel.
Government 193 Such marks should be passed at a safe distance.
Holidays 193 Daybeacon paint schemes are chosen, based on the sur-
Ice 194 roundings or background, to enhance the visibility of the bea-
Industries 194 con.
Languages 194 Red and yellow horizontally-striped top marks do not indi-
Meteorology 194 cate channels.
Mined Areas 195 In waterways which can be entered from more than one di-
Navigational Information 197 rection, the conventional direction of buoyage changes, as fol-
Pilotage 198 lows:
Pollution 200 1. Limfjordem—at Egholm (57°03'N., 9°53'E.).
Regulations 201 2. Als Sund—at Christian X Bridge, Sonderborg
Search and Rescue 202 (54°55'N., 9°45'E.).
Ship Reporting System 203 3. Waters S of Fyn—at Svendborg Havn (55°04'N.,
Signals 203 10°37'E.) and S of Strymo (54°53'N., 10°36'E.)
Submarine Operating Areas 204 4. Smalandsfarvandet—at the Dronning Alexandrine
Time Zone 204 Bridge (54°59'N., 12°10'E.).
Traffic Separation Schemes 204 In inshore waters, some aids may be withdrawn or altered
U.S. Embassy 204 during the winter, or when ice is forming or breaking up.
Lighted buoys may be replaced by unlighted buoys; unlighted
buoys may be replaced by spar buoys or floating beacons. The
General replacements have the same characteristics at the original
buoyage but may be without topmarks. changes may be an-
Denmark is located in Northern Europe, bordering the Baltic nounced by Notice to Mariners. Buoyage may be damaged,
Sea and the North Sea, on a peninsula N of Germany. displaced, or sunk if subject to heavy ice movement.
The climate is temperate, humid and overcast with mild, Lighted buoys marking transit routes, including Route T and
windy winters and cool summers. traffic separation schemes are maintained as long as possible
The terrain is low and flat, rising to gently rolling plains. and are only withdrawn or replaced in severe ice conditions.
Pub. 140
188 Denmark
Denmark—Daybeacon Topmarks
Ice may also wear the color off buoys; topmarks or reflectors havn, on the same route as hydrofoils. They have a maximum
may be lost or damaged. speed of 35 knots and operate in accordance with the Interna-
Submarine cables and are marked by pairs of beacons, as fol- tional Rules of the Road. When airborne, they carry a rotating
lows: yellow warning light. The vehicle makes difficult leeway with
1. Front beacon—A white circular mark with a red cen- the wind abeam. Signals made on a ship's bell are difficult to
ter. If lighted, a fixed red light will be displayed. hear aboard the air cushion vehicle.
2. Rear beacon—A white circular mark above a white di- After heavy storms sands erodes from the W and NW coasts
amond-shaped mark with a red border. If lighted, a fixed red of Jutland and is deposited in the harbor entrances on the W
light over a fixed white light will be displayed. coast of Denmark. These deposits cause changes to the sea bed
Lighted buoys with the word “Kabel” in black letters may be and may result in unpredictable current and wave conditions.
laid along the line of the cable. Vessels should contact the port authorities for the latest infor-
Submarine pipelines are marked by pairs of beacons in line. mation prior to entering these harbors.
The front and rear beacons have yellow diamond-shaped top- Many Danish lighthouses, particularly those in Kattegat and
marks. Storebaelt, are built on reefs and have foundations not visible
Firing or danger areas are marked by pairs of beacons with below the surface. Shoal water may exist within 30m of the
triangular topmarks having black and yellow bands. The rear base of each lighthouse.
topmarks point down while the front topmarks point up. Broken and drifting fishing stakes may present a danger to
Denmark has recently completed virtual Automatic Identifi- navigation along the coasts of Denmark, especially during and
cation System (AIS) Aids to Navigation (ATON) trials. For after the winter season.
further information on AIS ATON, see North Atlantic
Ocean—Navigational Information. Magnetic Anomalies
Vessels should note that magnetic compasses may be affect-
Cautions ed when transiting in the area of the main power cables be-
tween Denmark and Sweden.
In conjunction with the establishment of GMDSS (Global Local deflections of the compass have been reported 2 miles
Maritime Distress and Safety System), numerous medium fre- N of Kristianslund (55°19'N., 10°49'E.).
quency radio beacons situated around the coast of Denmark are A local magnetic anomaly has been reported in the S part of
reported (1999) to have been discontinued. The Sound in a position about 1.5 miles SW of Drogden Light
Air Cushion Vehicles operate between Malmo and Koben- (55°32.2'N., 12°42.7'E.).
Pub. 140
Denmark 189
Danish Maritime Authority

Denmark—Firing Practice Areas
Magnetic deviations of up to 70° have been experienced in are subject to change.

the vicinity of a power cable extending S from a position about Information relative to the times of firing practice in these ar-
4 miles W of Trelleborg, Sweden through Kadetrenden and on- eas is disseminated, as follows:
wards to Travemunde, Germany. 1. Monthly via the Danish Notice to Mariners.
2. Daily through the Navigational Warnings broadcast by
Currency Danmarks Radio on 243 kHz immediately following the
scheduled weather bulletin at 1745 UTC.
The official unit of currency is the Danish krone, consisting 3. Through the VHF channel and/or telephone number of
of 100 ore. each designated safety office. The VHF radio is operation
from 1 hour before commencement of firing until the termi-
Firing Areas nation of firing.
4. Through the following web sites:
Information on Danish Firing Practice Areas is given in the a. Tactical Air Staff Denmark—http://www.flv.dk/mi-
table titled Denmark—Firing Practice Areas. While every lais/navwarframe.html
effort has been made to ensure the information is up-to-date b. Danish Maritime Authority—http://www.dma.dk/
and accurate, mariners should be advised that these firing areas ships/sider/maritimesafetyinformation.aspx

Area Name VHF Channels Area Authority/Telephone Number Position
West Coast
Flyvestation Skydstrup
EK D 373 Romo W — Telephone: 45-7284-8121 or 45-7375- 55°10'N, 8°17'E
5219
Pub. 140
190 Denmark

Firing Safety Camp Oksbol
1 11 and 16 Telephone: 45-7283-9550 (working
EK R 53 Juvre 55°12'N, 8°31'E
Call sign: Fly Romo hours) or 45-7375-5219 or 45-2148-
7290 (during firing practice)
1
When firing is to take place, signals are shown from masts located in the following positions:
a. 55°10'15.6''N, 8°30'32.4'E.
b. 55°10'29.4''N, 8°32'17.4'E.
c. 55°11'00.0''N, 8°33'37.2'E.
d. 55°11'32.4''N, 8°33'37.2'E.
e. 55°11'27.0''N, 8°33'34.8'E. (control tower)
During daylight hours, one ball is displayed from each signal mast; a white flashing light (60 flashes per minute) is also
displayed from the signal mast at the control tower. During the hours of darkness, the signal masts will display a fixed white
light. These signals are displayed from 1 hour prior to the beginning of the firing until the termination of the firing. Contact by
VHF can also be made during this time.
EK D 381 Kallesmaersk W 2 6, 8, and 16
EK D 380 Kallesmaersk E 2 Call sign: Oksbol Firing Safety Camp Oksbol
Lyngby Radio Telephone: 45-7283-9550 (working
55°35'N, 8°06'E
broadcasts firing hours)
EK R 33 Vejers 2 warnings at 0705 and Web site: http://www.forsvaret.dk/oksbl
1705
2
During daylight hours, the N signal mast (55°37'14.4''N., 8°07'02.4''E.) and the S signal mast (55°33'31.8''N.,
8°04'40.2''E.) will display one white flashing light (60 flashes per minute). During the hours of darkness, the signal masts will
display alternating red and white quick flashing lights (30 flashes per minute). These signals are displayed from 1 hour prior to
the beginning of the firing until the termination of the firing. Contact by VHF can also be made during this time.
The safety range is given in nautical miles from position 55°35'06.0''N, 8°08'12.6''E.
This is a radar-equipped area. Firing may continue during bad visibility or darkness.
Firing Safety Camp Oksbol
Telephone: 45-7283-9550 (working
6, 8, and 16
15 Nymindegab 3 Call sign: Nymindegab
hours) or 45-5058-7178 (during firing 55°50'N, 8°10'E
practice)
Web site: http://www.forsvaret.dk/oksbl
3
During daylight hours, the N signal mast (55°50'29.4''N., 8°09'55.2''E.) will display one ball while the S signal mast
(55°49'27.6''N., 8°10'13.8''E.) will display one ball as well as red and white quick flashing lights (30 flashes per minute).
During the hours of darkness or bad visibility, the S signal mast will display red and white quick flashing lights (30 flashes per
minute). These signals are displayed from 1 hour prior to the beginning of the firing until the termination of the firing. Contact
by VHF can also be made during this time.
During firing practices, the head of firing can be contacted by telephone (45-5058-7178).
EK R 48 Tranum S 4 9, 12, 13, and 16 Tranum Safety Office
57°12'N, 9°29'E
4 Call sign: Tranum Telephone: 45-7283-9699
EK D 370 Blokhus
4
During daylight hours, Signal Mast 1 (57°10'46.2''N., 9°26'39.6''E.), at Ejstrup Strand, and Signal Mast 2 (57°12'22.8''N.,
9°30'13.2''E.), at Rodhus Strand, will display a white flashing light (60 flashes per minute). During the hours of darkness the
signal masts will display a red and white alternating quick flashing lights (30 flashes per minute). These signals are displayed
from 1 hour prior to the beginning of the firing until the termination of the firing. Contact by VHF can also be made during this
time.
Joint Operations Center Telephone: 45-
EK D 389 Skagen N — 58°15'N, 10°30'E
7285-0000
Pub. 140
Denmark 191

East Coast
Camp Hevring
EK R 45 Hevring 5 — Telephone: 45-7283-9689 Web site: 56°32'N, 10°26'E
http://www.forsvaret.dk
5
During daylight hours, the following signals are displayed:
1. East signal mast (56°31'21.0''N., 10°26'27.0'E.)—One ball and a white flashing light (60 flashes per second).
2. West signal mast (56°31'52.8''N., 10°24'21.0'E.)—One ball.
During the hours of darkness the E signal mast will display alternating red and white quick flashing lights (30 flashes per
minute). These signals are displayed from 1 hour prior to the beginning of the firing until the termination of the firing.
From April 1 until November 15, supplementary markings, consisting of posts with restriction signs, will be displayed along
the E boundary from the coast out to a distance of about 300m.
EK D 352 Lysegrund N Joint Operations Center Telephone: 45-
— 56°17'N, 11°50'E
EK D 353 Lysegrund S 7285-0000
Sjaelland—North Coast
EK R 11 Sjaellands Odde W 6
EK R 12 Gniben 6
EK R 13 Sjaellands Rev 6
Naval Weapons Center (VBK)
EK R 14 Sjaellands Odde E 6 6 and 16 Telephone: 45-7285-5500
56°00'N, 11°17'E
Call sign: Gniben Radio Control Tower (during practice)
EK R 19 MULTEX 6
Telephone: 45-7285-5514
EK R 20 Yderby 6
EK D 350 Yderflak 6
EK D 351 Schultz Grund 6
6
During daylight hours, the signal mast at position 56°00'32.4''N, 11°16'45.6''E will display one red flag and a white
flashing light (60 flashes per minute). During the hours of darkness the signal mast will display a fixed red light. These signals
are displayed from 1 hour prior to the beginning of the firing until the termination of the firing. Contact by VHF can also be
made during this time.
EK R 15 Sejero E 7 Camp Jaegerspris/JPL
6 and 16
Telephone: 45-7283-9730 55°45'N, 11°17'E
Call sign: Stold
EK R 16 Sejero W 7 Web site: http://www.forsvaret.dk/JPL
7 When firing is taking place, the signal mast at Stold (55°45'17.4''N., 11°17'12.6''E.) will display one ball and a white
flashing light (60 flashes per minute). These signals are displayed from 1 hour prior to the beginning of the firing until the
termination of the firing. Contact by VHF can also be made during this time.
EK R 18 Jaegerspris 8 6, 8, 16, and 67
Camp Jaegerspris/JPL
Telephone: 45-7283-9730 55°52'N, 11°57'E
Call sign: Jaegerspris
EK R 17 Isefjord 8 Web site: http://www.forsvaret.dk/JPL
Pub. 140
192 Denmark

8
When firing takes place, the following signals are displayed:
1. Signal Mast 1 (55°50'33.0''N., 11°57'30.0''E.), on the shore by Sdr Strandhuse:
a. Day signal—One ball and a white flashing light (60 flashes per second).
b. Night signal—Red and white alternating quick flashing lights (30 flashes per minute) shown beginning 30 minutes
before sunset.
2. Signal Mast 2 (55°50'34.8''N., 11°58'54.0''E.), on Karolinehoj—a day signal consisting of one ball and a white
flashing light (60 flashes per minute).
3. Signal Mast 3 (55°54'02.4''N., 11°55'34.8'E.), on the shore W of Storehoj:
a. Day signal—One ball and a white flashing light (60 flashes per second).
b. Night signal—Red and white alternating quick flashing lights (30 flashes per minute) shown beginning 30 minutes
before sunset.
These signals are displayed from 1 hour prior to the beginning of the firing until the termination of the firing. Contact by
11 Bredetved 9 — Telephone: 45-7283-9730 55°42'N, 11°48'E
Web site: http://www.forsvaret.dk/JPL
9 When firing is taking place, the signal mast about 500m ENE of Bredetved (55°41'51.0''N., 11°47'32.4''E.) will display one
ball and a flashing white light (60 flashes per minute). These signals are displayed from 1 hour prior to the beginning of the
firing until the termination of the firing.
14 Hyby Faelled 10 — Telephone: 45-7283-9730 55°35'N, 9°48'E
Web site: http://www.forsvaret.dk/JPL
10
When firing is taking place, the N signal mast (55°35'22.8''N., 9°47'21.0''E.) and the S signal mast (55°34'58.8''N.,
9°47'18.0''E.) will display one ball and a white flashing light (60 flashes per minute). From April 15 until November 15,
supplementary markings, consisting of yellow floats, will be displayed along the coast between the coast and Buoy B and the
coast and Buoy D. These signals are displayed from 1 hour prior to the beginning of the firing until the termination of the
firing.
Firing Safety Oksbel
Telephone: 45-7283-9550
EK R 44 Halk 11 — Halk Safety Office 55°11'N, 9°38'E
Telephone: 45-7457-1137 12 Web site:
http://www.forsvaret.dk/oksbl
11
When firing is taking place, the signal mast in position 55°10'41.4''N, 9°38'42.02''E will display one ball and a flashing
white light (60 flashes per minute).
These signals are displayed from 1 hour prior to the beginning of the firing until the termination of the firing. Contact by
12 Available only during firing practices.
EK D 371 Marstal Bugt 54°42'N, 10°27'E

ES D 140 Bornholm W Joint Operations Center 55°00'N, 13°55'E
—
ES D 139 Bornholm E Telephone: 45-7285-0000 55°05'N, 15°40'E
ES D 138 Bornholm N 55°20'N, 15°30'E
EK D 395 Raghammer Odde Range Safety Officer
13 6, 8, 16, and 77
Telephone: 45-5697-8106 or 45-2010- 55°01'N, 14°55'E
Call sign: Raghammer
EK D 396 Hullebaek 13 6551
13
During daylight hours, Signal Mast 1 (55°01'22.8''N., 14°54'28.8''E.) and Signal Mast 2 (55°00'23.4''N., 14°57'18.6''E.)
will display one ball and a white flashing light (60 flashes per minute). During the hours of darkness each mast will display
alternating red and white quick flashing lights (30 flashes per minute). These signals are displayed from 1 hour prior to the
beginning of the firing until the termination of the firing. Contact by VHF can also be made during this time.
Pub. 140
Denmark 193
Generally, there are two types of restrictions placed on firing Government

areas in Danish waters, in conjunction with firing practices, as
follows: Denmark is a constitutional monarchy. The country is
1. A temporary danger area is established and vessel traf- divided into five regions.
fic is urged to show consideration. Queen Margrethe II is the Chief of State and appoints the
2. All navigating anchoring, and fishing is prohibited Prime Minister. The unicameral Parliament is composed of 179
within that part of the area in Danish territorial waters and members (including two from Greenland and two from the
navigation is dangerous during firing in the entire area. Faroe Islands) serving 4-year terms; all members are directly-
Danish authorities advise that violators will be subject to elected under a system of proportional representation.
punishment. The legislative system is based on civil law.
The capital is Kobnhavn (Copenhagen).
Fishing Areas
General
Holidays
Bottom net fishing in Danish waters takes place in inshore
areas in depths of 7 to 10m. Bottom nets are normally attached The following holidays are observed:
to poles sunk in the sea bed, but they may also be secured with
anchors in waters with strong currents or a rocky sea bed. Bot-
tom net poles are mainly constructed of timber and are at risk January 1 New Year’s Day
of damage by marine organisms or ice. Broken net posts can Holy Thursday Variable
pose a danger to small craft because they often break off below
the surface, particularly during the winter season and shortly Good Friday Variable
thereafter. Easter Sunday Variable
Danish fishing vessels may be anchored by a long scope of
cable to which a large anchor buoy may be attached about Easter Monday Variable
150m from the vessel. Other vessels should pass astern of the Prayer Day Fourth Friday after Easter
fishing vessel.
May 1 Labor Day
Drift nets for fishing for herring may be encountered in The
Sound and around the S coast of Sweden. Ascension Day Variable
For further information, see Baltic Sea—Fishing Areas. Whitsunday Variable
Marking of Fixed Fishing Gear Whitmonday Variable
In Danish waters, fixed fishing gear is marked in accordance June 5 Constitution Day
with the direction of navigation for inbound vessels. In general,
when the outermost pile in a series of nets stands in a depth of Third Monday in October National Heroes’ Day
over 2m, the pile is marked by two black flags and two light re- December 24 Christmas Eve
flectors. The outermost main pile of fixed fishing gear should
also be marked, as follows: December 25 Christmas Day
1. Inbound vessels required to pass gear to starboard— December 26 Second Day of Christmas
Quick flashing green light.
December 31 New Year’s Eve
2. Inbound vessels required to pass gear to port—Quick
flashing red light.
At prescribed navigational openings, the main pile must dis- Ice
play a black flag and a yellow reflector.
The Danish State Ice Service, which includes the Ice Break-
ing Service and the Ice Reporting Service, assists vessels in
Danish waters during ice conditions.
Requests for ice breaking assistance will normally be direct-
ed to the state ice breakers or the State Ice Service. The ice
breakers can be contacted on VHF channel 16 or through
Lyngby Coast Radio Station.
Danish ice breakers are the Danbjorn (call sign: OUDN), the
Isbjorn (call sign: OUDO), and the Thorbjorn (call sign:
OUDP).
The State Ice Service decides, based on prevailing and pre-
dicted ice conditions, when compulsory reporting for vessels
bound for harbors within a certain area is introduced. This in-
formation will be given in the daily ice reports.
Assistance is given in the following priority order:
Flag of Denmark 1. Vessels in distress.
Pub. 140
194 Denmark
2. Vessels transporting live animals. safety reports and must include the following:
3. Vessels transporting passengers. 1. Date and time (UTC) of observation.
4. Vessels transporting cargo of special importance. 2. Vessel’s position.
5. All vessels in need. 3. Air temperature.
During a compulsory reporting period, vessels should send 4. Sea water temperature, if possible.
their report to the State Ice Service well in advance of arriving 5. Wind force and direction.
in iced Danish waters and include the following information in 6. Description of the ice accretion.
the report: Reports sent to a Danish Coast Radio Station from a vessel at
1. Vessel name. sea will be forwarded to the relevant authority at no expense to
2. Flag. the report originator.
3. Call sign.
4. Vessel size. Industries
5. Engine power.
6. Year built. The main industries are iron, steel, non-ferrous metals,
7. Gear limit. chemicals, food processing, machinery and transportation
8. Amount of cargo. equipment, textiles and clothing, electronics, construction, fur-
9. Port of destination. niture and other wood products, shipbuilding and repair, wind-
10. ETA in iced Danish waters. mills, pharmaceuticals, and medical equipment.
During the reported voyage, vessels should obey the instruc- The main exports are machinery and instruments, meat and
tions given by the State Ice Service. Vessels should report to meat products, dairy products, fish, pharmaceuticals, furniture,
the ice breaker directly or through Lyngby Coast Radio Station and windmills. The main export-trading partners are Germany,
no later than when arriving in iced Danish waters. After initial Sweden, the United States, Norway, and the United Kingdom.
contact with the ice breaker, vessels should maintain a continu- The main imports are machinery and equipment, raw materi-
ous listening watch, unless otherwise directed. als for industry, chemicals, grain, foodstuffs, and consumer
Any vessel delaying or cancel its voyage after submitting the goods. The main import-trading partners are Germany, Swe-
above-described report shall immediately notify the State Ice den, the Netherlands, China, Norway, and the United King-
Service. dom.
Contact details are, as follows:
1. VHF: VHF channel 16 Languages
2. Telephone: 45-728-50000 (switchboard)
45-728-12056 Danish is the official language. English is the predominant
45-728-50369 second language.
4. Web site: http://www2.forsvaret.dk/omos/sovarnet/ Meteorology
organisation/marinestaben/istjenesten/Pages/default.aspx
For information on obtaining general ice information for the Marine weather forecasts in English and Danish are avail-
Baltic Sea, see Baltic Sea—Ice. able from the Danmarks Meteorologiske Institut (http://
The Ice Reporting Service provides daily ice reports at 1100 www.dmi.dk).
from December 15 until March 31. A free facsimile-on-de-
mand service is available by calling 45-89-433244. Mined Areas
Lyngby Radio broadcasts ice reports at 1305 UTC on the fol-
lowing frequencies: General
1. MF: 1704 kHz, 1734 kHz, 1758 Khz, and 2586 kHz Mariners should consult Notice to Mariners and the latest
2. VHF: VHF channels 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 23, 61, 64, 65, 66, best scale chart for any additional danger areas.
83, and 85 A risk does still exist with regard to anchoring, fishing, or
any form of submarine activity close to the sea bed.
Ice Accretion Warnings Former NEMEDRI Danger Area No. 9 is an area in which
The Admiral Danish Fleet promulgates ice accretion warn- danger due to mines laid between 1939 and 1945 still exist. For
ings with wind speeds of 13.5 knots and over combined with an further information, see North Sea and English Channel—
air temperature of -2°C and lower. The warnings are dissemi- Mined Areas.
nated by Lyngby Radio and Danish Coast Radio Stations. Ice
accretion warnings are drawn up according to the following Residual Danger from Surface Mines
criteria: Residual dangers are still considered to exist in the following
1. Light ice accretion—1 to 3cm in 24 hours. areas due to the existence of mines and other objects contain-
2. Ice accretion—4 to 14cm in 24 hours. ing explosives. Navigation, anchoring, fishing and/or other
3. Heavy ice accretion—more than 15cm in 24 hours. subsurface activities are prohibited in the areas listed below.
Warnings are posted 12 to 18 hours in advance as far as pos- North Sea.—Navigation is prohibited in the area between
sible. the W coast of Denmark and lines joining the following posi-
In the absence of prior warnings, vessels are requested to re- tions:
port ice accretion information to ships in the vicinity and to a. 55°27.8'N, 8°18.7'E.
competent authorities. Radio reports of ice accretion are sent as b. 55°28.2'N, 8°15.2'E.
Pub. 140
Denmark 195
as well as the area which extends from position b, 1 mile from the following positions:
the coast, to 55°49'N. The harbor approaches in the area are ex- a. 54°46.5'N, 10°26.9'E.
empt from the prohibition. b. 54°46.5'N, 10°31.3'E.
Sild.—Anchoring, fishing with bottom equipment, and sea- c. 54°45.0'N, 10°31.3'E.
bed activity are prohibited in the following areas: d. 54°45.0'N, 10°26.9'E.
1. A circle with a radius of 1 mile centered on position 2. Keldsnor.—The area bounded by a line joining the
55°05'N, 8°16'E. following positions:
2. A circle with a radius of 1 mile centered on position a. 54°43.0'N, 10°34.2'E.
55°02'N, 7°58'E. b. 54°41.6'N, 10°32.7'E.
Romo and Mano.—Anchoring, fishing with bottom equip- c. 54°39.2'N, 10°39.2'E.
ment, and seabed activity are prohibited in the area between the d. 54°41.0'N, 10°40.7'E.
W coast of Romo and Mano and a line joining the following 3. Keldsnor.—The circular area with a radius of 0.5
positions: mile centered on position 54°38.3'N, 10°40.1'E.
a. 55°03.9'N, 8°29.3'E. 4. Keldsnor.—The circular area with a radius of 0.5
b. 55°05.0'N, 8°19.9'E. mile centered on position 54°41.0'N, 10°48.1'E.
c. 55°17.0'N, 8°19.9'E. 5. Langeland-Lolland.—The area bounded by a line
d. 55°17.0'N, 8°33.1'E. joining the following positions:
Kattegat.—Navigation is prohibited in the following areas: a. 54°40.0'N, 11°13.6'E.
1. Stensnaes.—An area with a width of 1 mile along the b. 54°38.0'N, 11°13.6'E.
coast from 57°15.0'N to Vorsa Bro at position 57°12.3'N, c. 54°44.8'N, 10°53.7'E.
10°29.7'E. The approach to Vorsa Bridge is exempt from the d. 54°45.0'N, 10°49.6'E.
prohibition. e. 54°43.0'N, 10°48.4'E.
2. Rageleje.—An area bounded by a line joining the fol- 6. Zingst.—The circular area with a radius of 1 mile
lowing positions: centered on position 54°41.0'N, 12°46.9'E.
a. 56°09.6'N, 12°07.7'E. 7. Mon-Falsterbo.—The area bounded by a line joining
b. 56°09.4'N, 12°05.8'E. the following positions:
c. 56°10.4'N, 12°05.5'E. a. 55°05.8'N, 12°20.7'E.
d. 56°10.3'N, 12°07.5'E. b. 55°18.7'N, 12°46.8'E.
3. Entrance of Kalo Vig.—An area bounded by a line c. 55°20.4'N, 12°53.2'E.
joining the following positions: d. 55°19.4'N, 12°56.5'E.
a. 56°11.9'N, 10°19.3'E. e. 55°16.5'N, 12°56.5'E.
b. 56°12.4'N, 10°18.0'E. f. 55°09.5'N, 12°41.1'E.
c. 56°13.3'N, 10°19.0'E. g. 55°04.8'N, 12°27.5'E.
d. 56°13.4'N, 10°19.6'E. h. 55°05.4'N, 12°21.2'E.
e. 56°13.0'N, 10°20.7'E. 8. West of Bornholn.—The area bounded by the line
Albaek Bugt.—Anchoring, fishing with bottom equipment, joining the following positions:
and sea bed activity are prohibited in an area bounded by a line a. 55°09.2'N, 13°04.7'E.
joining the following positions: b. 55°06.3'N, 13°20.2'E.
a. 57°35.5'N, 10°25.7'E. (Albaek Harbor) c. 55°05.3'N, 13°19.7'E.
b. 57°35.5'N, 10°39.7'E. d. 55°08.3'N, 13°04.1'E.
c. 57°30.3'N, 10°39.7'E. 9. West of Bornholm.—The area bounded by the line
e. 57°26.9'N, 10°32.7'E. a. 54°59.0'N, 13°19.1'E.
Baltic Sea—Bornholm.—Navigation is prohibited in the b. 54°57.8'N, 13°26.9'E.
following areas: c. 54°56.9'N, 13°26.3'E.
1. A circle with a radius of 0.5 mile centered on position d. 54°58.1'N, 13°18.7'E.
55°02.4'N, 14°38.0'E. 10. West of Bornholm.—The area bounded by the line
2. A circle with a radius of 0.3 mile centered on position joining the following positions:
55°04.7'N, 15°14.3'E. a. 54°49.1'N, 13°31.9'E.
3. A circle with a radius of 0.3 mile centered on position b. 54°49.1'N, 13°35.4'E.
55°21.1'N, 15°07.6'E. c. 54°48.1'N, 13°35.4'E.
d. 54°48.1'N, 13°31.9'E.
11. Southsouthwest of Ronne.—The circular area with a
Residual Danger from Bottom Mines radius of 0.5 mile centered on position 55°02.9'N, 14°39.8'E.
Due to the residual dangers of bottom mines or other objects 12. North of Bornholm.—The circular area with a radius
containing explosives, vessels are cautioned against anchoring, of 1 mile centered on position 55°33.0'N, 15°01.9'E.
fishing with bottom equipment, and seabed activity in the fol- 13. North of Bornholm.—The circular area with a radius
lowing danger areas listed below. of 0.3 mile centered on position 55°34.4'N, 15°13.1'E.
14. East of Bornholm.—The area bounded by a line join-
Baltic Sea ing the following positions:
1. South of Aero.—The area bounded by a line joining a. 55°03.8'N, 15°10.1'E.
Pub. 140
196 Denmark
b. 55°03.8'N, 15°11.4'E. line joining the following positions:
c. 55°02.1'N, 15°11.4'E. a. 57°35.5'N, 10°25.6'E. (Albaek Havn)
d. 55°02.1'N, 15°10.1'E. b. 57°35.5'N, 10°39.6'E.
15. East of Bornholm.—The area bounded by a line join- c. 57°30.3'N, 10°39.6'E.
ing the following positions: d. 57°26.9'N, 10°35.7'E.
a. 55°25.0'N, 15°31.9'E. e. 57°26.9'N, 10°33.6'E. (Frederikshavn Havn)
b. 55°25.0'N, 15°41.9'E. 7. East of Skagen.—The area bounded by a line joining
c. 55°23.0'N, 15°41.9'E. the following positions:
d. 55°23.0'N, 15°54.9'E. a. 57°44.5'N, 11°08.9'E.
e. 55°07.0'N, 15°54.9'E. b. 57°48.5'N, 11°29.9'E.
f. 55°07.0'N, 15°29.9'E. c. 57°44.9'N, 11°31.9'E.
g. 55°05.0'N, 15°29.9'E. d. 57°39.0'N, 11°02.6'E.
h. 55°05.0'N, 15°24.9'E. e. 57°42.5'N, 10°37.9'E.
i. 55°10.0'N, 15°24.9'E. 8. North of Laeso.—An area E of Tonneberg Bank
j. 55°10.0'N, 15°27.9'E. (57°28'N., 11°15'E.) and an area close NW of Osterby Havn,
k. 55°23.0'N, 15°27.9'E. with a radius of 150m centered on position 57°19.8'N,
l. 55°23.0'N, 15°31.9'E. 11°06.7'E.
16. East of Bornholm.—The circular area with a radius 9. The areas listed below are bounded by a circle, with a
of 3 miles centered on position 55°21.0'N, 15°37.1'E. radius of 0.5 mile, with their centers on the following posi-
17. East of Bornholm.—The circular area with a radius tions:
of 1 mile centered on position 55°16.0'N, 16°12.3'E. a. 57°45.5'N, 10°42.4'E.
18. East of Bornholm.—The circular area with a radius b. 57°36.8'N, 10°26.7'E.
of 1 mile centered on position 55°08.0'N, 16°10.5'E. c. 57°34.6'N, 10°40.7'E.
19. East of Bornholm.—At approximate position d. 57°30.5'N, 10°46.6'E.
52°12.3'N, 15°16.2'E (about 6 miles NE of Svaneke). e. 57°28.2'N, 11°19.3'E.
20. East of Bornholm.—The area bounded by a line join- f. 57°24.0'N, 11°31.6'E.
ing the following positions: g. 57°22.2'N, 11°25.8'E.
a. 55°03.1'N, 15°08.3'E. h. 56°49.9'N, 10°34.7'E.
b. 55°03.1'N, 15°09.4'E. i. 56°45.0'N, 11°29.7'E.
c. 55°02.5'N, 15°09.3'E. j. 56°42.3'N, 10°24.8'E.
d. 55°02.5'N, 15°08.2'E. k. 56°40.9'N, 11°29.5'E.
21. East of Bornholm.—The circular area with a radius l. 56°40.0'N, 11°19.7'E.
of 0.5 mile centered on position 55°02.2'N, 15°09.5'E. m. 56°39.4'N, 11°25.4'E.
22. East of Bornholm.—The circular area with a radius n. 56°36.5'N, 11°39.9'E.
of 0.5 mile centered on position 54°51.9'N, 16°00.8'E. o. 56°28.6'N, 11°19.7'E.
23. South of Bornholm.—The circular area with a radius p. 56°43.2'N, 11°38.2'E.
of 0.5 mile centered on position 54°37.0'N, 15°38.9'E. q. 56°19.7'N, 11°09.1'E.
24. South of Bornholm.—The circular area with a radius r. 56°18.0'N, 11°13.9'E.
of 0.5 mile centered on position 54°41.8'N, 15°02.4'E. s. 56°15.9'N, 11°28.2'E.
t. 56°13.0'N, 11°28.9'E.
u. 56°09.9'N, 10°21.2'E.
Kattegat v. 56°09.0'N, 10°26.7'E.
1. Northwest of Gillege.—The circular area with a radi- w. 56°03.5'N, 10°39.7'E.
us of 1 mile centered on position 56°13.5'N, 12°09.0'E. x. 56°00.0'N, 11°02.7'E.
2. Northeast of Gniben.—The area bounded by a line y. 55°57.5'N, 11°21.1'E.
joining the following positions: z. 55°51.0'N, 11°12.3'E.
a. 56°02.7'N, 11°17.2'E. aa. 55°25.8'N, 11°46.5'E.
b. 56°02.7'N, 10°20.4'E. ab. 56°00.7'N, 11°14.2'E.
c. 56°00.9'N, 10°20.4'E.
d. 56°00.9'N, 11°17.2'E.
3. Hjelm to Sjaellands Rev.—The area bounded by a Sundet
line joining the following positions: 1. Drogden.—The circular area with a radius of 0.5 mile
a. 56°04.3'N, 11°05.9'E. centered on position 55°36.4'N, 12°42.9'E.
b. 56°04.8'N, 10°47.5'E. 2. Koge Bugt.—The circular area with a radius of 0.5
c. 56°05.8'N, 10°47.5'E. mile centered on position 55°30.8'N, 12°33.0'E.
d. 56°05.3'N, 11°05.9'E.
4. Southwest of Anholt.—The circular area with a radius Storebaelt
of 2 miles centered on position 56°36.5'N, 11°28.7'E. Northeast of Albuen.—The circular area with a radius of
5. Jegens Bugt.—The circular area with a radius of 0.5 mile centered on position 54°52.5'N, 11°00.1'E.
150m centered on position 57°19.8'N, 11°06.6'E. Southeast of Samso.—The circular area with a radius of 0.5
6. Albaek Bugt.—The area bounded by the coast and a mile centered on position 55°46.1'N, 10°33.1'E.
Pub. 140
Denmark 197
Lillebaelt b. 55°30.1'N, 7°28.6'E.

1. Sandvig.—The circular area with a radius of 0.5 mile c. 55°29.1'N, 7°29.1'E.
centered on position 55°10.0'N, 9°36.3'E. d. 55°23.8'N, 6°51.9'E.
2. Between Aero and Als.—The area bounded by a line 5. Southwest of Horns Rev.—The area bounded by a
joining the following positions: line joining the following positions:
a. 54°50.0'N, 10°07.9'E. a. 55°22.0'N, 7°12.0'E.
b. 54°50.0'N, 10°14.9'E. b. 55°22.0'N, 7°16.2'E.
c. 54°47.0'N, 10°14.9'E. c. 55°19.5'N, 7°16.2'E.
d. 54°47.0'N, 10°07.9'E. d. 55°19.5'N, 7°12.0'E.
6. Northwest of Knudedyb.—The circular area with a
Limfjorden radius of 0.5 mile centered on position 55°20.7'N, 8°14.6'E.
1. North of Egholm.—The circular area with a radius of 7. West coast of Fano.—An area with a width of 1 mile,
250m centered on position 57°05.4'N, 9°49.6'E. limited to the N and S by the parallels 55°27.8'N, and
2. East of Fur.—The circular area with a radius of 0.5 55°16.9'N, respectively, and towards the E by the W coast of
mile centered on position 56°49.0'N, 9°08.7'E. Fano and by a line joining the following positions:
3. Lovns Bredning.—The circular area with a radius of a. 55°20.2'N, 8°28.1'E.
0.5 mile centered on position 56°3.05'N, 9°03.9'E. b. 55°17.3'N, 8°32.6'E.
Skagerrak Navigational Information

1. Between Denmark and Norway.—The area bounded
by a line joining the following positions: Enroute Volumes
a. Lodbjerg Light. Pub. 192, Sailing Directions (Enroute) North Sea.
b. 57°00.0'N, 7°44.9'E. Pub. 193, Sailing Directions (Enroute) Skagerrak and Katte-
c. 57°35.0'N, 6°59.9'E. gat.
d. Lista Light. Pub. 194, Sailing Directions (Enroute) Baltic Sea (Southern
and to the E by a line joining the following positions: Part).
e. Bragerna (57°0.08'N, 8°54.9'E).
f. Lillesand (Saltholmen Light).
g. 57°40.0'N, 8°54.9'E. Maritime Claims
2. Southeast of Arendal.—The area bounded by a line The maritime territorial claims of Denmark are, as follows:
joining the following positions:
a. 58°14.0'N, 9°26.9'E. Territorial Sea * 12 miles. **
b. 58°16.0'N, 9°26.9'E. Contiguous Zone 24 miles.
c. 58°19.1'N, 9°40.2'E.
d. 58°17.0'N, 9°40.2'E. Fisheries or Economic Zone 200 miles.
3. The areas listed below are bounded by a circle, with a Continental Shelf Depth of 200m or the limit
radius of 0.5 mile, with their centers on the following posi- of Exploitation.
tions:
a. 57°57.0'N, 11°17.9'E. * Claims straight baselines. Advance permission or notifi-
b. 57°54.0'N, 11°13.7'E. cation for innocent passage of warships in the territorial sea
c. 57°45.5'N, 10°42.4'E. only required for more than three warships at once.
d. 57°46.0'N, 10°10.6'E. ** Territorial sea limits reduced in the following areas to
e. 57°44.6'N, 9°51.7'E. retain a high seas corridor:
f. 57°26.1'N, 9°03.7'E. 1. Kattegat.
g. 57°45'.0N, 8°59.0'E. 2. Northern and southern approaches to The Sound.
3. Samso Baelt.
North Sea 4. Kadet Renden.
1. West coast of Jylland.—The area along the W coast 5. Fehmarn Belt.
of Denmark at a distance of 1 mile from the coast between 6. Kieler Bucht.
the parallels of 55°49.0'N and 56°52.9'N. 7. Bornholmsgat.
2. East of Horns Rev.—The circular area with a radius
of 0.1 mile centered on position 55°34.4'N, 7°59.59'E. The territorial sea of Denmark is claimed by using strait
3. Horns Rev.—The area bounded by a line joining the baselines. The area outside the baselines is known as the Outer
following positions: Territorial Sea; the area inside the baselines is known as the In-
a. 55°45.5'N, 7°43.6'E. ner Territorial Sea. Foreign vessels may enter the Inner Territo-
b. 55°44.6'N, 7°48.4'E. rial Sea only with permission after giving advanced notice.
c. 55°32.8'N, 7°43.0'E.
d. 55°34.1'N, 7°36.2'E. Maritime Boundary Disputes
4. Southwest of Horns Rev.—The area bounded by a It has been reported (2008) that Canada, Denmark, Green-
line joining the following positions: land, Norway, Russia, and the United States have agreed to let
a. 55°25.0'N, 6°51.4'E. the United Nations rule on their overlapping territorial claims
Pub. 140
198 Denmark
in the coastal waters of the Arctic Ocean. Coastal states may Pilots for Sundet (The Sound) board in the following posi-
claim the sea bed beyond the normal 200-mile limit if the sea tions:
bed is part of a continental shelf of shallower waters. For fur- a. 57°47.0'N, 10°38.0'E or 57°44.0'N, 10°45.0'E (Ska-
ther information, see Pub. 180, Sailing Directions (Planning gen).
Guide) Arctic Ocean (Arctic Ocean—Navigational Informa- b. 56°07.5'N, 12°30.0'E (Helsingor).
tion—Maritime Boundary Disputes.) c. 55°46.0'N, 12°42.0'E (Kobenhavn).
It has been reported (2009) that the United Nations has con- d. 55°31.0'N, 12°43.0'E (Drogden).
curred with Norway’s Arctic claim, which will eventually lead e. 55°20.0'N, 14°47.0'E (Bornholm).
to an expansion of Norwegian territory in the Arctic region. Vessels on a non-stop transit (Bornolm-Skagen or Gedser-
Dispute with Iceland, the United Kingdom, and Ireland over sakgen and vice versa) with a draft of 11m and over should em-
the Faroe Islands’ continental shelf boundary outside 200 ploy two pilots.
miles. Vessels should use the pilotage service established by the
governments of Denmark and Sweden. However, Danish pilots
Internet Maritime Safety Information may not conduct pilotage E of the island of Ven; Swedish pilots
Navigational warnings are available, in English and Danish, may not use the Drogden traffic lane.
from the Danish Maritime Authority (http://www.dma.dk/ Swedish pilots (Sound Pilots) are ordered 5 hours in advance
Ships/Sider/MaritimeSafetyInformation.aspx). via VTS Malmo and can be contacted, as follows:
1. Telephone: 46-40204352 (for ports between Vaster-
Deep-Water Routes kik and Simrishamn)
See Baltic Sea—Navigational Information—Deep-Water 46-40-204351 (for ports between Ystad
Routes. and Hoganas)
2. Facsimile: 46-40-301868
Pilotage 3. E-mail: [email protected]
4. Web site: http://www.sjofartsverket.se
Deep Sea Pilotage Danish pilots are ordered through DanPilot-Danish State Pi-
For information on requesting Deep Sea Pilotage in the Bal- lotage and can be contacted through the information contained
tic Sea, see Baltic Sea—Pilotage. in the table titled Denmark—Pilotage Ordering Offices.
Recommended Pilotage General

Pilotage is recommended through Route T by IMO Resolu- Pilotage is compulsory for the following vessels entering
tion MSC 138(76) for the following vessels: Danish internal and external waters and destined for a Danish
1. Vessels with a draft of 11m or greater. port, loading to or from another vessel in Danish territorial wa-
2. All vessels carrying irradiated nuclear fuel, plutonium, ters (ship-to-ship transfers), or requiring to anchor in Danish
or highly radioactive waste as defined in the INF Code, re- territorial waters:
gardless of size. 1. Vessels carrying oil or having uncleaned cargo tanks
Pilots for Route T board in the following positions: that have not been inerted.
a. 57°47.0'N, 10°38.0'E or 57°44.0'N, 10°45.0'E (Ska- 2. Vessels carrying chemicals.
gen). 3. Vessels carrying gases.
b. 56°24.0'N, 11°05.0'E (Grenaa). 4. Vessels with more than 5,000 tons of bunker fuel oil.
c. 55°23.5'N, 11°00.0'E (Sprogo NE). 5. Vessels carrying highly radioactive cargo.
d. 54°40.7'N, 10°46.2'E or 54°45.0'N, 10°52.4'E (Store- 6. Towed vessels 150 gross tons and over or with an loa
baelt (Great Belt)). of 28m or greater in dredged or marked channels when enter-
e. 54°37.0'N, 12°16.0'E (Gedser). ing or leaving the harbor. When the towed vessel is not
f. 55°20.0'N, 14°47.0'E (Bornholm). manned or cannot be propelled by its engines, the tugs shall
Pilotage is also recommended by IMO Resolution MSC use a pilot.
138(76) for the following vessels when transiting Sundet (The Pilotage is not compulsory for the following vessels:
Sound): 1. Danish vessels flying a foreign flag which are entitled
1. Loaded oil tankers with a draft of 7m and over. to navigate without a pilot.
2. Loaded chemical tankers and gas carriers, regardless of 2. Vessels designed exclusively to carry liquid carbon di-
size. oxide in bulk.
3. Vessels carrying shipments of irradiated nuclear fuel, 3. Offshore support vessels carrying (in bulk) acetic acid,
plutonium, or high level radioactive waste (INF cargo). hydrochloric acid, hydrofluoric acid, liquid carbon dioxide,
The limits of the area where this pilotage is recommended is, or liquid nitrogen.
as follows: Compulsory pilotage does not apply in the following areas:
1. North limit—A line connecting Svinbaden Light 1. Fano Bugt (55°20'N., 8°00'E.)—The waters S of lati-
(56°09'N., 12°33'E.) in Sweden and Hornbaek Harbor tude 55°25.0'N and W of a line extending NNE/SSW
(56°06'N., 12°28'E.) in Denmark. through position 55°25.0'N, 8°12.5'E.
2. South limit—A line connecting Skanor Harbor 2. The North Sea and Skagerrak—In the Outer Territorial
(55°25'N., 12°50'E.) in Sweden and Alfandshage (55°33'N., Waters N of latitude 55°25.0'N and W of longitude
12°36'E.), the southernmost point of Amager Island in Den- 10°39.0'E, provided that the vessel is more than 3 miles from
mark. the baseline. For information on the Outer Territorial Sea,
Pub. 140
Denmark 199
see Navigational Information. 38. Randers Fjord (56°36'N., 10°18'E.), including Rand-
3. Kattegat— ers (56°28'N., 10°04'E.).
a. Waters N of latitude 57°39.0'N provided that the 39. Rudkobing (54°56'N., 10°42'E.).
vessel is more than 3 miles from the baseline. 40. Rodby Havn (54°39'N., 11°4210'E.).
b. Route A. 41. Ronne (55°06'N., 14°41'E.).
c. Route T—N of latitude 56°29.0'N when the vessel’s 42. Skagen (The Skaw) (57°43'N., 10°36'E.).
draft is less than 11m. 43. Soby (54°57'N., 10°16'E.).
4. Langelandsbaelt— 44. Stevns Pier (55°19'N., 12°27'E.).
a. Route H—S of latitude 54°48.0'N. 45. Stigsnaes (55°12'N., 11°15'E.), including Gulfhavn.
b. Route T—S of latitude 54°48.0'N when the vessel’s 46. Storebaelt (Great Belt) (55°20'N., 11°02'E.).
draft is less than 11m. 47. Studstrupvaerket (56°15'N., 10°21'E.).
5. Baltic Sea—Waters surrounding Bornholm and Erthol- 48. Svendborg (55°03'N., 10°37'E.).
mene, provided that the vessel is more than 3 miles from the 49. Sonderborg (54°55'N., 9°47'E.).
baseline. 50. Svendborg (55°03'N., 10°37'E.).
Ordering Deep Sea Pilots or Harbor Pilots can be carried out 51. Tuborg (55°54'N., 12°35'E.).
directly with the State Pilot Service or with a private pilot. 52. Vejle (55°42'N., 9°34'E.).
Contact information for the ordering offices which accept pilot 53. Vordingborg (55°00'N., 11°55'E.).
bookings are given in the accompanying table titled Den- The following ports utilize pilots not provided by DanPilot-
mark—Pilotage Ordering Offices. Danish State Pilotage but pilots may still be ordered using the
DanPilot-Danish State Pilotage.—DanPilot-Danish State above procedures:
Pilotage provides pilotage for: 1. Aalborg (57°03'N., 9°56'E.).
1. Aabenraa (55°02'N., 9°26'E.). 2. Arhus (55°10'N., 10°14'E.).
2. Aarhus (transit) (56°10'N., 10°14'E.). 3. Aggersund (57°00'N., 9°18'E.).
3. Aeroskobing (54°54'N., 10°25'E.). 4. Bogense (55°34'N., 10°05'E.).
4. Allinge (55°17'N., 14°48'E.). 5. Ebeltoft (56°12'N., 10°40'E.).
5. Asnaesverkets (55°40'N., 11°04'E.). 6. Fur Havn (56°48'N., 9°01'E.).
6. Assens (55°16'N., 9°53'E.). 7. Egernsund (54°55'N., 9°36'E.).
7. Bandholm (54°50'N., 11°30'E.). 8. Grasten (54°55'N., 9°36'E.).
8. Dragor (55°36'N., 12°41'E.). 9. Hantsholm Havn (57°08'N., 8°36'E.).
9. Drogden (55°36'N., 12°42'E.). 10. Hirstshals Havn (57°36'N., 9°58'E.).
10. Enstedsvaerket (55°01'N., 9°26'E.). 11. Hvide Sande (56°00'N., 8°07'E.).
11. Esbjerg (55°29'N., 8°25'E.). 12. Kerteminde (55°27'N., 10°40'E.).
12. Faaborg (55°06'N., 10°14'E.). 13. Lemvig (56°33'N., 8°18'E.).
13. Fredericia (55°33'N., 9°45'E.). 14. Logstor (56°58'N., 9°15'E.).
14. Fredrikshavn (57°26'N., 10°33'E.). 15. Nexo (55°04'N., 15°08'E.).
15. Fredrikssund (55°51'N., 12°03'E.). 16. Norresundby (57°03'N., 9°56'E.).
16. Frederiksvaerk (Stalvalsvaerks Havn) (55°58'N., 17. Nykobing Mors (56°48'N., 8°52'E.).
12°01'E.). 18. Oddersund (56°35'N., 8°34'E.).
17. Gedser (54°34'N., 11°56'E.). 19. Romo Havn (55°05'N., 8°34'E.).
18. Grenaa (56°25'N., 10°56'E.). 20. Saeby (57°20'N., 10°32'E.).
19. Gulfhaven (55°12'N., 11°15'E.). 21. Skagen (57°43'N., 10°36'E.).
20. Helsingor (Elsinore) (56°02'N., 12°37'E.). 22. Skive (56°34'N., 9°03'E.).
21. Horsens (55°51'N., 9°52'E.). 23. Struer (56°30'N., 8°35'E.).
22. Hundested (55°58'N., 11°51'E.). 24. Thisted (56°57'N., 8°42'E.).
23. Kalundborg (55°40'N., 11°05'E.). 25. Thorsminde (56°22'N., 8°07'E.).
24. Kobenhavn (55°42'N., 12°37'E.). 26. Thyboron (56°42'N., 8°14'E.).
25. Koge (55°27'N., 12°12'E.). Vessels should also see the appropriate Sailing Directions
26. Kolding (55°30'N., 9°30'E.). (Enroute) for further details of these pilotage areas.
27. Korsor (55°20'N., 11°07'E.). Danish Pilot Service—Danish Pilot Service provides pilot-
28. Lillebelt (55°21'N., 9°51'E.). age service for:
29. Mariager Fjord (56°42'N., 10°20'E.), including Hobro 1. Aabenraa (55°02'N., 9°26'E.)—Sea and harbor pilot-
(56°38'N., 9°48'E.) Hadsund (56°43'N., 10°07'E.), and age.
Kongsdal (56°41'N., 10°04'E.). 2. Aalborg, Limfjorden (57°03'N., 9°56'E.).
30. Marstal (54°51'N., 10°31'E.). 3. Aggersund, Limfjorden (57°00'N., 9°18'E.).
31. Middelfart (55°30'N., 9°44'E.). 4. Arhus (55°10'N., 10°14'E.)—Sea pilotage.
32. Naestved (55°14'N., 11°45'E.). 5. Enstedsvaerket (55°01'N., 9°26'E.)—Sea and harbor
33. Nakskov (54°50'N., 11°07'E.). pilotage.
34. Nyborg (55°18'N., 10°48'E.). 6. Fredericia (55°33'N., 9°45'E.)—Sea and harbor pilot-
35. Nykobing, Falster (54°46'N., 11°52'E.). age
36. Odense (55°25'N., 10°23'E.). 7. Fur Havn, Limfjorden (56°48'N., 9°01'E.).
37. Orehoved (54°58'N., 11°51'E.). 8. Gulfhavn (55°12'N., 11°15'E.)—Sea pilotage.
Pub. 140
200 Denmark
9. Holstebro-Struer, Limfjorden (56°30'N., 8°35'E.). the entrance to Limfjorden West.
10. Kalundborg (55°40'N., 11°05'E.)—Sea and harbor The following information should be supplied with the re-
pilotage. quest for pilotage:
11. Lemvig, Limfjorden (56°33'N., 8°18'E.). 1. Vessel’s name, call sign, and IMO number.
12. Logstor, Limfjorden (56°58'N., 9°15'E.). 2. Gross tonnage, loa, beam, draft, and speed.
13. Nordjyllandsvaerket, Limfjorden (57°04'N., 3. Name of cargo under IBC codes.
10°02'E.). 4. ETA at pilot boarding position.
14. Nykobing, Limfjorden (56°48'N., 8°52'E.). 5. Destination for pilotage.
15. Oddesund, Limfjorden (56°35'N., 8°34'E.). 6. Any faults affecting the vessel’s maneuverability.
16. Skive, Limfjorden (56°34'N., 9°03'E.). 7. Contact and payment information.
17. Stignaes (55°12'N., 11°15'E.)—Sea pilotage. 8. Payer’s information.
18. Thisted, Limfjorden (56°57'N., 8°42'E.).
19. Thyboron, Limfjorden (56°42'N., 8°14'E.).
20. Vilsund, Limfjorden (56°53., 8°38.). Pollution
Danish Pilot Service can be contacted through the informa-
tion contained in the table titled Denmark—Pilotage Order- All incidents, including maritime casualties, which involve a
ing Offices. discharge or dumping of oil or other harmful substances, shall
be reported to the Joint Rescue Coordination Center (JRCC)
Pilot Ordering Arhus or Lyngby Radio, which can be contacted, as follows:
DanPilot-Danish State Pilotage.—Inbound vessels should 1. JRCC Denmark
send a request for pilotage 18 hours in advance, with confirma- a. Telephone: 45-72-850380
tion or correction sent 4 hours in advance. b. Facsimile: 45-72-850384
Outbound vessels should send a request for pilotage 4 hours c. E-mail: [email protected]
in advance and confirmed or corrected 1 hour prior to depar- 2. Lyngby Radio
ture. a. Telephone: 45-66-634800
DanPilot-Danish State Pilotage offices will also forward pi- b. Facsimile: 45-45-882485
lot order requests for private pilotage service providers. c. E-mail: [email protected]
Danish Pilot Service.—Pilot are ordered, as follows:
1. Skagen, Storebaelt South, and Gedser—ordered 24
hours and 12 hours in advance by e-mail or telephone, with Dangerous or Polluting Cargo
confirmation sent 6 hours prior to ETA by telephone. In order to prevent and reduce the damage to the environ-
2. Pols Rev, Route T Lighted Buoy No. 21, Route T ment in case of an incident involving vessels carrying danger-
Lighted Buoy No. 23, Fredericia Roads, Kaludborg Roads, ous or polluting cargo, the Danish authorities require that such
and Aabenraa Roads—ordered at least 6 hours in advance by vessels provide certain information, as contained in Danish
telephone. Statutory Order No. 258 of May 1, 1999 on the Provision of In-
3. Limfjorden—ordered 6 hours in advance, with confir- formation on Dangerous or Polluting Goods on Board Vessels
mation sent 3 hours prior to ETA at Hals 1, Hals 2, Hals 3, or (Ministry for the Environment and Energy).
Denmark—Pilotage Ordering Offices

DanPilot-Danish State Pilotage Danish Pilot Service
Call sign (name of station) Pilot —
VHF frequency VHF channel 87 VHF channels 12 and 16
Telephone 45-63-256666 45-75-914496
Facsimile 45-63-256649 45-75-914493
Internet http://www.danpilot.dk http://www.danishpilotservice.dk
Vessels passing through Danish waters, not bound to or com- • Telephone: 45-72-851800
ing from a Danish port, and anchoring in Danish waters, are re- • Facsimile: 45-56-910444
quired to report to the Danish authorities, as follows: • E-mail: [email protected]
1. Maritime Surveillance Center North:
• Telephone: 45-72-650651 (24 hours) Monitoring Single Hull Tankers
• Facsimile: 45-99-221538 The transport of heavy grade oils is not allowed on single
• E-mail: [email protected] (24 hours) hull tankers of certain sizes and ages. Denmark, Estonia, Fin-
[email protected] (office hours) land, Latvia, Norway, and Sweden have adopted measures to
2. Maritime Surveillance Center South (in the Baltic Sea monitor the observance of theses regulations.
S and E of Sjaelland and Funen): Vessels may be contacted by shore stations and requested to
Pub. 140
Denmark 201
give the following information: 8. Langelandsbaelt South.

1. Type of cargo on board. 9. Boto Ost (54°37'N., 12°00'E.).
2. Density of oil cargo at a temperature of 15°C. 10. Ronne (55°06'N., 14°42'E.).
3. Kinematic viscosity of oil cargo at a temperature of The following areas have been designated as places of refuge
50°C. for vessels in distress and which pose a low risk of pollution:
4. Destination. 1. Pakhusbugt (56°43'N., 11°38'E.).
The following shore stations may initiate these requests: 2. Koge Flak East.
1. Denmark—Naval District Bornholm or Naval District 3. Romso South.
Kattegat. 4. Kalundborg Fjord (55°43'N., 11°00'E.).
2. Estonia—Tallinn Traffic. 5. Tragten.
3. Finland—Helsinki Traffic. 6. Agerso Sund North.
4. Latvia—MRCC Riga. 7. Vang Pier (55°15'N., 14°44'E.).
5. Norway—Brevik VTS or Fedje VTS. 8. Tejn (55°15'N., 14°50'E.).
6. Sweden—Sound VTS. Other locations may be designated by the Danish Maritime
Further information can be obtained at the European Mari- Assistance Service as necessary.
time Safety Agency (EMSA) Home Page.
Regulations
EMSA Home Page During maneuvers, regular exercises, or for other reasons,
http://www.emsa.europa.eu vessels may be prohibited from entering or leaving Kobenhavn
and certain Danish inner waters, or to make such navigation
http://www.emsa.eu.int subject to special regulations. At such times a warning signal
consisting of three red balls by day, and three red lights, verti-
cally disposed, at night will be displayed from conspicuous po-
MARPOL Special Area
The Baltic Sea, including the Gulf of Bothnia and the Gulf of sitions. Similar signals will be displayed by patrol vessels.
Finland, has been designated as a MARPOL Special Area. Vessels desiring to enter or leave Danish waters and having
observed the warning signals should display the pilot flag and
MARPOL Special Areas are sea areas where special mandato-
ry methods for the prevention of oil pollution in the sea have await the arrival of the patrol or pilot vessel.
been adopted. Vessels in Danish territorial waters must display their nation-
al flag both by day and at night.
Further information can be found in North Atlantic Patrol and pilot vessels will give further information as nec-
Ocean—Pollution—MARPOL Special Areas. essary to incoming vessels. Vessels leaving Danish harbors
This Special Area is under intensive surveillance for pollu- should obtain the necessary information beforehand.
tion and violations of traffic rules. Further information on pol- Danish law requires all vessels within Danish waters to carry
lution reporting can be found in Baltic Sea—Pollution— updated charts and navigational publications appropriate to the
Pollution Reporting. intended voyage and imposes the duty upon masters to be
properly informed of all relevant regulations and navigational
Places of Refuge—North Sea information.
In accordance with European Union directives and IMO With the object of ensuring the safety of navigation of large
guidelines, the following areas have been designated as places ships passing through Danish waters, and also of reducing the
of refuge for vessels in distress and which pose a high risk of risk of oil pollution resulting from the grounding and collision
pollution: of tankers, the Danish government has established a transit
1. Esbjerg (55°28'N., 8°26'E.). route between Skagen and the area NE of Gedser with a mini-
2. Hantsholm (57°08'N., 8°36'E.). mum depth of water 17m. The route, named Route T, is recom-
3. Hirtshals (57°36'N., 9°58'E.). mended in Danish waters for those vessels over 40,000 dwt or
4. Thyboron (56°42'N., 8°14'E.). with a draft of 13m.
Other locations may be designated by the Danish Maritime The route is marked by lights and lighted buoys. Danish pi-
Assistance Service as necessary. lotage assistance is available.
Under ice conditions Danish icebreakers, as far as possible,
Places of Refuge—Baltic Sea render free assistance to shipping.
In accordance with European Union directives and IMO In spite of the good buoyage, navigation through Danish wa-
guidelines, the following areas have been designated as places ters presents, however, in certain areas difficulties to large
of refuge for vessels in distress and which pose a high risk of ships on account of narrow waters, sharp bends and shallow
pollution: depths. Furthermore, there is intensive eastbound and west-
1. Frederickshavn (57°26'N., 10°33'E.). bound ferry traffic in Store Baelt, particularly in the area im-
2. Albaek Bugt (57°36'N., 10°26'E.). mediately S of Sprogo.
3. Gremaa Havn (56°25'N., 10°56'E.). Therefore, a radio reporting service (SHIPPOS) has been es-
4. Kobrnhavens Red anchorages (55°42'N., 12°36'E.). tablished in the Danish waters of the Baltic Sea, including the
5. Kalundborg (55°40'N., 11°05'E.). transit route known as Route T.
6. Knudshoved Havn (55°18'N., 10°51'E.). Vessels over 50m long passing S of German Bight Lightfloat
7. Lindholm Terminal (55°18'N., 10°48'E.). (54°11'N., 7°28'E.) must report to German Bight Traffic. Fur-
Pub. 140
202 Denmark
ther information may be found in Sector 8 of Pub. 192, Sailing A PSSA is an area that requires special protection because of
Directions (Enroute) North Sea. its vulnerability to damage caused by marine activities. Vessels
operating in or near such an area should exercise the utmost
Danish Harbor Regulations care to avoid damage to the maritime environment and the ma-
Extracts are, as follows: rine organisms in it. No waste should be discharged overboard.
Article 2. Vessels lying at anchor in a harbor or roadstead, or
in pilotage waters in the vicinity of the same, must display in Navigation Through Danish Waters
the fore part of the vessel, where it can best be seen, a black The English-language publication “Navigation Through
ball 0.6m in diameter. Danish Waters” can be accessed through the Danish Maritime
Article 5.. Before entering a harbor or proceeding to a pier, Authority, as follows:
vessels must display their national flag.
Article 6. No vessel may anchor in a harbor or proceed Navigation Through Danish Waters
alongside a pier, except in a case of necessity, until permission
has been obtained from the harbor authority. http://www.frv.dk/en/ifm/navigation/navigation_ntdw.htm
Article 8. The master of a vessel, or agent, must report to the
harbor authority and furnish all information required before a European Union Expanded Inspection (EI) Notification
vessel can be allotted a berth. Under European Union (EU) Directive 2009/16/EC, the Eu-
No vessel carrying inflammable liquids or explosive goods ropean Union has introduced a mandatory reporting system for
as cargo may enter a harbor or approach a pier until the harbor vessels arriving at or departing from a port or anchorage in the
authority has been informed of all details concerning such car- EU region.
go. The report should be sent to the port authorities,
Article 13. Vessels with inflammable liquids or explosive For further information, see North Atlantic Ocean—Regu-
goods as cargo shall on entering a harbor and during her stay in lations—European Union Expanded Inspection (EI) Notifi-
the harbor with such cargo on board, exhibit flag B, of the In- cation.
ternational Code of Signals by day, or a red light at night, at the
foremast head, or, if the vessel has no mast, on a staff erected European Union Dangerous and Polluting Cargo Notifica-
for the purpose at least 3m in height. tion
Articles 20, 21, and 33. Vessels loading and unloading in- Under European Union (EU) Directive 2002/59/EC, as
flammable liquids may only do so from approved berths and amended by EU Directive 2009/17/EC, any vessel over 300
legitimate storage tanks. gross tons and any vessel carrying dangerous or polluting cargo
Loading and unloading directly from or to railway tankers, bound to or leaving from EU ports should report to the relevant
tanker lorries or similar transportable containers may be al- port authority at least 24 hours in advance.
lowed in exceptional cases by permission of the Fire Service, For further information, see Baltic Sea—Regulations—Eu-
after prior declaration to the Ministry of Justice consultant for ropean Union Dangerous and Polluting Cargo Notifica-
inflammable substances. The address is Kobenhavn Fire Ser- tions.
vice, Vester Voldgade 80, Kobenhavn K.
These regulations do not affect vessels bunkering. Search and Rescue
Quarantine The Joint Rescue Coordination Center (JRCC) Denmark co-
Quarantine messages must be sent between 12 hours and 4 ordinates all search and rescue operations. However, JRCC
hours prior to the vessel’s ETA and should reach quarantine au- Denmark has no direct radio communication with vessels in
thorities between 0700 and 2100. The messages should be ad- distress.
dressed “Quarantine (name of port).” The ports accepting these All communication is through MSC Kattegat and coast radio
messages are Alborg, Arhus, Esbjerg, Frederikshavn, Koben- stations, which all maintain a continuous listening watch on all
havn, and Odense. international distress frequencies.
Contact information is, as follows:
Recommendation on Baltic Sea Navigation 1. JRCC Denmark
The IMO has issued recommendations regarding vessel tran- a. Telephone: 45-72-850380
sits of the entrances to the Baltic Sea. For further information, b. Facsimile: 45-72-850384
see Baltic Sea—Regulations. c. E-mail: [email protected]
2. Maritime Assistance Service—JRCC Denmark
Particularly Sensitive Sea Areas (PSSA) a. Telephone: 45-72-850370
The Wadden Sea and adjacent parts of the North Sea in the b. E-mail: [email protected]
common Wadden Sea area of Denmark, Germany, and the 3. MSC Kattegat
Netherlands were granted (2002) the status of PSSA by the In- a. Telephone: 45-99-221520
ternational Maritime Organization. For further information, see b. Facsimile: 45-99-221538
North Sea and English Channel Sea—Regulations. c. E-mail: [email protected]
The Baltic Sea area of Sweden, Denmark, Finland, Estonia, Rescue craft on the Baltic Sea coast are maintained at the
Lithuania, Latvia, Poland, and Germany (except for waters un- following locations:
der Russian jurisdiction) has been declared by the IMO to be a 1. Ronne (55°06'N., 14°42'E.).
PSSA. 2. Nexo (55°04'N., 15°09'E.).
Pub. 140
Denmark 203
3. Skagen (57°43'N., 10°36'E.). 1. By day.—A black ball.

4. Saeby (57°20'N., 10°32'E.). 2. By night.—Two red lights, vertically disposed.
5. Osterby (57°19'N., 11°08'E.).
6. Anholt (57°43'N., 10°31'E.). Diving signals
7. Grenaa (56°25'N., 10°56'E.). Flag “A” of the International Code, illuminated at night, de-
8. Klintholm (56°57'N., 10°28'E.). notes that a diver is at work. Vessels must pass with great cau-
9. Gedser (54°34'N., 10°56'E.). tion and, as far as possible, with their engines stopped.
Rescue craft on the North Sea coast are maintained at the
following locations: Restricted Maneuvering Signals
1. Romo Havn (55°05'N., 8°34'E.). A vessel which, because of its length or draft when navigat-
2. Sonderho (55°21'N., 8°28'E.). ing in a narrow channel, is obliged to keep to the deeper part of
3. Esbjerg (55°28'N., 8°6'E.). the channel, may display the following signals as a warning to
4. Hvide Sande (56°00'N., 8°07'E.). other shipping that it is unable to maneuver freely:
5. Thorsminde Havn (56°22'N., 8°3074'E.). 1. By day.—A black cylinder at least 3m in length and
6. Thyboron Havn (56°43'N., 8°14'E.). 1m in diameter.
7. Vester Agger (56°47'N., 8°14'E.). 2. By night.—Three red lights, vertically disposed, at
8. Norre Vorupor (56°58'N., 8°22'E.). least 2m apart and visible all round the horizon at a range of
9. Hanstholm Havn (57°08'N., 8°36'E.). at least 2 miles, in addition to normal navigational lights.
10. Torup Strand (57°08'N., 9°07'E.). The sound signal D in Morse code may be also made by day
11. Lonstrup (57°28'N., 9°48'E.). or night.
12. Hirtshals Havn (57°36'N., 9°58'E.). When towing, the signals are shown by the vessel being
towed.
Ship Reporting System In certain channels within the territorial waters of Denmark,
a vessel displaying the above signals has undisputed right of
BELTREP way, and all other vessels are obliged to keep clear.
BELTREP, a mandatory ship reporting system for all vessels
of 50 gross tons and over or with an air draft of 15m and over, Cable or Chain Ferries
operates in the N and central parts of Store Baelt and is operat- Cable or chain ferries display three red all-around lights po-
ed by Great Belt VTS. For further information, see Sector 2 in sitioned in a triangle with its apex at the top.
Pub. 194, Sailing Directions (Enroute) Baltic Sea (Southern
Part). Warning Signals for Fishing Vessels
Warning signals for fishing vessels, maintained by the Dan-
SOUNDREP ish fishing association, are shown from a number of locations
SOUNDREP, a mandatory ship reporting system, has been along the W coast of Jutland. The signals are shown from a
established between Denmark and Sweden in the central and mast, about 12m high, with a yard. In poor visibility, sound sig-
southern parts of The Sound in order to improve safety and nals are given by horn. In hazy weather Signal No. 1 may be
protect the marine environment. This reporting system, which accompanied by the firing of a gun by day or of a rocket at
is operated by Sound VTS, includes a Reporting Area and an night.
inner Operational Area. The landing place is marked by the alignment of the follow-
The Operational Area of SOUNDREP covers the entire area ing signals:
of The Sound, as well as the N and S approaches to The Sound. 1. By day—A red and white flag.
Participation in SOUNDREP is mandatory for all vessels of 2. At night—Two red lights.
300 gross tons and over proceeding to or from ports or anchor- In reduced visibility a sound signal of three long blasts is
ages in The Sound or when passing through the reporting area. made, similar to Signal No. 1.
For further information, see Sector 1 in Pub. 194, Sailing Di- These signals are shown at the following locations:
rections (Enroute) Baltic Sea (Southern Part.) 1. About 0.7 mile N of Stenbjerg Beacon (56°55'N.,
8°21'E.).
Signals 2. Norre Vorupor (56°58'N., 8°22'E.).
3. Lild Strand (57°09'N., 8°58'E.).
Dredge signals 4. Torup Strand.
Dredge signals, in addition to those prescribed by the Inter- 5. Lonstrup.
national Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea, are given
below. Either the signal permitting passage or the signal pro- Submarine Operating Areas
hibiting it may, if necessary, be shown from both sides of the
dredge simultaneously. Danish naval vessels escorting exercising submarines dis-
Vessels may pass on the side on which the following signals play the Answering Pennant and the signal HP from the Inter-
are shown: national Code of Signals.
1. By day.—A black diamond. Danish submarines underway on the surface display, in addi-
2. By night—Two green lights, vertically disposed. tion to the required navigation lights, a quick flashing blue
Vessels may not pass on the side on which the following sig- light, at 115 flashes per minute, positioned 1m above the mast-
nals are shown: head light, visible for a distance of 5 miles.
Pub. 140
204 Denmark
Danish submarines are equipped with telephone buoys, used 1. In Bornholmsgat. (IMO adopted)
only in distress, which can be released from a submerged sub- 2. South of Gedser. (IMO adopted)
marine. The buoys are fitted with a flashing light and a green 3. Between Korsoer and Sprogoe (Korsor and Sprogo).
triangular flag. A plate on the upper side gives instructions for (IMO adopted)
use. 4. Hatter Barn. (IMO adopted)
Vessels sighting this buoy should contact the submarine by 5. In The Sound. (IMO adopted)
means of the telephone. Do not moor to the buoy, as this may 6. Off Falsterborev. (IMO adopted)
damage the attached cable. A report, which should include all
relevant information, should be sent immediately to the Danish
naval authorities. U.S. Embassy
Submarines, both surfaced and dived, exercise frequently in
the areas WSW and NNW of Helgoland (54°11'N., 7°53'E.).
A submarine exercise area is located in the S part of Lille- The U.S. Embassy is situated at Dag Hammarskjolds Alle
baelt about 7.5 miles S of Pols Huk (54°53'N., 10°04'E.). 24, Copenhagen.
Time Zone 1. Denmark address—
Dag Hammarskjolds Alle 24
The Time Zone description is ALFA (-1). Daylight Savings 2100 Copenhagen
Time (BRAVO (-2)) is observed from the last Sunday in March 2. U. S. address—
until the last Sunday in October. Unit 5280
APO AE (09716)
Traffic Separation Schemes
U. S. Embassy Denmark Home Page
Traffic Separation Schemes (TSS) in Denmark are, as fol- http://dk.usembassy.gov
lows:
Denmark—Warning Signals for Fishing Vessels

Signal Day Night Sound signal Meaning
Sea is rising but landing
No. 1 One black ball at the masthead One white light at the masthead ———
here is still possible.
There is danger. Seek
One black ball at the masthead One white light at the masthead
No. 2 and .— or —. landing along the coast in
with a second black ball at one with a second white light at one
No. 3 respectively the direction of the lower
or the other yardarm or the other yardarm
ball/lower light.
One black ball at the masthead One white light at the masthead
with a black ball at each with a white light at each
No. 4 —..— Await the lifeboat.
yardarm (forms a triangle, yardarm (forms a triangle, point
point up) up)
Pub. 140
205
DOMINICA

Buoyage System 205
Government 205 Chart No. 1 for further IALA Buoyage System information.
Holidays 206 Many lights have been reported as extinguished, irregular, or
Industries 206 unreliable.
Languages 206
Navigational Information 206 Currency
Ship Reporting System 206 The official unit of currency is the East Caribbean dollar.
Time Zone 206 The U.S. dollar is also legal tender.
U.S. Embassy 206
Government
General
Dominica lies at the N end of the Windward Islands. It is lo-
cated between Guadeloupe and Martinique.
The island, the highest island of the Lesser Antilles, is of
volcanic origin and is very mountainous, with fertile soil. The
highest peaks are usually obscured by clouds.
The tropical climate of the island is modified by the North-
east Trade Wind.
Rain is very heavy in the mountains and averages about
1,400mm along the coast. The heaviest rainfall occurs during Flag of Dominica
the rainy season (May to August), although a considerable
amount of rain also falls during the dry season (January to Dominica is a parliamentary democracy in the British Com-
April). monwealth of Nations. The country is divided into ten parish-
Heavy squalls can have considerable force when the trade es.
wind is strong, may come off the high land and through the Dominica is governed by a President elected by the House of
deep valleys of the island, especially off the W coast of the is- Assembly to a 5-year renewable term. The Prime Minister is
land. appointed by the President. The unicameral House of Assem-
Dominica lies within the hurricane belt of the Caribbean Sea. bly is composed of 32 members who serve 5-year terms; 21
Pub. 140
206 Dominica
members are directly elected, while the remaining 11 members Contiguous Zone 24 miles.
are appointed.
The legal system is based on English common law. Fisheries or Economic 200 miles.
The capital is Roseau. Zone
Holidays Maritime Boundary Disputes

Disputes Venezuela’s sovereignty claim over Isla Aves
The following holidays are observed: (15°42'N., 63°38'W.). Joined other Caribbean states to counter
Venezuela’s claim that Isla Aves sustains human habitation,
January 1 New Year’s Day which would permit Venezuela to extend its Exclusive Eco-
January 2 Merchant’s Holiday
Carnival Variable
Search and Rescue
Easter Sunday Variable The Dominica Marine Police Unit is responsible for coordi-
nating search and rescue operations in association with MRCC
Fort de France (Martinique).
First Monday in May May Day MRCC Fort de France can be contacted, as follows:
1. Telephone: 596-596-709292
Whitsunday Variable
596-596-731616
Whitmonday Variable 2. Facsimile: 596-596-632450
First Monday in August August Monday 3. E-mail: [email protected]
The Dominica Coast Guard maintains a continuous listening
November 3 Independence Day watch for distress traffic on 7850 kHz and VHF channel 16.
November 4 Community Service
Day
December 26 Boxing Day CARICOM (Caribbean Community) Advance Passenger
Information System (APIS)
CARICOM APIS is a mandatory reporting system providing
Industries Advance Passenger Information (API) about passengers and
crew to the Joint Regional Communications Center (JRCC)
The main industries include agriculture (especially banana
production), soap, coconut oil, tourism, copra, furniture, ce-
CARICOM area. Further information can be found in Carib-
ment blocks, and footwear.
The main exports are bananas, soap, bay oil, vegetables,
grapefruit, and oranges. The main export-trading partners are
the Japan, Jamaica, Antigua and Barbuda, and Trinidad and To-
bago. Time Zone
The main imports are manufactured goods, machinery and
equipment, food, and chemicals. The main import-trading part- The Time Zone description is QUEBEC (+4). Daylight Sav-
ners are Japan, Trinidad and Tobago, the United States, and ings Time is not observed.
China.
Languages U.S. Embassy

The U.S. Ambassador to Barbados is accredited to Domini-
English is the official language. A French patois is also spo-
ca. The embassy is situated in Wildey Business Park, Wildey,
ken
St. Michael, Bridgetown.
Navigational Information 1. Barbados address—
P.O. Box 302
Enroute Volume
Bridgetown 11000
2. U. S. address—
ume 1.
Washington, DC (20521-3120)
Maritime Claims
The maritime territorial claims of Dominica are, as follows:
U. S. Embassy Barbados Home Page
Territorial Sea 12 miles. http://barbados.usembassy.gov
Pub. 140
207
DOMINICAN REPUBLIC

Buoyage System 207
Government 207 Many lights have been reported as extinguished, irregular, or
Holidays 208 unreliable.
Industries 208
Languages 208
Navigational Information 208 Cautions
Pilotage 208
Regulations 208 Acts of piracy have occurred off ports in the Dominican Re-
Search and Rescue 208 public.
Time Zone 208 Numerous marine reserves are reported (2014) to exist off
U.S. Embassy 208 and along the N and S coasts of the Dominican Republic. For
further information, the local authorities should be consulted.
General
Currency
The Dominican Republic, which occupies the eastern two-
thirds of the island of Hispaniola, consists of large mountain- The unit of currency is the Dominican peso, consisting of
ous areas interspersed with relatively low flat fertile valleys 100 centavos.
and plains, generally in the N and E regions. The irregular
coastline provides numerous bays and coves, and the many
streams provide only limited local small craft navigation. Government
The climate is tropical and the annual extremes along the
coast range from a low of 18°C to a high of about 36°C. Tem- The Dominican Republic is a representative democracy. The
peratures moderate with altitude in the mountains. Rainfall is country consists of ten regions.
quite variable and ranges from 432mm in the W to 2,083mm in The Dominican Republic is governed by a directly-elected
the NE. President who serves a 4-year term. The bicameral Congress
Pub. 140
208 Dominican Republic
Enroute Volume
ume 1.
Maritime Claims
The maritime territorial claims of the Dominican Republic
are, as follows:

Flag of the Dominican Republic Fisheries or Economic 200 miles.
Zone
consists of a directly-elected 32-member Senate, serving 4-
year terms, and a directly-elected 190-member Chamber of Continental Shelf 200 miles or the Continen-
Deputies, serving 4-year terms. tal Margin.
The legal system is based on French civil law. * Claims archipelagic status. Claims Samana Bay, Ocoa
The capital is Santo Domingo. Bay, Neiba Bay, Escocesa Bay, and Santo Domingo Bay
as historic bays.
Holidays
The following holidays are observed: Pilotage
January 1 New Year’s Day Pilotage is compulsory for all vessels over 50 gross tons un-
less otherwise stated for each port.
January 6 Epiphany
January 21 Our Lady of Altagracia Regulations
January 26 Dia de Duarte Anchorage for foreign vessels in the territorial waters of the
February 27 Independence Day Dominican Republic is only authorized in charted anchorage
areas. Vessels can request authorization to anchor elsewhere
Good Friday Variable from the Dominican Republic Navy or from port authorities.
Easter Sunday Variable Foreign vessels anchoring or adrift without proper authoriza-
tion may be subject to fines. Vessels claiming force majeure
May 1 Labor Day
will have that claim verified by a Dominican Authorities
Corpus Christi Variable boarding party.
August 16 Restoration Day
Search and Rescue
September 24 Our Lady of Mercedes
November 6 Constitution Day The Operations Center of the Dominican Republic navy is
responsible for the coordination of search and rescue efforts
December 25 Christmas Day and can be contacted by telephone (1-809-592-0707).
A continuous listening watch is maintained for distress traf-
fic on 2182 kHz and VHF channel 16.
Industries
Time Zone
The main industries are agriculture, tourism, sugar process-
ing, textiles, cement, tobacco, electrical components, and med- The Time Zone description is QUEBEC (+4). Daylight Sav-
ical devices. ings Time is not observed.
The main exports are sugar, gold, silver, coffee, cocoa, to-
bacco, meat, and consumer goods. The main export-trading U.S. Embassy
partners are the United States, Canada., and Haiti.
The main imports are foodstuffs, petroleum, cotton and fab- The U.S. Embassy is situated at Avenida Republica de Co-
rics, chemicals, and pharmaceuticals. The main import-trading lombia #57, Santo Domingo.
partners are the United States, China, and Venezuela. The mailing address is Unit 5500, APO AA (34041-5500).
Languages U. S. Embassy Dominican Republic Home Page

http://santodomingo.usembassy.gov
Pub. 140
209
EGYPT
General 209 details concerning transit of the Suez Canal are fully described
Buoyage System 209 in Pub. 172, Sailing Directions (Enroute) Red Sea and the Per-
Cautions 209 sian Gulf.
Currency 209
Government 209 Buoyage System
Holidays 210
Industries 210 The IALA Buoyage System (Region A) is in effect. See
Languages 210 Chart No. 1 for further IALA Buoyage System information.
Meteorology 210
Offshore Drilling 210
Pollution 211 General
Regulations 211 Areas prohibited to navigation may extend up to 25 miles off
Routes 211 the Egyptian coast. Vessels navigating off the Egyptian coast or
Search and Rescue 211 bound for Egyptian ports should obtain the latest information
Signals 211 from their agents.
Time Zone 212
Traffic Separation Schemes 212 Locust Reports
U.S. Embassy 212 See North Atlantic Ocean—Cautions for further informa-
Vessel Traffic Service 212 tion.
General Currency
Egypt is located in Northern Africa, bordering the Mediter- The official unit of currency is the Egyptian pound, consist-
ranean Sea, between Libya and Israel. ing of 100 piastres.
The climate is arid, with hot dry summers and moderate win-
ters. Government
The terrain is a vast desert plateau by the Nile valley and del-
ta. Egypt is a republic. The country is divided into 27 governor-
The Suez Canal, a sea-level waterway, connects Port Said ates.
(Bur Said) on the Mediterranean Sea with Suez (As Suways) Egypt is governed by a directly-elected President serving a
on the Red Sea. Regulations, restrictions, and other operational 4-year term. The Prime Minister is appointed by the President.
Pub. 140
210 Egypt
Languages
Arabic is the official language. English and French are wide-
ly understood.
Meteorology
Internet Weather Services
Marine forecasts for the next 24 hours, covering the sea area
of north Africa and the eastern Mediterranean Sea, including
wind, wave/swell, and pressure outlooks, as well as astronomi-
cal data for the next 5 days, are available, in English, from the
Flag of Egypt Egyptian Meteorological Authority (http://www.nwp.gov.eg/
index.php/reports/marine-forcasts).
The unicameral 596-member House of Representatives con-
sists of 448 directly-elected members, 120 members directly
elected from party list constituencies (woman, youth, Chris-
tians, and workers), and 28 members appointed by the Presi- Enroute Volumes
dent. Pub. 132, Sailing Directions (Enroute) Eastern Mediterra-
The legal system is based on English common law, Islamic nean.
law, and the Napoleonic code. Pub. 172, Sailing Directions (Enroute) Red Sea and the Per-
The capital is Cairo. sian Gulf.
Holidays Maritime Claims
The maritime territorial claims of Egypt are, as follows:
January 7 Coptic Christmas
Contiguous Zone ** 24 miles.
April 25 Sinai Liberation Day
Easter Monday Variable Zone
May 1 Labor Day Continental Shelf Depth of 200m or the Limit
June 18 Evacuation Day of Exploitation.
July 23 Revolution Day * Claims straight baselines. Requires advance permission
or notification for innocent passage of warships in the
October 6 Armed Forces Day
territorial sea.
October 24 Suez Victory Day
** Also considered a security zone. Egypt claims the right
December 23 Victory Day to prior permission for entry of nuclear-powered vessels,
vessels carrying nuclear materials, and foreign vessels
Islamic holidays, which are subject to the appearance of the carrying hazardous or other wastes.
moon, include Eid Al-Fitr (End of Ramadan), Eid Al-Adha
(End of Pilgrimage), Hijrah (Islamic New Year), Sham El Nes- Offshore Drilling
sim (Spring Holiday), and the Prophet’s Birthday.
Oil rigs and drilling platforms may be encountered off the
Industries coast.
Numerous well heads, most of which are unmarked and proj-
The main industries are textiles, food processing, tourism, ect as much as 6m above the sea bed, exist along the coast of
chemicals, pharmaceuticals, petroleum, construction, cement, Egypt between the shoreline and the 200m curve.
metals, and light manufacturing. Three producing gas fields (Abu Qir Bay Gas Field, West
The main exports are crude oil and petroleum products, Abu Qir Gas Field, and North Abu Qir Gas Field) are located
fruits and vegetables, cotton, textiles, metal products, chemi- in the vicinity of Abu Qir (31°19'N., 30°04'E.). The fields con-
cals, and processed foods. The main export-trading partners are sist of lighted platforms connected to each other and the shore
Saudi Arabia, Italy, Turkey, the United Arab Emirates, and the by gas pipelines. Drill rigs and submerged well heads may also
United States. be encountered in this area.
The main imports are machinery and equipment, foodstuffs, Uncharted oil and gas production platforms may be encoun-
chemicals, wood products, and fuels. The main import-trading tered off the coast between Ras al Burullus (31°35'N.,
partners are China, Germany, and the United States. 30°59'E.) and Port Said, about 65 miles ESE.
Pub. 140
Egypt 211
Pollution tions (Enroute) Red Sea and the Persian Gulf.
MARPOL Special Area Search and Rescue

Special Area. MARPOL Special Areas are sea areas where The Middle East Search and Rescue Center at the Joint Res-
special mandatory methods for the prevention of oil pollution cue Coordination Center (JRCC) Cairo is responsible for coor-
in the sea have been adopted. dinating search and rescue operations and can be contacted, as
Further information can be found in North Atlantic follows:
Ocean—Pollution—MARPOL Special Areas. 1. Telephone: 20-2-24184537
2. Facsimile: 20-2-24184531
Regulations 3. Telex: 91-21095 RCCCR UN
4. INMARSAT-C: 462299910 RCCE X
Navigation 5. E-mail: [email protected] (distress only)
Entry permission must be requested from the Egyptian au- 6. Web site: http://www.saregypt.net.eg
thorities 48 hours prior to arrival. The ETA should be con- A Maritime Rescue Coordination Center (MRCC) for the
firmed at least 24 hours in advance, giving the last port of call, Mediterranean coast of Egypt is located in El Iskandariya (Al-
position, course, and speed. exandria) and can be contacted, as follows:
Vessels approaching the Egyptian coast should keep at least 1. Telephone: 20-3-4842058
12 miles off during daylight hours and at least 24 miles off at 20-3-4842119
night. Port authorities must be contacted by radio when within 20-3-4878983
24 miles of the coast in order to receive entry instructions. 2. Facsimile: 20-3-4832240
The normal international courtesies, such as flying the flag A network of coast radio stations maintains a continuous lis-
of Egypt at the foremast, should be carefully adhered to while tening watch on international distress frequencies.
in the waters and ports of Egypt.
Signals
Quarantine (Pre-arrival Reporting)
Pratique for El Iskandariya (Alexandria), Bur Said (Port A naval surveillance tower standing on the W breakwater is
Said), and El Suweis (Port Suez) may be granted prior to the used for securing Bur Said and challenging approaching war-
vessel’s arrival provided the following conditions are met: ships and suspicious merchant ships. Only visual signals in
1. The vessel must be a regular liner known to the Quar- plain language are used (English-Arabic) and international sig-
antine Authorities and have a doctor on board. nals. The call sign is SSL 2. All ships are to exercise caution
2. Details shown on the Quarantine Statement should be when approaching the area.
sent to the Quarantine Authorities 24 hours prior to ETA. Visual storm warning signals used in Egypt are given in the
3. Prior to arrival, vessels must declare any accidents accompanying table titled Egypt—Storm Signals.
which may have taken place on board prior to arrival.
4. The vessel must not have called on any infected port. Egypt—Storm Signals
The message address is “Quarantine (name of port).”
For Ain Sukhna and Sidi Kerir, a notification of a healthy Day Night Meaning
crew holding vaccination certificates should be sent with the One black triangle, Gale from NW
vessel’s ETA message to SUMED Operations, El Iskandariya —
point up quadrant
(Alexandria).
One black triangle, Gale from SW
—
point down quadrant
Routes
Two black
Recommended Routes triangles, points Gale from NE
A series of IMO-recommended routes are located off the N —
up, vertically quadrant
coast of Egypt. One route lies between Khalig as Salium and disposed
Alexandria; the other lies between Alexandria and El-Arish.
Two black
triangles, points Gale from SE
The Suez Canal —
down, vertically quadrant
The Suez Canal, a sea-level waterway, connects Port Said
disposed
(Bur Said) on the Mediterranean Sea with Suez (As Suways)
on the Red Sea. It has a total length of 193.5km (including ap- Two black
proaches); depths in the canal are generally maintained to a triangles, bases
— Storm
depth of 24m on the centerline. together, vertically
The canal was originally opened for traffic on November 17, disposed
1869 and nationalized in 1956. It was closed in June 1967 due Four red lights, Sea too rough.
to military conflict and reopened in June 1975. Regulations, re- White flag with
vertically Pilots cannot
strictions, and other operational details concerning transit of yellow anchors
disposed go out.
the Suez Canal are fully described in Pub. 172, Sailing Direc-
Pub. 140
212 Egypt
Time Zone den City, Cairo.

The Time Zone description is BRAVO (-2). Daylight Sav- 1. Egypt address—
ings Time is not observed. 5 Tawfik Diab Street
Garden City, Cairo
Traffic Separation Schemes 2. U.S. address—
Unit 64900
Traffic Separation Schemes (TSS) on the Mediterranean Box 15
coast of Egypt are, as follows: APO AE (09839-4900).
1. Western Approaches to Mina Dumyat. (IMO adopted)
2. Eastern Approaches to Mina Dumyat. (IMO adopted)
3. Western Approaches to Bur Said. (IMO adopted) U. S. Embassy Egypt Home Page
4. Eastern Approaches to Bur Said. (IMO adopted) http://eg.usembassy.gov
Traffic Separation Schemes (TSS) on the Red Sea coast of
Egypt are, as follows:
1. In the Gulf of Suez. (IMO adopted) Vessel Traffic Service
2. In the Strait of Tiran. (IMO adopted)
A Vessel Traffic Service operates in the approaches to
U.S. Embassy Dumyat (Damietta) (31°29'N., 31°46'E.). For further informa-
tion, see Pub. 132, Sailing Directions (Enroute) Eastern Medi-
The U.S. Embassy is situated at 5 Tawfik Diab Street, Gar- terranean.
Pub. 140
213
ESTONIA

Buoyage System 213
Firing Areas 214 Many buoys and lighted buoys are withdrawn or replaced for
Government 214 the winter. Information on intended changes and dates is pro-
Holidays 214 mulgated in Estonian Notices to Mariners as necessary.
Ice 214 It has been reported that all navigational aids in the S and E
Industries 215 part of the Gulf of Finland may be unreliable. Mariners should
Languages 215 exercise caution when using these aids.
Meteorology 215
Mined Areas 215
Pilotage 216
Pollution 216 Compass deflections have been reported to occur in the vi-
Regulations 216 cinity of Vaiste Laht (58°20'N., 23°51'E.).
Search and Rescue 217 Local magnetic anomalies have been reported to exist in
Ship Reporting System 217 Vainameri (58°5'2N., 23°15'E.).
Time Zone 217
Traffic Separation Schemes 217 Local magnetic anomalies exist centered on position
U.S. Embassy 217 59°36'N, 23°30'E and position 59°39'N, 24°00'E.
Vessel Traffic Service 218 Local magnetic anomalies exist in he SE part of Narva Bay
between 2.5 and 7 miles N of Paite Nina (59°25'N., 27°45'E.)
General and between 6 and 9 miles N of Toila (59°25'N., 27°31'E.).
Estonia is located in Eastern Europe, bordering the Baltic

Sea and Finland, between Latvia and Russia. Currency
The climate is maritime and wet, with moderate winters and
cool summers. The official unit of currency is the Euro, consisting of 100
The terrain consists mostly of marshy lowlands. cents.
Pub. 140
214 Estonia
Firing Areas f. 59°33.6'N, 26°19.4'E.
Firing Practice Area 1A.—An area bounded by lines join- Government

ing the following positions:
a. 59°26.6'N, 23°16.7'E.
b. 59°26.6'N, 23°46.7'E.
c. 59°23.3'N, 23°46.7'E.
d. 59°21.7'N, 23°43.4'E.
e. 59°18.0'N, 23°43.4'E.
f. 59°16.6'N, 23°30.0'E.
g. 59°22.0'N, 23°20.0'E.
h. 59°22.7'N, 23°16.7'E.
Firing Practice Area 1B.—An area bounded by lines join-
a. 59°18.2'N, 23°23.2'E.
b. 59°22.1'N, 23°34.1'E.
c. 59°19.8'N, 23°43.8'E. Flag of Estonia
d. 59°14.9'N, 23°43.9'E.
e. 59°14.9'N, 23°38.9'E. Estonia is a parliamentary republic. The country is divided
f. 59°13.4'N, 23°36.1'E. into 15 counties.
g. 59°12.9'N, 23°33.5'E. Estonia is governed by a President, elected by the Parlia-
h. 59°15.4'N, 23°27.0'E. ment, serving a 5-year term. The Prime Minister is appointed
Firing Practice Area 2A.—An area bounded by lines join- by the President. The unicameral Parliament consists of 101 di-
ing the following positions: rectly-elected members serving 4-year terms.
a. 59°37.7'N, 24°12.0'E. The legal system is based on civil law.
b. 59°39.0'N, 24°17.3'E. The capital is Tallinn.
c. 59°39.0'N, 24°26.5'E.
d. 59°32.0'N, 24°26.5'E. Holidays
e. 59°32.0'N, 24°12.0'E.
Firing Practice Area 3A.—An area bounded by lines join- The following holidays are observed:
a. 59°40.0'N, 25°12.0'E. January 1 New Year’s Day
b. 59°40.0'N, 25°29.0'E.
February 24 Independence Day
c. 59°39.5'N, 25°29.0'E.
d. 59°31.8'N, 25°27.6'E. Good Friday Variable
e. 59°35.9'N, 25°12.0'E.
Firing Practice Area 4A.—An area bounded by lines join-
ing the following positions: May 1 Spring Day
a. 59°41.0'N, 26°12.0'E. Whitsunday Variable
b. 59°41.0'N, 26°24.0'E.
c. 59°37.0'N, 26°28.0'E. June 23 Victory Day
d. 59°33.7'N, 26°28.4'E. June 24 St. John’s Day (Mid-
e. 59°33.4'N, 26°24.5'E. summer’s Day)
f. 59°35.8'N, 26°16.4'E.
g. 59°36.2'N, 26°12.0'E. August 20 Restoration of Indepen-
Firing Practice Area 4B.—An area bounded by lines join- dence Day
ing the following positions: December 25 Christmas Day
a. 59°38.8'N, 26°10.2'E.
b. 59°41.0'N, 26°17.3'E. December 26 Second Day of Christ-
c. 59°41.0'N, 26°24.8'E. mas
d. 59°39.2'N, 26°31.4'E.
e. 59°33.6'N, 26°26.5'E. Ice
f. 59°33.4'N, 26°24.5'E.
g. 59°33.4'N, 26°19.7'E. The following ports are serviced by state icebreakers:
Firing Practice Area 4C.—An area bounded by lines join- 1. Muuga Harbor.
ing the following positions: 2. Tallinn.
a. 59°43.8'N, 26°16.5'E. 3. Kopli Bay.
b. 59°45.2'N, 26°21.4'E. 4. Paldiski North Harbor.
c. 59°43.9'N, 26°25.5'E. 5. Paldiski South Harbor.
d. 59°33.4'N, 26°22.9'E. 6. Kunda Harbor.
e. 59°33.4'N, 26°19.7'E. 7. Sillamae Harbor.
Pub. 140
Estonia 215
8. Pamu Harbor. Serviced from the open sea up to posi- export-trading partners are Sweden, Finland, Latvia, Russia,
tion 58°21.4'N, 24°27.0'E. Lithuania, and Germany.
The Estonian Maritime Administration Winter Navigation The main imports are machinery and electrical equipment,
Section is responsible for the icebreaking service and can be mineral fuels, chemical products, foodstuffs, chemical prod-
contacted, as follows: ucts, and metals. The main import-trading partners are Finland,
1. Telephone: 372-6-205707 (Mon-Fri 0800-1700) Germany, Lithuania, Sweden, Latvia, Poland, Russia, and the
372-6-295769 (24 hours) Netherlands.
2. Facsimile: 372-6-205766
3. E-mail: [email protected] Languages
4. Web site: http://www.vta.ee
In 2016, Estonia operated one icebreaker, the Eva 316. Estonian is official language.
In Estonian waters, vessels which have requested icebreak-
ing assistance and which are bound for Tallinn, Muuga, Kopli, Meteorology
or Paldiski should wait for the icebreaker at the E end of the
traffic separation scheme off Kopu Poolsaar, in position Marine weather forecasts in Estonian, Russian, and English
59°10'N, 22°00'E. are available from the Estonian Meteorological and Hydrologi-
Vessels needing icebreaker assistance should send a request, cal Institute (http://www.emhi.ee).
via their agent, to the Winter Navigation Section, 12 hours be-
fore a planned departure from a port, or 24 hours prior to arriv- Mined Areas
al at a defined assembly point. The request should be
confirmed 4 hours in advance. The request should contain the The approaches to Parnu Laht (58°15'N., 24°25'E.) lie within
following information: a former mined area.
1. Date of request. For information on the former Mine Danger Area in the Gulf
2. Vessel name. of Finland, see Finland—Mined Areas.
3. Call sign.
4. Flag.
5. Length overall Navigational Information
6. Breadth.
7. Maximum draft and draft when navigating in a convoy. Enroute Volumes
8. Moulded depth. Pub. 194, Sailing Directions (Enroute) Baltic Sea (Southern
Part).
9. Gross tonnage.
10. Main propulsion power (in kW) and number of main Pub. 195, Sailing Directions (Enroute) Gulf of Finland and
engines. Gulf of Bothnia.
11. Speed in normal conditions.
12. Displacement when navigating in a convoy. Maritime Claims
13. Classification society. The maritime territorial claim of Estonia is, as follows:
14. Ice class.
15. Dangerous cargo on board. Territorial Sea * 12 miles.
16. Departure port. Contiguous Zone 24 miles.
17. Destination port.
18. Date of arrival at assembly point or from departure Fisheries or Economic 200 miles **
port. Zone
19. Time of arrival at assembly point or from departure * Claims straight baselines. Nuclear-powered vessels must
port. apply for permission to enter the territorial sea 30 days in
20. Name and signature of ship’s agent or owner. advance. Innocent passage is prohibited to ships carrying
21. Contact information of ship’s agent or owner. radioactive materials, explosives and marine pollutants
For information on obtaining general ice information for the defined as hazardous, and certain oil and fertilizer pro-
Baltic Sea, see Baltic Sea—Ice. ducts unless the cargo is loaded or unloaded in an Eston-
For information on the onset and clearance of ice in ports in ian port.
the Gulf of Finland and the Gulf of Bothnia, see Baltic Sea—
Ice. ** To defined coordinates.
Industries Maritime Boundary Disputes

The maritime boundary between Estonia and Russia is sub-
The main industries include food products, engineering, ject to negotiations.
electronics, wood and wood products, textiles, information
technology, and telecommunications. Internet Maritime Safety Information
The main exports are machinery and electrical equipment, Notice to Mariners and navigation warnings are available, in
wood and wood products, metals, furniture, vehicles and parts, English and Estonian, from the Estonian Maritime Administra-
food and beverages, chemicals, and mineral fuels. The main tion (http://www.vta.ee/notices-to-mariners).
Pub. 140
216 Estonia
Pilotage hull tankers of certain sizes and ages. Denmark, Estonia, Fin-
land, Latvia, Norway, and Sweden have adopted measures to
The Estonian Vessel Traffic Service is part of the administra- monitor the observance of theses regulations. For further infor-
tive area of the Estonian National Maritime Board. The activi- mation, see Denmark—Pollution.
ties of the VTS are to provide pilot service, deep sea pilotage,
icebreaker service, radar traffic control, and VTS service. MARPOL Special Area
Pilotage is compulsory for all foreign vessels passing The Baltic Sea, including the Gulf of Bothnia and the Gulf of
through the straits and entering/leaving harbors in the inner Finland, has been designated as a MARPOL Special Area.
water areas of Estonia; such vessels may only proceed along MARPOL Special Areas are sea areas where special mandato-
established shipping routes or channels. However, within the ry methods for the prevention of oil pollution in the sea have
Gulf of Riga, the use of established shipping routes or channels been adopted.
is permissible without a pilot. Further information can be found in North Atlantic
Estonia Pilots Home Page This Special Area is under intensive surveillance for pollu-
tion and violations of traffic rules. Further information on pol-
http://www.loots.ee lution reporting can be found in Baltic Sea—Pollution—
Pollution Reporting.
Requests for a pilot should be made 24 hours in advance of
ETA at the pilot boarding station; the request should be con-
firmed 6 hours and 2 hours prior to arrival at the pilot boarding Regulations
position. Vessels shifting position within the port area should
only do so with a pilot on board. Departing vessels must re- Vessels navigating in Estonian waters are obliged to observe
quest pilotage 4 hours and 1 hour prior to departure. the requirements of MARPOL 73/78 and the Helsinki Conven-
Pilots can be ordered via e-mail through an agent licensed to tion of 1974, wherein the Baltic Sea is defined as a Special Ar-
operate in Estonia from a company providing pilotage services. ea.
The pilots station may be contacted, as follows: Vessels causing any form of marine pollution or damage to
1. Telephone: 372-6-053888 (information only) the environment may be arrested and detained by Estonian au-
2. Facsimile: 372-6-053881 (pilot ordering) thorities.
3. E-mail: [email protected] (pilot ordering) Estonia prohibits the transport of certain hazardous substanc-
Information on the Electronic Pilot Ordering System can be es through its territorial waters unless bound for Estonia. This
found at http://ele.loots.ee. list includes radioactive materials, explosives, infectious sub-
stances, hazardous marine pollutants, some MARPOL catego-
Pollution ries of chemicals, certain crude or persistent oil products, and
some fertilizers.
All vessels navigating off the coasts of Estonia are requested
to report pollution and accidents which may lead to pollution.
Reports are to be made to JRCC Tallinn and should contain the Quarantine
following information: Vessels bound for an Estonian port from a foreign port are
1. Details of observer (name and address, name or identi- required to report to the Port Health Authority 24 hours before
ty of the vessel or aircraft, and destination). the vessel’s ETA and not less than 4 hours prior to the vessel’s
2. Date and time of the observation. arrival. The master of the vessel, the agent, or, in the absence of
3. Position of the pollution. the agent, the vessel’s owner shall submit an application to the
4. Type of pollution. Estonian Border Guard station at the port. The report should
5. Extent and description of the pollution. include details of any sickness on board, as well as the number
6. Cause. of passengers and number of crew members. The following in-
7. Details of the vessel causing the pollution (name; na- formation should be included when there is sickness on board:
tionality, port of registry, or home port; type, and size of ves- 1. Patient’s name.
sels in the vicinity). 2. Patient’s age and sex.
8. Sea state conditions. 3. Patient’s nationality.
JRCC Tallinn can be contacted, as follows: 4. Date of sickness.
1. Telephone: 372-6-191224 5. Specify the type of illness.
372-6-191226 6. Where the patient resided the past 4 weeks.
372-6-922500 7. Medicines and type of assistance given to the patient.
372-5-260511
2. Facsimile: 372-6-922501 European Union Expanded Inspection (EI) Notification
3. E-mail [email protected] Under European Union (EU) Directive 2009/16/EC, the Eu-
ropean Union has introduced a mandatory reporting system for
Monitoring Single Hull Tankers vessels arriving at or departing from a port or anchorage in the
The transport of heavy grade oils is not allowed on single EU.
Pub. 140
Estonia 217
The report should be sent, as follows: 3. E-mail: [email protected]

[email protected]
Estonia—EI Contact Information JRCC Tallinn, in addition to Tallinn Radio (ESA), maintains
a continuous listening watch for distress traffic on 2182 kHz,
Estonian Maritime Authority 2187.5 kHz, VHF channel 16, and VHF channel 70.
Mail Valge 4 Tallinn Radio (ESA) can be contacted, as follows:
1. Telephone: 372-6-991170
11413 Tallinn Estonia
372-6-991111 (24 hours)
Telephone 372-6-205770 2. Facsimile: 372-6-991171
Facsimile 372-6-205766
Rescue craft are located at Estonian Coastguard Stations, as
E-mail [email protected] follows:
Web site https://gd.vta.ee 1. Undva (58°31'N., 21°55'E.).
2. Soru (58°42'N., 22°31'E.).
3. Kopu (58°55'N., 22°15'E.).
For further information, see North Atlantic Ocean—Regu- 4. Tahkuna (59°06'N., 22°35'E.).
lations—European Union Expanded Inspection (EI) Notifi- 5. Dirhami (59°13'N., 23°30'E.).
cation. 6. Haapsalu (58°57'N., 23°30'E.).
7. Parnu (58°23'N., 24°29'E.).
European Union Dangerous and Polluting Cargo Notifica- 8. Sorve Saar (57°55'N., 22°02'E.).
tion 9. Kuressaare (58°15'N., 22°29'E.).
Under European Union (EU) Directive 2002/59/EC, as 10. Ruhnu (57°48'N., 23°14'E.).
gross tons and any vessel carrying dangerous or polluting cargo
bound to or leaving from EU ports should report to the relevant
port authority at least 24 hours in advance. GOFREP.—The Gulf of Finland Reporting System (GOF-
For further information, see Baltic Sea—Regulations—Eu- REP) is a mandatory ship reporting system. It covers the inter-
ropean Union Dangerous and Polluting Cargo Notifica- national waters in the Gulf of Finland E of the Western
tions. Reporting Line and Russian territorial waters W of longitude
26°30.0'E. In addition, Estonia and Finland have implemented
Recommendation on Baltic Sea Navigation mandatory ship reporting systems to their national water areas
The IMO has issued recommendations regarding vessel tran- outside VTS areas. These reporting systems provide the same
sits of the entrances to the Baltic Sea. For further information, services and make the same requirements of shipping as the
see Baltic Sea—Regulations. system operating in international waters; further information
on these systems can be found in Pub. 195, Sailing Directions
Particularly Sensitive Sea Areas (PSSA) (Enroute) Gulf of Finland and Gulf of Bothnia.
The Baltic Sea area of Sweden, Denmark, Finland, Estonia, The mandatory ship reporting system in the international wa-
Lithuania, Latvia, Poland, and Germany (except for waters un- ters of the Gulf of Finland, including the national mandatory
der Russian jurisdiction) has been declared by the IMO to be a ship reporting systems of Estonia and Finland, are collectively
PSSA. referred to as GOFREP; the area of coverage is referred to as
A PSSA is an area that requires special protection because of the GOFREP area. Further information on GOFREP can be
its vulnerability to damage caused by marine activities. Vessels found in Baltic Sea—Appendix II.
care to avoid damage to the maritime environment and the ma-
rine organisms in it. No waste should be discharged overboard.
Time Zone
The Time Zone description is BRAVO (-2). Daylight Sav-
Search and Rescue ings Time (CHARLIE (-3)) is maintained from the last Sunday
in March until the last Sunday in October.
The Joint Rescue Coordination Center (JRCC) Tallinn is re-
sponsible for coordinating search and rescue operations and
can be contacted, as follows:
1. Telephone: 372-6-191224 Traffic Separation Schemes (TSS) in Estonia are, as follows:
372-6-191226 1. Approaches to Tallinn. (Government of Estonia)
372-6-922500 2. Off Kopu Peninsula (Hiiumaa Island) (Kopu Poolsaar).
372-5-260511 (IMO adopted)
2. Facsimile: 372-6-922501 3. Off Hankoniemi Peninsula. (IMO adopted)
3. E-mail [email protected]
A Maritime Rescue Coordination Subcenter (MRSC) is lo-
cated at MRSC Kuressaare and can be contacted, as follows: U.S. Embassy
1. Telephone: 372-45-33322
2. Facsimile: 372-45-33320 The U.S. Embassy is situated at Kentmanni 20, 15099 Tal-
Pub. 140
218 Estonia
linn. The mailing address is the same. Vessel Traffic Service
U. S. Embassy Estonia Home Page A Vessel Traffic Service is in operation in Tallin (59°29'N.,
http://ee.usembassy.gov 24°45'E.). For further information, see Pub. 195, Sailing Direc-
tions (Enroute) Gulf of Finland and Gulf of Bothnia.
Pub. 140
219
FAROE ISLANDS

Buoyage System 219
Fishing Areas 220 Many lights are shown only from late July until late May of
Government 220 the following year as there is normally no darkness during the
Holidays 220 summer months.
Ice 220
Industries 220
Meteorology 220
Navigational Information 220 Local magnetic anomalies have been reported in the follow-
Pilotage 221 ing locations:
Regulations 221 1. About 8 miles W of Gluggamir (61°32.8'N.,
Search and Rescue 221 6°53.5'W.); the normal magnetic variation is increased about
Time Zone 221 1.5°W.
U.S. Embassy 221 2. About 4 miles E of Akraberg (61°23.6'N., 6°40.7'W.);
the normal magnetic variation is increased about 2°W.
General 3. About 1 mile E of Litla Dimun (61°38.0'N.,
6°43.8'W.); the normal magnetic variation is increased about
The Faroe Islands is an archipelago of 17 inhabited islands, 8°W.
one uninhabited island, and several small islets strategically lo- 4. About 2 miles S of Sanday; the normal magnetic varia-
cated along important sea lanes in the North Atlantic Ocean. tion is increased about 5°W.
The climate consists of mild winters and cool summers; it is 5. About 2.5 miles W of Trollhoudi (61°55.1'N.,
usually foggy, windy, and overcast. 6°57.5'W.); the normal magnetic variation is increased about
The terrain is rugged and rocky, with some low peaks; cliffs 4°W.
line most of the coasts. The islands are indented by numerous 6. About 1 miles SW of Kirkjubones (61°56.4'N.,
fjords. The steep terrain limits the population to small coastal 6°44.7'W.); the normal magnetic variation is increased up to
lowlands. 4°W.
Pub. 140
220 Faroe Islands
7. About 3 miles SW of Traelanipa (62°01.3'N., Easter Sunday Variable
7°14.0'W.); the normal magnetic variation is increased about
4°W. Easter Monday Variable
April 25 Flag Day
Currency Common Prayer Day Variable
The official unit of currency is the Faroese krona, which is Ascension Day Variable
freely interchangeable with the Danish krone.
Whitsunday Variable
Whitmonday Variable
Fishing Areas June 5 (from midday only) Constitution Day
Trawling occurs around the islands year round. The heaviest July 28 St. Olav’s Day Eve
concentration of trawlers occurs from February to April, main- July 29 St. Olav’s Day
ly on Faroe Bank (60°55'N., 8°30'W.) and off the W and E
sides of the main group of islands. Long line fishing occurs December 24 Christmas Eve
year round, mainly on Faroe Bank. December 25 Christmas Day
Numerous marine farms, which may be fixed or floating, ex-
ist in many of the fjords and inlets of the Faroe Islands. The lo- December 26 Boxing Day
cations are subject to frequent change and are generally December 31 New Year’s Eve
marked by buoys or beacons, some of which may be lit.
Ice
Government
Ice Accretion Warnings
The Faroe Islands is a self-governing overseas administrative Ice accretion warnings are broadcast by MRCC Torshavn
division of the Kingdom of Denmark. The country is divided and Torshavn Radio. For further information, see Denmark—
into 30 municipalities. Ice.
Queen Margrethe II is the Head of State. The High Commis-
sioner, who represents the islands in the Danish Parliament, is
appointed by the Queen. The unicameral Logting (Parliament) Industries
is composed of 33 directly-elected members, under a system of
proportional representation, serving 4-year terms. The Prime The main industries are fishing, fish processing, tourism,
Minister is elected by the Logting. ship repair, and handicrafts.
The legal system is based on Danish law. The main exports are fish, fish products, and stamps. The
The capital is Torshavn. main export-trading partners are the United Kingdom, Den-
mark, Russia, Nigeria, the United States, China, and the Neth-
erlands.
The main imports are consumer goods, raw materials, ma-
chinery and transport equipment, fuels, and vehicles. The main
import-trading partners are Denmark, Norway, Germany, and
Iceland.
Languages
Danish and Faroese, a derivative of Old Norse, are the main
languages.
Meteorology
Navigational warnings are available, in English and Danish,
Flag of the Faroe Islands from the Danish Maritime Authority (http://www.dma.dk/
Ships/Sider/MaritimeSafetyInformation.aspx).
Holidays
Enroute Volume
January 1 New Year’s Day Pub. 141, Sailing Directions (Enroute) Scotland.
Maundy Thursday Variable
Maritime Claims
Good Friday Variable The maritime territorial claims of the Faroe Islands are, as
Pub. 140
Faroe Islands 221
follows: 1. Vessel name, call sign, and IMO Number.

2. Beam, loa, gt, and draft.
3. Destination.
Territorial Sea * 12 miles. **
4. ETA.
Contiguous Zone 24 miles. 5. Name of the departure port or roadstead.
Fisheries or Economic 200 miles. 6. Type of cargo on board.
Zone 7. Details of the vessel’s maneuverability, including en-
gine power, bow thrusters, and possible limitations and de-
Continental Shelf Depth of 200m or the Limit fects in this regard.
of Exploitation. 8. Contact information on the person ordering the pilot.
* Advance permission or notification for innocent passage 9. Exact information on who is liable to pay for the pilot-
of warships in the territorial sea only required for more age.
than three warships at once.
** Straight baselines have the effect of enclosing the Regulations
waters of the Faroe Islands. Drogden and Hollaenderdyb
are claimed as internal waters. All vessels arriving in the Faroe Islands must obtain clear-
ance at one of the following ports before entering any other
Maritime Boundary Disputes harbor in the islands:
Dispute with Iceland, the United Kingdom, and Ireland over 1. Sandur.
the Faroe Islands’ continental shelf boundary outside 200 2. Vagur.
miles. 3. Tvoroyri.
4. Sorvagur.
5. Midvagur.
Pilotage 6. Vestmanna.
7. Torshavn.
Pilotage is compulsory for the following vessels when sail- 8. Runavik.
ing into and out of Faroese ports: 9. Fuglafjordur.
1. All vessels of 500 gt and over. 10. Klaksvik.
2. Oil, gas, and chemical tankers regardless of size.
3. All vessels regardless of size loaded with dangerous
cargo according to the IMDG Code.
Search and Rescue
4. All vessels carrying: Maritime search and rescue operations are conducted under
a. Dirty cargo tanks that have not been rendered safe the operational control of MRCC Torshavn, which can be con-
by means of inert air. tacted, as follows:
b. More than 1,000 tons of bunker oil. 1. Telephone: 298-351300 (24-hour emergency)
c. Highly-radioactive material. 2. Facsimile: 298-351301
Pilotage is not required for the following vessels: 3. E-mail: [email protected]
1. Faroese fishing vessels. Torshavn Coast Radio Station (OXJ) maintains a continuous
2. Vessels which are used for fishery inspection in Faro- listening watch for distress traffic on VHF channel 16 and
ese waters. DSC, and can be contacted, as follows:
3. Military vessels. 1. Telephone: 298-312965
4. State-owned vessels. 2. Facsimile: 298-315546
5. Vessels of Stransfaraskip Landsins, the Faroese inter- 3. E-mail: [email protected]
island transport line. Lifeboats are stationed at Torshavn (62°01'N., 6°46'W.) and
6. Vessels where a Pilotage Exemption Certificate has Klaksvik (62°14'N., 6°35'W.).
been issued to the officer of the watch.
Inbound vessels subject to compulsory pilotage shall submit
a pilot order from the pilot station no later than 18 hours prior Time Zone
to ETA. Any changes to the ETA should be reported to the pilot
station as soon as possible and not later than 4 hours prior to The Time Zone description is ZULU. Daylight Savings Time
arrival. (ALFA (-1)) is observed from the last Sunday in March until
Outbound vessels subject to compulsory pilotage shall sub- the last Sunday in October.
mit a pilot order from the pilot station no later than 6 hours pri-
or to ETD. Any changes to the ETD should be reported to the U.S. Embassy
pilot station as soon as possible and not later than 2 hours prior
to departure. The Faroe Islands is a self-governing overseas administrative
The request for pilotage should include the following infor- division of the Kingdom of Denmark. There is no U.S. diplo-
mation: matic representation.
Pub. 140
223
FINLAND
General 223 The climate is cold and potentially subarctic, but compara-
Buoyage System 223 tively mild due to the moderating influence of the North Atlan-
Cautions 224 tic Current, the Baltic Sea, and many lakes.
Currency 224 The terrain is mostly low, having flat to rolling plains inter-
Firing Areas 224 spersed with lakes and low hills.
Fishing Areas 224
Government 224 Buoyage System
Holidays 225
Ice 225 The IALA Buoyage System (Region A) is in effect. See
Industries 229 Chart No. 1 for further IALA Buoyage System information.
Languages 229 Caution should be exercised in relying upon floating aids,
Meteorology 229 particularly during periods of ice, in stormy weather, and when
Mined Areas 229 summer markings are being changed to winter ones.
Navigational Information 229 Although ordinary buoys are routinely withdrawn or re-
Pilotage 229 placed by spar and ice buoys, any floating aid may become
Pollution 230 submerged by ice or moved off station.
Regulations 230 Only certain buoys are fitted with color reflectors. Those re-
Restricted Areas 231 flectors in use conform to the IALA buoyage system. Radar re-
Routes 234 flectors are usually painted yellow.
Search and Rescue 234 Beacons and lighted beacons, known as border marks, are
Ship Reporting System 234 sometimes used to mark sections of a main fairway. They may
Time Zone 235 be up to 12m high, fitted with radar reflectors, and painted in
Traffic Separation Schemes 235 accordance with the IALA system.
U.S. Embassy 235 Submarine cable landing places are marked by a notice
Vessel Traffic Service 235 board with the word “Kaapali.”
Surveying marks, established when necessary, consist of
General large spars with cylindrical topmarks, with or without a flag, or
of smaller spars or small buoys. These marks differ from, and
Finland is located in Northern Europe, bordering the Baltic cannot be mistaken for, aids to navigation.
Sea, the Gulf of Bothnia, and the Gulf of Finland between Most buoys and lighted buoys are removed in winter when
Sweden and Russia. the ice conditions worsen and they may be replaced by Virtual
Pub. 140
224 Finland
Automatic Identification System (Virtual AIS). In some cases, 3. About 9.5 miles S of Nahkiainen Light in position
floating aids may be replaced by ice buoys, which may become 64°27'N, 23°49'E.
submerged under the ice or moved off station due to anchor ca- 4. Within an area with a radius of about 3.5 miles be-
bles breaking or movement of the concrete anchor mooring. tween Nahkiainen Light (64°36.7'N., 23°53.8'E.) and Raahe
Light (64°39.1'N., 24°13.4'E.).
Cautions 5. Within an extensive area within 15 miles N and 23
miles NE of Nahkiainen Light (64°36.7'N., 23°53.8'E.).
General
In conjunction with the establishment of GMDSS (Global Currency
Maritime Distress and Safety System), it is reported (2000)
that numerous medium frequency radiobeacons situated The official unit of currency is the Euro, consisting of 100
around the coasts of Finland have been discontinued. cents.
In the coastal waters and inlets of Finland, numerous logs are
always found adrift, particularly after storms and spring fresh-
ets. These logs constitute a serious hazard to small and moder- Firing Areas
ate-size vessels.
A firing practice area is located S of Santahamina. When
Channel Depths gunnery practice in taking place, strobe warning lights are acti-
Finland has revised (2011) its channel depths designation vated in position 60°08'44.4''N, 25°04'54.0''E and position
procedure. The channel depth is referred to as the authorized 60°08'13.8''N, 25°03'03.6''E. When these lights are displayed,
draft, which means the maximum design draft at which a ship vessels should keep clear of the area between the warning
can use a channel. The user of the channel may, on a case-by- lights and the South Finland Winter Route.
case basis and after careful consideration of all relevant factors,
exercise discretion to exceed the authorized draft. Fishing Areas
Further details can be found in Finnish Transport Agency
(FTA) Instruction 4955/1021/2011 (The Channel Depth Prac- Fish traps may be 1 mile or more in length and may be found
tice in Finland—Principles and Implementation) available on in or outside a public channel. The traps are marked at both
the FTA web site (http://www.fta.fi). ends and at intervals of about 0.8 mile with a flag by day or a
light by night. Unless forced to do so by the narrowness of the
Post Glacial Land Rise channel, vessels should not approach within 50m of a trap.
Depths in the Gulf of Bothnia are decreasing gradually due Salmon nets are set from May to July off the W coast of
to post-glacial land rise. For further information, see Swe- Sweden. The main concentration of these nets is in the vicinity
den—Caution. of the outermost shoals between Merikarvia (61°51.5'N.,
21°30.0'E.) and Norrskar (63°14.0''N., 20°36.0''E.). The nets
Local Magnetic Anomalies are unlit but are usually marked by flags and/or floats.
Magnetic anomalies off the S coast of Finland are located, as
follows:
1. Close offshore of the islands and islets between Hanko
Government
(59°49'N., 22°58'E.) and Porkkalanselka.
2. North of the islets of Barkholm (60°07'N., 25°23'E.).
3. About 1.5 miles SW of Tunnholm (60°11'N.,
25°47'E.).
4. Within a 2-mile radius of Morumshall Read Range
Light (60°11.9'N., 26°02.6'E.).
Magnetic anomalies off the SW coast of Finland are located,
as follows:
1. On the S side of Saaristomeri between Bengtskar
(59°43.4'N., 22°29.9'E.) and Nyhamn (59°57.8'N.,
19°57.2'E.).
2. From 5 to 13 miles offshore from the SW side of Ahv- Flag of Finland
enanmaa between latitude 59°56'N and latitude 60°06'N.
3. About 2 miles N of Stora Sottunga (60°08'N., Finland is a republic. The country is divided into 19 regions.
20°40'E.). Finland is governed by a directly-elected President who
Magnetic anomalies off the W coast of Finland are located, serves a 6-year term. The Prime Minister is appointed by the
as follows: President with the approval of the Parliament. The unicameral
1. About 2.75 miles N of Nurminen (60°52.0'N., Parliament consists of 200 directly-elected members, based on
21°09.5'E.). proportional representation, serving 4-year terms.
2. Within an area extending 2 miles W and 4 miles SW of The legal system is based on a civil law system.
Strommingsbadan Light (62°58.8'N., 20°44.4'E.). The capital is Helsinki.
Pub. 140
Finland 225
Holidays Ice reports are read daily at 1245, as follows:

1. Radio Suomi—in Finnish.
The following holidays are observed: 2. Radio Vega—in Swedish.
3. Turku Radio—in English, daily at 1033 UTC and 1833
January 1 New Year’s Day UTC. Also reports the positions of Finnish icebreakers daily
at 0803 UTC.
January 6 Epiphany For information on obtaining general ice information for the
Good Friday Variable Baltic Sea, see Baltic Sea—Ice.
For information on the onset and clearance of ice in ports in
Easter Sunday Variable the Gulf of Finland and the Gulf of Bothnia, see Baltic Sea—
Easter Monday Variable Ice.
May 1 Vappu (May Day)
Ascension Day Variable Icebreaking Information
The Finnish Icebreaking Service comprises 23 winter ports
Whitsunday Variable
and other locations specified separately by the Finnish Mari-
First Friday after June 18 Juhannusaatto time Administration. Icebreaking services include the assis-
(Midsummer’s Eve) tance of vessels and related towing in Finnish sea areas. In port
Saturday after Juhannuspaiva areas, the respective ports are responsible for icebreaking ser-
Juhannusaatto (Midsummer’s Day) vices.
The icebreaking fleet consists of eight icebreakers operated
(Midsummer’s Eve)
under a charter arrangement by Arctia Shipping, the Finnish
First Saturday after All Saints’ Day state shipping agency, and Alfons Hakans Ltd. Contact infor-
October 30 mation can be found in the table titled Finland—Icebreakers.
December 6 Independence Day When underway, icebreakers maintain a continuous listening
watch on VHF channel 16 and 2332 kHz. When icebreakers
December 24 Christmas Eve are in port and connected to the public telephone systems,
December 25 Christmas Day these listening watches are not maintained.
Winter navigation assistance is free of charge.
December 26 Second Day of Christmas Vessels bound for Finnish ports and requiring icebreaker as-
sistance shall, well in advance of entering ice-covered waters,
Ice report to an icebreaker in accordance with the instructions giv-
en in the daily ice report. In addition, vessels bound for harbors
Ice Information in the Gulf of Bothnia which have traffic restrictions due to ice
The Ice Service of the Finnish Institute of Marine Research are requested to report the following information, in Swedish
is responsible for supplying mariners with ice and weather in- or English, on VHF channel 84 (call sign: Ice Info), directly by
formation in Finland. The Ice Service monitors ice conditions telephone (46-316-99100), or by e-mail (iceinfo@sjofartsver-
and developments on a daily basis and issues ice charts, ice re- let.se) when passing Svenska Bjorn (59°33'N., 20°01'E.):
ports, and ice forecasts, for a fee, based on the data it collects 1. Name and call sign.
and analyzes. 2. Nationality.
The daily ice chart and ice report include description of cur- 3. Destination.
rent ice conditions and information about the operational areas 4. Speed.
of Finnish icebreakers, as well as information concerning traf- 5. ETA.
fic restrictions, ship routes, advance notification requirements, A reporting point further S of Svenska Bjorn may be re-
and other information. quired based on ice conditions.
Finland—Ice Information
Telephone 358-9-6857659 An online service which
provides a daily ice chart and ice
Baltic Icebreaking 358-9-6857639
Facsimile report covering the entire Baltic
Management 358-9-6857659 Sea area, the positions of
(BIMWeb)
icebreakers, traffic restrictions
Web site http://www.baltice.org in force.
Pub. 140
226 Finland
Finland—Ice Information
358-295-343000 (0800-1615)
Finnish Transport Telephone Inquiries concerning traffic
Infrastructure 358-295-3733258 (traffic restrictions) restrictions, dispensations,
Agency—Winter E-mail [email protected] vessel suitability for winter
Navigation Unit navigation, ice conditions, etc.
Web site http://www.fta.fi
Telephone 358-46-8767050 (24 hours)
Information on icebreakers,
Arctia Shipping E-mail [email protected] crew exchange schedules,
assistance areas, etc.
Web site http://www.arctia.fi
758-2515500
Telephone
358-5063304 (24 hours)
Alfons Hakans Ltd
E-mail [email protected]
Web site http://www.alfonshakans.fi
Telephone 358-295-393464
Ice Service of the Facsimile 358-295-393413 Inquiries concerning the ice
Finnish
E-mail [email protected] situation, ice forecasts, or other
Meteorological
issues.
Institute http://www.ilmatieteenlaitos.fi
Web site
http://www.iceservice.fi
Baltic Sea Portal of
the Ice Service of
Useful information on Baltic
the Finnish Web site http://www.itameriportaali.fi
Sea ice.
Meteorological
Institute
Finland—Icebreakers
Name Call sign Telephone Mobile Telephone E-mail
Arctia Icebreakers, Ltd
Urho OHMS 358-306-207500 358-400-219681 [email protected]
Sisu OHMW 358-306-207400 358-400-219682 [email protected]
Voima OHLW 358-306-207650 358-400-318156 [email protected]
Fennica OJAD 358-306-207700 358-400-107157 [email protected]
Nordica OJAE 358-306-207800 358-400-246551 [email protected]
Otso OIRT 358-306-207300 358-400-219680 [email protected]
Kontio OIRV 358-306-207200 358-400-592747 [email protected]
Polaris OJQT 358-942-450459 358-468-767900 polaris,[email protected]
Alfons Hakans, Ltd
Zeus OJHB — 358-400-184031 [email protected]
All vessels bound for Finnish and Swedish ports during the 699100) when the vessel is moored, stating the following:
winter (1 November to 31 March) with restrictions in the a. Vessel name and call sign.
Quark or the Gulf of Bothnia are required to report to Bothnia b. ETD.
VTS on VHF channel 67 when 20 miles S of Nordvalen Light c. Next port-of-call.
(63°32'09''N., 20°46'36''E.). In addition, arrival and departure 2. Departure reports should be broadcast on VHF channel
reports are required, as follows: 16 (call sign: Ice Info) or by telephone (46-31-699100), as
1. Arrival reports should be broadcast on VHF channel follows:
16 (call sign: Ice Info) or directly by telephone (46-31- a. At least 6 hours prior to departure.
Pub. 140
Finland 227
b. If the ETD changes, the new ETD shall be reported Finnish-Swedish Ice Class Designations in Sweden—Ice.
as soon as possible. For a comparison between the Finnish-Swedish Ice Class
c. When the vessel has departed. Designations and the class designations used by selected clas-
The departure report shall contain the following informa- sification societies, including ice strengthening codes, see
tion: Sweden—Appendix—Equivalences Between Ice Class Nota-
a. Vessel name and call sign. tions.
b. ETD or actual time of departure, as appropriate. In difficult conditions, such as strong ice pressure or passage
c. Destination. through heavy ice ridges, towing may be the only means of en-
3. Reporting for both arrival and departure reports may suring safe and effective navigation. Particular attention should
be made in Swedish or in English, using the IMO Marine be paid, as follows:
Standard Phrases. 1. The icebreaker shall determine when the ship is to be
Ice breaker assistance is given to ships that meet the require- towed.
ments concerning ice class and size. An icebreaker has the 2. Towing usually takes place by taking the vessel's stem
right to refuse assistance to a ship if it is known that the ar- into the towing fork of the icebreaker.
rangements of the ship are not functional before the assistance, 3. The ship shall be prepared to make fast or let go the
or if the ship, with regard to hull, engine power, equipment, or towing cable at any time.
crew is in such condition that operation in ice can be presumed 4. A ship, which is towed by an icebreaker, may only use
to endanger the safety of the ship, or if there is good reason to its propulsion machinery in accordance with instructions
suspect that the ship is less suitable for operation in ice than given from the icebreaker. The vessel’s propulsion machin-
what is generally expected for ships belonging to the same ice ery shall be ready for rapid maneuvering at all times.
class. 5. During the towing evolution, the vessel being towed
A vessel stuck in the ice must notify the icebreaker of its po- must use manual steering/navigation. By manual steering,
sition without delay. the vessel should try to stay in line with the icebreaker.
All instructions given from the icebreaker shall be followed. State icebreakers show a blue light visible around the hori-
Vessels which do not follow the traffic regulations and traffic zon at their masthead during the hours of darkness.
instructions which have been issued or the orders given by the The FMA does not accept any responsibility for delay, dam-
icebreaker can be refused assistance. Particular attention shall age, or other loss caused to a ship, its crew, passengers, or car-
be paid to the following: go as a result of ice conditions. Every ship is responsible for its
1. During hours of darkness, Finnish icebreakers display own safety.
a fixed blue all-around light at the top of the mast.
2. A careful watch shall be kept for signals from the ice- Ice Accretion Warnings
breaker or from other ships in convoy. The VHF channel The Ice Service of the Finnish Meteorological Institute is-
specified shall be monitored continuously, as well as VHF sues ice accretion warnings during the winter season in con-
channel 16 and 2332 kHz. junction with the weather forecasts, which can be accessed on
3. The propulsion machinery of the ship shall be con- their web site (http://www.ilmatieteenlaitos.fi).
stantly ready for rapid maneuvers. Any problems arising in Vessels are requested to pass information on ice accretion to
the assisted vessel relating to engine power or maneuvering the Baltic Sea Icebreaking Web (http://www.baltice.org) under
capabilities must be reported to the icebreaker without delay. “Topical” or directly to the Finnish Meteorological Institute
4. In order to avoid collisions, a vessel in the convoy shall (https://virpo.fmi.fi/reports).
inform the icebreaker without delay on the specified VHF
channel if it stops or slows its speed substantially. Imposition of Traffic Restrictions
5. Finnish icebreakers are equipped with two rotating red Restrictions enter into force 5 days after their date of issue,
lights, one placed above the other, which are switched on except for relaxations, which enter into force immediately.
when the icebreaker makes an unexpected stop or a sharp re- Typical restrictions in various locations are, as follows:
duction in speed. The assisted ship(s) must then immediately 1. Bay of Bothnia.—The first restrictions (Ice Class I and
take whatever measures are necessary to promptly execute Ice Class II/2,000 dwt) for the ports in the northern part of
full astern. the Bay of Bothnia are normally imposed in December. The
6. To be eligible for icebreaker assistance, vessels navi- maximum restriction (Ice Class IA/4,000 dwt) has been ap-
gating in ice-covered waters must be equipped with a power- plied in combination with the cargo restriction of 2,000 tons.
ful searchlight. Ships which form part of a convoy and which 2. Sea of Bothnia.—The first restrictions (Ice Class I and
have stuck in the ice shall keep their searchlights extin- Ice Class II/2,000 dwt) are normally imposed in January-
guished. February. During an average winter the maximum restriction
7. If the vessel sustains or is suspected to have sustained is Ice Class IA and Ice Class IB/2,000 dwt.
damage, this must be communicated to the icebreaker imme- 3. In the Archipelago Sea.—The first restrictions (Ice
diately. The incident will be recorded in the icebreakers log- Class I and Ice Class II/2,000 dwt) have been imposed some-
book, along with the prevailing ice, weather conditions, and what later than in the Sea of Bothnia although the restric-
other relevant information. Having reported to the ice-break- tions are about the same. The strictest restriction during a
er does not relieve the vessel from further reporting to the normal winter is Ice Class IA and Ice Class IB/2,000 dwt.
authorities or the vessel’s owner. 4. Gulf of Finland.—The first restrictions (Ice Class I and
The Finnish-Swedish Ice Class Designations defines ice- Ice Class II/2,000 dwt) have normally been imposed at the
strengthening requirements, as described in the table titled end of January. The maximum restriction during an average
Pub. 140
Typical Ice Class/Size Restrictions to Navigation (2003/2004 to 2013/2014)
Pub. 140
228
Finland 229
winter is Ice Class IA/2,000 dwt. Navigational Information

5. Lake Saimaa area.—The minimum restriction applied
has been Ice Class I and Ice Class II/1,500 dwt. The maxi- Enroute Volume
mum restriction applied has been Ice Class IA/2,000 dwt. Pub. 195, Sailing Directions (Enroute) Gulf of Finland and
For further information on ice restrictions in the 23 Finnish Gulf of Bothnia.
winter ports, see the table titled Typical Ice Class/Size Re-
strictions to Navigation (2003/2004 to 2013/2014). Maritime Claims
The maritime territorial claims of Finland are, as follows:
Industries
The main industries are metals and metal products, electron- Territorial Sea * 12 miles (3 miles in the
ics, machinery and scientific instruments, shipbuilding, pulp Gulf of Finland).
and paper, foodstuffs, chemicals, textiles, and clothing. Contiguous Zone 14 miles.
The main exports are electrical and optical equipment, ma-
chinery, transport equipment, paper and pulp, chemicals, met- Fisheries or Economic Defined by coordinates.
als, and timber. The main export-trading partners are Germany, Zone
Sweden, the United States, the Netherlands, Russia, and the Continental Shelf Depth of 200m or the Limit
United Kingdom. of Exploitation.
The main imports are foodstuffs, petroleum and petroleum
products, chemicals, transport equipment, iron and steel, ma- * Claims straight baselines. Requires advance permission
chinery, computers, electronics, textile yarn and fabrics, and or notification for innocent passage of warships in the
grains. The main import trading partners are Sweden, Germa- territorial sea.
ny, Russia, and the Netherlands.
Internet Maritime Safety Information
Languages Navigational warnings are available, in English, from the
Finnish Transport Agency (https://extranet.liikennevirasto.fi/
Finnish and Swedish are the official languages. pooki_www/marivaroitukset/list_en.html).
Meteorology
Pilotage
Marine weather forecasts in Finnish, English, and Swedish
are available from the Finnish Meteorological Institute (http:// Pilotage is generally compulsory for the following vessels:
www.fmi.fi). 1. Vessels with a length greater than 60m.
2. Vessels with a beam greater than 10m.
Mined Areas 3. Vessels with a summer salt water draft greater than
4.5m.
Former Mine Danger Area No. 147 (Gulf of Finland and 4. Vessels carrying hazardous or polluting cargo in bulk.
Vainameri).—The area includes all of the Gulf of Finland and 5. Government vessels not used for commercial opera-
Vainameri and is bounded by the coastline and lines joining the tions.
following positions: All ordering of local pilots in all pilotage areas is carried out
a. 58°20.0'N, 23°45.7'E. by the Finnpilot Order Center, Helsinki. Finnish waters are di-
b. 58°17.0'N, 23°18.0'E. vided into three pilotage zones, as follows:
c. 58°25.8'N, 23°18.0'E then counterclockwise around 1. Southern Pilotage Zone:
the coast of Saaremaa to a. Helsinki Pilotage Area—Helsinki, Porkkala, and
d. 59°00.0'N, 21°53.0'E. Emasalo.
e. 59°08.0'N, 22°00.0'E then along longitude 22°00.0'E b. Hanko Pilotage Area.
to Finnish territorial waters. 2. Eastern Pilotage Zone:
Former Mine Danger Area No. 146 (S of Uto).—An area a. Kotka Pilotage Area—Orrengrund, Haaspasaari,
bounded by lines joining the following positions: and Santio.
a. 59°37.5'N, 21°05.5'E. b. Saimaa Canal and Lake Saimaa.
b. 59°44.5'N, 21°14.5'E. 3. Western Pilotage Zone:
c. 59°42.0'N, 21°27.7'E. a. Archipelago Pilotage Area—Uto, Isokari, and
d. 59°34.5'N, 21°23.5'E. Mariehamn.
Note.—Due to the possibility of floating mines in the Gulf b. Rauma Sea Pilotage Area—Rauma and Pori.
of Finland, Russian authorities recommend passenger vessels c. Vaasa Pilotage Area—Kristiinankaupunki, Kaskin-
navigate only during daylight hours between longitude 25°30'E en, and Vaasa.
and longitude 28°30'E. Mariners should keep a sharp lookout d. Kokkola Pilotage Area—Pietarsaari, Kokkola, and
at all times, especially during and after stormy weather. vessels coming and going S from Kalajoki.
Pub. 140
230 Finland
e. Gulf of Bothnia Pilotage Area—Tornio, Kemi, Ou- hull tankers of certain sizes and ages. Denmark, Estonia, Fin-
lu, Raahe, and vessels coming and going N from Kalajoki. land, Latvia, Norway, and Sweden have adopted measures to
Pilots can also be ordered by telephone, facsimile, or e-mail. monitor the observance of theses regulations. For further infor-
For contact information, see the accompanying table titled Fin- mation, see Denmark—Pollution.
npilot Order Center Contact Information. Pilots cannot be
ordered by VHF. Pollution Reporting
The easiest way to provide preliminary information about pi- All vessels navigating in Finnish territorial waters or the
lotage requirements or to order pilotage is by using the Pilot Finnish Economic Zone are requested to report pollution or ac-
Order Form, which can be found on the Internet, as follows: cidents which could lead to such pollution to MRCC Turku, as
follows:
Pilot Order Form 1. Call sign: Rescue Center Turku
http://www.pilotorder.fi 2. Telephone: 358-294-1000 (alert)
3. Facsimile: 358-294-1019
The Finnpilot main office can also be contacted, as follows:
1. Telephone: 358-20-754611
2. Facsimile: 358-20-754610 MARPOL Special Area
3. E-mail: [email protected] The Baltic Sea, including the Gulf of Bothnia and the Gulf of
4. Web site: http://www.finnpilot.fi Finland, has been designated as a MARPOL Special Area.
Inbound vessels must provide 12-hour and 3-hour advance MARPOL Special Areas are sea areas where special mandato-
notice of their ETA at the pilot boarding position. Vessels must ry methods for the prevention of oil pollution in the sea have
place a binding pilotage order 3 hours prior to arrival. Pilots been adopted.
will contact inbound vessels on VHF when they are less than 1 Further information can be found in North Atlantic
hour from the pilot boarding position. Ocean—Pollution—MARPOL Special Areas.
Outbound vessels must provide 12-hour and 2-hour advance This Special Area is under intensive surveillance for pollu-
notice of their departure. Vessels must place a binding pilotage tion and violations of traffic rules. Further information on pol-
order 2 hours prior to departure. lution reporting can be found in Baltic Sea—Pollution—
Vessels shifting their berth must provide a 2-hour advance Pollution Reporting.
notice to the Finnpilot Order Center.
The Finnpilot Order Center will confirm receipt of the pre-
liminary information or pilot order using the same method as Regulations
used to make the order. Orders requested using the Pilot Order
Form on the Internet service can also be confirmed by e-mail, Foreign vessels should not enter a military zone unless the
if requested, providing an e-mail address is included. Orders channel leads through such an area, in which case the vessel
placed by telephone are not confirmed separately after the call. must not deviate from the channel. While in a military zone, a
During the winter months, pilot boarding positions are sub- vessel is subject to inspection by the commander of the area
ject to change according to the weather conditions. and the vessel must provide all information which may be re-
Vessels requiring a licensed Deep Sea Pilot in the Baltic Sea quested.
area should send request at least 12 hours in advance to any Merchant ships entering Finnish waters must adhere to
Coastal Pilot Station. routes and instructions issued by customs authorities and patrol
Radar stations are equipped with VHF channels 18, 20, and authorities.
22. Persons aboard ships in Finnish territory are prohibited from
A continuous listening watch is maintained on VHF channel surveying, mapping, taking soundings (except under the super-
71 for the archipelago area between the Aland Islands and vision of a pilot), subsurface work, and taking photographs
Turku. within fortified areas.
Foreign warships planning a cruise in Finnish coastal waters
Pollution should advise the Finnish government through diplomatic
channels. Approval should be obtained at least 8 days in ad-
Monitoring Single Hull Tankers vance. Port Regulations will be furnished to ship masters upon
The transport of heavy grade oils is not allowed on single arrival in Finnish ports by the Port Captains.
Finnpilot Order Center Contact Information

Pilotage Zone Telephone Facsimile E-mail
Southern 358-20-7546151 358-20-7546161 [email protected]
Eastern 358-20-7546152 358-20-7546162 [email protected]
Western 358-20-7546153 358-20-7546163 [email protected]
Pub. 140
Finland 231
The Finnish customs flag is similar to the merchant flag and, If the duration of the voyage from the vessel’s previous port
in addition, it shows in the upper white field next to the staff, of call is less than 24 hours, the information should be submit-
the Finnish coat of arms between two crossed black staffs of ted no later than the vessel’s departure from the previous port
Mercury. Control vessels may order vessels to stop by of call. If the port of call is not known or if it changes during
international signals on the whistle or siren or by hoisting the the voyage, the information should be submitted as soon as the
customs flag or the flag of the Border Control Service, or at port of call is known.
night by signal flares. Aircraft ordering a vessel to stop will
circle the ship and fire one signal flare. Enforcement of European Union Expanded Inspection (EI) Notification
customs regulations is delegated to Finnish government pilots. Under European Union (EU) Directive 2009/16/EC, the Eu-
Oil, gas, and chemical tankers of 1,600 gt and above, ropean Union has introduced a mandatory reporting system for
destined for Finnish ports, should report to Turku Radio before vessels arriving at or departing from a port or anchorage in the
passing latitude 56°N. When the tanker’s port of departure is EU region.
situated in the Baltic N of 56°N, the report is to be made The report shall be submitted through the vessel’s agent or
immediately after leaving the harbor. representative in the destination port through the PortNet Infor-
mation System (http://www.portnet.fi). If the agent or repre-
International Ship and Port Facility (ISPS) Code sentative is not known, the master should contact the company
The ISPS Code applies to ships on international voyages and or charterer to establish the contact information. Information
port facilities directly interfacing with these ships. Ships cov- can only be entered into the PortNet Information System by au-
ered by the ISPS Code must submit the following information thorized parties who have been granted access to the system.
at least 24 hours prior to entering Finnish waters: For further information, see North Atlantic Ocean—Regu-
1. Vessel name, IMO number, port of registry, flag, type lations—European Union Expanded Inspection (EI) Notifi-
of vessel, call sign, contact details, gross tonnage, name of cation.
shipping company, and contact details of the shipping com-
pany’s security officer. European Union Dangerous and Polluting Cargo Notifica-
2. Vessel port-of-call and the name of the port facility, if tion
known, the ETA, and the purpose of the visit. Under European Union (EU) Directive 2002/59/EC, as
3. Whether the vessel possesses a valid International amended by EU Directive 2009/17/EC, any vessel over 300
Ship Security Certificate or a valid Interim International gross tons and any vessel carrying dangerous or polluting cargo
Ship Security Certificate. If it does, include the name of the bound to or leaving from EU ports should report to the relevant
competent authority that issued it, along with the expiration port authority at least 24 hours in advance.
date of the certificate. If the vessel does not have these certif- For further information, see Baltic Sea—Regulations—Eu-
icates, an explanation must be given. ropean Union Dangerous and Polluting Cargo Notifica-
4. Whether the vessel has an approved Ship’s Security tions.
Plan.
5. The current Security Level of the vessel and the ves- Recommendation on Baltic Sea Navigation
sel’s location at the time of submitting the notification. The IMO has issued recommendations regarding vessel tran-
6. The last ten port facilities visited by the vessel, in sits of the entrances to the Baltic Sea. For further information,
chronological order, and the Security Level at each port. see Baltic Sea—Regulations.
7. In addition to the measures set out in the approved
Ship’s Security Plan, any special or additional security mea- Particularly Sensitive Sea Areas (PSSA)
sures implemented that were embarked upon by the vessel The Baltic Sea area of Sweden, Denmark, Finland, Estonia,
during vessel/port interfaces within the period referred to in Lithuania, Latvia, Poland, and Germany (except for waters un-
paragraph 6. der Russian jurisdiction) has been declared by the IMO to be a
8. Events during vessel/vessel interfaces within the peri- PSSA.
od referred to above in paragraph 6, and the vessel’s location A PSSA is an area that requires special protection because of
during the period in question. its vulnerability to damage caused by marine activities. Vessels
9. Whether the security measures under the approved operating in or near such an area should exercise the utmost
Ship’s Security Plan have been followed in vessel-to-vessel care to avoid damage to the maritime environment and the ma-
activities; if not, an explanation must be given of which se- rine organisms in it. No waste should be discharged overboard.
curity measures were not followed and which security mea-
sures were taken in lieu. Restricted Areas
10. A general description of the cargo and information on
any hazardous substances on board the vessel. Certain areas in Finnish waters have been designated as re-
11. Verification that the vessel has a crew list and a pas- stricted areas. Regulations for these areas prohibit landing or
senger list. approaching the shore closer than 100m in the vicinity of mili-
12. Any other matters concerning security. tary areas. Fishing; anchoring outside authorized anchorages,
13. Contact details of the vessel’s duly authorized repre- except in an emergency; and underwater activities are prohibit-
sentative at the port of destination. ed without prior permission.
14. Name and title or permission of the person making the Applications for permission to engage in restricted activities
notification, and the date, time, and place of its completion. in these areas should be submitted to the authorities, as fol-
Pub. 140
232 Finland
lows: a. 60°09.36'N, 25°25.98'E.
b. 60°09.27'N, 25°27.05'E.
Area Authority c. 60°08.95'N, 25°29.02'E.
d. 60°10.10'N, 25°28.21'E.
Kotka Coastal Command HQ e. 60°10.38'N, 25°27.05'E.
Operations Branch f. 60°10.22'N, 25°26.17'E.
1 to 3 g. 60°09.91'N, 25°25.76'E.
P.O. Box 203
6. Santahamina.—Area bounded by a line joining the
48101 Kotka following positions:
a. 60°08.61'N, 24°59.83'E.
Gulf of Finland Naval Command
b. 60°07.45'N, 24°59.42'E.
Operations Branch c. 60°07.44'N, 25°03.84'E.
4 to 13 d. 60°08.37'N, 25°05.40'E.
PL 5
e. 60°08.63'N, 25°05.45'E.
02471 Upinniemi f. 60°09.00'N, 25°05.48'E.
Archipelago Sea Naval Command g. 60°09.42'N, 25°03.81'E.
h. 60°09.47'N, 25°03.14'E.
Operations Branch 7. Isosaari.—Area bounded by a line joining the follow-
14 to 19
PL 5 ing positions:
a. 60°06.68'N, 25°04.92'E.
20241 Turku b. 60°06.65'N, 25°00.82'E.
c. 60°06.25'N, 25°00.42'E.
The numbers located on the graphic titled Finland—Re- d. 60°04.67'N, 25°01.89'E.
stricted Areas correspond to the numbers of the restricted ar- e. 59°58.61'N, 24°59.96'E.
eas listed below, as follows: f. 59°58.73'N, 25°08.26'E.
1. Haapasaari.—Area bounded by a line joining the g. 60°05.47'N, 25°07.88'E.
following positions: 8. Miessaari.—Area bounded by a line joining the fol-
a. 60°15.08'N, 27°04.50'E. lowing positions:
b. 60°12.25'N, 27°04.49'E. a. 60°08.28'N, 24°47.72'E.
c. 60°12.24'N, 27°14.56'E. b. 60°07.93'N, 24°47.83'E.
d. 60°18.77'N, 27°14.61'E. c. 60°07.65'N, 24°47.05'E.
e. 60°18.78'N, 27°11.19'E. d. 60°07.70'N, 24°46.60'E.
f. 60°17.41'N, 27°08.64'E. e. 60°07.83'N, 24°46.58'E.
g. 60°17.29'N, 27°08.00'E. f. 60°08.08'N, 24°46.78'E.
h. 60°16.06'N, 27°06.13'E. g. 60°08.28'N, 24°47.40'E.
2. Kirkonmaa.—Area bounded by a line joining the fol- 9. Rysakari.—Area bounded by a line joining the fol-
lowing positions: lowing positions:
a. 60°22.74'N, 26°57.10'E. a. 60°06.20'N, 24°50.30'E.
b. 60°21.20'N, 26°57.40'E. b. 60°06.05'N, 24°50.57'E.
c. 60°21.11'N, 27°05.58'E. c. 60°05.83'N, 24°49.97'E.
d. 60°24.15'N, 27°05.59'E. d. 60°06.12'N, 24°49.50'E.
e. 60°24.87'N, 27°03.30'E. 10. Katajaluoto.—Area bounded by a line joining the
f. 60°24.94'N, 27°02.51'E. following positions:
g. 60°24.60'N, 27°02.29'E. a. 60°06.23'N, 24°55.18'E.
h. 60°24.68'N, 27°01.54'E. b. 60°06.15'N, 24°55.60'E.
i. 60°24.37'N, 27°00.33'E. c. 60°05.67'N, 24°54.92'E.
3. Orrengrund.—Area bounded by a line joining the d. 60°05.83'N, 24°54.45'E.
following positions: 11. Upinniemi.—Area bounded by a line joining the fol-
a. 60°16.77'N, 26°24.66'E. lowing positions:
b. 60°12.73'N, 26°24.71'E. a. 59°46.20'N, 24°05.18'E.
c. 60°10.25'N, 26°26.69'E. b. 59°48.70'N, 24°26.59'E.
d. 60°10.31'N, 26°39.28'E. c. 59°56.27'N, 24°23.91'E.
e. 60°16.75'N, 26°28.98'E. d. 59°56.26'N, 24°22.66'E.
4. Vaarlahti.—Area bounded by a line joining the fol- e. 59°55.65'N, 24°21.22'E.
lowing positions: f. 59°56.25'N, 24°19.86'E.
a. 60°12.34'N, 25°34.36'E. g. 60°00.20'N, 24°22.97'E.
b. 60°10.69'N, 25°34.42'E. h. 60°01.00'N, 24°23.43'E.
c. 60°10.85'N, 25°40.02'E. i. 60°01.72'N, 24°23.10'E.
d. 60°12.39'N, 25°38.50'E. j. 60°02.51'N, 24°22.44'E.
5. Pirttisaari.—Area bounded by a line joining the fol- k. 60°02.79'N, 24°21.74'E.
lowing positions: l. 59°58.76'N, 24°09.85'E.
Pub. 140
Finland 233
m. 59°57.09'N, 24°03.66'E. i. 59°50.25'N, 22°21.88'E.

n. 59°56.13'N, 24°01.06'E. j. 59°50.60'N, 22°20.67'E.
o. 59°55.70'N, 24°00.24'E. 16. Uto.—Area bounded by a line joining the following
p. 59°55.02'N, 24°04.37'E. positions:
q. 59°54.18'N, 24°06.64'E. a. 59°48.46'N, 21°20.05'E.
12. Hasto Buso.—Area bounded by a line joining the fol- b. 59°46.54'N, 21°20.21'E.
lowing positions: c. 59°41.55'N, 21°20.08'E.
a. 59°50.67'N, 23°18.86'E. d. 59°42.00'N, 21°29.94'E.
b. 59°50.02'N, 23°19.07'E. e. 59°45.47'N, 21°29.93'E.
c. 59°49.62'N, 23°20.60'E. f. 59°47.62'N, 21°29.94'E.
d. 59°49.90'N, 23°21.42'E. 17. Gylto.—Area bounded by a line joining the following
e. 59°50.55'N, 23°21.51'E. positions:
13. Hanko.—Area bounded by a line joining the follow- a. 60°06.55'N, 21°26.63'E.
ing positions: b. 60°05.50'N, 21°27.98'E.
a. 59°46.92'N, 22°55.13'E. c. 60°06.02'N, 21°31.76'E.
b. 59°38.38'N, 22°55.09'E. d. 60°07.63'N, 21°31.47'E.
c. 59°39.12'N, 23°12.20'E. e. 60°08.34'N, 21°30.99'E.
d. 59°43.58'N, 23°12.88'E. f. 60°08.59'N, 21°29.55'E.
e. 59°45.03'N, 22°57.68'E. g. 60°08.01'N, 21°28.87'E.
f. 59°45.76'N, 22°57.54'E. 18. Houtskar.—Area bounded by a line joining the fol-
g. 59°46.79'N, 22°59.96'E. lowing positions:
14. Kemio.—Area bounded by a line joining the follow- a. 60°12.81'N, 21°27.94'E.
a. 60°09.96'N, 22°25.09'E. c. 60°13.43'N, 21°30.09'E.
b. 60°06.82'N, 22°21.76'E. d. 60°13.68'N, 21°29.78'E.
c. 60°06.21'N, 22°24.46'E. e. 60°13.69'N, 21°28.62'E.
d. 60°06.58'N, 22°26.86'E. f. 60°13.76'N, 21°28.30'E.
e. 60°06.76'N, 22°27.48'E. g. 60°13.70'N, 21°27.44'E.
f. 60°09.17'N, 22°32.88'E. h. 60°13.47'N, 21°27.35'E.
g. 60°09.61'N, 22°33.01'E. 19. Pansio.—Area bounded by a line joining the follow-
h. 60°10.30'N, 22°32.74'E. ing positions:
15. Oro.—Area bounded by a line joining the following a. 60°26.88'N, 22°06.66'E.
positions: b. 60°25.75'N, 22°07.05'E.
a. 59°50.55'N, 22°15.25'E. c. 60°26.00'N, 22°09.44'E.
b. 59°45.38'N, 22°14.04'E. d. 60°27.17'N, 22°08.84'E.
c. 59°41.27'N, 22°14.63'E.
d. 59°41.54'N, 22°22.16'E. Semi-Restricted Areas
e. 59°45.51'N, 22°21.61'E. Semi-restricted areas have been established throughout Finn-
f. 59°46.83'N, 22°21.50'E. ish waters and are regulated by the same laws and guidelines as
g. 59°47.63'N, 22°21.41'E. apply to restricted areas. See the appropriate chart for limits of
h. 59°48.00'N, 22°21.53'E. these areas.
Finland—Restricted Areas
Pub. 140
234 Finland
Routes l. Inkoo (60°02.5'N., 24°00.5'E.)—Lifeboat.

m. Kantvik (60°05.0'N., 24°23.0'E.)—Lifeboat.
Two IMO-adopted two-way routes connect the three sections n. Bagaskar (59°56.0'N., 24°01.0'E.)—Coastguard sta-
of the In Norra Kvarken TSS. An IMO-adopted two-way route tion.
also leads to and from the southwesternmost section of the o. Jussaro (59°49.0'N., 23°34.0'E.)—Coastguard sta-
same TSS. tion.
An IMO-recommended two-way route is located in the SE p. Tammisaari (59°59.0'N., 23°26.6'E.)—Motor life-
approach to the Aland Sea. boat.
q. Hanko (59°49.0'N., 22°58.0'E.)—Coastguard sta-
Search and Rescue tion and rescue cruiser.
2. Gulf of Bothnia
The Border Guard (BG) is the authority in Finland responsi- a. Enskar (60°13.0'N., 19°20.0'E.)—Coastguard sta-
ble for search and rescue operations. The Maritime Search and tion and lifeboat.
Rescue Service, under the control of the BG, consists of Mari- b. Uusikaupunki (60°48.0'N., 21°24.0'E.)—Rescue
time Rescue Coordination Center (MRCC) Turku and Mari- cruiser.
time Rescue Coordination Subcenter (MRSC) Helsinki. c. Rauma (61°08.0'N., 21°30.0'E.)—Motor lifeboat.
MRCC Turku is the central point of contact in operational SAR d. Ryovaskeri (61°23.3'N., 21°25.7'E.)—Coastguard
matters. station.
MRCC Turku and MRSC Helsinki maintain a continuous e. Reposaari (61°36.7'N., 21°27.2'E.)—Rescue cruis-
listening watch for distress traffic on 2187.5 kHz, VHF channel er.
16, and VHF channel 70. The centers can be contacted, as fol- f. Merikarvia (61°51.0'N., 21°29.0'E.)—Coastguard
lows: station.
1. MRCC Turku g. Storkarren (62°09.1'N., 21°19.1'E.)—Coastguard
a. Call sign: Rescue Center Turku station.
b. Telephone: 358-294-1000 (alert) h. Kaskinen (62°20.1'N., 21°11.6'E.)—Motor lifeboat.
358-294-1006 (Maritime As- i. Ebbskar (63°26.2'N., 21°04.3'E.)—Coastguard sta-
sistance Service) tion.
c. Facsimile: 358-294-1019 j. Molpehallorna (62°54.0'N., 21°05.0'E.)—Coast-
d. E-mail: [email protected] guard station.
2. MRSC Helsinki k. Vallgard (63°09.7'N., 21°15.4'E.)—Coastguard sta-
a. Call sign: Rescue Center Helsinki tion.
b. Telephone: 358-294-1002 (alert) l. Kummelskar (63°27.6'N., 21°46.6'E.)—Coastguard
358-294-1090 (other) station.
c. Facsimile: 358-294-1099 m. Vaasa (63°06.0'N., 21°37.0'E.)—Motor lifeboat.
d. E-mail: [email protected] n. Pietarsaari (63°41.0'N., 22°43.0'E.)—Motor life-
The national alarm number (telephone: 358-294-1000) al- boat.
ways connects to the nearest MRCC or MRSC. o. Masskar (63°43.5'N., 22°35.5'E.)—Coastguard sta-
The Finnish coast is divided into maritime SAR areas which tion.
are identical to the Finnish Coastguard districts. p. Maraskaret (63°55.5'N., 22°56.5'E.)—Coastguard
Coastguard stations and rescue craft are located, as follows: ststion.
1. Gulf of Finland q. Rahja (64°13.3'N., 23°41.8'E.)—Coastguard sta-
a. Hamina (60°34.0'N., 27°12.0'E.)—Motor lifeboat. tion.
b. Haaspasaaari (60°17.2'N., 27°11.4'E.)—Coast- r. Raahe (64°41.0'N., 24°29.0'E.)—Rescue cruiser.
guard station. s. Oulu (65°00.0”N., 25°28.0'E.)—Motor lifeboat.
c. Sapokanlahti (Kotka) (60°27.5'N., 26°57.4'E.)— t. Virpiniemi (65°07.6'N., 25°14.3'E.)—Coastguard
Coastguard station. station.
d. Orrengrund (60°16.5'N., 26°27.0'E.)—Coastguard u. Roytta (65°46.0'N., 24°10.0'E.)—Coastguard sta-
station. tion and motor lifeboat.
e. Valkom (60°24.5'N., 26°15.5'E.)—Motor lifeboat.
f. Glosholmen (60°11.5'N., 25°50.5'E.)—Coastguard Ship Reporting System
station.
g. Porvoo Oil Harbor (60°18.0'N., 25°33.0'E.)—Res- GOFREP.—The Gulf of Finland Reporting System (GOF-
cue station. REP) is a mandatory ship reporting system. It covers the inter-
h. Pirttsaaren (60°10.0'N., 25°26.0'E.)—Coastguard national waters in the Gulf of Finland E of the Western
station. Reporting Line and Russian territorial waters W of longitude
i. Suomenlinna (60°11.5'N., 24°59.0'E.)—Coast- 26°30.0'E. In addition, Estonia and Finland have implemented
guard station. mandatory ship reporting systems to their national water areas
j. Helsinki (60°1.00'N., 24°57.0'E.)—Rescue cruiser outside VTS areas. These reporting systems provide the same
and two motor lifeboats. services and make the same requirements of shipping as the
k. Porkkala (59°58.0'N., 24°25.0'E.)—Coastguard sta- system operating in international waters; further information
tion. on these systems can be found in Pub. 195, Sailing Directions
Pub. 140
Finland 235
(Enroute) Gulf of Finland and Gulf of Bothnia. fic.

The mandatory ship reporting system in the international wa- 2. Navigational Assistance Service.—Given to identi-
ters of the Gulf of Finland, including the national mandatory fied vessels on request or when deemed necessary by the
ship reporting systems of Estonia and Finland, are collectively VTS in difficult navigational circumstances or weather or ice
referred to as GOFREP; the area of coverage is referred to as conditions. Navigational assistance can be given, as follows:
the GOFREP area. Further information on GOFREP can be a. In fairways.
found in Baltic Sea—Appendix II. b. In areas where traffic is controlled by radar.
c. When an inbound vessel approaches the pilot board-
Time Zone ing position.
Navigational assistance may include the following:
The Time Zone description is BRAVO (-2). Daylight Sav- a. Information on the vessel’s course and speed.
ings Time (CHARLIE (-3)) is observed from the last Sunday in b. Information on the vessel’s position relative to the
March until the last Sunday in October. fairway axis or waypoint in accordance with the VTS Sail-
ing Plan.
Traffic Separation Schemes c. Information on the positions, identities, and inten-
tions of surrounding traffic.
Traffic Separation Schemes (TSS) in Finland are, as follows: d. Warnings to individual vessels.
1. Off Kalbadagrund Lighthouse. (IMO approved) 3. Traffic Organization Service.—Managing vessel
2. Off Porkkala Lighthouse. (IMO approved) traffic with permanent vessel traffic arrangements in order to
3. Off Hankoniemi Peninsula (Hanko). (IMO approved) prevent dangerous situations and traffic congestion. For the
4. The Aland Sea. (IMO adopted) purpose of organizing vessel traffic, the following consider-
5. In Norra Kvarkan. (IMO adopted) ations apply:
a. Vessel must ask the VTS for permission to depart
U.S. Embassy from a port or anchorage and to enter into the VTS area.
Permission can be denied if the VTS determines there is a
The U.S. Embassy is situated at Itainen Puistotie 14B, Hel- dangerous situation or congestion in the area of the fair-
sinki. way.
The mailing addresses are, as follows: b. Vessel traffic in the VTS area is organized in terms
1. Finland address— of distance. Traffic separation can be initiated when there
Itainen Puistotie 14B is a special vessel transiting along the fairway, when sever-
00140, Helsinki al vessels are travelling in the same direction, or when
2. U. S. address— there are vessels whose routes intersect or meet. The sepa-
APO AE (09723) ration distance is 0.5 mile.
c. Vessels must request the VTS to designate an an-
U. S. Embassy Finland Home Page chorage area. The VTS has the authority to deny permis-
http://finland.usembassy.gov sion to anchor.
The following traffic arrangements may be in effect in the
VTS area:
Vessel Traffic Service a. Passing and overtaking prohibitions.
b. Departure and entry clearance procedures.
Vessel Traffic Services (VTS) in Finland operate in accor- c. Separation of traffic in terms of time or distance.
dance with the Finnish Vessel Traffic Service Act and the Finn- Departure clearance procedures are in use in all ports and
ish Vessel Traffic Service Decree. The objectives of the VTS anchorage areas. Inbound vessels must be given clearance by
are, as follows: the VTS before entering the VTS area.
1. Increase the safety and efficiency of maritime traffic. Departure and entry clearance can be denied for the time it
2. Prevent environmental damage caused by maritime takes the fairway to become clear, if an outbound or inbound
traffic. vessel intends to enter a fairway when passing and overtak-
The VTS provides the following services to vessel traffic: ing are prohibited, or when other vessels are in the fairway.
1. Information Service.—Providing information to ves- Departure and entry clearance procedures may be adjusted
sels in the VTS area when vessels report in, at set intervals, to take into account traffic separation when traffic separation
when requested by a vessel, or as determined to be necessary procedures are in force.
by the VTS. The following information can be passed: Vessel Traffic Services are in operation, as follows:
a. Other vessels in the VTS area. 1. Gulf of Bothnia (62°59'N., 21°24'E.).
b. Changes in matters concerning the VTS areas and 2. Hanko (59°49'N., 22°57'E.).
the traffic within it. 3. Helsinki (60°03'N., 24°15'E.)—divided into three sec-
c. Meteorological and hydrological information. tors (designated 1, 2 (Western), and 2 (Eastern)).
d. Operations of pilots and icebreakers. 4. Kotka (60°18'N., 26°45'E.).
e. Condition and availability of fairways and the status 5. Archipelago VTS (Saaristomeri) (60°23'N., 21°11'E.).
of aids to navigation. 6. Turku (60°26'N., 22°13'E.).
f. Any danger threatening a vessel. 7. West Coast (61°23'N., 21°14'E.).
g. Other information affecting the safety of vessel traf- For further information, see Pub. 195, Sailing Directions
Pub. 140
236 Finland
(Enroute) Gulf of Finland and Gulf of Bothnia. 2017) contact will be taken primarily in English; if necessary,
Note.—Finland is conducting a trial in using English as the Finnish or Swedish may also be spoken. The purpose of this
primary language in the VTS areas along the Finnish coast. trial is to make it easier for mariners who do not speak Finnish
Participation in the English-language trial is voluntary. (for example: masters of piloted vessels) to follow the discus-
During the trial period (1 October 2015 to 30 September sions between other vessels, pilots, and the VTS centers.
Pub. 140
237
FRANCE
General 237 General

Buoyage System 237 France is located in Western Europe, bordering the Bay of
Cautions 238 Biscay and the English Channel, between Belgium and Spain,
Currency 238 and SE of the United Kingdom. France borders the Mediterra-
Firing Areas 238 nean Sea between Italy and Spain.
Fishing Areas 243 The island of Corsica (Corse) lies in the Mediterranean Sea
Government 244 and is a province of France. The main town of the island is
Holidays 244 Ajaccio.
Industries 244 The climate is generally cool in winter and mild in summer
Languages 244 however, the summers are hot along the Mediterranean.
Meteorology 244 The terrain is mostly flat plains or gently rolling hills in the
Mined Areas 244 N and W. The remainder is mountainous.
Offshore Drilling 247 Areas to be Avoided
Pilotage 247
Pollution 247 An IMO-adopted Area to be Avoided, centered on position
Regulations 248 46°10'N, 2°26'W, with a radius of 7 miles, surrounds Plateau
Search and Rescue 251 de Rochebonne. Vessels carrying hydrocarbons should not en-
Ship Reporting System 252 ter this described area.
Signals 254
Submarine Operating Areas 256 Buoyage System
Time Zone 256
Traffic Separation Schemes 256 The IALA Buoyage System (Region A) is in effect. See
U.S. Embassy 257 Chart No. 1 for further IALA Buoyage System information.
Vessel Traffic Service 257 Lights are shown from evening civil twilight until morning
Appendix I—SURNAV Reporting Stations and Contact civil twilight; lights are also shown by day in fog or poor visi-
Information 259 bility. Certain range lights may be exhibited 24 hours, some-
Appendix II—SURNAV Report Formats 261 times with a different characteristic during the day.
Pub. 140
238 France
The fairway beneath bridges is marked by lateral daymarks, nel—Risk of Collision for further information.
as follows:
1. Starboardhand—Green or black triangle on a white Currency
square background.
2. Porthand—Red rectangle with a white border. The official unit of currency is the Euro, consisting of 100
The daymarks are painted on the span of the bridge above cents.
the limits of the fairway or on the piers if the entire channel be-
tween them is navigable. At night, the daymarks may be illu-
minated or green or red lights may be shown from the same Firing Areas
positions. A white light (flashing or isophase) may also be ex-
hibited on the arch indicating the best part of the channel. Coastal Battery Exercises.—Firing practices take place
Firing practice areas may be marked by white buoys, with a from French coastal batteries at any season of the year and are
blue cross as seen from above, and have the letters ZD painted announced by Notices to Mariners.
on the side. The following warning signals are given:
France is using virtual Automatic Identification System 1. By day—A red flag is displayed from the battery from
(AIS) Aids to Navigation (ATON) to temporarily replace miss- which the firing is taking place, and from the signal stations
ing navigational aids. For further information on AIS ATON, in the vicinity, from 1 hour before the practice until the prac-
see North Atlantic Ocean—Navigational Information. tice is completed. The battery fires a blank round 1 hour be-
fore the practice, and two blank rounds, 30 seconds apart, 10
Cautions minutes before the practice. The target tugs and range boats
also display a red flag during the firings.
High Speed Craft 2. By night—When a night practice is planned, the signal
High speed craft operate between the coast of France and the stations in the vicinity of the battery display, from sunrise to
coast of the United Kingdom. For further information, see sunset, two red flags, vertically disposed. At sunset and until
United Kingdom—Cautions. the practice is completed, two horizontally-disposed red
lights are shown at the battery, and a red light is shown from
Locust Reports the signal stations in the vicinity.
See North Atlantic Ocean—Cautions for further informa- Thirty minutes before the practice, two red flares are fired at
tion. 5 minute intervals by the signal stations. The battery fires a
blank round 1 hour before, and two blank rounds, 30 seconds
Offshore Dredging apart, 10 minutes before the practice begins. A white flare
North coast of France—Aggregate dredging is carried out marks the end of the practice.
along the N coast of France, particularly E of 3°00'W. In addition to the usual lights, the target tug exhibits three
red lights, disposed vertically, and range boats exhibit one red
Survey Vessels light at the masthead, during the firings.
French survey vessels carrying out wire-drag surveys usually The exercises include surface firing, ground to air and air to
operate in pairs and are connected by a wire up to 3,000m long ground firing, torpedo launchings, bombing, and anti-subma-
that is supported by floats. The vessels display two black balls. rine warfare, minesweeping operations, etc., and are broadcast
Other vessels should keep well clear and, in particular, should at least 4 days in advance by radio.
not pass between the survey vessels. French naval vessels and aircraft carry out exercises, day and
night, off all points of the coast, but particularly in certain
Visibility zones, which are hereinafter described. The exercises include
Poor visibility is associated with onshore winds, especially surface firing, ground to air and air to ground firing, torpedo
in the area of the entrance points to the Bay of Biscay. launchings, bombing, anti-submarine warfare, minesweeping
operations, etc., and are broadcast at least 4 days in advance by
Magnetic Anomalies radio and by the local press. These areas are generally located,
Local magnetic anomalies have been reported between as follows:
Grand Lejon (48°45'N., 2°40'W.) and Plateau des Roches Dou- 1. Atlantic coast.—Anywhere off the coast but particular-
vres, 22 miles NNW. ly in Baie de la Seine and off Ile d’Ouessant, L’Iroise, and
Local magnetic anomalies have been reported between Brest.
Grand Lejon (48°45'N., 2°40'W.) and Rohein, 6 miles SSE. 2. Mediterranean coast.—In the area bounded by the
Magnetic anomalies have been reported along the E coast of French coast, latitude 41°40'N, longitude 5°00'E, and a line
Corsica, especially between latitude 41°35'N and latitude joining Monaco (longitude 7°25'E) and Cap Corse
42°17'N. Deviations of up to 5° have been observed. (43°00'N., 9°25'E.). Although most of this activity is concen-
Magnetic anomalies have been reported within an area trated within 30 miles of the naval base at Toulon, mariners
bounded by lines joining Cap de Carteret (49°22'N., 1°49'W; may encounter ships, submarines, and aircraft anywhere
the island of Sark, 21 miles W; and Cap de Flamanville within this area.
(49°32'N., 1°53'W.). Surveillance of naval vessel firing areas is assured by the fir-
ing vessels, which display a red flag by day, and show a red
Dover Strait and English Channel—Risk of Collision light, visible around the horizon, at night. Vessels not partici-
See North Sea—Cautions—Dover Strait and English Chan- pating in the exercises should avoid the previously announced
Pub. 140
France 239
exercise areas. b. 48°20'42.0''N, 4°37'00.0''W.

Coastal Belt.—The space between the exercise areas de- c. 48°20'00.0''N, 4°39'51.0''W.
scribed above and the coast is the coastal belt. This space is not d. 48°19'36.0''N, 4°43'06.0''W.
used for exercises on a regular basis, but rather for special, or e. 48°19'39.6''N, 4°53'12.0''W.
occasional, activities in this coastal belt. f. 48°09'57.0''N, 4°53'12.0''W.
Special activities (such as ranges, test ranges, measured g. 48°09'57.0''N, 4°37'00.0''W.
miles, launching sites, etc.) can take place in areas that are pre- h. 48°37'10.8''N, 4°37'00.0''W. (coast)
determined and prepared for the purpose in advance.
These areas are described below. Their organization and op- Brest (R157)
eration are controlled by prefectural orders issued by the Com- A firing practice area bounded by the coast and lines joining
mander-in-Chief of the District. The activities in the coastal the following positions:
belt are always announced in local Notice to Mariners. a. 48°20'57.0''N, 4°53'12.0''W.
Submarine charges.—Any explosion of or experimentation b. 48°20'57.0''N, 5°20'12.0''W.
with submarine charges in the Mediterranean is subject to prior c. 48°04'56.4''N, 5°20'12.0''W.
authorization of the Naval Commander-in-Chief of the District. d. 48°04'56.4''N, 4°53'12.0''W.
ATLANTIC OCEAN AND ENGLISH CHANNEL FIR- Biville

ING DANGER AREAS An artillery firing range, bounded to the N and S by the par-
allels 49°38'40''N and 49°34'40''N, respectively, to the E by the
Veules-les-Roses coast, and to the W by the meridian 1°58'00''W.
A circular sector with a radius of 6.5 miles, centered on posi- In Anse de Vauville (49°36'N., 1°55'W.), the outer limits of
tion 49°52'N, 0°46'E, oriented to the N and limited by the bear- Vauville (Biville sector) firing danger area extend 4 miles N
ings 327° and 032°. All navigation is prohibited in this firing from a position 4.5 miles NW of Cap de Flamanville
range during times of activation, which are announced by No- 49°31.4'N., 1°53.0'W.). Practices take place in this area year
tices to Mariners and indicated by a red flag hoisted at Dieppe round, except from June 15 to September 15.
and Fecamp semaphores.
Fort de la Varde
Baie de Seine (D82) A firing area extends about 2.5 miles seaward from Pointe de
A firing area for vessels of the French Navy is bounded by Varde (48°41'N., 1°59'W.).
lines joining the following positions: A considerable sea area, up to 45 miles offshore, between the
a. 49°55'N, 0°02'W. Gironde and Cap Breton is used as a rocket firing range.
b. 49°32'N, 0°02'W. Warnings for particular danger zones are issued by Bor-
c. 49°32'N, 0°56'W. deaux-Arcachon Radio (FFC) on VHF channel 82.
d. 49°55'N, 0°56'W. Surveillance of naval vessel firing areas is assured by the fir-
The firing zone is divided into Subzone East and Subzone ing vessels, which display a red flag by day, and show a red
West by a line joining position 49°50'00''N, 0°26'00''W and po- light, visible around the horizon, at night.
sition 49°32'20''N, 0°18'37''W. Vessels not participating in the exercises should avoid the
previously announced exercise areas.
Querqueville-Castel-Vendon (R156)
A ground-to-sea and ground-to-air firing area is established Bay of Biscay
to the N of Querqueville. The area is bounded, as follows: Four areas used primarily for sea-to-sea and sea-to-air firing,
1. To the E by a line joining position 49°49'10''N, and occasionally for air-to-sea firing, are as follows:
1°36'00''W and position 49°40'40''N, 1°45'30''W. 1. Area D16A (Gascogne).
2. To the S by the coast. 2. Area D16C (Glenan).
3. To the W by a line joining position 49°41'25''N, 3. Area D16D (Groix).
1°48'46''W and position 49°50'55''N, 1°54'10''W. 4. Area D16E (Armen).
4. To the N by the arc of a circle with a radius of 11 miles Area D18D (Amorique) is used for air-to-air firing.
centered on position 49°40'56''N, 1°46'53''W. All areas are best seen on the chartlet titled Bay of Biscay—
Firing takes place at various times throughout the year, ex- Firing Practice Areas.
cept:
1. June 25 to August 3. Area Noirmoutier
2. December 20 to January 5. An area used by aircraft firing rocket flares is bounded by
3. February and spring school holidays. lines joining the following positions:
4. Days of maximum spring tides. a. 46°50'N, 2°20'W.
Times when firings exercises are to take place are broadcast b. 46°50'N, 2°45'W.
by AVURNAV from Cherbourg Coast Radio. c. 47°11'N, 2°45'W.
d. 47°11'N, 2°20'W.
Brest (R154)
A firing practice area bounded by the coast and lines joining Area 17A—Brest
the following positions: An area bounded by the parallels of 48°21'N and 48°05'N,
a. 48°16'51.0''N, 4°37'00.0''W. (coast) and the meridians 4°37'W and 4°53'W.
Pub. 140
240 France
Courtesy of SHOM
Bay of Biscay Firing Areas
Area 17B—Pierres Noires a. 47°23'00''N, 3°23'00''W.

A zone bounded by the parallels of 48°21'N and 48°05'N, b. 47°24'30''N, 3°18'30''W.
and the meridians 4°53'N and 5°20'W. c. 47°14'00''N, 3°08'00''W.
d. 47°10'00''N, 3°22'00''W.
Area 18—Belle-Ile A yellow mooring buoy, designated B1, is moored in posi-
An area bounded by lines joining the following positions: tion 47°17.1'N, 3°16.4'W and is used as a target.
a. 47°23'N, 3°59'W. Firing is announced by local notice to mariners. The firing
b. 47°17'N, 3°41'W. displays a red flag by day and a red light at the top of a mast at
c. 46°23'N, 4°21'W. night.
d. 46°29'N, 4°39'W.
e. 47°23'N, 3°59'W. Landes
Centre d’Essais de Lancement de Missiles (CELM), a firing
Area Pierre Profunde area and missile launch test center, extends off the coast and
Mortar firing practices will take place in a circle 0.75 mile in begins at a position 3 miles from the coast with the exception
radius centered on the Rock of Pierre Profunde in the Bay of of the three connecting sectors to the coast. The area is bound-
Douarnenez (48°12'20''N, 4°27'00''W.). ed, as follows:
1. To the N by a line extending 065° from position
Belle-Ile 45°12'N, 2°00'W.
Sea-to-sea firing practice may be carried out near the SW 2. To the W by a line joining position 45°12'N, 2°00'W
coast of Belle-Ile. The restricted zone lies in an area bounded and position 44°00'N, 2°25'W.
by lines joining the following positions: 3. To the S by a line extending 115° from position
Pub. 140
France 241
44°00'N, 2°25'W. A sub-area consists of the merging of a trapezoidal area with

4. To the E by a line parallel to the coast and 3 miles off a semi-circular area. The trapezoid is bounded by lines joining
it, except for the following sectors in which the limit extends the following positions:
to the coast: a. 47°29'00''N, 3°19'00''W.
a. Sector 31H—between latitude 45°09'N and latitude b. 47°29'30''N, 3°16'00''W.
45°14'N. c. 47°38'12''N, 3°15'13''W.
b. Sector 31K—between latitude 44°28'N and latitude d. 47°36'42''N, 3°24'36''W.
44°31'N. The semi-circular area consists of an area with a radius of
c. Sector 31A—between latitude 44°13'N and latitude 6,000m centered on Basse de Guihel (47°37'25''N.,
44°28'N. This sector extends up to 12 miles offshore from 3°19'57''W.).
the coast. Exact areas that are closed to navigation are announced in
The following buoys are located in the CELM area: AVURNAVS. During firing exercises red and white flags are
1. A wave recorder lighted buoy (44°22'30.6''N., shown at various locations along the seafront. Patrol vessels
1°25'18.0''W.). display a red flag and monitor VHF channel 6.
2. A mooring buoy (44°22'54.0''N., 1°25'36.0''W.) used to Gavres Nord and Gavres Sud.—These two triangular-shaped
moor targets. areas, used for artillery firing, are bounded, as follows:
3. A target lighted buoy (44°20'18.0''N., 1°28'36.0''W.). 1. Gavres Nord—an area within the bearings of 148° and
Firing takes place year round in the area; however all sectors 188° originating from the signal mast (47°41'45''N.,
are never all activated simultaneous, except in very exceptional 3°20'10''W.) of the firing range and extending S to latitude
cases. Navigation may also be prohibited in the sectors located 47°33'30''N.
in territorial waters. 2. Gavres Sud—an area within the bearings of 148° and
The most utilized sector is 31A, located in front of the land 170° originating from the signal mast (47°41'45''N.,
installations at CELM. The prohibition of navigation through- 3°20'10''W.) of the firing range and extending S to latitude
out this sector or parts of it is signaled, by day only, on the 47°29'00''N.
coastal dune, as follows: Long-range firing from the coast and sea-to-sea firing may
1. A pylon to the N of the sector (44°26'25''N., take place in the rest of the firing range. Long-range firing is
1°15'18''W.) displays a white ball 2m in diameter. announced in Local Notices to Mariners which specify the ex-
2. A pylon to the S of the sector (44°13'52''N., tent of the area involved and the firing signals used. Sea-to-sea
1°17'34''W.) displays two white balls 2m in diameter, verti- firing normally takes place at the S limit of Gavres Nord.
cally disposed. Firing notices are also broadcast by CROSS ETEL, as fol-
Warnings concerning these areas are disseminated, as follows:
lows: 1. Day before the exercise—at 0830 and 1430.
1. Weekly via AVURNAV BREST. 2. For Monday exercises—on Saturday at 0830 and 1430
2. Daily, as necessary, by CROSS Etel on VHF channel and on Sunday at 1430.
79 at 0733 UTC for the day in progress and at 1803 UTC for 3. For exercises the day after a public holiday—2 days
the following day prior to the exercise at 0830 and 1430 and the day before the
3. Socoa Signal Station and Ferret Signal Station answer- exercise at 1430.
ing machine (33-5-58822242 or 33-5-5882243). Area R13A.—An area bounded by the coast and lines join-
The CELM maintains a radio watch on VHF channels 6 and ing the following positions:
16 Monday through Thursday from 0800 to 1700 and on Fri- a. 47°31'49''N, 3°09'40''W.
day from 0800 to 1700 when the firing range is activated. b. 47°41'10''N, 3°21'30''W.
Area R13B.—An area bounded by lines joining the follow-
Gavres ing positions:
Gavres Area.—An area managed by the French navy is a. 47°41'10''N, 3°21'30''W.
bounded, as follows: b. 47°31'49''N, 3°09'40''W.
1. On the W—a line joining the following positions: c. 47°30'49''N, 3°08'22''W.
a. Pointe de Gavres (47°41'10''N., 3°21'30''W.). d. 47°30'03''N, 3°08'02''W.
b. 47°31'49''N, 3°23'40''W. e. 47°23'21''N, 3°15'01''W.
c. 47°14'28''N, 3°17'38''W. f. 47°23'21''N, 3°25'40''W.
2. On the S—a line joining the following positions: g. 47°37'14''N, 3°25'20''W.
a. 47°14'28''N, 3°17'38''W. h. 47°39'20''N, 3°24'00''W.
b. 47°14'28''N, 3°14'22''W. Area R13C.—An area bounded by the coast and lines join-
3. On the E—a line joining the following positions: ing the following positions:
a. 47°14'28''N, 3°14'22''W. a. 47°23'21''N, 3°15'00''W. (coast)
b. Iles Bagueneres (47°18'42''N., 3°15'12''W.), then the b. 47°23'21''N, 3°25'40''W.
W coast of Belle-Ile to c. 47°08'52''N, 3°26'00''W.
c. Pointe de Poulains (47°23'21''N., 3°15'12''W.). d. 47°14'00''N, 3°08'00''W.
d. 47°26'33''N, 3°05'35''W. e. 47°17'40''N, 3°11'40''W. (coast)
e. Pointe de Beg er Lan (47°14'28''N., 3°14'22''W.). Area R14.—An area bounded by the coast and lines joining
4. On the N—the W coast of Presqu’ile de Quiberon up the following positions:
to Pointe de Gavres. a. 47°34'34''N, 3°07'00''W. (coast)
Pub. 140
242 France
b. 47°32'20''N, 3°10'20''W. Levant Area
c. 47°36'04''N, 3°15'02''W. The Levant Area consists of an air-to-ground range and an
d. 47°37'24''N, 3°11'56''W. (coast) air-to-air range, as follows:
1. The air-to-ground portion of the range is used by air-
MEDITERRANEAN SEA FIRING DANGER AREAS craft for firing at targets on the ground on the NE part of the
Ile du Levant. It is bound by the following points, distances
General and bearings from Madone Tower (43°01.9'N., 6°28.2'E.):
French naval aircraft and vessels may conduct exercise in the a. 1.2 miles 016°. (Pointe de Castelas)
area bounded, as follows: b. 1.7 miles 010°.
1. Northern boundary—French coast. c. 3.4 miles 034°.
2. Western boundary—Longitude 5°00'E. d. 5.3 miles 052°.
3. Southern boundary—Latitude 41°40'N. e. 4.8 miles 090°.
4. Eastern boundary—the W coast of Corsica and a line f. 2.4 miles 090°.
joining Cap Corse (43°00'N., 9°25'E.) and Monaco g. 2.2 miles 063°.
(43°44'N., 7°25'E.). Points d and e are joined by the arc of a circle centered 1.5
miles, 053°, from Madone Tower.
Although most of this activity is concentrated within 30 The firing range is not in use from June 15 to September
miles of the naval base at Toulon (43°07'N., 5°55'E.), vessels 15.
may encounter naval vessels, submarines, and aircraft any- 2. The air-to-air portion of the range is rectangular
where within this area. Exercises may include missile firings, shaped and is 16 miles long and 8 miles wide. The starting
torpedo firings, and gunnery exercises; at night, warships and point is position 42°56'12''N, 6°20'00''E.
aircraft may be darkened and operating without navigational The long NW side is 16 miles bearing 050° from the above
lights. point. The short SW side is 8 miles bearing 140° from the
same point.
Saint-Elme-La Renardiere (Presqu'ile de Saint-Mandrier) The firing range is not in use from July 1 to September 1.
This firing range is associated with the Saint-Elme batteries When either range is in use, warning signals, consisting of a
(43°04.5'N., 5°54.2'E.) and La Renardiere (43°04.3'N., red square flag (by day) or a fixed red light (by night), are
5°55.6'E.). shown from the following locations on Ile du Levant (43°02'N.,
The firing azimuths of Saint-Elme are included between 6°29'E.):
170° and 230° from the mast of Pointe de Saint-Elme. 1. The disused signal station on Pointe du Titan.
The firing azimuths of La Renardiere are, as follows: 2. La Madone Tower, near the center of the island.
1. Wide Renardiere—Bearing 120° from the Cap Cepet 3. From the firing battery.
flagpole to the meridian 6°00'E, then along this meridian to a Lizerot (Ile du Levant).—This range is used by vessels fir-
bearing of 230° from the flagpole. ing at a target which consists of a mooring buoy anchored at
2. Narrow Renardiere—Defined by lines drawn 170° to position 43°01'30''N, 6°31'30''E, or 1.6 miles bearing 193°
230° from La Renardiere. from the l'Esquillade tower. The danger area is inside a circular
Warning signals are displayed from Cap Cepet signal station sector with a radius of 10 miles centered on position
(La Croix des Signaux) and at the masts of the firing batteries. 42°58'30''N, 6°28'00''E, and bound by lines extending from this
They consist of a red flag by day and red lights at night. The same point on bearings of 025° and 065°.
user of the range fires one round of blanks 1 hour before firing Warning signals are a blue flag and a red flag hoisted on Ma-
is to commence and two rounds of blanks 10 minutes prior to done Tower and a red flag hoisted by the firing ship. At night,
firing. The firing range is not in use from June 15 to September red lights are shown from the same places.
15. The firing range is not in use from June 15 to September 15.
Petit Serranier Ile du Toro (D172)

This range is used for gunnery exercises fired by naval ves- This naval vessel firing range on the E coast of Corse is in
sels at Petit Sarranier Rock. It is bounded by a line joining the the area of Ile du Toro. The firing area is bound by lines joining
following positions: the following positions:
a. 43°04'00''N, 6°15'10''E. a. 41°38.0'N, 9°25.7'E.
b. 43°02'40''N, 6°18'35''E. b. 41°30.0'N, 9°18.0'E.
c. 42°56'35''N, 6°17'00''E. c. 41°26.7'N, 9°15.5'E.
d. 42°56'35''N, 6°13'00''E. d. 41°26.0'N, 9°16.6'E.
e. 42°59'50''N, 6°15'10''E. e. 41°29.7'N, 9°33.1'E.
f. 43°04'00''N, 6°15'10''E. f. The arc of a circle with a radius of 7.7 miles centered
The firing ship maneuvers in the N part of the above area and on Ile du Toro (41°30.5'N, 9°22.8'E) from position
fires toward the S. A ship patrols that part of the range not visi- 41°29.7'N, 9°33.1'E to position 41°38.0'N, 9°25.7'E.
ble to the firing ship. Naval vessels fire to the NE towards the land during daylight
This range is not used between June 15 and September 15. hours only. Firing is prohibited from June 15 to September 15.
Warning signals are a red flag displayed by Ile de
Porquerolles signal station and at the masthead of one of the Diane (R66)
firing ships. This air-to-ground firing range on the E coast of Corse is un-
Pub. 140
France 243
der the authority of the Solenzara Air Base. The area forms a protected zone.
rectangle between the parallels 42°05'N and 42°14'N, and the In the event of a night launching, a fixed red light is shown at
meridians 9°28'E and 9°38'E. It is used during the daytime the top of the mole mast from one-half hour before the first
hours from Monday to Friday. launching until the end of the firing practice.
While the red light is shown, vessels and small boats are pro-
Solenzara (D67) hibited from navigating in, or entering, the protected zone.
This air-to-air firing range on the E coast of Corse is bound The launch stationed at the end of the firing line will display
by lines joining the following positions: a red flag when it has recovered the torpedo.
a. 42°18'N, 9°42'E. Long Distance Launching Range.—The axis of the long dis-
b. 42°19'N, 9°47'E. tance launching range is oriented at 060°. A protected zone of
c. 42°07'N, 10°26'E. 0.25 mile has been established on each side of the axis. The
d. 41°34'N, 10°42'E. length of this range is unlimited seaward and, as its use is ex-
e. 41°14'N, 9°42'E. ceptional, it is unmarked.
This air-to-air firing area is active from Monday to Friday For long distance firing, the warning signals and regulations
(except during the summer). remain the same as for the main launching range. In addition, a
blue flag is displayed at the Seche a l’Huile tower to repeat that
Corsica—Northwest Coast of the launching mole. Vessels anchoring should do so at a pru-
A firing practice area extends up to 2.5 miles seaward from dent distance from the range.
Capo Cavallo (42°31.0'N., 8°40.1'E.) to Punta Ricci
(42°33.6'N., 8°43.1'E.).
Fishing Areas
LAUNCH RANGES
These launch ranges are part of installations designed for General
special activities. Their organization and operation are con- Although French fishermen are frequenting fishing zones
trolled by the Naval Commander-in-Chief of the Third Region farther and farther from the coast with larger and larger trawl-
at Toulon. Activation is announced via local Notice to Mari- ers, coastal fishing remains essential to the economies of cer-
ners. tain regions, and concentrations of fishing vessels are likely to
Golfe de Saint-Tropez Torpedo Range.—The torpedo be encountered, especially at night, off the French coast.
launching range is established between the launching mole, sit-
uated abreast of Chateau Bertaud, and Seche a l'Huile tower, Atlantic Coast
which stands about 0.5 mile ESE of Pointe des Sardinaux. There are the large concentrations of trawlers and drifters
This range includes a launching range for submarines, fishing for herring in autumn and the first days of winter in the
bounded by the following points given in distance and bearing North Sea, in the vicinity of Le Sandettie and Cap Gris-Nez
from Seche a l'Huile tower: (especially in December and January), then S of the Strait of
a. 0.75 mile, 214.0° Dover, following the fish S from October until the beginning of
b. 1.7 miles, 226.0° January.
c. 1.7 miles, 244.0° The drifters, especially, are not maneuverable, as they are ei-
d. 1.3 miles, 248.5° ther paying out or taking in nets, or are moored to their nets.
e. 0.6 mile, 229.0° The nets which may reach several miles in length, are sup-
Launching can occur every day, usually performed during ported by buoys, which show white lights at night; the buoys
the day from 0800 to sunset, in clear weather, without prior no- may be equipped with radar reflectors.
tice. A protected zone of 0.25 mile has been established around The Bay of Biscay is an area of intensive fishing activity.
the launching range, on each side of the 4.6 mile line of fire ax- Large fishing fleets are based at fishing ports on the NE and S
is, which is oriented 055° on the Seche a l’Huile tower. shores of the bay.
The range is permanently marked by mooring buoys placed The tuna fleet, about 250 vessels, moves slowly NE from a
in the vicinity of the axis, up to about 3.2 miles from the position about 350 miles SW of Cape Ortegal (43°46'N.,
launching mole. At night these buoys are not individually lit, 7°52'W.) in June to a position about 140 miles N of the cape in
but are covered by the white sector of Pointe de Bertaud mole August. The fleet then divides, as follows:
light. Thirty minutes before the first launching of a firing prac- 1. One part moves NW, then W, reaching a point about
tice, a blue flag is displayed at the mast of the launching mole, 350 miles W of Ile d’Ouessant (48°28'N., 5°05'W.) in Octo-
until the end of the firing practice. A small boat displaying a ber.
blue flag is stationed at the end of the firing line. 2. The other part moves E, then S, and then SW, reaching
Five minutes before each launching, a red flag is displayed a point about 60 miles NNW of Santander (43°27'N.,
from the launching mole, and at the same time a loud sound 3°49'W.), also in October.
signal occurs. Each launching is announced by two brief sound The fleet is usually widely dispersed in June, but tends to
signals. concentrate in August and September.
While the blue flag is displayed at the launching mole mast, Trawlers work up to 100 miles offshore SW and W of the
vessels and small boats are prohibited from stopping and lay- coast of Brittany, but elsewhere in the Bay of Biscay they are
ing out fishing nets in the protected zone of the launching seldom found more than 50 miles offshore.
range. While the red flag is displayed from the mole mast, the Oyster beds are numerous in the vicinity of the French coast.
same vessels are prohibited from navigating in, or entering, the The beds are normally marked by buoys.
Pub. 140
244 France
Mediterranean Coast November 11 Armistice Day
Fishing takes place along the S coast of France, particularly
in Golfe du Lion where the depths are favorable. December 25 Christmas Day
Most fishing vessels work within a coastal strip approxi-
mately 10 miles wide, although tuna and sardine boats may be Industries
encountered farther offshore. At night, certain vessels practice
“lamparo” (lamp) fishing and their powerful lanterns, owing to The main industries include machinery, chemicals, motor ve-
the motion of the sea, should not be mistaken for the naviga- hicles, metallurgy, aircraft, electronics, textiles, food process-
tional lights and buoyage of the coast. ing, and tourism.
The main exports are machinery and transportation equip-
ment, aircraft, plastics, chemicals, pharmaceuticals, iron and
Government steel, and beverages. The main export-trading partners are Ger-
many, Spain, the United States, the United Kingdom, Italy, and
Belgium.
The main imports are machinery and equipment, vehicles,
crude oil, aircraft, plastics, and chemicals. The main import
trading partners are Germany, Belgium, Italy, the Netherlands,
Spain, the United States, and China.
Languages
French is the official language.
Meteorology
Flag of France Marine weather forecasts in French are available from Meteo
France (http://www.marine.meteofrance.com).
France is a republic. The country is divided into 18 regions
(13 metropolitan regions and five overseas regions), with a fur- Mined Areas
ther subdivision into 101 departments (96 metropolitan depart-
ments and five overseas departments). Mariners should consult Notice to Mariners and the latest
France is governed by a directly-elected President who best scale chart for any additional danger areas. A risk exists in
serves a 5-year term. The Prime Minister is appointed by the the following areas with regard to anchoring, fishing or any
President. The bicameral Parliament is composed of a 348- form of submarine or seabed activity.
member Senate, indirectly elected by an electoral college, serv-
ing 6-year terms, and a directly-elected 577-member National Mine Danger Areas
Assembly, serving 5-year terms. Approach to Correjou and Port de Tresseny (Kerisoc).—
The legal system is based on French civil law. An area bound by the coast, the parallel of 48°40'N and the me-
The capital is Paris. ridians of 4°23'W and 4°32'W.
Baie de la Fresnaie, Baie de l’Arguenon, and Baie de
Holidays Lancieux.—An area bound by the coast, by a line joining
Pointe de la Latte (48°40.2'N., 2°09.5'W.) to a position 0.5 mile
The following holidays are observed: N of Ile Agot and by the meridian of 2°09.5'W.
Strait of Dover to Dunkerque.—Former NEMEDRI Dan-
January 1 New Year’s Day ger Area No. 7 is an area in which danger due to mines laid be-
Good Friday Variable tween 1939 and 1945 still exists. The limits of Former Danger
Area No. 7 are comprised of all waters bound by the land and
Easter Sunday Variable the lines joining the following approximate positions:
Easter Monday Variable a. The coast of France in 2°32'30''E.
b. 51°06'54''N, 2°35'00''E.
May 1 Labor Day c. 51°11'00''N, 2°35'00''E.
May 8 World War II Victory Day d. 51°13'30''N, 2°29'20''E.
e. 51°08'15''N, 2°12'00''E.
Ascension Day Variable f. 51°08'40''N, 2°12'00''E.
Whitsunday Variable g. 51°07'03''N, 2°07'15''E.
h. 51°03'35''N, 2°10'20''E.
Whitmonday Variable
i. 51°04'22''N, 2°22'00''E.
July 14 Bastille Day j. The coast of France in 2°23'00''E.
August 15 Assumption Day These dangers do not exist in either Passe de l’Ouest or
Passe de l’Est, which are the approach channels to Dunkerque.
November 1 All Saint’s Day Northwest of Le Treport.—This area has been declared
Pub. 140
France 245
dangerous with regard to anchoring, trawling, or seabed activi- c. 49°28'20''N, 0°53'50''W.

ty and is bound by lines joining the following positions: d. 49°32'10''N, 1°03'40''W.
a. 50°08.0'N, 1°06.5'E. 3. CM3—Seine Entrance.—Area bounded by lines
b. 50°16.5'N, 1°13.5'E. joining the following positions:
c. 50°16.0'N. 1°20.0'E. a. 49°28'N, 0°04'W.
d. 50°06.5'N, 1°14.0'E. b. 49°28'N, 0°09'W.
Corsica—Baie de Sanary.—An area in which anchoring, c. 49°23'N, 0°09'W.
diving, and fishing are prohibited due to the presence of mines d. 49°23'N, 0°04'W.
laid during the war of 1939-1945 lies between Pointe de la 4. CM4—Calais Dunkerque.—Area bounded by lines
Cride and Ile du Grand Nouveau, in Baie de Sanary. joining the following positions:
A risk still exists with regard to anchoring, fishing, or any a. 51°03'30''N, 1°54'00''E.
form of submarine activity close to the sea bed. b. 51°05'20''N, 1°50'43''E.
The area is bounded by lines joining the following positions: c. 51°07'15''N, 2°03'00''E.
a. 43°06'30''N, 5°45'00''E. d. 51°12'00''N, 2°15'00''E.
b. 43°06'30''N, 5°46'24''E. e. 51°08'30''N, 2°15'00''E.
c. 43°05'24''N, 5°46'24''E. f. 51°05'30''N, 2°05'00''E.
d. 43°05'24''N, 5°45'00''E. 5. CM5—Baie de Seine.—Area bounded by lines join-
Minesweeping Operations a. 49°30'00''N, 0°30'00''W.
French minesweeping vessels, operating singly or in groups, b. 49°32'00''N, 0°27'00''W.
exhibit the lights and markings required by the International c. 49°37'00''N, 0°37'50''W.
Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea. d. 49°43'50''N, 0°40'00''W.
Other vessels should not approach within 0.3 mile of, or pass 6. BM1—Brest, Iroise West.—Area bounded by lines
less than 0.5 mile astern of, minesweepers in operation. In any joining the following positions:
case, vessels should not cross a formation of minesweepers. a. 48°19'00''N, 4°38'36''W.
Minesweepers warn vessels that persist in approaching too b. 48°18'36''N, 4°38'06''W.
close by means of the International Code of Signals. There are c. 48°17'14''N, 4°43'03''W.
several dangerous areas, open to surface navigation, but in d. 48°17'37''N, 4°43'18''W.
which it is dangerous to anchor, trawl, or navigate submerged, 7. BM2—Brest, Iroise East.—Area bounded by lines
due to the presence of mines, as follows: joining the following positions:
1. In the W approaches to Dunkerque a. 48°18'48''N, 4°38'15''W.
2. In the NW approach to Le Treport b. 48°19'25''N, 4°35'47''W.
3. In Baie de Seine c. 48°19'13''N, 4°35'43''W.
4. In Baie de la Fresnaie and Baie de Saint-Brieuc d. 48°18'37''N, 4°38'08''W.
5. In the NW approach to Brest 8. BM3—Brest Toulinguet.—Area bounded by lines
6. In the approach to Lorient, Baie de Quiberon and La joining the following positions:
Loire a. 48°17'30''N, 4°35'00''W.
7. In the approach to Bayonne and Saint Jean de Luz. b. 48°18'15''N, 4°35'00''W.
These areas may be charted. In general, the danger of mag- c. 48°18'15''N, 4°41'00''W.
netic mines is greater when the vessel has a large magnetic d. 48°17'30''N, 4°41'00''W.
field (a cargo of mineral ore, for example), or is navigated with 9. BM4—Douarnenez Jument.—Area bounded by
little water under the keel. lines joining the following positions:
It should be considered, especially, that certain shoal areas a. 48°11'06''N, 4°21'26''W.
have not been dragged, and may still contain mines which have b. 48°08'40''N, 4°20'16''W.
not been rendered harmless by time. c. 48°06'46''N, 4°28'42''W.
Exercise minefields may be laid anywhere off the French d. 48°09'09''N, 4°29'56''W.
coast, normally in inshore waters. These are activated for brief 10. BM5—Douarnenez Millier.—Area bounded by
periods only. lines joining the following positions:
Vessels may encounter minesweepers operating in the fol- a. 48°10'26''N, 4°24'18''W.
lowing areas: b. 48°08'03''N, 4°23'04''W.
1. CM1—Cherbourg.—Area bounded by a line joining c. 48°06'06''N, 4°31'33''W.
the following positions: d. 48°08'28''N, 4°32'46''W.
a. 49°40'31''N, 1°38'50''W.
b. 49°43'16''N, 1°39'40''W.
c. 49°43'30''N, 1°40'00''W. Temporary Explosives Dumping Areas
d. 49°43'37''N, 1°35'03''W.
e. 49°43'30''N, 1°30'00''W. Area Centered on
Deposit Zone Locality
2. CM2—La Capelle St. Vaast.—Area bounded by radius (approx.)
lines joining the following positions: Le Havre 200m 49°28.7'N, 0°02.0'E.
a. 49°30'30''N, 1°07'40''W.
b. 49°26'00''N, 0°56'40''W. Trouville 200m 49°24.0'N, 0°01.2'E.
Pub. 140
246 France
Temporary Explosives Dumping Areas Temporary Explosives Dumping Areas

Area Centered on Area Centered on
Deposit Zone Locality Deposit Zone Locality
radius (approx.) radius (approx.)
Dives-sur-Mer 200m 49°20.8'N, 0°09.3'W. L’orient, Etel, Ile de
200m 47°38.4'N, 3°23.1'W.
Groix
Ouistreham 200m 49°20.8'N, 0°09.3'W.
Courselles-sur-Mer 200m 49°22.3'N, 0°26.9'W. Quiberon, Auray, La
Trinite-sur-Mer, Belle- 200m 47°22.0'N, 3°01.2'W.
Port-en-Bessin 200m 49°22.8'N, 0°45.8'W. Ile
Grandcamp-Maisy 200m 49°25.4'N, 1°02.6'W. Vannes, Penerf 200m 47°27.7'N, 2°43.8'W.
Saint-Vaast-la-Hougue Piriac-sur-Mer, Le
200m 49°31.1'N, 1°12.8'W. 200m 47°19.7'N, 2°32.7'W.
and Barfleur Croisic
Cherbourg (heavy Saint-Nazaire 200m 47°10.1'N, 2°16.9'W.
200m 49°41.6'N, 1°38.1'W.
devices)
Pornic, Ile de Noir-
Cherbourg 200m 47°03.8'N, 2°08.3'W.
moutier
200m 49°40.1'N, 1°37.0'W.
(light devices) Ile d’Yeu 200m 46°42.5'N, 2°13.0'W.
Granville 200m 48°48.9'N, 1°37.1'W.
Saint-Gilles-Croix-de-
200m 46°40.6'N, 1°59.6'W.
Cancale 200m 48°43.0'N, 1°47.8'W. Vie
Saint Malo 200m 48°42.5'N, 1°58.8'W. Les Sables-d’Olonne 200m 46°31.2'N, 1°51.5'W.
Saint Jacut-Saint Cast 200m 48°40.5'N, 2°14.9'W. La Rochelle-Pallice, Ile
200m 46°05.7'N, 1°13.5'W.
Cap Frehel 200m 48°39.8'N, 2°24.5'W. d’Oleron, Marennes
200m 45°35.6'N, 1°05.5'W.
Erquy-Saint Brieuc 200m 48°38.8'N, 2°36.1'W. Marennes, Bordeaux
Saint Quay-Portrieux 200m 48°43.7'N, 2°38.5'W. 200m 45°34.0'N, 1°14.4'W.
Paimpol 200m 48°50.0'N, 2°50.1'W. Arachon 35m 45°35.9'N, 1°13.3'W.

Bayonne 200m 44°33.8'N, 1°31.5'W.
Treguier 200m 48°54.2'N, 3°08.9'W.
Perros Guirec 200m 48°51.3'N, 3°24.1'W. Biarritz, Saint-Jean-de-
200m 43°27.4'N, 1°36.9'W.
Luz
Lannion 200m 48°45.1'N, 3°37.2'W.
Saint-Jean-de-Luz,
Morlaix-Roscoff 200m 48°44.1'N, 3°55.1'W. 200m 43°24.2'N, 1°43.5'W.
Hendaye
Ile de Batz 200m 48°45.3'N, 4°03.3'W.
Kerlouan 200m 48°40.8'N, 4°26.4'W. Explosive Dumping Areas
L’Aber Wrac'h 200m 48°38.2'N, 4°36.9'W. The following steps are to be taken in case of the discovery
of suspicious devices in French waters:
L’Aber Benoit 200m 48°35.4'N, 4°40.7'W. 1. Make all efforts to mark it.
Portsall 200m 48°33.6'N, 4°45.7'W. 2. Inform the nearest CROSS station or, if this is not pos-
sible, the authorities at the nearest harbor.
Ile de Molene 200m 48°24.3'N, 4°55.8'W.
3. Any vessel having a suspicious device on board, in its
Le Conquet 200m 48°22.6'N, 4°47.7'W. nets, or in tow must report as in paragraph 2, must not enter
Brest 200m 48°21.2'N, 4°27.7'W. harbor without authorization of the port authority, and must
keep clear of other vessels and of the shore.
An area 500m in width 4. Make all efforts to stand into one of the deposit zones
bordering the coast of Presqille (temporary) listed in the table titled Temporary Explosives
Camaret
de Quelern, between Pointe des Dumping Areas.
Capucins and Pointe du Diable. The position in which the device is dumped must be careful-
Anse de Dinan 200m 48°14.5'N, 4°35.4'W. ly marked, and if this procedure is considered to be dangerous
then the vessel must remain in the area until the arrival of the
Morgat-Douarnenez 200m 48°11.0'N, 4°21.1'W. intervention team.
lle de Sein 200m 48°03.0'N, 4°50.2'W.
Audierne 200m 47°59.l'N, 4°32.1'W.
Le Guilvinec 200m 47°45.4'N, 4°16.3'W. Enroute Volumes
Concarneau 200m 47°47.3'N, 3°53.2'W. nean.
Pub. 140
France 247
Pub. 143, Sailing Directions (Enroute) West Coast of Europe Pollution

Pub. 191, Sailing Directions (Enroute) English Channel. All vessels navigating in French coastal waters are requested
to report the following incidents:
Maritime Claims 1. Pollution caused by hydrocarbons or other noxious
The maritime territorial claims of France are, as follows: substances.
2. Barrels, containers, or other packages found at sea lia-
Territorial Sea * 12 miles. ble to cause pollution.
3. Incidents such as collisions or fire at sea liable to cause
Contiguous Zone 24 miles. pollution.
Fisheries or Economic 200 miles. ** 4. Jettisoning of hydrocarbons to help save vessels and
Zone safeguard human life at sea.
Reports should be sent to the nearest CROSS Stations, either
Continental Shelf Depth of 200m or the Limit directly or through a coast radio station. The report should be-
of Exploitation. gin with the word POLREP and contain the following informa-
* Claims straight baselines. tion:
1. Classification of report (doubtful, probable, or con-
** Atlantic coast only. In the Mediterranean Sea, only
firmed).
claims a 12-mile fishery limit and a 200-mile Ecological
2. Date and time of observation reported. Indicate if time
Protection Zone.
is UTC or local. Identity of the observer or the report’s origi-
nator. Indicate the name and call sign of the vessel sending
Deep-Water Routes the report.
See North Sea and English Channel—Navigational Infor- 3. Position and extent of the pollution (if possible, give
mation—Deep-Water Routes. the latitude and longitude or distance from a conspicuous
point). Estimate of pollution (dimensions of polluted area;
Channel Navigation and Information Service (CNIS) tonnage of hydrocarbons pumped out; or number of barrels,
The CNIS operates from Dover Strait Coast Guard and containers, etc.). Position of observer with respect to the pol-
CROSSMA Griz Nez. The broadcasts include information con- lution.
cerning traffic, navigation, and visibility. 4. Speed and direction of wind and current.
For further details of these regulations, see Pub. 191, Sailing 5. Meteorological conditions and sea state.
Directions (Enroute) English Channel. 6. Pollution characteristics. Type of pollution (hydrocar-
bons (crude or refined), jettisoning of chemical products in
containers or bulk). In each case, give the appearance (liquid,
Offshore Drilling floating solids, oily appearance, semi-liquid sludge, tarry
lumps, dispersed hydrocarbons, changes in water color, visi-
Drill rigs may operate off the coast in the English Channel ble vapor). Give all distinguishing marks on the containers or
throughout the year. barrels.
For further information, see North Sea and English Chan- 7. Source and cause of pollution (from vessel or other in-
nel—Offshore Drilling. stallations). If the origin is a vessel, indicate if it appears to
have been deliberate or an accident; in the latter case, give a
Pilotage brief description. If possible, give the name, type, size, and
nationality of the home port of the polluting vessel. If the
Pilotage is compulsory for vessels of a certain length or ton- vessel is on passage, give its course and speed.
nage for each port within a defined compulsory pilotage area. 8. Identification of vessels in the vicinity (to be given if
Pilotage is compulsory in many ports for vessels carrying hy- the polluter cannot be identified and if the pollution appears
drocarbons or dangerous substances. to be recent).
Vessels arriving or departing ports in northwestern Europe 9. Proof of details (photographs or samples).
can request Deep Sea Pilots before reaching busy areas. These 10. Action taken or planned.
pilots should be requested from certain Deep Sea Pilot Stations 11. Expected development in pollution (arrival at coast-
in France, the United Kingdom, or other European countries line) giving time of estimates.
along the North Sea coasts and the Baltic Sea. For further in- 12. Countries and organizations informed.
formation, see United Kingdom—Pilotage. 13. Any other information judged of value (names of wit-
Vessels transiting the English Channel eastward can pick up nesses).
Deep Sea Pilots off Cherbourg, Le Havre, Boulogne, Calais,
and Dunkerque. MARPOL Special Area
French pilot vessels have the following distinguishing fea- MARPOL Special Areas are sea areas where special manda-
tures: tory methods for the prevention of oil pollution in the sea have
1. Black hull with a narrow white band. been adopted. Several areas off the coasts of France have been
2. Anchor painted on the funnel, if any. designated as MARPOL Special Areas, as follows:
3. Lettering indicating the pilot station painted in white 1. The Mediterranean Sea.
on the bulwarks fore and aft. 2. The Northwest European Waters (Atlantic coast).
Pub. 140
248 France
Further information can be found in North Atlantic 6. In the Strait of Bonifacio.
Mandatory Access Routes/Channels
Regulations Mediterranean
Atlantic ports
ports
General
Vessels should send an ETA between 18 hours to 24 hours in Saint Malo Port-La-Nouvelle
advance or upon departure from the last port of call. Saint Brieuc Sete
All vessels bound for a port should maintain a listening
Roscoff Golfe de Fos
watch on VHF channel 16, or on a channel designated by the
port authority or pilot station before entry into the approach Brest Marseille
channel. Douarenez Toulon
Navigation and Procedures in French Territorial Waters Concarneau Ajaccio
Vessels greater than 1,600 gt carrying hydrocarbons, danger- Lorient Porto-Vecchio
ous cargo, or noxious substances must keep at least 7 miles
from the French coast except, as follows: Ports of the Loire Solenzara
1. In the northeastbound lane of the Straits of Dover Les Sables-d’Olonne Lucciana
Traffic Separation Scheme.
2. Within the passages and fairways to the following La Rochelle Bastia
French Atlantic ports: La Pallice
La Gironde
Dunkerque Saint Brieuc
Bayonne
Calais Roscoff
Boulogne Brest Mandatory Access Routes/Channels
Dieppe Douarnenez Many French ports contain Mandatory Access Routes/Chan-
nels, which are required to be used by vessels greater than
Fecamp Le Havre- Concarneau 1,600 gt which originate from or are bound to these harbors
Antifer and roadsteads, and are carrying hydrocarbons, dangerous car-
Rouen and the ports Lorient go, or noxious substances. The ports where these Mandatory
of the lower Seine Access Routes/Channels are in operation are contained the ta-
ble titled Mandatory Access Routes/Channels.
Caen/Ouistreham Ports of the Loire See the appropriate Sailing Directions (Enroute) for particu-
Cherbourg Les Sables-d’Olonne lars concerning Mandatory Access Routes/Channels to the
above ports.
Granville La Rochelle/La These vessels, when they are in the access channels, have
Pallice priority in accordance with Rule 9 of the International Regula-
The Transfer of Cargo Ports of La Gironde tions for Preventing Collisions at Sea.
Operations Area ENE and Bayonne Vessels crossing these channels should do so as nearly as
of Pointe de Saire in possible at right angles to the channel and stay well clear of
Baie de la Seine any vessels in the approach channel and, if it is equipped with
VHF radiotelephone, it must maintain a listening watch on
Saint Malo
VHF channel 16.
Vessels are not to anchor or wait in the approach channels
3. Raz Blanchard, the channel between Alderney and the except in the circumstances beyond their control.
coast of France. Those vessels forced by necessity to anchor or wait should
4. Within the passages and fairways to the following inform port authorities by the most expedient means.
French Mediterranean ports: Those vessels carrying a dangerous cargo must, in the ap-
proach channels, fly Flag “B” of the International Code of Sig-
Port-La-Nouvelle Ajaccio nals by day and exhibit one red light, at night, clearly visible all
around.
Sete Porto-Vecchio
The preceding regulations do not excuse masters and pilots
Golfe de Fos Solenzara from conforming to the International Regulations for Prevent-
Marseille Lucciana ing Collisions at Sea.
Toulon Bastia European Union Expanded Inspection (EI) Notification

Under European Union (EU) Directive 2009/16/EC, the Eu-
5. In the Corsica Channel Traffic Separation Scheme and ropean Union has introduced a mandatory reporting system for
Precautionary Areas. vessels arriving at or departing from a port or anchorage in the
Pub. 140
France 249
EU region. swimming, deep sea diving, movement of beach apparatus and

The reports shall be sent directly to the harbormaster at the wind surfing are prohibited.
port of destination.
For further information, see North Atlantic Ocean—Regu- Speed Limit in the Coastal Area
lations—European Union Expanded Inspection (EI) Notifi- To ensure the safety of swimmers and deep sea divers, the
cation. movement of all sailing and motorized vessels (including sea-
planes and maritime hovercraft), beach and nautical sports ap-
European Union Dangerous and Polluting Cargo Notifica- paratus, and windsurfers is prohibited at a speed greater than 5
tion knots, in a continuous strip 300m wide along the French Medi-
Under European Union (EU) Directive 2002/59/EC, as terranean coast, and around the islands and islets off the coast.
amended by EU Directive 2009/17/EC, any vessel over 300 However, this speed limit is not applicable in the approach
gross tons and any vessel carrying dangerous or polluting cargo routes and anchorage areas of the ports mentioned in the pre-
bound to or leaving from EU ports should report to the relevant ceding regulation.
port authority at least 24 hours in advance.
For further information, see Baltic Sea—Regulations—Eu- Seaplanes
ropean Union Dangerous and Polluting Cargo Notifica- During the summer season, seaplanes, when combating for-
tions. est fires, normally use open and calm areas to fill their water
tanks. No prior warning can be given. These planes make pass-
Particularly Sensitive Sea Areas (PSSA) es at very low altitude over the selected landing axis. Upon
The waters off the W coast of the United Kingdom, Ireland, sighting this maneuver all vessels, sailboats, small craft and
Belgium, France, Spain, and Portugal, from the Sheltand Is- divers must, without fail, depart as quickly as possible from the
lands in the N to Cabo San Vicente in the S, including the En- landing axis, on a perpendicular course, to a distance of 0.25
glish Channel, were granted (2004) the status of PSSA by the mile.
International Maritime Organization. This zone is to remain free and clear until 1 hour after the
The waters of the Strait of Bonifacio between Sardinia (Ita- passage of the last plane. The following areas on the S coast of
ly) and Corsica (France) have been declared by the IMO to be a France may be used:
PSSA. 1. La Ciotat.
A PSSA is an area that requires special protection because of 2. Sanary.
its vulnerability to damage caused by marine activities. Vessels 3. Toulon.
operating in or near such an area should exercise the utmost 4. Hyeres.
care to avoid damage to the maritime environment and the ma- 5. Saint-Tropez.
rine organisms in it. No waste should be discharged overboard. 6. Saint-Raphael.
The Western Europe Tanker Reporting System (WETREP) 7. Villefranche.
was instituted to help protect the environment of the PSSA. 8. Beaulieu.
9. Etang de Thau.
Regulations for Movement of Vessels in Port Access Routes 10. Berre.
and Anchorage Areas 11. Marseille.
The following special navigation regulations are in effect to The following gulfs and bays of Corse may be used:
control sailboat and small vessel traffic in the approach routes 1. Saint-Florent.
and anchorage areas of certain French ports: 2. Calvi.
1. Port-Vendres. 3. Sagone.
2. Port La-Nouvelle. 4. Ajaccio.
3. Marseille. 5. Valinco.
4. Toulon. 6. Figari.
5. Nice. 7. Porto-Vecchio.
6. Ajaccio.
7. Bonifacio. Tanker Regulations
8. Port-Vecchi. Single hull oil tankers over 15 years old carrying heavy fuel
9. Bastia. oil, tar, or bitumen must contact the appropriate CROSS station
10. Ile Rousse. 24 hours prior to entering the Exclusive Economic Zone of
11. Calvi. France.
Sailing vessels must stay clear of the course of warships, and Single hull oil tankers carrying heavy petroleum products are
all other mechanically propelled vessels with a length equal to prohibited from entering or departing from French ports or ter-
or greater than 50m. minals and from anchoring in French waters without prior per-
Motorized vessels less than 20m in length must not impede mission.
the passage of warships, and all other mechanically propelled Single-hull tankers of 5,000 dwt and greater carrying heavy
vessels with a length equal to or greater than 50m. products are prohibited from anchoring in French inshore mar-
Sailing or motorized vessels should only navigate in these itime waters. Internal maritime waters are defined as being be-
areas when entering or leaving a harbor, occupying or leaving tween the coast and the strait baselines or closing lines of bays,
an anchorage, or when carrying out a public or commercial ser- including the following areas along the English Channel/North
vice. Within these port access routes and anchorage areas, Sea coast:
Pub. 140
250 France
1. Baie de Seine—From Cap de la Heve Light to the light 3. Vessel nationality and type.
on the W jetty at Trouville. 4. ETA at pilot station.
2. Rade de Saint-Vaast-la-Capelle—From Cap Levi Light 5. Port and date of departure.
to Fort de Nacqueville. 6. Last port-of-call and date.
3. Anse de Vauville—From Jobourg signal tower to the 7. Number of crew and passengers.
Flamanville signal tower. 8. The condition of all persons and animals on board.
4. Baie du Mont-Saint-Michel—From Pointe du Roc 9. Date and place of issue of any de-ratting certificate or
Light to Ilot Herpin and continuing on to Pointe du Grouin. de-ratting exemption certificate applicable to the vessel.
10. Request for free pratique.
Pre-arrival Quarantine Reporting
Messages should be sent to the appropriate port at the indi-
cated time before the vessel’s ETA; information concerning the Special IMO Navigation Recommendations in the English
message address and sending time is listed in the table titled Channel
France—Pre-arrival Quarantine Reporting Information. Special IMO recommendations for navigation off certain ar-
The message should contain the following information: eas off the United Kingdom and in the English Channel are in
1. Name and call sign of vessel. effect. For further information, see North Sea and English
2. Message address. Channel—Regulations.
France—Pre-arrival Quarantine Reporting Information

Report
sent
Port Message Address Operating Hours
before
ETA
Ajaccio SANIPORT Ajaccio 0900-1200 and 1400-1800 12 hours
Bayonne SANIPORT Bayonne 0900-1200 24 hours
Bordeaux SANIPORT Bordeaux 0800-1645 12 hours
Boulogne SANIPORT Boulogne 0800-1200 and 1400-1800 12 hours
Brest SANIPORT Brest 0830-1200 and 1400-1800 24 hours
Caen SANIPORT Caen 0900-1200 and 1400-1800 24 hours
Calais SANIPORT Calais 24 hours 24 hours
Cherbourg, St. Lo SANIPORT Cherbourg 0830-1230 and 1330-1730 15 hours
Dieppe SANIPORT Le Havre 24 hours 24 hours
Dunkerque SANIPORT Dunkerque 24 hours 24 hours
Fecamp SANIPORT Le Havre 24 hours 24 hours
Fos/Port-de-Bouc SANIPORT Marseille 0700-1900 24 hours
La Rochelle/ La Pallice SANIPORT La Rochelle 0800-1200 and 1400-1800 24 hours
Le Havre/Antifer SANIPORT Le Havre 24 hours 24 hours
Lorient SANIPORT Lorient 0800-1200 and 1400-1800 12 hours
Marseille SANIPORT Marseille 0800-1200 and 1400-1745 24 hours
Nantes/Saint-Nazaire SANIPORT Saint-Nazaire 24 hours 24 hours
Nice SANIPORT Nice 0900-1200 and 1400-1800 24 hours
Port-La Nouvelle SANIPORT Port-La Nouvelle 0800-1200 and 1400-1800 24 hours
Port Saint-Louis SANIPORT Port Saint-Louis 0700-1900 24 hours
Port-Vendres SANIPORT Port-Vendres 0800-1200 and 1400-1800 24 hours
Rouen SANIPORT Rouen 0830-1200 and 1400-1800 4 hours
Saint-Malo SANIPORT Saint-Malo 0800-1200 and 1400-1800 24 hours
Sete SANIPORT Sete 0700-1900 24 hours
Toulon SANIPORT Toulon 0800-1200 and 1400-1800 24 hours
Pub. 140
France 251
Search and Rescue the Road, Rule 10.

The Societe Nationale de Sauvetage en Mer (SNSM) main-
Atlantic Ocean tains offshore lifeboats, at constant readiness, at the following
France has four Regional Surveillance and Rescue Opera- locations:
tions situated on the Atlantic coast. These centers are located in 1. Saint-Jean-de-Luz (43°23'N., 1°40'W.).
MRCC Griz-Nez (50°52'N., 1°35'E.), MRCC Jobourg 2. L’Ardour, Anglet (43°32'N., 1°30'W.).
(49°41'N., 1°54'E.), MRCC Corsen (48°25'N., 4°47'E.), and 3. Cap Ferret (44°39'N., 1°14'W.).
MRCC Etel (47°40'N., 3°12'E.). 4. Port-Medoc (45°33'N., 1°03'W.).
A Search and Rescue Organization, Centre Regional de 5. La Cotiniere (45°55'N., 1°20'W.).
Surveillance et de Sauvetage (CROSS) covers the English 6. Les Sables-d’Olonne (46°42'N., 1°57'W.).
Channel and S part of the North Sea. MRCC Griz-Nez has 7. Port Joinville (46°44'N., 2°21'W.).
been designated as the initial point of contact for foreign search 8. L’Herbaudiere (47°01'N., 2°18'W.).
and rescue authorities or when one of the other MRCCs is 9. Le Croisic (47°18'N., 2°31'W.).
unable to deal with the incident. The MRCCs can be contacted, 10. Le Palais (47°21'N., 3°09'W.).
as follows: 11. Etel (47°39'N., 3°12'W.).
12. Le Guilvinec (47°48'N., 4°17'W.).
France—MRCC Contact Information (Atlantic Ocean) 13. Saint-Guenole (47°49'N., 4°23'W.).
14. Ile d’Ouessant (Lampaul) (48°27'N., 5°06'W.).
MRCC Gris Nez 15. Ile Molene (48°24'N., 4°57'W.).
Telephone 33-3-21872187 16. Ile de Sein (48°03'N., 4°52'W.).
17. Audierne (48°01'N., 4°32'W.).
Facsimile 33-3-21877855
18. Portsall (48°33'N., 4°42'W.).
[email protected] 19. Aber-Wrac’h (48°36'N., 4°34'W.).
E-mail 20. Ile de Batz (48°45'N., 4°01'W.).
[email protected]
durable.gouv.fr 21. Ploumanach-Perros-Guirec (48°50'N., 3°29'W.).
22. Saint-Malo (48°38'N., 2°02'W.).
MRCC Jobourg 23. Granville (48°50'N., 1°36'W.).
Telephone 33-2-33521616 24. Goury (49°43'N., 1°57'W.).
25. Barfleur (49°40'N., 1°15'W.).
Facsimile 33-2-33527823 26. Ouistreham (49°17'N., 0°15'W.).
[email protected] 27. Fecamp (49°46'N., 0°22'E.).
E-mail 28. Dieppe (49°56'N., 1°05'E.).
[email protected] 29. Boulogne-sur-Mer (50°44'N., 1°36'E.).
MRCC Corsen 30. Calais (50°58'N., 1°51'E.).
31. Dunkerque (51°02'N., 2°21'E.).
Telephone 33-2-98893131 Emergency towing vessels, which can provide year-round
Facsimile 33-2-98896575 assistance in the English Channel and the S part of the North
Sea, are located, as follows:
[email protected] 1. Brest (48°23'N., 4°29'W.).
E-mail
[email protected] 2. Cherbourg (49°40'N., 1°39'W).
MRCC Etal
Mediterranean Sea
Telephone 33-2-97553535
France has two Regional Surveillance and Rescue Opera-
Facsimile 33-2-97554934 tions situated on the Mediterranean coast. These centers are lo-
[email protected] cated in MRCC La Garde (43°06'N., 6°00'E.) and MRSC
E-mail Ajaccio (41°55'N., 8°45'E.).
[email protected] A Search and Rescue Organization, Centre Operationnel de
Surveillance et de Sauvetage en Mediterranee (CROSS MED)
CROSS provides a permanent, full-time weather operational (Mediterranean Operational Center for Surveillance and Res-
presence along the coast of France. CROSS also coordinates cue) covers the Mediterranean Sea from the Franco-Spanish
surveillance of marine traffic, especially within the 12-mile border, then by the line joining the following points:
limit, maritime search and rescue, fishery surveillance out to a. 42°00'N, 4°40'E.
200 miles, monitors pollution, and collects data for future use. b. 39°00'N, 4°40'E.
The purpose of the marine traffic surveillance is to enhance c. 39°00'N, 8°00'E.
navigational safety which includes the policing of the IMO ad- d. 41°00'N, 8°00'E.
opted Traffic Separation Schemes (TSS) and Inshore Traffic e. 41°20'N, 8°20'E.
Zones (ITZ) in the English Channel and off Ushant. f. 41°20'N, 9°45'E.
CROSS broadcasts information bulletins on movements of g. 43°10'N, 9°45'E.
vessels which appear to be navigating within a TSS or ITZ h. and to the E by the Franco-Italian border.
contrary to the requirements as per the International Rules of MRCC La Garde and MRSC Ajaccio can be contacted, as
Pub. 140
252 France
follows: Dover Strait Reporting System (CALDOVREP)
CALDOVREP, a mandatory reporting system under SOLAS
France—MRCC Contact Information (Mediterranean regulations, has been established in a 65-mile stretch of the
Sea) Dover Traffic Separation Scheme (TSS). All vessels 300 gross
tons and over are required to participate in this system; speci-
MRCC La Garde fied vessels under 300 gross tons are also required to partici-
33-4-94611616 (emergency) pate in the system. Vessels participating in this system are
Telephone tracked by radar and AIS. Vessels which appear to be navigat-
33-4-94617110 (administration)
ing within a TSS contrary to the requirements of Rule 10 of the
Facsimile 33-4-94271149 International Collision Regulations (72 COLREGS) will be re-
E-mail [email protected] ported to their flag state.
Further information can be found in Pub. 191, Sailing Direc-
MRSC Ajaccio (MRSC Corse) tions (Enroute) English Channel.
Telephone 33-4-95201363
CORSEN-OUESSANT (OUESSREP)
Facsimile 33-4-95225191 CORSEN-OUESSANT (OUESSREP), a Vessel Traffic Ser-
[email protected] vice (VTS) system, has been established in the W approaches
E-mail to the English Channel. It is a mandatory reporting system un-
[email protected] der SOLAS regulations and operates within an area with a radi-
us of 40 miles centered on Ile d’Ouessant. All vessels over 300
CROSS provides a permanent, full-time weather operational gross tons are required to participate in this system. Special
presence along the coast of France. CROSS also coordinates IMO provisions have also been established for vessels using
surveillance of marine traffic, especially within the 12-mile the Traffic Separation Scheme (TSS) situated off Ouessant
limit, maritime search and rescue, fishery surveillance out to (Ushant).
200 miles, monitors pollution, and collects data for future use. Further information can be found in Pub. 191, Sailing Direc-
CROSS broadcasts information bulletins on the movements tions (Enroute) English Channel.
of vessels which appear to be navigating within a TSS or ITZ
contrary to the requirements as per the International Rules of Jobourg Vessel Traffic Service (MANCHEREP)
the Road, Rule 10. MANCHEREP is a mandatory reporting system operating
The Societe Nationale de Sauvetage en Mer (SNSM) main- under SOLAS regulations which has been established in an ar-
tains offshore lifeboats, at constant readiness, at the following ea covering the Traffic Separation Scheme off Les Casquets.
locations: All vessels over 300 gross tons are required to participate in
1. Port-Vendres (42°31'N., 3°07'E.). this system; specified vessels under 300 gross tons are also re-
2. Sete (43°24'N., 3°42'E.). quired to participate in the system.
3. Port de Carro (43°19.9'N., 5°02.6'E.). Further information can be found in Pub. 191, Sailing Direc-
4. La Ciotat (43°10'N., 5°36'E.). tions (Enroute) English Channel.
5. Hyeres (43°05'N., 6°09'E.).
6. Saint-Tropez (43°16'N., 6°38'E.). Western Europe Tanker Reporting System (WETREP)
7. Monaco (43°44'N., 7°25'E.). The Western Europe Tanker Reporting System (WETREP),
8. Bonifacio (41°23'N., 9°09'E.). a mandatory reporting system covering the waters off Belgium,
9. Macinaggio (42°57.7'N., 9°27.3'E.). the W coast and English Channel coasts of France, Ireland,
10. Bastia (42°42'N., 9°27'E.). Portugal; the N and W coasts of Spain, and the English Chan-
A salvage vessel is stationed in Marseilles (43°20'N., nel and W coasts of the United Kingdom, including the Shet-
5°21'E.). land Isles, is in effect.
Ship Reporting System Ocean—Ship Reporting System.
United Kingdom Ship Movement Report System (MAREP) Bonifacio Strait Reporting System (BONIFREP)
The United Kingdom Ship Movement Report System The Strait of Bonifacio borders the S side of Corsica and
(MAREP) is a voluntary reporting system which applies to the separates it from Sardinia, a province of Italy. The Bonifacio
following vessels: Strait Reporting System (BONIFREP) has been established
1. All merchant vessels of 300 gross tons and over. Ves- within the Strait of Bonifacio and its E and W approaches. The
sels of less than 300 gross tons are strongly encouraged to system is mandatory for all vessels of 300 gt and over. Further
participate. information can be found in Pub. 131, Sailing Directions (En-
2. Any vessels “not under command” or at anchor in a route) Western Mediterranean.
Traffic Separation Scheme (TSS) or an Inshore Traffic Zone
(ITZ). SURNAV
3. Any vessel “restricted in its ability to maneuver.” SURNAV is a system designed to monitor the movements
4. Any vessel with defective navigational aids. and condition of vessels carrying hydrocarbons, dangerous car-
Further information can be found in United Kingdom— go, or noxious substances navigating in the approaches to the
Ship Reporting System and United Kingdom—Appendix I. French coasts of the North Sea, the English Channel, the Atlan-
Pub. 140
France 253
tic Ocean, and the Mediterranean Sea. The regulations apply to of MARPOL 73.
the following vessels: c. Dangerous cargo as specified in the International
1. Vessels carrying hydrocarbons or the gaseous residues Maritime Code of Dangerous Goods (IMDG), including
of hydrocarbons as specified in Annex 1 of MARPOL 73. radioactive materials specified in the INF Code.
2. Non-inert tankers and vessels carrying the following: d. Dangerous cargo as specified in Chapter 17 of the
a. Noxious liquid substances as specified in Annex 2 IBC Code and Chapter 19 of the IGC Code.
of MARPOL 73 and classed in Category A and Category Vessels carrying the indicated cargo shall report to the appro-
B in Chapter 17 of the IBC Code. priate CROSS station, as given in Appendix I—SURNAV—
b. Liquefied gas in bulk. Reporting Stations and Contact Information.
c. Plutonium-239, uranium-233, uranium-235, urani- Movement information.—Vessels indicated above intend-
um-238, thorium, or any material containing them, with ing to enter or pass through French territorial waters shall send
the exception of ores. a movement information report, prefixed SURNAV-FRANCE,
d. Acetaldehyde (UN 1089), ether ethyl (UN 1155), to the relevant CROSS center (for vessels in the North Sea, the
ethyl vinylic ether (UN 1302), monoethylamine (UN English Channel, or the Atlantic Ocean) or to CROSS La Gar-
1036), ammonium nitrate (UN 0222), or propylene oxide de (for vessels in the Mediterranean Sea). The message shall be
(UN 1280). sent 6 hours prior to entering French territorial waters or 6
e. Composite organochlorides, such as organochloride hours prior to leaving a port or anchorage on the French coast.
pesticides (UN 2761, UN 2762, UN 2995, and UN 2996). The format and information required can be found in Appen-
3. Vessels carrying the following: dix II—Atlantic Coast—Movement Information and Ap-
a. Noxious liquid substances as specified in Annex 2 pendix II—Mediterranean Coast—Movement
of MARPOL 73. Information.
b. Harmful liquid substances as specified in Annex 3 Any subsequent changes should be reported immediately.
Courtesy of SHOM
France—Mediterranean Sea Environmental Protection Zone
Pub. 140
254 France
Vessels indicated above arriving from a port or anchorage The format and information required can be found in Ap-
outside the European Union and intending to anchor in French pendix II—Atlantic Coast—Accident and Incident at Sea
territorial waters shall send a message to the relevant CROSS Information and Appendix II—Mediterranean Coast—Ac-
center (for vessels in the North Sea, the English Channel, or the cident and Incident at Sea Information.
Atlantic Ocean) or to CROSS La Garde (for vessels in the The vessel suffering the accident shall also:
Mediterranean Sea) when leaving the loading port, or as soon 1. Inform the appropriate CROSS station of the develop-
as possible in the event of a change in destination, stating the ing situation.
following information (or indicating what authority within the 2. Maintain a continuous listening watch, as follows:
European Union holds that information): a. DSC—2187.5 kHz and VHF channel 70.
1. Name, call sign, and MMSI of vessel. b. VHF channel 16.
2. Nationality of vessel. c. On any specified channel.
3. Length overall and draft of vessel. 3. Take all precautions stipulated by the maritime author-
4. Port of destination. ities to prevent any navigational dangers and risks of pollu-
5. ETA at the port of destination, at the pilot station, or tion.
in the intended anchorage area, as requested by the compe- Assisting vessel information.—Any vessel called upon to
tent authority. assist or tow a damaged or defected vessel shall immediately
6. ETD. send a message, prefixed SURNAV-FRANCE, to the appropri-
7. Passage plan. ate CROSS center (for vessels in the North Sea, the English
8. Precise technical description of the dangerous or pol- Channel, or the Atlantic Ocean) or to CROSS La Garde (for
luting cargo; UN numbers, if applicable; the IMO risk cate- vessels in the Mediterranean Sea). The format and information
gory determined in accordance with the IMDG Code and required can be found in Appendix II—Atlantic Coast—As-
with the IBC and IGC sets of rules; and the vessel’s INF cat- sisting Vessel Information and Appendix II—Mediterra-
egory, if applicable. nean Coast—Assisting Vessel Information.
9. Confirmation of the existence on board of a suitable The assisting vessel shall also:
list, manifest, or lading plan, giving precise details of the 1. Inform the appropriate CROSS station of the develop-
dangerous or polluting cargo carried by the vessel and their ing situation.
locations. 2. Maintain a continuous listening watch, as follows:
10. Number of crew on board. a. DSC—2187.5 kHz and VHF channel 70.
Contact information for the appropriate CROSS station can b. VHF channel 16.
be found in Appendix I—SURNAV Reporting Stations and c. On any specified channel.
Contact Information. 3. Take all precautions stipulated by the maritime author-
During the entire transit or stay within French territorial or ities to prevent any navigational dangers and risks of pollu-
inshore waters, except when berthed at a quayside in a port, tion.
vessels indicated above shall maintain a continuous listening
watch on the following frequencies: Signals
1. DSC—2187.5 kHz and VHF channel 70.
2. VHF channel 16. Signal Stations
3. On any specified channel. Signal stations are situated on the principal points and head-
Accident and incident at sea information.—All vessels lands of the French coast. Independently of its military func-
300 gross tons and over on commercial passage within the lim- tion, each station is equipped to display storm signals, transmit
its of the French Economic Zone or the Mediterranean Sea En- urgent messages pertinent to the safety of shipping, and warn
vironmental Protection Zone (see graphic titled France— of marine disasters in its vicinity, and guide rescue craft.
Mediterranean Sea Environmental Protection Zone) shall Communication between vessel and signal station is made
immediately report the following information to the responsi- by light signal, flag signals of the International Code of Sig-
ble CROSS center (for vessels in the North Sea, the English nals, and, in some cases, by radiotelephone (2716 kHz).
Channel, or the Atlantic Ocean) or to CROSS La Garde (for Some lighthouses are normally equipped with radiotele-
vessels in the Mediterranean Sea): phone. In case of non-functioning of the latter equipment they
1. Any incident or accident affecting the safety of the may show the following signals:
vessel (e.g. collision, grounding, damage, failure or break- 1. A ball above, or below, a square flag indicates immedi-
down, intrusion or displacement of cargo, and all hull defects ate assistance is required.
or structural failures). 2. A black flag at the masthead indicates a shipwreck in
2. Any incident or accident affecting navigational safety the vicinity.
(e.g. failures likely to affect the vessel’s maneuverability or
defects affecting the propulsion system, steering system, Strong Wind Signals
electrical generating system, navigation equipment, or com- Light signals, which operate during daylight hours only, may
munications equipment). be exhibited from certain ports and indicate predicted strong
3. Any situation likely to cause pollution of the water or winds, as follows:
coast line (e.g. any discharge or the risk of discharge of pol- 1. Eight white flashes in 4 seconds followed by 4 seconds
lutants into the sea). of darkness—Winds of force 6 or greater predicted to occur
4. Any slicks of pollution and any containers or packages in the next 6 hours.
observed adrift in the sea. 2. Very quick white flashes—Winds of force 6 or greater
Pub. 140
France 255
already occurring or predicted to occur in the next 3 hours. all-round red lights, vertically disposed, at night, indicate the
port is closed.
Tidal Signals 2. The appropriate signal from the International Code of
The state of the tide is indicated by the following signals dis- Signals by day, or three all-round green lights, vertically dis-
played at the masthead: posed, at night, indicate that the port is open.
1. A blue pennant by day or two green lights, horizontally In small ports, these signals may be replaced by a simplified
disposed, at night signify the LW stand. system, as listed in the table titled Simplified Port Entry
2. A white flag with a black diagonal cross by day or two Control Signals.
white lights, horizontally disposed, at night signify the HW
stand. Simplified Port Entry Control Signals
3. An elongated black cone, point up, by day or a green
light over a white light at night signify the rising tide. Day signal Night signal Meaning
4. An elongated black cone, point down, by day or a One square red flag One red light Entry prohibited
white light over a green light at night signify the falling tide.
One square green
The height of the tide above chart datum is indicated by a One green light Exit prohibited
flag
summation of the calculated values of three columns of certain
day shapes (day signal) or lights (night signal), as listed in the One square red flag One red light
Entry and exit
table titled France—Tidal Signals. Examples of how to deter- over one square over one green
prohibited
mine tidal height using these signals are given in the table titled green flag light
France—Sample Tidal Signal Calculations.
Port Control Signals Maritime Police Vessels

International storm signals and traffic signals are used. The French warships and other vessels on maritime law enforce-
use of the following signals may indicate that obstructions ex- ment duties display the following signals:
ist in the fairways; however, vessels should proceed with cau- 1. By day.—A white and blue triangular flag, with the let-
tion and conform to any signals made by the port authorities: ter P in the white part.
1. Three red balls, vertically disposed, by day, or three 2. By night.—An all-around violet quick flashing light.
France—Tidal Signals
Location Day Signal Night Signal Meaning
Black cone, point down Green light Height of 0.2m
First Column
Black cylinder Red light Height of 0.1m
Second Column Black cylinder Red light Height of 1m
Third Column Black ball White light Height of 5m
France—Sample Tidal Signal Calculations

Examples Location Day Signal Night Signal Meaning
Two black cones, Two green lights,
First Column
vertically disposed vertically disposed
Tidal height of 3.4m (0.2m +
No. 1 Three black cylinders, Three red lights,
Second Column 0.2m + 1m + 1m + 1m = 3.4m)
Third Column — —
Four black cones over Four green lights
First Column one black cylinder, over one red light,
No. 2 0.2m + 0.2m + 0.2m + 0.1m +
Second Column — — 5m = 5.9m)
Third Column One black ball One white light
Three black cones, Three green lights,
First Column
No. 3
Second Column One black cylinder One red light 0.2m + 0.2m + 1m + 5m = 6.6m)
Third Column One black ball One white light
Pub. 140
256 France
Submarine Operating Areas These activities are announced in French Notice to Mariners
or by Avurnav (French coastal or local navigational warnings)
Although submerged submarines may be encountered at any through Marseille Radio, Grasse Radio, and Monaco Radio.
point on the French coast, vessels should be particularly atten- Military ships engaged in maneuvers that include subma-
tive in the vicinity of the ports of Cherbourg (12 miles N, 9 rines hoist the international code signal “NE2” to indicate that
miles NNE, and 16 miles NE of Cherbourg), Brest, and Lori- a submerged submarine is in their vicinity.
ent, and in the Bay of Biscay. Commercial ships should be ready to give a wide berth to a
Submarines operate frequently in the English Channel and in vessel displaying this signal. If for some reason it is inevitable
the SW approaches to the English Channel. to pass close by, they should exercise caution and be ready to
A submarine operating area off the entrance to Baie de maneuver to avoid a periscope or a snorkel observed within a
Douarnenez is bounded, as follows: 10 degree angle forward and to either side.
1. On the N by the latitude of Basse Vielle Lighted Buoy A submarine which is too deeply submerged to show its peri-
(48°08'13.8''N., 4°35'45.6''W.). scope may indicate its position by ejecting a smoke candle
2. On the E by longitude 4°23.0'W. which develops considerable smoke at the surface. Its position
3. On the S by the coast. can also be indicated by means of a towed floating object
4. On the W by longitude 4°40.0'W. painted red and white or red and yellow.
French naval vessels while exercising with submarines will Due to their specific configuration, submarines cannot con-
fly the appropriate international signal indicating that a subma- form strictly to the requirements of Rule 23 of the International
rine in the vicinity is submerged. All other vessels, therefore, Regulations for the Prevention of Collisions at Sea, as far as
should clear the area without stopping their screws, keeping a the number and placement of their lights. The navigation lights
careful lookout ahead for a periscope or a snorkel. are grouped on the house.
Zones prohibited to submerged submarines have been estab- The lights are neither high above the water nor widely
lished off the entrances of ports frequented by submarines. spaced. Consequently, they give no indication of the size of the
Vessels approaching or leaving these ports are recommended submarine and little information concerning its route or chang-
to navigate in these zones. The limits of the zones within this es of direction.
area (Chenal du Four, Brest, Lorient, Loire, and Gironde) are The submarines can be mistaken for ships of much smaller
described in Pub. 143, Sailing Directions (Enroute) West Coast size. The stern light sometimes can mark the rear of the subma-
of Europe and Northwest Coast of Africa. rine; in this case it is located at the water line, and therefore
Air and sea exercises are carries out with submarines in the may be partially obscured by spray or swell of the wake.
Irish Sea and the Bay of Biscay in an area bounded by the In order to facilitate their identification at night, French sub-
French coast and lines joining the following positions: marines on the surface are allowed to carry, in addition to the
a. Coast of France at latitude 48°40.0'N. lights prescribed by the International Regulations for Prevent-
b. 48°40.0'N, 5°55.0'W. ing Collisions at Sea, one quick flashing yellow light, mounted
c. 48°20.0'N, 7°00.0'W. above the light at the head of the mast, visible all around the
d. 48°20.0'N, 7°30.0'W. horizon from a distance of at least 5 miles.
e. 48°00.0'N, 7°48.0'W. The rate of flash for French submarines is 100 to 120 flashes
f. 48°00.0'N, 10°00.0'W. per minute; without advance notice the rate of flash can in-
g. 46°00.0'N, 10°00.0'W. crease to between 120 and 180 flashes per minute. Caution is
h. 46°00.0'N, 8°05.0'W. necessary not to confuse this signal with that of an air-cushion
i. 45°23.0'N, 8°18.0'W. vessel operating in a non-displacement mode.
j. 43°53.0'N, 4°00.0'W.
k. 43°48.0'N, 2°02.7'W. Time Zone
l. 43°43.6'N, 1°55.5'W.
m. 43°40.0'N, 1°52.0'W. The Time Zone description is ALFA (-1). Daylight Savings
n. 43°23.0'N, 1°47.0'W. (PA) (Spain/France border) Time (BRAVO (-2)) is maintained from the last Sunday in
Mariners may encounter submarines anywhere along the March until the last Sunday in October.
French coast of the Mediterranean, particularly between Mar-
seille and Nice. Particular care should be exercised around
Toulon. French submarines may also be encountered in the sea Traffic Separation Schemes
area S of the Gulf of Lyon and W of Corsica, sometimes in
company with naval vessels and aircraft. Traffic Separation Schemes (TSS) in France are, as follows:
Within these areas, mariners may encounter at any time of 1. Atlantic Coast
the day or night warships conducting exercises with other war- a. In the Strait of Dover and adjacent waters. (IMO ad-
ships, with submarines, and with aircraft, including torpedo opted)
and missile launching and artillery fire at floating targets or an- b. Off Casquets. (IMO adopted)
ti-aircraft fire. c. Off Ushant. (IMO adopted)
During certain exercises at night warships may navigate with 2. Mediterranean Sea
their lights out. Rockets may be launched, as well as smoke a. Approaches to Porto-Vecchio. (Government of
and flame producing floats; these light displays should not be France)
confused with distress or lifesaving signals. b. In the Corsica Channel. (IMO adopted)
Pub. 140
France 257
U.S. Embassy 1. Calais (50°58'N., 1°51'E.) 1

2. Cherbourg (49°40'N., 1°38'E.) 1
The U.S. Embassy is situated at 2 Avenue Gabriel, Paris. 3. Dunkerque (51°03'N., 2°16'E.) 1
The mailing addresses are, as follows: 4. La Seine (49°28'N., 0°00'E.) 1
1. France address— 5. Saint Helier, Channel Islands (49°10'N., 2°07'W.) 1
2 Avenue Gabriel 6. Brest (48°22'N., 4°29'W.) 2
75382 Paris CEDEX 08 7. La Gironde (45°10'N., 0°59'W.) 2
2. U. S. address— 8. La Loire (47°10'N., 2°05'W.) 2
PSC 116 9. Golfe de Fos (43°22'N., 5°07'E.) 3
APO AE (09777) 10. Marseille (43°19'N., 5°21'E.). 3
U. S. Embassy France Home Page 1

For further information, See Pub. 191, Sailing Directions
http://fr.usembassy.gov (Enroute) English Channel.
2
For further information, See Pub. 143, Sailing Directions
Vessel Traffic Service (Enroute) west Coast of Europe and Northwest Africa.
3 For further information, See Pub. 131, Sailing Directions
Vessel Traffic Services are in operation, as follows: (Enroute) Western Mediterranean.
Pub. 140
France 259
Appendix I—SURNAV Reporting Stations and Contact Information
CROSS
Traffic Contact Information
station
Call sign: Gris-Nez Traffic
VHF: VHF channels 13, 16, and 79
For vessels on passage in the French
Economic Zone E of a line joining Cap Telephone: 33-3-21872187
CROSS
d’Antifer and the Greenwich Lightfloat, Facsimile: 33-3-21877855
Gris-Nez
marking the entrance to the Dover Strait
TSS. Telex: 42-130680 (CROSSGN 130680F)
[email protected]
E-mail:
[email protected]
For vessels on passage in the French Call sign: Jobourg Traffic
Economic Zone W of a line joining Cap VHF: VHF channels 13, 16, and 80
d’Antifer and the Greenwich Lightfloat,
marking the entrance to the Dover Strait Telephone 33-2-33521616
CROSS Jo- TSS, and E of a line joining the follow- Facsimile 33-2-33527823
bourg ing positions:
a. 49°31.0'N, 4°00.0'W.
b. 48°53.0'N, 2°20.0'W. [email protected]
E-mail:
c. 48°49.0'N, 1°49.0'W. [email protected]
d. 48°37.7'N, 1°34.0'W.
For vessels on passage in the French Call sign: Ouessant Traffic
Economic Zone W of a line joining the
VHF: VHF channels 13, 16, and 79
CROSS a. 49°31.0'N, 4°00.0'W. Telephone: 33-2-98893131
Corsen b. 48°53.0'N, 2°20.0'W. Facsimile: 33-2-98896575
c. 48°49.0'N, 1°49.0'W.
d. 48°37.7'N, 1°34.0'W. E-mail: [email protected]
and N of latitude 47°47' 33''N.
Call sign: Crossa Etel
VHF: VHF channel 16
For vessels on passage in the French Telephone: 33-2-97553535
CROSS Etel Economic Zone S of latitude Facsimile: 33-2-97554934
47°47'33''N.
Telex: 42-950519 (CROSS B 950519F)
[email protected]
E-mail:
[email protected]
Call sign: CROSS MED
VHF: VHF channels 16 and 70
Telephone: 33-4-94611616
CROSS La For vessels going to French Mediterra-
Garde nean ports. Facsimile: 33-4-94271149
Telex: 42-430024 (CROMD B 430024F)
[email protected]
E-mail:
[email protected]
Pub. 140
France 261
Appendix II—SURNAV Report Formats
Atlantic Coast Mediterranean Coast

Movement Information Movement Information
TO: Appropriate CROSS station (see Appendix I) TO: CROSS La Garde
PREFIX: SURNAV-FRANCE PREFIX: SURNAV-FRANCE
Vessel’s name, call sign, flag, and
ALFA Vessel’s name, call sign, and flag ALFA
MMSI number
BRAVO Date and time (UTC), suffixed Z BRAVO Date and time (UTC), suffixed Z
CHARLIE Position (latitude and longitude) CHARLIE Position (latitude and longitude)
ECHO Course ECHO Course
FOXTROT Speed FOXTROT Speed
GOLF Last port of call GOLF Last port of call
Date and time (UTC) and position of Date and time (UTC) and position of
entry into French territorial waters or entry into French territorial waters or
HOTEL HOTEL
date and time (UTC) and position on date and time (UTC) and position on
departure departure
INDIA Destination INDIA Destination and ETA
Date and time (UTC) and position of Date and time (UTC) and position of
leaving French territorial waters or leaving French territorial waters or
KILO date and time (UTC) of arrival at the KILO date and time (UTC) of arrival at the
port, anchorage, or waiting area of the port, anchorage, or waiting area of the
destination in French waters destination in French waters
MIKE RT watch maintained LIMA Intentions
OSCAR Draft MIKE RT watch maintained
Cargo—type (as defined by MARPOL
PAPA OSCAR Draft
73/78) and quantity
Defects, damages, failures, or restric- Cargo—type (as defined by MARPOL
QUEBEC PAPA
tions 73/78) and quantity
Defects, damages, failures, or restric-
UNIFORM Type of vessel QUEBEC
tions
X-RAY Any other information SIERRA Weather in the area
ZULU End of message TANGO Vessel’s representative
UNIFORM Type of vessel
WHISKEY Number of persons on board
X-RAY Any other information
ZULU End of message
Pub. 140
262 France

Accident and Incident at Sea Information Accident and Incident at Sea Information
Vessel’s name, call sign, flag, and
ALFA Vessel’s name, call sign, and flag ALFA
MMSI number
BRAVO Date and time (UTC) suffixed Z BRAVO Date and time (UTC) suffixed Z
CHARLIE Position (latitude and longitude) CHARLIE Position (latitude and longitude)
ECHO Course ECHO Course
FOXTROT Speed FOXTROT Speed
GOLF Last port of call GOLF Last port of call
MIKE RT watch maintained MIKE RT watch maintained
OSCAR Draft OSCAR Draft
Cargo and details enabling informa- Cargo and details enabling informa-
PAPA * tion to be obtained about dangerous PAPA * tion to be obtained about dangerous
cargo or pollutants on board cargo or pollutants on board
Nature of the incident or situation en- Nature of the incident or situation en-
QUEBEC * QUEBEC *
countered countered
Description of any pollution or dan- Description of any pollution or dan-
ROMEO * ROMEO *
gerous cargo lost overboard gerous cargo lost overboard
Name and address of owner, charterer,
TANGO SIERRA Weather in the area
and any other French consignee
UNIFORM Type of vessel TANGO and any other French consignee of the
assisting vessel
WHISKEY Number of persons on board UNIFORM Type of vessel
Date and time (UTC) of call for assis-
tance or towage; name of assisting
X-RAY * WHISKEY Number of persons on board
vessel, if present or, if not, its ETA
(UTC); any other information
Date and time (UTC) of call for assis-
Request for transmission of the report
tance or towage; name of assisting
YANKEE to another reporting system (AMVER, X-RAY *
vessel, if present or, if not, its ETA
JASREP, MAREP, etc.)
(UTC); any other information
ZULU End of message YANKEE to another reporting system (AMVER,
* Vessels should consult IMO Resolution A.851(20) to
ZULU End of message
ensure that the required information is given correctly.
* Vessels should consult IMO Resolution A.851(20) to
ensure that the required information is given correctly.
Pub. 140
France 263

Assisting Vessel Information Assisting Vessel Information
PREFIX: SURNAV-AVARIES PREFIX: SURNAV BREAKDOWNS
Assisting vessel’s name, call sign, and Assisting vessel’s name, call sign,
ALFA ALFA
flag flag, and MMSI number
BRAVO Date and time (UTC) suffixed Z BRAVO Date and time (UTC) suffixed Z
Position of assisting vessel (latitude Position of assisting vessel (latitude
CHARLIE CHARLIE
and longitude) and longitude)
ECHO Course of assisting vessel ECHO Course of assisting vessel
FOXTROT Speed of assisting vessel FOXTROT Speed of assisting vessel
PAPA Cargo of the casualty, if known MIKE RT watch maintained
QUEBEC Damage to casualty, if known OSCAR Draft
TANGO and any French consignee of the as- PAPA Cargo of the casualty, if known
sisting vessel
UNIFORM Type of assisting vessel QUEBEC Damage to casualty, if known
Date and time (UTC) and position of
casualty; name, nationality, and call
X-RAY TANGO and any French consignee of the as-
sign of casualty; course and speed of
sisting vessel
the casualty; any other information
UNIFORM Type of assisting vessel
Date and time (UTC) and position of
casualty; name, nationality, and call
X-RAY
sign of casualty; course and speed of
the casualty; any other information
YANKEE to another reporting system (AMVER,
ZULU End of message
Pub. 140
265
GAMBIA

Buoyage System 265
Cautions 265 The official unit of currency is the dalasi, consisting of 100
Currency 265 butut.
Government 265
Holidays 265 Government
Industries 266
Languages 266
Time Zone 266
U.S. Embassy 266
General
The Gambia is the smallest sovereign state in Africa, less
than half the size of Massachusetts. It consists of a narrow strip
of land extending for over 200 miles from the coast on both
sides of the Gambia River. It lies in a narrow river basin. From Flag of the Gambia
the valley floor in the center, the relief slopes upward, both
northward and southward, to a plateau. The Gambia is a republic under multi-party democratic rule.
The climate of Gambia is pleasant along the coast during the The country consists of five regions, one municipality, and one
dry season (December to May) but is very hot in the interior. city.
The monthly temperature range is 23° to 27°C on the Atlantic The Gambia is governed by a directly-elected President serv-
Ocean, with greater extremes upriver. ing a 5-year term. The unicameral National Assembly consists
of 53 members serving 5-year terms; 48 members are directly
elected and five members are appointed.
Buoyage System The legal system is based on a mixture of English common
law, Islamic law, and customary law.
The IALA Buoyage System (Region A) is in effect. See The capital is Banjul.
Aids to navigation in the Gambia are unreliable. Lights may Holidays
be extinguished; buoys and beacons may be missing, unlit, or
out of position. The following holidays are observed:
Cautions January 1 New Year’s Day

February 18 Independence Day
Fishing vessels may be encountered off the entire coast of
the Gambia. Good Friday Variable
Pub. 140
266 Gambia
Holy Saturday Variable Contiguous Zone 18 miles.

Easter Sunday Variable Fisheries or Economic 200 miles.
Zone
May 1 Labor Day
tal Margin
Islamic holidays, which are subject to the appearance of the The Ministry of Defense coordinates search and rescue oper-
moon, include Eid Al-Fitr (End of Ramadan), Eid Al-Adha ations from Maritime Rescue Coordination Subcenter (MRSC)
(End of Pilgrimage), and the Prophet's Birthday. Banjul, which can be contacted, as follows:
1. Telephone: 220-4472737
220-8905041
Industries 2. Facsimile: 220-4472190
The main industries are agriculture, food processing (pea- 220-4472896
nuts and fish), hides, tourism, beverages, agricultural machin- 3. E-mail: [email protected]
ery assembly, woodworking, metalworking, and clothing. [email protected]
The main exports are peanut products, fish, cotton lint, and Banjul Coast Radio Station (C5G) maintains a continuous
palm kernels. The main export-trading partners are China, In- listening watch for distress traffic on VHF channel 16.
dia, and France.
The main imports are foodstuffs, manufactured goods, fuel, Ship Reporting System
machinery, and transport equipment. The main import-trading
partners are China, Brazil, Senegal, and India. Gulf of Guinea Voluntary Reporting System.—For further
information, see North Atlantic Ocean—Ship Reporting
System.
Languages
English is the official language. Mandinka, Wolof, Fula, and Time Zone
other indigenous languages are also spoken.
The Time Zone description is ZULU. Daylight Savings Time
Navigational Information is not observed.
Enroute Volume U.S. Embassy

Pub. 143, Sailing Directions (Enroute) West Coast of Europe
and Northwest Africa. The U.S. Embassy is situated at Kairaba Avenue, Fajaira,
Banjul.
Maritime Claims The mailing address is P. M. B. No. 19, Banjul.
The maritime territorial claims of the Gambia are, as fol-
lows: U. S. Embassy The Gambia Home Page
http://banjul.usembassy.gov
Pub. 140
267
GEORGIA
General 267 gational publications. Mariners should use extreme caution

Buoyage System 267 when attempting to identify navigational aids.
Cautions 267
Currency 267 Cautions
Government 267
Holidays 268 General
Industries 268 The ports of Sokhumi (43°00'N., 41°01'E.) and Ochamchi-
Languages 268 ra (42°44'N., 41°26'E.) and all waters within 12 miles of the
Mined Areas 268 coast between the Russian/Georgian border (43°23.0'N.,
Navigational Information 268 40°00.6'E.) and Mys Anaklia (42°24.3'N., 41°33.2'E.) are
Pilotage 269 closed to navigation to all vessels except those carrying hu-
Pollution 269 manitarian aid. Such vessels should anchor off Poti (42°09'N.,
Regulations 269 41°39'E.) to obtain clearance prior to entry.
Restricted Areas 269
Search and Rescue 271 Tyagun
Ship Reporting System 271 The Tyagun, an unpleasant and sometimes dangerous wave
Time Zone 271 condition which may occur inside a harbor, is reported to affect
Traffic Separation Schemes 271 ports on the Caucasian coast between Tuapse and Batumi. For
U.S. Embassy 272 further information, see Black Sea—Cautions—Dangerous
Appendix—Georgia Ship Reporting System 273 Waves.
General Local Magnetic Anomalies

In the offshore area beginning at Batumi and extending 20
Georgia is located in southwestern Asia on the Black Sea, miles N, the magnetic variation can be affected by local condi-
between Russia on the N and Turkey on the S. tions and varies from 1°W to 19°E.
The coastal climate is a Mediterranean-like warm and pleas-
ant climate. Currency
The terrain is mostly mountainous, with the Great Caucasus
Mountains in the N and the Lesser Caucasus Mountains in the The official unit of currency is the lari, consisting of 100 te-
S. tri.
Buoyage System Government

The IALA Buoyage System (Region A) is in effect. See Georgia is a republic. The country is divided into nine re-
Chart No. 1 for further IALA Buoyage System information. gions, one city, and two autonomous republics.
It has been reported (2003) that navigational aids in Georgia Georgia is governed by a directly-elected President serving a
may be unreliable and that navigational aids in Georgian wa- 5-year term. The unicameral Parliament is composed of 150 di-
ters may be different from those charted and described in navi- rectly-elected members serving 4-year terms.
Pub. 140
268 Georgia
The legal system is based on civil law. Languages
The capital is Tbilisi.
Georgian is the official language.
Mined Areas
Former Mined Areas
Southeast of Mys Pitsunda

Area No. 1 (former Area No. 32)—Area bounded by lines
a. 43°04'24.0''N, 40°27'00.0''E.
b. 43°01'15.0''N, 40°33'15.0''E.
Flag of Georgia c. 42°58'54.0''N, 40°30'12.0''E.
d. 43°03'30.0''N, 40°23'24.0''E.
Holidays
West of Mys Anaklia
The following holidays are observed: Area No. 2 (former Area No. 34)—Area bounded by lines
January 1-2 New Year’s Holidays a. 42°27'25.2''N, 41°23'27.0''E.
January 7 Orthodox Christmas b. 42°27'25.2''N, 41°25'39.6''E.
c. 42°25'56.4''N, 41°28'45.0''E.
January 19 Orthodox Epiphany d. 42°21'33.0''N, 41°29'39.0''E.
March 3 Mothers’ Day e. 42°21'31.8''N, 41°23'10.2''E.
March 8 International Women’s
Day Approaches to Poti from the north
April 9 Memorial Day joining the following positions:
Good Friday Variable a. 42°08'56.4''N, 41°38'58.8''E.
b. 42°08'56.4''N, 41°36'00.0''E.
c. 42°10'54.0''N, 41°35'30.0''E.
Easter Monday Variable d. 42°14'15.0''N, 41°35'48.0''E.
May 9 Victory Day e. 42°14'13.8''N, 41°38'51.0''E.
May 12 St. Andrew the Apostle Approaches to Batumi (NW of Mys Zelenyy)
Day Area No. 4 (former Area No. 36)—Area bounded by lines
May 26 Independence Day joining the following positions:
a. 41°44'25.8''N, 41°40'00.0''E.
August 28 Assumption Day b. 41°44'25.8''N, 41°41'30.0''E.
(Mariamoba) c. 41°41'45.0''N, 41°39'54.0''E.
October 14 Svetitskhovlobo d. 41°41'19.2''N, 41°38'36.0''E.
e. 41°42'02.4''N, 41°38'00.0''E.
November 23 St. George’s Day
(Giorgoba) Approaches to Batumi
Industries joining the following positions:
a. 41°43'33.0''N, 41°30'34.8''E.
The main industries are agriculture, steel, machine tools, b. 41°42'30.0''N, 41°34'48.0''E.
electrical appliances, mining (manganese, gold, and copper), c. 41°40'13.2''N, 41°36'12.0''E.
chemicals, wood products, and wine. d. 41°37'32.4''N, 41°31'51.6''E.
The main exports are vehicles, ferro-alloys, fertilizers, nuts, e. 41°40'33.0''N, 41°28'22.8''E.
scrap metal, gold, and copper. The main export-trading part-
ners are Azerbaijan, Bulgaria, Turkey, Armenia, Russia, and
China. Navigational Information
The main imports are fuels, vehicles, machinery and parts,
grain and other foods, and pharmaceuticals. The main import- Enroute Volume
trading partners are Turkey, Russia, China, Azerbaijan, Ireland, BA NP 24, Black Sea and Sea of Azov Pilot (British Admi-
Ukraine, and Germany. ralty publication).
Pub. 140
Georgia 269
Maritime Claims ers, and bilge water from any vessel is prohibited within 12
The maritime territorial claims of Georgia are, as follows: miles of the coast.
Dumping any oily water or clean ballast is prohibited within
50 miles of the coast, except when within the requirements of
MARPOL 73/78.
Fisheries or Economic 200 miles or to median
Zone lines or boundaries. Pollution Reports
All vessels in the Georgia Search and Rescue Region are re-
Continental Shelf To median lines or bound- quested to report oil pollution and accidents which could lead
aries. to pollution. The report, which is free of charge, should be sent
through MRCC Georgia. The message should begin with the
Maritime Boundary Disputes word GEOPOLREP and should contain the following informa-
The maritime boundary with Russia is unresolved. tion:
1. Date and type of pollution.
2. Position.
Pilotage 3. Wind direction and speed at sea surface.
4. Sea state.
Pilotage is compulsory for entry to and departure from all 5. Origin of pollution (collision, grounding, etc.).
Georgian ports, as well as for mooring and casting off, regard- 6. Name, tonnage, and nationality of vessel causing pol-
less of vessel type or size. lution.
Pilots should be ordered, via the ship’s agent, 24 hours in ad- 7. Names of vessels in the vicinity.
vance and confirmed 2 hours prior to arrival, except as stated 8. Information on type of oil.
otherwise by local port authorities. 9. Dimensions of the oil slick (width, length), estimated
amount of oil spilled, and any possible information on thick-
Batumi (41°39'N., 41°39'E.) ness of oil layer.
Pilotage is available 24 hours. The pilot boards in position 10. Measures already taken by the vessel to stop further
41°40'04.8''N, 41°38'08.4''E. escape of oil or to control floating oil.
The pilot can be contacted (call sign: Batumi Pilot) on VHF 11. Details of observer.
channels 12 and 16. MRCC Georgia can be contacted, as follows:
1. Telephone: 995-422-273913 (24 hours)
Kulevi (42°16'N., 41°39'E.) 2. Facsimile: 995-422-273905 (24 hours)
Pilotage is compulsory for all vessels entering and leaving 3. E-mail: [email protected]:
the harbor. Pilotage is available during daylight hours only,
subject to weather conditions. MARPOL Special Area
The pilot boards, as follows: The Black Sea has been designated as a MARPOL Special
1. Vessels less than 50,000 dwt—In position Area. MARPOL Special Areas are sea areas where special
42°17'30.0''N, 41°35'00.0''E. mandatory methods for the prevention of oil pollution in the
2. Vessels greater than 50,000 dwt—In position sea have been adopted.
42°17'44.4''N, 41°33'57.0''E. Further information can be found in North Atlantic
The pilot can be contacted (call sign: VTS Kulevi) on VHF Ocean—Pollution—MARPOL Special Areas.
channels 16 and 74.
Poti (42°10'N., 41°39'E.) Regulations

Pilotage is compulsory. Pilotage is available 24 hours and
should be requested 48 hours in advance. The pilot boards in Advanced Notice
position 42°10'09.6''N, 41°37'58.2''E. The vessel’s ETA should be sent, via the agent, 7 days, 72
hours, 48 hours, and 24 hours prior to arrival, as well as 2 hours
Sokhumi (43°00'N., 41°01'E.) prior to arriving at the roads.
Pilotage is compulsory and is available 24 hours. The pilot
boards in the roadstead along the range line in position Quarantine
42°58'30''N, 41°01'42''E. Messages must be sent to the Sanitary Officer of the Port of
Batumi, through the vessel’s agent, 24 hours prior to arrival.
SUPSA Terminal (42°01'N., 41°43'E.) The name of the vessel should be given in plain language; the
Pilotage is compulsory for berthing and is available during remainder may be given in groups according to the Internation-
daylight hours only. The pilot boards 3 miles W of the SPM. al Code of Signals.
Pollution Restricted Areas

General Georgian Regulated Areas, where navigation, fishing, and
Dumping oily mixtures, ship waste, clean ballast from tank- anchoring are prohibited, are listed below.
Pub. 140
270 Georgia
Prohibited Areas (Navigating, Stopping, Fishing, and An- Dangerous Maritime Areas (Spoil Grounds)
choring are Prohibited)
West of Batumi
South of the Georgia/Russia border Area No. 43 (former Area 10)—Area bounded by the
Area No. 21 (former Area Psou)—Area bounded by lines shoreline and lines joining the following positions:
joining the following positions: a. 41°39'42.0''N, 41°39'16.0''E.
a. 43°23'00.0''N, 40°00'30.0''E. b. 41°39'54.0''N, 41°39'16.0''E.
b. 43°14'22.8''N, 39°48'46.2''E. c. 41°39'54.0''N, 41°39'36.5''E.
c. 43°14'04.8''N, 39°50'19.8''E. d. 41°39'42.0''N, 41°39'36.5''E.
d. 43°22'57.0''N, 40°02'03.6''E.
Southwest of Poti
West of Poti Area No. 42 (former Area 20)—Area bounded by lines
Area No. 22 (former Area Poti)—Area bounded by lines joining the following positions:
a. 42°09'10.2''N, 41°38'19.2''E. b. 42°09'00.0''N, 41°38'19.8''E.
b. 42°09'16.2''N, 41°38'19.2''E. c. 42°09'00.0''N, 41°38'32.4''E.
c. 42°09'16.2''N, 41°38'27.0''E. d. 42°08'25.2''N, 41°38'32.4'E.
d. 42°09'10.2''N, 41°38'27.0'E.
Approaches to Ochamchira
Southwest of Batumi Area No. 41 (former Area 30)—Area bounded by lines join-
Area Sarpi—Area bounded by the shoreline and lines joining the following positions:
ing the following positions: a. 42°44'12.0''N, 41°26'00.0''E.
a. 41°32'19''N, 41°33'08''E. (shore) b. 42°44'55.2''N, 41°26'12.0''E.
b. 41°34'15''N, 41°25'48''E. c. 42°44'19.8''N, 41°26'18.6''E.
c. 41°33'18''N, 41°25'20''E. d. 42°44'03.0''N, 41°26'31.2''E.
d. 41°31'16''N, 41°32'50''E. (shore)
Dangerous Maritime Areas (Explosives Dumping Areas)
Areas Temporarily Prohibited for Navigation
West and Northwest of Poti
West of Grigoleti Area No. 11 (former Area 30)—Area bounded by lines
Area No. 32 (former Area Supsa)—Area bounded by lines joining the following positions:
a. 42°03'12.0''N, 41°43'48.0''E. b. 42°15'00.0''N, 41°20'00.0''E.
b. 42°03'12.0''N, 41°40'00.0''E. c. 42°11'00.0''N, 41°20'00.0''E.
c. 42°00'30.0''N, 41°40'12.0''E. d. 42°11'00.0''N, 41°13'24.0''E.
d. 42°00'30.0''N, 41°45'36.0''E.
Area No. 12 (former Area 40)—Area bounded by lines
North part of the territorial sea of Georgia joining the following positions:
Area No. 34—Area bounded by lines joining the following a. 42°10'54.0''N, 41°25'48.0''E.
positions: b. 42°13'48.0''N, 41°25'48.0''E.
a. 43°23'04.8''N, 40°00'21.6''E. c. 42°13'48.0''N, 41°29'54.0''E.
b. 43°14'25.2''N, 39°48'32.4''E. d. 42°10'54.0''N, 41°29'54.0''E.
c. 43°12'01.2''N, 40°00'14.4''E.
d. 43°05'25.2''N, 40°04'14.4''E. Northnorthwest of Batumi
e. 43°02'00.0''N, 40°09'00.0''E. Area No. 13—Area bounded by lines joining the following
f. 42°59'03.6''N, 40°14'28.8''E. positions:
g. 42°58'03.6''N, 40°23'22.4''E. a. 41°52'00.0''N, 41°29'30.0''E.
h. 42°55'18.0''N, 40°28'28.8''E. b. 41°52'00.0''N, 41°34'00.0''E.
i. 42°54'21.6''N, 40°35'07.2''E. c. 41°48'00.0''N, 41°34'00.0''E.
j. 42°54'00.0''N, 40°43'28.8''E. d. 41°48'00.0''N, 42°29'30.0''E.
k. 42°52'14.4''N, 40°46'00.0''E.
l. 42°49'00.0''N, 40°51'18.0''E. Military Restricted Areas
m. 42°43'14.4''N, 40°55'00.0''E.
n. 42°39'14.4''N, 40°59'20.4''E. Westsouthwest of Mys Anaklia
o. 42°37'14.4''N, 41°05'14.4''E. Area No. GG001—Area bounded by lines joining the fol-
p. 42°36'14.4''N, 41°13'00.0''E. lowing positions:
q. 42°35'14.4''N, 41°15'10.8''E. a. 42°11'00.0''N, 41°05'00.0''E.
r. 42°31'03.6''N, 41°17'00.0''E. b. 42°50'00.0''N, 39°48'00.0''E.
s. 42°23'04.2''N, 41°18'13.8''E. c. 42°24'00.0''N, 39°45'00.0''E.
t. 42°24'18.0''N, 41°33'13.8''E. d. 41°46'00.0''N, 41°08'00.0''E.
Pub. 140
Georgia 271
West of Mys Anaklia GEOREP area. For further information, see the Appendix.
Area No. GG002—Area bounded by lines joining the fol-
lowing positions: Time Zone
a. 42°33'00.0''N, 41°02'00.0''E.
b. 42°11'00.0''N, 41°05'00.0''E. The Time Zone description is DELTA (-4). Daylight Savings
c. 42°26'00.0''N, 39°28'00.0''E. Time is not observed.
d. 42°44'00.0''N, 39°29'00.0''E.
South of Mys Anaklia
Area No. GG003 (Area ANAKLIA)—Area bounded by the Traffic Separation Schemes are located, as follows:
shore and lines joining the following positions: 1. Approaches to Poti (42°12'N., 41°32'E.) (Government
a. 42°20'00.0''N, 41°36'45.0''E. (shore) of Georgia).
b. 42°19'20.4''N, 41°26'52.8''E. 2. Approaches to Supsa Terminal (42°02'N., 41°33'E.)
c. 42°21'48.0''N, 41°25'36.0''E. (Government of Georgia).
d. 42°22'24.0''N, 41°35'12.0''E. 3. Approaches to Batumi (41°42'N., 41°36'E.) (Govern-
ment of Georgia).
Northwest of Mys Anaklia In addition to the Traffic Separation Schemes, new two-way
Area No. GG004—Area bounded by lines joining the fol- recommended routes have been established between the Traffic
lowing positions: Separation Schemes and in the approaches to them, as follows:
a. 42°23'01.8''N, 41°14'42.6''E. 1. From the Psou River to Poti (7.6 miles long).
b. 42°13'01.8''N, 41°06'42.6''E. 2. From Poti through the Euro-Asian Transport Corridor
c. 42°52'43.8''N, 39°48'12.6''E. (6.6 miles long).
d. 42°12'01.8''N, 39°50'42.6''E. 3. Humanitarian Corridor from Poti to Sukhuni. (46.2
miles long).
Search and Rescue 4. From Kulevi (under construction) to Poti (4.2 miles
long).
The State Coordination Rescue Center (SMRCC Georgia) of 5. From Poti to Batumi (24.3 miles long).
the Georgian Maritime Transport Administration, found at 6. From Poti to Supsa Terminal (4.0 miles long).
(http://www.mta.gov.ge/eng/Search-&-Rescue), located at Ba- 7. From the W side of the Black Sea to Supsa Terminal
tumi, is responsible for the coordination of all maritime dis- (7.5 miles long).
tress and safety incidents within the Maritime Search and 8. From Supsa Terminal to Batumi (14.2 miles long).
Rescue Region of Georgia. 9. From the W side of the Black Sea to Batumi (8.3
The harbormaster’s offices in the ports of Batumi, Poti, and miles long).
Kulevi are designated as Rescue Subcenters (RSC) for the ar- 10. From Batumi to Sarpi (8.1 miles long).
eas up to 12 miles from the respective ports. Further information on the Traffic Separation Schemes and
Contact information for Georgian search and rescue authori- the two-way routes can be found at the following web site:
ties is listed in the tabled titled Georgia—Search and Rescue
Contact Information.
Georgian Maritime Transport Administration
http://www.maradgeorgia.org
Click on the following links (in order):
Georgian Ship Reporting System (GEOREP) 1. Law of Georgia
The Georgian Ship Reporting System (GEOREP) is operated 2. Navigation Regime
by MRCC Georgia. Participation is compulsory; vessels of any 3. Navigation Regime (EN)
nationality, tonnage, or type should participate when within the
Georgia—Search and Rescue Contact Information

Georgian Maritime 995-422-274925 [email protected]
995-422-273929
Transport Administration 995-422-273913 [email protected]
995-422-274925 995-422-273925 [email protected]
MRCC Georgia
995-422-273913 * 995-422-273905 * [email protected]
[email protected]
RSC Batumi 995-422-276792 * 995-422-276792 *
[email protected]
* Operates 24 hours.
Pub. 140
272 Georgia
Georgia—Search and Rescue Contact Information

[email protected]
RSC Poti 995-493-222818 * 995-493-222818 *
[email protected]
[email protected]
RSC Kulevi 995-322-243828 * 995-322-243828 *
[email protected]
* Operates 24 hours.
U.S. Embassy 2. U. S. address—

7060 Tbilisi Place
The U. S. Embassy is situated at 11 George Balanchine Washington, DC (20521-7060)
Street, Tbilisi.
1. Georgia address— U. S. Embassy Georgia Home Page
11 George Balanchine Street http://ge.usembassy.gov
Tbilisi 0131
Pub. 140
Georgia 273
Appendix—Georgia Ship Reporting System

The Georgia Ship Reporting System (GEOREP) is operated contains information about the vessel’s position within the
by MRCC Georgia. Participation is compulsory; vessels of any GEOREP area and the course and speed of the vessel. This
nationality, tonnage, or type should participate when within the information is used to update the plot.
GEOREP area. 3. Deviation Report (DR).—Should be sent when the
GEOREP identifies and monitors the positions of vessels vessel’s position varies more than 1 hour’s sailing from the
participating in the system. Vessels participating in GEOREP position that would be predicted from the SP or last PR
provide regular reports which are used to maintain a chart plot (changing route, speed, etc.).
of the vessels’ positions. GEOREP aids in search and rescue 4. Final Report (FR).—Used to terminate participation
operations by: in GEOREP. The FR should be sent upon arrival at a destina-
1. Reducing the time between the loss of the vessel and tion in the GEOREP area or when leaving the area covered
initiation of search and rescue action in cases where no dis- by GEOREP. The GEOREP plot of a vessel ceases when the
tress signals are sent out. FR is sent.
2. Limiting the search area for rescue operations. 5. Dangerous Goods Report (DG).—Required when an
3. Providing up-to-date information on shipping resourc- incident takes place involving the loss or likely loss over-
es available in the vicinity of a casualty. board of packaged dangerous cargo, including those in
The GEOREP area is bounded by the shoreline and lines freight containers, portable tanks, road and rail vehicles, and
joining the following positions: shipborne barges, into the sea.
a. 43°23'00.0''N, 40°00'30.0''E. 6. Harmful Substances Report (FR).—Required when
b. 42°24'00.0''N, 38°41'00.0''E. an incident takes place involving the discharge or the proba-
c. 42°20'09.0''N, 39°00'07.8''E. ble discharge of oil (Annex I of MARPOL 73/78) or noxious
d. 42°08'00.0''N, 39°50'30.0''E. liquid substances in bulk (Annex II of MARPOL 73/78).
e. 42°02'00.0''N, 40°26'00.0''E. 7. Marine Pollutants Report (MP).—Required in the
f. 41°57'00.0''N, 40°42'00.0''E. case of loss overboard of harmful substances in package
g. 41°35'30.0''N, 41°16'30.0''E. form, including those in freight containers, portable tanks,
h. 41°31'00.0''N, 41°33'00.0''E. road and rail vehicles, and shipborne barges, identified in the
All GEOREP messages should be forwarded to MRCC International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code as marine
Georgia via e-mail. Other contact information is, as follows: pollutants (Annex III of MARPOL 73/78).
The format for all GEOREP messages is given in the accom-
Telephone: 995-422-273913 panying table titled GEOREP Message Formats. It should be
noted that the information required to be sent in the MP is not
Facsimile: 995-422-273905 available at this time (2016).
MMSI: 002130100 If a vessel does not report at the indicated time, action will
be taken to check the safety of the vessel. To avoid unnecessary
E-mail: [email protected] search actions being taken, it is important that vessels report at
[email protected] the nominated reporting time each day and send their FR when
leaving the GEOREP area. If the vessel is unable to pass a PR
due to faulty radio equipment, all attempts should be made to
There are seven types of reports in GEOREP, as follows:
pass the PR through other vessels, using VHF, or as soon as it
1. Sailing Plan (SP).—Should be sent within 6 hours pri-
arrives at a port.
or to a vessel entering the GEOREP area from Istanbul Bo-
Questions regarding GEOREP can be sent to the LEPL Mar-
gazi (The Bosporus) or from ports on the NW coast of the
Black Sea. If the vessel is coming from ports in Turkey or itime Transport Administration, as follows:
Russia, the SP should be sent immediately after the vessel’s
departure from the port. If the vessel is leaving from a port Telephone: 995-422-274925
within the GEOREP area, the SP should be sent prior to the Facsimile: 995-422-273929
vessel’s departure from the port.The SP contains information
necessary to initiate a plot and give the outline of the intend- [email protected]
ed passage. E-mail: [email protected]
2. Position Report (PR).—Should be sent within 3 hours
[email protected]
prior to the vessel entering the Georgian SAR zone. The PR
GEOREP Message Formats

Iden-
Content SP PR DR FR DGR HS
tifier
Name, call sign, MMSI number, and flag—(for flag, use as defined
A in Lloyd’s publications). The symbol “/” should be used the X X X X X X
separate the vessel’s name and call sign.
Pub. 140
274 Georgia
GEOREP Message Formats

Iden-
Content SP PR DR FR DGR HS
tifier
Time (UTC)—(date and time of report 6 digits—day of month-2
B digits; hour and minutes-4 digits). If other than UTC is used, state X X X X X X
time zone used.
Latitude and longitude—(latitude is 5-digit group in degrees and
C minutes with N; longitude is 6-digit group in degrees and minutes X X X X
with E). X1 X1
True bearing (3-digit group) and distance (state distance) in
D
nautical miles from a clearly identified landmark (state landmark).
E Course—(true heading is a 3-digit group). X X X X
F Speed—(knots and tenths of knots (e.g. 155=15.5 knots). X X X X
G Port of departure—(name of last port of call). X
Date, time, and position of entry into the GEOREP area—(date
H X
and time as expressed in B; position as expressed in C).
I Destination and ETA—(port and ETA as expressed in B). X
Date, time, and position of departure from GEOREP area—(date
K X
and time as expressed in B; position as expressed in C).
Route information in latitude/longitude should be given for each
L Way Point (WP) in the GEOREP area as expressed in C. The Way X X X
Points should be designated WP1, WP2, etc.
Radio communications—(type of communications equipment on
M board and name(s) or call sign(s) of coast radio stations and X X X
frequencies guarded).
N Time, as expressed in B, the next DR or PR will be sent. X X X X
O Draft, in meters and centimeters. (e.g. 80=8m 0cm) X
Cargo—(a brief description of cargo carried on board {e.g. Bulk
P Coal, General, chemicals, etc.}). Include the IMDG number for X
dangerous cargo.
Defects, damages, deficiencies, and other limitations—(brief
Q X X
details).
Brief details of type of pollution (oil, chemicals, etc.) or dangerous
R X X
cargo lost overboard (position expressed as in C or D).
S Brief details of weather and sea conditions prevailing. X X
T Vessel’s owner and agent—(names and particulars). X X
Vessel size and type—(vessel’s length, beam, gross tonnage, and
U X X X
type).
Medical personnel on board—(doctor, physician’s assistant, nurse,
V X
or NIL).
W Persons—(State number of persons on board). X
X Remarks—(Any other useful information). X X X
Z End of report. X X X X X X
A full stop “.” should be used after each code (e.g. A.) and a space between each code. All reports should include the system
identifier “GEOREP” and the code for the appropriate report (e.g. GEOREP SP). Vessels should only include those
components listed above. Others may be included at the master’s discretion if relevant to the type of report.
X1 Either C or D may be used.
Pub. 140
275
GERMANY
General 275 summers. There is an occasional warm tropical foehn wind and
Buoyage System 275 relative high humidity.
Cautions 276 The terrain is lowlands in the N, uplands in the central por-
Currency 276 tion, and the Bavarian Alps located in the S.
Firing Areas 276
Fishing Areas 278 Buoyage System
Government 278
Holidays 278 The IALA Buoyage System (Region A) is in effect. See
Ice 278 Chart No. 1 for further IALA Buoyage System information.
Industries 279 Prohibited areas are marked by yellow buoys, sometimes
Languages 280 with a red cross, marked “Sperrgebiet.”
Meteorology 280 Submarine cable buoys are painted yellow, are usually spher-
Mined Areas 280 ical, and marked with the letter “K” or word “Kabel” in white.
Navigational Information 280 Obstructions outside the buoyed channels are not normally
Pilotage 280 marked.
Pollution 281 Cable landing places are marked by a white panel with an in-
Regulations 282 verted black anchor surrounded by a red border and crossed by
Search and Rescue 285 a red diagonal. The cable direction is marked by two beacons,
Signals 286 with the front beacon marked by a panel similar to the landing
Submarine Operating Areas 288 place panel and topped by a red triangle topmark with its point
Time Zone 289 up and the rear beacon consisting of similar markings, except
Traffic Separation Schemes 289 the red triangle topmark is point down.
U.S. Embassy 290 Winter seamarks are the same color as the fair weather
Vessel Traffic Service 290 marks, however topmarks may be absent or replaced by bush
Appendix—AIS Coverage in the German Bight and the brooms and straw wisps. Special purpose buoys are barrel-
North Sea 293 shaped in most cases, but other shapes may be used.
Anchorage buoys are painted red, and may carry a red cylin-
General drical topmark, to mark the limit of an anchorage on the port
hand side of a fairway.
Germany is located in Central Europe, bordering the Baltic The limit of an anchorage on the starboard side of a fairway
and North Sea, between the Netherlands and Poland, S of Den- is marked by black buoys, and may carry a black conical top-
mark. mark.
The climate is temperate with cool, cloudy, wet winters and The dangerous goods anchorage is marked by yellow buoys
Pub. 140
276 Germany
with the letter “P” in black. Netherlands German
Military prohibited areas are marked by white buoys with ei- Ports Ports
ther a blue cross or a blue band, marked “Sperrgebiet,” or
“Warngebiet,” respectively. Yellow buoys with a red cross 2.6 to 3.1m
Lowest HW —
mark all other prohibited areas. below MHW
Dumping grounds are marked by buoys painted yellow at the 1.1 to 1.4m 2.0 to2.3m
top and black at the lower part, and may carry a black flag. Lowest LW
below MLWS below MLWS
In inshore waters, some aids may be withdrawn or altered
during the winter, or when ice is forming or breaking up. The probability of lowered low water levels in the North Sea
Lighted buoys may be replaced by unlighted buoys; unlighted is given below:
buoys may be replaced by spar buoys or floating beacons. The
replacements have the same characteristics at the original
LW level Probability in
buoyage but may be without topmarks. changes may be an-
nounced by Notice to Mariners. Buoyage may be damaged, lowered by January July
displaced, or sunk if subject to heavy ice movement.
0.2m 25% 5%
Fishing grounds are marked by blue buoys or unpainted
poles, either of which may carry a yellow topmark in the shape 0.4m 5% 0.1%
of a fish. 0.6m 1% 0
Moored or fixed fishing nets are usually marked by flags,
with two at the beginning and end of each line of nets and a 0.8m 0.5% 0
single flag placed every sixth net. Towed nets are marked at the 1.0m 0.1% 0
end of the last net by a white light. The outer end of a line of
moored or fixed nets is also marked by a white light. 1.2m 0.02% 0
Cautions Currency
Magnetic Anomalies The official unit of currency is the Euro, consisting of 100
A local magnetic anomaly exists about 8 miles N of War- cents.
nemunde (54°11.1'N., 12°05.4'E.).
Magnetic deviations of up to 70° have been experienced in
the vicinity of a power cable extending S from a position about Firing Areas
4 miles W of Trelleborg, Sweden through Kadetrenden and on-
wards to Travemunde, Germany. North Sea and Baltic Firing Danger Areas have been estab-
lished for the occasional use of the German Navy.
Marking of Fixed Fishing Gear Local announcements of firing practice are made. Usually
Moored or fixed fishing nets are usually marked by flags, there is no obstruction to shipping. Firing may be carried out
with one flag at every sixth net and two flags at the beginning by day or at night when the visibility is good and the target area
and end of each set of nets. When nets are towed, the end of the is clear. Patrol vessels may warn approaching vessels.
last net of the set is marked by a white light; the outer end of a The danger areas in Kieler Bucht, Hohwachter Bucht, To-
line of moored or fixed nets is also marked by a similar light. dendorf, and Putlos should be avoided during firing exercises
but vessels may pass through after permission has been granted
High Speed Craft by the Bundeswahr. Todendorf Naval Coast Radio Station
High speed ferries operate in Die Ems between Emden transmits updated situation broadcasts concerning the danger
(53°20'N., 7°11'E.) and Borkum (53°33'N., 6°45'E.). areas on VHF channel 11 from Monday through Friday at
0730, 1100, and 1530; in exceptional cases, broadcasts will al-
Sea Level Changes in the German Bight so be made on Saturday at 0730 and 1100. The station’s broad-
The rise and fall of sea levels in the German Bight corre- cast will be announced 5 minutes in advance on VHF channel
spond with sea level changes observed in the NW part of the 16.
North Sea as a result of changes in the wind and barometric
pressure. These changes, which may be as much as 0.9m above Warngebiet Firing Practice Signals
or 0.7m below predicted levels, occur about 15 hours after the
variations in sea level in the North Sea occur and are indepen- Area Day Signal Night Signal
dent of local changes in wind and barometric pressure. A sum- One red ball over
mary of the highest and lowest high water and low water are One red light over
two red triangles,
given below: Todendorf two white lights,
points up, dis-
displayed vertically
played vertically
Netherlands German One red triangle,
Ports Ports One white light
point up, over two
Pultos over two red lights,
2.75 to 3.4m 3.6 to 4.0m red balls, displayed
Highest HW displayed vertically
above MHWS above MHW vertically
Pub. 140
Germany 277
Warning signals, listed in the table titled Warngebiet Firing 10°56.1'E.

Practice Signals, for the Todendorf Anti-aircraft Firing Range The signals are described in the table titled Wargebiet Fir-
and the Putlos Tank Firing Range, which lie along the stretch ing Areas.
of coast between the E entrance of Kieler Forde and the NE
side of Hohwachter Bucht, are displayed from signal towers in Wargebiet Firing Areas
the following locations:
1. Heidkate (54°26'01.8''N., 10°19'01.8''E.). Area Day signal Night signal
2. Hubertsburg (54°22'43.2''N., 10°32'33.6''E.). Todendorf One red ball over
3. Neuland (54°22'37.8''N., 10°36'02.4''E.). One red light over
two red triangles,
4. Wessek (54°18'57.6''N., 10°48'03.6''E.). two white lights,
points up, vertical-
5. Blankeck (54°21'13.6''N., 10°51'58.8''E.). vertically disposed
ly disposed
6. Heiligenhafen (54°22'54.0''N., 10°56'07.2''E.).
Putlos One red triangle,
Gunnery, aerial bombing, and torpedo firing occur at various One white light
point up, over two
times and locations along the German coast. Shipping is for- over two red lights,
red balls, vertical-
bidden, or otherwise subjected to special regulations within the vertically disposed
ly disposed
firing area. When firing or aircraft exercises are in progress,
lightships, signal stations, and patrol vessels in the vicinity dis-
play the following signals: A torpedo firing range, about 7.5 miles long and 0.5 mile
1. By day.—Flags BB vertically. wide, is located in Eckernforder Sud (54°31'N, 10°14'E.). The
2. By night.—A red light above two white lights. N and S limits of the range are marked by buoys. When the ar-
A vessel towing a target or targets for firing practice will dis- ea is activated, the following warning signals are shown from a
play the following signals: signal mast on the torpedo firing stand and from patrol safety
1. By day.—Two black cones, points down, in a vertical craft:
line. 1. By day—Two blacks cones, point down, above a black
2. By night.—In addition to the lights prescribed by the ball, vertically disposed.
International Rules of the Road, two red lights above a white 2. At night—Two white lights above a green light, verti-
light in a vertical line. cally disposed.
If a vessel approaches the tow too closely, a flare will be A firing danger area is established N of Zingst and is occa-
shown on the towing vessel. Targets which are being towed at sionally closed to shipping. The approximate boundaries are:
night when firing is not in progress display two white lights, a. 54°26.7'N, 12°44.6'E.
one forward and the other aft, at the same elevation. b. 54°30.2'N, 12°37.7'E.
When firing is in progress, targets do not display lights. As c. 54°37.0'N, 12°37.7'E.
targets may be towed as far as 1 mile astern of the towing ves- d. 54°37.0'N, 13°00.5'E.
sel, a wide berth should be given to the tow. e. 54°26.6'N, 12°59.5'E.
When torpedo firing exercises are in progress, signal stations A military training area, marked by blue and white can
and patrol vessels in the vicinity display the following signals: buoys, established in Greifswalder Bodden is restricted to ship-
1. By day.—Two black cones, points down, above a black ping. The approximate boundaries are:
ball, displayed vertically. a. 54°10.5'N, 13°47.7'E.
2. By night.—In addition to the lights prescribed by the b. 54°11.4'N, 13°47.7'E.
International Rules of the Road, two red lights above a green c. 54°11.4'N, 13°50.0'E.
light, displayed vertically. d. 54°10.6'N, 13°51.6'E.
Minelaying and mine countermeasures practice areas are lo- e. 54°09.5'N, 13°51.9'E.
cated in the E approaches to Fehmamsund E of Fehmam, in the f. 54°09.3'N, 13°50.6'E.
E part of Keiler Bucht W of Fehmam, and in the E part of g. 54°09.2'N, 13°49.3'E.
Mecklenburger Bucht. Two firing practice areas are located NW of Oder Bank in
the approaches to Greifswalder Bodden, as follows:
1. Area ED-D47A—bounded by lines joining the follow-
Baltic Sea ing positions:
Wargebiet Todendorf, used for anti-aircraft firing, and a. 55°39.5'N, 14°19.5'E.
Warngebiet Pulos, used for tank firing, extend up to 12 miles b. 55°39.2'N, 13°57.5'E.
off the coast from Schonberger Strand (54°25'N., 10°25'E.) to c. 55°37.8'N, 13°51.5'E.
the NE shores of Hohwachter Bucht The outer perimeter is d. 55°27.3'N, 14°00.0'E.
marked by lighted buoys while the inner perimeter is marked e. 55°27.3'N, 14°08.0'E.
by lighted and unlighted buoys. Warning signals for the firing f. 55°21.0'N, 14°08.0'E.
areas are displayed from signal towers located, as follows: g. 55°21.0'N, 14°17.0'E.
1. Heidkate (54°26.0'N, 10°29.0'E. 2. Area ED-D47B—bounded by lines joining the follow-
2. Hubertsburg (54°22.7'N, 10°32.6'E. ing positions:
3. Neuland (54°22.6'N, 10°36.0'E. a. 55°37.8'N, 13°51.5'E.
4. Wesseck (54°19.0'N, 10°48.1'E. b. 55°37.1'N, 13°50.0'E.
5. Blankeck(54°21.2'N, 10°52.0'E. c. 55°10.5'N, 13°58.5'E.
6. On the coast WNW of Heiligenhafen (54°22.9'N, d. 55°10.5'N, 13°15.5'E.
Pub. 140
278 Germany
e. 55°21.0'N, 14°17.0'E. Government
f. 55°21.0'N, 13°05.5'E.
North Sea
A torpedo exercise area, located NW of Helgoland, is bound-
ed by lines joining the following positions:
a. 54°40'N, 7°13'E.
b. 54°40'N, 7°27'E.
c. 54°20'N, 7°27'E.
d. 54°20'N, 7°13'E.
Area ED-D41A, a firing practice area located NW of Helgo-
land, is bounded by lines joining the following positions:
a. 54°57'11.0''N, 8°03'38.0''E.
b. 54°52'39.0''N, 8°12'26.0''E. Flag of Germany
c. 54°44'00.0''N, 8°11'00.0''E.
d. 54°39'00.0''N, 8°12'00.0''E. Germany is a federal republic. The country is divided into 16
e. 54°29'43.2''N, 8°18'30.0''E. states.
f. 54°16'19.8''N, 7°53'00.0''E. Germany is governed by a President who is elected by a Fed-
g. 54°15'30.0''N, 7°34'00.0''E. eral Convention to a 5-year term. The Chancellor is elected by
Two firing practice areas are located N of the German Bight the Federal Assembly to a 4-year term. The bicameral Parlia-
Western Approach Traffic Separation Scheme, as follows: ment is composed of the 631-member Federal Assembly, di-
1. Area ED-D44—bounded by lines joining the following rectly elected through a combination of direct and proportional
positions: representation, serving 4-year terms, and the appointed 69-
a. 54°40'00.0''N, 6°30'00.0''E. member Federal Council, consisting of three to six members
b. 54°40'00.0''N, 7°00'00.0''E. from each state based on that state’s population, serving terms
c. 54°15'00.0''N, 7°00'00.0''E. based on each state’s individual election cycle.
d. 54°15'00.0''N, 6°30'00.0''E. The legal system is based on German civil law.
2. Area ED-D46—bounded by lines joining the following The capital is Berlin.
positions:
a. 55°00'00.0''N, 6°30'00.0''E. Holidays
b. 55°00'00.0''N, 7°15'00.0''E.
c. 55°10'00.0''N, 7°20'00.0''E. The following holidays are observed:
d. 55°10'00.0''N, 7°50'00.0''E.
e. 55°00'00.0''N, 7°43'25.2''E. January 1 New Year’s Day
f. 54°15'00.0''N, 7°13'36.0''E.
g. 54°40'00.0''N, 7°00'00.0''E. Good Friday Variable
h. 54°15'00.0''N, 7°00'00.0''E. Easter Sunday Variable
i. 54°40'00.0''N, 7°30'00.0''E.
May 1 Labor Day
Fishing Areas Ascension Day Variable
Baltic Sea Whitsunday Variable
On the E coast of Rugen, herring fishing is carried out using
Whitmonday Variable
fish traps and fixed bottom nets. Vessels should maintain suffi-
cient distance when passing the fishing areas and to not anchor Corpus Christi Variable
within them if possible. October 3 German Unity Day
In Tromper Wiek and Prorer Wiek, herring fishing, using
fish traps and fixed bottom nets, occurs from January until the December 24 Christmas Eve
end of May. December 25 Christmas Day
Off the SE side of Jasmund, fishing nets are set out from December 26 Second Christmas Day
February to May and from September to November.
Greifswalder Budden experiences extensive fishing between December 31 New Year’s Eve
mid-February and mid-June in its N half and year-round in its
S half. Fishing with fixed nets for herring takes place from Ice
May to March. In the spring fishing season additional fishing
buoys with orange-colored balls, which have no navigational The Ice Service, which includes the Ice Breaking Service
significance, will be moored clear of the main fairways to mark and Ice Reporting Service, assists vessels in German Baltic wa-
the fishery areas. ters during ice operations. There are three Ice Service Centers
Pub. 140
Germany 279
(ISC) to assist vessels, as follows: b. VHF: VHF channel 67 (Stralsund Traf-

1. ISC Kiel-Holtenau covers the Kiel Canal. The section fic)
of ISC Kiel-Holtenau covering the area of the Kiel Canal VHF channel 13 (Sassnitz Traffic)
from km 0.0 to km 49.5 can be contacted, as follows: VHF channel 73 (Warnemunde
a. Call sign: Kiel Kanal 2 Traffic)
b. VHF: VHF channel 2 c. Telephone: 49-3831-249360
c. Telephone: 49-4852-885362 49-3831-20671841 (after office
49-4852-885369 (after office hours) hours)
d. Facsimile: 49-4852-885400 d. Facsimile: 49-3831-20671845
49-4852-885407 (after office hours) e. E-mail: [email protected]
The section of ISC Kiel-Holtenau covering the area of the [email protected]
Kiel Canal from km 49.5 to km 98.7 can be contacted, as fol- Requests for ice breaking assistance are normally directed to
lows: the appropriate ISC. Requests should contain the following in-
a. Call sign: Kiel Kanal 3 formation:
b. VHF: VHF channel 3 1. Vessel name.
c. Telephone: 49-431-3603483 2. Call sign.
49-4852-885469 (after office hours) 3. Flag.
d. Facsimile: 49-431-3603296 4. Size.
49-4852-885407 (after office hours) 5. Ice class.
e. E-mail: [email protected] 6. Engine power.
2. ISC Lubeck covers the western Baltic Sea from the 7. Position.
Denmark/Germany border to Ob Buk Light at longitude 8. Destination.
11°42'E. It can be contacted, as follows: During the voyage, vessels should follow the instructions
a. Call sign: Trave Traffic given by the ISC. After the initial contact with the ISC or the
Kiel Traffic icebreaker, vessels should maintain a continuous listening
b. VHF: VHF channel 13 (Trave Traffic) watch as directed.
VHF channel 22 (Kiel Traffic) Icebreakers contact information can be found in the table ti-
c. Telephone: 49-451-6208360 tled Germany—Icebreaker Contact Information.
49-451-6208362 For information on obtaining general ice information for the
49-4502-8475511 (after office hours) Baltic Sea, including the BSH Ice Report normally published
d. Facsimile: 49-451-6208190 from late-November/early-December to late-May/early-June,
e. E-mail: [email protected] see Baltic Sea—Ice.
vkz-travemuende@wsv. bund.de
3. ISC Stralsund covers the western and southern Baltic
Sea from Ob Buk Light at longitude 11°42'E to the Germa- Industries
ny/Poland border. It can be contacted, as follows:
a. Call sign: Stralsund Traffic The main industries include iron, steel, coal, cement, chemi-
Sassnitz Traffic cals, machinery, vehicles, machine tools, electronics, food and
Warnemunde Traffic beverages, shipbuilding, and textiles.
Germany—Icebreaker Contact Information

Vessel name Arkona Mellum Neuwerk
Call sign DBBU DBPG DBJM
49-151-17417210
Telephone 49-171-8349083 49-171-7652140
49-151-17417211
Facsimile 49-151-177445285 49-171-8356949 49-171-7683718
INMARSAT — 761651659 321835414
INMARSAT F77 764034224 — —
INMARSAT F77
600365055 6002273385 321835415
facsimile
INMARSAT (telex) — 1121334 —
Iridium 881-621-442000 — —
Pub. 140
280 Germany
The main exports are motor vehicles, machinery, chemicals, Navigational Information
computer and electronic products, electrical equipment, phar-
maceuticals, metals, transport equipment, foodstuffs, textiles, Enroute Volumes
rubber products, and plastic products. The main export-trading Pub. 192, Sailing Directions (Enroute) North Sea.
partners are the United States, France, the United Kingdom, Pub. 194, Sailing Directions (Enroute) Baltic Sea (Southern
and China. Part).
The main imports are machinery, data-processing equip-
ment, vehicles, chemicals, oil and gas, metals, electronic
equipment, pharmaceuticals, foodstuffs, and agricultural prod- Maritime Claims
ucts. The main import-trading partners are the Netherlands, The maritime territorial claims of Germany are, as follows:
France, China, Belgium, Italy., and Poland
Territorial Sea 12 miles. *
Languages Fisheries or Economic Zone 200 miles. **
German is the official language. Continental Shelf Depth of 200m or the Limit
of Exploitation.
Meteorology * Claims straight baselines. A special claim extends the
limit to include the deep water anchorage W of Helgoland.
Shipping weather is available in German from Deutschlan- Territorial sea limits reduced in the following areas to
dradio (http://www.deutschlandradio.de/seewetter). retain a high seas corridor:
1. Kattegat. 5. Fehmarn Belt.
Mined Areas
2. Northern and southern 6. Kieler Bucht.
Mine Danger Areas approaches to The Sound.
Baltic Sea.—The following areas may be dangerous to an- 3. Samso Baelt. 7. Bornholmsgat.
choring, fishing, or other sea bed activities:
1. An area 1 mile in diameter centered on position 4. Kadet Renden.
54°41'N, 10°48'E. ** To defined coordinates.
2. An area from 2.5 to 4.5 miles off the S coast of Lolland
as far E as Kramnitse Havn (54°42'N., 11°15'E.).
3. Rectangular areas centered 8 miles WNW and 4.5 Internet Maritime Safety Information
miles SW of Keldsnor Light (54°43.9'N., 10°43.3'E.). Navigational warnings are available, in English, from the
4. A circular area with a diameter of 1 mile centered 6 German Hydrographic Office (http://www.bsh.de/en/Mari-
miles SSW of Keldsnor Light. time_shipping/Commercial_shipping/Navigational_warnings/
5. A circular area with a diameter of 0.3 mile centered index.jsp).
6.75 miles S of Keldsnor Light.
North Sea.—A mine field, with a radius of 0.15 mile, lies W Pilotage
of Sylt, centered on position 54°48'54.0''N, 8°05'15.6''E.
German Bight Pilotage
Former Mine Danger Areas Pilotage is compulsory, as follows:
Former NEMEDRI Danger Area No. 9 is an area in which 1. Tankers with a length of 150m and over, or a beam of
danger due to mines laid between 1939 and 1945 still exists. 23m and over en route to or from the River Ems, the River
For further information, see North Sea and English Chan- Jade, the River Weser, or the River Elbe and carrying gas,
nel—Mined Areas. chemicals, petroleum, or petroleum products in bulk.
Former mine danger areas are located in German waters, as 2. Unloaded tankers if not cleaned, degassed, or com-
follows: pletely inerted after carrying petroleum, petroleum products,
1. In Kieler Bucht, including the coastal waters of or chemicals with a flash point below 35°C en route to or
Schleswig-Holstein from the S part of Flensburg Fjord 20 from the River Ems, the River Jade, the River Weser, or the
miles S to Echernforder Bucht, and from Kieler Forde E to River Elbe.
Fehmarn, up to a distance of 12 miles offshore. 3. Bulk carriers with a length of 220m and over, or a
2. Off Marstal Bugt (54°42'N., 10°33'E.). beam of 32m and over, en route to or from the River Elbe.
3. Off the S extremity of Langeland. 4. Bulk carriers with a length of 250m and over, a beam
4. Off the SW coast of Lolland. of 40m and over, or a draft of 13.5m and over, en route to or
5. In Mecklenburger Burcht and the coastal water further from the River Weser or the River Jade.
E up to a distance of 10 miles offshore. 5. Other vessels with a length of 350m and over, or a
In these areas, mines are no longer a hazard but anchoring, beam of 45m and over, en route to or from the River Jade,
fishing, and any form of sea bed activity could be dangerous. the River Weser, or the River Elbe.
Pub. 140
Germany 281
Pilots must be requested 24 hours prior to arrival at the pilot Miscellaneous

boarding position or upon departure from the last port of call. Tankers of all nationalities coming from sea and entering the
Further information concerning pilot boarding positions, pilot- territorial waters of the Federal Republic of Germany must
age request messages, ETA messages, and helicopter boarding complete a check list before the pilot starts his duties. This
procedures may be found in Pub. 192, Sailing Directions (En- check list enables the pilot to satisfy himself about the condi-
route) North Sea in Sector 8. tion of the ship and her equipment for safe operation, or in the
In adverse weather conditions, pilots will board between the case of deficiencies, to enable him to take these into account.
normal boarding position and the sheltered position of the pilot Two copies of the check list are required. One copy of the
vessel in the River Ems, the River Jade, the River Weser, or the checklist is for the pilot to examine and send to the responsible
River Elbe for the following categories of vessels: authority, while the other is to be retained on board the ship.
1. Tankers as listed in paragraph 1 and paragraph 2 Failure to complete the check list correctly or to produce it up-
above. on request may result in a fine.
2. Vessels 170m long and over or with a beam of 28m and
over, other than oil, gas, and chemical tankers, on the River Pilot Vessels
Ems, the River Jade, the River Weser, and the River Elbe. A large SWATH vessel operates as a mother ship at the outer
3. Car carriers and ro-ro vessels with a length of 140m pilot boarding position in Die Elbe. A smaller SWATH vessel
and over or a beam of 23m and over, on the River Ems. may be used for direct transfers on vessels with a freeboard of
more than 2 to 2.5m, depending on weather conditions. Both
District Pilotage craft have red hulls marked with the word PILOT.
District pilotage is compulsory, as follows: Elsewhere, German pilot vessels are conventional, with
1. Tankers carrying gas, chemicals, petroleum, or petro- black hulls with the word LOTSE marked in white letters on
leum products in bulk. both sides and a yellow funnel with a black top.
2. Unloaded tankers if not cleaned, degassed, or com-
pletely inerted after carrying petroleum or petroleum prod- Helicopter Pilotage Operations
ucts with a flash point below 35°C. Wind direction on the location of landing/winching area
3. All vessels greater than 90m in length. must be considered when embarking or disembarking pilots by
4. All vessels greater than 13m in beam. helicopter. Vessels should steer to keep the relative wind direc-
5. Vessels with drafts greater than: tion four points to starboard or port. A red and white windsock
a. 6.0m—Flensburger Forde and the River Ems. should be hoisted from a turbulence-free area where it can be
b. 8.0m—Kieler Forde and the River Jade. clearly visible to the helicopter pilot. Vessels should adjust
c. 8.0m—bound for Bremerhaven. their course and speed to minimize rolling, pitching, and to
d. 6.5m—bound for destinations above Bremerhaven prevent heavy sea sprays. Loose obstacles should be removed
and the River Elbe. from the landing and winching area. Firefighting equipment
Pilots must be requested 12 hours before arrival at the pilot must be kept on standby.
boarding position or upon departure from the last port of call. Oil, gas, and chemical tankers should take precautionary
Further information may be found under the appropriate river measures against flash point mishaps. Vessel personnel should
in Sector 8 of Pub. 192, Sailing Directions (Enroute) North be well-familiar with the safety guidelines for helicopter land-
Sea. ings or winching operations over a vessel’s deck.
Deep Sea Pilotage Pollution

Vessels requiring a licensed Deep Sea Pilot in the North Sea,
the English Channel, or the Baltic Sea should send a request to Pollution Reporting
the following Pilot Agencies through their port agents: All vessels navigating off the Baltic Sea and North Sea
1. Die Elbe. coasts of Germany are requested to report pollution and any ac-
2. Die Weser. cidents which could lead to such pollution. Reports of oil pol-
3. Helgoland. lution should be sent to the Maritime Emergency Reporting
4. North Sea Pilot Association. and Assessment Center (MERAC) through the nearest coast ra-
Requests for German Deep Sea Pilots should be made, as dio station. MLZ Cuxhaven is available 24 hours and will bear
follows: the cost of the message.
1. Vessels berthed in German North Sea ports.—6 to 8 MLZ Cuxhaven can be contacted, as follows:
hours before ETD. 1. Telephone: 49-4721-567485
2. Vessels berthed in Continental North Sea ports.—24 49-4721-567392
hours before ETD. 2. Facsimile: 49-4721-554744
3. Vessels berthed in the United Kingdom, North Sea, 49-4721-554745
and Channel ports.—48 hours before ETD. 3. E-mail: [email protected]
Deep sea pilots may also be requested from pilotage organi-
zations in other countries bordering these areas. Further infor- Low Sulphur Fuel—Reporting Requirements
mation on Deep Sea Pilots may be found in United In connection with reducing sulphur emissions, ships using
Kingdom—Pilotage. different marine fuels are only allowed to call at a German port
For information on requesting Deep Sea Pilotage in the Bal- if the following entries regarding fuel changeover operations
tic Sea, see Baltic Sea—Pilotage. have been correctly entered in the ship’s log book:
Pub. 140
282 Germany
1. Quantity of low-sulphur marine fuel (less than or equal the first report.
to 1.5 per cent by mass) in each tank. Seeschiffahrtstrassen-Ordnung (SeeSchStrO) (English trans-
2. Date, time, and position of each fuel changeover oper- lation—Traffic Regulations for Navigable Waterways) are reg-
ation. ulations which are in force in the waters of the Federal
The master shall ensure that this changeover operation oc- Republic of Germany. Vessels should have a copy of this docu-
curs early enough to ensure that upon entering the sulphur ox- ment on board. An English version of this publication is avail-
ide (SOx) control area (North Sea or Baltic Sea), the fuel oil able in PDF from the BSH (German hydrographic office)
system has been fully flushed of any residues of marine fuel website (http://www.bsh.de) using the link
which do not have a low sulphur content. “Seeverkehrsvorschriften” and then the link “englische
The master shall ensure the contact point at the German port- Fassung.”
of-call of the log book entry not less than 24 hours prior to ar- It should be noted that within German coastal waters extend-
rival or, if the voyage is less than 24 hours, not later than the ing out to the 3-mile limit and within buoyed fairways extend-
departure time from the previous port. In circumstances where ing out as far as the 12-mile limit, Seeschiffahrtstrassen-
the destination port is not known until less than 24 hours prior Ordnung (SeeSchStrO) includes some rules that differ from the
to arrival, the report is to be made as soon as the information COLREGS 1972. In particular, it should be noted that a vessel
becomes available. which is proceeding along the course of the fairway channel,
If the fuel changeover occurs at a later time than required irrespective of whether or not the vessel can safely navigate on-
above, the master shall make the log book entry immediately ly within the fairway channel, shall have the right-of-way over
afterwards and report the entry without delay. vessels entering the fairway, vessels crossing the fairway, ves-
The reporting requirements do not apply to the following sels making turns in the fairway, or vessels leaving their an-
vessels: chorage or mooring.
1. Vessels employed in government non-commercial pur- A right-of-way vessel is one which is obliged by its draft,
poses, including service and scientific research vessels, as length, or other characteristic to keep to the deepest part of the
well as vessels engaged in pilot-transfer services. fairway.
2. Warships and state-owned vessels not engaged in com- Traffic regulations (other than in Der Nord-Ostsee Kanal) in-
mercial purposes. clude the following:
3. Vessels with a hull length not exceeding 45m. 1. Vessels are normally to navigate on the right of the
For further information on Sulphur Emissions Control Ar- fairway. In specified places mentioned in the text, certain
eas, see North Atlantic Ocean—Pollution. vessels, including right-of-way vessels, are authorized to
navigate on the left.
MARPOL Special Area 2. Overtaking is normally on the left. If the cooperation
The Baltic Sea, including the Gulf of Bothnia and the Gulf of of the overtaken vessel is required, sound signals should be
Finland, has been designated as a MARPOL Special Area. made. Overtaking is prohibited at narrow places, near chain
MARPOL Special Areas are sea areas where special mandato- ferries, etc.
ry methods for the prevention of oil pollution in the sea have 3. Vessels meeting normally give way to the right. On
been adopted. meeting, right-of-way vessels and certain other hampered
Further information can be found in North Atlantic vessels have the right of way. On meeting at a narrow place,
Ocean—Pollution—MARPOL Special Areas. including a narrow bridge or flood barrage opening, the ves-
This Special Area is under intensive surveillance for pollu- sel which is proceeding with the stream or current has the
tion and violations of traffic rules. Further information on pol- right of way.
lution reporting can be found in Baltic Sea—Pollution— 4. Anchoring is prohibited in the fairway, except in desig-
Pollution Reporting. nated roadsteads, in narrow places, within 0.15 mile of
wrecks, obstructions etc., or in poor visibility, of an overhead
Regulations cable.
5. The prior approval, to be sought in good time, of the
General appropriate navigation authority is required for certain un-
Before navigating German waterways all vessels required to usual operations or passages, including the passage of, nu-
report to waterway authorities should contact the appropriate clear-powered vessels, and extraordinarily large vessels.
authority by VHF stating name, position, dimensions, and des- 6. Especially dangerous cargoes, where referred to in the
tination. text, include most explosives, gases and inflammable liquids.
When navigating German waterways all vessels required to 7. Designated Transhipment Roadsteads are located with-
report to waterway authorities should report at each listed rein the waterways of this nation, many of which handle dan-
porting point stating the following: gerous cargo. Special regulations are in force for such
1. Name. roadsteads, for which the local authorities should be consult-
2. Position. ed.
3. Speed. 8. During periods of reduced visibility, tank vessels of
4. Time of passing reporting point. specific cargo capacity may be prohibited from entering a
All vessels required to report must maintain continuous lis- waterway.
tening watch on VHF channel 16, or other channel as required 9. Speed restrictions may apply to vessels when in some
by the River and Shipping Police, commencing at the time of portions of the waterway.
Pub. 140
Germany 283
International Ship and Port Facility (ISPS) Code apply in particular, to any vessel approaching a vessel con-
The ISPS Code applies to ships on international voyages and strained by its draft so as to involve risk of collision.
port facilities directly interfacing with these ships. The follow-
ing information must be sent at least 24 hours prior to arrival: In practice this provision means, especially for vessels head-
1. Vessel name, flag, type, IMO number, call sign. ing E in the Off Terschelling and in the German Bight TSS,
2. Confirmation that the vessel possesses a valid Interna- that they must not in any way impede those large vessels, espe-
tional Ship Security Certificate (ISSC), including the issue cially tankers, which are heading from the German Bight West-
date and the expiration date, and the name of the issuing au- ern Approach TSS towards the River Jade, the River Weser, or
thority. the River Elbe and which, on account of their draft, have
3. Security level ship is currently operating at. reached the point of no return even before passing the Off Ter-
4. Destination port in Germany, including the facility schelling and in the German Bight TSS and which, after con-
name and the ETA at the destination port in Germany. sultation with the pilots, are exhibiting the signals of Rule 28
5. Name, country, and security level of the last ten port of the International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at
facilities where the vessel has conducted a ship/port inter- Sea.
face. The restricted obligation in Rule 18(d) of the Collision Reg-
6. Any special or additional measures that were taken by ulations not to impede the safe passage of vessels constrained
the vessel in any of the last ten port facilities where it has by their draft has thus been replaced, as far as the area of exten-
conducted a ship/port interface. sion of the territorial sea is concerned, by the clear, unambigu-
7. Confirmation that appropriate ship security procedures ous, and unrestricted obligation not to impede the safe passage
were maintained by the vessel during any ship-to-ship activi- of vessels constrained by their draft.
ties during the period covered by its last ten calls at port fa- This provision shall apply irrespective of visibility condi-
cilities. tions. Therefore, information on any movements of vessels
8. Port facilities of the port of destination. constrained by their draft will be broadcast in good time by the
If the passage time from the previous port of call is less than coast radio station “German Bight Traffic” to all vessels navi-
24 hours, the required information should be sent upon depar- gating in the area of extension of the territorial sea.
ture from the previous port of call. If the port of call is not These safety broadcasts will be announced at 15 minute in-
known or if the port of call changes during the voyage, the re- tervals on VHF channel 16 and transmitted on VHF channels
quired information should be sent as soon as the port of call be- 80 and 79 immediately following the situation report. As soon
comes known. as vessels have been informed through such safety broadcasts
The is information should be sent to the Point of Contact at of the position of vessels constrained by their draft, they shall
the Maritime Security Center at Cuxhaven using one of the fol- take avoiding action as prescribed above.
lowing methods: All vessels of a length exceeding 50m, including pushed and
1. E-mail: [email protected] towed units, shall be subject to compulsory reporting to ship-
2. Facsimile: 49-47-21-39-48-52 ping police authorities before entering into, and when sailing
in, the area of extension of the territorial sea of the Federal Re-
public of Germany in the North Sea. This regulation in no way
Germany—Maritime Security Report affects the obligation of vessels to report to the shipping police
http://www.bsh.de/en/Maritime%20shipping/ authorities before entering onto, and when sailing on, the River
Commercial%20shipping/Maritime%20security/ Ems, the River Jade, the River Weser, the River Hunte, the Riv-
FurtherInformations. jsl er Elbe, or on the Kiel Canal.
Scroll to bottom of the page and click on the link titled In good time before any such vessel enters into the area of
“security report.” extension of the territorial sea, the vessel’s name, position, di-
mensions, and port of destination shall be communicated to the
Territorial Sea/Pollution Enforcement coast radio station “Deutsche Bucht Revier Radio” on VHF
The federal government of Germany has decreed that “the channel 80 when the vessel in question passes any one of the
territorial sea of the Federal Republic of Germany shall be ex- following positions:
tended in the North Sea to enable appropriate action to be taken 1. In the case of a vessel proceeding in the German Bight
against the risk of tanker casualties and of pollution by oil of Western Approach TSS in an E direction, when passing TG7
the sea and the coast of the German Bight.” Lighted Buoy.
The area of extension is in the vicinity of Helgoland in the 2. In the case of a vessel proceeding in the Off Terschell-
German Bight; the outer limits of the extension area of the tering and in the German Bight TSS or in the associated inshore
ritorial sea may be best seen on the chart. traffic zone in an E direction, when passing the separation
Special shipping police regulations have been put into force scheme German Bight Western Approach TSS in an E direc-
in the extension area and are stated below. tion, when passing TG7 Lighted Buoy.
By derogation from the provisions of Rule 18(d) of the Inter- 3. In the case of a vessel enroute from N and heading for
national Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea any ves- a position anywhere between German Bight Light vessel and
sel, other than a vessel not under command, navigating in the Helgoland, when passing 54°20'N.
area of extension of the territorial sea in the German Bight While any such vessel is sailing in the area of extension of
shall, irrespective of the circumstances of the case, avoid im- the territorial sea, the vessel’s name, position, cruising speed,
peding the safe passage of a vessel constrained by its draft and and time of passage shall be communicated to the coast radio
shall take avoiding action in ample time. This provision shall station “Deutsche Bucht Revier Radio” on VHF channel 80
Pub. 140
284 Germany
when the vessel in question passes any one of the following po- many.
sitions: 2. When a vessel leaves a German port.
1. In the case of a vessel proceeding in the German Bight The report must contain the information as listed in the ta-
Western Approach TSS in an E direction, when passing GW bled titled Pre-Entry Report.
9 Lighted Buoy.
2. In the case of a vessel proceeding in the traffic separa- Pre-Entry Report
tion scheme Off Terschelling and in the German Bight TSS
or in the associated inshore traffic zone in an E direction, Designator Information Required
when passing TG17 Lighted Buoy. Vessel’s name, type, flag, and call sign or
3. In the case of a vessel outbound from River Weser, A
IMO number.
when passing No. 1 Lighted Buoy (Neue Weser Fairway), or
A1 Lighted Buoy (Alte Weser Fairway). Length (in meters), beam (in decimeters),
and draft (in decimeters) upon arrival in
4. In the case of a vessel outbound from River Elbe and U
proceeding in a W direction, when passing a line connecting German waters or upon departure from a
Helgoland Light and Nordergrunde N Lighted Buoy. German port.
While vessels are sailing in the area of extension of the terri- ETA at port of destination in Germany or
I
torial sea, they shall remain constantly available for radio con- ETD from a German port.
tact by the coast radio station “German Bight Traffic” on VHF
L Intended route.
channel 80 or VHF channel 16, even after they have dispatched
their reports under the provisions of paragraph 2 or 3 above. Correct technical names, quantities, and
During maneuvers, exercises, or for other causes, the en- locations of the dangerous or polluting
trance of vessels into river mouths and harbors, as well as de- cargo, with UN numbers and classes
parture therefrom, may depend on special conditions or may be according to IMDG, IBC, or ICG Codes
entirely prohibited. In such cases a warning signal, consisting P (INF code for radioactive material) and, if
of three red balls by day, and three red lights, disposed vertical- in portable tanks or containers, their
ly at night, will be shown from conspicuous positions. identification marks. A corresponding list
Similar signals will be shown by patrol vessels, which, under is kept on the bridge or in the master
certain circumstances, will also carry the pilot flag. control room.
All vessels wishing to enter or leave German territorial wa- W Number of persons on board.
ters must, on observing the warning signal, fly the pilot flag
and await the arrival of the patrol or pilot vessel. Further in-
structions can be obtained from the patrol vessel. Should the When a vessel bound for or leaving the internal waters of
warning signal be made at night, it is advisable to anchor out- Germany is involved in a marine casualty or in any other inci-
side the German territorial limits or remain in harbor. dent or circumstances from which actual damage to the Ger-
If hailed by, or if a gun is fired from, the patrol vessel all ves- man coastal area arises or may arise, the vessel’s master shall
sels in sight must immediately stop or heave-to. forward the information on the marine casualty, incident, or
Vessels must submit to an examination when required. circumstances, completed with the designators listed in the ta-
The patrol or pilot vessel will give full particulars as to the ble titled Pre-Entry Report, to the Central Reporting Point.
following: The requirement to forward this information under Designator
1. Whether a special examination service is in force, and P shall be considered fulfilled if the master indicates which au-
where it takes place. thority of a Member State of the European Union is holding
2. Whether, and for how long, the harbor entrance or river this information.
mouth is closed.
3. Whether special regulations are in force for the naviga- Nature Reserves
tion of a particular waterway. The North Sea coast of the Federal Republic of Germany, in-
Outbound vessels will be given the aforementioned informa- cluding large areas of the shallower channels and drying flats
tion, or their examination will be carried out in the harbor, ac- off, and inshore of, the German Frisian Islands, is designated a
cording to circumstances. National Park. Entry and activities within the park are con-
trolled. As a general rule, entry into the unpopulated areas is
Dangerous or Polluting Cargo Pre-entry Report prohibited. Mariners should consult the German authorities for
Vessels carrying packaged or bulk dangerous or polluting details.
cargo are required to submit a Pre-entry Report to the Central
Reporting Point (Zentrale Meldestelle) via the web site at Cux- European Union Expanded Inspection (EI) Notification
haven (http://www.zmgs.de) or through authorized agencies in Under European Union (EU) Directive 2009/16/EC, the Eu-
the following circumstances: ropean Union has introduced a mandatory reporting system for
1. When the vessel comes from a port outside the Europe- vessels arriving at or departing from a port or anchorage in the
an Union and next calls at a port, berth, or anchorage in Ger- EU region.
Pub. 140
Germany 285
The 72-hour report shall be sent, as follows: 3. Oil tankers over 3,000 gross tons and older than 15
years of age.
Mail BG Verkehr, Port State Control 4. Passenger vessels, other than ro-ro ferries and high
speed passenger craft, older than 15 years of age.
Reimerstwiete 2 The advance notification shall be sent at least 3 days prior to
20457 Hamburg the ETA at the port. If the voyage from the previous port is ex-
pected to take less than 3 days, the advance notification shall
Germany
be sent prior to leaving the previous port.
Telephone 49-40-36137295 The advance notification shall be submitted to See-Be-
rufsgenossenschaft by one of the following methods:
Facsimile 49-40-36137295
E-mail [email protected] 1. Mail: See-Berufsgenossenschaft
Reimerstweite 2
The 24-hour report shall be sent through the following web
site: 20457 Hamburg
2. Facsimile: 49-40-36-13-72-95
Central German Reporting System Home Page
3. E-mail [email protected]
http://www.zmgs.de
The advance notification shall contain the following infor-
For further information, see North Atlantic Ocean—Regu- mation:
lations—European Union Expanded Inspection (EI) Notifi- 1. Vessel name.
cation. 2. Flag.
3. IMO number.
European Union Dangerous and Polluting Cargo Notifica- 4. Deadweight tons.
tion 5. Date of construction of the vessel, as determined by
Under European Union (EU) Directive 2002/59/EC, as the date indicated in the vessel’s safety certificates.
amended by EU Directive 2009/17/EC, any vessel over 300 6. For tankers:
gross tons and any vessel carrying dangerous or polluting cargo a. Configuration (single hull, single hull with segre-
bound to or leaving from EU ports should report to the relevant gated ballast tanks, double hull).
port authority at least 24 hours in advance. b. Condition of the cargo and ballast tanks (full, emp-
For further information, see Baltic Sea—Regulations—Eu- ty, inerted).
ropean Union Dangerous and Polluting Cargo Notifica- c. Volume and type of cargo.
tions. 7. ETA at the port.
8. Planned duration of the port call.
Recommendation on Baltic Sea Navigation 9. Planned operations at the port of destination (loading,
The IMO has issued recommendations regarding vessel tran- unloading, other).
sits of the entrances to the Baltic Sea. For further information, 10. Planned statutory survey inspections and substantial
see Baltic Sea—Regulations. maintenance/repair work to be conducted in the port of desti-
nation.
Particularly Sensitive Sea Areas (PSSA)
The Wadden Sea and adjacent parts of the North Sea in the Tanker Regulations
common Wadden Sea area of Denmark, Germany, and the Single hull tankers over 5,000 dwt carrying or transporting
Netherlands were granted (2002) the status of PSSA by the In- fuel oils are prohibited from entering the territorial waters of
ternational Maritime Organization. For further information, see Germany.
North Sea and the English Channel—Regulations.
The Baltic Sea area of Sweden, Denmark, Finland, Estonia, Search and Rescue
Lithuania, Latvia, Poland, and Germany (except for waters un-
der Russian jurisdiction) has been declared by the IMO to be a The German Sea Rescue Service (GSRS) is responsible for
PSSA. coordinating search and rescue operations and is supported by
A PSSA is an area that requires special protection because of search and rescue units of the German navy. The Maritime
its vulnerability to damage caused by marine activities. Vessels Rescue Coordination Center in Bremen maintains a continuous
operating in or near such an area should exercise the utmost listening watch on VHF channel 16 and VHF channel 70 for
care to avoid damage to the maritime environment and the ma- distress traffic and can be contacted, as follows:
rine organisms in it. No waste should be discharged overboard. 1. Call sign:Bremen Rescue Radio
2. Telephone: 49-421-536870
Advance notification requirements for certain vessels 3. Facsimile: 49-421-5368714
The following vessels are subject to additional advance noti- 4. E-mail: [email protected] (non-emergerncy)
fication requirements: Rescue craft on the Baltic Sea coast are maintained at the
1. Gas and chemical tankers older than 10 years of age. following locations:
2. Bulk carriers older than 12 years of age. 1. Sassnitz (54°31'N., 13°38'E.).
Pub. 140
286 Germany
2. Glowe (54°34'N., 13°28'E.). 14. * Bremerhaven (53°33'N., 8°35'E.).
3. Greifswalder Oie (54°15'N., 13°15'E.). 15. * Cuxhaven (53°52'N., 8°43'E.).
4. Lauterbach (54°20'N., 13°30'E.). 16. Brunsbuttel (53°54'N., 9°09'E.).
5. Stralsund (54°19'N., 13°06'E.). 17. * Busum (54°08'N., 8°52'E.).
6. Freest (54°08'N., 13°44'E.). 18. Eiderdamm (54°16'N., 8°51'E.).
7. Zinnowitz (54°05'N., 13°55'E.). 19. * Nordstrannd (54°30'N., 8°49'E.).
8. Ueckermunde (54°44'N., 14°04'E.). 20. * Hafen von Amrum (54°38'N., 8°23'E.).
9. Langballigau (54°39'N., 9°39'E.). 21. Hafen von Hornum (54°45'N., 8°18'E.).
10. Gelting (54°45'N., 9°53'E.). 22. Westerland (54°55'N., 8°19'E.).
11. Maasholm (54°41'N., 9°59'E.). 23. * List (55°01'N., 8°26'E.).
12. Schleswig (54°31'N., 9°34'E.). * These locations have permanently-manned rescue cruisers
13. Damp (54°35N., 10°02'E.). capable of speeds of 20 to 26 knots. Other locations have res-
14. Eckernforde (54°28'N., 9°51'E.). cue boats and secondary craft, capable of speeds of 8 to 20
15. Schilksee (54°26'N., 10°10'E.). knots, that are manned as and when required.
16. Laboe (54°24'N., 10°13'E.). Emergency tugs are stationed in Kiel (54°20'N., 10°10'E.),
17. Lippe (54°20'N., 10°39'E.). Rostock (54°05'N., 12°07'E.), and Sassnitz (54°39'N.,
18. Heiligenhafen (54°23'N., 10°59'E.). 13°26'E.).
19. Puttgarden (54°30'N., 11°14'E.).
20. Fehmarn/Grobenbrode (54°30'N., 11°30'E.).
21. Neustadt (54°06'N., 10°49'E.). Signals
22. Gromitz (54°09'N., 10°58'E.).
23. Travemunde (53°58'N., 10°53'E.). Vessels entering German waterways should have on board a
24. Timmendorf Poel (53°59'N., 11°23'E.). copy of New Traffic Regulations on German Waterways for
25. Warnemunde (54°11'N., 12°05'E.). Seagoing Vessels. Some of the more important signals from
26. Wustro (54°20'N., 12°24'E.). these regulations are described below.
27. Darber Ort (54°28'N., 12°31'E.). The new traffic signs are mostly self-evident; those prohibit-
28. Zingst (54°26'N., 12°41'E.). ing anything consist of white rectangular daymarks with a red
29. Stralsund (54°19'N., 13°06'E.). border. The prohibited item is shown as a black symbol crossed
30. Kloster/Vitte Hiddensee (54°35'N., 13°07'E.). by a red diagonal stripe. A bollard or letter P indicates that
31. Breege (54°37'N., 13°21'E.). mooring is prohibited.
Rescue craft on the North Sea coast are maintained at the Pilot signals are in accordance with the International Code of
following locations: Signals.
1. * Hafen von Borkum (53°33'N., 6°45'E.). Vessels show the flag of the Federal Republic of Germany
2. Juist (53°41'N., 7°00'E.). and a rectangular green flag by day; by night they show four
3. Hafen von Norddeich (53°37'N., 7°10'E.). green vertical lights in addition to the lights prescribed by the
4. * Hafen von Norderney (53°42'N., 7°10'E.). International Rules of the Road.
5. Baltrum (53°44'N., 7°24'E.). Visual storm warning signals are not used.
6. * Hafen von Langeoog (53°43'N., 7°30'E.).
7. Neuharlingerseil (53°42'N., 7°42'E.).
8. Wangerooge (53°46'N., 7°52'E.). Local German Signals Supplementing International Traffic
9. * Helgoland (54°11'N., 7°53'E.). Signals
10. Wangersiel (53°41'N., 8°02'E.). Some ports use an additional yellow light to allow smaller
11. * Hooksiel (53°38'N., 8°02'E.). vessels to ignore certain International Traffic Signals, as listed
12. Wilhelmshaven (53°32'N., 8°08'E.). in the accompanying table titled Local German Signals Sup-
13. Fedderwardersiel (53°36'N., 8°21'E.). plementing International Traffic Signals
Germany—Signals Involving Movable Bridges, Locks, and Flood Barrages

Visual Signals Sound Signals
Signal (day or night) Meaning Signal Meaning
Two red lights, vertically Bridge, lock, or flood bar- Passage or entry temporari-
....
disposed rage is closed to traffic ly prohibited
Request to open bridge or
Two red lights, horizontally
Passage or entry prohibited —— lock or to raise bridge to
disposed
first step
Prepare to pass or enter; Request to raise lift bridge
One red light ——.
exit from lock prohibited to its full extent.
Pub. 140
Germany 287
Germany—Signals Involving Movable Bridges, Locks, and Flood Barrages

Visual Signals Sound Signals
Signal (day or night) Meaning Signal Meaning
Two red lights, horizontally Passage or entry permitted
disposed, with one white provided there is sufficient Vessels proceeding sea-
——.—
light over the leftmost red clearance and awareness of ward may pass or enter
light oncoming traffic
Two white lights, horizon- Lift bridge is at first lift po-
tally disposed, over two red sition and may be passed Vessels proceeding inwards
——..—
lights, horizontally dis- by vessels for which the may pass or enter
posed vertical clearance is safe
One green light Exit from lock permitted — — — (sounded twice) Channel is closed
Two green lights, horizon-
Passage or entry permitted
tally disposed, with one
but beware of oncoming
white light over the left-
traffic
most green light
Passage or entry permit-
Two green lights, horizon-
ted; oncoming traffic
tally disposed
stopped
Local German Signals Supplementing International Long-term Waterway Closure

Traffic Signals In the event of a long-term closure of a German waterway,
the following signals will be shown in the vicinity:
1. By day.—One black ball over two black cones, points
together, vertically disposed.
2. By night.—One red light over one green light over one
Vessels shall not proceed, except white light, vertically disposed.
for vessels that can navigate The L flag from the International Code, or that letter in
outside of the main fairway. Morse Code sounded by a local authority craft, indicates that
the vessel addressed should stop.
Passage through Movable Bridges, Locks and Flood Bar-

rages
The passage to be used through bridges is indicated by one
or two yellow diamond daymarks close together, or its limits
Vessels may only proceed on are marked by diamond daymarks painted red and white verti-
special instruction except for cally, the outer halves being red.
vessels not navigating in the Visual and sound signals involving movable bridges, locks,
main fairway and flood barrages are given in the table titled Germany—Sig-
nals Involving Movable Bridges, Locks, and Flood Barrag-
es.
Quarantine Signals
Slow Speed Quarantine signals are as provided in the International Code
The signals to be used when vessels must navigate slowly to of Signals. In addition, at night a red light over a white light
prevent wake damage are, as follows: signifies “I have not received pratique.” These two lights must
1. Day signal—One red cylinder displayed vertically. be at least 2m apart and visible all around the horizon. This sig-
2. Night signal—One red light between two white lights, nal may be set only inside the harbor limits.
vertically disposed. Signals, based on the International Code of Signals, which
indicate the health of those on board the vessel and are given in
Obstructions in Channel the table titled Germany—Quarantine Signals.
In the event of an obstruction in the fairways of German wa-
ters, the following signals will be shown in the vicinity: Customs Boats Signals
1. By day.—Two black balls over a black cone, point Customs vessels display the following signals:
down, vertically disposed. 1. Day signal—Third substitute pennant from the Inter-
2. By night.—Two red lights over a green light, vertically national Code of Signals.
disposed. 2. Night signal—White light below the stern light.
Pub. 140
288 Germany
Germany—Quarantine Signals
Day (International Code of
Meaning Night (Flashing Light)
Signals flags)
Inbound vessels not coming from
an infection zone within the last
1. 28 days and have answered “no” ZT over ZT ZT (— — . . —)
to all questions in the maritime
declaration of health
Inbound vessels coming from an
infection zone within the last 28
2. days and have answered “no” to ZV over ZT ZV and ZT (— — . . . . . — — — . . —)
all questions in the maritime dec-
laration of health
Inbound vessels not coming from
an infection zone which have re-
3. sponded “yes” to Questions 3 to 6 ZU over ZU ZU (— — . . . . —)
in the maritime declaration of
health
Inbound vessels coming from an
infection zone within the last 28
4. days which have responded “yes” ZV over ZU ZV and ZU (— — . . . . . — — — . . . . —)
to Questions 3 to 6 in the mari-
time declaration of health
Inbound vessels on intermediate
A number pennant corre-
or long-distance voyages that ful-
sponding to the number of the
fill the requirements of No. 3 or Flashing light corresponding to the number
question answered “yes” in
5. No. 4 above will display these of the question answered “yes” in the mari-
the maritime declaration of
signals in addition to those sig- time declaration of health
health under ZU ZU or ZV
nals required in No. 3 or No. 4
ZU
above
Vessels which have responded
Either Q over Q or Q over the
6. “yes” to Question 1 or 2 in the A red light over a white light
First Substitute
maritime declaration of health
Inbound vessels which are con-
Either QQ over QQ or Q over
7. taminated or suspected of being The sound signal — — . — —
the First Substitute
contaminated
Inbound vessels with a sick per-
son on board who does not have a
8. ZU over ZU The sound signal ZU (— — . . . . —)
contagious disease requiring
quarantine
Distress Signals distress, will from time to time fire white rockets and/or white
A fire alarm is a steady tone on the siren for 1 minute inter- stars, and, in addition, will, at night, burn white flares.
rupted twice. German coastal signal stations and light vessels answer dis-
A disaster alarm is a twice interrupted steady tone on the si- tress signals at sea, when observed, as follows:
ren of 1 minute, then steady tone of 1 minute after a pause of 1. By day.—Suitable flag signals from the International
12 seconds. Code of Signals.
In order to indicate that distress signals made by a ship or 2. By night.—Five white light balls fired at intervals of
aircraft have been seen, and that help is coming, by day the flag about 1 minute. In case of necessity, this signal will be re-
of the Society for Saving Shipwrecked Persons will be peated.
displayed at the flagstaff on the lifesaving station, and, if the
station is concealed from view, a signal bomb, which will rise Submarine Operating Areas
to a height of about 150m and then detonate, will be fired on
the shore. This signal can also be used at night, together with German Submarine Operating Areas are located in the North
the general night signal, made by firing a light rocket. Sea (off Deutsche Bucht) and in the Baltic Sea off Flensburger
Further, the lifeboats, when proceeding by day to a ship in Forde (North Surface Area) and Eckernforder Bucht (South
Pub. 140
Germany 289
Surface Area); for limits see the charts. Submarines may also position is important at that juncture. If one finds that the
operate in Eckernforder Bucht (54°31'N, 10°14'E.), in the W marker buoy is drifting and is no longer attached to the subma-
part of Mecklenburger Bucht, off the E coast of Rugen, in the rine, this must be added to the report.
sea area NNW of Helgoland centered on position 54°30'N, With water depths of more than 200m, one can assume that a
7°33'E, and in Kriegers Flak in the vicinity of position 54°5'N, sighted marker buoy is drifting, since the buoy wire is usually
13°00'E. Ships and fishing vessels are requested to use extreme not longer; with lesser depths one can observe it by carefully
caution when vessels are operating in these areas. hauling up the wire.
Submarines of the German Navy show the following lights Care must be taken not to break the buoy wire, and one must
when proceeding on the surface: not make fast any vessel to the buoy or to the wire. A drifting
1. A blue light at the bow, visible all round for a distance marker buoy may also have detached itself from a submarine
of 1 mile. during the voyage and therefore does not point to an accident
2. A white light at the masthead, visible from right ahead to in every case. As long as no rescue vessel has arrived at a sunk-
two points abaft the beam on either side for a distance of 5 en submarine, every other vessel can contribute to the rescue of
miles. the submarine crew and should not, if possible, leave the scene
3. On the starboard side two green lights and on the port of the accident. Since the living conditions quickly deteriorate
side two red lights, disposed vertically, respectively, and vis- in a sunken submarine, the crew may be forced to abandon the
ible in accordance with the rules governing the exhibition of submarine before the arrival of the rescue vessels.
side lights. One should therefore stay at such a distance from the scene
4. A stern light as laid down in the Rules for Preventing of the wreck that one does not impede the vertically ascending
Collisions at Sea. survivors, and keep a boat clear for rescuing them. In most cas-
5. An all round orange light, showing about 100 flashes es, the survivors require medical assistance and pressure cham-
per minute, visible for at least 3 miles. bers, which must be prepared or called in, as far as possible. To
Submarines are usually not in a position to carry their run- notify the submarine crew of the presence of an assisting ves-
ning lights in the prescribed order and height. Since the lights sel, very small detonators are employed, however, only at a
are attached close together at the conning tower and the second minimum distance of 0.25 mile from the submarine, so that
masthead light often is missing, the danger arises that a subma- persons leaving the submarine and rising in the water, will not
rine surfaced will be taken at night for a much smaller vessel, be injured.
and accordingly, its speed will also be underestimated. Subma- One can also knock vigorously against the ship’s hull below
rines require special attention during their surfacing. the water line with a hard object, or switch on the echo sound-
It is possible that a surfacing submarine is not completely able ing machines. These signals should be repeated from time to
to maneuver, and also is not in a position to show immediately time and may possibly be answered by the submarine by re-
the signals prescribed for ships unable to maneuver. Many sub- leasing pyrotechnics, which develop flares or smoke on the wa-
marines announce their surfacing by signalling with smoke can- ter surface. Most submarines are equipped with two marker
dles or flares, some also use a searchlight, with which they cast buoys, of which one is attached forward, the other aft. In many
rays on the water surface from below. cases, the marker buoys are provided with a quick flashing
Submerged submarines are often accompanied by other ves- light or with a telescope aerial and an automatic emergency
sels, which call attention to the exercises below the surface transmitter.
with the international signal “NE 2.” Vessels so marked should Besides these marker buoys, there are long cylindrical buoys
be avoided as far away as possible. If one should be forced to with telescope aerials, which are dropped by airplanes and
approach such a vessel, nevertheless, it must be done at slow serve as sonic buoys for tracking down submarines. They
speed. The escort vessel will point out the danger zone with should not be confused with the marker buoys.
flags or megaphone. A sharp lookout must be kept for peri-
scopes. When submarines dive so far below that they cannot Time Zone
show the periscope any longer, they announce their position
occasionally with a smoke candle, which develops a strong The Time Zone description is ALFA (-1). Daylight Savings
smoke track when it reaches the water surface. Time (BRAVO (-2)) is observed from the last Sunday in March
German sunken submarines which can no longer surface un- until the last Sunday in October.
der their own power, need immediate assistance and identify
themselves, if possible, with the following signals: Traffic Separation Schemes
1. By rising marker buoys which are attached to the sub-
marine with a wire. Traffic Separation Schemes (TSS) in Germany are, as fol-
2. By shooting off signals, which give off white or yellow lows:
smoke or flames on the water surface (during the day yellow 1. The North Sea
smoke signals are used, if possible). a. German Bight Western Approach. (IMO adopted)
3. By pumping out fuel oil or engine oil. b. Approaches to the River Elbe. (IMO adopted)
4. By releasing air. c. Approaches to the River Jade. (IMO adopted)
When such signals are observed and especially when a mark- d. Terschelling—German Bight. (IMO adopted)
er buoy is sighted, it should be reported immediately by the e. East Friesland. (IMO adopted)
most expedient means, giving, if possible, in that connection, 2. The Baltic Sea
the name or nationality of the submarine, if the marker buoy a. Off Kiel Lighthouse. (IMO adopted)
carries such an indication. The most accurate possible ship’s b. South of Gedser. (IMO adopted)
Pub. 140
290 Germany
c. North of Rugen. (IMO adopted) shall not relieve that master of the duty to comply with the pro-
d. Aldergrund. (IMO adopted) visions of the Collision Regulations and, while navigating in
the area of German jurisdiction, to comply with any supple-
mentary national rules and regulations as may be applicable.
U.S. Embassy While within an area covered by a VTS, a continuous
listening watch on the appropriate VHF channels must be
The U.S. Embassy is situated at Clayalle 170. maintained.
The mailing addresses are, as follows: There are four types of reports which must be sent when
1. Germany address— operating in a German VTS area, as follows:
Clayallee 170 1. Sailing Plan (SP).—An SP must be sent before
14195, Berlin entering a VTS area or before leaving a berth within a VTS
2. U. S. address— area. For information on which vessel are required to submit
Unit 5090, Box 1000 SPs, see each individual port in Pub. 192, Sailing Directions
APO AE (09265) (Enroute) North Sea or Pub. 194, Sailing Directions
(Enroute) Baltic Sea (Southern Part), as appropriate.
U. S. Embassy Germany Home Page The SP must contain the information listed in the table
http://de.usembassy.gov titled Sailing Plan Information.
2. Position Report (PR).—A PR must be sent when
passing certain Reporting Points in the VTS area. The PR
Vessel Traffic Service must contain the information listed in the table titled Posi-
tion Report Information.
Vessel Traffic Services provide regulatory measures to con- 3. Deviation Report (DR).—A DR must be sent by ves-
trol traffic flow to prevent accidents and/or threat to the envi- sels changing their SP.
ronment by providing information, warnings, advice, or 4. Incident Report (IR).—An IR must be sent by vessels
instruction. The fact that a VTS is in operation in a given area when an accident impairs safety or the environment.
Germany—Vessel Traffic Services

VTS Area VTS Center Remarks
German Bight
Wilhelmshaven
Jade
Ems Emden
Bremerhaven Weser Bremerhaven
Hunte Pub. 192, Sailing Directions
Bremen (Enroute) North Sea.
Bremen Weser
Cuxhaven Elbe Cuxhaven
Brunsbuttel Elbe Brunsbuttel
Hamburg Port Hamburg
Kiel Canal NOK (Kiel Canal)
Kieler Forde
Kieler Bucht (Kiel Bight)
Fehmarnbelt Travemunde
Travenmunde/Lubeck For further informations, see
Pub. 194, Sailing Directions
Wismar
(Enroute) Baltic Sea (South-
Warnemunde/Rostock ern Part).
Kadetrenden
Stralsund Warnemunde
Sassnitz/Mukran
Wolgast
Pub. 140
Germany 291
AIS Reporting German VTS Centers are requested to:

German VTS Centers are able to receive, answer, and for- 1. Have their AIS switched on and tuned before entering
ward information received by Automatic Identification Sys- the area of German AIS coverage.
tems (AIS). Vessels required to submit mandatory reports to 2. Transmit the mandatory reports by AIS.
Sailing Plan Information Position Report Information

Designator Information Required Designator Information Required
A Vessel name and call sign. A Vessel name and call sign.
D Position. B Time of report (local time in four digits).
Length (in meters), beam (in decimeters),
U D Position.
and type.
O Draft (in decimeters). F Speed.
G Port of departure.
I Port of destination.
Indication if liquefied gases, chemicals,
petroleum, or petroleum products are or
P were carried in bulk. If yes, type, quantity,
and UN number and whether tanks are
uncleaned or completely inerted.
Deficiencies or restrictions on maneuver-
Q
ability.
T Name of vessel’s owner or agents.
Pub. 140
Germany 293
Appendix—AIS Coverage in the German Bight and the North Sea

The chartlets titled AIS Coverage—German Bight and AIS boundaries of German AIS coverage.
Coverage—Baltic Sea in the Appendix show the general
Pub. 140
295
GIBRALTAR

Buoyage System 295
Government 295
Industries 296
Languages 296 In the E approaches to the Strait of Gibraltar, tide rips have
Navigational Information 296 been reported to occur under certain weather conditions during
Pilotage 296 a W current. These tide rips, which have been detected on ra-
Regulations 296 dar, may be up to 4 miles long.
Signals 297 Currency
Submarine Operating Areas 297
Time Zone 297 The official unit of currency is the Gibraltar pound, consist-
U.S. Embassy 297 ing of 100 pence. The British pound is also legal tender.
Vessel Traffic Service 297
Government
General Gibraltar is a dependent territory of the United Kingdom.
Gibraltar is located in southwestern Europe, bordering the Governor. The cabinet is appointed by the Governor. The
Strait of Gibraltar, which links the Mediterranean Sea and the Prime Minister is appointed by the Governor. The unicameral
North Atlantic Ocean, on the S coast of Spain. House of Assembly consists of 18 members serving 4-year
The climate is Mediterranean, with mild winters and warm terms; 17 members are directly elected while the remaining
summers. member is appointed.
The terrain is a narrow coastal lowlands bordering the The legal system is based on English law.
Rock.of Gibraltar. The capital is Gibraltar.
Pub. 140
296 Gibraltar
Maritime Claims
The maritime territorial claims of Gibraltar are, as follows:

Zone
Pilotage
Flag of Gibraltar Pilotage is compulsory for all vessels, except those leaving
the anchorage direct for sea. Bay pilots berth ships at the Mer-
Holidays cantile Port; Admiralty Pilots berth ships at the HM Naval
Base.
Regulations
Second Monday in March Commonwealth Day Single Hull Tankers
Single hull tankers over 5,000 gt carrying heavy grades of oil
Good Friday Variable are prohibited from entering or leaving Gibraltar waters, in-
Easter Sunday Variable cluding the East Anchorage. The owner or master of single hull
tankers carrying oil products must supply the vessel’s agent
Easter Monday Variable with details of the cargo and the grade of oil when sending the
May 1 May Day vessel’s ETA in Gibraltar.
Last Monday in May Spring Bank Holiday Paris Memorandum of Understanding on Port State Con-
Monday after the Second Queen’s Birthday trol (PMoU) New Inspection Regime (NIR)
Saturday in June The NIR of the PMoU has introduced a mandatory reporting
system for vessels arriving at or departing from a port or an-
Last Monday in August Summer Bank Holiday
chorage in the Paris MoU region.
September 10 Gibraltar National Day The 72-hour and 24-hour reports should be sent to the Gi-
braltar Port Authority via e-mail ([email protected]).
Enquiries can be directed to the Gibraltar Port Authority, as
December 26 Boxing Day follows:
1. Telephone: 350-20046254
Industries For further information, see North Atlantic Ocean—Regu-
lations—Paris Memorandum of Understanding on Port
The main industries are tourism, banking and finance, ship State Control (PMoU) New Inspection Regime (NIR).
repair, and tobacco.
The main exports are the re-export of petroleum and manu- European Union Dangerous and Polluting Cargo Notifica-
factured goods. The main export-trading partners are the Unit- tion
ed Kingdom, Spain, Germany, Turkmenistan, Switzerland, and Under European Union (EU) Directive 2002/59/EC, as
Italy. amended by EU Directive 2009/17/EC, any vessel over 300
The main imports are fuels, manufactured goods, and food- gross tons and any vessel carrying dangerous or polluting cargo
stuffs. The main import-trading partners are Spain, Russia, Ita- bound to or leaving from EU ports should report to the relevant
ly, the United Kingdom, France, and the Netherlands. port authority at least 24 hours in advance.
Languages ropean Union Dangerous and Polluting Cargo Notifica-
tions.
English is the official language. Spanish, Italian, Portuguese,
and Russian are also spoken. Search and Rescue
Gibraltar Vessel Traffic Service is responsible for the coordi-
Navigational Information nation of search and rescue operations within the territorial wa-
ters of Gibraltar and can be contacted, as follows:
Enroute Volume 1. Telephone: 350-200-46254
Pub. 131, Sailing Directions (Enroute) Western Mediterra- 2. Facsimile: 350-200-77011
nean. 3. E-mail: [email protected]
Pub. 140
Gibraltar 297
Signals Time (BRAVO (-2)) is observed from the last Sunday in March
until the last Sunday in October.
Local storm signals may be shown, as given in the accompa-
nying table titled Gibraltar—Local Storm Signals. U.S. Embassy
Submarine Operating Areas Gibraltar is a dependent territory of the United Kingdom.
There is no diplomatic representation.
Submarines may be found conducting exercises outside
Spanish territorial waters, E of the Strait of Gibraltar. For fur-
ther information, see Spain—Submarine Operating Areas. Vessel Traffic Service
The notice “Submarine Exercise Area” on the chart should
not be read to mean that submarines do not operate outside A Vessel Traffic Service provides a traffic control and infor-
such areas. mation service within the territorial waters of Gibraltar and for
vessels proceeding to the anchorage E of Gibraltar. The VTS is
Time Zone mandatory for all vessels with an loa of greater than 8m.
The Time Zone description is ALFA (-1). Daylight Savings tions (Enroute), Western Mediterranean.
Gibraltar—Local Storm Signals

A levante is probable in the Strait of Gibraltar and wave heights of
Black cylinder One green light
2m or more may be expected from the SE.
Black triangle, Three red lights arranged in a
Gale or strong wind probable from E.
point up triangle, point up
Black triangle, Three red lights arranged in a
Gale or strong wind probable from W.
point down triangle, point down
Pub. 140
299
GREECE
General 299 The terrain is mostly mountainous with ranges extending in-
Areas to be Avoided 299 to the sea as peninsulas or chains of islands.
Buoyage System 299
Cautions 299 Areas to be Avoided
Currency 300
Firing Areas 300 An IMO-adopted In the Region of Vorioi Sporadhes Islands
Fishing Areas 305 Area to be Avoided is bounded by lines joining the following
Government 305 positions:
Holidays 305 a. 39°34.0'N, 24°10.0'E.
Industries 306 b. 39°20.0'N, 24°25.0'E.
Languages 306 c. 39°00.0'N, 24°10.0'E.
Meteorology 306 d. 39°00.0'N, 24°00.0'E.
Navigational Information 306 e. 39°02.0'N, 23°51.0'E.
Pilotage 306 f. 39°25.0'N, 23°51.0'E.
Pollution 306 g. 39°30.0'N, 24°00.0'E.
Regulations 306 In order to avoid risk of pollution and damage to the environ-
Search and Rescue 309 ment in the area surrounding the Vorioi Sporadhes Islands,
Submarine Operating Areas 309 which has been designated as a marine sanctuary, all vessels
Time Zone 310 carrying chemical, toxic, or nuclear substances and tankers of
Traffic Separation Schemes 310 over 500 gross tons carrying oil should avoid this area.
U.S. Embassy 310
Vessel Traffic Service 310 Buoyage System
The IALA Buoyage System (Region A) is in effect. See
General Chart No. 1 for further IALA Buoyage System information.
Greece is located in Southern Europe, bordering the Aegean Cautions

Sea, the Ionian Sea, and the Mediterranean Sea, between Alba-
nia and Turkey. Locust Reports
The climate is temperate, with mild wet winters and hot dry See North Atlantic Ocean—Cautions for further informa-
summers. tion.
Pub. 140
300 Greece
Magnetic Anomalies 36°05'N and 36°15'N and 23°45'E and 24°00'E.
Local magnetic anomalies are located, as follows: F. Akra Chondros (Area LGD 89) (Akra Khondhros
1. Off Charsonisos Akrotiri (35°35'N., 24°10'E.). Karos)—Area bounded by lines joining the following po-
2. About 3 miles N of Nisos Tilos (36°26'N., 27°22'E.), sitions:
where a variation of 9°W of normal has been observed. a. 35°33'N, 24°39'E.
b. 35°26'N, 24°39'E.
Marine Farms c. 35°26'N, 24°49'E.
Marine farms and their associated moorings may be found d. 35°29'N, 24°49'E.
anywhere close inshore along the coasts of Greece. G. Akrotiri (Area LGD 90) (E of Khersonisos Akroti-
ri)—Area bounded by lines joining the following posi-
Currency tions:
a. 35°28'00''N, 24°22'00''E.
The official unit of currency is the Euro, consisting of 100 b. 35°36'00''N, 24°22'00''E.
cents. c. 35°36'00''N, 24°12'00''E.
d. 35°31'00''N, 24°12'00''E.
Firing Areas e. 35°28'00''N, 24°08'30''E.
f. 35°27'00''N, 24°10'00''E.
Information concerning firing practice and exercise areas is H. Soudhas (N coast of Kriti)—Akrotiri Practice Area
broadcast by coastal radio stations as Hellenic Navwarnings. (Part of Area LGD 90)—Area bounded by lines joining
If the limits of a pre-designated firing practice range or exer- the following positions:
cise area were to change suddenly, this information would be a. 35°28'46''N, 24°10'16''E.
referred to in the announcement of firing practices or exercises. b. 35°28'09''N, 24°10'26''E.
In addition to the existing pre-designated firing practice c. 35°27'59''N, 24°09'38''E.
ranges and exercise areas, firing practice or exercises may be I. Agioi Apostoloi (Area LGD 91) (W of Khersonisos
executed in other areas not predesignated, in which case an an- Akrotiri)—Between 35°30'36''N and 35°32'56''N and
nouncement will be made at least 48 hours before the start of 23°58'41''E and 24°00'00''E.
the firing practice or exercises, describing the limits of the area, Note.—The above areas are activated with advance
as well as the time and duration of the practice or exercises. warning.
1. Areas Controlled by the Navy.—Submarine Weap- 3. Areas Controlled by the Navy.—Mine Warfare Ex-
ons Firing Practice: ercises:
A. Gulf of Megara (Kolpos Megaron)—Between A. Strymonikos (Area MWE 1) (Strimonikos Kol-
37°52'00''N and 37°56'30''N and 23°11'00''E and pos)—Area bounded by lines joining the following posi-
23°21'00''E. tions:
B. Velopoula (NW of Nisis Velopoula)—Between a. 40°44'20''N, 23°58'00''E.
36°55'N and 37°12'N and 23°05'E and 23°20'E. b. 40°33'40''N, 23°53'00''E.
C. Argoliko (Argolikos Kolpos)—Area bounded by c. 40°39'40''N, 23°45'00''E.
lines joining the following positions: d. 40°45'30''N, 23°45'00''E.
a. 37°09'30''N, 22°59'30''E. B. Atherida (Area MWE 2) (S of Akra Atheridha)—
b. 37°18'00''N, 22°52'00''E. Area bounded by the coast and lines joining the following
c. 37°21'30''N, 22°58'30''E. positions:
d. 37°13'00''N, 23°06'00''E. a. 40°21'50''N, 22°39'25''E. (coast)
Note.—The above areas are periodically activated after an b. 40°20'00''N, 22°43'00''E.
announcement made 48 hours before the start of the firing c. 39°57'07''N, 22°42'17''E. (coast)
practice. C. Epanomi (Area MWE 3) (S of Akra Epanomi)—
Area bounded by the coast and lines joining the following
2. Areas Controlled by the Navy.—Firing Practice positions:
from Ships, Aircraft, and Land Artillery: a. 40°22'45''N, 22°53'20''E. (coast)
A. Myrtoon (Area LGD 83) (SW of Nisos Milos)— b. 40°20'30''N, 22°52'00''E.
Between 36°20'N and 36°40'N and 23°40'E and 24°10'E. c. 40°11'00''N, 23°l7'00''E.
B. Hydra (Area LGD 84) (N of Nisis Velopoula)—Be- d. 40°13'15''N, 23°18'50''E. (coast)
tween 37°00'N and 37°10'N and 23°00'E and 23°36'E. D. Aigina (Area MWE 4) (NW of Nisos Aiyina)—Ar-
C. Petrokaravo (Area LGD 85) (Saronikos Kolpos)— ea bounded by lines joining the following positions:
Between 37°22'N and 37°37'N and 23°35'E and 23°44'E. a. 37°48'00''N, 23°12'40''E.
D. Platia (Area LGD 86) (NW of Nisos Aiyina)—Area b. 37°48'00''N, 23°24'00''E.
bounded by lines joining the following positions: c. 37°45'30''N, 23°24'00''E.
a. 37°47'N, 23°17'E. d. 37°44'30''N, 23°21'00''E.
b. 37°52'N, 23°22'E. e. 37°40'30''N, 23°19'00''E.
c. 37°50'N, 23°26'E. f. 37°40'30''N, 23°13'00''E.
d. 37°44'N, 23°22'E. E. Mesolongi (Area MWE 5) (Patraikos Kolpos)—Ar-
E. Akra Spatha (LGD 88) (N of Kriti)—Between ea bounded by the coast and lines joining the following
Pub. 140
Greece
Pub. 140
Courtesy of the Hellenic Navy Hydrographic Service
301
Greece—Firing Ranges
302
Pub. 140
Greece
Greece—Underwater Practice and Exercise Areas
Greece 303
positions: e. 40°52'00''N, 25°29'00''E.

a. 38°18'36''N, 21°32'00''E. (coast) f. 40°54'30''N, 25°24'10''E.
b. 38°17'00''N, 21°32'00''E. g. 40°54'35''N, 25°23'15''E.
c. 38°19'00''N, 21°39'48''E. B. Asprokavos (S of Nisos Samos)—Defined by a cir-
d. 38°20'48''N, 21°39'48''E. (coast) cle with a radius of 2 miles centered at position
F. Katakolo (Area MWE 6) (Limin Katakolou)—Area 37°38'30''N, 26°53'30''E.
bounded by the coast and lines joining the following posi- C. Avdira Xanthi (NE of Nisos Thasos)—Between
tions: 40°51'N and 40°56'N and 24°55'E and 25°02'E.
a. 37°38'10''N, 21°18'35''E. (coast) D. Koskina Evia (Area LGD 97)—Area bounded by
b. 37°32'00''N, 21°32'00''E. lines joining the following positions:
c. 37°33'40''N, 21°32'40''E. (coast) a. 38°22'20''N, 24°12'50''E.
G. Patra (Area MWE 7) (Patraikos Kolpos)—Area b. 38°32'45''N, 24°14'50''E.
bounded by the coast and lines joining the following posi- c. 38°32'45''N, 24°17'40''E.
tions: d. 38°24'15''N, 24°17'40''E.
a. 38°10'10''N, 21°30'00''E. (coast) E. Litochoro Pierias (Thermaikos Kolpos)—Area
b. 38°12'30''N, 21°30'00''E. bounded by lines joining the following positions:
c. 38°13'30''N, 21°42'00''E. a. 40°07'N, 22°33'E.
d. 38°12'06''N, 21°42'00''E. (coast) b. 40°06'N, 22°39'E.
H. Soudha (Area MWE 8) (N coast of Kriti)—Area c. 40°12'N, 22°39'E.
bounded by lines joining the following positions: d. 40°09'N, 22°32'E.
a. 35°29'40''N, 24°15'02''E. F. Dikela Alexandroupoli (W of Alexandroupolis)—
b. 35°29'10''N, 24°15'08''E. Area bounded by lines joining the following positions:
c. 35°28'48''N, 24°12'22''E. a. 40°51'40''N, 25°39'30''E.
d. 35°29'16''N, 24°12'28''E. b. 40°51'10''N, 25°43'00''E.
I. Almyro (Area MWE 9) (N coast of Kriti)—Area c. 40°47'20''N, 25°37'30''E.
bounded by the coast and lines joining the following posi- d. 40°47'20''N, 25°45'30''E.
tions: Note.—The above areas are activated with advance
a. 35°23'00''N, 24°15'30''E. (coast) warning.
b. 35°23'00''N, 24°22'20''E.
c. 35°21'45''N, 24°22'20''E. (coast) 5. Areas Controlled by the General Staffs.—The fol-
J. Salamis (Area MWE 10) (Nisos Salamis)—Area lowing areas off Crete are utilized for the practice firing of
bounded by lines joining the following positions: ballistic missiles:
a. 37°55'54''N, 23°23'00''E. A. Area A—Area bounded by lines joining the follow-
b. 37°56'36''N, 23°23'00''E. ing positions:
c. 37°56'36''N, 23°27'54''E. a. 35°36'N, 24°07'E.
d. 37°55'54''N, 23°27'54''E. b. 36°18'N, 24°07'E.
K. Kerkyra (Area MWE 11) (Nisos Salamis)—Area c. 36°18'N, 24°47'E.
bounded by lines joining the following positions: d. 35°34'N, 25°08'E.
a. 39°22'48''N, 19°56'00''E. e. 35°31'N, 24°11'E.
b. 39°20'24''N, 20°03'00''E. B. Area A1—Area bounded by lines joining the fol-
c. 39°17'25''N, 20°03'00''E. lowing positions:
d. 39°20'00''N, 19°56'00''E. a. 35°32'N, 24°10'E.
L. Kefalonia (Area MWE 12) (Nisos Salamis)—Area b. 35°37'N, 24°10'E.
bounded by lines joining the following positions: c. 35°37'N, 24°15'E.
a. 38°03'00''N, 20°30'00''E. d. 35°32'N, 24°15'E.
b. 38°03'00''N, 20°36'30''E. C. Area A2—Area bounded by lines joining the fol-
c. 38°00'00''N, 20°36'30''E. lowing positions:
d. 38°00'00''N, 20°30'30''E. a. 35°36'N, 24°07'E.
Note.—The above areas are periodically activated after an b. 35°48'N, 24°07'E.
announcement made 48 hours prior to the start of the exer- c. 35°48'N, 24°28'E.
cises. d. 35°31'N, 24°28'E.
e. 35°31'N, 24°11'E.
4. Areas Controlled by the Army.—Land artillery prac- D. Area B—Area bounded by lines joining the follow-
tice may be scheduled in the following areas. ing positions:
A. Xylagani-Proskiniti (Komotini) (N of Nisos Samo- a. 35°36'N, 24°07'E.
thraki)—Area bounded by lines joining the following po- b. 36°18'N, 24°07'E.
sitions: c. 36°18'N, 25°59'E.
a. 40°54'00''N, 25°18'00''E. d. 35°35'N, 25°58'E.
b. 40°52'00''N, 25°18'00''E. e. 35°31'N, 24°11'E.
c. 40°50'00''N, 25°22'00''E. E. Area C—Area bounded by lines joining the follow-
d. 40°51'00''N, 25°27'00''E. ing positions:
Pub. 140
304 Greece
a. 35°36'N, 24°07'E. c. 40°16'00''N, 23°29'00''E.
b. 36°18'N, 24°07'E d. 40°10'00''N, 23°30'00''E.
c. 36°18'N, 25°59'E. e. 40°08'00''N, 23°25'00''E.
d. 36°25'N, 26°12'E. E. Poteidaia (Area LGD 92) (Thermaikos Kolpos)—
e. 36°16'N, 26°40'E. Area bounded by lines joining the following positions:
f. 35°36'N, 26°41'E. a. 40°13'30''N, 22°58'00''E.
g. 35°31'N, 24°11'E. b. 40°23'00''N, 23°04'45''E.
F. Area R1 (Target Collection)—Defined by a circle c. 40°16'15''N, 23°31'30''E.
with a radius of 1,000m centered at position 35°32'00''N, d. 40°04'30''N, 23°23'00''E.
24°13'00''E. Note.—The range is active daily from 0530UTC until
G. Area R2 (Target Collection)—Defined by a circle 1230UTC, except Saturdays, Sundays, and holidays, by
with a radius of 1,000m centered at position 35°28'00''N, announcement.
24°11'45''E. F. Andravida (Area LGD 93) (E of Nisos Zak-
Note.—Area A, Area B, and Area C are active every inthos)—Area bounded by lines joining the following po-
Wednesday, Thursday, Friday and Saturday from 0530UTC sitions:
until sunset, by announcement. These areas are not active a. 37°51'N, 21°15'E.
during the period from April 1 to October 31, unless there is b. 37°46'N, 21°14'E.
a relevant announcement. c. 37°46'N, 21°20'E.
Area Al and Area A2 are active daily from 0500UTC until d. 37°50'N, 21°19'E.
sunset, except Saturdays, Sundays and holidays, by an- Note.—The range is active Monday to Thursday from
nouncement. 0500UTC to 2100UTC and on Friday from 0500UTC to
All ships passing through the above areas, during the days 1300UTC, except Saturdays, Sundays, and holidays. Area
and hours that they are activated, must monitor VHF chan- LGD 93 and Area LGD94 are never activated simultane-
nels 12 and 16 on which Kriti Firing Control Range Station ously.
(call sign: Namficontrol) broadcasts information. G. Paleochorion (Area LGD 73) (E of Nisos Zak-
inthos)—Area bounded by lines joining the following po-
6. Areas Controlled by the Air Force.—Firing practice sitions:
by aircraft, ships, and land artillery may be scheduled in the a. 37°48'30''N, 21°14'48''E.
following areas, and are normally activated with advance b. 37°47'50''N, 21°05'45''E.
warning: c. 37°41'50''N, 21°07'50''E.
A. Zakynthos (Area LGD 61)—Area bounded by lines d. 37°41'25''N, 21°15'45''E.
joining the following positions: H. Mesara (Area LGD 69) (S coast of Kriti)—Area
a. 37°12'N, 20°18'E. bounded by lines joining the following positions:
b. 37°56'N, 20°00'E a. 35°01'N, 24°36'E.
c. 37°56'N, 20°28'E. b. 35°06'N, 24°10'E.
d. 37°15'N, 20°49'E. c. 35°11'N, 24°10'E.
B. Andros (Area LGD 68) (E of Nisos Andros)—Area d. 35°05'N, 24°36'E.
bounded by lines joining the following positions: I. Nisos Karavia (Area LGD 76) —Area bounded by
a. 38°02'N, 24°52'E. lines joining the following positions:
b. 38°16'N, 25°21'E a. 36°56'N, 23°29'E.
c. 37°48'N, 25°49'E. b. 36°42'N, 23°32'E
d. 37°34'N, 25°23'E. c. 36°41'N, 23°48'E.
e. 37°42'N, 25°01'E. d. 36°47'N, 23°55'E.
f. 38°00'N, 24°52'E. J. Asproneri Zirou (Area LGD 79) (S coast of Kri-
Note.—The range is active daily from sunrise to sunset, ti)—Area bounded by lines joining the following posi-
including Saturdays, Sundays, and holidays, by announce- tions:
ment. a. 35°01'40''N, 26°00'00''E.
C. Psathoura (Area LGD 65) (N of Nisos Psathou- b. 34°54'30''N, 26°01'00''E.
ra)—Area bounded by lines joining the following posi- c. 34°55'30''N, 25°55'30''E.
tions: d. 34°58'40''N, 25°52'20''E.
a. 39°26'00''N, 23°53'00''E. K. Maleme (Area LGD 81) (Kolpos Khanion)—Area
b. 39°43'00''N, 23°40'00''E. bounded by lines joining the following positions:
c. 40°00'30''N, 24°18'00''E. a. 35°29'N, 23°46'E.
d. 39°43'00''N, 24°31'00''E. b. 35°29'N, 23°51'E.
Note.—The range is active daily from 0500UTC until c. 35°34'N, 23°55'E.
1500UTC, except Fridays, Saturdays, Sundays, and holi- d. 35°36'N, 23°49'E.
days, by announcement. e. 35°36'N, 23°46'E.
D. Kasandra (Area LGD 64) (Kolpos Kassandras)— Note.—The range is active daily from sunrise until
Area bounded by lines joining the following positions: 2100UTC, except Saturdays, Sundays, and holidays, by
a. 40°14'30''N, 23°20'30''E. announcement.
b. 40°16'00''N, 23°20'30''E. L. Nea Anchialos (Area LGD 71) (Pagasitikos Kol-
Pub. 140
Greece 305
pos)—Defined by a circle with a radius of 5 miles centered Government

on position 39°13'15''N, 22°48'30''E. The range is a pro-
hibited area. It is active daily from sunrise to sunset, ex-
cept Saturdays, Sundays, and holidays, by announcement.
M. Pagasitikos (Area LGD 82) (Pagasitikos Kolpos)—
Area bounded by lines joining the following positions:
a. 39°18'05''N, 22°48'30''E.
b. 39°10'35''N, 22°48'20''E.
c. 39°17'50''N, 22°58'10''E.
d. 39°10'25''N, 22°57'50''E.
N. Amalias (Area LGD 94) (E of Nisos Zakinthos)—
Area bounded by lines joining the following positions:
a. 37°48'00''N, 21°05'00''E.
b. 37°31'50''N, 21°08'00''E.
c. 37°31'00''N, 21°20'00''E. Flag of Greece
d. 37°48'00''N, 21°17'00''E.
Note.—The range is active Monday to Thursday from Greece is a parliamentary republic. The country is divided
0500UTC to 2100UTC and on Friday from 0500UTC to into 13 regions and one autonomous state.
1300UTC, except Saturdays, Sundays, and holidays. Area Greece is governed by a President elected by the Parliament
LGD 93 and Area LGD94 are never activated simultane- for a 5-year term. The unicameral Parliament consists of 300
ously. directly-elected members serving 4-year terms.
O. Schiza (Area LGD 95) (E of Nisos Zakinthos)—Ar- The legal system is based on codified Roman law.
ea consisting of a circle with a radius of 4 miles centered The capital is Athens.
on position 36°42'20''N, 21°46'30''E and not extending S
of parallel 36°40'00''N. Holidays
Note.—The range is active on Monday from sunrise to
sunset; on Tuesday, Wednesday, and Thursday from sun- The following holidays are observed:
rise to 2100UTC; and on Friday from sunrise to 1000UTC,
except holidays. January 1 New Year’s Day
P. Astros (Area LGD 100) (Argolikos Kolpos)—Area January 6 Epiphany
a. 37°26'15''N, 22°45'20''E. Clean Monday (Start of Variable
b. 37°31'20''N, 22°47'55''E. Lent)
c. 37°29'35''N, 22°51'00''E. March 7 Dodecanese Accession
d. 37°26'30''N, 22°52'00''E. (Rhodes only)
e. 37°24'10''N, 22°51'40''E.
7. Other firing and practice areas.—A circular firing March 10 Kathara Deftera
practice area, with a radius of 970m, is located on the S side March 25 Independence Day
of Ormos Soudas in Ormos Kalyvion and is centered on po-
sition 35°27'55.8''N, 24°11'43.2''E.
It has been reported (2007) that a naval firing area is located Holy Saturday Variable
in the Aegean Sea and is bounded by lines joining the follow-
ing positions:
a. 37°47'N, 23°17'E. Easter Monday Variable
b. 37°52'N, 23°22'E. Easter Tuesday (half day) Variable
c. 37°50'N, 23°26'E.
d. 37°44'N, 23°22'E. May 1 Labor Day
Note.—The range is active daily from 0500UTC until Holy Ghost Variable
1300UTC, except Saturdays, Sundays, and holidays, by an-
nouncement. August 15 Assumption Day
A practice area designated KRITI (35°55'N., 25°25'E.) is October 4 Liberation of Xanthi
used for missile and gunnery firing exercise, as well as target (Xanthi only)
dropping, on a regular basis. Vessels transiting the area should
maintain a listening watch on VHF channels 12 and 16 for October 26 St. Dimitrios Day
broadcasts from NAMFI CONTROL (Thessaloniki only)
October 28 OXI Day
Fishing Areas December 25 Christmas Day
Significant fishing activity takes place in Thermaikos Kolpos December 26 Second Day of
(40°00'N., 23°00'E.). Christmas
Pub. 140
306 Greece
Industries The port authority must be notified by the captain or agent of

the exact hour of sailing, and the notification must be given at
The main industries include tourism, food and tobacco pro- least 2 hours prior to the time of sailing in the case of vessels
cessing, textiles, chemicals, metal products, mining, and petro- lying in the port, and 10 hours prior in case of vessels lying
leum products. outside the port.
The main exports are food and beverages, manufactured Vessels lying in the Gulf of Athens must give such notifica-
goods, petroleum products, chemicals, and textiles. The main tion 24 hours in advance.
export-trading partners are Italy, Germany, Turkey, Cyprus,
and Bulgaria. Pollution
The main imports are machinery, transport equipment, fuels,
and chemicals. The main import-trading partners are Russia, MARPOL Special Area
Germany, Italy, Iraq, China, and the Netherlands. The Mediterranean Sea has been designated as a MARPOL
Languages special mandatory methods for the prevention of oil pollution
in the sea have been adopted.
Greek is the official language. Further information can be found in North Atlantic
Meteorology
Regulations
Marine bulletins in Greek and English are available from the
Hellenic National Meteorological Service: At most of the important ports vessels are subject to regula-
(http://www.hnms.gr). tions, a copy of which should be obtained on arrival.
Copies of Greek Notices to Mariners may be obtained from
Navigational Information local port authorities.
Enroute Volume Quarantine

Pub. 132, Sailing Directions (Enroute) Eastern Mediterra- Reports must be submitted upon arrival unless there has been
nean. a case of contagious disease on board; in this case, a report
should be made by radio prior to arrival. The report should be
Maritime Claims addressed to “Sanidad (name of port) Olympia Radio,” except
The maritime territorial claims of Greece are, as follows: for the port of Kerkyra, where it should be addressed to “Sani-
dad Kerkyra Radio.”
Continental Shelf Depth of 200m or the Limit Under European Union (EU) Directive 2009/16/EC, the Eu-
of Exploitation. ropean Union has introduced a mandatory reporting system for
vessels arriving at or departing from a port or anchorage in the
Maritime Boundary Disputes EU region.
Complex maritime, air, and territorial disputes with Turkey The reports can be sent through either of the following meth-
in the Aegean Sea. ods:
1. By e-mail to [email protected].
Internet Maritime Safety Information 2. By facsimile to the local Coast Guard authorities. The
Navigational warnings are available, in English and Greek, facsimile numbers should be obtained by the vessel’s agent.
from the Hellenic Navy Hydrographic Service: For further information, see North Atlantic Ocean—Regu-
(http://www.hnhs.gr/en). lations—European Union Expanded Inspection (EI) Notifi-
cation.
Pilotage
European Union Dangerous and Polluting Cargo Notifica-
Pilotage is compulsory for all vessels greater than 100 gt. tion
Greek coastal vessels, Greek naval vessels, and naval vessels of Under European Union (EU) Directive 2002/59/EC, as
foreign countries that extend free pilotage to Greek naval ves- amended by EU Directive 2009/17/EC, any vessel over 300
sels are exempt from the payment of pilotage. gross tons and any vessel carrying dangerous or polluting cargo
The pilots, designated by the government and under the ju- bound to or leaving from EU ports should report to the relevant
risdiction of the navy, serve only in an advisory capacity. port authority at least 24 hours in advance.
Pilot vessels are painted black, with a white band 0.45m For further information, see Baltic Sea—Regulations—Eu-
wide on each side. The letter P is painted on both sides. During ropean Union Dangerous and Polluting Cargo Notifica-
daylight hours, pilot vessels display the Greek flag from the tions.
stern and the pilot flag at the bow. At night, the appropriate in-
ternational lights are displayed. Prohibited Areas to Navigation
To call a pilot, a vessel should make one of the signals as Navigation without prior permission from the naval authori-
specified in the International Code of Signals. ties is prohibited in the following areas:
Pub. 140
Greece
Pub. 140

Greece—Prohibited Areas
307
308 Greece
1. Saronikos Kolpos In the S channel, the following conditions apply:
A. Salamina Naval Base (Stenon Navstathmou) a. Southbound vessels have priority of passage over
Salamina area—Lines joining the following positions: northbound vessels.
a. 37°59'51''N, 23°31'19''E. b. Small boats and ferries engaged in local traffic
b. 38°00'03''N, 23°32'53''E. must keep clear of vessels entering or exiting the chan-
c. 37°57'55''N, 23°32'42''E. nel.
d. 37°57'54''N, 23°32'36''E. c. Warships and merchant vessels with pilots have
Skaramangas area—Lines joining the following posi- priority of passage over merchant vessels without pilots.
tions: d. The passage of ships sailing in opposite direc-
a. 37°58'00''N, 23°33'24''E. tions through the channel is prohibited.
b. 37°57'00''N, 23°32'57''E. Passage in both channels is not permitted at a speed
c. 38°00'05''N, 23°33'08''E. greater than 6 knots, except in cases when lower speeds
d. 38°00'21''N, 23°35'08''E. are not sufficient for safe passage. In such cases, only the
e. 38°00'15''N, 23°35'24''E. speed which is absolutely necessary in excess of the limit
Between the above prohibited areas is a channel for nav- is permitted.
igation with a width of 365m. The W side of the channel is B. Ormos Salaminos—The area bound by the meridi-
bounded by a line joining the following positions: ans 23°25'57''E and 23°26'36''E, the parallel 37°56'12''N,
a. 38°00'03''N, 23°32'53''E. and the coast to the S.
b. 37°57'55''N, 23°32'42''E.
The E side of the channel is bounded by a line joining 2. Kikladhes Nisoi
the following positions: A. Nisos Siros to Ormos Foinikos—An area bounded
a. 38°00'05''N, 23°33'08''E. by lines joining the following positions:
b. 37°57'56''N, 23°32'57''E. a. 37°23'16.14''N, 24°52'39.55''E.
The passage of any non-naval vessel through the above b. 37°23'27.00''N, 24°52'39.55''E.
channel as well as through the channel found to the S of it, c. 37°23'27.00''N, 24°52'54.55''E.
which has a width of 240m and a maximum allowable d. 37°23'18.40''N, 24°52'54.55''E.
draft for passage of 10.9m, is permitted under the follow- B. Patraikos Kolpos to Akra Papas—The area up to
ing conditions and restrictions: a distance of 450m from the coast that extends from posi-
a. Foreign flag vessels are permitted passage during tion 38°11'32.7''N, 21°22'17.0''E to position 38°11'33.2''N,
daytime (sunrise to sunset) after receiving permission 21°24'36.9''E.
from the naval base, which is requested via the Central
Harbormaster's Office of Piraeus or Elevsis. 3. Kriti (Crete)
b. Passage during the night (sunset to sunrise) must, A. Ormos Soudhas—The area bounded by lines join-
in principle, be avoided. However, if it is necessary, pas- ing the following positions:
sage may be allowed by permission from Salamina Na- a. 35°27'53''N, 24°09'34''E.
val Base. b. 35°28'46''N, 24°10'10''E.
Permission must be requested through the Harbormas- c. 35°28'46''N, 24°09'24''E.
ter’s Office of Piraievs or Elevsis at least 1 hour in advance d. 35°28'46''N, 24°09'09''E.
of the time of passage and in any case not later than 2000. e. 35°29'40''N, 24°04'46''E.
The request for passage must include the following infor- f. 35°29'25''N, 24°04'38''E.
mation: A second area bounded by lines joining the following
a. Vessel’s name. positions:
b. Nationality. a. 35°30'12''N, 24°10'11''E.
c. Gross tons. b. 35°30'07''N, 24°11'04''E.
d. Length overall. c. 35°28'58''N, 24°10'18''E.
e. Maximum draft during passage. d. 35°28'58''N, 24°09'24''E.
f. Type of cargo. e. 35°28'58''N, 24°09'11''E.
g. Requested time for passage. f. 35°30'04''N, 24°03'49''E.
Vessels using the channel must monitor VHF channels g. 35°30'04''N, 24°03'48''E.
12 and 16. Vessels without a pilot, regardless of flag, be- Between the above prohibited areas is a channel for nav-
fore entering the channel must report their intentions to Pi- igation with a width of 365m. The N side of the channel is
raievs pilot station by RT, or by other means, so as to be bounded by a line joining the following positions:
notified in the event that passage through the channel is a. 35°28'58''N, 24°10'18''E.
prohibited. Salamina Naval Base has the right to postpone, b. 35°28'58''N, 24°09'24''E.
prohibit, or limit passage due to operational or other con- c. 35°28'58''N, 24°09'11''E.
ditions. d. 35°29'50''N, 24°04'52''E.
Pilotage is required 24 hours for foreign flag vessels The S side of the channel is bounded by a line joining
over 150 gross tons. the following positions:
Towing by one or more tugboats is obligatory during the a. 35°29'40''N, 24°04'46''E.
day for vessels over 120m in length, and during the night b. 35°28'46''N, 24°09'09''E.
for vessels over 75m in length. c. 35°28'46''N, 24°09'24''E.
Pub. 140
Greece 309
d. 35°28'46''N, 24°10'10''E. 38°48'25.34''N, 24°24'56.29''E to position

Permission from the naval authorities, requested through 38°48'37.69''N, 24°40'30.74''E.
the Khania Harbormaster's Office, is required for passage
through the above channel during daytime and at night for Search and Rescue
all foreign flag vessels.
The area of the port of Soudhas, which is defined by the The Joint Rescue Coordination Center (JRCC) Pireaus is re-
following positions, is open to navigation and anchorage: sponsible for coordinating search and rescue operations. JRCC
a. 35°29'25''N, 24°04'38''E. Piraeus can be contacted, as follows:
b. 35°29'40''N, 24°04'46''E. 1. Telephone: 30-210-4112500
c. 35°29'51''N, 24°04'51''E. 30-210-4220772 (emergency)
d. 35°30'04''N, 24°03'48''E. 30-210-4191126
B. Ormos Kiriamadhi—The area of the bay E of a 30-210-4191325
line joining the following positions: 30-210-4191703
a. 35°18'14.95''N, 26°17'24.76''E. 30-210-4191704
b. 35°18'02.43''N, 26°17'24.57''E. 2. Facsimile: 30-210-4132398
C. An area bounded by lines joining the following po- 30-210-4115798
sitions: 30-210-4191561
a. 35°28'17.80''N, 24°14'05.58''E. 30-210-4224417
b. 35°27'04.15''N, 24°15'33.46''E. 3. E-mail: [email protected]
c. 35°27'04.28''N, 24°16'52.34''E. The search and rescue area is divided into five subareas,
d. 35°29'11.63''N, 24°16'52.04''E. which can be contacted, as follows:
e. 35°29'11.33''N, 24°14'05.34''E.
4. Dhodhekanisos Telephone Facsimile
A. Nisos Leros to Limin Lakki—Navigation is pro-
hibited in the area up to a distance of 200m from the coast RSC Khania
30-28210-98888
extending from position 37°06'59.0''N, 26°50'31.0''E to (Southwest Aegean 30-28210-28387
30-28210-28388
position 37°07'25.5''N, 26°51'28.0''E. Sea)
B. Nisos Leros to Ormos Partheni—Navigation is RSC Mytilini (Cen- 30-22510-40827
prohibited in the area up to a distance of 350m from the 30-22510-47888
tral Aegean Sea) 30-22510-20320
coast extending from position 37°11'48''N, 26°47'02''E to
RSC Patrai 30-2610-341002
position 37°11'18''N, 26°47'39''E. 30-2610-327136
Navigation is prohibited in the area up to a distance of (Ionian Sea) 30-2610-316400
100m from the coast extending from position 37°11'18''N, RSC Rodos
30-22410-22220
26°48'18''E to position 37°11'26''N, 26°48'16''E. (Southwest Aegean 30-22410-27365
30-22410-27365
C. Tris Mpoukes—Navigation is prohibited in the area Sea)
up to a distance of 250m from the coast extending from
RSC Thessaloniki
position 38°47'15.1''N, 24°35'58.8''E to position
(North Aegean 30-2310-531504 30-2310-531506
38°45'55.9''N, 24°37'03.0''E.
Sea)
D. Approaching the coasts without prior permission
from the naval authorities is prohibited in the following ar-
eas: A network of coast radio stations maintains a continuous lis-
a. Piraievs to Ormos Kanellopoulouar—The en- tening watch for distress traffic on international distress fre-
tire bay up to the line joining the following positions: quencies.
i. 37°56'04.7''N, 23°37'27.1''E.
ii. 37°56'01.0''N, 23°37'28.0''E. Submarine Operating Areas
iii. 37°56'00.6''N, 23°37'39.9''E.
b. Nisos Ayios Yeoryios—The entire coast of the is- Diaporion (N of Nisoi Dhiaporioi)—Bounded by a line
land. joining the following positions:
c. Nisos Poros—The area bounded by lines joining a. 37°50'00''N, 23°10'00''E.
the following positions: b. 37°50'00''N, 23°22'00''E.
i. 37°30'31.4''N, 23°27'10.6''E. c. 37°56'30''N, 23°22'00''E.
ii. 37°30'13.5''N, 23°27'18.6''E. d. 37°56'30''N, 23°10'00''E.
iii. 37°30'16.9''N, 23°27'35.9''E. Aigina (NW of Nisos Aiyina)—Bounded by a line joining
iv. 37°30'28.1''N, 23°27'36.8''E. the following positions:
d. Ormos Ayios Marina—Approaching and land- a. 37°46'00''N, 23°19'00''E.
ing at the naval installations on the N shore of the bay b. 37°46'30''N, 23°19'00''E.
are prohibited. c. 37°46'30''N, 23°20'00''E.
Anchorage and fishing are prohibited up to a distance d. 37°46'00''N, 23°20'00''E.
of 450m from the coast of the same area. Agios Georgios (S of Nisos Yeoryios)—Bounded by a line
e. Akra Limnonari—The area up to a distance of joining the following positions:
100m from the coast extending from position a. 37°12'00''N, 23°50'00''E.
Pub. 140
310 Greece
b. 37°12'00''N, 24°05'00''E. ate on a 24-hour basis.
c. 37°23'00''N, 24°05'00''E. Greek VTS centers are located, as follows:
d. 37°23'00''N, 23°50'00''E. 1. Igoumenitsa (39°30'N., 20°16'E.).
Spetses (S of Nisos Spetsai)—Bounded by a line joining the 2. Kerkira (Corfu) (39°38'N., 19°55'E.).
following positions: 3. Lavrion (Laurium) (37°42'N., 24°04'E.).
a. 36°55'00''N, 23°05'00''E. 4. Patrai (38°15'N., 21°44'E.).
b. 36°55'00''N, 23°20'00''E. 5. Piraeus (Peiraias) (37°57'N., 23°36'E.).
c. 37°12'00''N, 23°20'00''E. 6. Rafina (38°01'N., 24°01'E.).
d. 37°12'00''N, 23°05'00''E. 7. Steno Rion-Andirrion (38°19'N., 21°46'E.).
Drepano (N of Kriti off Akra Drapanon)—Bounded by a Further information on each VTS can be found in the appro-
line joining the following positions: priate Sector of Pub. 132, Sailing Directions (Enroute) Eastern
a. 35°45'00''N, 24°00'00''E. Mediterranean.
b. 35°45'00''N, 24°30'00''E. Participation in Vessel Traffic Services is mandatory for the
c. 35°26'00''N, 24°30'00''E. following vessels:
d. 35°26'00''N, 24°19'00''E. 1. Commercial vessels over 300 gross tons.
e. 35°35'30''N, 24°19'00''E. 2. All vessels with an loa greater than 40m.
f. 35°35'30''N, 24°00'00''E. 3. All vessels restricted in their ability to maneuver.
Khios (S of Khios)—At position 37°56'N, 26°10'E. 4. All vessels carrying dangerous cargo.
Lesvos (S of Lesvos)—At position 38°50'N, 26°00'E. 5. Passenger vessels carrying more than 50 passengers.
Khersonisos Akrotiri (N and E of Khersonisos Akrotiri)— All VTS centers provide the following services:
Bounded by a line joining the following positions: 1. Information services.—Providing and distributing in-
a. 35°45'00''N, 23°50'00''E. formation of interest to shipping, when judged necessary or
b. 35°36'00''N, 23°50'00''E. on request from a vessel. This information may include:
c. 35°36'00''N, 24°06'00''E. a. A report on the position or identity of a vessel.
d. 35°45'00''N, 24°06'00''E. b. The speed of a vessel.
An area extending about 10 miles N and 15 miles E of Kher- c. The destination or intended movement of a vessel.
sonisos Akrotiri (35°35'N., 24°10'E.) between the meridians of d. Information regarding weather conditions.
24°00'E and 24°30'E. 2. Navigational assistance services.—Providing infor-
Greek submarines operating on the surface display an all mation, as follows:
round orange light showing about 80 flashes per minute. a. Adverse meteorological conditions.
b. Situations where pilotage is difficult.
c. Situations where a vessel’s equipment is missing,
Time Zone inadequate, or malfunctioning, in order to assist the master
or pilot with making correct decisions.
The Time Zone description is BRAVO (-2). Daylight Sav- 3. Traffic organization services.—Providing the follow-
ings Time (CHARLIE (-3)) is observed from the last Sunday in ing:
March until the last Sunday in October. a. Management and control of vessel traffic.
b. Control of priority sequencing of vessels entering or
Traffic Separation Schemes leaving a harbor.
c. Forward planning of vessel movements in an area to
Traffic Separation Schemes in Greece are, as follows: avoid high levels of congestion.
1. Saronikos Kolpos (IMO-adopted). The following vessels, when in a VTS area, are required to
2. Approaches to Thessaloniki (IMO-adopted). maintain a listening watch on the prescribed VHF channel and
to report to the appropriate VTS center:
U.S. Embassy 1. Any cargo vessel of 300 gt and over.
2. Any passenger vessel capable of carrying more than 50
The U.S. Embassy is situated at 91 Vasilissis Sophias Ave- passengers.
nue, 10160 Athens. 3. Any vessel carrying dangerous cargo.
The mailing address is PSC 108, APO AE (09842-0108). 4. Any vessel characterized as, according to the Interna-
tional Rules for the Prevention of Collisions at Sea, a vessel
restricted in its ability to maneuver.
U. S. Embassy Greece Home Page
5. Any power-driven vessel with a length of 50m and
http://athens.usembassy.gov
over.
The following reports are made by vessels sailing within a
Vessel Traffic Service VTS area:
1. Initial Report.—Submitted at least 15 minutes prior
The purpose of a Vessel Traffic Service (VTS) center is to to, and not more than 30 minutes before, entry of the vessel
collect, manage, assess, and promulgate any information relat- into the VTS area. The report should contain the following
ing to marine vessel traffic, the safety of life at sea, the safety information:
of navigation, the protection of the marine environment, search a. Vessel name, flag, call sign, MMSI number, type of
and rescue, and marine transport in general. VTS centers oper- vessel, and IMO identification number.
Pub. 140
Greece 311
b. Position. 4. Final Report.—Submitted at least 15 minutes prior to

c. Destination and ETA. the vessel leaving the VTS area. The report should contain
d. Course and speed. the following information:
e. Time and point of entry into the VTS area. a. Vessel name, flag, and call sign.
f. Cargo. For dangerous cargo, indicate the quantity, b. Position.
location within the vessel, and IMO classification. c. Destination.
g. Draft and maximum height above the waterline. 5. Interim Report.—Submitted only on request from a
h. Quantity and type of fuels and petroleum residues. VTS Center and includes such information as requested by
i. Number of crew and passengers, if any. the VTS Center.
j. Number of vehicles (by category). 6. Correction Report.—Submitted to the VTS Center, as
k. Owner’s agent or representative. follows:
Scheduled passenger ferries or passenger/vehicle ferries a. When the vessel intends to maneuver differently
need only submit the vessel name and the information con- from what has previously been reported.
tained in c, e, f, and j above. b. When there is a substantial deviation from informa-
The Initial Report is considered to be the vessel’s sailing tion that has previously been reported.
plan and must be followed exactly. 7. Special Report.—Submitted to the VTS Center, in-
2. Arrival Report.—Submitted at least 15 minutes after cluding the name, flag, and call sign of the vessel, when any
the mooring, berthing, or anchoring of the vessel. The report of the following occur:
should contain the following information: a. Any situation which affects in any way the normal
a. Vessel name and call sign. sailing of the vessel (fire, mechanical defect, steering ca-
b. Position and time of mooring or anchoring. sualty, etc.).
3. Departure Report.—Submitted at least 15 minutes b. Another vessel in difficulty or which has been in-
prior to departure from the vessel’s moored or anchored po- volved in an accident.
sition. The report should contain the following information: c. Any hazard to navigational in the area.
a. Vessel name and call sign. d. The malfunctioning, failure, absence, or incorrect
b. ETD. position of an aid to navigation.
c. Cargo. For dangerous cargo, indicate the quantity, e. Unexpected changes in weather conditions.
location within the vessel, and IMO classification. f. Pollution.
d. Quantity and type of fuels and petroleum residues. g. Any substantial change to information that has pre-
e. Number of crew and passengers, if any. viously been reported in relation to the above.
Scheduled passenger ferries or passenger/vehicle ferries Note.—Vessels which are required to carry Automatic Iden-
need only submit the vessel name and the number of passen- tification (AIS) equipment are not required to report the details
gers and vehicles, by category. of their position, course, and speed, unless specified otherwise
If a Departure Report has been submitted, no Initial Report by the VTS center. These vessels are not exempt from other
is required. provisions of these regulations.
Pub. 140
313
GRENADA
General 313 1. Range lights may not be as charted or are poorly situat-
Buoyage System 313 ed.
Cautions 313 2. Lights are unreliable and frequently not lit.
Currency 313 3. Buoys may be poorly positioned relative to the danger
Government 313 they mark. When removed, it may be a long time before they
Holidays 314 are replaced.
Industries 314
Pilotage 314 Extensive local fishing takes place around the island.
Ship Reporting System 314 Currency
Signals 314
Time Zone 315 The official unit of currency is the East Caribbean dollar,
U.S. Embassy 315 consisting of 100 cents.
General Government
Grenada is located in the Caribbean Sea, N of Trinidad and
Tobago.
The climate is tropical, tempered by the Northeast Trade
Winds, although at times it may be uncomfortable. The dry
season lasts from January to May.
The terrain is volcanic in origin, with central mountains
forming a ridge running down the center of the island.
Buoyage System
Flag of Grenada
Chart No. 1 for further IALA Buoyage System information. Grenada is an independent commonwealth of the United
Navigational lights and buoys in the Grenadines should be Kingdom. The country is divided into six parishes and one de-
used with caution. Past problems have included the following: pendency.
Pub. 140
314 Grenada
Elizabeth II, recognized as the Chief of State, appoints a Maritime Claims
Governor-General. The Governor-General appoints the Prime The maritime territorial claims of Grenada are, as follows:
Minister after legislative elections. The bicameral Parliament
consists of an appointed 13-member Senate and a directly- Territorial Sea * 12 miles.
elected 15-member House of Representatives, serving 5-year
terms. Contiguous Zone 24 miles.
The legal system is based on English common law. Fisheries or Economic 200 miles.
The capital is Saint George’s. Zone
Continental Shelf 200 miles.
Holidays
The following holidays are observed: sion or notification for innocent passage of warships in the
territorial sea.
February 7 Independence Day Pilotage
Good Friday Variable Pilotage is compulsory for vessels of more than 200 gt. Pi-
Holy Saturday Variable lots meet vessels NE of Annas Shoal and will take a vessel in at
night.
Easter Monday Variable Search and Rescue
May 1 Labor Day The Grenada Coast Guard operates the Maritime Rescue Co-
Whitsunday Variable ordination Subcenter (MRSC) Grenada and is responsible for
the coordination of search and rescue operations. MRSC Gre-
Whitmonday Variable
nada can be contacted, as follows:
Corpus Christi Variable 1. Telephone: 1-473-4441931
First Monday and Tuesday Emancipation Day 1-473-4441932
in August 2. Facsimile: 1-473-4442839
Second Monday and Tues- Carnival Ship Reporting System

day in August
October 25 Thanksgiving Day CARICOM (Caribbean Community) Advance Passenger
December 25 Christmas Day CARICOM APIS is a mandatory reporting system providing
December 26 Boxing Day Advance Passenger Information (API) about passengers and
crew to the Joint Regional Communications Center (JRCC)
Industries CARICOM area. Further information can be found in Carib-
The main industries include food and beverages, textiles,
light assembly operations, tourism, and construction.
The main exports are bananas, cocoa, nutmeg, fruits and Signals
vegetables, clothing, and mace. The main export-trading part-
ners are Nigeria, Saint Lucia, Antigua and Barbuda, Saint Kitts Visual storms signals are displayed by day, in St. George’s
and Nevis, Dominica, and the United States. Harbor, as follows:
The main imports are food, manufactured goods, machinery,
chemicals, and fuels. The main import-trading partners are Signal Meaning
Trinidad and Tobago and the United States. Winds of 28 to 33 knots
expected.
Languages
One square red flag, with Winds of 34 to 63 knots
English is the official language. French is also spoken. a centered black square expected.
Two square red flags, with
Navigational Information Winds over 63 knots ex-
a centered black square,
pected.
vertically disposed
Enroute Volume
Pub. 147, Sailing Directions (Enroute) Caribbean Sea Vol- Note.—At night, two red lights, vertically disposed,
ume 1. are shown when winds over 63 knots are expected.
Pub. 140
Grenada 315

The Time Zone description is QUEBEC (+4). Daylight Sav- P.O. Box 302
ings Time is not observed. Bridgetown 11000
2. U. S. address—
Unit 3120
U.S. Embassy APO AA (34055)
The U.S. Ambassador to Barbados is accredited to Grenada U. S. Embassy Barbados Home Page
The embassy is situated in Wildey Business Park, Wildey, St. http://barbados.usembassy.gov
Michael, Bridgetown, Barbados.
Pub. 140
317
GUADELOUPE
General 317 1. November to April—Cool season.

Buoyage System 317 2. April to July—Warm and dry season.
Currency 317 3. July to November—Warm and wet season.
Firing Areas 317 Guadeloupe lies in the hurricane belt. The hurricane season
Government 317 is from July until November.
Holidays 318
Industries 318 Buoyage System
Languages 318
Meteorology 318 The IALA Buoyage System (Region B) is in effect. See
Navigational Information 318 Chart No. 1 for further IALA Buoyage System information.
Regulations 318
Search and Rescue 318 Currency
Time Zone 318 The official unit of currency is the Euro, consisting of 100
U.S. Embassy 318 cents.
Firing Areas
General
A firing practice area established NW of Basse-Terre extends
Guadeloupe is an archipelago of nine inhabited islands locat- about 3.5 miles from the coast between latitude 16°04'N on the
ed in the central portion of the Leeward Islands. Basse-Terre is N and latitude 16°00'N on the S.
volcanic in origin and contains interior mountains; an active
volcano, from which smoke is always visible and flames are Government
frequently visible, lies on the S end of the island. Grande-Terre
is a low limestone formation surrounded by coral reefs. Most Guadeloupe is an overseas department of France. The island
of the remaining islands are volcanic in origin. elects two senators to the French Senate and four deputies to
Saint Barthelemy and Saint Martin lie about 135 miles NW the French National Assembly.
of Guadeloupe. The S half of the island of Saint Marten is part Guadeloupe is administered by the directly-elected General
of the Netherlands Antilles. Council, consisting of 42 members serving 6-year terms, and
The subtropical climate of the islands is moderated by the the directly-elected Regional Council, consisting of 41 mem-
trade winds. Rainfall is abundant in the mountains of Basse- bers serving 6-year terms.
Terre but is sparse over Grande-Terre. There are three distinct The legal system is based on French law.
seasons, as follows: The capital is Basse-Terre.
Pub. 140
318 Guadeloupe
Meteorology
Weather information is available in French from Meteo
France Antilles-Guyana (http://www.meteo.gp).
Enroute Volume
ume 1.
Maritime Claims
Flag of Guadeloupe The maritime territorial claims of Guadeloupe are, as fol-
lows:
January 1 New Year’s Day Zone
Good Friday Variable Continental Shelf Depth of 200m or the Limit
Easter Sunday Variable of Exploitation.
Easter Monday Variable * Claims straight baselines.
May 1 Labor Day
Regulations
May 8 World War II Victory
Day Vessels in transit or stationary within the territorial waters,
Ascension Day Variable except when alongside in port, should maintain a continuous
listening watch on VHF channel 16 and respond to calls by of-
Whitsunday Variable ficial vessels and French coast radio stations.
Whitmonday Variable Vessels over 1,600 gt must remain at least 10 miles off the
coast of Guadeloupe, Saint Barthelemy, and Saint Martin, ex-
July 14 Bastille Day cept when in waiting areas or when using approach or access
August 15 Assumption Day channels.
November 1 All Saints’ Day
Search and Rescue
November 11 Armistice Day
See Martinique—Search and Rescue.
Industries The SURNAV system is intended to prevent accidental pol-
lution in the territorial waters of Guadeloupe and Martinique as
The main industries include sugarcane and pineapple pro- well as in the waters within 50 miles of the coast of Guade-
duction, sugar refining, tourism, food processing, rum, and ce- loupe and Martinique.
ment. For further information, see Martinique—Ship Reporting
The main exports are bananas, sugar, rum, melons, and System.
spring water. The main export-trading partners are France and
Martinique. Time Zone
The main imports are foodstuffs, fuels, vehicles, clothing
and other consumer goods, and construction materials. The The Time Zone description is QUEBEC (+4). Daylight Sav-
main import-trading partner is France. ings Time is not observed.
Languages U.S. Embassy

French is the official language; however, a majority of the Guadeloupe is an overseas department of France. There is no
population speaks a Creole dialect. diplomatic representation.
Pub. 140
319
GUATEMALA
General 319 The terrain is mostly mountains with narrow coastal plains
Buoyage System 319 and rolling limestone plateaus.
Currency 320 The entire Pacific coast is bordered by a 30 mile wide belt of
Fishing Areas 320 tropical lowland backed inland by high mountainous country
Government 320 of volcanic origin. Many of the peaks of this range rise to ele-
Holidays 320 vations in excess of 3,658m.
Industries 320 The Pacific slope of this range is the most densely-populated
Languages 320 section of the country. Violent earthquakes are a frequent oc-
Navigational Information 320 currence and in the past have caused considerable damage to
Search and Rescue 320 the capital city of Guatemala.
Time Zone 321 The N part of the country contains the great plain of Peten, a
U.S. Embassy 321 low, humid, and heavily-forested area which comprises about
one-third of the total territory of the state.
General The greater part of this region is uncultivated, although many
districts have extremely fertile soils and an abundance of water.
Guatemala, the northernmost Central American country, is
bordered by Mexico to the N and W, by Belize to the NE, and Buoyage System
by Honduras and El Salvador to the E. It has about 70 miles of
coast on the Caribbean side and 220 miles on the Pacific side. The IALA Buoyage System (Region B) is in effect. See
San Jose is the largest port on the Pacific coast. Chart No. 1 for further IALA Buoyage System information.
The climate is tropical; hot and humid in the lowlands, and Many lights have been reported as extinguished, irregular, or
cooler in the highlands. unreliable.
Pub. 140
320 Guatemala
Currency Industries
The official unit of currency is the quetzal, consisting of 100 The principal industries are sugar, textiles and clothing, fur-
centavos. niture, chemicals, petroleum, metals, rubber, and tourism.
The main exports are coffee, sugar, petroleum, clothing, ba-
Fishing Areas nanas, fruits and vegetables, cardamom, manufactured prod-
ucts, precious stones, metals, and electricity. The main export-
The coastal areas along the Caribbean Sea are extensively trading partners are the United States, El Salvador, Honduras,
fished by local vessels working out of small harbors and rivers. and Nicaragua.
The main imports are fuels, machinery and transportation
Government equipment, construction materials, grain, fertilizers, electricity,
mineral products, chemical products, and plastics. The main
import-trading partners are the United States, China, Mexico,
and El Salvador.
Languages
Spanish is the official language. There are 23 recognized
Amerindian languages.
Flag of Guatemala Enroute Volumes
Guatemala is a republic with a traditionally dominant execu- ume 2.
tive. The country is divided into 22 departments. Pub. 153, Sailing Directions (Enroute) West Coasts of Mexi-
Guatemala is governed by a directly-elected President who co and Central America.
serves a 4-year term. The Council of Ministers is appointed by
the President. The unicameral Congress consists of 158 mem- Maritime Claims
bers elected through a party-list proportional representation The maritime territorial claims of Guatemala are, as follows:
system serving 4-year terms.
The capital is Guatemala City. Territorial Sea * 12 miles.
Holidays Zone
of Exploitation.
January 1 New Year’s Day * Claims Bahia de Amatique as a historic bay.
Good Friday Variable Search and Rescue
A Maritime Rescue Coordination Center is located at the
Easter Sunday Variable Joint Operations Center, Guatemala City, for both the Atlantic
May 1 Labor Day coast and the Pacific coast and can be contacted, as follows:
June 30 Army Day
Telephone Facsimile
MRCC Atlantic Naval Base
September 15 Independence Day
502-79483102
October 20 Revolution Day 502-79483127
502-79483848
MRCC Pacific Naval Base
December 24 Christmas Eve (half day)
502-78811056
December 25 Christmas Day 502-78811057
502-78811057
December 31 New Year’s Eve (half day)
Pub. 140
Guatemala 321
Guatemala is part of the Corporacion Centroamericana de Time Zone

Servicios de Navegacion Aerea (COCESNA), the Central
American aeronautical search and rescue network. Rescue The Time Zone description is SIERRA (+6). Daylight Sav-
Sub-Center (RSC) Guatemala works with RCC Centro Ameri- ings Time is not observed.
ca and can be contacted, as follows:
1. Telephone: 502-226-06538 U.S. Embassy
502-226-06379
2. Facsimile: 502-226-06538 The U.S. Embassy is situated at 7-01 Avenida Reforma,
502-226-06379 Zone 10, Guatemala City.
3. E-mail: [email protected] The mailing address is APO AA (34024).
[email protected]
[email protected] U. S. Embassy Guatemala Home Page
Further information on COCESNA can be found in Hondu- http://guatemala.usembassy.gov
ras—Search and Rescue.
Pub. 140
323
GUINEA

Buoyage System 323
Cautions 323 Fishing vessels, many of which may be unlit, may be en-
Currency 323 countered off the entire coast of Guinea.
Government 323 Local magnetic anomalies exist in the vicinity of Iles de Los,
Holidays 324 on the S side of Baie de Sangarea. Compass deflections of 6°
Industries 324 have been reported approaching Ile Tombo (9°31'N., 13°43'W)
Languages 324 and of nearly 3° near Ile Tamara (9°30'N., 13°49'W).
Ship Reporting System 324 Currency
Time Zone 324
U.S. Embassy 324 The official unit of currency is the Guinean franc, consisting
of 100 centimes.
General
Government
Guinea lies on the W coast of Africa between Guinea-Bissau
and Sierra Leone and has a coastline of 170 miles on the Atlan-
tic Ocean. The coastal plain has an irregular and swampy
shoreline and extends inland for 50 miles.
All parts of Guinea have a humid tropical climate. Tempera-
ture ranges at Conakry from a daily high of 30°C to a low of
23°C. Rainfall is heavy and is more than 3,810mm along the
coast.
Buoyage System
Chart No. 1 for further IALA Buoyage System information. Flag of Guinea
Aids to navigation in Guinea are unreliable. Lights may be
extinguished; buoys and beacons may be missing, unlit, or out Guinea is a republic. The country is divided into seven re-
of position. gions and one special governorate.
Pub. 140
324 Guinea
Guinea is governed by a directly-elected President who own language.
serves a 5-year term. The Prime Minister and the Council of
Ministers are appointed by the President. The unicameral 114- Navigational Information
member People’s National Assembly is directly-elected to
serve 5-year terms. Enroute Volume
The legal system is based on French civil law, customary Pub. 143, Sailing Directions (Enroute) West Coast of Europe
law, and decree. and Northwest Africa.
The capital is Conakry.
Maritime Claims
Holidays The maritime territorial claims of Guinea are, as follows:
The following holidays are observed: Territorial Sea 12 miles.

April 3 Second Republic Day Continental Shelf 200 miles or the
Easter Monday Variable Continental Margin.
May 1 Labor Day
May 25 OAU Anniversary Ship Reporting System
Gulf of Guinea Voluntary Reporting System.—For further
October 2 Independence Day information, see North Atlantic Ocean—Ship Reporting
System.
moon, include Eid Al-Fitr (End of Ramadan), Tabaski, and the Time Zone
Prophet’s Birthday.
Industries is not observed.
The main industries are mining (bauxite, gold, iron, and dia-
monds), light manufacturing, and agricultural processing. U.S. Embassy
The main exports are bauxite, gold, diamonds, coffee, fish,
and agricultural products. The main export-trading partners are The U.S. Embassy is situated at Koloma, E of Hamdallaye
India, Spain, Ireland, Germany, Belgium, and Ukraine. Circle, Conakry.
The main imports are petroleum products, metals, machin- The mailing address is P. O. Box 603, Transversale No. 2,
ery, transport equipment, textiles, grain, and foodstuffs. The Centre Administratif de Koloma, Commune de Ratoma, Cona-
main import-trading partners are China and the Netherlands. kry.
Languages U. S. Embassy Guinea Home Page

http://gn.usembassy.gov
French is the official language. Each ethnic group has its
Pub. 140
325
GUINEA-BISSAU

Buoyage System 325
Cautions 325 Fishing vessels may be encountered off the entire coast of
Currency 325 Guinea-Bissau.
Government 325
Holidays 326 Currency
Industries 326
Languages 326 The official unit of currency is the Communaute Financiere
Navigational Information 326 Africaine franc (CFAF), consisting of 100 centimes.
Time Zone 326
U.S. Embassy 326 Government
General
Guinea-Bissau lies on the W coast of Africa. Its neighbors
are Senegal on the N, Guinea on the E and SE, and the Atlantic
Ocean on the W and NW.
The climate is hot and humid, with a monsoonal-type rainy
season (June to November) with SW winds and a dry season
(December to May) with NE harmattan winds. The annual
rainfall ranges from 1,270 to 3,050mm.
The coast is heavily indented by deep inlets or gulfs. Off the Flag of Guinea-Bissau
coast, many islands are separated from the mainland by creeks.
Guinea-Bissau is a republic. The country is divided into nine
Buoyage System regions.
Guinea-Bissau is governed by a directly-elected President
The IALA Buoyage System (Region A) is in effect. See who serves a 5-year term. The unicameral National People’s
Chart No. 1 for further IALA Buoyage System information. Assembly consists of 102 directly-elected members serving 4-
Aids to navigation in Guinea-Bissau, including those in the year terms.
Rio Cacheu, are unreliable. Lights may be extinguished; buoys The legal system is based on Portuguese and French civil
and beacons may be missing, unlit, or out of position. law.
Pub. 140
326 Guinea-Bissau
The capital is Bissau. and Northwest Africa.

The maritime territorial claims of Guinea-Bissau are, as fol-
The following holidays are observed: lows:

January 20 Death of Amilcar Cabral Fisheries or Economic 200 miles.
Zone
March 8 International Women’s
Day Continental Shelf 200 miles or the Continen-
tal Margin.
May 1 May Day
August 3 Pidjiguiti Day
December 25 Christmas Day Ship Reporting System
Islamic holidays, which are subject to the appearance of the Gulf of Guinea Voluntary Reporting System.—For further
moon, include Eid Al-Fitr (End of Ramadan) and Eid Al-Adha. information, see North Atlantic Ocean—Ship Reporting
System.
Industries
The main industries are agriculture, beer, and soft drinks. Time Zone
The main exports are cashew nuts, fish, shrimp, peanuts,
palm kernels, and sawn lumber. The main export-trading part- The Time Zone description is ZULU. Daylight Savings Time
ners are India, Nigeria, China, and Togo. is not observed.
The main imports are foodstuffs, machinery and transport
equipment, and petroleum products. The main import-trading
partners are Portugal, Senegal, China, and Spain. U.S. Embassy
The U.S. Embassy suspended operations on 14 June 1998.
Languages The U. S. Ambassador to Senegal is accredited to Guinea-
Portuguese is the official language. Crioulo and other indige- Bissau. The U.S. Embassy is situated on Route des Almandies,
nous African languages are also spoken. Dakar, Senegal.
The mailing address is B. P. 49, Dakar.
U. S. Embassy Senegal Home Page
Enroute Volume http://dakar.usembassy.gov
Pub. 140
327
HAITI
Buoyage System 327 Many lights have been reported as extinguished, irregular, or
Currency 327 unreliable.
Government 327
Industries 328
Languages 328 The official unit of currency is the gourde, consisting of 100
Navigational Information 328 centimes.
Regulations 328
Time Zone 329
Government
U.S. Embassy 329
General
Haiti, occupying the western third of the island of Hispanio-
la, is composed mostly of mountains which reach the coast in
many places. The highest of the three major mountain ranges is
about 2,680m.
There are several large fertile plains among the mountains.
The coast line is quite irregular producing numerous small
bays and coves.
The largest river, the Riviere de I’Artibonite, is navigable by
small craft for about 100 miles. Flag of Haiti
The tropical climate produces annual coastal temperature ex-
tremes between 20°C and 37°C. Rainfall patterns vary Haiti is a republic. The country is divided into ten depart-
throughout the island but at the capital city annual rainfall aver- ments.
ages 1,372mm. Haiti is governed by a directly-elected President who serves
a 5-year term. The bicameral National Assembly is composed
Buoyage System of a directly-elected 30-member Senate, who serve 6-year
terms, and a directly-elected 118-member Chamber of Depu-
The IALA Buoyage System (Region B) is in effect. See ties, who serve 4-year terms.
Pub. 140
328 Haiti
The legal system is based on Roman civil law and influenced Languages
by the Napoleanic Code.
The capital is Port-au-Prince. French and Creole are the official languages.
Holidays
Enroute Volume
The following holidays are observed: Pub. 147, Sailing Directions (Enroute) Caribbean Sea Vol-
ume 1.
January 1 New Year’s Day/Inde-
pendence Day Maritime Claims
The maritime territorial claims of Haiti are, as follows:
January 2 Ancestor’s Day
April 7 Death of Toussaint Territorial Sea * 12 miles.
Louverture
Contiguous Zone ** 24 miles.
April 14 Americas Day
Carnival Variable Zone
Good Friday Variable Continental Shelf Limit of Exploitation.
Easter Sunday Variable * Draws the territorial sea limits in a manner which im-
May 1 Labor Day plies straight baselines, including across the mouth of the
Golfe de la Gonave.
May 18 Flag Day and Univer-
sity Day ** Also considered a security zone.
May 22 Sovereignty and

Thanksgiving Day
Claims U.S.-administered Navassa Island (18°24'N.,
Ascension Day Variable 75°01'W.).
Regulations
October 8 Death of Henri Chris- General
tophe Vessels are prohibited from entering Haitian ports between
the hours of 1800 and 0600.
October 17 Death of Jean-Jacques
Dessalines Notice of Arrival Procedures
October 24 United Nations Day Shipping companies engaged in international trade with Hai-
ti are requested to have their vessel masters provide a report to
November 1 All Saints’ Day the Autorite Portuaire Nationale (APN) in accordance with the
November 2 All Souls’ Day Notice of Arrival procedures contained in the APN web site,
using the links Telechargements and Notice of Arrival.
November 18 Vertieres Day (Armed
Forces Day)
APN Home Page
December 5 Discovery of Haiti http://apn.gouv.ht
Vessels bound for Haitian ports shall comply with the APN
72-hour notification requirements. Vessels arriving from ports
Industries in the greater Caribbean need to submit this information 24
hours prior to arrival. The notification form and instructions for
The main industries are agriculture, sugar refining, flour completion can be found at the APN web site. To minimize
milling, textiles, cement, and light assembly industries based congestion, all ETA information should be sent by e-mail, as
on imported parts. follows:
The main exports are reassembled manufactured goods, 1. Director of Operations: [email protected]
clothing, coffee, oils, cocoa, and mangoes. The main export- 2. Designated Authority: [email protected]
trading partner is the United States.
The main imports are food, manufactured goods, machinery Search and Rescue
and transport equipment, fuels, and raw materials. The main
import-trading partners are the Dominican Republic, the Unit- The Maritime Rescue Coordination Center (MRCC) Sema-
ed States, Netherlands Antilles, and China. nah of the Haitian Maritime Navigation Service is responsible
Pub. 140
Haiti 329
for coordinating search and rescue operations and can be con- Tabarre, Port-au-Prince.
tacted by telephone (509-2222-6336, 509-2222-7048, or 509- The mailing addresses are, as follows:
2222-8858). 1. Haiti address—
P.O. Box 1634
Time Zone Port-au-Prince
2. U. S. address—
The Time Zone description is ROMEO (+5). Daylight Sav- Department of State
ings Time (QUEBEC (+4)) is observed from the second Sun- 3400 Port-au-Prince Place
day in March until the first Sunday in November. Washington, DC (20521-3400)
U.S. Embassy U. S. Embassy Haiti Home Page

http://haiti.usembassy.gov
The U.S. Embassy is situated at Tabarre 41, Route de
Pub. 140
331
HONDURAS
Buoyage System 331 Many lights have been reported as extinguished, irregular, or
Cautions 331 unreliable.
Currency 331
Fishing Areas 331 Cautions
Government 331
Holidays 332 It was reported (1998) that, due to a severe hurricane hitting
Industries 332 the coast, all aids to navigation were either destroyed or are un-
Languages 332 reliable. Local authorities should be consulted.
Time Zone 333
U.S. Embassy 333 The official unit of currency is the lempira, consisting of 100
centavos.
General
Fishing Areas
Honduras is located in Central America, bordering the Ca-
ribbean Sea, between Guatemala and Nicaragua and bordering The coastal areas on the Caribbean Sea coast are extensively
the North Pacific Ocean, between El Salvador and Nicaragua. fished by local vessels working out of small harbors and rivers.
Honduras has a 400 mile coastline along the Caribbean Sea Fishing vessels are also found on Miskito Bank (14°28'N.,
and a short 40 mile Pacific outlet in the Golfo de Fonseca. It 82°42'W.).
shares borders with Nicaragua, Guatemala and El Salvador.
The terrain is predominately mountainous, with a narrow Government
plain on the Pacific side and a wide coastal plain on the Carib-
bean side. The high mountain ranges in the interior rise to ele- Honduras is a democratic constitutional republic. The coun-
vations of about 3,048m in places, but elsewhere, the heights try is divided into 18 departments.
rarely exceed 1,524m. Honduras is governed by a directly-elected President who
Both coastal areas are typically tropical with a hot, humid serves a 4-year term. The Cabinet is appointed by the Presi-
climate. The climate is temperate in the mountains. dent. The unicameral National Congress is composed of 128
members, serving 4-year terms, elected by proportional repre-
Buoyage System sentation.
The legal system is based on Roman civil law, Spanish civil
The IALA Buoyage System (Region B) is in effect. See law, and English common law.
Pub. 140
332 Honduras
Enroute Volumes
ume 2.
Pub. 153, Sailing Directions (Enroute) West Coasts of Mexi-
co and Central America.
Maritime Claims
The maritime territorial claims of Honduras are, as follows:
Flag of Honduras
The capital is Tegucigalpa.
Holidays Zone
The following holidays are observed: Continental Shelf 200 miles or the Continen-
tal Margin.
January 1 New Year’s Day * Claims straight baselines. Claims Golfo de Fonseca as a
Holy Thursday Variable historic bay.

Holy Saturday Variable Colombia, Honduras, Nicaragua, Jamaica, and the United
Easter Sunday Variable States assert various claims to Bajo Nuevo and Serranilla
Bank.
April 14 Panamerican Day Advised by the ICJ to adopt a tripartite resolution with El
May 1 Labor Day Salvador and Nicaragua to establish a maritime boundary in
Golfo de Fonseca which considers Honduran access to the Pa-
September 15 Independence Day cific Ocean.
October 3 Francisco Morazan’s Conejo Island, in Golfo de Fonseca, claimed by El Salvador.
Birthday Claims Sapodilla Cays (16°07'N., 88°16'W.) off the coast of
Belize. This area is being run as a joint ecological park be-
October 12 Columbus Day (Dia de tween the two countries.
la Raza)
October 21 Armed Forces Day Search and Rescue
December 25 Christmas Day The aeronautical search and rescue agency responsible for
all countries in Central America is RCC Centro America,
which can be contacted, as follows:
Industries 1. Telephone: 504-22343360 ext. 1318 and 1310
2. Facsimile: 504-22342488
The main industries are sugar, coffee, textiles, clothing, 504-22331116
wood products, and cigars. 3. E-mail: [email protected]
The main exports are apparel, coffee, shrimp, wire harness- [email protected]
ing, cigars, bananas, gold, palm oil, fruit, lobster, and lumber. [email protected]
The main export-trading partners are the United States, Germa- The following countries are part of the Corporacion Cen-
ny, El Salvador, Guatemala, and Nicaragua. troamericana de Servicios de Navegacion Aerea (COCESNA),
The main imports are communications equipment, machin- the Central American aeronautical search and rescue network:
ery and transportation equipment, industrial raw materials, 1. Belize.
chemicals, fuels, and foodstuffs. The main import-trading part- 2. Costa Rica.
ners are the United States, China, Guatemala, Mexico and El 3. El Salvador.
Salvador. 4. Guatemala.
5. Honduras.
Languages 6. Nicaragua.
Each country has a rescue sub-center (RSC) working in con-
Spanish is the official language. Amerindian dialects are also junction with RCC Centro America. The preferred languages
spoken. for inter-RSC communication are English and Spanish.
Pub. 140
Honduras 333
Time Zone 1. Honduras address—

Avenida La Paz
The Time Zone description is SIERRA (+6). Daylight Sav- Apartado Postal Number 3453
ings Time is not observed. Tegucigalpa
2. U.S. address—
U.S. Embassy APO AA (34022)
The U.S. Embassy is situated at Avenida La Paz, Tegucigal- U. S. Embassy Honduras Home Page
pa. http://hn.usembassy.gov
Pub. 140
335
IRELAND
General 335 climate is consistently humid, and overcast about half the time.
Buoyage System 335 The terrain is mostly level with rolling interior plain sur-
Cautions 335 rounded by rugged hills and low mountains terminating in sea
Currency 336 cliffs on the W coast.
Firing Areas 336
Fishing Areas 336 Buoyage System
Government 336
Holidays 337 The IALA Buoyage System (Region A) is in effect. See
Industries 337 Chart No. 1 for further IALA Buoyage System information.
Languages 337 The general direction of lateral buoyage along the S and E
Meteorology 337 coasts of Ireland is, as follows:
Navigational Information 337 1. East from The Bull (51°35.5'N., 10°18.0'W.) along the
Offshore Drilling 337 S coast to Tuskar Rock (52°20'N., 6°12.4'W.).
Pilotage 337 2. North through the Irish Sea and the North Channel.
Regulations 337 3. West along the N coast as far as Malin Head
Search and Rescue 339 (53°22.6'N., 7°23.9'W.).
Ship Reporting System 339 The general direction of lateral buoyage along the W and N
Signals 340 coasts of Ireland is, as follows:
Submarine Operating Areas 340 1. North from The Bull along the W coast.
Time Zone 340 2. East along the N coast as far as Malin Head.
Traffic Separation Schemes 340 Ireland has recently completed virtual Automatic Identifica-
U.S. Embassy 340 tion System (AIS) Aids to Navigation (ATON) trials. For fur-
Vessel Traffic Service 340 ther information on AIS ATON, see North Atlantic Ocean—
Navigational Information.
General
Cautions
Ireland is located in Western Europe, occupying almost 85
per cent of the island of Ireland in the North Atlantic Ocean, W High Speed Craft
of Great Britain. High speed craft operate between the coast of Ireland and the
The climate is temperate maritime modified by the North At- coast of the United Kingdom. For further information on high
lantic Current. The winters are mild and the summers cool. The speed craft, see United Kingdom—Cautions—High Speed
Pub. 140
336 Ireland
Craft. the surface.
Magnetic Anomalies South Coast

A local magnetic anomaly has been reported in the vicinity Trawling is carried out year round on Nymphe Bank.
of the Blasket Islands (52°05'N., 10°35'W.).
East and North Coasts
Sea Level Changes From Tuscar Rock to Inishtrahull, trawling is carried on
On the W coast of Ireland, the sea level is raised by S and W throughout the year, mostly between Dublin Bay and Lough
winds and lowered by N and E winds. Strangford, off Larne, and E of Inishtrahull and in the ap-
proaches to North Channel.
Currency Nets may be encountered off Waterford and South Wexford
coast, up to 30 miles off, from February to June; close off the E
The official unit of currency is the Euro, consisting of 100 coast of Wexford and the coasts of Wicklow and Dublin, nets
cents. may be encountered from October to January; from 10 to 25
miles offshore between E and NE of Howth, from June to Au-
Firing Areas gust; off Ardglass, from May to August; close inshore off Kil-
keel, during September and October.
Firing danger areas are located off the coast of Ireland, as
follows: West Coast
1. Gormanston Danger Area D1.—Extends 10 miles Some trawling is carried on in Dingle Bay, from October to
offshore from Benhead (53°39'N., 6°13'W.). June, and in Galway Bay and Donegal Bay throughout the
2. Irish Naval Service Firing Practice Area D13.—Ex- year.
tends 15 miles offshore between Galley Head (51°32'N., Drift nets are also employed in Galway Bay during Septem-
8°57'W.) and Seven Heads (51°34'N., 8°43'W.). ber and October; off the N coast of Mayo and N and W coasts
3. Firing Practice Area D14.—Extends 20 miles SW of Donegal, not far offshore, from July to September; and up to
from a line joining The Bull (51°35'N., 10°18'W.) and Great 40 miles W of Inishtrahull, during January, February, May, and
Skellig, 14 miles NW, at the mouth of the Kenmare River. June.
4. Bear Island Firing Practice Area.—Extends 1 mile E
from the rifle range located about 0.15 mile N of Leahern’s Northwest Coast
Point (51°38'N., 9°48'W.). The extremities of the area are Trawling is carried out on the NW coast, on and E of Vidal
marked by three lighted buoys. Bank, and NW of Tory Island, in depths of 200 to 550m. These
5. Dundalk Rifle Range.—Extends E from a point 1 deep sea grounds extend N to St. Kilda and beyond.
mile S of Soldiers Point (54°00.4'N., 6°20.8'W.).
6. Ballykinler Firing Range.—Near the coast about 1
mile E of Dundrum (54°15.4'N., 5°50.4'W.).
Government
Fishing Areas
Southwest Coast
Trawlers fish for a considerable distance off the SW coast of
Ireland, principally in the autumn, however, such vessels may
be encountered here at any time of year. The fishing grounds
are limited to within depths of 550m and extend from off Fast-
net Rock to a position in 51°10'N, 14°30'W, and then N to Por-
cupine Bank. These deep sea fishing grounds also extend S
from off Fastnet Rock to 49°00'N. Flag of Ireland
Fishing is sometimes carried out in the vicinity of Leck Rock
(51°29.5'N., 10°21.5'W.) and Edye Rock, 8 miles SSE. Ireland is a republic. The country is divided into 28 counties
Drift nets may be met with off the SW coast of Ireland far and three cities.
offshore from April to June and inshore during September and Ireland is governed by a directly-elected President who
October. serves a 7-year term. The Prime Minister is nominated by the
British and French mackerel drifters may be encountered House of Representatives and appointed by the President. The
during the months of April to June between the latitudes of the bicameral Parliament composed of the appointed 60-member
Fastnet and the Scilly Isles, and between the meridians of Senate, serving 5-year terms, and the 158-member House of
11°00'W and 6°00'W. Mackerel drifters normally lie to their Representatives, directly elected using a proportional represen-
nets, which may extend up to 3.5 miles and are only marked by tation system, serving 5-year terms.
a can buoy at the end and occasional floats. The usual lights for The legal system is based on English common law, substan-
a drift net vessel are exhibited by the drifters. It is not possible tially modified by indigenous concepts.
to steam over the drift nets without doing damage as they lie on The capital is Dublin.
Pub. 140
Ireland 337
Holidays Navigational Information

The following holidays are observed: Enroute Volume
Pub. 142, Sailing Directions (Enroute) Ireland and the West
January 1 New Year’s Day Coast of England.
January 6 Epiphany Maritime Claims
March 17 Saint Patrick's Day The maritime territorial claims of Ireland are, as follows:
(except when this date
falls on a Sunday, when Territorial Sea * 12 miles.
the feast is kept on
March 18)
Zone
Continental Shelf No specified limit.
* Claims straight baselines
First Monday in May Bank Holiday
Ascension Day Variable Maritime Boundary Disputes
Dispute with Denmark, the United Kingdom, and Iceland
over the Faroe Islands’ continental shelf boundary outside 200
First Monday in June Bank Holiday miles.
First Monday in August Bank Holiday
Offshore Drilling
Last Monday in October Bank Holiday The continuing exploration of offshore waters for oil and gas
has led to the establishment of a variety of floating and fixed
November 1 All Saints’ Day vessels and structures off the coast of Ireland, particularly in
December 8 Immaculate Conception the Celtic Sea. The main facilities in this area are:
1. Kinsale Head Gas Field (51°22'N., 7°59'W.).
December 25 Christmas Day 2. Ballycotton Gas Field (51°27'N., 8°08'W.).
December 26 St. Stephen’s Day 3. Seven Heads Gas Field (51°12'N., 8°20'W.).
Pilotage
Industries
In addition to signals of the International Code, any vessel
The main industries include pharmaceuticals, chemicals, requiring a pilot at night can show a bright white light, flashed
computer hardware and software, food products, beverages and or shown just above the bulwarks at short or frequent intervals,
brewing, and medical devices. for about 1 minute at a time.
The main exports are machinery and equipment, computers,
medical devices, chemicals, pharmaceuticals, food products, Deep Sea Pilotage
and animal products. The main export-trading partners are the For information concerning Deep Sea Pilotage in the North
United States, the United Kingdom, Belgium, Germany, and Sea, the English Channel, and Skagerrak, see United King-
Switzerland. dom—Pilotage.
The main imports are data processing equipment, other ma-
chinery and equipment, chemicals, petroleum and petroleum Regulations
products, textiles, and clothing. The main import-trading part-
ners are the United Kingdom, the United States, France, Ger- Protection of Whales and Dolphins
many, and the Netherlands. Since 1981, all Irish waters have been declared a whale and
dolphin sanctuary. Regulations prohibit the deliberate distur-
Languages bance of these marine mammals.
Irish is the first official language. English is recognized as Irish Whale and Dolphin Group
the second official language.
Mail: Dr. Simon Berrow
Irish Whale and Dolphin Group
Meteorology Merchants Quay
Kilrush, County Clare
Gale warnings, 24-hour sea area forecasts, coastal reports,
Ireland
marine observations, and Atlantic Ocean weather charts are
available in English from Met Eireann (http://www.met.ie). Telephone: 353-86-8545450
Pub. 140
338 Ireland
E-mail: [email protected] European Union Expanded Inspection (EI) Notification

Web site: http://www.iwdg.ie ropean Union has introduced a mandatory reporting system for
National Parks and Wildlife Service vessels arriving at or departing from a port or anchorage in the
EU region.
Mail: 7 Ely Place The reports should be sent through SafeSeasIreland. Vessels
Dublin 2, Ireland unable to utilize this system (vessels under 300 gross tons
Telephone: 353-1-8882000 without an IMO Number or an MMSI Number or vessels not
fitted with a functioning AIS) may contact the Marine Survey
Facsimile 353-1-8883272
Office (MSO), as follows:
E-mail: [email protected] 1. By e-mail to the MSO ([email protected]) and copied
to the Chief Surveyor ([email protected]) and the
Web site: http://www.npws.ie
Deputy Chief Surveyor ([email protected]).
http://www.environ.ie
2. Telephone: 353-1-678-3400
3. Facsimile: 353-1-678-3409
There are definite risks associated with engaging these mam- These arrangements may also be utilized by other vessels but
mals, particularly the larger whales. Generally they are present only if SafeSeasIreland is unavailable due to technical reasons.
some distance offshore, in open waters, and late in the year Such reasons should be sent via e-mail (ssisupport@trans-
when weather conditions are not suitable for small craft. As port.ie) for a possible resolution before these alternative ar-
wild animals, their actions are unpredictable if they feel their rangements are used.
young are at risk and, considering their size, are capable of Vessels should provide the following information:
causing damage to small craft. 1. Vessel’s name and call sign.
The following guidelines are to be followed in case of inter- 2. Port of destination.
action with large mammals within Irish waters: 3. Planned duration of the call.
1. When whales or dolphins are first sighted, vessels 4. Planned operations at the port or anchorage of destina-
should maintain a steady course. tion (loading, unloading, other).
2. Vessels should be maintained below 7 knots. 5. Planned statutory survey inspections and substantial
3. Do not attempt to pursue any whales or dolphins en- maintenance and repair work to be carried out at the port of
countered. destination.
4. In the case of dolphins, they will often approach craft 6. Date of last EI in the Paris MoU region.
and may engage in “bow riding.” Always allow dolphins to If SafeSeasIreland is unavailable due to technical reasons,
approach a vessel rather than attempt to go after them. tankers should provide the following additional information:
5. Maintain a distance of at least 100m from whales. 1. Configuration (single hull, single hull with segregated
6. Maintain a distance of 200m between other vessels in ballast tanks, double hull).
the vicinity. 2. Condition of the cargo and ballast tanks (full, empty,
7. Attempt to take a course parallel to the direction the inerted).
whales or dolphins are taking. 3. Volume and nature of cargo.
8. Do not corral whales or dolphins between vessels. Owners, operators, and agents must provide the MSO with
9. Special care must be taken when young calves are the actual time of arrival (ATA) and the actual time of depar-
seen. Do not come between a mother and her calf. ture (ATD) of vessels calling at ports and anchorages in Ire-
10. Successive vessels must follow the same course. land. SafeSeasIreland will collect this information auto-
11. Vessels should not spend more than 30 minutes with matically from vessels equipped with an approved AIS. Opera-
the whales or dolphins. tors, agents, or masters of non-AIS equipped vessels are re-
12. Do not attempt to swim with the whales or dolphins. quired to provide the MSO with the following information:
Vessels that do encounter any species are encouraged to log 1. Vessel’s name and call sign.
all sightings and to advise the Irish Whale and Dolphin Group 2. ATA/ATD.
or the National Parks and Wildlife Service. 3. Port of destination/departure.
For further information, see North Atlantic Ocean—Regu-
Particularly Sensitive Sea Areas (PSSA) lations—European Union Expanded Inspection (EI) Notifi-
The waters off the W coast of the United Kingdom, Ireland, cation.
Belgium, France, Spain, and Portugal, from the Sheltand Is-
lands in the N to Cabo San Vicente in the S, including the En- European Union Dangerous and Polluting Cargo Notifica-
glish Channel, were granted (2004) the status of PSSA by the tion
International Maritime Organization. Under European Union (EU) Directive 2002/59/EC, as
A PSSA is an area that requires special protection because of amended by EU Directive 2009/17/EC, any vessel over 300
its vulnerability to damage caused by marine activities. Vessels gross tons and any vessel carrying dangerous or polluting cargo
operating in or near such an area should exercise the utmost bound to or leaving from EU ports should report to the relevant
care to avoid damage to the maritime environment and the ma- port authority at least 24 hours in advance.
rine organisms in it. No waste should be discharged overboard. For further information, see Baltic Sea—Regulations—Eu-
The Western Europe Tanker Reporting System (WETREP) ropean Union Dangerous and Polluting Cargo Notifica-
was instituted to help protect the environment of the PSSA. tions.
Pub. 140
Ireland 339
Search and Rescue 1. VHF radiotelephone and DSC equipment.

2. Medium frequency radiotelephone and DSC equip-
The Irish Coast Guard is responsible for conducting search ment.
and rescue operations through the Maritime Rescue Coordina- 3. High frequency radiotelephone and DSC equipment
tion Center (MRCC) and Maritime Rescue Coordination Sub- 4. VHF direction-finding equipment capable of detecting
centers (MRSC), as follows: EPIRB and PLB transmissions on marine VHF frequencies
1. MRCC Dublin. and on 121.5 MHz.
2. MRSC Valentia. 5. Radar capable of activating and detecting SART tran-
3. MRSC Malin Head. sponders.
These facilities maintain a continuous listening watch for The Community Rescue Boats Ireland, a locally-funded res-
distress traffic on 2187.5 kHz, VHF channel 16, and VHF cue service manned by volunteers, maintains ten lifeboats
channel 70 and can be contacted, as follows: around the coast of Ireland, as follows:
1. MRCC Dublin 1. Bantry (51°40'N., 9°29'W.).
a. Telephone: 353-1-6620922 2. Schull (51°31'N., 9°33'W.).
353-1-6620923 3. Bonmahon (58°02'N., 7°22'W.).
b. Facsimile: 353-1-6620795 4. Tramore (52°09'N., 7°09'W.).
c. E-mail: [email protected] 5. Cahore (52°34'N., 6°12'W.).
[email protected] 6. Darrynane (51°46'N., 10°08'W.).
2. MRSC Valentia 7. Banna (52°20'N., 9°50'W.).
a. Telephone: 353-66-9476109 8. Ballybunnion (52°32'N., 9°46'W.).
b. Facsimile: 353-66-9476289 9. Limerick (52°39'N., 8°39'W.).
c. E-mail: [email protected] 10. Kilkee (52°41'N., 9°41'W.).
[email protected] The Irish Coast Guard, a volunteer organization, maintains
3. MRSC Malin Head 51 coastal units whose primary function is to assist craft in dis-
a. Telephone: 353-74-9370103 tress on or near the coast. These stations are located, as fol-
b. Facsimile: 353-74-9370221 lows:
c. E-mail: [email protected] 1. Malin Head Division (NW coast)—10 stations.
[email protected] 2. Valentia Division (W and SW coasts)—21 stations.
The Royal National Lifeboat Institution (RNLI), which is a 3. Dublin Division (E and SE coasts)—20 stations.
private organization supported entirely by voluntary contribu-
tions, maintains 230 lifeboats of various types at 211 lifeboat Ship Reporting System
stations around the coast of the United Kingdom, the Republic
of Ireland, the Isle of Man and the Channel Islands; 19 all- SafeSeasIreland (SSI)
weather lifeboats are located in the Republic of Ireland, as fol- SafeSeasIreland (SSI) is the Irish implementation of the Eu-
lows: ropean Council Directive 2002/59/EC, which requires all ves-
1. Castletown Bearhaven (51°39'N., 9°54'W.). sels 300 gross tons and over carrying dangerous or polluting
2. Baltimore (51°29'N., 9°23'W.). cargo bound to or leaving from European Union ports to report
3. Courtmacsherry (51°38'N., 8°43'W.). to the relevant port authority 24 hours in advance.
4. Ballycotton (51°50'N., 8°00'W.). SSI is the Irish link into SafeSeaNet, the EU Community
5. Dunmore East (52°09'N., 7°00'W.). Vessel Traffic Monitoring and Information System and pro-
6. Kilmore Quay (52°10'N., 6°35'W.). vides for the electronic notification of the following:
7. Rosslare (52°15'N., 6°20'W.). 1. Vessel arrival and departure notifications.
8. Arklow (52°48'N., 6°09'W.). 2. Dangerous or polluting cargo notifications.
9. Wicklow (52°59'N., 6°02'W.). 3. ISPS notifications.
10. Dun Laoghaire (53°18'N., 6°08'W.). 4. Waste notifications.
11. Howth (53°23'N., 6°04'W.). 5. Reporting requirements in the event of an accident or
12. Clogher Head (Port Oriel) (53°48'N., 6°13'W.). incident.
13. Valentia (51°56'N., 10°19'W.). The following vessels are not required to participate in SSI:
14. Fenit (52°16'N., 9°52'W.). 1. Warships, naval auxiliaries, and other vessels owned or
15. Aran Islands (Kilronan) (53°07'N., 9°38'W.). operated by a Member State and used for non-commercial
16. Achill Sound (53°52'N., 9°57'W.). public service.
17. Ballyglass (54°15'N., 9°53'W.). 2. Fishing vessels, traditional vessels, and recreational
18. Aranmore (54°59'N., 8°30'W.). craft of less than 45m loa.
19. Buncrana (Lough Swilly) (53°08'N., 7°28'W.). 3. Bunkers below 5,000 tons, vessel stores, and equip-
All-weather lifeboats are between 12 and 17m long, with ment for use on board vessels.
maximum speeds of 16 to 25 knots and a maximum range of up Port authorities, operators, agents, and owners are requested
to 250 miles. Every all-weather lifeboat is equipped the follow- to contact the Marine Survey Office (MSO) or the SSI contact,
ing: who will process the application for access to SSI. The MSO
Pub. 140
340 Ireland
and the SSI can be contacted, as follows: Time Zone
Contact Information The Time Zone description is ZULU. Daylight Savings Time
(ALFA (-1)) is maintained from the last Sunday in March until
Telephone E-mail the last Sunday in October.
MSO 353-1-6783400 [email protected]
SSI 353-1-6783400 [email protected]
Western Europe Tanker Reporting System (WETREP). Traffic Separation Schemes in Ireland are, as follows:
The Western Europe Tanker Reporting System (WETREP), 1. Off Fastnet Rock. (IMO adopted)
a mandatory reporting system, is in effect. The Reporting Area 2. Off Tuskar Rock. (IMO adopted)
covers the waters off Belgium; the W coast and English Chan- 3. Approaches to Dublin. (Government of Ireland)
nel coasts of France; Ireland; Portugal; the N and W coasts of
Spain; and the English Channel and W coasts of the United
Kingdom, including the Shetland Isles. U.S. Embassy
Further information on WETREP can be found in North At-
lantic Ocean—Ship Reporting System. The U.S. Embassy is situated at 42 Elgin Road, Ballsbridge,
Dublin 4. The mailing address is the same.
Signals
U. S. Embassy Ireland Home Page
Storm warnings are only broadcast by radio. No visual storm http://ie.usembassy.gov
signals are shown.
Submarine Operating Areas Vessel Traffic Service

Submarines frequently exercise in areas located N and S of A Vessel Traffic Service is in operation in Dublin (53°21'N.,
Ireland. Submarines, both surfaced and underwater, may also 6°11'W.). For further information, see Pub. 142, Sailing Direc-
be encountered in North Channel and in the Irish Sea. tions (Enroute) Ireland and the West Coast of England.
Pub. 140
341
ISRAEL
General 342 Meteorology 344

Buoyage System 342 Navigational Information 344
Cautions 342 Offshore Drilling 344
Currency 342 Pollution 344
Firing Areas 342 Regulations 345
Government 343 Search and Rescue 345
Holidays 344 Ship Reporting System 346
Industries 344 Time Zone 346
Languages 344 Traffic Separation Schemes 346
Pub. 140
342 Israel
U.S. Embassy 346 a. 33°05'38''N,35°06'13''E.
b. 33°05'40''N,34°59'10''E.
General c. 33°05'30''N,34°59'10''E.
d. 33°05'30''N,35°06'13''E.
Israel, located in the Middle East, is bordered on the NW This area is permanently closed but a permit for daylight
side by the Mediterranean Sea, on the N side by Lebanon, on entry can be obtained.
the NE side by Syria, on the SE side by Jordan and the Gulf of 4. Area 601.—An area bounded by lines joining the fol-
Aqaba, and on the SW side by Egypt. The country extends lowing positions:
about 260 miles in a N/S direction and varies from 10 to 65 a. 32°58'20''N,35°04'42''E.
miles in width. The Sinai Peninsula was formerly occupied by b. 32°59'58''N,35°00'43''E.
Israel after the 1967 Six Day War until 1982. The Gaza Strip, c. 32°56'51''N,34°59'27''E.
the westernmost coastal area, is now largely administered by d. 32°57'14''N,35°04'30''E.
the Palestinian Authority. The Dead Sea, lying on the E side of Entry into this area is always prohibited.
the country, is 400m below sea level and the lowest point on 5. Area 602.—An area bounded by lines joining the fol-
the earth's surface. The terrain consists of low, coastal plains, lowing positions:
central mountains, and the Negev Desert in the S. a. 32°50'12''N,34°58'47''E.
The climate is primarily temperate, although it is hot and dry b. 32°52'13''N,34°54'49''E.
in the S and E areas. c. 32°53'44''N,34°56'23''E.
d. 32°54'08''N,34°59'04''E.
Buoyage System e. 32°50'09''N,34°59'04''E.
Entry into this area is always prohibited.
The IALA Buoyage System (Region A) is in effect. See 6. Area 602A.—An area bounded by lines joining the
Chart No. 1 for further IALA Buoyage System information. following positions:
a. 32°54'08''N,34°59'04''E.
Cautions b. 32°53'44''N,34°56'23''E.
c. 32°52'13''N,34°54'49''E.
Locust Reports d. 32°54'07''N,34°51'06''E.
See North Atlantic Ocean—Cautions for further informa- e. 32°56'50''N,34°54'17''E.
tion. f. 32°57'55''N,34°59'05''E.
7. Area 602B.—An area bounded by lines joining the
Gaza Blockade following positions:
The Israeli Navy is currently (2011) enforcing a blockade in a. 33°00'14''N,34°59'04''E.
the Gaza Maritime Area. For further information on this area, b. 32°58'44''N,34°52'53''E.
see Regulations—Security Areas. c. 32°55'18''N,34°48'46''E.
d. 32°54'07''N,34°51'06''E.
Currency e. 32°56'50''N,34°54'17''E.
f. 32°57'55''N,34°59'05''E.
The official currency is the Israeli shekel, consisting of 100 8. Area 603.—An area bounded by lines joining the fol-
agorot. lowing positions:
a. 32°53'35''N,35°04'43''E.
Firing Areas b. 32°53'46''N,35°04'12''E.
c. 32°51'44''N,35°03'23''E.
Firing and bombing practices may take place off the coast of d. 32°51'33''N,35°03'59''E.
Israel in the exercise areas, as follows: Entry into this area is always prohibited.
1. Area 69A.—An area bounded by lines joining the fol- 9. Area 30.—An area bounded by lines joining the fol-
lowing positions: lowing positions:
a. 33°05'40''N,35°06'13''E. a. 32°42'55''N,34°56'35''E.
b. 33°05'40''N,34°52'00''E. b. 32°42'56''N,34°52'59''E.
c. 33°08'52''N,34°52'54''E. c. 32°40'54''N,34°52'05''E.
d. 33°05'41''N,35°06'13''E. d. 32°40'54''N,34°55'39''E.
Entry into this area is always prohibited. Entry into this area is always prohibited.
2. Area 69B.—An area bounded by the coast and lines 10. Area 24.—An area bounded by lines joining the fol-
joining the following positions: lowing positions:
a. 33°05'24''N,34°59'10''E. a. 31°59'38''N,34°43'49''E.
b. 33°05'24''N,35°06'19''E. b. 32°00'20''N,34°35'11''E.
c. 33°03'42''N,35°06'17''E. c. 31°54'56''N,34°31'59''E.
d. 33°03'42''N,34°59'10''E. d. 31°55'38''N,34°41'49''E.
Entry into this area is prohibited during the hours of dark- e. 31°56'08''N,34°41'59''E.
ness. f. 31°56'08''N,34°42'18''E.
3. Area 69C.—An area bounded by lines joining the fol- Entry into this area is always prohibited.
lowing positions: 11. Area 82.—An area bounded by lines joining the fol-
Pub. 140
Israel 343
lowing positions: b. 31°40'25''N,34°21'45''E.

a. 31°54'56''N,34°41'27''E. c. 31°37'35''N,34°26'51''E.
b. 31°55'02''N,34°41'05''E. d. 31°38'50''N,34°27'35''E.
c. 31°55'36''N,34°41'22''E. Entry into this area is always prohibited.
d. 31°55'07''N,34°34'29''E. 19. Area 615.—An area bounded by lines joining the fol-
e. 31°52'38''N,34°34'29''E. lowing positions:
f. 31°51'08''N,34°37'41''E. a. 32°12'26''N,34°48'39''E.
g. 31°51'07''N,34°39'33''E. b. 32°12'29''N,34°48'32''E.
Entry into this area is always prohibited. c. 32°12'20''N,34°48'29''E.
12. Area 605.—An area bounded by lines joining the fol- d. 32°12'20''N,34°48'18''E.
lowing positions: e. 32°11'47''N,34°48'07''E.
a. 31°42'30''N,34°17'35''E. f. 32°11'44''N,34°48'13''E.
b. 31°35'43''N,34°29'28''E. g. 32°11'38''N,34°48'10''E.
c. 29°31'03''N,34°55'58''E. h. 32°11'36''N,34°48'18''E.
d. 29°31'01''N,34°56'00''E. Entry into this area is prohibited during the hours of dark-
e. 29°30'56''N,34°55'54''E. ness.
f. 29°30'58''N,34°55'51''E. Vessels should approach with caution and avoid crossing fir-
13. Area 608.—An area bounded by lines joining the fol- ing danger areas. Such danger areas, dates and hours of these
lowing positions: practices are broadcast by Haifa Radio (4XO) at least 24 hours
a. 31°44'26''N,34°35'47''E. in advance and repeated every 4 hours until the end of the prac-
b. 31°44'59''N,34°34'28''E. tice.
c. 31°42'39''N,34°33'01''E. Though every effort will be made to broadcast the naviga-
d. 31°42'42''N,34°34'42''E. tional warnings related to firing practices at least 24 hours in
Entry into this area is always prohibited. advance, mariners are warned that a firing practice may take
14. Area 608A.—An area bounded by lines joining the place at short notice.
following positions: Mariners are requested to listen to Haifa Radio at the time of
a. 31°44'59''N,34°34'28''E. the last transmission of warnings prior to their departure from
b. 31°45'56''N,34°32'11''E. an Israeli port.
c. 31°42'38''N,34°32'11''E.
d. 31°42'39''N,34°33'01''E. Government
15. Area 609.—An area bounded by lines joining the fol-
lowing positions:
a. 31°38'44''N,34°27'46''E.
b. 31°37'43''N,34°27'03''E.
c. 31°35'51''N,34°29'33''E.
d. 31°36'44''N,34°30'10''E.
16. Area 610.—An area bounded by lines joining the fol-
lowing positions:
a. 31°41'20''N,34°30'20''E.
b. 31°38'29''N,34°28'04''E.
c. 31°40'41''N,34°31'35''E.
d. 31°38'50''N,34°31'51''E.
e. 31°37'05''N,34°29'45''E. Flag of Israel
f. 31°37'11''N,34°30'32''E.
g. 31°38'55''N,34°31'46''E. Israel is a parliamentary democracy. The country is divided
Entry into this area is always prohibited. into six districts.
17. Area 611.—An area bounded by lines joining the fol- The Knesset, directly elected for a 4-year term, is a 120-
lowing positions: member Parliament. The system of election is by proportional
a. 31°35'50''N,34°29'35''E. representation. Executive power lies in the Cabinet, headed by
b. 31°37'43''N,34°27'03''E. the directly-elected Prime Minister. The President of the Knes-
c. 31°38'44''N,34°27'46''E. set, who serves as chief of state for a 7-year term, is chosen by
d. 31°43'57''N,34°18'41''E. the Knesset.
e. 31°42'30''N,34°17'35''E. The legal system is based on English common law, British
f. 31°35'42''N,34°29'28''E. Mandate regulations, and, in personal matters, Jewish, Chris-
Entry into this area is always prohibited. tian, and Muslim traditions.
18. Area 611A.—An area bounded by lines joining the The capital, as proclaimed in 1950, is Jerusalem. The United
following positions: States, like nearly all other countries, does not recognize this
a. 31°41'39''N,34°22'41''E. status and maintains its Embassy in Tel Aviv.
Pub. 140
344 Israel
Holidays Internet Maritime Safety Information

Notice to Mariners and other related information are avail-
The following holiday is observed: able, in English and Hebrew, from the Israeli Administration of
Shipping and Ports:
Labor Day May 1 (http://asp.mot.gov.il/en/shipping/notice2mariners).
Other holidays, which are dependent on the appearance of Offshore Drilling

the moon, include Passover, Independence Day, Pentecost, Ro-
Oil rigs and drilling platforms may be encountered off the
sh Hashana (Jewish New Year), Yom Kippur (Day of Atone-
ment), and the Feast of the Tabernacles. coast.
Major gas fields off Israel are located, as follows:
1. Leviathan Gas Field (32°52'N., 33°25'E.).
2. Tamar Gas Field (32°50'N., 33°50'E.).
Industries 3. Mira (32°35'N., 34°00'E.).
4. Dalit (32°30'N., 34°00'E.).
The main industries are high-technology products, wood and
5. Arie (32°25'N., 34°10'E.).
paper products, potash and phosphates, food, beverages, tobac-
6. Noa (31°50'N., 34°10'E.).
co, caustic soda, cement, construction, metal products, chemi-
7. Mari-B (31°44'N., 34°17'E.).
cal products, plastics, diamond cutting, textiles, and footwear.
8. Marine (31°36'N., 34°10'E.).
The main exports are machinery and equipment, software,
cut diamonds, agricultural products, chemicals, textiles, and
clothing. The main export-trading partners are the United Pollution
States, Hong Kong, and the United Kingdom.
The main imports are raw materials, military equipment, in- Ballast Water Exchange
In order to prevent the import of non-native aquatic organ-
vestment goods, rough diamonds, fuels, grain, and consumer
goods. The main import-trading partners are the United States, isms into the waters of the ports of Israel from ships’ ballast
China, Switzerland, Germany, and Belgium. water discharges, all ships destined for Israeli ports must ex-
change any ballast water that has not been taken on in open
ocean.
Languages The best method of protecting harbor waters from foreign or-
ganisms that may exist in the ballast water collected in foreign
The official language is Hebrew. Arabic is the official lan-
harbors and near shore areas is for the ballast water to be ex-
guage of the Arab minority. English is also widely used.
changed in open ocean, beyond any continental shelf or fresh
water current effect.
Meteorology For vessels calling at Israeli Mediterranean ports, ballast ex-
change must be carried out in the Atlantic Ocean when practi-
cable.
Twenty-four hour maritime forecasts for coastal areas of Is-
Vessels failing to comply with the above procedure will not
rael and the eastern Mediterranean Sea are available, in English
be permitted to pump out their ballast water during their stay in
and Hebrew, from the Israel Meteorological Service:
the port or while navigating along the coast of Israel.
(http://www.ims.gov.il/MSENG/All_Tahazit/homepage.htm).
A record of the location, date, and time of the ballast water
exchange should be entered in the ship’s log book, or in other
suitable documentation, such as an official ballast water record
Navigational Information book. Masters of vessels will be requested to provide ship’s in-
spectors (pilots) with a completed ballast water exchange re-
Enroute Volumes
port.
nean.
Pollution Reports
Pub. 172, Sailing Directions (Enroute) Red Sea and the Per-
All vessels navigating in Israeli waters should report any pol-
sian Gulf.
lution, grounding, or dangerous situation to the Marine and
Coastal Pollution Division through RCC Haifa. Reports should
Maritime Claims
include the following details:
The maritime territorial claims of Israel are, as follows:
1. Date and time in UTC.
2. Position of pollution/dangerous vessel.
Territorial Sea 12 miles. * 3. Spread and direction of spillage from polluting vessel.
Fisheries or Economic 200 miles. ** 4. Visible sheen or color of water surface.
5. Any other information concerning the type of pollu-
Zone
tion, including length and breadth of surface area covered.
Continental Shelf Limit of Exploitation. The Oil Pollution Response Center is co-located with RCC
* Reduced to 3 miles off Gaza. Haifa and can be contacted, as follows:
1. Telephone: 972-4-8632072
** To median lines or boundaries. 972-4-8632074
Pub. 140
Israel 345
2. Facsimile: 972-4-8632117 K3 31°46'26''N, 34°10'00''E.

Civil Liability K4 31°35'19''N, 34°29'08''E.
From 20 February 1997, entry to the territorial waters of Is-
rael by oil tankers will be permitted only by those holding an Vessels may cross the security area only upon complying
insurance policy covering civil liability for oil pollution dam- with the following requirements:
age issued by their flag state. 1. Request and obtain permission for crossing the area
from the Israeli navy on VHF channel 16.
MARPOL Special Area 2. Cross at right angles to the line joining position K1 to
The Mediterranean Sea has been designated as a MARPOL position K3 and the line joining position K2 to position K4,
Special Area. MARPOL Special Areas are sea areas where keeping a minimum distance of not less than 3 miles from
special mandatory methods for the prevention of oil pollution the coastline.
in the sea have been adopted. Area L.—A security area, designated “L,” has been estab-
Further information can be found in North Atlantic lished off the coast of Gaza and is bounded by lines joining the
Ocean—Pollution—MARPOL Special Areas. following positions:
Vessel Entrance Limitations L1 31°19'23.4''N, 34°13'06.6''E.

Vessels over a certain age carrying persistent oils (as stated
L2 31°33'43.8''N, 33°56'40.8''E.
in Regulation 15a of Israeli Regulations of Shipping and Ports)
will not be allowed to enter Israeli territorial waters, as follows: L3 31°46'48.0''N, 34°10'00.6''E.
1. Mediterranean Sea—Vessels 25 years of age and older.
L4 31°35'42.6''N, 34°29'27.6''E.
2. Gulf of Eilat—Vessels 20 years of age and older.
Regulations In accordance with agreements between Israel and the Pales-

tinian Authority, foreign vessels are prohibited from entering
General this zone. Vessels approaching this area are requested to main-
Normal international courtesies, such as flying the flag of Is- tain radio contact with the Israeli navy on VHF channel 16 and
rael at the foremast, should be carefully observed while in the will be subject to supervision and inspection.
waters and ports of Israel. Area M.—A security area, designated “M,” has been estab-
lished off the coast of Gaza SW of Area L and is bounded by
Approaches lines joining the following positions:
All vessels bound for any Israeli Mediterranean port (Haifa,
Hadera, Ashdod, Ashkelon, and Gaza) are advised to approach M1 31°20.2'N, 34°13.9'E.
the Israeli coast only through the charted approach corridors. M2 31°34.3'N, 33°57.4'E.
All coastal traffic transiting along the Israeli coast must transit
within the charted coastal route. Vessels navigating within Is- M3 31°33.5'N, 34°56.5'E.
raeli territorial waters are advised not to exceed a maximum M4 31°19.4'N, 34°12.7'E.
speed of 15 knots.
Communications
Within Israeli territorial waters, all vessels are forbidden to
Winter Restrictions
transmit by radiotelephone or radiotelegraph except in accor-
Any vessel bound for an Israeli port shall not be permitted to
dance with the following conditions:
enter the territorial waters of Israeli from 1 November until 30
1. Carry out communications with or through an Israeli
April if, by certification, it is constrained by the sea state, wind
coastal radio station on its authorized frequency of 26.96
force, maximum distance from land, port of refuge, or length
MHz.
of voyage.
2. Use the minimum power possible.
3. Do not cause interference with other authorized sta-
Quarantine
tions.
The Maritime Declaration of Health form should be forward-
4. Stop transmitting when requested by Israeli coastal
ed to the Port Authority, including a copy to the vessel’s agent,
stations.
12 hours prior to arrival. No contact with the shore is allowed
until free pratique is granted by the Quarantine Authorities.
Security Areas
Area K.—A security area, designated “K,” has been estab-
lished off the coast of Israel and is bounded by lines joining the Search and Rescue
Rescue Coordination Center (RCC) Haifa can be contacted,
as follows:
1. Telephone: 972-4-8632145
K1 31°34'04''N, 34°28'09''E.
972-4-8632073
K2 31°44'28''N, 34°10'00''E. 972-4-8632075
Pub. 140
346 Israel
972-4-8632226 If the vessel is not equipped with INMARSAT-C, or if com-
2. Facsimile: 972-4-8632117 munication fails, the IMOT report should be sent through RCC
972-3-6849867 (facsimile to mail) Haifa by e-mail ([email protected]) or by radio (VHF channel 16
3. E-mail: [email protected] or 70, 2187.5 kHz, 4207.5 kHz, 6312 kHz, or 8414.5 kHz).
[email protected] The report, when sent by e-mail, must be sent as an attach-
ment as the information is being received by a computerized
Ship Reporting System process. The following instructions must be followed:
1. The attached file must be in the approved format only.
Vessels bound for Israeli ports are required to report the fol- 2. The attached file must be named “crewreport.xls”.
lowing information through the Israeli navy to the Israeli Min- 3. The subject line must be “crewreport”.
istry of Transport (IMOT) when 100 miles off the Israeli coast The file can be downloaded from the Israports web site:
(25 miles for small craft): http://eng.israports.co.il/TargetServices/Pages/download.aspx.
1. Vessel name (and previous name). Vessels with internet access can submit the IMOT and 48-
2. Call sign. hour reports by registering at the Israel Ports Company TASK
3. Flag and port of registry. YAM web site (https://taskyam.israports.co.il).
4. IMO number. All vessels shall contact the Israeli navy on VHF channel 16
5. MMSI. when 25 miles off the coast. The report shall include the fol-
6. Telex number and satellite telephone number. lowing information:
7. Mobile telephone number. 1. Vessel’s name and call sign.
8. Year when vessel was built. 2. Present position, course, and speed.
9. Gross tonnage. 3. ETA.
10. Vessel type and cargo on board. Note.—This contact with the Israeli navy is not a substitute
11. Number of crew/passengers. for the required IMOT report.
12. Agent’s name, telephone number, and facsimile. All vessels entering and leaving Israeli ports and proceeding
13. Name of owner and operator. to them must do so via the recommended route and approach
14. Is the ship holding a valid International Ships Security channels which may best be seen on the chart.
Certificate (ISPS)?
15. What is the security level on board (Level 1, Level 2, Time Zone
or Level 3)?
16. Are there any guns or weapons on board? If yes, state The Time Zone description is BRAVO (-2). Daylight Sav-
type and quantity. ings Time (CHARLIE (-3)) is maintained from the end of
17. Last port/previous port and date of departure. March until the end of October; the exact changeover date
18. Destination. should be obtained from local authorities.
19. Present position, course, and speed.
20. ETA (UTC). Traffic Separation Schemes
21. Crew list, including name, rank, nationality, residence
(country and city), age, gender, seniority in company, date of A Traffic Separation Scheme has been established by the
signing-on, passport number, and S.B. number. Government of Israel in the approaches to Ashdod. The
22. AIS is activated. scheme is not IMO adopted.
Vessels which do not report according to the above IMOT
procedures or do not comply with the ISPS Code will not be al-
lowed to enter Israeli territorial waters. U.S. Embassy
The vessel’s agent may be requested to furnish additional de-
tails to be submitted 48 hours prior to arrival according to the The U.S. Embassy is situated at 71 Hayarkon Street, Tel
nature of the last port of call. Aviv.
The IMOT report must be sent to the Israeli navy by one of The mailing address is 71 Hayarkon Street, Tel Aviv
the following methods: 6343229.
1. Facsimile: 972-3-6064567
2. E-mail: [email protected] U. S. Embassy Israel Home Page
The Israeli navy will confirm receipt of the IMOT report via http://il.usembassy.gov
INMARSAT-C.
Pub. 140
347
ITALY
General 347 Traffic Separation Schemes 372

Areas to be Avoided 347 U.S. Embassy 372
Buoyage System 348 Vessel Traffic Service 373
Cautions 348 Appendix I—Adriatic Traffic Reporting System
Currency 348 (ADRIREP) 375
Firing Areas 348 Appendix II—Italian Automated Search and Rescue
Fishing Areas 359 System (ARES) 377
Government 360
Holidays 360 General
Ice 361
Industries 361 Italy, located in Southern Europe, is a peninsula extending
Languages 361 into the central Mediterranean Sea NE of Tunisia.
Meteorology 361 The climate is predominantly Mediterranean, although it be-
Mined Areas 361 comes Alpine in the far N, and hot and dry in the S.
Navigational Information 365 The terrain is mostly rugged and mountainous. There are
Offshore Drilling 365 some plains extending to coastal lowlands.
Pilotage 366 The island of Sardinia lies in the Mediterranean Sea and is
Pollution 366 an autonomous region of Italy. The main towns are Cagliari
Regulations 366 and Sassari.
Search and Rescue 370 Areas to be Avoided
Signals 370 Two IMO-adopted Areas to be Avoided have been estab-
Submarine Operating Areas 371 lished between the E and W parts of the In the North Adriatic
Time Zone 372 Sea Traffic Separation Scheme. These Areas to be Avoided
Pub. 140
348 Italy
protect the Barbara Oil Field and the Ivana Oil Field, as fol- Gulf of Venice consists of a circle with a radius of 1.5 miles
lows: centered on position 45°05.3'N, 12°35.1'E.
1. Ivana Oil Field Area to be Avoided—Bounded by
lines joining the following positions: Local Magnetic Anomalies
a. 44°12'48.0''N, 13°37’30.0''E. Local magnetic anomalies have been reported in the Sicilian
b. 44°17'00.0''N, 13°43’46.2''E. Channel, as follows:
c. 44°25'18.0''N, 13°37’28.2''E. 1. Close W of Pantellaria Bank in position 37°10'N,
d. 44°34'30.0''N, 13°25’28.2''E. 12°00'E.
e. 44°41'54.0''N, 13°24’58.2''E. 2. About 15 miles SSE of Terrible Bank in position
f. 44°52'00.0''N, 13°17’04.2''E. 36°55'N, 13°03'E.
g. 44°52'00.0''N, 13°05’46.2''E. Anomalies have been reported (1976) about 22 miles SSE of
h. 44°37'42.0''N, 13°07’54.0''E. Porto Palo, the SE extremity of Sicilia, in the vicinity of posi-
i. 44°23'00.0''N, 13°14’18.0''E. tion 36°20'N, 15°20'E.
This area must be avoided by all vessels greater than 200 Submarine high tension cables extending W of the Italian
gt. mainland pass N of Isola d’Elba and can cause significant mag-
2. Barbara Oil Field Area to be Avoided—Bounded by netic compass deviations.
lines joining the following positions: Local compass deflections have been reported, off the E
a. 43°58'24.0''N, 13°52’42.0''E. coast of Sardinia, between Aranci (40°59.3'N., 9°36.9'E.) and
b. 44°01'24.0''N, 13°56’48.0''E. Arbatax (39°56.5'N., 9°42.2'E.).
c. 44°09'00.0''N, 13°40’30.0''E.
d. 44°06'36.0''N, 13°37’90.0''E. Currency
This area must be avoided by all vessels greater than 200
gt. The official unit of currency is the Euro, consisting of 100
A third IMO-adopted Area to be Avoided has been estab- cents.
lished W of the approaches to the Gulf of Venice Traffic Sepa-
ration Scheme. The area is bounded by a circle with a radius of Firing Areas
1.5 miles centered on position 45°05.3'N, 12°35.1'E. Anchor- Firing danger areas off the coast of Italy are subject to spe-
ing is prohibited in this area. cial regulations. Within territorial waters regulations may pro-
Three Areas to be Avoided, best seen on the chart, are locat- hibit navigation or give notice of danger. Outside the territorial
ed NW and SE of Brindisi (40°39'N., 17°58'E.). To avoid the limits notices of danger may be promulgated.
risk of pollution and damage to the environment, all vessels These regulations and notices of danger may be published in
carrying dangerous or toxic cargo, and all vessels greater than local Notices to Mariners and Port Authority Orders or broad-
500 gross tons, should avoid these areas. cast by coastal radio stations.
Warning signals for gunnery or torpedo launching exercises
Buoyage System consist of the flag hoist “B.” In addition, the appropriate Inter-
national Code Signal can be shown. Aircraft flying in the vicin-
The IALA Buoyage System (Region A) is in effect. See ity of a prohibited or danger area will be warned by a series of
Chart No. 1 for further IALA Buoyage System information. rockets, launched at 10-second intervals, which explode in red
Along the Italian coast cable landing sites and the limits of or green lights. These signals may be made from shore or an-
the associated prohibited anchorage areas are indicated by yel- other aircraft.
low posts displayed in the vicinity of buildings associated with Each area is indicated by a letter of the alphabet followed by
the cable landing, as follows: three numbers. The significance of each is, as follows:
1. Power cables—Balls, with the upper half painted yel- 1. The identifying letter indicates the type of activity
low and the lower half painted black, displaying the letter E which is responsible for the prohibition or danger in the area.
and surmounted by an X topmark. 2. The first of the three numbers identifies the type of ar-
2. Telephone cables—Balls, with the upper half painted ea and is the same for all areas of the same type. The second
yellow and the lower half painted black, displaying the letter number identifies the area which has jurisdiction (0 for La
T and surmounted by an X topmark. Spezia, 1 for Cagliari, 2 for Messina, 3 for Taranto, and 4 for
In 2011, the National Lights Department announced that Ancona). The third number identifies the specific area.
maintenance on racons has ceased. When a racon becomes 3. The letters identifying the area and the corresponding
non-operational, it will be removed from service and not re- first number are:
paired. T8—Areas used for firing exercises (sea-to-ground).
E3—Areas used for firing exercises (ground-to-sea).
Cautions M5—Areas in which submarine obstacles are present.
S7—Areas used for submarine exercises.
Locust Reports In addition to the areas mentioned above, there are zones of
See North Atlantic Ocean—Cautions for further informa- restricted airspace identified by the letters P (Prohibited), R
tion. (Restricted), or D (Dangerous). These zones, used for air to air
and/or air to surface firing practice, extend from the water sur-
No Anchorage Area face, and therefore may constitute a hazard to surface naviga-
A mandatory no anchorage area in the approaches to the tion.
Pub. 140
Italy 349
MARITIME COMMAND NORTH—LA SPEZIA D91—Bounded by a line joining the following positions:
a. 43°43'00''N, 7°52'00''E.
D5—Bounded by a line joining the following positions: b. 43°57'00''N, 8°20'00''E.
a. 43°42'07''N, 7°50'15''E. c. 43°55'00''N, 9°20'00''E.
b. 43°57'00''N, 8°20'00''E. d. 43°31'00''N, 9°30'00''E.
c. 43°56'27''N, 8°37'28''E. e. 43°17'00''N, 9°30'00''E.
d. 43°51'06''N, 8°38'57''E. Hazardous air space due to intense military aircraft activity.
e. 43°29'35''N, 8°36'06''E. Scheduled continuously from 0900 to 2400 Monday to Friday.
f. 43°26'05''N, 8°28'41''E.
g. 43°32'26''N, 8°03'34''E. D91A—Bounded by a line joining the following positions:
Hazardous air space due to intense military aircraft activity. a. 43°43'00''N, 7°52'00''E.
Scheduled continuously from 0900 to 2400 Monday to Friday. b. 43°57'00''N, 8°20'00''E.
c. 43°56'27''N, 8°37'28''E.
D10—Bounded by a line joining the following positions: d. 42°29'06''N, 8°45'00''E.
a. 44°42'00''N, 12°26'00''E. Hazardous air space due to intense military aircraft activity.
b. 44°37'00''N, 12°31'00''E. Scheduled continuously from 0900 to 2400 Monday to Friday.
c. 44°31'00''N, 12°28'00''E.
d. 44°34'00''N, 12°15'00''E. E301—Bounded by the parallels 43°45'30''N and
e. 44°37'00''N, 12°15'00''E. 43°48'30''N, the meridian 10°10'00''E, and the coast.
Hazardous air space from surface to 10,600m due to firing
practice. In operation 24 hours. E302—Bounded by the parallels 43°03'00''N and
43°00'00''N, the meridian 10°27'18''E, and the coast.
D29—Bounded by a line joining the following positions:
a. 43°10'00''N, 9°45'00''E. E303—Bounded by a line joining the following positions:
b. 43°10'00''N, 9°55'00''E. a. 43°41'50''N, 10°16'48''E.
c. 43°00'00''N, 10°02'00''E. b. 43°41'00''N, 10°14'00''E.
d. 42°40'00''N, 10°02'00''E. c. 43°41'00''N, 10°13'00''E.
e. 42°40'00''N, 10°20'00''E. d. 43°44'00''N, 10°13'00''E.
f. 42°19'00''N, 10°34'00''E. e. 43°44'00''N, 10°15'00''E.
g. 42°07'00''N, 10°25'00''E.
h. 42°20'00''N, 9°45'00''E except for an area with a radius E304—Bounded by the coast and a line joining the follow-
of 4 miles centered on position 42°35'00''N, 10°05'00''E. ing positions:
Hazardous air space due to intense military aircraft activity. a. 42°16'30''N, 11°39'40''E. (coast)
b. 42°17'16''N, 11°33'29''E.
D37—Bounded by a line joining the following positions: c. 42°12'38''N, 11°33'24''E
a. 44°00'40''N, 9°35'00''E. d. 42°10'05''N, 11°40'15''E.
b. 44°03'32''N, 9°51'10''E. e. 42°15'05''N, 11°40'48''E. (coast)
c. 43°50'00''N, 9°59'00''E.
d. 43°50'00''N, 9°47'00''E. E305—The area enclosed by the minor arc of a circle with a
Hazardous air space from surface to unlimited ceiling for fir- radius of 4.5 miles centered on Torre Flavia between the bear-
ing practice. Scheduled continuously from 0001 Monday to ings of 175° and 280°.
2400 Friday.
E343—Bounded by the parallels 43°50'00''N and
D67—Bounded by a line joining the following positions: 43°53'00''N, and the meridians 13°02'00''E and 13°06'00''E.
a. 42°18'00''N, 9°42'00''E.
b. 42°19'00''N, 9°47'00''E. E344—Bounded by the parallel 43°58'25''N, the coast, and
c. 42°07'00''N, 10°26'00''E. the meridians 12°50'00''E and 12°54'00''E.
d. 41°34'00''N, 10°42'00''E. The area is further subdivided into the following zones:
e. 41°14'00''N, 9°42'00''E. a. West of the meridian 12°53'00''E.
Hazardous airspace from an altitude of 14,400m for air-to- b. East of the meridian 12°53'00''E.
air firing practice. Scheduled Monday through Friday from
0630 to 1630. E345—Bounded by the parallels 44°01'00''N and
44°02'00''N, the meridian 12°44'00''E, and the coast.
D87—Bounded by a line joining the following positions:
a. 44°36'40''N, 12°53'35''E. E346—Bounded by a line joining the following positions:
b. 43°48'06''N, 13°31'47''E. a. 44°43'00''N, 12°32'00''E.
c. 43°46'27''N, 13°13'11''E. b. 44°34'00''N, 12°32'00''E.
d. 43°53'48''N, 12°34'58''E. c. 44°33'40''N, 12°26'35''E.
e. 44°26'25''N, 12°09'42''E. d. 44°32'00''N, 12°26'36''E.
Hazardous air space due to in-flight refueling operations. e. 44°33'00''N, 12°17'10''E.
In operation 24 hours. f. 44°39'00''N, 12°15'00''E.
Pub. 140
350 Italy
The area is further subdivided into the following zones: a. 44°01'00''N, 10°05'00''E.
a. West of the meridian 12°22'00''E. b. 43°57'24''N, 10°10'00''E.
b. East of the meridian 12°22'00''E. c. 43°54'00''N, 10°08'12''E.
The area is permanently prohibited to sailing and fishing due d. 43°56'00''N, 10°02'18''E.
to firing practice from 0800 until 2400 on Monday through 3. Zone C—Bounded by lines joining the following posi-
Thursday and from 0800 to 1630 each Friday. tions:
a. 43°58'00''N, 9°56'24''E.
b. 43°54'00''N, 10°08'12''E.
M501—Bounded by the parallels 44°08'00''N and c. 43°50'00''N, 10°06'00''E.
44°00'00''N, and the meridians 9°30'00''E and 9°50'00''E. The d. 43°54'00''N, 9°54'00''E.
area is further subdivided into the following zones: The Naval Units present in this zone have on their stern
1. Parallels 44°00'00''N and the coast, and the meridians equipment for mechanical and magnetic sweeping or wire-
9°42'45'' and 9°50'00''E. guided underwater craft.
2. Parallels 44°08'00''N and 44°00'00''N, and the meridi-
ans 9°36'00''E and 9°42'45''E. P2—Bounded by a line joining the following positions:
3. Parallels 44°08'00''N and 44°00'00''N, and the meridi- a. 44°11'50''N, 9°40'00''E.
ans 9°30'00''E and 9°36'00''E. b. 44°08'00''N, 10°01'00''E.
The Naval Units present in this zone have on their stern c. 44°00'20''N, 10°01'00''E.
equipment for mechanical and magnetic sweeping or underwa- d. 44°03'32''N, 9°51'10''E.
ter wire-guided craft. e. 44°01'30''N, 9°40'00''E.
Airspace prohibited from the surface up to an altitude of
7,450m.
M502—Bounded by a line joining the following positions:
a. 44°00'04''N, 9°58'14''E. P3—Bounded by a line joining the following positions:
b. 44°00'40''N, 9°59'00''E. a. 44°03'32''N, 9°51'10''E.
c. 44°03'54''N, 9°54'00''E. b. 43°54'06''N, 10°06'40''E.
d. 44°04'36''N, 9°53'01''E. c. 43°50'00''N, 9°59'00''E.
e. 44°04'00''N, 9°52'22''E. Prohibited airspace from the surface up to unlimited ceiling
f. 44°03'18''N, 9°53'20''E. for firing practice. Scheduled continuously from 0800 to 1700
The area is further subdivided into the following zones: Monday through Friday from 1 September to 30 June.
1. M502A—Bounded by lines joining the following posi-
tions: R42—Bounded by a line joining the following positions:
a. 44°00'00''N, 9°58'14''E. a. 42°16'30''N, 11°39'40''E.
b. 44°00'00''N, 9°59'00''E. b. 42°17'16''N, 11°33'29''E.
c. 44°03'00''N, 9°54'00''E. c. 42°12'38''N, 11°33'24''E.
d. 44°03'00''N, 9°53'20''E. d. 42°10'05''N, 11°40'15''E.
2. M502B—Bounded by lines joining the following posi- e. 42°15'05''N, 11°40'48''E.
tions: Regulated air space from the surface up to an altitude of
a. 44°03'54''N, 9°54'00''E. 900m from sunrise to sunset for firing practice. Scheduled
b. 44°04'36''N, 9°53'01''E. from 30 minutes prior to sunrise and 30 minutes after sunset.
c. 44°04'00''N, 9°52'22''E.
d. 44°03'18''N, 9°53'20''E. R14—Bounded by a lines joining the following positions:
Naval Units present in this zone have on their stern equip- a. 42°00'57''N, 11°58'26''E.
ment for mechanical and magnetic sweeping or wire-guided b. 41°59'10''N, 12°02'00''E.
underwater craft. c. 41°55'00''N, 11°57'30''E.
d. 41°58'30''N, 11°55'12''E.
M503—Bounded by a line joining the following positions: e. 42°00'28''N, 11°58'06''E.
a. 44°01'00''N, 9°58'06''E.
b. 44°01'00''N, 10°05'00''E. R21—Bounded by a line joining the following positions:
c. 43°57'24''N, 10°10'00''E. a. 44°54'00''N, 12°20'25''E.
d. 43°50'00''N, 10°06'00''E. b. 44°54'00''N, 12°40'00''E.
e. 43°54'00''N, 9°54'00''E. c. 43°48'06''N, 13°31'47''E.
The area is further subdivided into the following zones: d. 43°46'27''N, 13°13'11''E.
1. Zone A—Bounded by lines joining the following posi- e. 44°00'16''N, 11°58'50''E.
tions: f. 44°16'00''N, 11°56'00''E.
a. 44°01'00''N, 9°58'06''E. Regulated air space due to intensive military aircraft activ-
b. 44°01'00''N, 10°05'00''E. ity. The area is operational according to the following sched-
c. 43°56'00''N, 10°02'18''E. ule:
d. 43°58'00''N, 9°56'24''E. • Monday and Wednesday—from 0700 to 2200.
2. Zone B—Bounded by lines joining the following posi- • Tuesday and Thursday—from 0700 to 1700.
tions: • Friday—from 0700 to 1300.
Pub. 140
Italy 351
R26—Bounded by a line joining the following positions: D40B—Bounded by a line joining the following positions:
a. 44°53'10''N, 12°12'57''E. a. 39°57'58''N, 7°37'32''E.
b. 43°56'19''N, 12°58'02''E. b. then a circular arc with a radius of 15 miles centered
c. 43°50'25''N, 12°54'28''E. on position 39°46'44''N, 7°50'29''E counterclockwise to po-
d. 43°54'59''N, 12°30'52''E. sition 39°47'02''N, 7°30'58''E.
e. 44°17'37''N, 11°55'36''E. c. 39°13'00''N, 7°30'00''E.
f. 44°44'04''N, 11°50'01''E. d. 39°00'00''N, 7°34'00''E.
Regulated air space due to intensive military aircraft activ- e. 39°10'00''N, 7°10'00''E.
ity. The area is operational, except for public holidays, ac- f. 39°30'00''N, 7°10'00''E.
cording to the following schedule: Hazardous zone due to air-to-air firing and air combat train-
• Monday to Friday—from 0500 to 2200. ing. Scheduled from 30 minutes prior to sunrise to 30 minutes
• Saturday—from 0500 to 1300. after sunset, from Monday through Friday, except public holi-
days.
R70—A circle with a radius of 4,000m centered on position
43°17'00''N, 10°31'08''E. D111A—Bounded by a line joining the following positions:
a. 40°00'00''N, 10°00'00''E.
T801—Bounded by a line joining the following positions: b. 40°00'00''N, 10°30'00''E.
a. 44°00'00''N, 9°28'00''E. c. 39°10'00''N, 10°30'00''E.
b. 44°00'00''N, 9°53'00''E. d. 39°10'00''N, 10°00'00''E.
c. 43°45'00''N, 9°53'00''E. e. 39°26'00''N, 9°38'00''E.
d. 43°45'00''N, 9°39'00''E. f. 39°38'00''N, 9°38'00''E.
Regulated air space from the surface to an altitude of
T802—Bounded by a line joining the following positions: 7,400m due to intensive military aircraft activity and firing
a. 44°04'30''N, 9°45'00''E. exercises. The area is operational Monday to Friday from
b. 43°59'00''N, 9°37'00''E. 0700 to 1700, except public holidays.
c. 43°53'30''N, 9°45'00''E.
d. 43°59'00''N, 9°53'00''E. D111B—Bounded by a line joining the following positions:
a. 40°00'00''N, 10°00'00''E.
a. 44°03'40''N, 9°51'54''E. c. 39°10'00''N, 10°30'00''E.
b. 44°02'45''N, 9°55'18''E. d. 39°10'00''N, 10°00'00''E.
c. 43°53'30''N, 10°06'30''E. e. 39°26'00''N, 9°38'00''E.
d. 43°50'30''N, 10°00'00''E. f. 39°38'00''N, 9°38'00''E.
e. 44°00'36''N, 9°52'00''E. Regulated air space above an altitude of 7,400m due to in-
Also included is an area extending a distance of 15 miles tensive military aircraft activity and firing exercises. The ar-
from Buoy B1, near the center of Diga Foranea, between the ea is operational from 21 September to 20 June, Monday to
bearings of 135° and 165°. Scheduled daily from 1 September Friday from 0700 to 1700, except public holidays.
until 30 June.
D112A/B—Bounded by a line joining the following posi-
T842—Bounded by a line joining the following positions: tions:
a. 43°13'00''N, 14°19'00''E. a. 40°15'00''N, 10°00'00''E.
b. 43°25'00''N, 14°33'00''E. b. 40°15'00''N, 11°31'00''E.
c. 43°11'00''N, 14°55'00''E. c. 40°11'00''N, 11°33'00''E.
d. 42°59'00''N, 14°41'00''E. d. 39°32'00''N, 11°38'00''E.
e. 38°52'00''N, 11°28'00''E.
D40A—Bounded by a line joining the following positions: f. 39°10'00''N, 10°00'00''E.
a. 40°20'00''N, 8°10'00''E. g. 39°28'00''N, 9°38'00''E.
b. 38°40'00''N, 8°10'00''E. h. 39°43'00''N, 9°40'00''E.
c. 38°40'00''N, 7°38'00''E. Regulated air space due to intensive military aircraft activ-
d. 39°00'00''N, 7°38'00''E. ity and firing exercises. The area is operational from 21 Sep-
e. 39°00'00''N, 7°34'00''E. tember to 20 June, Monday to Friday from 0700 to 1700,
f. 39°13'00''N, 7°30'00''E. except public holidays.
g. 39°47'02''N, 7°30'58''E.
h. then a circular arc with a radius of 15 miles centered D113A/B—Bounded by a line joining the following posi-
on position 39°46'44''N, 7°50'29''E up to position tions:
39°57'58''N, 7°37'32''E and ending at position 40°20'00''N, a. 40°37'00''N, 9°50'00''E.
8°10'00''E. b. 40°40'00''N, 10°35'00''E.
Hazardous zone due to air-to-air firing and air combat train- c. 40°40'00''N, 10°50'00''E.
ing. Scheduled from 30 minutes prior to sunrise to 30 minutes d. 39°20'00''N, 10°50'00''E.
after sunset, from Monday through Friday, except public holi- e. 39°20'00''N, 9°47'00''E.
days. f. 39°24'00''N, 9°40'00''E.
Pub. 140
352 Italy
Regulated air space due to intensive military aircraft activ- Note.—This area is a subzone of Area E311.
ity and firing exercises. The area is operational from 21 Sep-
tember to 20 June, Monday to Friday from 0700 to 1700, R39—Bounded by a line joining the following positions:
except public holidays. a. 39°54'40''N, 9°44'20''E.
b. 40°08'00''N, 9°52'50''E.
D114A/B—Bounded by a line joining the following posi- c. 40°00'00''N, 10°08'00''E.
tions: d. 39°48'00''N, 10°00'00''E.
a. 40°37'00''N, 9°54'00''E. e. 39°26'30''N, 9°37'00''E.
b. 40°42'00''N, 11°17'00''E. f. 39°34'27''N, 9°24'35''E.
c. 40°11'00''N, 11°33'00''E. g. 39°39'55''N, 9°21'54''E.
d. 39°46'00''N, 11°36'00''E. Regulated air space due to intensive military aircraft activ-
e. 39°02'00''N, 10°17'00''E. ity and firing exercises. The area is operational from 21 Sep-
f. 39°04'00''N, 10°08'00''E. tember to 20 June Monday to Friday from 0700 to 1900,
g. 39°26'00''N, 9°38'00''E. except public holidays.
Regulated air space due to intensive military aircraft activ-
ity and firing exercises. The area is operational from 21 Sep- P17—Bounded by a line joining the following positions:
tember to 20 June, Monday to Friday from 0700 to 1700, a. 41°18'30''N, 9°19'00''E.
except public holidays. b. 41°18'30''N, 9°34'00''E.
c. 41°11'00''N, 9°34'00''E.
D115A/B—Bounded by a line joining the following posi- d. 41°07'00''N, 9°19'00''E.
tions:
a. 40°39'25''N, 10°31'48''E. R46—Bounded by a line joining the following positions:
b. 40°42'00''N, 11°17'00''E. a. 39°05'00''N, 8°29'00''E.
c. 40°11'00''N, 11°33'00''E. b. 38°57'00''N, 8°43'00''E.
d. 39°32'00''N, 11°38'00''E. c. 38°50'00''N, 8°51'00''E.
e. 38°52'00''N, 11°28'00''E. d. 38°41'00''N, 8°51'00''E.
f. 39°03'49''N, 10°30'32''E. e. 38°41'00''N, 8°45'00''E.
Regulated air space due to intensive military aircraft activ- f. 38°50'00''N, 8°23'00''E.
ity. The area is operational Monday to Friday from 0500 to Regulated air space from the surface up to an altitude of
2200, except public holidays. 8,000m. Scheduled continuously from 0001 Monday to 2400
Saturday, except public holidays.
D115C—Bounded by a line joining the following positions:
a. 40°39'25''N, 10°31'48''E. R54—Bounded by a line joining the following positions:
b. 39°03'49''N, 10°30'32''E. a. 40°20'00''N, 8°10'00''E.
c. 39°10'00''N, 10°00'00''E. b. 40°20'00''N, 8°15'00''E.
d. 39°24'00''N, 9°40'00''E. c. 40°09'00''N, 8°27'30''E.
e. 40°37'00''N, 9°54'00''E. d. 39°35'02''N, 8°49'49''E.
Regulated air space due to intensive military aircraft activ- e. 39°19'00''N, 8°51'00''E.
ity. The area is operational Monday to Friday from 0500 to f. 39°06'00''N, 8°26'14''E.
2200, except public holidays. g. 38°45'00''N, 8°10'00''E.
Regulated air space from the surface up to an altitude of
E311—Bounded by the coast and a line joining the follow- 19,200m. Scheduled continuously, from Monday to Friday, ex-
ing positions: cept public holidays.
a. 38°55'10''N, 8°42'30''E.
b. 38°50'00''N, 8°48'00''E. R59—A circle with a radius of 5 miles centered on position
c. 38°46'15''N, 8°48'00''E. 39°46'00''N, 8°27'00''E.
d. 38°43'30''N, 8°41'15''E. Regulated air space from the surface up to an altitude of
e. 38°49'00''N, 8°26'00''E. (coast of Isla Rossa) 4,500m due to air-to-ground firing practice. Scheduled contin-
f. 38°57'00''N, 8°37'06''E. uously from 0001 Sunday to 1200 Saturday, except public hol-
idays.
C311—Bounded by a line joining the following positions:
a. 38°57'00''N, 8°37'06''E. T811—Bounded by the coast and a line joining the follow-
b. 38°56'00''N, 8°31'42''E. ing positions:
c. 38°54'00''N, 8°30'42''E. a. 38°55'10''N, 8°42'30''E. (coast)
d. 38°51'48''N, 8°31'24''E. b. 38°50'00''N, 8°50'00''E.
e. 38°50'00''N, 8°32'48''E. c. 38°40'00''N, 8°50'00''E.
f. 38°49'00''N, 8°37'00''E. d. 38°40'00''N, 8°39'00''E.
g. 38°48'54''N, 8°41'18''E. e. 38°40'00''N, 8°24'30''E.
h. 38°50'36''N, 8°44'42''E. f. Isola del Toro.
i. 38°52'18''N, 8°45'48''E. g. Isola la Vacca.
j. 38°55'10''N, 8°42'30''E. h. 39°00'00''N, 8°29'00''E.
Pub. 140
Italy 353
i. 39°00'00''N, 8°32'00''E. Friday.

j. Punta Menga.
The area is further subdivided into the following zones: D20—Bounded by a line joining the following positions:
1. Zone A—Bounded by lines joining the following posi- a. 37°15'00''N, 13°30'00''E.
tions: b. 36°45'00''N, 14°30'00''E.
a. Punta Menga. c. 36°35'00''N, 14°30'00''E.
b. 39°00'00''N, 8°32'00''E. d. 36°35'00''N, 13°30'00''E.
c. 39°00'00''N, 8°29'00''E. Regulated air space due to intense firing activities. Sched-
a. Isola La Vacca. uled continuously from Monday to Friday.
a. Isola del Toro.
a. 38°40'00''N, 8°24'30''E. D44—A circle with a radius of 35 miles centered on position
a. 38°40'00''N, 8°39'00''E. 37°05'00''N, 16°20'00''E.
a. Capo Teulada. Hazardous air space from sea to an altitude of 900m due to
2. Zone B—Bounded by lines joining the following posi- ASW exercises and firing practice. Operates continuously.
tions:
a. Capo Teulada. D75—Bounded by a line joining the following positions:
b. 38°40'00''N, 8°39'00''E. a. 36°30'00''N, 15°30'00''E.
c. 38°40'00''N, 8°50'00''E. b. 37°00'00''N, 15°30'00''E.
d. 38°50'00''N, 8°50'00''E. c. 36°55'00''N, 17°00'00''E.
e. 38°55'10''N, 8°42'30''E. d. 36°30'00''N, 17°08'00''E.
T812—Bounded by a line joining the following positions: E321—A circle with a radius of 2,700m centered on position
a. 39°42'48''N, 8°26'48''E. 36°39'19''N, 15°00'52''E.
b. 39°42'48''N, 8°23'12''E.
c. 39°44'18''N, 8°22'30''E. E322—Bounded by a line joining the following positions:
d. 39°46'00''N, 8°22'42''E. a. 39°46'36''N, 15°47'31''E.
e. 39°47'30''N, 8°23'48''E. b. 39°46'37''N, 15°47'45''E.
f. 39°48'30''N, 8°25'12''E. c. 39°46'19''N, 15°47'56''E.
g. 39°49'00''N, 8°28'00''E. d. 39°46'16''N, 15°47'35''E.
h. 39°48'06''N, 8°30'00''E.
i. 39°44'12''N, 8°28'54''E. M521—Bounded by a line joining the following positions:
Anchorage, navigation, fishing, and related activities are a. 37°48'00''N, the coast.
prohibited Monday through Friday, from 0730 until 1730, from b. 37°42'00''N, 12°15'00''E.
7 January until 30 June and again from 1 September until 21 c. 37°42'00''N, 12°00'00''E.
December. d. 38°08'00''N, 12°00'00''E.
e. 38°08'00''N, 12°30'00''E.
South of Alghero—An area bounded by a line joining the f. the coast, 12°30'00''E.
following positions: The area is further subdivided into the following zones:
a. 40°30'00''N, 8°20'25''E. 1. Bounded by the parallels 38°08'00''N and 37°55'00''N
b. 40°29'48''N, 8°21'30''E. and the meridians 12°00'00''E and 12°15'00''E.
c. 40°29'00''N, 8°22'00''E. 2. Bounded by the parallels 38°08'00''N and 37°55'00''N
d. 40°29'00''N, 8°19'00''E. and the meridians 12°15'00''E and 12°30'00''E.
e. 40°30'00''N, 8°19'00''E. 3. Bounded by the parallels 37°55'00''N and 37°42'00''N
The area may be temporarily prohibited to navigation due to and the meridians 12°00'00''E and 12°15'00''E.
the presence of submerged and surface obstacles and firing 4. Bounded by a line joining the following positions:
practice with portable arms. a. 37°48'00''N, the coast.
b. 37°42'00''N, 12°15'00''E.
MARITIME COMMAND SICILY—AUGUSTA c. 37°55'00''N, 12°15'00''E.
d. 37°55'00''N, the coast.
D13—Bounded by a line joining the following positions: Naval units present in this zone may have on their stern
a. 37°54'00''N, 11°30'00''E. equipment for mechanical, magnetic-sweeping, or wire-guided
b. 37°54'00''N, 12°00'00''E. underwater craft.
c. 37°25'00''N, 12°25'00''E.
d. 37°12'00''N, 13°10'00''E. M522—Bounded by a line joining the following positions:
e. 36°35'00''N, 13°10'00''E. a. The coast, 15°17'00''E.
f. 36°35'00''N, 12°22'00''E. b. 38°14'00''N, 15°17'00''E.
g. 36°57'00''N, 12°22'00''E. c. 38°20'00''N, 15°30'00''E.
h. 37°11'19''N, 12°08'30''E. d. 38°20'00''N, 15°37'00''E.
i. 37°11'19''N, 11°30'00''E. e. The coast, 15°37'00''E.
Regulated air space from the surface up to 2,250m due to in- The area is further subdivided into the following zones:
tense firing activities. Scheduled continuously from Monday to 1. Zone A—Bounded by lines joining the following posi-
Pub. 140
354 Italy
tions: d. 37°04'30''N, 15°21'24''E.
a. The coast, 15°17'00''E. e. 37°14'14''N, 15°15'15''E.
b. 38°14'00''N, 15°17'00''E.
c. 38°17'12''N, 15°24'00''E. T822—Bounded by the parallels 37°11'00''N and
d. The coast, 15°24'00''E. 36°51'00''N, and the meridians 15°25'00''E and 15°53'00''E.
2. Zone B—Bounded by lines joining the following posi-
tions: T823—Bounded by the parallels 37°25'00''N and
a. The coast, 15°24'00''E. 37°15'00''N, and the meridians 15°35'00''E and 15°48'00''E.
b. 38°17'12''N, 15°24'00''E.
c. 38°20'00''N, 15°30'00''E. T824—Bounded by the parallels 37°11'00''N and
d. The coast, 15°30'00''E. 37°00'00''N, and the meridians 15°25'00''E and 15°43'00''E.
3. Zone C—Bounded by lines joining the following posi-
tions: Augusta—Punta Izzo—Bounded by the parallels
a. The coast, 15°30'00''E. 37°14'15''N and 37°18'21''N and the meridians 15°15'18''E and
b. 38°20'00''N, 15°30'00''E. 15°17'51''E.
c. 38°20'00''N, 15°37'00''E. Firing range facing the sea for firing practice with small
d. The coast, 15°37'00''E. arms.
Naval units present in this zone have on their stern equip-
ment for mechanical, magnetic-sweeping, or wire-guided un- Messina—Tono—Bounded by a line joining the following
derwater craft. positions:
a. 38°17'39''N, 15°34'06''E.
P31—Bounded by a line joining the following positions: b. 38°17'35''N, 15°34'35''E.
a. 37°18'00''N, 15°20'00''E. c. 38°17'20''N, 15°34'18''E.
b. 37°05'00''N, 15°20'00''E. d. 38°17'23''N, 15°34'05''E.
d. 37°18'00''N, 15°05'00''E. arms.
R105—Bounded by a line joining the following positions: Milazzo—Rio Rosso—Bounded by a line joining the fol-
a. 38°45'00''N, 13°41'00''E. lowing positions:
b. 38°32'32''N, 13°39'27''E. a. 38°12'00''N, 15°11'30''E.
c. 38°08'00''N, 13°27'00''E. b. 38°12'30''N, 15°12'00''E.
d. 37°53'00''N, 14°17'00''E. c. 38°12'00''N, 15°13'20''E.
e. 38°45'00''N, 14°04'00''E. d. 38°11'15''N, 15°13'00''E.
Regulated air space due to intense military aircraft activity. Firing range facing the sea for firing practice with small
Scheduled Monday to Friday from 0500 to 2300, except arms.
public holidays.
Trapani—Fassino Custonaci—Bounded by a line joining
R106—Bounded by a line joining the following positions: the following positions:
a. 37°43'00''N, 13°34'30''E. a. 38°08'30''N, 12°40'54''E.
b. 37°42'00''N, 13°25'00''E. b. 38°08'40''N, 12°43'02''E.
c. 37°09'00''N, 13°25'00''E. c. 38°06'20''N, 12°42'27''E.
d. 36°35'00''N, 13°55'00''E. d. 38°07'10''N, 12°39'30''E.
e. 36°35'00''N, 14°09'00''E. Firing range facing the sea for firing practice with small
f. 37°32'00''N, 14°17'30''E. arms.
Regulated air space due to intense military aircraft activity.
The area is operational Monday to Friday from 0500 to Arigento—Drasi (Zone A)—Bounded by a line joining the
2300, except public holidays. following positions:
a. 37°12'00''N, 13°40'00''E.
R38A/B—A circle with a radius of 15 miles centered on po- b. 37°11'00''N, 13°39'00''E.
sition 36°40'20''N, 15°00'53''E and bounded on the S by a line c. 37°12'30''N, 13°37'40''E.
joining the following positions: d. 37°12'20''N, 13°39'18''E.
a. 36°30'00'N,14°47'03''E. Firing range facing the sea for firing practice with small
b. 36°30'00'N,15°14'26''E. arms.
Regulated air space from the surface up to ceiling unlimited
due to intense air-to-ground firing. The area is operational Arigento—Drasi (Zone B)—Bounded by a line joining the
Monday to Friday from 0500 to 2200, except public holidays. following positions:
a. 37°14'00''N, 13°37'18''E.
a. 37°22'30''N, 15°20'00''E. c. 37°07'48''N, 13°35'24''E.
b. 37°22'30''N, 15°29'00''E. d. 37°11'35''N, 13°39'45''E.
Pub. 140
Italy 355
arms. b. 40°45'00''N, 18°13'30''E.

c. 40°47'00''N, 18°10'00''E.
Gela—Montelungo—Bounded by a line joining the follow- d. 40°53'04''N, 18°10'53''E.
ing positions: e. 40°53'04''N, 18°28'58''E.
a. 37°05'06''N, 14°11'12''E. Hazardous air space from the surface up to ceiling unlimit-
b. 37°02'35''N, 14°11'12''E. ed due to intense air-to-ground firing.
c. 37°02'35''N, 14°12'36''E.
d. 37°04'36''N, 14°12'36''E. D25C—Bounded by a line joining the following positions:
Firing range facing the sea for firing practice with small a. 40°53'04''N, 18°10'53''E.
arms. b. 41°05'00''N, 18°12'30''E.
c. 41°05'00''N, 18°16'30''E.
Locri—Torrente Gerace—Bounded by a line joining the d. 40°53'04''N, 18°28'58''E.
following positions: Hazardous air space from the surface up to ceiling unlimited
a. 38°10'30''N, 16°15'43''E. due to intense air-to-ground firing.
b. 38°13'03''N, 16°15'10''E.
c. 38°13'24''N, 16°15'30''E. D28A—Bounded by a line joining the following positions:
d. 38°13'00''N, 16°18'38''E. a. 40°17'00''N, 17°00'00''E.
e. 38°11'35''N, 16°17'50''E. b. 40°17'00''N, 17°15'00''E.
Firing range facing the sea for firing practice with small c. 40°10'00''N, 17°30'00''E.
arms. d. 39°50'00''N, 17°17'00''E.
e. 40°04'00''N, 17°00'00''E.
Pantellaria—Pinta Spadillo—Bounded by a line joining Hazardous air space from the surface up to ceiling unlimit-
the following positions: ed due to intense air-to-ground firing. In operation 24 hours.
a. 36°49'26''N, 12°00'43''E.
b. 36°49'22''N, 12°00'23''E. D28B—Bounded by a line joining the following positions:
c. 36°50'20''N, 11°59'45''E. a. 40°10'00''N, 17°30'00''E.
d. 36°50'13''N, 12°01'02''E. b. 40°02'00''N, 17°37'00''E.
Firing range facing the sea for firing practice with small c. 39°50'00''N, 17°37'00''E.
arms. d. 39°50'00''N, 17°17'00''E.
Hazardous air space from the surface up to ceiling unlimit-
MARITIME COMMAND SOUTH—TARANTO ed due to intense air-to-ground firing. In operation 24 hours.
D15—Bounded by a line joining the following positions: D84—Bounded by a line joining the following positions:
a. 39°40'00''N, 18°00'00''E. a. 40°34'30''N, 12°19'47''E.
b. 39°40'00''N, 18°40'00''E. b. 40°24'19''N, 12°49'30''E.
c. 39°32'00''N, 19°00'00''E. c. 39°59'28''N, 12°49'30''E.
d. 38°53'00''N, 19°00'00''E. d. 39°13'26''N, 12°22'13''E.
e. 38°53'00''N, 17°50'00''E. e. 39°24'02''N, 11°51'16''E.
Hazardous air space from the surface up to 1,650m due to f. 39°43'59''N, 11°51'16''E.
intense military aircraft activity. Hazardous air space due to in-flight refueling operations.
In operation 24 hours.
D25A—Bounded by a line joining the following positions:
a. 40°45'00''N, 18°37'30''E. D117—Bounded by a line joining the following positions:
b. 40°40'00''N, 18°37'30''E. a. 40°21'00''N, 19°00'00''E.
c. 40°40'00''N, 18°21'20''E. b. 39°32'00''N, 19°00'00''E.
d. 40°45'00''N, 18°13'30''E. c. 39°40'00''N, 18°40'00''E.
Hazardous air space from the surface up to 3,200m due to d. 40°00'00''N, 18°44'00''E.
intense air-to-ground firing. e. 40°12'30''N, 18°30'00''E.
f. 40°21'00''N, 18°30'00''E.
Approaches to Brindisi—East of Capo di Torre Caval-
lo—Bounded by a line joining the following positions: E332—Bounded by a line joining the following positions:
a. 40°38'40.2''N, 18°01'12.0''E. a. 41°27'16''N, 12°40'55''E.
b. 40°39'52.2''N, 18°03'40.2''E. b. 41°22'00''N, 12°36'00''E.
c. 40°39'00.0''N, 18°04'24.0''E. c. 41°16'00''N, 12°55'00''E.
d. 40°37'51.0''N, 18°04'27.0''E. d. 41°21'50''N, 12°56'56''E.
e. 40°36'39.0''N, 18°03'22.2''E.
f. 40°38'07.8''N, 18°01'12.0''E. E333—Bounded by a line joining the following positions:
Small arms firing area. a. 41°27'20''N, 12°39'20''E.
b. 41°24'30''N, 12°35'30''E.
D25B—Bounded by a line joining the following positions: c. 41°13'00''N, 12°41'30''E.
a. 40°45'00''N, 18°37'30''E. d. 41°08'30''N, 12°50'00''E.
Pub. 140
356 Italy
e. 41°13'00''N, 12°56'40''E. a. 40°26'00''N, 16°56'00''E.
f. 41°21'40''N, 12°56'50''E. b. 40°26'00''N, 17°05'30''E.
c. 40°21'00''N, 17°05'30''E.
E334—Bounded by a line joining the following positions: d. 40°21'00''N, 16°52'00''E.
a. 41°18'16''N, 13°00'18''E. The Naval Units present in this zone have on their stern
b. 41°15'50''N, 12°59'40''E. equipment for mechanical, magnetic-sweeping, or wire-guided
c. 41°17'30''N, 12°56'15''E. underwater craft.
d. 41°20'30''N, 12°56'00''E.
e. 41°19'40''N, 12°59'08''E. M533—Bounded by a line joining the following positions:
a. The coast, 17°12'20''E.
E335—Bounded by the parallels 40°48'00''N, and b. 40°24'00''N, 17°12'20''E.
40°59'00''N, the meridian 13°48'00''E, and the coast. c. 40°23'54''N, 17°13'24''E.
d. The coast, 17°13'24''E.
E336—Bounded by a line joining the following positions: The Naval Units present in this zone have on their stern
a. 41°27'16''N, 12°40'55''E. equipment for mechanical, magnetic-sweeping, or wire-guided
b. 41°22'00''N, 12°36'00''E. underwater craft.
c. 41°16'00''N, 12°55'00''E.
d. 41°20'30''N, 12°55'50''E. M534—Bounded by a line joining the following positions:
e. 41°24'57''N, 12°48'37''E. a. 40°38'24''N, 18°01'30''E.
b. 40°39'12''N, 18°04'00''E.
E337—Bounded by a line joining the following positions: c. 40°36'12''N, 18°06'30''E.
a. 38°49'49''N, 16°38'29''E. d. 40°35'13''N, 18°04'00''E.
b. 38°50'15''N, 16°38'45''E. The Naval Units present in this zone have on their stern
c. 38°50'11''N, 16°39'17''E. equipment for mechanical, magnetic-sweeping, or wire-guided
d. 38°48'37''N, 16°41'11''E. underwater craft.
e. 38°47'53''N, 16°39'59''E.
f. 38°47'53''N, 16°37'45''E. P8A/B—Bounded by a line joining the following positions:
a. 41°28'25''N, 12°41'46''E.
E338—Bounded by a line joining the following positions: b. 41°24'51''N, 12°48'42''E.
a. 40°25'31''N, 18°15'30''E. c. 41°24'17''N, 12°45'40''E.
b. 40°30'20''N, 18°16'30''E. d. 41°26'45''N, 12°40'47''E.
c. 40°29'25''N, 18°19'03''E. Prohibited air space (hazardous outside territorial waters)
d. 40°27'45''N, 18°20'58''E. from the surface to unlimited ceiling due to firing practice
e. 40°25'55''N, 18°22'28''E. and airborne target towing.
f. 40°23'05''N, 18°23'18''E.
g. 40°23'54''N, 18°17'30''E. P55—Bounded by a line joining the following positions:
a. 40°25'31''N, 18°15'30''E.
E339—Bounded by a line joining the following positions: b. 40°30'20''N, 18°16'30''E.
a. 41°09'05''N, 16°47'18''E. c. 40°29'25''N, 18°19'03''E.
b. 41°11'20''N, 16°47'08''E. d. 40°27'45''N, 18°20'58''E.
c. 41°10'57''N, 16°48'59''E. e. 40°25'55''N, 18°22'28''E.
d. 41°09'40''N, 16°50'12''E. f. 40°23'05''N, 18°23'18''E.
e. 41°09'03''N, 16°47'34''E. g. 40°23'54''N, 18°17'30''E.
Regulated air space due to firing exercises and intense mil-
E3310—Bounded by a line joining the following positions: itary aircraft activities.
a. 41°21'45''N, 16°12'16''E.
b. 41°26'00''N, 16°13'29''E. P97—A circle with a radius of 1 mile centered on position
c. 41°24'00''N, 16°19'09''E. 41°25'27''N, 12°48'23''E.
d. 41°21'20''N, 16°16'23''E.
e. 41°20'30''N, 16°14'08''E. R7—Bounded by a line joining the following positions:
a. 41°25'50''N, 12°38'00''E.
E341—Bounded by the parallel 42°07'00''N, the coast, and b. 41°28'55''N, 12°42'40''E.
the meridians 14°44'00''E and 14°47'00''E. c. 41°23'10''N, 12°53'30''E.
d. 41°15'00''N, 12°54'00''E.
M531—Bounded by a line joining the following positions: e. 41°10'25''N, 12°50'00''E.
a. 40°46'00''N, 13°51'00''E. f. 41°15'00''N, 12°44'00''E.
b. 40°43'00''N, 13°50'00''E. Regulated air space from surface up to unlimited ceiling
c. 40°44'00''N, 13°40'00''E. due to intensive firing practice. The area is operational from
d. 40°49'00''N, 13°42'00''E. 1 September to 30 June, except for public holidays, accord-
ing to the following schedule:
M532—Bounded by a line joining the following positions: • Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, and Friday—from
Pub. 140
Italy 357
0730 to 1700. c. 40°20'00''N, 18°07'00''E.

• Thursday—From 0730 to 2200. d. 39°51'00''N, 18°42'00''E.
e. 39°40'00''N, 18°40'00''E.
R24—Bounded by a line joining the following positions: f. 39°21'41''N, 17°44'28''E.
a. 40°32'27''N, 14°54'36''E. g. 40°09'00''N, 17°35'00''E.
b. 40°30'18''N, 14°49'12''E. Regulated air space due to firing exercise. Scheduled
c. 40°24'54''N, 14°52'30''E. Monday to Friday from 0500 to 2300 and Saturday from
d. 40°27'21''N, 14°57'42''E. 0500 to 1300, except public holidays.
Regulated air space from surface to 1,500m (hazardous
outside territorial waters) due to firing exercise. R88A—Bounded by a line joining the following positions:
a. 40°35'30''N, 17°56'00''E.
P27—Bounded by a line joining the following positions: b. 40°40'45''N, 18°05'43''E.
a. 40°37'00''N, 17°03'00''E. c. 40°35'40''N, 18°09'58''E.
b. 40°37'00''N, 17°21'10''E. d. 40°31'00''N, 17°59'00''E.
c. 40°22'50''N, 17°21'10''E. Regulated air space due to intense firing activity. Sched-
d. 40°17'00''N, 17°18'30''E. uled Monday to Friday from 0700 to 1500, except public
e. 40°17'00''N, 17°03'00''E. holidays.
P27A—A circle with a radius of 1,500m centered on posi- R88B—Bounded by a line joining the following positions:
tion 40°29'06''N, 17°15'16''E. Scheduled on Monday/Wednes- a. 40°35'30''N, 17°56'00''E.
day/Friday from 0700 to 1700. b. 40°40'45''N, 18°05'43''E.
c. 40°34'44''N, 18°11'00''E.
R60—Bounded by a line joining the following positions: d. 40°22'45''N, 18°03'00''E.
a. 40°26'00''N, 17°41'00''E. e. 40°25'48''N, 17°53'00''E.
b. 40°26'00''N, 17°53'00''E. f. 40°29'16''N, 17°53'00''E.
c. 40°15'00''N, 18°27'00''E. Regulated air space due to intense firing activity. Sched-
d. 40°00'00''N, 18°44'00''E. uled Monday to Friday from 0700 to 1500, except public
e. 39°40'00''N, 18°40'00''E. holidays.
f. 39°40'00''N, 17°41'00''E.
g. 40°15'00''N, 17°34'00''E. R116 (Zone A)—Bounded by a line joining the following
Regulated air space due to firing exercise. Scheduled positions:
Monday to Thursday from 0600 to 2300 and Friday from a. 41°34'00''N, 16°00'00''E.
0600 to 1800, except public holidays. b. 41°42'16''N, 16°11'55''E.
c. 41°34'22''N, 16°30'10''E.
R60A—Bounded by a line joining the following positions: d. 41°23'00''N, 16°17'30''E.
a. 40°26'00''N, 17°11'00''E. e. 41°27'22''N, 16°02'15''E.
b. 40°26'00''N, 17°41'00''E.
c. 40°15'00''N, 17°34'00''E. R116 (Zone B)—Bounded by a line joining the following
d. 39°40'00''N, 17°41'00''E. positions:
e. 39°40'00''N, 17°10'00''E. a. 41°42'16''N, 16°11'55''E.
Regulated air space due to firing exercise. Scheduled b. 41°54'00''N, 16°29'03''E.
Monday to Thursday from 0600 to 2300 and Friday from c. 41°41'00''N, 16°46'00''E.
0600 to 1800, except public holidays. d. 41°36'00''N, 16°32'00''E.
e. 41°34'22''N, 16°30'10''E.
R66 (Zone A)—Bounded by a line joining the following po-
sitions: R118—Bounded by a line joining the following positions:
a. 40°20'32''N, 16°16'00''E. a. 41°40'00''N, 15°16'00''E.
b. 40°26'00''N, 16°50'00''E. b. 42°00'00''N, 14°42'00''E.
c. 40°26'00''N, 17°10'00''E. c. 42°17'00''N, 14°50'00''E.
d. 40°09'00''N, 17°35'00''E. d. 42°20'00''N, 15°04'00''E.
e. 39°21'41''N, 17°44'28''E. e. 42°03'00''N, 15°28'00''E.
f. 39°10'00''N, 17°10'00''E.
g. 40°00'00''N, 16°00'00''E. T831—Bounded by a line joining the following positions:
Regulated air space due to intense military aircraft activity. a. 41°20'30''N, 12°56'00''E.
Scheduled Monday to Friday from 0500 to 2200 and Satur- b. 41°16'00''N, 12°55'00''E.
day from 0500 to 1300, except public holidays. c. 41°15'50''N, 12°59'40''E.
d. 41°17'30''N, 12°56'15''E.
R66 (Zone B)—Bounded by a line joining the following po- e. Zone set aside for firing practice by Coast Guard units
sitions: and is an extension of E334.
a. 40°26'00''N, 17°10'00''E.
b. 40°26'00''N, 17°53'00''E. T832—Bounded by the parallels 39°58'00''N and
Pub. 140
358 Italy
40°17'00''N, the meridian 16°51'00''E, and the coast. b. 41°27'00''N, 16°17'00''E.
c. 41°24'00''N, 16°20'00''E.
T833—Bounded by a line joining the following positions: d. 41°22'00''N, 16°20'00''E.
a. 40°24'30''N, 17°12'15''E. e. 41°25'00''N, 16°10'00''E.
b. 40°24'13''N, 17°13'49''E.
c. 40°24'05''N, 17°14'10''E. Taranto—Capo San Vito—Bounded by a line joining the
d. 40°21'45''N, 17°16'20''E. following positions:
e. 40°16'30''N, 17°30'00''E. a. 40°24'13''N, 17°13'49''E.
f. 40°00'00''N, 17°30'00''E. b. 40°22'30''N, 17°11'30''E.
g. 40°07'00''N, 17°12'00''E. c. 40°21'42''N, 17°12'42''E.
d. 40°21'32''N, 17°14'30''E.
T833-ALFA—Bounded by a line joining the following posi- e. 40°22'00''N, 17°16'00''E.
tions: f. 40°24'05''N, 17°14'10''E.
a. 40°16'30''N, 17°30'00''E. Firing range facing the sea for firing practice with small
b. 40°21'45''N, 17°16'20''E. arms.
c. 40°24'05''N, 17°14'10''E.
d. 40°24'13''N, 17°13'49''E. Brindisi—Punta della Contessa—An area bounded by a
e. 40°24'30''N, 17°12'15''E. line joining the following positions:
f. 40°17'00''N, 17°12'00''E. a. 40°35'32''N, 18°02'26''E.
g. 40°17'00''N, 17°15'00''E. b. 40°36'18''N, 18°02'06''E.
h. 40°10'00''N, 17°30'00''E. c. 40°39'41''N, 18°02'08''E.
Note.—This area is a subzone of Area T833. d. 40°36'05''N, 18°06'21''E.
Firing range facing the sea for firing practice with small
T833-BRAVO—Bounded by a line joining the following arms.
positions:
a. 40°17'00''N, 17°12'00''E. Brindisi—Capo Torre Cavallo—An area bounded by a line
b. 40°17'00''N, 17°15'00''E. joining the following positions:
c. 40°10'00''N, 17°30'00''E. a. 40°38'40.0''N, 18°01'12.0''E.
d. 40°00'00''N, 17°30'00''E. b. 40°39'52.1''N, 18°03'40.1''E.
e. 40°07'00''N, 17°12'00''E. c. 40°39'02.0''N, 18°04'24.0''E.
Note.—This area is a subzone of Area T833. d. 40°37'51.0''N, 18°04'27.0''E.
e. 40°36'39.0''N, 18°03'22.0''E.
T834—Bounded by a line joining the following positions: f. 40°38'08.0''N, 18°01'12.0''E.
a. 40°03'00''N, 17°13'00''E. Firing range facing the sea for firing practice with small
b. 39°52'00''N, 17°38'00''E. arms.
c. 39°34'00''N, 17°38'00''E.
d. 39°34'00''N, 17°13'00''E. Sabaudia—An area bounded by a line joining the following
The area is further subdivided into the following zones: positions:
A. Bounded by lines joining the following positions: a. 41°20'50''N, 12°41'00''E.
a. 40°03'00''N, 17°13'00''E. b. 41°16'20''N, 12°53'50''E.
b. 39°52'00''N, 17°38'00''E. c. 41°15'00''N, 12°54'00''E.
c. 39°47'00''N, 17°38'00''E. d. 41°10'25''N, 12°50'00''E.
d. 39°47'00''N, 17°13'00''E. e. 41°15'00''N, 12°44'00''E.
B. Bounded by the parallels 39°47'00''N and 39°34'00''N
and the meridians 17°13'00''E and 17°38'00''E. Missile Exercise Zones
The following sea zones of the Tyrrhenian Sea are prohibited
T835—Bounded by a line joining the following positions: to navigation, anchorage, fishing, and related activities within
a. 41°07'00''N, 17°41'00''E. the limits of the territorial waters, and are declared dangerous
b. 41°07'00''N, 17°53'00''E. outside of these limits due to missile firing exercises:
c. 40°51'00''N, 17°53'00''E. Zone 1
a. 40°00'N, 10°00'E.
T836—Bounded by a line joining the following positions: b. 40°00'N, 10°30'E.
a. 40°36'00''N, 18°32'00''E. c. 39°10'N, 10°30'E.
b. 40°39'00''N, 18°44'00''E. d. 39°10'N, 10°00'E.
c. 40°21'00''N, 18°44'00''E. e. 39°26'N, 9°38'E.
d. 40°32'00''N, 18°32'00''E. f. 39°38'N, 9°38'E.
In operation Monday through Friday, from 0800 to 1600 lo- Zone 2
cal time. a. 40°15'N, 10°00'E.
b. 40°15'N, 11°31’E.
T—Bounded by a line joining the following positions: c. 40°11'N, 11°33'E.
a. 41°30'00''N, 16°10'00''E. d. 39°32'N, 11°38'E.
Pub. 140
Italy 359
e. 38°52'N, 11°28'E. positions:

f. 39°10'N, 10°00'E. a. 41°48'24''N, 16°52'40''E.
g. 39°28'N, 9°38'E. b. 41°48'22''N, 16°54'13''E.
h. 39°43'N, 9°40'E. c. 41°44'30''N, 16°54'37''E.
Zone 3 d. 41°44'11''N, 16°53'17''E.
a. 40°37'N, 9°50'E. 21. Within 5 miles of 45°15.0'N, 13°00.0'E.
b. 40°40'N, 10°35'E. 22. Within 5 miles of 42°30.0'N, 15°20.0'E.
c. 40°40'N, 10°50'E. 23. Within an area bounded by lines joining the following
d. 39°20'N, 10°50'E. positions:
e. 39°20'N, 9°47'E. a. 44°05.0'N, 13°40.0'E.
f. 39°24'N, 9°40'E. b. 44°20.0'N, 13°20.0'E.
Zone 4 c. 44°24.0'N, 13°28.0'E.
a. 40°37'N, 9°54'E. d. 44°09.0'N, 13°48.0'E.
b. 40°42'N, 11°17'E. 24. Within 5 miles of 44°47'16''N, 13°08'02''E.
c. 40°11'N, 11°33'E. 25. Within 5 miles of 44°30'00''N, 13°30'00''E.
d. 39°46'N, 11°36'E. 26. Within 5 miles of 43°58'18''N, 14°14'59''E.
e. 39°02'N, 10°17'E. 27. Within 4 miles of 42°03'58''N, 17°22'02''E.
f. 39°04'N, 10°08'E. 28. Within an area bounded by lines joining the following
g. 39°26'N, 9°38'E. positions:
These zones are in use from 0800 to 2000 on Monday a. 41°20.0'N, 12°06.0'E.
through Friday, excluding public holidays, from 21 July b. 38°17.0'N, 12°14.0'E.
through 21 September. c. 38°12.0'N, 12°06.0'E.
On the above days and times, vessels that must navigate d. 38°20.0'N, 11°56.0'E.
through the prohibited zone to reach the coast, and particularly e. 38°25.0'N, 12°06.0'E.
the port of Arbatax, must be explicitly authorized to do so by 29. An explosive ordnance hazard is reported to exist in
the local maritime authority. Vessels must contact either or the vicinity of the following positions:
both of the following authorities if transiting the area: a. 40°41'N, 18°30'E.
1. Arbatax Maritime District Office on VHF channel 16 b. 41°20'N, 18°30'E.
(available from 0800 to 2000). c. 42°35'N, 17°36'E.
2. Cagliari Coast Radio Station by telephone at 0782- d. 41°48'N, 17°25'E.
667093 (available 24 hours). e. 42°00'N, 17°00'E.
f. 44°30'N, 13°16'E.
Explosives Dumping Areas
Explosives dumping areas are located in the Adriatic Sea and Waters around the coast of Albania
off the coast of Italy. These areas, which may best be seen on It is reported a mine was caught in a fishing net at position
the chart, are situated, as follows: 41°49'N, 18°36'E.
1. Within 4 miles of 42°03'58''N, 17°22'02''E.
2. Within 9 miles of 41°55'57''N, 17°25'13''E. Fishing Areas
3. Within 5 miles of 40°48'32''N, 18°51'09''E.
4. Within 5 miles of 39°49'00''N, 19°00'00''E. Tunny fishing in Italian waters occurs from March to No-
5. Within 4 miles of 42°03'32''N, 17°22'01''E. vember and usually takes place in depths of 15 to 40m within
6. Within 5 miles of 41°20'00''N, 18°44'00''E. 10 miles of the coast. On dark nights, small vessels may be en-
7. Within 1 mile of 41°26'00''N, 16°32'00''E. countered fishing by the light of flares. The motion the these
8. Within 4 miles of 41°46'30''N, 16°32'18''E. vessels may give the flares the appearance of flashing lights.
9. Within 5 miles of 40°41'00''N, 18°29'36''E. Care should be taken not to confuse the flares with navigation-
10. Within 3 miles of 42°00'00''N, 17°00'00''E. al lights.
11. Within 5 miles of 41°20'00''N, 18°30'00''E. Tunny nets are located as much as 7 miles offshore in Golfo
12. Within 5 miles of 41°41'00''N, 17°48'00''E. di Taranto.
13. Within 5 miles of 41°18'24''N, 18°38'15''E. Tunny nets are commonly located off the coasts of Sicily, as
14. Within 5 miles of 44°30'00''N, 13°30'00''E. follows:
15. Within 5 miles of 43°09'21''N, 14°43'31''E. 1. Between Punta del Saraceno (38°06.9'N., 12°40.4'E.)
16. Within 5 miles of 43°00'00''N, 14°40'00''E. and Punta San Giuliano, about 7.75 miles WSW.
17. Within 5 miles of 42°58'00''N, 14°33'27''E. 2. In the vicinity of Capo Granitola (37°33.6'N.,
18. Within 5 miles of 42°58'00''N, 14°46'09''E. 12°40.4'E.).
19. Within an area bounded by lines joining the following 3. In the waters around Isola Favignana (37°56.0'N.,
positions: 12°19.0'E.).
a. 41°45'N, 18°05'E. 4. In the vicinity of Isolotto Formica (37°59.3’N.,
b. 41°45'N, 18°20'E. 12°25.5’E.).
c. 41°28'N, 18°31'E. 5. In the vicinity of Punta di Solanto (38°10.8’N.,
d. 41°28'N, 18°19'E. 12°46.0’E.).
20. Within an area bounded by lines joining the following 6. In the vicinity of Golfo di Castellammare
Pub. 140
360 Italy
(38°07.0’N., 12°55.0’E.).
7. In the vicinity of Punta Raisi (38°11.3’N.,
13°06.0’E.).
8. In the vicinity of Capo Grosso (38°02.0’N.,
13°36.0’E.).
9. In the vicinity of Trabia (38°00.0’N., 13°39.0’E.).
10. In the vicinity of Castel di Tusa (38°01.0’N.,
14°15.0’E.).
11. In the vicinity of San Giorgia (38°10.5’N,
14°56.5'E.).
12. Close N of Marina di Patti (38°09.5’N., 14°57.8’E.).
13. Close N of the village of Oliveri (38°07.5’N.
15°03.5’E.). Flag of Italy
14. Off the mouth of the Torrente Mazzarra, about 3
miles ENE of Oliveri. Italy is governed by a President, elected by an electoral col-
15. On the W side of Perisola di Milazzo (38°15.0’N., lege composed of both houses of Parliament and 58 regional
15°15.0E). representatives, serving a 7-year term. The Prime Minister is
16. As much as 6 miles off the coasts off the islands of appointed by the President. The bicameral Parliament is com-
Isole Eolie. posed of a 322-member Senate, with 315 members directly
Bottom-set drift nets for swordfish are used during the sum- elected under a system of regional proportional representation
mer off the N coast of Sicily, as follows: (the winning coalition in each region receives 55 per cent of the
1. Between Cabo Gallo (38°13.4’N, 13°19.1’E.) and Iso- seats from that region) and seven appointed members, serving
la di Ustica, about 37 miles NNW. 5-year terms, and a 630-member Chamber of Deputies, who
2. Between Capo Zafferano (38°06.8’N., 13°32.3’E.) and are directly elected under a national system of proportional
Isole Eolie, about 60 miles NE. representation (the winning national coalition receives 54 per
Long-net fishing can be occurring up to 24 miles offshore cent of the chamber seats), serving 5-year terms.
off the islands of Isole Eolie. The legal system is based on civil law.
Night fishing with gill nets occurs during the summer off the The capital is Rome
E coast of Sicily between Punta di Taomira (37°51’N.,
15°18’E.) and Capo Murro di Porco (37°00’N., 15°20’E.). Holidays
Tunny nets on the coasts of Italy are being marked in accor-
dance with the IALA special marks. These signals are arranged
on boats or floats in the central outer part of the tunny nets. The The following holidays are observed:
mark could also be equipped with a radar reflector. Particularly
wide tunny nets may be marked by two distinct signals, placed January 1 New Year’s Day
at the corners of the enclosed sea area. For general information January 6 Epiphany
on tunny fishing, see Spain—Fishing Areas.
Small fishing boats engaged in sardine net fishing, and ex- Easter Sunday Variable
tending in close formation for 4 miles or more, may be encoun- Easter Monday Variable
tered at a distance of 8 miles off the coast of Sicilia; these boats
carry no special marks or lights to indicate that they are using April 25 Anniversary of the
nets. Liberation
Night fishing takes place in Italian waters during the summer May 1 Labor Day
months up to 30 miles offshore. Fishing is carried out by staked
nets, marked on the surface by a long line of white lights. Mar- June 2 Foundation of the Italian
iners are cautioned to keep a lookout for small craft which are Republic
difficult to see against the background of lighted nets. June 24 St. John’s Day (Florence
When trawlers are working in pairs and it is necessary to only)
warn an approaching vessel not to pass between them, a flare
will be shown on the same side of the trawl, in addition to the June 29 St. Peter and St. Paul’s
lights prescribed by the COLREGS. Day (Rome only)
Drift net fishing for swordfish may be encountered off the August 15 Assumption Day
Italian coast.
September 19 St. Gennaro’s Day
A controlled fishing area situated in the Gulf of Trieste strad-
(Naples only)
dles the international boundary between Slovenia and Italy. For
further information, see Slovenia—Fishing Areas. November 1 All Saints’ Day
Sunday nearest November 4 World War I Victory
Government Anniversary Day
Italy is a democratic republic. The country is divided into 15 December 7 St. Ambrogio’s Day
regions and five autonomous regions. (Milan only)
Pub. 140
Italy 361
December 8 Immaculate Conception a. 39°42.8'N, 8°26.8'E.

b. 39°42.8'N, 8°26.3'E.
December 25 Christmas Day c. 39°46.2'N, 8°26.5'E.
December 26 St. Stephen’s Day d. 39°46.6'N, 8°27.9'E.
e. 39°44.7'N, 8°29.2'E.
f. 39°44.2'N, 8°28.9'E.
Ice An additional area where unexploded ordnance lies on the
Ice formation may hinder navigation forms in the Golfo de sea bed, is bounded by lines joining the following positions:
Venezia during severe winters. River ice has flowed into the Po a. 39°48.1'N, 8°30.0'E.
delta many times during severe winters. b. 39°47.3'N, 8°31.5'E.
c. 39°46.5'N, 8°31.4'E.
d. 39°44.2'N, 8°28.9'E.
Industries 3. Sardinia—Giglio Point—Anchoring, fishing, moor-
The main industries include tourism, machinery, iron and ing, and underwater diving are prohibited in a circular zone
steel, chemicals, food processing, textiles, motor vehicles, with a radius of 150m centered on position 40°34'04''N,
clothing, footwear, and ceramics. 8°12'14''E due to the presence of explosive devices on the
The main exports are engineering products, textiles and bottom
clothing, production machinery, motor vehicles, transport 4. Sardinia—Capo Caccia—Anchoring, fishing, and re-
equipment, chemicals, food, beverages, tobacco, minerals, and lated activities are prohibited in a circular zone with a radius
non-ferrous metals. The main export-trading partners are Ger- of 150m centered on position 40°33'36''N, 8°09'44''E due to
many, France, the United States, and the United Kingdom. explosive devices on the bottom.
The main imports are engineering products, chemicals, 5. Sardinia—Capo Testa—Anchoring, fishing, and re-
transport equipment, energy products, minerals, non-ferrous lated activities are prohibited in a circular zone with a radius
metals, textiles and clothing, food, beverages, and tobacco. The of 200m centered on position 40°16'32.7''N, 9°01'08.2''E due
main import-trading partners are Germany, France, China, the to explosive devices on the bottom.
Netherlands, and Spain.
Ligurian Sea
1. Isola Gallinara—Fishing, diving, and any underwater
Languages activity are prohibited within an area extending 500m around
Isola Gallinara due to the occasional presence of unexploded
Italian is the official language. German (parts of the Trenti- ordnance.
no-Alto Adige region are predominately German speaking), 2. Celle Ligure—Fishing is prohibited in a circular zone
French (small French-speaking minority in the Valle d’Aosta with a radius of 500m, centered on position 44°17.6'N,
region), and Slovene (Slovene-speaking minority in the Tri- 8°36.1'E, due to the presence of an explosive device on the
este-Gorizia area) are in common usage. bottom in a depth of 280m.
3. Genova—Anchoring and fishing are prohibited in a
Meteorology circular zone with a radius of 0.5 mile lying nearly 1 mile
SSW of Punta Vagno, due to the presence of a mine on the
Marine weather forecasts for the western Mediterranean Sea bottom.
are available in Italian and English from the Aeronautica Mili- 4. Bonassola—About 1 mile offshore of Bonassola, at a
tare Italiana Servizio Meteorologico (http://www.meteoam.it). depth of 40 to 45m, lies a wreck containing explosive ord-
nance.
Mined Areas 5. Punta Moneglia—The water zone comprised between
the parallel 44°13'30''N, the meridian 9°25'00''E, and the
In the areas indicated below, search is constantly in progress coast, is dangerous to underwater fishing due to the presence
and the presence on the bottom is probable, of magnetic mines, on the bottom of explosive ordnance.
torpedoes, or projectiles, or other explosive objects constituting 6. Isola del Tino—Explosive ordnance lies in position
danger to navigation. 44°01'26.5''N, 9°51'02.1''E in a depth of 22m.
7. La Spezia Passages—Navigating, fishing, and stop-
Western Mediterranean ping are dangerous due to the presence of explosive ord-
1. Sardinia—Golfo di Oristano—Due to the presence nance in an area bounded by lines joining the following
of explosive devices on the bottom, anchoring and fishing positions:
are permanently prohibited in the following areas: a. 44°02'36''N, 9°36'42''E.
a. 39°44.2'N, 8°28.9'E. b. 43°57'42''N, 9°41'30''E.
b. 39°48.1'N, 8°30.0'E. c. 43°56'30''N, 9°39'18''E.
c. 39°47.3'N, 8°31.3'E. d. 44°01'24''N, 9°34'30''E.
d. 39°46.5'N, 8°31.4'E. 8. San Vincenzo—Sunken hulls containing explosive
2. Capo Frasca—Navigation, tourism, fishing, and other ordnance lie on the bottom at the following positions cen-
occupations are permanently prohibited along the coast of tered on circles with a 0.5 mile radius:
Capo Frasca in an area bounded by lines joining the follow- a. 43°07'18''N, 10°30'42''E.
ing positions: b. 43°07'24''N, 10°30'04''E.
Pub. 140
362 Italy
c. 43°09'00''N, 10°29'06''E. 9°45.4'E about 3.5 miles E of Capo Sferracavallo due to un-
9. Isola Capraia—A mine is reported to exist NW of the exploded ordnance on the bottom.
island in the vicinity of La Manza. Navigating and anchoring are prohibited within a circular
10. Punta Ferraione—A circular zone with a radius of area with a radius of 200m centered on the following posi-
0.25 mile, lying about 550m N of Punta Ferraione, is danger- tions:
ous due to the presence of an explosive device lying at a a. 39°42'34.4''N, 9°45'25.3''E.
depth of 60m. b. 39°42'27.1''N, 9°45'18.5''E.
c. 39°42'39.0''N, 9°45'25.0''E.
Tyrrhenian Sea d. 39°42'25.1''N, 9°45'28.7''E.
1. Piombino—The sea area, opposite the center of Enel 12. Waters N and NE of Capo San Lorenzo—Navigat-
(a small private harbor), 1 mile from Torre de Sale, is dan- ing, fishing, mooring, and related activities are prohibited in
gerous due to the presence of unexploded munitions lying at an area bounded by the parallels of 39°30'30''N and
a depth of 15m. 39°32'30''N, the meridian of 9°41'00''E, and the coast.
2. Isola Pianosa—A mine is reported to exist near Iso- Navigating, fishing, mooring, and related activities are
lotto La Scola at a depth of 80m. prohibited in an area bounded by lines joining the following
Unexploded ordnance is reported to lie 20m from Punta positions:
del Marchese. a. 39°29'30''N, 9°38'30''E.
3. Follonica.—A wreck containing explosives lies in po- b. 39°29'30''N, 9°39'30''E.
sition 42°54'02.4''N, 10°44'29.4'E. Vessels shall not navigate c. 39°31'30''N, 9°39'30''E.
within 0.5 mile of this position. d. 39°31'30''N, 9°38'00''E.
4. Waters around Follonica—An area that is dangerous Navigating, fishing, mooring, and related activities are
due to the presence of an explosive device on the bottom is prohibited in a circular zone with a radius of 1 mile centered
located within the area bounded by lines joining the follow- on position 39°40'45''N, 9°40'39''E due to explosive devices
ing positions: on the bottom.
a. 42°52.5'N, 10°45.1'E. Navigating, fishing, mooring, and related activities are
b. 42°52.8'N, 10°45.6'E. prohibited in a circular zone with a radius of 400m centered
c. 42°53.5'N, 10°44.6'E. on position 39°33'47.0''N, 9°44'30.1''E due to explosive de-
d. 42°53.1'N, 10°44.7'E. vices on the bottom.
5. Talamone—A wreck, in a depth of 15m, lies approxi- Navigating, fishing, mooring, and related activities are
mately 1 mile W of the Torre de Cala Forno. It is reported to prohibited in a circular zone with a radius of 150m centered
contain unexploded ordnance which has been dispersed on on position 39°30'56.3''N, 9°39'21.7''E due to explosive de-
the bottom. vices on the bottom.
It is prohibited to anchor or fish within 1.5 miles of the 13. Sardinia—Maddalena Archipelago—Roads of
coast between Torre de Cala Forno and the mouth of the Om- Mezzo Schifo—Anchorage and fishing are prohibited in
brone River. Mezzo Schifo Roads due to explosive devices on bottom.
6. Civitavecchia—Entry is prohibited due to the pres- 14. Sardinia—Maddalena Archipelago—Waters sur-
ence of possibly explosive devices on the bottom of the sea rounding the island of Spargi—Anchoring, fishing, and re-
areas to the NW of the harbor within an area bounded by lated activities are prohibited at all times due to explosive
lines joining the following positions: ordnance in a circular zone, with a radius of 200m, centered
a. 42°21.3'N, 11°26.0'E. on position 41°13'54''N, 9°21'25''E.
b. 42°18.4'N, 11°33.0'E. Hazardous operations may be carried out in the vicinity of
c. 42°16.6'N, 11°32.4'E. the above area from 15 January to 15 June and from 15 Octo-
d. 42°19.0'N, 11°24.2'E. ber to 22 December. When these hazardous operations are in
An explosive device is found within 150m of position progress, the radius of the restricted area will be enlarged, as
42°07.8'N, 11°07.7'E. follows:
7. Capo d’Anzio—In the vicinity of Arco Muto, un- a. 1,000m—All activities, including transiting, are
marked explosive devices are located in a depth of 4m about prohibited.
100m off the coast. b. 4,000m—All underwater activities.
8. Anzio—An explosive device lies about 1 mile E of 15. Sardinia—Maddalena Archipelago—Island of Ca-
the end of Molo Innocenziano at a depth of 7m. Vessels in prera—Port Palma—Navigating, stopping, anchoring, fish-
transit should navigate with caution. ing, and other underwater activities are prohibited within
9. San Felice Circeo—Navigating, anchoring, fishing, 100m of the following positions due to the presence of pro-
and related activities are prohibited in a circular zone with a jectiles and other devices and other explosive devices that
radius of 500m centered on position 41°10'54.0''N, could be in the area:
13°07'40.2''E due to explosive devices on the bottom. a. 41°10'52.8''N, 9°26'58.8''E.
10. Waters around Punta Frallis—Navigating, mooring, b. 41°10'15.0''N, 9°25'54.0''E.
and related activities are prohibited in a circular zone with a An explosives dumping area is bounded by lines joining
radius of 150m centered on position 39°49'36.1''N, the following positions:
9°48'38.9''E due to explosive devices on the bottom. a. 41°10'45.6''N, 9°27'10.2''E.
11. Capo Sferracavallo—Entry is prohibited in an area b. 41°10'42.0''N, 9°27'14.4''E.
with a radius of 600m centered on position 39°42.5'N, c. 41°10'39.0''N, 9°27'10.8''E.
Pub. 140
Italy 363
d. 41°10'46.2''N, 9°27'00.0''E. ping and mooring of ships and all craft in general, fishing,
e. 41°10'49.2''N, 9°27'04.2''E. and all underwater activity are prohibited in a 400m wide
16. Sardinia—Maddalena Archipelago—East of Secca stretch of water which extends SE from Scoglio Vervece and
Tre Monti—Unexploded ordnance lies E of the shoal in po- connects the head of Molo Foraneo with the landing place at
sition 41°09'10.6''N, 9°26'12.6''E, in a depth of 34m. Navi- Marina di Lobra due to the presence of explosive devices
gating, stopping, anchoring, fishing, and other underwater contained within a submerged fishing net.
activities are prohibited within 100m of this position. 23. Capri—Unexploded ordnance lies in a depth of 70m
17. Capo San Lorenzo—Entry is prohibited in an area in position 40°32'55.8''N, 14°15'46.2''E.
with a radius of 2 miles centered on position 39°29'N, 9°42'E 24. Forio d’Ischia—Unexploded ordnance lies in a depth
due to unexploded ordnance on the bottom. of 50m in position 40°44'31.74''N, 13°50'24.18''E.
18. Waters around Capo Teulada—Anchoring and fish- Navigating, fishing, anchoring, and any marine or under-
ing are permanently prohibited due to the presence of unex- water activities are prohibited in this area.
ploded devices on the bottom in an area bounded by lines 25. Scoglio Vetara—Unexploded ordnance lies in a
joining the following positions: depth of 60m in position 40°34'53.52''N, 14°23'50.70''E.
a. 38°56'52''N, 8°37'12''E. Navigating, fishing, anchoring, stopping, and any marine or
b. 38°56'18''N, 8°32'24''E. underwater activities are prohibited within 100m of this po-
c. 38°52'54''N, 8°35'30''E. sition.
d. 38°51'30''N, 8°39'00''E. 26. Golfo di Policastro—Villamare—The sea area along
However, transit through the above area is prohibited only the coastal strip of Via Torre-Vibonati-Villamare, extending
during periods of firing practice, for which specific orders for a length of 0.2 mile and up to 100m off the coast, is dan-
are periodically issued. gerous to navigation and prohibited to fishing and anchorage
Due to the presence of unexploded ordnance, landing is due to the presence of explosive devices on the bottom.
prohibited along the coast between the following positions: 27. Golfo di Policastro—Maratea—Unexploded ord-
a. 38°53'30''N, 8°38'52''E. nance lies about 150m offshore from the Acquafredda Dis-
b. 38°56'52''N, 8°37'12''E. trict. A prohibited entry area, with a radius of 500m, is
Due to the presence of unexploded ordnance, landing is centered on position 40°02.2'N, 15°40.1'E.
prohibited along the coast between the following positions: 28. Golfo di Policastro—Scalea—The circular zone off-
a. 38°53'30''N, 8°38'52''E. shore of Torre Lao (Scalea), with a radius of 300m centered
b. Cabo Teulada. on position 39°48'54''N, 15°47'48''E is prohibited to transit-
Anchoring and fishing are permanently prohibited due to ing, mooring, stopping, and fishing due to the existence of
the presence of unexploded devices on the bottom in an area explosive devices on the bottom. The center of the area is
bounded by lines joining the following positions: marked by two red buoys.
a. 38°51'30''N, 8°39'00''E. Operations to remove and dispose of these explosive de-
b. 38°53'48''N, 8°42'06''E. vices may occur in this area. The salvaged explosive devices
c. 38°54'00''N, 8°44'14''E. are transported to position 39°48'42''N, 15°44'24''E and are
d. 38°55'22''N, 8°42'38''E. destroyed. When these operations are in progress transiting,
Due to the presence of unexploded ordnance, landing is mooring, stopping, fishing and all other underwater activities
prohibited along the coast between the following positions: are prohibited within 1 mile of this position. Vessels are also
a. 38°55'22''N, 8°42'38''E. prohibited from coming within 500m of the Italian naval ves-
b. 38°53'30''N, 8°39'03''E. sels transporting the explosive devices to this position.
Due to the presence of unexploded ordnance, landing is During the transport of these explosive devices, the transport
prohibited along the coast between the following positions: vessel will display Flag B of the International Code of Sig-
a. 38°53'30''N, 8°39'03''E. nals.
b. Cabo Teulada. A prohibited entry area, with a radius of 1 mile, estab-
19. Mondragone—Anchoring, fishing and other related lished due to unexploded ordnance on the sea bed, lies cen-
activities are prohibited in the locality of Sinuessa due to the tered on position 39°48.9'N, 15°47.0'E.
presence of numerous explosive devices on the bottom in an 29. Waters around Sant’ Eufemia Lamezia—The sea
area bounded by lines joining the following positions: area off the coast, bounded by the parallels 38°50'N and
a. 41°09.0'N, 13°49.5'E. 38°53'N and up to 0.5 mile off this same coast, is dangerous
b. 41°09.0'N, 13°50.0'E. to navigation and prohibited to fishing and anchorage due to
c. 41°07.0'N, 13°51.5'E. the presence of explosive devices on the sea bottom.
d. 41°07.0'N, 13°51.0'E. 30. Golfo di Sant’ Eufemia Lamezia—A wreck, cov-
20. Canale di Procida—Explosive ordnance lies scat- ered with mud and containing explosive ordnance, lies on the
tered on the bottom, on the E edge of the 26m shoal, at ap- bottom at position 38°45'30''N, 16°11'30''E, about 0.3 mile N
proximate position 40°45.2'N, 14°05.5'E (about 1.3 miles S of the Tonnara chimney
of Capo Miseno). The area within a 0.5 mile radius from the above position
21. Golfo di Pozzuoli—Miseno—Navigation, anchor- is prohibited to anchorage and any underwater operations.
age, and all other activity are prohibited in the sea area ex- 31. Capo Cozzo—A device dangerous to navigation lies
tending 300m to the E of the mussel bed due to the presence at a depth of about 12m, about 100m from the coast in the vi-
of an explosive device on the bottom cinity of Zambrone.
22. Penisola Sorrentina—Marina di Lobra—The stop- 32. Sicily—Formiche Shoals—Anchoring, sailing, fish-
Pub. 140
364 Italy
ing, and other related activities of any kind are prohibited in 5. Waters around Crotone—An unexploded mine is lo-
the area of the seawall of Argo Capo d’Orlando up to 250m cated in position 39°03.2'N, 17°11.0'E. Vessels should give
from land due to the presence of numerous explosive devices this position a berth of at least 0.5 mile.
on the bottom. 6. Punta Alice—A wreck containing unexploded ord-
33. Golfo di Patti—A prohibited entry area, with a radius nance lies about 20m from shore in position 39°24'19.8''N,
of 100m, established due to unexploded ordnance on the sea 17°07'13.8''E.
bed, lies centered on position 38°09'39.8''N, 14°59'19.2''E in 7. Golfo de Taranto—Unexploded ordnance lies in a
a depth of 20m. depth of 650m in position 40°21.0'''N, 16°58.0'E.
34. Sicily—Golfo di Castellammare—Anchoring, sail- 8. Waters around Taranto—Explosive ordnance is
ing, and stopping by any vessel or craft, along with any other reported to lie in an area SW of Isola San Pietro and Isolotto
related water activities, are prohibited due to the presence of San Paolo, bounded by the bearing of 270° from Punta La
a wartime device in the area bounded by lines joining the fol- Forca, the line of the dike which joins the two islands, and
lowing positions: the bearing of 180° from the red light of San Paolo, in depths
a. 38°06.0'N, 12°47.9'E. between the 40m and 140m curves.
b. 38°06.2'N, 12°48.4'E. 9. Taranto—The following areas are prohibited to an-
c. 38°05.8'N, 12°48.7'E. choring and fishing due to the presence of unexploded ord-
d. 38°05.6'N, 12°48.3'E. nance:
Stay clear a distance of no less than 0.5 mile from this ar- Area 1—Bound by lines joining the following positions:
ea. a. 40°28.0''N, 17°05.7'E.
Anchoring, sailing, and fishing are prohibited, until further b. 40°27.2''N, 17°06.6'E.
notice, and navigation is dangerous in the area of Cala dei c. 40°27.7''N, 17°09.7'E.
Muletti, about 3.2 miles SSE of Capo di Rama, due to the d. 40°28.5''N, 17°10.4'E.
presence of explosive ordnance on the sea bottom. Area 2—Bound by lines joining the following positions:
35. Sicily—Northwest of Trapani—Unexploded ord- a. 40°25.2'N, 17°10.6'E.
nance may be found in the area bounded by lines joining the b. 40°25.7'N, 17°11.6'E.
following positions: c. 40°24.2'N, 17°11.5'E.
a. 38°25'N, 12°06'E. 10. Punta del Pizzo—Due to the presence of explosive
b. 38°17'N, 12°14'E. ordnance on the bottom, in a depth of about 70m, navigation
c. 38°12'N, 12°06'E. is dangerous within a radius of 1 mile of the point situated
d. 38°20'N, 11°56'E. 5.5 miles S of Punta del Pizzo.
36. Sicily—Trapani—Unexploded ordnance may be
found within 1 mile of position 37°46.5'N, 11°58.5'E. Adriatic Sea
1. Capo d’Otranto—Navigating and fishing are prohib-
Strait of Sicily ited within 200m of Isolotto Sant’Emiliano, about 1.1 miles
1. Sicily—Porto Empedocle—Unexploded ordnance SW of Capo d’Otranto, due to the presence of unexploded
may be found within 1 mile of position 37°13'21'''N, ordnance.
13°17'07''E. 2. Punta San Cataldo—Anchoring and fishing are pro-
2. Sicily—Gela—A prohibited entry area, with a radius hibited, and navigation is dangerous, due to the presence of
of 1 mile, established due to unexploded ordnance on the sea explosive ordnance on the sea bottom in an area bounded by
bed, lies centered on position 37°02'02.1''N, 14°17'51.2''E. a line joining the following points:
a. 40°25'31''N, 18°15'30''E.
Ionian Sea b. 40°30'20''N, 18°16'30''E.
1. Sicily—Stazzo—Due to the presence of unexploded c. 40°29'25''N, 18°19'03''E.
ordnance, in depths of 8 to 30m, in the waters off the marina, d. 40°27'45''N, 18°20'58''E.
vessels or barges are prohibited from navigating or stopping e. 40°25'55''N, 18°22'28''E.
in the sea area 500m wide between the head of the outer f. 40°23'05''N, 18°23'18''E.
breakwater and a point 450m from it. Fishing and other un- g. 40°23'54''N, 18°17'30''E.
derwater activities are also prohibited in this area. 3. Punta San Cataldo—Unexploded ordnance lies in a
2. Waters around Magnisi Peninsula—The zone con- depth of 744m in position 40°28'26.05''N, 18°42'27.36''E.
tained between the parallels 37°09'48''N, 37°09'15''E and the 4. Brindisi—Navigating, anchoring, fishing, and related
meridians 15°17'05''E and 15°15'55''E, is permanently pro- activities are prohibited in a circular zone with a radius of
hibited for mooring and fishing and is dangerous to naviga- 200m centered on position 40°39'50.7''N, 17°59'35.1''E due
tion due to submerged ordnance. to explosive devices on the bottom.
3. Reggio Calabria—Unexploded ordnance lies in a 5. Bari—Unexploded ordnance lies in position
depth of 290m in position 36°06'15.24''N, 15°36'55.20''E. 41°16'48''N, 16°58'18''E. Vessels are prohibited from transit-
Trawling and other sea bed activities are prohibited in this ing within 200m of this position.
area. 6. Waters around Molfetta—Explosive ordnance lies
4. Capo Spartivento—A wreck containing unexploded 7.1 miles, bearing 051°, from Molfetta Light.
ordnance lies in position 37°53'49.2''N, 16°00'43.5''E. Ves- Unexploded ordnance lies within an area bounded by lines
sels are prohibited from navigating or stopping within 0.5 joining the following positions:
mile of this position. a. 41°48'30''N, 16°52'07''E.
Pub. 140
Italy 365
b. 41°48'49''N, 16°54'47''E. 16. Waters around Punta del Tagliamento to Bibi-

c. 41°43'52''N, 16°55'50''E. one—Fishing and anchoring are dangerous due to the pres-
d. 41°43'33''N, 16°53'10''E. ence of explosive ordnance on the bottom in an area bounded
7. Molfetta—Unexploded ordnance lies within an area by lines joining the following positions:
bounded by lines joining the following positions: a. 45°37'49.8''N, 13°04'18.0''E.
a. 41°12'55.44''N, 16°36'42.66''E. b. 45°37'00.0''N, 13°04'18.0''E.
b. 41°12'36.78''N, 16°36'42.66''E. c. 45°36'19.8''N, 13°04'30.0''E.
c. 41°12'34.26''N, 16°36'09.36''E. d. 45°36'19.8''N, 13°05'12.0''E.
d. 41°12'55.44''N, 16°36'08.22''E. e. 45°37'00.0''N, 13°05'19.8''E.
8. Fiume Ofanto (Barletta)—Navigation and fishing f. 45°37'49.8''N, 13°05'19.8''E.
are prohibited due to the presence of explosive ordnance on 17. Waters around Grado—Fishing and anchoring is
the bottom, in an area at the mouth of the Ofanto River, near dangerous to starboard of the access channel to Grado due to
the Barletta coast, bounded by lines joining the following the presence of unexploded ordnance on the bottom in an ar-
points: ea bounded by lines joining the following positions:
a. 41°21'45''N, 16°12'16''E. a. 45°40'00.6''N, 13°22'04.2''E.
b. 41°23'48''N, 16°13'28''E. b. 45°40'00.6''N, 13°22'44.4''E.
c. 41°23'00''N, 16°15'16''E. c. 45°39'28.2''N, 13°22'44.4''E.
d. 41°21'20''N, 16°16'23''E. d. 45°39'28.2''N, 13°22'20.4''E.
e. 41°20'30''N, 16°14'08''E. e. 45°39'42.6''N, 13°22'20.4''E.
9. Isole di Tremiti—Isola Pianosa—The sea area sur- Caution.—There are some additional areas off the Italian
rounding Isola Pianosa, up to 0.3 mile from the coast, is pro- coast which constitute danger due to unexploded ordnance.
hibited to navigation, anchorage, underwater fishing, and These areas are shown on the charts or described in Pub. 131,
stopping due to the presence of residual unexploded ord- Sailing Directions (Enroute) Western Mediterranean.
nance on the bottom within approximately l00m of the coast.
10. Waters around Cattolica—Anchoring and fishing
are permanently prohibited due to the presence of explosive Navigational Information
ordnance on the sea bottom in the area bounded by lines
Enroute Volume
a. 43°58'20.3''N, 12°45'10.2''E.
nean.
b. 43°58'20.3''N, 12°45'19.8''E.
c. 43°58'14.3''N, 12°45'19.8''E.
Maritime Claims
d. 43°58'14.3''N, 12°45'10.2''E.
The maritime territorial claims of Italy are, as follows:
11. Coastline off Romagna—Unexploded ordnance has
been reported in the following positions:
a. 44°04'06.78''N, 12°49'32.64''E. Territorial Sea * 12 miles.
b. 44°00'13.80''N, 12°53'00.00''E. Contiguous Zone 24 miles.
c. 44°18'07.26''N, 12°38'24.96''E.
d. 44°28'34.20''N, 12°25'37.20''E. Exclusive Economic Zone 200 miles.
12. Ravenna—Unexploded ordnance lies within an area Continental Shelf Depth of 200m or the Limit
with a radius of 50m centered on position 44°18'21.0''N, of Exploitation.
12°20'52.0''E.
13. Waters around Porto Garibaldi (Mouth of Fiume * Claims straight baselines. Claims Golfo di Taranto as a
Reno)—Anchoring and fishing are permanently prohibited historic bay.
due to the presence of explosive ordnance on the sea bottom
in the area bounded by lines joining the following positions: Offshore Drilling
a. 44°39'00''N, 12°15'00''E.
b. 44°43'00''N, 12°22'00''E. Marine Exploitation
c. 44°31'30''N, 12°22'00''E. Vega Oil Field lies off the SE coast of Sicily, about 11 miles
d. 44°33'00''N, 12°17'10''E. SSW of Puntal del Corvo (36°43.0'N., 14°42.3'E.). The facility
This area is dangerous due to firing practice from 0700 un- consists of a production platform, an SBM, and a storage tank-
til 2400 on Monday through Thursday and from 0700 to er, all of which are connected by submarine pipelines.
1200 each Friday. Four production platforms and two production wells are lo-
14. Porto Fossone—Anchoring, fishing, and other under- cated in the approach to Golfo di Taranto off the SE coast of It-
water activities are dangerous due to unexploded ordnance aly E and SE of Crotone (39°05'N., 17°08'E.). All six facilities
within an area with a radius of 0.5 mile centered on position are connected to the shore about 1 mile NW of Crotone by a
45°07'52.0''N, 12°36'52.3''E. submarine gas pipeline.
15. Malamocco—A wreck, with a depth of 18m, lies in Oil and gas fields are located off the Adriatic coast of Italy N
position 45°17'16.2''N, 12°34'34.8''E. The zone centered of about 42°00'N, as well as off the coast WNW of Promonto-
around this wreck, with a radius of 1 mile, is dangerous for rio del Gargano (41°50'N., 16°12'E.). Associated structures
anchoring, trawling, and fishing due to the wreck itself and and installations may be found as much as 32 miles offshore,
by explosive material scattered on the bottom. but most lie within about 16 miles of the coast. There are no
Pub. 140
366 Italy
special fairways through these fields. cals).
Fixed oil rigs and mobile platforms may be encountered in 4. Details of product (density, flammability (non-flam-
Italian waters at some distance offshore; they are fitted with mable, weak, high), toxicity (low, medium, high)).
lights and, if possible, fog signals. 5. Quantity spilled and rate of spillage.
Mariners are cautioned that unlighted installations may also 6. Direction (in degrees) and estimated speed of spread.
exist in these waters. Most of the fixed platforms are found in 7. Maximum estimated quantity.
the central-northern Adriatic Sea. 8. Meteorological conditions ((wind direction, wind in-
Vessels in transit should give mobile platforms a wide berth tensity, sea state).
in order to avoid the moorings associated with these installa- 9. Measures already taken.
tions.
Safety zones, in which unauthorized vessels are prohibited MARPOL Special Area
from entering, are established around the fixed and mobile The Mediterranean Sea has been designated as a MARPOL
platforms and can extend up to a distance of 0.25 mile from Special Area. MARPOL Special Areas are sea areas where
these installations. special mandatory methods for the prevention of oil pollution
Announcements concerning the movements of these installa- in the sea have been adopted.
tions are promulgated through notices broadcast by radiotele- Further information can be found in North Atlantic
graph, radiotelephone, and NAVAREA III warnings. Ocean—Pollution—MARPOL Special Areas.
Seismic Survey Regulations

Seismic surveying and drilling operations are carried out off
the coasts of Italy, Sardinia, and Sicilia, normally in depths of Marine Mammals Sanctuary
less than 200m. A marine mammals sanctuary has been established in the Li-
Seismic surveying ships tow a cable about 0.5 mile to 1.6 guarian Sea, the Sea of Corsica and the central and N portions
miles in length, the end of which is marked by a small lighted of the Tyrrhenian Sea. The area is located between the follow-
buoy. ing boundaries:
Vessels should give the stern of seismic surveying ships a 1. North boundary—The coast of Italy and France be-
berth of at least 1.6 miles and avoid interfering with the survey- tween Fosso Chiarone, Italy (42°21.4'N., 11°31.0'E.) and
ing ship’s course. Pointe Escampobariou, France (43°01.7'N., 6°05.9'E.).
Vessels should be alert to signals of the International Code 2. West boundary—A line joining Pointe Escampobari-
displayed by prospecting ships or small escort craft. Details of ou, France (43°01.7'N., 6°05.9'E.) and Capo Falcone, Sarde-
these surveys are circulated as Italian Notice to Mariners gna (40°58.3'N., 8°12.1'E.).
broadcasts by radiotelegraph and radiotelephone, and by NA- 3. South boundary—The N coast of Sardegna between
VAREA III notices. Capo Falcone, Sardegna (40°58.3'N., 8°12.1'E.) and Capo
Ferro, Sardegna (41°09.3'N., 9°31.3'E.).
Pilotage 4. East boundary—A line joining Capo Ferro, Sardegna
(41°09.3'N., 9°31.3'E.) and Fosso Chiarone, Italy
Pilotage is compulsory for all foreign vessels greater than (42°21.4'N., 11°31.0'E.).
500 gt, although there are some ports which require pilotage
for all foreign vessels greater than 400 gt. Licensed pilots are Pre-arrival Reporting
available at the more important Italian ports and harbors. A It has been reported (2003) that foreign-flagged vessels must
vessel requiring a pilot should display one of the signals desig- provide pre-arrival information, via telex, to COMPAMARE
nated in the International Code of Signals. (the harbor authority of the port) 72 hours prior to arrival in or-
Pilot vessels are painted black with a white band with P or der to be allowed to enter the port. If the sailing time to the ar-
PILOT painted on the bow, stern, and funnel. rival port is less than 72 hours, the message should be sent
See Pub. 131, Sailing Directions (Enroute) Western Mediter- prior to leaving the previous port. Vessels failing to comply
ranean for further information. A pilot vessel bringing out a pi- will have to wait 72 hours before being allowed to enter Italian
lot to a signaling vessel by day, gives notice of such intention ports.
by hoisting and lowering the distinguishing flag several times,
and at night by showing a flashing light at intervals not exceed- Quarantine
ing 15 seconds. Requests for free pratique must be made 12 hours to 4 hours
before the vessel’s ETA. Messages should be sent to “USMAF/
Pollution UT (name of port).” Messages sent more than 12 hours in ad-
vance may have to be repeated. Messages should contain the
All vessels navigating in Italian waters should report to the following information:
nearest authorities any situation that has the potential to lead to 1. Vessel’s name and details, including the maritime rep-
pollution or of the discharge or potential discharge of polluting resentative or agent in Italy.
substances into the sea The report must contain the following 2. ETD.
information: 3. ETA.
1. Time and location. 4. Destination port.
2. Description of incident and cause. 5. Last port of call.
3. Type of product spilled (oil, ballast, liquid gas, chemi- 6. Health situation on board.
Pub. 140
Italy 367
7. Number of deceased persons on board, if any (other- • If, in the case of transporting chemical products in
wise indicate NIL). packing cases or liquefied gas in packing cases, the ship is
8. If there is a medic on board. in possession of the appropriate certificate prescribed by
9. Number of crew. the IMO Code.
10. Number of passengers. b. Complete the check list connected with the ordinance
11. Number of disembarking passengers. and put it within easy reach of the pilot.
12. Information about the master (name, place of birth, Article 2. The Masters of vessels mentioned in the proceed-
date of birth, where living, and, if possible, the signature of ing Article 1, whether entering or leaving a port, navigating in
the master). the areas of jurisdiction, must:
If a voyage takes less than 12 hours, the request must be • Inform the Harbor Master’s Office of any defects or in-
made after the vessel’s departure and should be forwarded to cidents that could jeopardize navigational safety or consti-
“USMAF SANIMARE (name of port)” not less than 90 min- tute a danger for the sea environment and adjacent areas.
utes before the vessel’s arrival. • Establish and maintain a radiotelephone connection,
Requests must be completed clearly in Italian, English, or preferably on VHF, with the Harbor Master’s Office or via
French. coastal public radio station.
• Use the pilot even outside the boundaries of the area in
Tanker Prohibited Navigation Areas which pilotage is mandatory, in case of fog or poor visibility,
Tankers that have carried or are currently carrying petro- and whenever the nature of the cargo aboard ship and/or the
leum, chemical, or gas products in bulk are prohibited from conditions of navigation make it advisable.
navigating in the following areas: Article 3. If, from the checklist of Article 1, letter b, there
1. Between Arma de Taggia (43°50'N., 7°51'E.) and Cer- ever is a defect that could jeopardize the safety of the naviga-
vo, 13 miles NE—year round prohibition. tion of the vessel or that could in any way constitute a danger,
2. Between Promontorio de Portofino (44°19'N., 9°11'E.) the pilots of the port must immediately inform the Harbor Mas-
and Punta Baffe, 12 miles ESE—year round prohibition. ter’s Office. The above list, endorsed by the pilot, must be
3. Within an offshore area centered on position 44°00'N, shown immediately after the ship’s arrival, to the Harbor Mas-
9°38'E—year round prohibition. ter’s technical office.
4. In the approaches to La Spezia—year round prohibi- Article 4. Except for the fact that it does not constitute a se-
tion. rious crime, transgressors of the items of the ordinance will be
5. Between Pietra Ligure (48°09'N., 8°17'E.) and Varoz- punished according to the terms of Article 1174 or 1231 of the
ze, 18 miles NE—navigation prohibited from June 1 until Navigation Codes and Article 32 of the law of June 5, 1962
September 30. number 616, and will also be held responsible for the damages
Vessels approaching ports enclosed by any of these areas incurred by their illicit behavior should any such damages in-
must follow the designated routes or navigate perpendicular to volve people or things.
the coast. Vessels carrying arms or ammunition must declare them and
obtain ministerial permission before entering Italian territorial
Special Tanker Ordinances waters. Complete information must be provided at least 4 days
Single-hull tankers over 5,000 dwt and over 15 years of age prior to arrival.
carrying heavy fuels, waste oils, heavy crude oil, bitumen, and
tar are prohibited from entering Italian ports. European Union Expanded Inspection (EI) Notification
Italian authorities advise that special ordinances are in effect Under European Union (EU) Directive 2009/16/EC, the Eu-
for regulating the entry and exit of tankers from Italian ports. ropean Union has introduced a mandatory reporting system for
These ordinances have the following rules: vessels arriving at or departing from a port or anchorage in the
Article 1. It is mandatory, starting immediately, that the EU region.
masters of all tankers transporting petroleum, gas or chemical The reports are sent to the local harbormaster or Coast Guard
products, having a gross tonnage equal to or above 1,600 tons, authority, as follows:
totally or partially full, including empty, but not yet degassified 1. By e-mail—E-mail addresses use the format “nameof
tankers, headed to ports or boundaries included in the area of [email protected]” (for example: genova@guardiacos
jurisdiction; do the following: tiera.it).
a. Communicate via radio to the Harbor Master’s Office 2. By facsimile—Facsimile numbers can be obtained
of the Port, on VHF or via coastal public radio station, be- from the local agent or the Coast Guard web site (http://
fore entering the territorial waters of jurisdiction: www.guardiacostiera.it).
• The name and international call sign of the vessel For further information, see North Atlantic Ocean—Regu-
• Nationality of the ship lations—European Union Expanded Inspection (EI) Notifi-
• Length and draft cation.
• Port or destination of anchorage
• Scheduled time of arrival European Union Dangerous and Polluting Cargo Notifica-
• General nature of cargo aboard and its quantity tion
• If in possession, in the case of transporting chemical Under European Union (EU) Directive 2002/59/EC, as
products, of the certificate prescribed for new ships of the amended by EU Directive 2009/17/EC, any vessel over 300
IMO Code for the construction and equipping of ships that gross tons and any vessel carrying dangerous or polluting cargo
transport chemical products in bulk. bound to or leaving from EU ports should report to the relevant
Pub. 140
368 Italy
port authority at least 24 hours in advance. 2. Maintain contact with the Port Captain.
For further information, see Baltic Sea—Regulations—Eu- 3. Advise the Port Captain of any navigational defects.
ropean Union Dangerous and Polluting Cargo Notifica- 4. Use a pilot outside compulsory pilotage areas whenev-
tions. er cargo or navigation conditions dictate.
Regulations for Marking Areas Polluted by Toxic Sub- Albanian Immigration

stances in Italian Waters Regulations concerning the emigration of Albanian citizens
The Ministry of the Merchant Marine has established a con- to Italian territory have been issued and apply to vessels of all
tingency plan in the event of an oil spill or environmental con- flags in Albanian territorial waters. All merchant ships entering
tamination by other toxic substances. or leaving Albanian territorial waters will be contacted by Ital-
All vessels navigating in Italian territorial waters or adjacent ian warships or Italian coast guard vessels, which will carry out
waters are obligated to inform the Italian maritime authority of inspection procedures. Vessels must be prepared to submit the
any pollution or danger of pollution caused by any event, colli- following information:
sion, wreck, or explosion. 1. Vessel name.
Notification of such incident must be sent immediately to ei- 2. Call sign.
ther the harbormaster’s office or to the Ministry of the Mer- 3. Flag.
chant Marine DIFMAR Operational Headquarters, Rome, 4. Last port of call and departure date.
whichever is closer. The message must contain the following: 5. Destination(s) in Albania and ETA.
1. Generalities, including purpose of the message, site of 6. General cargo description.
the incident, and day, date and time of the occurrence in 7. Number of crew.
UTC. 8. Number of illegal emigrating Albanians on board, if
2. Cause of the accident, as from collision, fire, explo- any.
sion, wreck, sinking, or spill. Incident with regard to ves- 9. For vessels leaving Albanian territorial waters—The
sel(s), platform, refinery, storage area or pipeline involved. destination(s) in Italy and ETA, if possible.
3. Particulars on the vessel(s) and installation(s) involved Based on the information provided above, the following ac-
including name, type, nationality, gross tonnage, owner, nation(s) may be taken:
ture and quantity of cargo, and vessel’s registration number. 1. Vessels bound for Albanian territorial waters—Masters
4. Meteorological conditions with respect to wind direc- will be advised to ensure there are no illegal Albanian emi-
tion and velocity, state of the sea, and direction and velocity grants on board when departing Albanian ports.
of the surface current. Whether the prevailing circumstances 2. Vessels leaving Albanian territorial waters and declar-
appear to be improving, worsening, or stabilized. ing their destination to be an Italian port—The vessel can be
5. Pollution with regard to type of product spilled, char- inspected to determine the presence of illegal Albanian emi-
acteristics of the product, quantity spilled, and present rate of grants.
spill. Statement as to whether samples have been taken and 3. Vessels leaving Albanian territorial waters and declar-
by whom. If the product floats, estimate dimension of the sea ing their destination to be other than an Italian port—The
area affected. vessel will not be stopped but may be followed to confirm
6. Disposition of the spill with regard to movement, prod- that their course has not changed towards an Italian port.
uct flammability, and proximity of the product to the coast.
7. Measures which have been taken. Low-sulphur Fuel
8. Assistance requested. Vessels in Italian ports are prohibited from using fuel oil
9. Other information. containing more than 0.1% sulphur.
Particularly Sensitive Sea Areas (PSSA) Restricted Areas

The waters of the Strait of Bonifacio between Sardinia (Ita-
ly) and Corsica (France) have been declared by the IMO to be a Prohibited entry areas for vessels over 500 gross tons extend
PSSA. 2 miles from the limits of the following nature reserves:
A PSSA is an area that requires special protection because of 1. Porto Conte (40°35'30.0''N., 8°11'30.0''E.).
its vulnerability to damage caused by marine activities. Vessels 2. Porto Coesario (40°14'15.0''N., 17°49'30.0''E.).
operating in or near such an area should exercise the utmost 3. S. Maria di Castellabate (40°14'27.0''N.,
care to avoid damage to the maritime environment and the ma- 14°52'40.2''E.).
rine organisms in it. No waste should be discharged overboard. 4. Bergeggi (44°14'15.6''N., 8°26'51.6''E.).
5. Capo Rizzuto (38°57'26.4''N., 17°11'59.4''E.).
Vessels Carrying Dangerous Cargo 6. Isola Asinara (41°05'00.0''N., 8°18'48.0''E.).
Special regulations are in force for vessels carrying danger- 7. Isola d’Ischia (40°43'00.0''N., 13°54'00.0''E.).
ous cargo and entering or departing many Italian ports. These 8. Isole Egadi (37°57'57.6''N., 12°12'21.6''E.).
regulations apply to tankers of 1,600 gross tons and over carry- 9. Capo Molini (37°34.6'N., 15°10.6''E.).
ing petroleum, gas, and other flammable cargo, either fully or 10. Penisola della Maddalena (37°00.7'N., 12°12'21.6'E.).
partially loaded, including vessels which are empty but not de- 11. Isole Mortoriotto to Isola Soffi (41°04'17.2''N.,
clared gas free. Such vessels are required to do the following: 9°35'36.0''E.).
1. Send a report to the Port Captain prior to entering Ital- 12. Isole di li Nibani (41°07'48.6''N., 9°34'17.4''E.).
ian territorial waters. 13. Isola della Bisce (41°09'59.4''N., 9°31'19.2''E.).
Pub. 140
Italy 369
14. Isola di Ustica (38°42'30.0''N., 13°10'36.0''E.). 8 miles from the coast between position 39°52'36.0''N,
15. Isola Tremiti (42°07'27.0''N., 15°30'01.2''E.). 8°26'36.0''E and position 39°58'24.0''N, 8°23'30.0''E.
Prohibited entry areas for vessels over 500 gross tons extend 5. In the waters off the N coast of Sicily extending up to 4
the indicated distance from the center of the following islands miles from the coast between position 38°10'18.0''N,
which have been designated as nature reserves: 13°12'18.6''E and position 38°11'40.2''N, 13°21'36.0''E.
1. Isola Gorgona (43°25'42.0''N., 9°54'00.0''E.)—6 miles. 6. In the waters extending 2 miles from the limits of the
2. Isola Cerboli (42°51'34.8''N., 10°32'48.0''E.)—0.9 marine nature reserve centered on position 40°52'07.8''N,
mile. 9°44'48.0''E. The section of this restricted area which runs
3. Isola Pianosa (42°35'18.0''N., 10°04'42.0''E.)—4.5 parallel to the traffic separation scheme in Golfo di Olbia has
miles. a W limit joining the following positions:
4. Scog. Africa (42°21'30.6''N., 10°03'50.4''E.)—2 miles. a. 49°56'39.0''N, 9°39'52.8''E.
5. Isole di Montecristo (42°20'00.0''N., 10°18'36.0''E.)— b. 49°55'26.4''N, 9°39'52.8''E.
6 miles. 7. In the waters off the coast of Sicily in the vicinity of
Prohibited entry areas for vessels over 500 gross tons extend Capo Murro de Porco bounded by the coast and lines joining
the indicated distance from the coastline of the following is- the following positions:
lands which have been designated as nature reserves: a. 37°02.3'N, 15°18.2'E.
1. Isola Capraia (43°02'18.0''N., 9°54'24.0''E.)—5 miles. b. 37°02.6'N, 15°18.2'E.
2. Isola d’Elba including Isola Palmaiola (42°47'54.0''N., c. 37°02.6'N, 15°19.5'E.
10°32'00.0''E.)—2 miles. d. 37°01.1'N, 15°23.8'E.
3. Isola del Giglio (42°21'30.0''N., 10°04'54.0''E.)—2 e. 36°57.4'N, 15°23.8'E.
miles. f. 36°57.4'N, 15°15.7'E.
4. Isola di Giannutri (42°15'03.6''N., 11°03'18.0''E.)—5 g. 36°58.3'N, 15°14.9'E.
miles. 8. In the waters surrounding Isola di Linosa.
Prohibited entry areas for vessels over 500 gross tons have 9. In the waters surrounding Isola di Lampedusa.
been established, as follows: 10. In the waters surrounding Isola Ciclopi.
1. In the waters surrounding Secche della Meloria Vessels over 500 gross tons berthing at the ports of Savona,
(43°34.3'N., 10°13.5'E.) extending up to 1.5 miles E, up to Vado Ligure, Santa Margherita Ligure, Rapallo, and Portifino
5.5 miles W, up to 4 miles N, and then S to the N limit of the requiring access to the entry prohibited areas surrounding the
Livorno Traffic Separation Scheme. Bergeggi and Rapallo nature reserves are advised to contact the
2. In the Golfo di Manfredonia extending up to 4 miles local port authority for the latest information.
from the coast between position 41°30'24.0''N, 15°55'07.2''E The Isole Pelagie, including Isola Lampedusa (35°30'N.,
and position 41°45'45.6''N, 16°09'57.6''E. 12°36'E.), Isolotto Lampione (35°33'N., 12°19'E.), and Isola di
3. In the waters off the Promontorio del Gargano extend- Linosa (35°52'N., 12°52'E.) have been declared Marine Pro-
ing up to 2 miles from the coast between position tected Areas under Italian law. The boundaries may be marked
41°45'45.6''N, 16°09'57.6''E and position 41°55'05.4''N, by lighted or unlighted buoys or beacons. Vessels over 500 gt
15°13'28.8''E. requiring access to these areas should contact the port of
4. In the waters NW of Golfo di Oristano extending up to Lampedusa District Office before entering these areas.
Italy—MRCC and MRSC Contact Information

39-06-5923569
39-06-5924145
[email protected]
39-06-59084527 39-06-5922737
MRCC Rome [email protected]
39-06-59084697 39-06-59084793
[email protected]
39-06-59084409
39-06-59084698
MRSC Ancona 39-071-55393
[email protected]
MRSC Bari 39-080-5281511 39-080-5211726
[email protected]
MRSC Genova 39-010-2777386
MRSC Livorno 39-0586-826070 39-0586-826090 [email protected]
[email protected]
MRSC Napoli 39-081-2445308 39-081-2445347
[email protected]
MRSC Pescara 39-085-4510117
Pub. 140
370 Italy
Italy—MRCC and MRSC Contact Information

MRSC Ravenna 39-0544-443011 39-0544-447498 [email protected]
[email protected]
MRSC Reggio Calabria 39-0965-6561 39-0965-656333
[email protected]
39-0766-366419
MRSC Civitavecchia 39-0766-366415
39-0766-366465
MRSC Trieste 39-040-676611 39-040-676665 [email protected]
MRSC Venezia 39-041-2405711 39-041-2405730 [email protected]
MRSC Cagliari 39-070-60517218
(Sardegna) 39-070-699576
MRSC Olbia (Sardegna) 39-0789-21243 39-070-27737 [email protected]
MRSC Catania (Sicilia) 39-095-5533962
[email protected]
MRSC Palermo (Sicilia) 39-091-6043111 39-091-325519
[email protected]
MRSC Messina 39-090-5730832
Search and Rescue Italian Automated Search and Rescue System (ARES)
Vessels transiting the Mediterranean are encouraged to par-
The Maritime Rescue Coordination Center (MRCC) Roma, ticipate in the Italian Automated Search and Rescue System.
under the authority of the Italian Port Coast Guard, coordinates The system is aimed at a coordinated efficiency of search and
search and rescue operations within Italian waters. Further in- rescue operations. Automated Search and Rescue (ARES)
formation regarding the Italian Port Coast Guard can be ob- messages will be accepted free of charge by Italian coast radio
tained, as follows: stations.
1. Web site: http://www.guardiacostiera.it For further information on ARES, see Appendix II.
[email protected] Bonifacio Strait Reporting System (BONIFREP)
[email protected] The Strait of Bonifacio borders the S side of Corsica and
The Maritime Rescue Coordination Center and the Maritime separates it from Sardinia, a province of Italy. The Bonifacio
Rescue Coordination Subcenters (MRSC), along with contact Strait Reporting System (BONIFREP) has been established
information, are listed in the accompanying table titled Italy— within the Strait of Bonifacio and its E and W approaches. The
MRCC and MRSC Contact Information. system is mandatory for all vessels of 300 gt and over. Further
A network of coast radio stations maintains a continuous lis- information can be found in Pub. 131, Sailing Directions (En-
tening watch on international distress frequencies. route) Western Mediterranean.
Salvage vessels are stationed at Genova (44°24'N., 8°54'E.),
Livorno (43°33'N., 10°18'E.), and Naples (40°51'N., 14°16'E.).
Signals
Traffic Control Signals
Adriatic Traffic Reporting System (ADRIREP) Traffic Control Signals may be shown from Italian naval ves-
The Adriatic Traffic Reporting System (ADRIREP) is a sels. When such vessels are engaged in traffic control they
mandatory reporting system for the following vessels: show the following lights at night in addition to navigation
1. Oil tankers of 150 gt and over. lights.
2. All vessels of 300 gt and over carrying dangerous or These lights are displayed vertically, 2m apart:
polluting cargo, either in bulk or break bulk. (Dangerous car- 1. Three red lights prohibit free entry into the harbor.
go means cargo classified in the IMDG Code, in Chapter 17 2. Three white lights allow for free entry into the harbor.
of the IBC Code, and Chapter 19 in the IGC Code. Polluting
cargo means oils as defines in MARPOL Annex I, noxious Lighthouse, Lightship, and Signal Station Distress Signals
liquid substances as defined in MARPOL Annex II, and Italian lighthouses, lightships, and signal stations may exhib-
harmful substances as defined in MARPOL Annex III.) it, when necessary, as described in the table titled Lighthouse,
For further information on ADRIREP, see Appendix I. Lightship, and Signal Station Distress Signals.
Pub. 140
Italy 371
Storm Signals broadcasting on 121.5 MHz. The signals can be broadcast

In addition to the International Storm Signals, Italian ports for up to 48 hours.
may display the signals described in the table titled Storm Sig- Italian submarines in distress may also release red smoke
nals. flares, oil, or air bubbles.
Italian submarines operating on the surface display an all
Submarine Operating Areas round rotating amber light showing about 90 flashes per min-
ute.
Submarine operating areas are described below. Ships ap-
proaching these areas should abide by notice to mariners, or if MARITIME COMMAND NORTH—LA SPEZIA
lacking special navigational warnings, they should avoid as
much as possible crossing these areas. S701—Bounded by a line joining the following positions:
When, out of necessity, a ship must enter an area, it must a. 43°44'59''N, 9°31'30''E.
proceed with great caution maintaining a good lookout and ra- b. 43°58'00''N, 9°18'30''E.
dar watch. c. 44°06'00''N, 9°33'00''E.
It is absolutely necessary to comply with the signals of the d. 43°53'00''N, 9°46'00''E.
vessel escorting the submerged submarine, and with Italian sig- The area is further subdivided into the following zones:
nal stations in sight, in order to avoid emergency situations. 1. Zone A—Bounded by lines joining the following posi-
Vessels escorting submarines will hoist the signal “NE 2” for tions:
the duration of the exercise. a. 44°02'00''N, 9°25'40''E.
Italian submarines frequently operate in the Ligurian Sea and b. 44°06'00''N, 9°33'00''E.
the Tyrrhenian Sea. c. 43°53'00''N, 9°46'00''E.
Italian submarines unable to surface may release the follow- d. 43°48'40''N, 9°39'00''E.
ing buoys: 2. Zone B—Bounded by lines joining the following posi-
1. EM104—A lighted orange buoy broadcasting distress tions:
signals on 406.025 MHz and a radiobeacon broadcasting on a. 44°02'00''N, 9°25'40''E
243.0 MHz. The signals can be broadcast for up to 60 hours. b. 43°48'40''N, 9°39'00''E.
2. T-1630/SRT—An unlit black and silver buoy broad- c. 43°44'59''N, 9°31'30''E
casting distress signals on 406.025 MHz and a radiobeacon d. 43°58'00''N, 9°18'30''E.
Lighthouse, Lightship, and Signal Station Distress Signals

Day Night Meaning
A black flag with a white ball in the center A white flare Doctor needed
A black and white checkered flag or pennant A red flare followed by a white flare Damage to apparatus
Provisions and water
A black ball A red flare
needed
A black flag with a white ball in the center
A white flare followed by a red flare Shipwrecked
above a black ball
A black ball above a black flag with a white ball A white flare followed by a red and
Accident to aircraft
in the center then a white flare
Storm Signals
Day Night Meaning
Gale expected from
Black cone, point up Two red lights, vertically disposed
the NW quadrant
Gale expected from
Black cone, point down Two white lights, vertically disposed
the SW quadrant
Gale expected from
Two black cones, points up, vertically disposed One red light over one white light
the NE quadrant
Two black cones, points down, vertically Gale expected from
One white light over one red light
disposed the SE quadrant
Gale expected from
Two black cones, bases together One red light
any direction
Pub. 140
372 Italy
S701C—Bounded by a line joining the following positions: a. 39°40'00''N, 16°51'00''E.
a. 44°06'10''N, 9°33'50''E. b. 39°40'00''N, 17°13'00''E.
b. 44°04'10''N, 9°30'10''E. c. 39°34'00''N, 17°13'00''E.
c. 44°01'30''N, 9°32'50''E. d. 39°34'00''N, 17°00'00''E.
d. 44°03'30''N, 9°36'24''E.
This zone is a firing range for checking torpedoes and Time Zone
plans call for the placement of a buoy in position
44°05'20''N, 9°36'00''E. The Time Zone description is ALFA (-1). Daylight Savings
S702—Bounded by a line joining the following positions: Time (BRAVO (-2)) is maintained from the last Sunday in
a. 44°03'13''N, 9°56'18''E. March until the last Sunday in October.
b. 44°02'06''N, 9°53'24''E.
c. 44°00'36''N, 9°54'24''E.
d. 44°02'00''N, 9°58'36''E. Traffic Separation Schemes
MARITIME COMMAND SICILY—AUGUSTA Traffic Separation Schemes (TSS) in Italy are, as follows:
1. West Coast
S721—Bounded by the parallels 37°25'N and 37°20'N, and a. Golfo di Olbia. (Government of Italy)
the meridians 15°08'E and 15°19'E. b. Approaches to Pomtile ENICHEM Sud. (Govern-
S722—Bounded by the parallels 37°15'N and 37°25'N, and ment of Italy)
the meridians 15°25'E and 15°55'E. c. Approaches to Cagliari. (Government of Italy)
S723—Bounded by the parallels 36°45'N and 37°08'N, and d. Approaches to Genoa. (Government of Italy)
the meridians 15°25'E and 16°l0'E. e. Approaches to Livorno. (Government of Italy)
f. Approaches to Piombino. (Government of Italy)
MARITIME COMMAND SOUTH—TARANTO g. Approaches to Civitavecchia. (Government of Italy)
h. Approaches to Napoli. (Government of Italy)
S731—Bounded by the parallels 40°00'N and 40°18'N, and i. Approaches to Torre Annunziata. (Government of
the meridians 16°51'E and 17°09'E. Italy)
The area is further subdivided, as follows: j. Approaches to Castellammare di Stabia. (Govern-
1. Zone A—Bounded by the parallels 40°00'00''N and ment of Italy)
40°18'00''N and the meridians 16°51'00''E and 17°00'00''E k. In Stretto di Messina. (Government of Italy)
2. Zone B—Bounded by the parallels 40°00'00''N and l. Approaches to Palermo. (Government of Italy)
40°18'00''N and the meridians 17°00'00''E and 17°09'00''E. m. Approaches to Catania. (Government of Italy)
S732—Bounded by a line joining the following positions: n. Approaches to Pozzallo. (Government of Italy)
a. 40°29'30''N, 17°00'30''E. o. In the Corsica Channel. (IMO adopted) (effective 1
b. 40°28'00''N, 17°02'30''E. December 2016)
c. 40°26'50''N, 17°01'00''E. 2. East Coast
d. 40°28'30''N, 16°59'00''E. a. Approaches to Taranto. (Government of Italy)
S733—Bounded by a line joining the following positions: b. Approaches to Bari. (Government of Italy)
a. 40°00'00''N, 16°51'00''E. c. Approaches to Brindisi. (Government of Italy)
b. 40°00'00''N, 17°54'00''E. d. Approaches to Ancona and Falconara Marittima.
c. 39°39'00''N, 17°54'00''E. (Government of Italy)
d. 39°34'00''N, 17°38'00''E. e. In the North Adriatic Sea. (IMO adopted)
e. 39°34'00''N, 17°00'00''E. f. Approaches to the Gulf of Trieste. (IMO adopted)
f. 39°40'00''N, 16°51'00''E. g. Approaches to the Gulf of Venice. (IMO adopted)
The area is further subdivided into the following zones: h. In the Gulf of Trieste. (IMO adopted)
1. Zone A—Bounded by lines joining the following posi- i. Approaches to Monfalcone. (IMO adopted)
tions: j. Approaches to Chioggia, Malamocco, and Venezia.
a. 40°00'00''N, 16°51'00''E. (Government of Italy)
b. 40°00'00''N, 17°13'00''E. k. Approaches to Trieste. (Government of Italy)
c. 39°40'00''N, 17°13'00''E. l. Otranto. (Government of Italy)
d. 39°40'00''N, 16°51'00''E.
2. Zone B—Bounded by the parallels 40°00'00''N and U.S. Embassy
39°34'00''N and the meridians 17°13'00''E and 17°38'00''E:
3. Zone C—Bounded by lines joining the following posi- The U.S. Embassy is situated at Via Vittorio Veneto 121,
tions: Rome.
a. 40°00'00''N, 17°38'00''E. The mailing addresses are, as follows:
b. 40°00'00''N, 17°54'00''E. 1. Italy address—
c. 39°39'00''N, 17°54'00''E. Via Vittorio Veneto 121
d. 39°34'00''N, 17°38'00''E. 00187 Roma
4. Zone D—Bounded by lines joining the following posi- 2. U.S. address—
tions: PSC 59, Box 100
Pub. 140
Italy 373
APO AE (09624) 4. Strait of Messina (38°12'N., 15°34'E.).

5. Brindisi (40°39'N., 17°58'E.).
U. S. Embassy Italy Home Page 6. Taranto (40°28'N., 17°12'E.).
7. Mazara del Vallo, Sicily (37°39'N., 12°35'E.).
http://it.usembassy.gov
8. La Spezia (44°05'N., 9°51'E.).
9. Savona (44°19'N., 8°30'E.).
Vessel Traffic Service 10. Genova (44°24'N., 8°54'E.).
11. Piombino (42°56'N., 10°33'E.).
Vessel Traffic Services operate, as follows: 12. Bari (41°09'N., 16°51'E.).
1. Cagliari, Sardinia (39°12'N., 9°06'E.). 13. Trieste (45°39'N., 13°46'E.).
2. Palermo, Sicily (38°08'N., 13°22'E.). For further information, see Pub. 131, Sailing Direction (En-
3. Trapani, Sicily (38°01'N., 12°30'E.). route) Western Mediterranean.
Pub. 140
Italy 375
Appendix I—Adriatic Traffic Reporting System (ADRIREP)

The Adriatic Traffic Reporting System (ADRIREP) is a b. The shore-based authority to whom the First Report
mandatory reporting system under SOLAS Regulation V/11 shall be transmitted is that of the country of the port the
for the following vessels: vessel is leaving.
1. Oil tankers of 150 gt and over. c. The recipient of the First Report shall pass the infor-
2. All vessels of 300 gt and over carrying dangerous or mation on to the following authorities:
polluting cargo, either in bulk or break bulk. (Dangerous car- i. The maritime authority of the vessel’s destina-
go means cargo classified in the IMDG Code, in Chapter 17 tion, if in the area covered by ADRIREP.
of the IBC Code, and Chapter 19 in the IGC Code. Polluting ii. Brindisi Cost Guard.
cargo means oils as defined in MARPOL Annex I, noxious iii. The other shore-based authorities in between, if
liquid substances as defined in MARPOL Annex II, and any.
harmful substances as defined in MARPOL Annex III.) d. Vessels shall transmit a Position Report to the com-
The operational area covered by ADRIREP is the entire petent shore-based authority, as follows:
Adriatic Sea N of latitude 40°25'N. The area is divided into i. When entering a new sector by crossing its N
five sectors, each of which has been assigned to a competent border.
authority. ii. When entering the port of destination in the area
The system is based on VHF voice communications. Vessels covered by ADRIREP.
contact the appropriate shore-based authority on the VHF 3. Vessels crossing the Adriatic Sea.—Vessels shall
channel assigned to the sector in which the vessel is located. send a Position Report to the closest shore-based authority of
Vessels unable to report using the assigned VHF channel the country the vessel is leaving, who shall then inform the
should report by any other available communication method. maritime authority of the port of destination.
English shall be used for all communications. ADRIREP Sec- 4. Special cases.—Northbound or southbound vessels
tor Reporting Information is listed in the table titled ADRI- entering Sector 5 shall transmit the report to one of the com-
REP Sector Reporting Information. petent authorities according to where the vessel is going to or
The following procedures shall be used by all vessels re- coming from.
quired to participate in ADRIREP: Southbound vessels crossing latitude 40°25'N and either
1. Northbound vessels.— departing Sector 1 or the area covered by ADRIREP shall
a. Vessels shall transmit a First Report to the compe- transmit an additional Final Report to Brindisi Coast Guard.
tent shore-based authority of the interested sector, as fol- Note.—The format of each report, as well as the required in-
lows: formation for the report, are given in the accompanying tables.
i. When entering the Adriatic Sea by crossing lati- The responsibilities of the shore-based authorities are, as fol-
tude 40°25'N. lows:
ii. When entering the Adriatic Sea by leaving a port 1. The shore-based authority receiving the First Report
inside the area covered by ADRIREP. (01/FR) shall inform the maritime authority of the vessel’s
b. Vessels shall transmit a Position Report to the com- destination, if in the area covered by ADRIREP, and the oth-
petent shore-based authority, as follows: er shore-based authorities in between, if any.
i. When entering a new sector by crossing its S bor- 2. The shore-based authority in Sector 5 receiving the Po-
der. sition Report from the vessel entering the sector will inform
ii. When entering the port of destination in the area the other two shore-based authorities in Sector 5.
covered by ADRIREP. 3. Upon the receipt of any report, the shore-based author-
2. Southbound vessels.— ity will provide the vessel with the following information:
a. Vessels shall transmit a First Report to the compe- a. Information on navigational conditions.
tent shore-based authority of the interested sector when b. Information on weather conditions.
leaving a port inside the area covered by the system. c. Any other relevant information.
ADRIREP Sector Reporting Information

Southern Northern VHF
Sector Competent authority
border border channel
1 40°25'N 41°30'N Brindisi Coast Guard (Italy) 10
2 41°30'N 42°00'N Bar MRCC (Montenegro) 12
3 42°00'N 43°20'N Rijeka MRCC (Croatia) 10
4 43°20'N 44°30'N Ancona MRSC (Italy) 10
Coastline Venezia MRSC (Italy) 10
5 44°30'N Coastline Trieste MRSC (Italy) 10
Coastline Koper MRCC (Slovenia) 12
Pub. 140
376 Italy
ADRIREP—First Report Format ADRIREP—Position/Final Report Format

Line Description Line Description
Message Identifier: ADRIREP Message Identifier: ADRIREP
Type of report: 01/FR (First Report) Type of report: 01/PR, 02/PR, 03/PR (Position Report)
or
A Vessel name, call sign, IMO number, and flag
Type of report: ER (Final Report)
Time in UTC (date and time of report (6
A Vessel name, call sign, IMO number, and flag
B digits)—day of month (2 digits) and hours and
minutes (in 4 digits)) Time in UTC (date and time of report (6
B digits)—day of month (2 digits) and hours
Current position—latitude (4 digits followed
and minutes (in 4 digits))
C by N or S) and longitude (5 digits followed by
E or W) Current position—latitude (4 digits followed
C by N or S and longitude (5 digits followed by
E Course (3 digits)
E or W)
F Speed in knots (3 digits)
E Course (3 digits)
G Port of departure
F Speed in knots (3 digits)
Anticipated time of arrival (as expressed in B),
I G Port of departure
followed by the port of destination
Anticipated time of arrival (as expressed in
ETA at next checkpoint (as expressed in B), I
N B), followed by the port of destination
followed by parallel of the checkpoint
ETA at next checkpoint (as expressed in B),
O Draft (4 digits) in meters and centimeters N
followed by parallel of the checkpoint
Cargo information (general category of
X Any other relevant information
P hazardous cargo as defined by the IMDG,
IBC, and ICG Codes and MARPOL Annex I) Note.—The information contained in the Position
Report/Final Report shall be supplemented by any
Vessel’s representative and/or owner available
T other information which differs from the previous
on a 24-hour basis
report.
U Vessel type, dwt, gross tons, and loa in meters
W Number of people on board, including crew
X Any other relevant information
Note.—In accordance with provisions of SOLAS and
MARPOL Conventions, vessels shall also report on any
defect, damage, deficiency, or limitations, as well as
information related to any pollution incident or loss of
cargo.
Pub. 140
Italy 377
Appendix II—Italian Automated Search and Rescue System (ARES)

Vessels transiting the Mediterranean Sea are encouraged to The first five lines of every message should consist of the
participate in the Italian Automated Search and Rescue Sys- following:
tem. The system is aimed at a coordinated efficiency of search 1. Priority qualification “O” (immediate) followed by the
and rescue operations. date and time UTC, e.g. O 290855
Automated Search and Rescue (ARES) messages will be ac- 2. Prefix “FM” followed by the name of the vessel, e.g.
cepted free of charge by Italian coast radio stations. They FM RANGER
should be sent by telex to either of the following: 3. Addressee of message, e.g. TO Comando Generale
a. 43-611172 delle Capitanarie di Porto-Central Operativea—N.I.S.A.T.
b. 43-614156 (Navigation Information System in Advanced Technology)
There are four types of messages: 4. Fixed line “BT” indicating the beginning of the report
1. The Initial Report (INI) is the sailing plan and should 5. Prefix “ARES” followed by a progressive two digit re-
be sent as soon after departure as possible. port number, type of report, month, and year, e.g. ARES/01/
2. The Intermediate Report (INT) confirms the sailing INI/08/2012//
plan and should be sent at 1200 local time, if navigating in
the Mediterranean Sea, and every 48 hours if outside. This Note.—The report number should be increased sequential-
report confirms the sailing plan. ly for each subsequent report, regardless of the type of re-
3. The Modification Report (MOD) should be sent when port, and terminated with the final report at the end of the
the vessel deviates from its sailing plan or it anticipates a de- voyage.
viation of course from that previously sent, if the vessel’s po- Subsequent lines of the report commence with the line
sition is expected to differ by 15 miles in the Mediterranean identifier (A, B, etc.); the message data is separated from the
Sea or 25 miles outside. line identifier by a slash (/). Lines are terminated with a dou-
4. The Final Report (FIN) should be sent just prior to the ble slash (//).
vessel’s reaching the port of arrival. 6. Fixed line “BT” indicating the end of the report
ARES Message Format

Line Description INI INT MOD FIN
A Call sign, vessel name, and Nation Code. * R R R R
Time in UTC (date and time of report (6 digits)—day of month (2 digits)
B R R R R
and hours and minutes (in 4 digits)).
Position at the time stated in B. State name of port, identifiable position, or
C position expressed as latitude (4 digits with N or S) and longitude (5 digits R R R R
with E or W). Nation Code* must be included in INI and FIN Reports.
F Average speed in knots and tenths of knots. R M
I Destination (including Nation Code* if not an Italian port) and ETA. R M
Turn points. (Latitude and longitude, expressed as in C, representing the
route of the vessel from port of departure to port of arrival. If the course is
L direct between ports only the term “DIRETTA” should be indicated. If one R M
line is not sufficient to contain all the turn points, L may be repeated as
many times as needed.)
Cargo, danger class, MARPOL 73/78 category, quantity, method of
P transport, and placement on board. The term VARIE may be used to define ***
dangerous packaged cargo with different features. **
W Number of people on board, including crew. R
* Nation Code—Contained in ARES Rules and Regulations.
** Specific cargo codes are contained in ARES Rules and Regulations.
Key
R Required.
M May include these lines.
*** Required if vessel carries dangerous cargo.
Pub. 140
379
JAMAICA
General 379 within the 200m depth contour between Grand Pedro Bluff
Buoyage System 379 (17°51'n., 77°44'W.) and Luana Point (18°02'N., 77°57'W.).
Currency 379 Fish traps are located in the vicinity of Pedro Bank
Fishing Areas 379 (17°00'N., 78°06'W.), especially near Pedro Cays, a group of
Government 379 four islets on the SE side of Pedro Bank.
Holidays 379
Industries 380 Government
Languages 380
Meteorology 380
Pilotage 380
Regulations 380
Time Zone 381
U.S. Embassy 381
General Flag of Jamaica

Jamaica is an island located in the Caribbean Sea, S of Cuba.
Jamaica is a constitutional parliamentary democracy. The
The climate is tropical, hot, and humid with a temperate inte-
country is divided into 14 parishes.
rior.
The terrain is mostly mountains with narrow, discontinuous
Governor-General. The Prime Minister and Cabinet are ap-
coastal plains.
pointed by the Governor-General. The bicameral Parliament is
composed of a 21-member Senate (appointed by the Govern-
Buoyage System or-General to 5-year terms) and a 63-member House of Repre-
sentatives (directly elected to 5-year terms).
The IALA Buoyage System (Region B) is in effect. See The legal system is based on English common law.
The capital is Kingston.
Currency Holidays
The official unit of currency is the Jamaican dollar, consist- The following holidays are observed:
ing of 100 cents.
Fishing Areas
Ash Wednesday Variable
Fish pots moored by heavy tackle, with floats that can dam-
age a ship’s propellers, can be found on Blossom Bank
(17°52'N., 77°58'W.), New Bank (18°00'N., 78°05'W.), and Easter Sunday Variable
Pub. 140
380 Jamaica
Easter Monday Variable Pilotage

May 23 National Labor Day Pilotage is compulsory for all vessels 50 gross tons and over
Sunday before August 6 Emancipation Day except, as follows:
1. Government vessels.
August 6 Independence Day 2. Vessels engaged in cable operations, salvage opera-
Third Monday in October National Heroes’ Day tions, surveying, or dredging.
3. Vessels engaged in coastal trade.
4. Tugs operating within the port limits.
December 26 Boxing Day 5. Port Authority vessels.
6. Vessels under 500 gross tons when the master has ob-
Industries tained a Pilotage Exemption Certificate.
7. Other vessels approved by the Port Authority.
The main industries are bauxite mining, tourism, light manu-
facturing, food processing, rum, cement, metal, paper, chemi- Regulations
cal products, and telecommunications.
The main exports are alumina, bauxite, sugar, rum, coffee, In Jamaican waters, the port authorities use VHF channels
yams, beverages, chemicals, clothing, and mineral fuels. The 11 and 12 for pilotage and shiphandling work. Yachts and plea-
main export-trading partners are the United States, Canada, the sure craft primarily use VHF channel 68.
Netherlands, the United Kingdom, and Russia.
The main imports are food and other consumer goods, indus- Search and Rescue
trial supplies, fuel, parts and accessories for capital goods, ma-
The Jamaica Defense Force Coast Guard is responsible for
chinery and transport equipment, and construction materials.
the coordination of search and rescue operations. Contact in-
The main import-trading partners are the United States, Vene-
formation is given in the table titled Jamaica—MRCC and
zuela, Trinidad and Tobago, and China.
MRSC Contact Information.
The Jamaica Defense Force Coast Guard Headquarters
maintains a continuous listening watch for distress traffic on
Languages 2182 kHz and VHF channel 16.
The languages of the country are English and Creole.
Jamaica—MRCC and MRSC Contact Information
Meteorology Station Telephone Facsimile
876-967-8031
Marine weather forecasts are available in English from the 876-967-8032
Meteorological Service Jamaica:
MRCC Kingston 876-967-8033 876-967-8278
(http://www.metservice.gov.jm). 876-967-8193
876-322-6602
MRSC St. Ann 876-973-3256
—
Enroute Volume (Discovery Bay) 876-322-6599
Pub. 147, Sailing Directions (Enroute) Caribbean Sea Vol- MRSC St. Elizabeth 876-322-6604
ume 1. —
(Black River) 876-909-9802
Maritime Claims MRSC St. James 876-977-1033
—
The maritime territorial claims of Jamaica are, as follows: (Montego Bay) 876-322-6596
MRSC Pedro Cays 876-455-1629 —
MRSC Portland 876-322-6598
Contiguous Zone 24 miles. —
(Port Antonio) 876-715-5514
Fisheries or Economic 200 miles. MRSC St. Thomas
Zone 876-823-6588 —
(Port Morant)
tal Margin. Ship Reporting System
* Claims archipelagic status CARICOM (Caribbean Community) Advance Passenger
Maritime Boundary Disputes CARICOM APIS is a mandatory reporting system providing
Colombia, Honduras, Nicaragua, Jamaica, and the United Advance Passenger Information (API) about passengers and
States assert various claims to Bajo Nuevo and Serranilla crew to the Joint Regional Communications Center (JRCC)
Bank. Barbados for vessels bound for or departing from a port in the
Pub. 140
Jamaica 381
CARICOM area. Further information can be found in Carib- ings Time is not observed.
U.S. Embassy
Signals
The U.S. Embassy is situated at 142 Old Hope Road, Kings-
Visual storms signals are shown in the table titled Jamai- ton 6.
ca—Storm Warning Signals. The mailing address is P.O. Box 541, Kingston, 5.
Time Zone U. S. Embassy Jamaica Home Page
http://jm.usembassy.gov
Jamaica—Storm Warning Signals

One red light over one white
One triangular red flag Small craft advisory. Winds over 18 knots expected.
light, vertically disposed.
Two triangular red flags, vertically One white light over one red
Gale warning. Winds of 34 to 47 knots expected.
disposed light, vertically disposed.
One square red flag, with a centered Two red lights, vertically
Storm warning. Winds of 48 to 63 knots expected.
black square disposed.
Two square red flags, with a centered One white light between two
Hurricane warning. Winds over 63 knots expected.
black square, vertically disposed red lights, vertically disposed.
Pub. 140
383
LATVIA
General 383 the winter. Information on intended changes and dates is prom-
Buoyage System 383 ulgated in Latvian Notices to Mariners as necessary.
Cautions 383 It has been reported (2011) that all navigational aids in the
Currency 383 Gulf of Riga may be unreliable. Mariners should exercise cau-
Firing Areas 383 tion when using these aids.
Government 384
Ice 384
Industries 384 A local magnetic anomaly has been reported to exist in the
Languages 384 vicinity of Liepaja (56°32'N., 20°59'E.).
Mined Areas 384 The normal magnetic variation may increase or decrease by
Navigational Information 385 as much as 12° in the SE corner of the Gulf of Riga.
Pilotage 386
Pollution 386 Currency
Regulations 387
Search and Rescue 387 The official unit of currency is the lats, which consists of 100
Time Zone 388 santims.
U.S. Embassy 388
Vessel Traffic Service 388 Firing Areas
General Gulf of Riga (Area M1).—A military practice area bounded
by lines joining the following positions:
Latvia is located in Eastern Europe between Estonia and a. 57°32'N, 23°38'E.
Lithuania and borders the Baltic Sea. b. 57°32'N, 23°53'E.
The climate is maritime and wet, with moderate winters. c. 57°20'N, 23°53'E.
The country’s terrain consists mainly of a low plain. d. 57°20'N, 23°38'E.
West coast N of Liepaja (Area M2).—A military practice
Buoyage System area bounded by the coast and lines joining the following posi-
tions:
The IALA Buoyage System (Region A) is in effect. See a. 56°39.1'N, 21°02.6'E. (coast)
Chart No. 1 for further IALA Buoyage System information. b. 56°39.1'N, 20°42.0'E.
Many buoys and lighted buoys are withdrawn or replaced for c. 56°46.2'N, 20°42.0'E.
Pub. 140
384 Latvia
d. 56°46.2'N, 21°03.5'E. (coast) Gulf of Riga itself.
For information on required reports for vessels transiting the
Government Gulf of Riga in the winter navigation season, see Regula-
tions—Ice Regulations.
For information on obtaining general ice information for the
Baltic Sea, see Baltic Sea—Ice.
Industries
The main industries are processed foods, processed wood
products, textiles, processed metals, pharmaceuticals, railroad
cars, synthetic fibers, and electronics.
The main exports are food products, wood and wood prod-
ucts, machinery and equipment, metals, and textiles. The main
Flag of Latvia export-trading partners are Lithuania, Russia, Estonia, Germa-
ny, Poland, Sweden, and the United Kingdom.
Latvia is an parliamentary republic. The country is divided The main imports are machinery and equipment, consumer
into 110 municipalities and nine cities. goods, chemicals, fuels, and vehicles. The main import-trading
Latvia is governed by a President who is elected by the Par- partners are Lithuania, Germany, Poland, Russia, Estonia, and
liament to serve a 4-year term. The Prime Minister is appointed Finland.
by the President. The unicameral Parliament consists of 100
members, serving 4-year terms, who are directly elected under
a system of proportional representation.
Languages
The legal system is based on a civil law system. Lettish is the official language. Polish, Russian, and other
The capital is Riga. languages are spoken.
Holidays Mined Areas

The following holidays are observed: Formerly mined areas, now open to surface navigation, are
located, as follows:
January 1 New Year’s Day 1. Approach to Riga.—An area bounded by the coast-
line and lines joining the following positions:
Good Friday Variable a. 56°58.89'N, 23°49.88'E.
Easter Sunday Variable b. 57°12.49'N, 23°49.88'E.
c. 57°12.49'N, 24°06.78'E.
Easter Monday Variable d. 57°18.99'N, 24°06.78'E.
May 1 Labor Day e. 57°18.99'N, 24°16.88'E.
f. 57°12.99'N, 24°17.78'E.
May 4 Declaration on the Re-
g. 57°10.79'N, 24°08.38'E.
newal of Independence
h. 57°05.59'N, 24°08.38'E.
Second Sunday in May Mothers’ Day 2. Southwest of Kolka Rags.—An area bounded by the
coastline and lines joining the following positions:
June 23 Ligo Day (Midsummer
Solstice Eve) a. 57°36.49'N, 22°46.38'E.
b. 57°40.49'N, 22°48.28'E.
June 24 St. John’s Day (Jani) c. 57°39.19'N, 22°57.38'E.
(Midsummer Solstice) d. 57°34.99'N, 22°55.58'E.
November 18 Independence Day 3. Irbe Strait.—An area bounded by the coastline and
December 25 Christmas Day a. 57°19.99'N, 21°27.88'E.
December 26 St. Stephen’s Day b. 57°24.99'N, 21°14.88'E.
c. 57°39.99'N, 21°32.38'E.
December 31 New Year’s Eve d. 57°39.99'N, 21°25.88'E.
e. 57°47.99'N, 21°25.87'E.
Ice f. 57°47.99'N, 21°34.87'E.
g. 57°48.45'N, 21°58.87'E and continuing along the
In Latvian waters during the winter navigation season the re- coastline of Saarema Island to:
sponsibility for the control and operation of ice services and h. 58°46.34'N, 22°55.03'E.
icebreakers is divided between the harbormasters at Liepaja, i. 57°45.59'N, 22°36.38'E.
Ventspils, and Riga. In addition, the harbormaster at Riga also This area encompasses the territorial waters of Latvia and
has responsibility for winter navigation in Irbe Strait, which is Estonia.
the principal entrance to the Gulf of Riga, as well as for the 4. South of Uzava Light.—An area delimited by the
Pub. 140
Latvia 385
coastline, the parallels of latitude 57°03.99'N and c. 56°31'N, 20°56'E.

57°09.99'N, and the meridian of longitude 21°14.88'E. d. 56°30'N, 20°53'E.
5. Approach to Liepaja.—An area delimited by the This area has been designated for the use of small trans-
coastline, the parallels of latitude 56°48.99'N and port and fishing vessels.
56°06.49'N, and the meridian of longitude 20°27.88'E. 9. West of Liepaja Harbor—Area No. 55—An area
The following anchorages have been established in formerly bounded by lines joining the following positions:
mined areas: a. 56°31'N, 20°50'E.
1. Approach to Riga—Area No. 44 b. 56°32'N, 20°52'E.
a. 57°07'N, 23°51'E. c. 56°33'N, 20°50'E.
b. 57°08'N, 23°49'E. d. 56°33'N, 20°52'E.
c. 57°09'N, 23°51'E. 10. West of Liepaja Harbor—Area No. 56—An area
d. 57°08'N, 23°52'E. bounded by lines joining the following positions:
2. Approach to Riga—Area No. 45—An area bounded a. 56°30'N, 20°43'E.
by lines joining the following positions: b. 56°33'N, 20°48'E.
a. 57°05'N, 23°53'E. c. 56°33'N, 20°45'E.
b. 57°07'N, 23°51'E. d. 56°31'N, 20°48'E.
c. 57°08'N, 23°55'E. This area is a deepwater anchorage.
d. 57°06'N, 23°56'E. Disused mine exercise areas, within which shipping is not
3. North of Ventspils Harbor—Area No. 50—An area recommended and fishing and anchoring are prohibited, are lo-
bounded by lines joining the following positions: cated, as follows:
a. 57°30'N, 21°28'E. 1. West of Akmenrags.—An area bounded by lines
b. 57°32'N, 21°30'E. joining the following positions:
c. 57°31'N, 21°32'E. a. 56°48.99'N, 20°24.88'E.
d. 57°29'N, 21°30'E. b. 56°51.99'N, 20°24.88'E.
This area is designated for the anchorage of gas and liquid c. 56°51.99'N, 20°28.88'E.
cargo tankers. d. 56°48.99'N, 20°28.88'E.
4. Northwest of Ventspils Harbor—Area No. 50A— 2. Southwest of Akmenrags.—An area bounded by
An area bounded by lines joining the following positions: lines joining the following positions:
a. 57°30'N, 21°21'E. a. 56°41.69'N, 20°41.88'E.
b. 57°32'N, 21°22'E. b. 56°44.09'N, 20°41.88'E.
c. 57°31'N, 21°23'E. c. 56°44.09'N, 20°44.58'E.
d. 57°30'N, 21°23'E. d. 56°41.69'N, 20°44.58'E.
This area is intended for vessels of large tonnage. Explosives dumping grounds, where anchoring, bottom fish-
5. Ventspils Harbor—Area No. 51—An area bounded ing, underwater activities, and blasting are prohibited due to
by lines joining the following positions: sunken explosives, are located, as follows:
a. 57°27'N, 21°29'E. 1. West of Liepaja.—A circle with a radius of 0.5 mile
b. 57°28'N, 21°27'E. drawn from position 56°21.79'N, 19°44.88'E
c. 57°29'N, 21°29'E. 2. Southwest of Liepaja.—An area bounded by lines
d. 57°28'N, 21°31'E. joining the following positions:
This is a quarantine anchorage as well as a designated an- a. 55°55.98'N, 18°38.88'E.
chorage for crude oil tankers or vessels carrying other explo- b. 56°15.98'N, 18°38.88'E.
sive and inflammable cargo. c. 56°15.98'N, 18°50.88'E.
6. Ventspils Harbor—Area No. 51A—An area bounded d. 56°19.98'N, 18°54.88'E.
by lines joining the following positions: e. 56°19.99'N, 19°30.88'E.
a. 57°26'N, 21°31'E. f. 56°06.99'N, 19°14.88'E.
b. 57°28'N, 21°31'E. g. 55°55.98'N, 19°14.88'E.
c. 57°28'N, 21°34'E. This area is located in the economic zones of Latvia and
d. 57°26'N, 21°34'E. Sweden.
This area is designated for the use of fishing vessels. An area where shipping is temporarily prohibited is bounded
7. Ventspils Harbor—Area No. 52—An area bounded by the coastline and lines joining the following positions:
by lines joining the following positions: a. 56°12.0'N, 20°59.5'E.
a. 57°26'N, 21°27'E. b. 56°12.0'N, 20°53.0'E.
b. 57°27'N, 21°25'E. c. 56°17.0'N, 20°53.0'E.
c. 57°28'N, 21°26'E. d. 56°17.0'N, 20°59.2'E.
d. 57°26'N, 21°29'E.
This area is designated as a dry cargo vessel anchorage. Navigational Information
8. Liepaja Harbor—Area No. 54—An area bounded by
lines joining the following positions: Enroute Volume
a. 56°30'N, 20°53'E. Pub. 194, Sailing Directions (Enroute) Baltic Sea (Southern
b. 56°30'N, 20°56'E. Part).
Pub. 140
386 Latvia
Maritime Claims Place of Refuge
The maritime territorial claims of Latvia are, as follows: The following places of refuge for vessels in distress have
been designated in Latvian waters and harbors, as follows:
Territorial Sea * 12 miles. 1. The port of Liepaja (56°32'N., 20°59'E.) and Anchor-
age L3.
Fisheries or Economic 200 miles. ** 2. The port of Riga (57°04'N., 24°02'E.) and the anchor-
Zone age in position 57°07'N, 23°52'E.
Continental Shelf Depth of 200m or the Limit 3. The port of Ventspils (57°24'N, 21°32'E) and Anchor-
of Exploitation. age V2.
4. The anchorage in the lee of Kolka in position 57°42'N,
* Foreign warships which are nuclear powered or carrying
22°45'E.
nuclear material may not enter Latvian ports or territorial
The specific place of refuge will be provided to the vessel by
waters without receiving permission at least 30 days prior
MRCC Riga.
to arrival.
** To defined limits. Monitoring Single Hull Tankers
The transport of heavy grade oils is not allowed on single
Maritime Boundary Disputes hull tankers of certain sizes and ages. Denmark, Estonia, Fin-
The 1998 maritime boundary treaty with Lithuania has not land, Latvia, Norway, and Sweden have adopted measures to
been ratified by the Latvian Parliament, primarily due to con- monitor the observance of theses regulations. For further infor-
cerns over oil exploration rights. mation, see Denmark—Pollution.
Internet Maritime Safety Information Reporting Requirements for Vessels Carrying Dangerous
Navigational warnings are available, in English, from the or Polluting Cargo
Maritime Administration of Latvia (http://www.navtex.lv). Masters, agents, or operators of any vessel departing from a
port outside the European Union and bound for or departing a
port or anchorage in the territorial sea or internal waters of Lat-
Pilotage via and carrying dangerous or polluting cargo shall forward a
Pre-entry Report to the national SafeSeaNet system via the
Pilotage is compulsory for entering and leaving all Latvian SafeSeaNet web site. Preregistration is required.
ports and for mooring and casting off. Pilots should be ordered
through the local agent 4 hours in advance and confirmed 1 Latvia SafeSeaNet Home Page
hour in advance. http://www.safeseanet.lv
Vessels requiring a deep-sea pilot in the Baltic Sea should
send a request to Ventspils or Riga. The report must contain the following information:
1. Vessel name, call sign, and IMO number or MMSI.
Pollution 2. Port of destination in Latvia.
3. ETA at destination port or ETD from Latvian port.
General 4. Number of persons on board.
The Coast Guard or the nearest harbormaster should be noti-
5. Correct technical name of cargo.
fied of any incidents referring to leakage or the possible leak- 6. UN number of cargo, if appropriate.
age of oil or other hazardous substances in Latvian waters from 7. IMO class in accordance with the IMCG, IBC, IMS-
a vessel, offshore equipment, port terminal, or other source.
BC, and ICG Codes.
The notification must be given to MRCC Riga (Riga Rescue 8. Class of vessel as defined by the INF Code, if appro-
Radio) and should include the following information: priate.
1. Source and cause of pollution.
9. Quantities of cargo.
2. Location and quantity of pollution. 10. Location of cargo on board.
3. Type of substance being spilled. 11. If cargo is being carried in transport units other than
4. Information on weather leakage has been stopped.
tanks, the identification number thereof.
MRCC Riga (Riga Rescue Radio) can be contacted, as fol- 12. Confirmation that the vessel carries a list, manifest, or
lows: appropriate loading plan giving details and the location of
the dangerous or polluting cargo carried.
1. Telephone: 371-67323103 13. Contact details of person from which detailed infor-
(emergency) mation on the cargo can be obtained.
371-67082070 (mobile)
MARPOL Special Area
371-29476101 (mobile) The Baltic Sea, including the Gulf of Bothnia and the Gulf of
2. Facsimile: 371-67320100 Finland, has been designated as a MARPOL Special Area.
MARPOL Special Areas are sea areas where special mandato-
ry methods for the prevention of oil pollution in the sea have
4. INMARSAT-C (AOR-E) 427518510=RIGA X been adopted.
Pub. 140
Latvia 387
Further information can be found in North Atlantic tion

Ocean—Pollution—MARPOL Special Areas. Under European Union (EU) Directive 2002/59/EC, as
This Special Area is under intensive surveillance for pollu- amended by EU Directive 2009/17/EC, any vessel over 300
tion and violations of traffic rules. Further information on pol- gross tons and any vessel carrying dangerous or polluting cargo
lution reporting can be found in Baltic Sea—Pollution— bound to or leaving from EU ports should report to the relevant
Pollution Reporting. port authority at least 24 hours in advance.
Regulations ropean Union Dangerous and Polluting Cargo Notifica-
tions.
Notifications
Vessels should send their ETA to the respective harbormaster Recommendation on Baltic Sea Navigation
through their local agent 24 hours and 4 hours in advance. The IMO has issued recommendations regarding vessel tran-
All foreign vessel must immediately notify the Latvian Coast sits of the entrances to the Baltic Sea. For further information,
Guard and the harbormaster of the nearest Latvian port if the see Baltic Sea—Regulations.
following occur within Latvian territorial waters:
1. The vessel is adrift. Particularly Sensitive Sea Areas (PSSA)
2. The vessel must anchor in case of an emergency. The Baltic Sea area of Sweden, Denmark, Finland, Estonia,
Vessels shall submit ISPS information electronically via Lithuania, Latvia, Poland, and Germany (except for waters un-
SafeSeaNet (see Pollution for further information.) der Russian jurisdiction) has been declared by the IMO to be a
PSSA.
Ice Regulations A PSSA is an area that requires special protection because of
During the ice navigation season, all vessels bound for the its vulnerability to damage caused by marine activities. Vessels
port of Riga or ports on the coastline of Latvia in the Gulf of operating in or near such an area should exercise the utmost
Riga are prohibited from entering Irbe Strait and the Gulf of care to avoid damage to the maritime environment and the ma-
Riga, or to leave these ports independently, without a special rine organisms in it. No waste should be discharged overboard.
permit issued each time by the Captain of the icebreaker Var-
ma. The special permit takes into account the real ice condi-
tions in this area after being approved by the port of Riga Har- Search and Rescue
bormaster.
Vessels approaching Irbe Strait and the Gulf of Riga from the The Latvian Coast Guard is responsible for coordinating
search and rescue operations. Further information can be ob-
Baltic Sea should contact the following:
1. Icebreaker Varna tained from the following web site:
a. Call sign: YLKV
b. VHF: VHF channel 13 or 16 MRCC Riga Home Page
c. Telephone: 371-29341982 http://www.mrcc.lv/MRCC_Riga.aspx
371-29272477
d. Facsimile: 371-29344270 The Maritime Rescue Coordination Center (MRCC) Riga
2. Riga Vessel Traffic Service Rescue Radio maintains a continuous listening watch for dis-
a. Call sign: Riga Traffic tress traffic on 2182 kHz and VHF channel 16 and can be con-
b. VHF: VHF channel 9, 14, 16, or 78 tacted, as follows:
c. Telephone: 371-670-82032
d. Facsimile: 371-673-23117 1. Call sign: Riga Rescue Radio
e. E-mail: [email protected]
[email protected] 2. Telephone: 371-67323103 (emergency)
371-29476101 (Maritime
European Union Expanded Inspection (EI) Notification Assistance Service)
ropean Union has introduced a mandatory reporting system for 371-67082070
vessels arriving at or departing from a port or anchorage in the 371-67082071
EU region.
The reports should be submitted through the vessel’s agent to 3. Facsimile: 371-67320100
the national traffic monitoring and information system via the 371-29270690
national SafeSeaNet system (http://www.safeseanet.lv). For in-
4. E-mail: [email protected] (MRCC)
formation on the Safe-SeaNet system, see Pollution—Report-
ing Requirements for Vessels Carrying Dangerous or Polluting [email protected] (Maritime
Cargo. Assistance Service)
For further information, see North Atlantic Ocean—Regu- 5. INMARSAT-C 427518510
lations—European Union Expanded Inspection (EI) Notifi-
cation. 427502310
European Union Dangerous and Polluting Cargo Notifica- Rescue craft and/or inshore rescue boats are stationed at the
Pub. 140
388 Latvia
following locations: ga.
1. Ventspils (57°24'N., 21°33'E.). The mailing address is 1 Samnera Velsa Street, Riga LV-
2. Roja (57°30'N., 22°49'E.). 1510.
3. Riga (56°58'N., 24°06'E.).
4. Salacgriva (57°45'N., 24°22'E.). U. S. Embassy Latvia Home Page
5. Kolka (57°45'N., 22°36'E.). http://lv.usembassy.gov
Time Zone
ings Time (CHARLIE (-3)) is maintained from the last Sunday Vessel Traffic Services are in operations, as follows:
in March until the last Sunday in October. 1. Liepaja (56°32'N., 20°58'E.).
2. Riga (57°04'N., 24°01'E.).
U.S. Embassy 3. Ventspils (57°24'N., 21°32'E.).
The U.S. Embassy is situated at 1 Samnera Velsa Street, Ri- (Enroute) Gulf of Finland and Gulf of Bothnia
Pub. 140
389
LEBANON

Buoyage System 389
Firing Areas 390
Holidays 390
Industries 390 Special Warning 130 (Issued 20 November 2014)
Languages 390 1. The potential for death or injury in Lebanon exists in
Navigational Information 390 particular because of the frequency of terrorist bombing attacks
Pollution 391 throughout the country. Many of the attacks have targeted spe-
Prohibited Areas 391 cific individuals or venues, but nearly all cases have resulted in
Regulations 391 death and injuries to passersby in the vicinity. Although there
Search and Rescue 391 is no evidence these attacks were directed specifically at U.S.
Time Zone 391 citizens at this time, there is a real possibility of “wrong place,
U.S. Embassy 391 wrong time” harm to U.S. citizens. The most recent wave of
bombings began in June 2013, with four bombings in Beirut
and Tripoli that collectively left hundreds dead and wounded.
General 2. Attacks now regularly involve suicide bombers. Similar
incidents can occur without warning. In addition to these at-
Lebanon is located in the Middle East bordered on the N and tacks, there have been numerous reports in the media of Leba-
E by Syria and on the S by Israel. nese security forces disrupting other planned bombings. To
date, Lebanese security forces have been successful against po-
The climate is Mediterranean with mild to cool, wet winters tential suicide bombers, who have often been forced to deto-
and hot, dry summers. The mountains of Lebanon experience nate their vests or vehicles short of their targets. This practice
heavy winter snows. of suicide bombers adds an additional element of unpredict-
ability, since just avoiding potential target areas does not pro-
The coast of Lebanon is varied, alternating between sandy vide any guarantee from being in the wrong place at the wrong
bays and rocky headlands. time.
A narrow coastal plain is backed by Jabal Lubnan (Lebanon 3. The Department of State considers the threat to U.S.
Mountains). The fertile valley of Al Biqa (Bekaa) lies between Government personnel in Beirut sufficiently serious to require
Jabal Lubnan and the ranges of the Anti-Lebanon and Jabal them to live and work under strict security restrictions. The in-
Ash Shaykh (Mount Hermon). ternal security policies of the U.S. Embassy may be adjusted at
Pub. 140
390 Lebanon
any time and without advance notice. These practices limit, February 9 St. Maroon’s Day
and may prevent, access by U.S. Embassy officials to certain
areas of the country, especially to parts of metropolitan Beirut, Good Friday (Christian and Variable
the city of Tripoli, northern Lebanon, the Bekaa Valley, and Orthodox)
southern Lebanon. Easter Sunday (Christian Variable
and Orthodox)
Locust Reports
See North Atlantic Ocean—Cautions for further informa- Easter Monday (Christian Variable
tion. and Orthodox)
May 1 Labor Day
Currency May 6 Martyrs’ Day
The official unit of currency is the Lebanese pound, consist- August 15 Assumption Day
ing of 100 piastres. November 1 All Saints’ Day
Firing Areas November 22 Independence Day
A hill, from which firing practice takes place, is located 1.5
miles SSE of Ras Beirut Light. The axis of the firing range, ori-
ented 288°, is dangerous up to 2.5 miles from shore. Islamic holidays, which are subject to the appearance of the
During firing practice a yellow flag is hoisted in the vicinity moon, include Lailat al Miraj, Eid Al-Fitr (End of Ramadan),
Eid Al-Adha (End of Pilgrimage), Hijrah (Islamic New Year),
of the hill.
Ashoura, and the Prophet's Birthday.
Government Industries
The major industries are banking, tourism, food processing,
wine, jewelry, cement, textiles, mineral and chemical products,
wood and furniture products, metal fabricating, and oil refin-
ing.
The main exports are jewelry, base metals, inorganic chemi-
cals, miscellaneous consumer goods, fruits and vegetables, to-
bacco, construction minerals, electrical power machinery and
switching gear, textile fibers, and paper. The main export-trad-
ing partners are Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates, Iraq,
Iraq, and South Africa.
The main imports are petroleum products, cars, medicinal
products, clothing, meat, livestock, consumer goods, paper,
Flag of Lebenon textile fabrics, tobacco, electrical machinery and equipment,
and chemicals. The main import-trading partners are China, It-
Lebanon is a parliamentary republic. The country is divided aly, France, and the United States.
into eight governorates.
Lebanon is governed by a President who is elected by the Languages
National Assembly to a 6-year term. By custom, the President
is a Maronite Christian, the Prime Minister is a Sunni Muslim, Arabic is the official language. Armenian, French, and En-
and the Speaker of the National Assembly is a Shia Muslim. glish are also spoken.
The unicameral National Assembly is composed of 128 mem-
bers, who are directly-elected to 4-year terms based on propor- Navigational Information
tional sectarian representation.
The legal system is a mixture of Ottoman law, canon law, the Enroute Volume
Napoleanic code, and civil law. Pub. 132, Sailing Directions (Enroute) Eastern Mediterra-
The capital is Bayrut (Beirut). nean.

The maritime territorial claims of Lebanon are, as follows:
January 1 New Year’s Day Fisheries or Economic 200 miles. *
January 6 Armenian Christmas Zone
January 7 Orthodox Christmas * To median lines or boundaries.
Pub. 140
Lebanon 391
Pollution (33°54'N., 35°13'E.) on a course of 090° towards Bayrut

(Beirut) port breakwaters. Departure is carried out by navi-
MARPOL Special Area gating on a course of 270° until reaching the position of the
The Mediterranean Sea has been designated as a MARPOL entry point.
Special Area. MARPOL Special Areas are sea areas where 3. Sidon (Sayde)—beginning at the entry point
special mandatory methods for the prevention of oil pollution (33°34'N., 35°08'E.) on a course of 090° towards Sidon
in the sea have been adopted. (Sayde) port breakwaters. Departure is carried out by navi-
Further information can be found in North Atlantic gating on a course of 270° until reaching the position of the
Ocean—Pollution—MARPOL Special Areas. entry point.
4. Coastal corridor—along the coastline 3 miles from
Prohibited Areas shore to be used by merchant traffic between Lebanese ports.
Merchant vessels using these corridors must, at all times, ad-
The S coastal area of Lebanon, between 33°06'N and here to the following rules and regulations:
33°15'N, is restricted to navigation within 3 miles offshore. 1. Any merchant vessel destined for Tarabulus (Tripoli),
Vessels should remain 6.5 miles to seaward of the line join- Bayrut (Beirut), or Sidon (Sayde) will sail to their destina-
ing Sidon and Khaldi, just S of Bayrut. tion using the indicated corridor until 3 miles from the coast,
at which point they will head to the port entrance of their
Regulations port of destination.
2. Any merchant vessel departing a Lebanese port and
General destined for any other Lebanese port will sail along the Leb-
The Lebanese authorities require that all Lebanese and for- anese coast using the coastal corridor until their port of desti-
eign merchant vessels entering Lebanese territorial waters nation entrance.
should obtain permission from the Maritime Chamber, via the 3. When departing from their port and leaving Lebanese
agent, 24 to 36 hours prior to arrival. territorial waters, all vessels will leave their port and the ter-
All vessels should contact Bayrut Port Control on VHF ritorial waters of Lebanon by sailing on a course of 270° as
channel 16, when 12 miles from Bayrut port, to request permis- safe navigation permits.
sion to enter Lebanese territorial waters.
The legal and commercial ports are Bayrut (Beirut), Tarabu- Vessels Calling at Israeli Ports
lus (Tripoli), Jounieh (Juniye), Sidon (Sayde) and Sidon Oil It has been reported (2013) certification must be obtained
Terminal, and Sur (Sour), with the addition of certain private from the Ministry of Economy and Commerce/Boycott Office
and specialized ports such as Chekka and Selaata. of Israel prior to vessels calling at Lebanese ports to determine
Ports are open to traffic during the following periods: if a vessel has previously called at an Israeli port and/or is pro-
1. Bayrut (Beirut)—24 hours. hibited from calling at Lebanese ports. The certification must
2. Tarabulus (Tripoli), Sidon (Sayde), and Sur—between be presented to the relevant port authorities along with the ves-
0500 and 2000. sel’s ETA notice.
Passage between the above ports is limited to between 0500
and 2000.
Normal international courtesies, such as flying the Lebanese Search and Rescue
flag at the foremast, should be carefully adhered to by vessels
while in the waters and ports of Lebanon. The Lebanese navy, with a Rescue Coordination Center in
Bayrut, is responsible for search and rescue operations in Leb-
UNIFIL Maritime Task Force Regulations anese waters. RCC Bayrut can be contacted, as follows:
The United Nations Interim Force In Lebanon (UNIFIL) 1. Telephone: 961-1-629026
Maritime Task Force (MTF) is monitoring merchant traffic 2. Facsimile: 961-1-629023
sailing towards Lebanese waters or transiting inside Lebanese 3. E-mail: [email protected]
territorial waters. The UNIFIL-MTF is acting in accordance Lebanese naval bases maintain a continuous listening watch
United Nations Security Council Resolution (UNSCR) 1701. for distress traffic on 2182 kHz and VHF channel 16.
Ships approaching Lebanese territorial waters are to be ready
to answer United Nations warships’ hailing and to be con-
trolled in accordance with UNSCR 1701. Time Zone
Ships planning to enter Lebanese territorial waters are to
make sure that their agents in Lebanon inform the appropriate The Time Zone description is BRAVO (-2). Daylight Sav-
Lebanese authorities about their intended arrival. ings Time (CHARLIE (-3)) is maintained from the last Sunday
Four entry corridors have been established into and through in March until the last Saturday in October.
Lebanese territorial waters, as follows:
1. Tarabulus (Tripoli) corridor—beginning at the entry U.S. Embassy
point (34°30'N., 35°31'E.) on a course of 090° towards
Tarabulus (Tripoli) port breakwaters. Departure is carried out The U.S. Embassy is situated at Awkar, facing the munici-
by navigating on a course of 270° until reaching the position pality.
of the entry point. The mailing addresses are, as follows:
2. Bayrut (Beirut) corridor—beginning at the entry point 1. Lebanon address—
Pub. 140
392 Lebanon
P.O. Box 70-840 Antelias Washington, DC (20521-6070)
Bayrut, Lebanon
2. U. S. address— U. S. Embassy Lebanon Home Page
6070 Beirut Place http://lebanon.usembassy.gov
Department of State
Pub. 140
393
LIBERIA
General 393 Aids to navigation in Liberia are unreliable. Lights may be

Buoyage System 393 extinguished; buoys and beacons may be missing, unlit, or out
Cautions 393 of position.
Currency 393
Holidays 394
Industries 394 Fishing vessels, many of which may be unlit, may be en-
Languages 394 countered off the entire coast of Liberia.
Regulations 394 Special Warning 92 (Issued 3 December 1992; revised 29
Search and Rescue 394 October 1997; reviewed 22 October 2014)
Ship Reporting System 394 1. Mariners are advised to use caution when sailing near
Time Zone 394 the coast of Liberia.
U.S. Embassy 395 2. The United Nations Security Council has passed Resolu-
tion 788 (November 19, 1992), which says that “all states shall,
General for the purposes of establishing peace and stability in Liberia,
immediately implement a general and complete embargo on all
Liberia lies on the W coast of Africa. It borders Guinea, Ivo- deliveries of weapons and military equipment to Liberia until
ry Coast, and Sierra Leone and has about 350 miles of coast- the Security Council decides otherwise.” Resolution 788 also
line on the Atlantic Ocean. “requests all states to respect the measures established by the
Three distinct land forms lie parallel to the coast: Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) to
1. The low coastal belt. bring about a peaceful solution to the conflict in Liberia.”
2. The high forest area, with elevations of 244m.
3. The inland plateau, with elevations of 57 to 610m. Currency
The climate is tropical, with annual rainfall of over 5,000mm
on the coast, decreasing to about 1,800mm inland. The average The official unit of currency is the Liberian dollar, consisting
mean temperature is about 29°C. The rainy season is between of 100 cents, although U.S. currency is legal tender.
April and November.
Government
Buoyage System
Liberia is a republic. The country is divided into 15 counties.
The IALA Buoyage System (Region A) is in effect. See Liberia is governed by a directly-elected President who
Chart No. 1 for further IALA Buoyage System information. serves a renewable 6-year term. The bicameral National As-
Pub. 140
394 Liberia
rea, Japan, and the Philippines.
Languages
English is the official language. There are also about 20 eth-
nic group languages, of which a few can be written and are
used in correspondence.
Flag of Liberia Enroute Volume
sembly consists of a directly-elected 30-member Senate, serv- and Northwest Africa.
ing 9-year terms, and a directly-elected 73-member House of
Representatives, serving 6-year terms. Maritime Claims
The legal system is based on a combination of Anglo-Amer- The maritime territorial claims of Liberia are, as follows:
ican common law and local customary law.
The capital is Monrovia.
Holidays Contiguous Zone 24 miles.
The following holidays are observed: Zone
January 1 New Year’s Day Continental Shelf Depth of 200m or the Limit
of Exploitation.
February 11 Armed Forces Day
March 8 Decoration Day Regulations
March 15 J. J. Robert’s Birthday
The Economic Community of West African States (ECOW-
Easter Sunday Variable AS) has declared an embargo on arms and military equipment
April 12 National Redemption destined for Liberia. Its monitoring group (ECOMOG) has im-
Day posed a maritime exclusion zone of 15 miles along the coast of
Liberia.
April 14 Fast and Prayer Day The port of Monrovia is accessible. Vessels should state their
May 6 Samuel K. Doe’s Birth- ETA to ECOMOG at least 24 hours in advance, as follows:
day ECOMOG
P.O. Box 10.9033
May 14 National Unification Monrovia, Liberia
Day Vessels should contact the warships maintaining the embar-
May 25 Africa Day go upon entering the territorial waters of Liberia.
July 26 Independence Day
August 24 Nation Flag Day Search and Rescue
October 29 National Youth Day
Monrovia Regional Maritime Rescue Coordination Center
November 7 Thanksgiving Day can be contacted, as follows:
November 29 W. V. S. Tubman’s 1. Telephone: 231-777092229
Birthday 231-777290158 (mobile)
2. Facsimile: 231-24300011
December 25 Christmas Day 3. E-mail: [email protected]
Industries Ship Reporting System

The main industries are agriculture, iron ore, rubber process- Gulf of Guinea Voluntary Reporting System.—For further
ing, palm oil processing, timber, and diamonds. information, see North Atlantic Ocean—Ship Reporting
The main exports are rubber, timber, iron, diamonds, cocoa, System.
and coffee. The main export-trading partners are Poland, Chi-
na, India, and the United States. Time Zone
The main imports are fuels, chemicals, machinery, transpor-
tation equipment, manufactured goods, and foodstuffs. The The Time Zone description is ZULU. Daylight Savings Time
main import-trading partners are Singapore, China, South Ko- is not observed.
Pub. 140
Liberia 395
U.S. Embassy
U.S. Embassy Liberia Home Page
The U.S. Embassy is situated at 502 Benson Street, Monro- http://lr.usembassy.gov
via. The mailing address is P.O. Box 98, Monrovia.
Pub. 140
397
LIBYA

Buoyage System 397
Cautions 397 Special Warning 131 (Issued 9 January 2015)
Currency 398 1. The Libyan National Army announced on 07 JAN 15
Firing Areas 398 that all vessels in Libyan waters require army approval for tran-
Fishing Areas 398 sit, following the 04 JAN 15 bombing of a Greek-operated oil
Government 399 tanker near Derna, Libya, that killed two crewmen. The escala-
Holidays 399 tion of violence in Libya against civilian commercial interests
Industries 399 raises serious concerns about the safety of maritime vessels
Languages 399 and their crew.
Mined Areas 399
Navigational Information 399 2. U.S. mariners are advised to exercise extreme caution
Pollution 399 while transiting in or near Libya's territorial sea. Vessels are
Regulations 399 advised to proceed with extreme caution when approaching all
Ship Reporting System 400 Libyan oil terminals and ports and are encouraged to adhere to
Submarine Operating Areas 400 the recommendations in the U.S. Coast Guard’s Port Security
Time Zone 400 Advisory 1-14 issued 01 APR 14. Due to the security environ-
U.S. Embassy 400 ment, the United States Embassy in Tripoli temporarily sus-
pended all operations in Libya on 26 JUL 14. There are no U.S.
General government personnel in Libya. Mariners planning to travel to
Libya should check the most recent travel warning (www.trav-
Libya is located in Northern Africa, bordering the Mediterra- el.state.gov), the U.S. Coast Guard Homeport website for any
nean Sea, between Egypt and Tunisia. Port Security Advisory Updates (https:homeport.uscg.mil),
The climate is Mediterranean along the coast and extremely and the NGA broadcast warnings website (http://
dry in the desert interior. www.msi.nga.mil/ngaportal/msi.portal; select "Broadcast
The terrain is mostly barren, flat to undulating plains, pla- Warnings") for any Special Warnings or Maritime Administra-
teaus, and depressions. tion Advisories before arrival.
3. The publication of this notice is solely for the purpose of
Buoyage System advising U.S. mariners of information relevant to navigational
safety and in no way constitutes a legal recognition of the va-
The IALA Buoyage System (Region A) is in effect. See lidity of any foreign rule, regulation, or proclamation so pub-
Chart No. 1 for further IALA Buoyage System information. lished.
Pub. 140
398 Libya
Military Operations off Libya The following areas are prohibited to navigation:
Military operations are occurring off Libya in an area bound- 1. Khalij Surt (Gulf of Sidra).—An area bounded by
ed by the coast and latitude 34°00'N. Ships in this area or near lines joining the following positions:
the boundary line should proceed with extreme caution and a. 31°09'N, 19°42'E.
contact the nearest coast radio station to receive a safe track- b. 31°09'N, 19°19'E.
line. The vessel should send the following information to the c. 31°56'N, 19°19'E.
Maritime Transport Agency (MTA), using the contact informa- d. 31°56'N, 19°42'E.
tion in the table titled MTA Contact Information, 72 hours 2. An area bounded by lines joining the following posi-
prior to arrival and daily at 1200: tions:
1. Position. a. 32°52'N, 12°44'E.
2. Course. b. 32°58'N, 12°48'E.
3. Speed. c. 32°58'N, 13°06'E.
4. ETA at the destination. d. 32°53'N, 13°06'E.
5. Cargo. 3. An area lying within 10 miles of the coast between
6. Name of ship’s agent. Marsa Dilah (32°48'N., 12°45'E.) and Ras al Ahmar, about
20 miles ENE.
MTA Contact Information
Fishing Areas
Contact name Omar A. Omar Tunny Net Areas
Telephone 218-9255-42024 During certain seasons of the year, expansive tunny nets are
laid out in places off the Libyan coast. The nets are sometimes
Facsimile 218-087627-623539
upward of 5 miles offshore and should be avoided.
E-mail [email protected] The prescribed marking for all tunny fisheries is, as follows:
1. By day.—Two balls displayed vertically, the upper one
Contact name Mohamed F. Abdulaaty
red, the lower white, and not less than 2m apart. They are
Telephone 218-9222-92612 shown at a height of not less than 5m above the sea from
Facsimile 218-087627-623539 boats or floats moored seaward of the central outer portion of
the main nets or the return, whichever extends farthest.
E-mail [email protected] 2. By night.—Two lights, the upper one red, the lower
white, visible not less than 2 miles, are shown in place of the
Locust Reports above balls.
See North Atlantic Ocean—Cautions for further informa- Tunny nets which do not extend more than 0.15 mile from
tion. the coast, and are not laid out in areas frequented by shipping,
are exempt from showing the above night signals.
General Practical difficulties, especially off the coast of the province
Oil rigs and production platforms may be located anywhere of Tripolitania, in the NW part of Libya, may temporarily pre-
up to 23 miles off the coast of Libya. vent the proper marking of tunny fisheries areas and may affect
Vessels anchoring in the roadsteads off Libya in the winter their dimensions and positions. Generally, such fisheries are al-
are recommended, with permission of the harbor authority, to lotted a water area of about 3 miles along their front, 5.5 miles
leave their daytime anchorage and to anchor further offshore at on their W side, and 0.5 mile along their E side.
night due to the strong winds and occasional gales from the Where nets have been laid out, vessels should keep not less
NW. than 6 miles from the coast to avoid the possibility of fouling
them. Great caution should be observed when entering or leav-
Currency ing a port.
Tunny nets are usually laid as far as:
The official unit of currency is the Libyan dinar, consisting a. 5 miles offshore of Zuwarah.
of 1,000 millemes. a. Northwest, NE, and E from Marsa Sabratah.
b. 2.5 miles NNW of Marsa Zuwaghah.
Firing Areas c. 5 miles N of Marsa Dilah.
d. 5 miles offshore of Zanzur.
Firing exercises take place in two areas off the Libyan coast e. 2.5 miles NNW of Ras el-Ahmar.
from Ras Ajdir to Tarabulus. These areas are described below, f. 3 miles W of Ras al Hallab, the end of which may proj-
as follows: ect as far as 5 miles from shore, in proximity of normal ship-
1. Area 1.—An area bounded by lines drawn joining the ping routes.
following positions: g. 4.5 miles offshore of Ras al Misann.
a. 33°20'N, 12°36'E. h. The sea area fronting Sidi Muftah.
b. 33°20'N, 13°00'E. i. 1.5 miles NNW of Zlitan.
c. 33°04'N, 13°00'E. j. 2.5 and 5 miles NW of Sidi Bu Fatimah and Marsa Zu-
d. 33°08'N, 12°42'E. rayq.
2. Area 2.—An area delimited by the parallel 33°00'N, k. 2.2 miles offshore of Minqares Sighir (4 miles NE of
the meridians 12°25'E and 13°10'E, and the coast. Banghazi).
Pub. 140
Libya 399
Government Languages
Arabic is the official language. Italian and English are also in
general use in the major cities.
Mined Areas
Mines have been reported in areas bounded by lines joining
the following positions:
1. Area 1
a. 32°52.8'N, 13°24.5'E.
b. 32°57.7'N, 13°24.5'E.
c. 32°57.6'N, 13°18.0'E.
d. 32°53.8'N, 13°22.3'E.
2. Area 2
Flag of Libya a. 32°53.7'N, 13°20.6'E.
b. 32°55.9'N, 13°18.0'E.
Libya currently functions under a transitional government.
c. 32°55.9'N, 13°15.0'E.
The country is divided into 22 districts.
d. 32°54.5'N, 13°15.0'E.
Libya is governed by a President elected by the General Na-
tional Congress. The General National Congress consists of
200 members elected from constituency and party lists. Navigational Information
The legal system is based on Italian civil law, French civil
law, and Islamic law. Enroute Volume
The capital is Tripoli.
nean.
The maritime territorial claims of Libya are, as follows:
March 2 Proclamation of the
People’s Authority Fisheries or Economic 74 miles.
Zone
March 28 Evacuation of the British
Forces Continental Shelf No specified limits.
June 11 Evacuation of the * Claims straight baselines. Requires advance permission

American Forces or notification for innocent passage of warships in the
territorial sea. Claims the Gulf of Sidra as a historic bay.
July 23 Revolution Day All merchant ships required to give prior notice of
September 1 National Day innocent passage.
October 7 Evacuation of the Italians
Pollution
Islamic holidays, which are subject to the appearance of the MARPOL Special Area
moon, include Eid Al-Fitr (End of Ramadan), Eid Al-Adha The Mediterranean Sea has been designated as a MARPOL
(End of Pilgrimage), Hijrah (Islamic New Year), and the Special Area. MARPOL Special Areas are sea areas where
Prophet’s Birthday. special mandatory methods for the prevention of oil pollution
Industries Further information can be found in North Atlantic
The main industries are petroleum, petrochemicals, alumi-
num, iron and steel, food processing, textiles, handicrafts, and Regulations
cement.
The main exports are crude oil, refined petroleum products, The normal international courtesies, such as flying the Liby-
chemicals, and natural gas. The main export-trading partners an flag at the foremast, should be carefully adhered to while in
are Italy, Germany, China, France, Spain, the Netherlands, and the territorial waters and ports of Libya.
Syria. The Libyan flag and the ship’s national flag must be shown
The main imports are machinery, transport equipment, semi- by day and night. Failure to fly the Libyan flag may result in a
finished goods, food, and consumer products. The main im- heavy fine.
port-trading partners are China, Italy, Turkey, Tunisia, and Before arrival at the outer limits of a Libyan port, vessels are
France. requested to display the following signals:
Pub. 140
400 Libya
1. Flags of the vessel’s call sign. Approach
2. Quarantine flag. Destination
Reporting Points
3. Ship’s national flag.
4. Libyan flag at the foremast. 32°20'N, 20°06'E.
5. A red flag during daylight, and red light at night, if car- 32°17'N, 19°53'E.
Banghazi (Bengasi)
rying explosives or any inflammable cargo. 32°09'N, 19°49'E.
6. Pilot flag. 32°03'N, 19°50'E.
Libyan law does not permit ships transiting Libyan waters to Az Zuwaytinah Oil Terminal 32°43'N, 19°06'E.
retain on board Israeli flags, stores, goods, or containers of Is-
raeli origin, or literature pertaining to Israel, even though the Marsa al Burayqah Oil Terminal
32°43'N, 19°06'E.
above items may be normally a part of the vessel’s navigation (El Brega Oil Terminal)
equipment. Any vessel having such items on board upon arrival Ras Lanuf Oil Terminal 32°43'N, 19°06'E.
in the harbor will be liable to a heavy fine and confiscation of
the goods or containers. In addition, the Libyan authorities may Qasr Ahmad (Misratah) 32°34'N, 15°16'E.
refuse to clear the vessel. 33°05'N, 13°19'E.
All ships must ensure that they have on board all certificates 33°07'N, 13°10'E.
Tarabulus (Tripoli)
and documents required including the safe minimum manning 33°05'N, 13°04'E.
certificate when entering any Libyan port or passing through 33°00'N, 12°58'E.
Libyan waters.
Zuwarah (Zuara) 33°03'N, 12°15'E.
Ships violating these regulations may be subject to punitive
penalties. See Pub. 132, Sailing Directions (Enroute) Eastern
Mediterranean and the chart for further information. All vessels arriving, departing, or on passage between Liby-
an ports within Libyan territorial waters must make regular
contact every 4 hours with a Libyan coast radio station on VHF
Ship Reporting System channel 16 or a port radio station on VHF channel 11 or 16.
Ships bound to any Libyan port must send the following in- Vessels must maintain a continuous listening watch on VHF
formation to the appropriate port authority or their agent in channel 16.
Libya after departing their last port-of-call: All ships must abide by the designated anchorages and pro-
1. Name of vessel. hibited areas and adjust their course to pass an Approach Re-
2. Call sign. porting Point. Vessels may not shift berths except when
3. Nationality of vessel. directed by the port authority.
4. Name and address of owner.
5. Name and nationality of master.
6. Number of crew and passengers. Submarine Operating Areas
7. Gross tonnage.
8. Type and quantity of cargo. A submarine exercise area exists seaward of the coast be-
9. Destination port and intended duration of stay. tween Zuara and Tarabulus, 55 miles E.
10. ETA.
Vessels must contact the nearest coast radio station 24 hours Time Zone
prior to arriving at the Approach Reporting Point to confirm
the above information and to supply the following additional The Time Zone description is BRAVO (-2). Daylight Sav-
information: ings Time is not observed.
1. Position.
2. Speed.
3. Course being steered. U.S. Embassy
4. Approach Reporting Point to be used.
5. Sea state. The U.S. Embassy is located in the Sidi Slim Area on Walie
6. Ship’s condition (trim, list, draft). Al-Ahed Road, Tripoli. The embassy was evacuated in July,
All vessels bound for Libyan ports must pass through one of 2014. The U.S. Ambassador and a core staff are working at the
the designated Approach Reporting Points. On arrival at an U.S. Embassy in Malta.
Approach Reporting Point, vessels must report their position,
course, and speed to the appropriate port authority. U. S. Embassy Libya Home Page
http://libya.usembassy.gov
Approach
Destination
Reporting Points
Mina Tubruq (Mersa Tobruch) 32°10'N, 24°02'E. U. S. Embassy Malta Home Page
Darnah (Derna) 32°58'N, 22°42'E. http://mt.usembassy.gov
Pub. 140
401
LITHUANIA
Buoyage System 401
Cautions 401 Cautions
Currency 401
Firing Areas 401 Environmentally Sensitive Sea Areas (ESSA), best seen on
Fishing Areas 402 the chart, are located NW and SW of Klaipeda.
Government 402
Ice 402 The official unit of currency is the litas, consisting of 100
Industries 402 cents.
Languages 402
Navigational Information 402 Firing Areas
Pilotage 402
Pollution 403 Area EYD-17—An area frequently used for firing exercises
Regulations 403 and declared temporarily dangerous to shipping, bounded by
Search and Rescue 403 lines joining the following positions:
Time Zone 403 a. 55°36'35.4''N, 20°45'31.8''E.
U.S. Embassy 403 b. 55°35'18.0''N, 21°06'00.0''E.
Vessel Traffic Service 403 c. 55°31'00.0''N, 21°05'18.0''E.
d. 55°24'35.4''N, 20°59'31.8''E.
General e. 55°21'35.4''N, 20°45'31.8''E.
f. 55°24'35.4''N, 20°41'31.8''E.
Lithuania is located in Eastern Europe, bordering the Baltic g. 55°34'35.4''N, 20°41'31.8''E.
Sea between Latvia and Russia. Area EYD-18—An area frequently used for firing exercises
The climate is maritime, with wet, moderate winters and and declared temporarily dangerous to shipping, bounded by
summers. lines joining the following positions:
The terrain is composed of fertile lowlands, with many scat- a. 55°37'N, 20°46'E.
tered small lakes. b. 55°34'N, 21°00'E.
c. 55°25'N, 21°00'E.
Buoyage System d. 55°22'N, 20°46'E.
e. 55°25'N, 20°42'E.
The IALA Buoyage System (Region A) is in effect. See f. 55°34'N, 20°42'E.
Pub. 140
402 Lithuania
Fishing Areas Industries

Coastal fishing grounds have been created in Lithuanian ter- The main industries are metal-cutting machine tools, electric
ritorial waters from the shoreline out to the 20m depth contour. motors, television sets, refrigerators and freezers, petroleum re-
Vessels passing through this area should be aware of the exis- fining, shipbuilding, furniture making, textiles, food process-
tence of fishing equipment that may affect safe navigation. ing, fertilizers, agricultural machinery, optical equipment,
lasers, electronic components, computers, amber jewelry, in-
Government formation technology, video game development, and biotech-
nology.
The main exports are refined fuels, machinery and equip-
ment, chemicals, textiles, foodstuffs, and plastics. The main
export-trading partners are Russia, Latvia, Poland, Germany,
and Estonia.
The main imports are oil, natural gas, machinery and equip-
ment, transport equipment, chemicals, textiles and clothing,
and metals. The main import-trading partners are Russia, Ger-
many, Poland, Latvia, and the Netherlands.
Languages
Lithuanian is the official language. Polish and Russian are
Flag of Lithuania also spoken.
Lithuania is a parliamentary democracy. The country is di- Navigational Information

vided into 60 municipalities.
Lithuania is governed by a directly-elected President serving Enroute Volume
a 5-year term. The Prime Minister is appointed by the Presi- Pub. 194, Sailing Directions (Enroute) Baltic Sea (Southern
dent. The unicameral 141-member Parliament has 71 directly- Part).
elected members and 70 members elected through a system of
proportional representation, all serving 4-year terms. Maritime Claims
The legal system is based on civil law. The maritime territorial claims of Lithuania are, as follows:
The capital is Vilnius.
Territorial Sea * 12 miles. **
Holidays Contiguous Zone 24 miles. **
Fisheries or Economic 200 miles. ***
Zone
* Requires advance permission or notification for inno-
cent passage of warships in the territorial sea.
** To geographic coordinates.
February 16 Lithuanian Statehood Day
*** To median lines or boundaries.
March 11 Independence Statehood
Day
Easter Sunday Variable The 1998 maritime boundary treaty with Latvia has not been
Easter Monday Variable ratified by the Latvian Parliament, primarily due to concerns
over oil exploration rights.
May 1 Labor Day
July 6 Crowning of Mindaugas Internet Maritime Safety Information
Navigational warnings are available, in English, from the
Lithuanian Maritime Safety Administration (http://
November 1 All Saints’ Day www.msa.lt/en/hydrography) then choose “Navigational Warn-
December 25 Christmas Day ings and Notice to Mariners”.
December 26 Boxing Day Pilotage

Ice Pilotage is compulsory for entering and leaving all Lithua-
nian ports and for mooring and casting off. Generally, pilots
For information on obtaining general ice information for the should be ordered through the local agent 12 hours in advance
Baltic Sea, see Baltic Sea—Ice. and confirmed 4 hours prior to arrival.
Pub. 140
Lithuania 403
Pollution see Baltic Sea—Regulations.
MARPOL Special Area Particularly Sensitive Sea Areas (PSSA)

The Baltic Sea, including the Gulf of Bothnia and the Gulf of The Baltic Sea area of Sweden, Denmark, Finland, Estonia,
Finland, has been designated as a MARPOL Special Area. Lithuania, Latvia, Poland, and Germany (except for waters un-
MARPOL Special Areas are sea areas where special mandato- der Russian jurisdiction) has been declared by the IMO to be a
ry methods for the prevention of oil pollution in the sea have PSSA.
been adopted. A PSSA is an area that requires special protection because of
Further information can be found in North Atlantic its vulnerability to damage caused by marine activities. Vessels
Ocean—Pollution—MARPOL Special Areas. operating in or near such an area should exercise the utmost
This Special Area is under intensive surveillance for pollu- care to avoid damage to the maritime environment and the ma-
tion and violations of traffic rules. Further information on pol- rine organisms in it. No waste should be discharged overboard.
lution reporting can be found in Baltic Sea—Pollution—
Search and Rescue
Regulations
The Maritime Rescue Coordination Center (MRCC) Klaipi-
Vessels should send their ETA to the local agent 12 days, 96 da is responsible for coordinating search and rescue operations
hours, and 12 hours in advance. Oil, gas, and chemical tankers and maintains a continuous listening watch for distress traffic
should send their ETA 14 days, 72 hours, and 12 hours in ad- on 2182 kHz, 2187.5 kHz, VHF channel 16, and VHF channel
vance. 70.
MRCC Klaipeda can be contacted, as follows:
European Union Expanded Inspection (EI) Notification 1. Telephone: 370-46-391257 (Maritime Assis-
Under European Union (EU) Directive 2009/16/EC, the Eu- tance Service)
ropean Union has introduced a mandatory reporting system for 370-46-391258 (Maritime Assis-
vessels arriving at or departing from a port or anchorage in the tance Service)
EU region. 370-616-499677 (mobile)
The reports should be sent, as follows: 2. Facsimile: 370-46-391309
370-46-391259 (Maritime Assitance
Klaipeda Seaport Service)
Telephone 370-46-499646 Rescue craft are stationed at Klaipeda (55°43'N., 21°08'E.)
E-mail [email protected] and Liepaja (56°31'N., 21°01'E.).
Butinge Oil Terminal
Telephone 370-46-396486 Time Zone
E-mail [email protected] The Time Zone description is BRAVO (-2). Daylight Sav-
ings Time (CHARLIE (-3)) is maintained from the last Sunday
For further information, see North Atlantic Ocean—Regu- in March until the last Sunday in October.
cation. U.S. Embassy
European Union Dangerous and Polluting Cargo Notifica- The U.S. Embassy is situated at Akmenu gatve 6, Vilnius.
tion The mailing addresses is Akmenu gatve 6, Vilnius, LT-
Under European Union (EU) Directive 2002/59/EC, as 03106.
gross tons and any vessel carrying dangerous or polluting cargo
U. S. Embassy Lithuania Home Page
http://vilnius.usembassy.gov
port authority at least 24 hours in advance.
ropean Union Dangerous and Polluting Cargo Notifica- Vessel Traffic Service
tions.
A Vessel Traffic Service is in operation in Klaipede
Recommendation on Baltic Sea Navigation (55°44'N., 21°05'E.).
The IMO has issued recommendations regarding vessel tran- For further information, see Pub. 195, Sailing Directions
sits of the entrances to the Baltic Sea. For further information, (Enroute) Gulf of Finland and Gulf of Bothnia.
Pub. 140
405
MALTA
General 405 manent lakes or streams on Malta because of the porous nature
Buoyage System 405 of the limestone topography.
Cautions 405
Currency 405 Buoyage System
Firing Areas 405 The IALA Buoyage System (Region A) is in effect. See
Fishing Areas 406 Chart No. 1 for further IALA Buoyage System information.
Government 406
Industries 407
Languages 407 Oil exploration is taking place over most of the width of
Meteorology 407 Malta Channel between Malta and the S coast of Sicily.
Pollution 407 Currency
Regulations 407
Search and Rescue 408 The official unit of currency is the Maltese lira, consisting of
Signals 408 100 cents.
Submarine Operating Areas 408
Time Zone 408 Firing Areas
U.S. Embassy 408
Vessel Traffic Service 409 Forts of the Maltese Islands may conduct firing exercises to-
wards the sea on towed objects. These regulations govern artil-
General lery practice from any fort in the Maltese Islands.
A blue pennant over a red flag will be shown at the station
The Maltese Islands lie in the central Mediterranean Sea and, from which practice is to take place on the afternoon prior to
lying 60 miles S of Sicily, are considered part of southern Eu- the practice and at 0700 on the day of the practice. The same
rope. The group consists of three islands and seven islets. signal will be shown on the vessel towing the targets.
Malta, the main island, is the largest. Gozo and Comino are A red flag will be hoisted at the firing location 15 minutes
two of the next larger islands. Filfla and Kemmunett are unin- before the commencement and will be kept flying during firing
habited rocks. practice. Bombardments by vessels or planes may take place
The climate is Mediterranean with mild rainy winters and on Filfla Islet. While such practice is taking place, a red flag is
hot dry summers. displayed by day and a red light is shown at night on Torri tal
The terrain is mostly low, rocky, and flat. There are no per- Wied Zurrieq.
Pub. 140
406 Malta
Exercise Zones ma (35°55'N., 14°30'E.)
Five Naval Air Exercise Zones, which may be dangerous, ex- 2. Within 2.5 miles of the SW coast near Ras-il-Hamrija
ist in the vicinity of the Maltese Islands. They are defined, as (35°49.5'N., 14°26.3'E.)
follows: 3. Within 2 miles of the S and W coasts of Ghawdex.
1. Zone D1.—An area bounded by lines joining the fol- Anchored lines are laid from December to April extending
lowing positions: SW from Malta within 4 miles of a line joining the following
a. 35°05'N, 14°06'E. positions:
b. 35°05'N, 15°21'E. a. 35°42.0'N, 14°20.0'E.
c. 34°20'N, 16°24'E. b. 35°34.5'N, 14°13.5'E.
d. 34°20'N, 13°49'E.
2. Zone D2.—An area bounded by lines joining the fol- Tunny Net Areas
lowing positions: Tunny nets are usually laid from September to April in
a.36°31'N, 17°00'E. Il-Bajja tal-Mellieha (35°58.7'N., 14°22.4'E.)
b.35°30'N, 17°35'E. and N from
c.35°41'N, 15°25'E. Ras Il-Qammieh (35°58'N., 14°19'E.).
d.36°12'N, 15°25'E. The seaward extremities of the nets are marked, as follows:
e.36°31'N, 15°50'E. 1. By day.—A small conical buoy surmounted by a staff
3. Zone D3.—An area bounded by lines joining the fol- and ball.
lowing positions: 2. By night.—A boat exhibiting two white fixed lights
a. 36°01'N, 14°12'E. shown vertically.
b. 35°58'N, 14°20'E.
c. 35°55'N, 14°20'E. Government
d. 35°51'N, 14°14'E.
e. 35°56'N, 14°10'E.
4. Zone D4.—A circular area with an 8.5 mile radius
centered on position 35°40'N, 14°59'E. A lighted buoy, fitted
with a radar reflector, lies at the center of the circle.
5. Zone D6.—An area between the parallels 36°11'N and
36°31'N and the meridians 16°00'E and 17°00'E.
Small Arms Training Area

Small arms training is conducted at the Pembroke Rifle
Range, about 3 miles NW of the entrance to Valletta Harbor,
between
Il-Torri Tal-Madliena (36°56.2'N., 14°28.4'E.)
and Ras I-Irqieqa, about 0.4 mile E. Exercises take place be- Flag of Malta
tween 0700 and 1700; advance notice is given before any exer-
cises occur. Malta is a republic. The country is divided into 68 localities.
When exercises are in progress, red flags are flown from Malta is governed by a President elected by the House of
shore limits of the area. When the flags are displayed, vessels Representatives to serve a 5-year term. The Prime Minister is
must avoid the area extending seaward which is bounded by appointed by the President. The unicameral House of Repre-
lines joining the following positions: sentatives is composed of 65 members who are directly elected
a. 35°56'10.8''N, 14°28'21.6''E. under a system of proportional representation to serve 5-year
b. 35°58'07.8''N, 14°27'30.6''E. terms, although additional seats may be given to the party with
c. 35°58'13.8''N, 14°29'07.6''E. the largest popular vote to ensure a legislative majority.
d. 35°57'37.8''N, 14°30'33.6''E. The legal system is based on English common law and Ro-
e. 35°56'09.6''N, 14°28'51.6''E. man civil law.
Vessels are also cautioned that the exercise area may extend The capital is Valletta.
in an area up to 8.5 miles seaward from the coast from position
35°55'54.0''N, 14°28'31.8''E in a counterclockwise direction Holidays
between the bearings of 060° to 335° from that position.
Fishing Areas
General January 1 New Year’s Day
Trawling and seining occur from December to August on or
around Hurd Bank or near Filfla (35°47.3'N., 14°24.5'E.). February 10 St. Paul’s Shipwreck
Fishing for lampuki (dolphin fish) occurs from mid-August Carnival Varies
to November from 6 to 60 miles off the coast.
March 19 St. Joseph Day
Fish pots are laid, as follows:
1. Within 4 miles of the NE coast of Malta near Tas-Slie- March 31 Freedom Day
Pub. 140
Malta 407
Good Friday Variable Maritime Claims

The maritime territorial claims of Malta are, as follows:
May 1 Worker’s Day Territorial Sea * 12 miles.
June 7 Commemoration of the Contiguous Zone 24 miles.
Uprising of 7 June 1919 Fisheries or Economic 25 miles.
June 29 St. Peter and St. Paul Feast Zone
Day Continental Shelf Depth of 200m or the Limit
August 15 Assumption of the Blessed of Exploitation.
Virgin Mary * Claims straight baselines. Requires advance permission
September 8 Our Lady of Victories Feast or notification for innocent passage of warships in the
Day territorial sea.
December 8 Immaculate Conception
Pollution
December 13 Republic Day MARPOL Special Area
Industries in the sea have been adopted.
The main industries are tourism, electronics, shipbuilding Ocean—Pollution—MARPOL Special Areas.
and repair, construction, food and beverages, pharmaceuticals,
footwear, clothing, tobacco, aviation services, financial ser-
vices, and information technology services. Regulations
The main exports are machinery and mechanical appliances;
mineral fuels, oils, and petroleum products; pharmaceuticals;
printed material; aircraft/spacecraft and parts; and toys, games, General
and sporting goods. The main export-trading partners are Ger- No commercial vessels or vessels with an loa of over 50m
many, France, Hong Kong, Singapore, the United Kingdom, may transit through the following areas:
the United States, and Italy. 1. Through the channels between Malta and Ghawdex
The main imports are mineral fuels, oil, electrical machinery, (Gozo).
aircraft and other transport equipment, plastic and other semi- 2. Between the SW coast of Malta and the island of Filfa
manufactured goods, and vehicles. The main import-trading (35°47'N., 14°25'E.).
partners are Italy, the Netherlands, the United Kingdom, Ger- In cases of emergency, permission to enter can be obtained
many, and Canada. through Valletta Port Control on VHF channel 16 or 12.
All vessels bound for Malta must make an initial VHF con-
Languages tact with Valletta Port Control as soon as possible.
Maltese and English are the official languages. Speed Limit

Vessels are limited to a maximum speed of 10 knots when
Meteorology sailing within 1 mile of the coast.
Marine weather forecasts in English for an area 20 to 30 Quarantine

miles from Nadur are available from Gozo Weather: Quarantine messages should be sent to the Malta Port Health
(http://www.gozoweather.com/marine.shtml). Unit at Valletta Port Control and must be received 18 hours pri-
or to the vessel’s expected arrival.
Navigational Information Valletta Port Control can be contacted, as follows:
1. Telephone: 356-22-914491
Enroute Volume 356-22-914492
Pub. 131, Sailing Directions (Enroute) Western Mediterra- 2. Facsimile: 356-22-914419
nean. 3. E-mail: [email protected]
Pub. 140
408 Malta
European Union Expanded Inspection (EI) Notification a. By day.—A black cone, point downwards.
Under European Union (EU) Directive 2009/16/EC, the Eu- b. By night.—Three green lights, in the form of a tri-
ropean Union has introduced a mandatory reporting system for angle, point downwards.
vessels arriving at or departing from a port or anchorage in the 3. The following signals are shown when a wind of force
EU region. 5 or greater, from between 010° and 120°, is expected in any
The reports should be sent, as follows: part of Valletta Harbor, and is also shown as a scend warning
after a gale warning has been cancelled until such time as the
Mail Register General of Shipping and sea has fallen below 1.5m:
Seamen a. By day.—One black ball.
b. By night.—One red light.
Malta Transport Center 4. A Gregale is the name given to strong NE winds occur-
Marsa ring in the central Mediterranean Sea, especially in the Ioni-
an Sea and on the coasts of Sicily and Malta. Gregale signals
MRS 1917 are, as follows:
Malta a. Moderate Gregale, indicating a wind between N and
E of force 5 to 7, on the Beaufort scale:
Telephone 356-21-250360
• By day.—Two black cones, points upwards, ver-
Facsimile 356-21-241460 tically disposed.
E-mail [email protected] • By night.—Two green lights, vertically disposed.
b. Strong Gregale, indicating a wind between N and E
Web site http://www.transport.gov.mt of force 8 or greater, on the Beaufort scale:
• By day.—Three black cones, points upwards,
For further information, see North Atlantic Ocean—Regu- vertically disposed.
lations—European Union Expanded Inspection (EI) Notifi- • By night.—Three green lights, vertically dis-
cation. posed.
Vessels are not permitted, during the night, to make use of
European Union Dangerous and Polluting Cargo Notifica- private signals off any bay or creek of the island. The only au-
tion thorized signals are:
Under European Union (EU) Directive 2002/59/EC, as 1. A vessels requiring a pilot may show a blue light.
amended by EU Directive 2009/17/EC, any vessel over 300 2. A vessel in distress may show the internationally-pre-
gross tons and any vessel carrying dangerous or polluting cargo scribed distress signals.
bound to or leaving from EU ports should report to the relevant See Pub. 131, Sailing Directions (Enroute) Western Mediter-
port authority at least 24 hours in advance. ranean, for traffic signals shown from these stations.
ropean Union Dangerous and Polluting Cargo Notifica- Submarine Operating Areas
tions.
Submarines frequently operate within 20 miles of Malta and
Search and Rescue Gozo.
The Operations Center of the Armed Forces of Malta also

serves as the Malta Rescue Coordination Center. It is responsi- Time Zone
ble for coordinating search and rescue operations within the
Malta Search and Rescue Region and can be contacted, as fol- The Time Zone description is ALFA (-1). Daylight Savings
lows: Time (BRAVO (-2)) is maintained from the last Sunday in
1. Telephone: 356-21-257267 March until the last Sunday in October.
356-22-494202
356-22-494203 U.S. Embassy
2. Facsimile: 356-21-809860
3. E-mail: [email protected] The U.S. Embassy is situated at Ta’ Qali National Park, At-
tard, Malta.
Signals The mailing addresses are, as follows:
1. Malta address—
The following signals are shown from the Palace Tower and Ta’ Qali National Park
from Fort St. Angelo at Grand Harbor: Attard ATD 4000
1. Gales or strong winds are expected from between W 2. U.S. address—
and E, through N and is shown: 5800 Valletta Place
a. By day.—A black cone, point upwards. Dulles, VA (20189)
b. By night.—Three green lights, in the form of a tri-
angle, point upwards. U. S. Embassy Malta Home Page
2. Gales or strong winds are expected from between E http://mt.usembassy.gov
and W, through S and is shown:
Pub. 140
Malta 409
Vessel Traffic Service Malta, as well as the ports of Marsaxlokk and Valletta. For fur-
ther information, see Pub. 131, Sailing Direction (Enroute)
Malta Vessel Traffic Service operates in the approaches to Western Mediterranean.
Pub. 140
411
MARTINIQUE
General 411 December through May are generally the coolest, driest, and
Buoyage System 411 most comfortable months.
Cautions 411 The predominant current around Martinique fluctuates be-
Currency 411 tween WNW in winter and NNW in summer. It is most pro-
Government 412 nounced from March to September and moderate for the rest of
Holidays 412 the year. The average rate is 1 knot.
Industries 412 The terrain is mountainous, with an indented coast line. The
Languages 412 island is dominated by Mount Pelee, almost 1,400m high, a
Meteorology 412 dormant volcano visible up to 45 miles.
Pilotage 412 Buoyage System
Regulations 412
Search and Rescue 412 The IALA Buoyage System (Region B) is in effect. See
Ship Reporting System 413 Chart No. 1 for further IALA Buoyage System information.
Time Zone 413
U.S. Embassy 413
Appendix—SURNAV 415 Cautions
General Seaplane operating areas are located off the W and S coasts
of Martinique.
Martinique is an island in the Caribbean Sea. It lies near the
N end of the Windward Islands between Dominica and Saint Currency
Lucia.
The climate is tropical and humid. The rainy season occurs The official unit of currency is the Euro, consisting of 100
from June through October. The island is subject to hurricanes. cents.
Pub. 140
412 Martinique
Government rum, and pineapples. The main export trading partners are
France and Guadeloupe.
The main imports are petroleum products, crude oil, food-
stuffs, construction materials, vehicles, clothing, and other con-
sumer goods. The main import-trading partners are France and
Venezuela.
Languages
French is the official language. A Creole patois is also wide-
ly spoken.
Meteorology
Flag of Martinique Weather information is available in French from Meteo
France Antilles-Guyana (http://www.meteo.gp).
Martinique is an overseas department of France. The island
elects two senators to the French Senate and four deputies to
the French National Assembly.
Martinique is administered by the directly-elected General Enroute Volume
Council, consisting of 45 members serving 6-year terms, and Pub. 147, Sailing Directions (Enroute) Caribbean Sea Vol-
the directly-elected Regional Council, consisting of 42 mem- ume 1.
bers serving 6-year terms.
The legal system is based on French law. Maritime Claims
The capital is Fort-de-France. The maritime territorial claims of Martinique are, as follows:
Good Friday Variable Continental Shelf Depth of 200m or the Limit
Easter Sunday Variable of Exploitation.
Easter Monday Variable * Claims straight baselines.
May 1 Labor Day
May 8 World War II Victory
Pilotage
Day Pilotage is compulsory for the following vessels:
May 22 Slavery Abolishment 1. All vessels with an loa greater than 50m calling at a
Day port or anchorage.
2. All vessels carrying hydrocarbons or dangerous cargo,
regardless of loa.
Whitsunday Variable Vessels with an loa less than 100m are exempt from pilotage
Whitmonday Variable when proceeding to an anchorage in the Baie of Fort-de-France
W of a line joining Port St. Louis and Point de Bout.
July 14 Bastille Day
August 15 Assumption Day Regulations
November 1 All Saints’ Day Vessels in transit or stationary within the territorial waters,
November 11 Armistice Day except when alongside in port, should maintain a continuous
December 25 Christmas Day ficial vessels and French coast radio stations.
Vessels over 1,600 gt must remain at least 10 miles off the
Industries coast of Martinique except when in waiting areas or when us-
ing approach or access channels.
The main industries are sugarcane and banana production,
tourism, and light industry (cement, rum, construction, and oil Search and Rescue
refining).
The main exports are refined petroleum products, bananas, The Maritime Rescue Coordination Center (MRCC) Fort de
Pub. 140
Martinique 413
France is located on Martinique and is the Centre Regional de lution in the territorial waters of Guadeloupe and Martinique as
Surveillance et de Sauvetage aux Antilles-Guyana (CROS- well as in the waters within 50 miles of the coast of Guade-
SAG). CROSSAG is responsible for coordinating search and loupe and Martinique.
rescue operations in its area of responsibility. MRCC Fort de For further information, see the Appendix.
France can be contacted, as follows:
MRCC Fort de France can be contacted, as follows:
1. Telephone: 596-596-709292 Time Zone
596-596-731616
2. Facsimile: 596-596-632450 The Time Zone description is QUEBEC (+4). Daylight Sav-
3. E-mail: [email protected] ings Time is not observed.
CROSSAG maintains a continuous listening watch for dis-
tress traffic on 2182 kHz and VHF channel 16.
U.S. Embassy
Martinique is an overseas department of France. There is no
The SURNAV system is intended to prevent accidental pol- diplomatic representation.
Pub. 140
Martinique 415
Appendix—SURNAV
Covered Vessels.—The regulations are mandatory for the 2. Current ability to maneuver and navigate.
following vessels:
1. Vessels carrying hydrocarbons or the gaseous residues SURNAV-FRANCE Message
of hydrocarbons as specified in Annex 1 of MARPOL 73.
2. Non-inert tankers and vessels carrying the following: Designator Information required
a. Noxious liquid substances as specified in Annex 2 ALFA Vessel’s name, call sign, and flag.
of MARPOL 73 and classed in Category A and Category
B in Chapter 17 of the IBC Code. Date and time UT (GMT), suffixed ZU-
BRAVO
b. Liquefied gas in bulk. LU (6 figures DD/HH/MM).
c. Plutonium-239, uranium-233, uranium-235, urani- CHARLIE Position (latitude/longitude).
um-238, thorium, or all materials containing them, with
the exception of ores. ECHO Course.
d. Acetaldehyde (UN 1089), ether ethyl (UN 1155), FOXTROT Speed.
ethyl vinylic ether (UN 1302), monoethylamine (UN
GOLF Origin.
1036), ammonium nitrate (UN 0222), or propylene oxide
(UN 1280). 1. Date, time UT (GMT), and posi-
e. Composite organochlorides, such as organochloride tion of entering territorial waters. *
pesticides (UN 2761, UN 2762, UN 2995, and UN 2996). HOTEL 2. Date, time UT(GMT), and place
3. Vessels carrying the following: of departure. *
a. Noxious liquid substances as specified in Annex 2 *Whichever is appropriate.
of MARPOL 73 and not listed above. INDIA Destination.
b. Harmful liquid substances as specified in Annex 3
of MARPOL 73. 1. Date, time UT (GMT), and posi-
c. Dangerous cargo as specified in the International tion of leaving territorial waters. *
Maritime Code of Dangerous Goods (IMDG), including 2. Date and time UT (GMT), of ar-
radioactive materials specified in the INF Code. KILO rival at destination (port, anchorage,
d. Dangerous cargo as specified in Chapter 17 of the waiting position, deballasting position)
IBC Code and Chapter 19 of the IGC Code. within territorial waters. *
Contact Information.—CROSS Antilles-Guyane can be *Whichever is appropriate.
contacted, as follows: MIKE Radio watch maintained.
1. Call sign: CROSSAG
2. VHF: VHF channel 16 OSCAR Draft.
3. Radiotelephone: 2182 kHz Cargo—type (as defined by MARPOL
4. Telephone: 596-596-709292 PAPA **
73) and quantity.
5. Facsimile: 596-596-632450
6. Telex: 584-422799024 (INMARSAT-C) Any defects, damage, faults, or restric-
QUEBEC
7. E-mail: fortdefrance.mrcc@developpement- tions.
durable.gouv.fr UNIFORM Type of vessel.
SURNAV-FRANCE Messages.—All vessels listed in para-
graph 1 and paragraph 2 of Covered Vessels preparing to pass XRAY Other remarks.
through or stay in the territorial waters of Guadeloupe or Mart- ZULU End of message.
inique must send a SURNAV-FRANCE message to CROSS
Antilles-Guyane 6 hours prior to entering the territorial waters ** Vessels should refer to IMO Resolution A.851(20) in
order to correctly give the information requested.
of Guadeloupe or Martinique or 6 hours prior to departing from
a port or anchorage in Guadeloupe or Martinique.
The message covers the entire planned voyage in the territo- Vessels arriving from outside the European Union.—All
rial waters until departure or until arrival at the destination, vessels listed in paragraph 1, paragraph 2, and paragraph 3 of
even if the vessel’s route takes it out of these waters and back Covered Vessels arriving from a port outside the European
in again. If there is a change in the vessel’s planned route, or Union and intending to anchor in territorial waters of Guade-
the vessel is unable to maneuver or navigate, the vessel must loupe or Martinique must send a message when departing from
send a correcting message as soon as possible. the loading port, or as soon as possible if changing destina-
SURNAV-FRANCE messages should be send to CROSS tions, using any method available to the vessel to CROSS An-
Antilles-Guyane and prefixed SURNAV-FRANCE using any tilles-Guyane stating either the following information or
method available to the vessel. Messages should be sent in the indicating the authority holding this information in the Europe-
format given in the table titled SURNAV-FRANCE Message an Union:
and should also include the following additional information: 1. Vessel name and call sign.
1. Intended movements within territorial waters. 2. Flag.
Pub. 140
416 Martinique
3. Draft and loa. SURNAV-FRANCE Incident/Accident Report
4. Destination port.
5. ETA at destination port, pilot station, or designated Designator Information required
anchorage, as requested by the local authority FOXTROT Speed.
6. ETD.
7. Planned itinerary. GOLF Origin.
8. Precise technical names of dangerous or polluting car- INDIA Destination and ETA.
go; UN numbers, if necessary; risk classes, as defined by the
IMO in accordance with the IMDG Code and the IBC/IGC MIKE Radio watch maintained.
compendium; and the INF category of the vessel, if neces- OSCAR Draft.
sary.
Cargo and details of dangerous or pol-
9. Confirmation that a list, manifesto, or loading dia- PAPA *
lutant cargo on board.
gram is held on board that details the dangerous or polluting
cargo on board the vessel and the location of it. Nature of incident or situation, with
QUEBEC *
10. Number of crew. damage or problem suffered.
Incident/Accident Report.—Vessels of 300 gross tons and Description of the pollution caused or
over on a commercial voyage and navigating with the limits of observed and of all containers, parcels,
the Economic Zone, or when outside the limits of the zone but ROMEO * or cargo lost overboard or observed
less than 50 miles from the coast must immediately report the drifting and presenting a danger to
following: navigation and/or the environment.
1. Every incident or accident affecting the safety of the
vessel (collision, stranding, damage, breakdown or failure, Owner’s details, charter company, and
TANGO
invasion or movement of cargo, or all defects within the hull possible consignees in France.
or damage to the structure). Vessel type, characteristic, and ton-
2. Every incident or accident affecting the safety of navi- UNIFORM
nage.
gation (damage likely to affect the vessel’s maneuverability
or navigation, or every defect affecting the propulsion sys- WHISKEY Number of people on board.
tems, steering gear, the production of power, or the naviga- Date and time (UT/GMT) of possible
tion or communication equipment. call for assistance or towing, possible
3. Every situation likely to lead to pollution (discharge or presence and name of assisting vessel,
risk of discharge of pollutants into the sea). XRAY *
time (UT/GMT) of contacting a possi-
4. Every slick of pollution and every drifting container ble assisting vessel, or other informa-
seen in the sea. tion.
Messages should be sent to CROSS Antilles-Guyane using
any method available to the vessel, in the format given in the Request transmission of report to an-
table titled SURNAV-FRANCE Incident/Accident Report. YANKEE other system (AMVER, AUSREP,
JASREP, MAREP, etc.).
SURNAV-FRANCE Incident/Accident Report ZULU End of message.
Designator Information required * Vessels should refer to IMO Resolution A.851(20) in
order to correctly give the information requested.
ALFA Vessel’s name, call sign, and flag.
Date and time UT (GMT), suffixed
BRAVO Listening watch—Throughout the duration of a transit or
ZULU (6 figures DD/HH/MM).
stay in territorial waters, vessels listed in paragraph 1, para-
CHARLIE Position (latitude/longitude). graph 2, and paragraph 3 of Covered Vessels must maintain a
ECHO Course. continuous listening watch on 2182 kHz, VHF channel 16, and
any other frequency they are advised to listen on.
Pub. 140
417
MAURITANIA

Buoyage System 417
Fishing Areas 417 Aids to navigation in Mauritania are reported to be unreli-
Government 418 able. They may be missing, unlit, or out of position. Vessels
Holidays 418 should navigate with caution.
Industries 418
Languages 418
Search and Rescue 418 A local magnetic anomaly exists in the vicinity of Cap Blanc
Ship Reporting System 418 (20°46'N., 17°03'W.).
Time Zone 418
U.S. Embassy 418 Locust Reports
See North Atlantic Ocean—Cautions for further informa-
General tion.
Mauritania is located in Northwest Africa and is bordered on

the N and NW by Western Sahara, on the NE by Algeria, on Currency
the E by Mali, on the S by Mali and Senegal, and on the W by
the Atlantic Ocean. The official unit of currency is the ouguiya, consisting of five
The coastline is generally smooth and unindented. Most of khoums.
the country is desert and is relatively flat, with ridges between
regions of lower and higher altitudes.
Except for certain spots in the S, Mauritania’s climate is hot Fishing Areas
and dry; the temperature averages more than 38°C for half the
year. The climate along the coast has one rainy season and an Fishing vessels may be encountered off the entire coast of
annual rainfall of less about 675mm each year. Trade winds Mauritania, especially 20 miles off the coast between 22°30'N
moderate the temperature for about 8 months of the year. and 20°45'N.
Pub. 140
418 Mauritania
Government Navigational Information

Mauritania is a republic. The country is divided into 15 re- Enroute Volume
gions. Pub. 143, Sailing Directions (Enroute) West Coast of Europe
Mauritania is governed by a directly-elected President who and Northwest Africa.
serves a 5-year term. The bicameral legislature consists of an
indirectly-elected 56-member Senate, who serve 6-year terms, Maritime Claims
and a directly-elected 146-member National Assembly, who The maritime territorial claims of Mauritania are, as follows:
serve 5-year terms.
The legal system is based on French civil law and Islamic Territorial Sea * 12 miles.
law.
The capital is Nouakchott. Contiguous Zone 24 miles.
Zone
tal Margin.
* Claims an 89-mile straight baseline between Cap Blanc
and Cap Timiris.
Offshore Drilling
Offshore oil and gas exploration is carried out in the coastal
Flag of Mauritinia and deep-water areas off the coast of Mauritania. Safety zones
have been established around Chinguetti Oil Field, lying be-
tween 40 and 48 miles SW of the port of Amitie (17°59'N.,
Holidays 16°02'W.), and Banda Oil Field (17°46'N., 16°35'W.).
Search and Rescue
Rescue Coordination Center (RCC) Nouakchott maintains a
March 8 Women’s Day continuous listening watch on 2182 kHz, VHF channel 16, and
May 1 Labor Day VHF DSC.
RCC Nouakchott can be contacted, as follows:
May 25 African Unity Day
1. Telephone: 222-524-1521
July 10 Armed Forces Day 222-525-3968
2. Facsimile: 222-524-2593
November 28 Independence Day
222-525-0163
moon, include Eid Al-Fitr (End of Ramadan), Eid Al-Adha Ship Reporting System
Prophet's Birthday. Gulf of Guinea Voluntary Reporting System.—For further
information, see North Atlantic Ocean—Ship Reporting
Industries System.
The main industries are oil production, fish processing, and Time Zone
mining (iron ore, gold, and copper).
The main exports are iron ore, fish and fish products, gold, The Time Zone description is ZULU. Daylight Savings Time
copper, and petroleum. The main export-trading partners are is not observed.
China, Italy, and Spain.
The main imports are machinery and equipment, petroleum U.S. Embassy
products, capital goods, foodstuffs, and consumer goods. The
main import-trading partners are China, Algeria, France, and The U.S. Embassy is situated at 288, Rue 42-100 (Rue Abd-
Morocco. alleye), Nouakchott.
The mailing address is B. P. 222, Nouakchott.
Languages
U. S. Embassy Mauritania Home Page
Hasaniya Arabic is the official languages. Pular, Wolof, Son-
http://mr.usembassy.gov
inke, and French are also spoken.
Pub. 140
419
MEDITERRANEAN SEA
General 419 Shipping Concentrations

Cautions 419 Major shipping routes connecting the western Mediterranean
Climatology 420 and major French ports in the Golfe du Lyon and the Italian
Currents 424 port of Genova (44°24'N., 8°54'E.) with the eastern Mediterra-
Fishing Areas 427 nean intersect about 30 miles SSE of Toulon (44°24'N.,
Navigational Information 427 8°54'E.).
Pollution 427 Another concentration of shipping routes lies S of Sardinia,
Regulations 428 where the main W-E routes are joined by routes leading be-
Routes 428 tween the major ports along the European coast and the E part
Ship Reporting System 428 of the Mediterranean Sea.
Signals 429 Shipping is also concentrated in the approaches to the Strait
Tides 429 of Bonifacio between Corsica and Sardinia.
Appendix—Routes Across the Mediterranean Sea 431
Locust Reports
General Many countries in Africa and Southwest Asia are, from time
to time, invaded by swarms of Desert Locust. These locusts are
The Mediterranean Sea is almost completely enclosed by capable of traveling for hundreds of miles and have repeatedly
land. It is bounded on the N by Europe, and the E by Asia, and been seen in flight at sea off the NW coast of Africa and within
on the S by Africa. the Mediterranean Sea. The adult Desert Locust is about 60mm
The Mediterranean Sea is connected to the Atlantic Ocean long, with a wingspan of about 120mm. They vary in color
on the W by the Strait of Gibraltar and to the Black Sea on the from red to yellow according to their state of maturity. For fur-
E by Istanbul Bogazi (The Bosporus), Marmara Denizi (The ther information, see North Atlantic Ocean—Cautions—Lo-
Sea of Marmara), and Canakkale Bogazi (The Dardanelles). cust Reports.
The Suez Canal in the SE connects the Mediterranean Sea to
the Red Sea. Magnetic Anomalies
The Mediterranean Sea has an average depth of 1,500m; the Local magnetic anomalies are located in the E and W ap-
deepest point is the Calypso Deep, with a depth of 5,267m, in proaches to the Strait of Gibraltar.
the Ionian Sea. A shallow submarine ridge in the Strait of Sici-
ly, between the island of Sicily and the coast of Tunisia divides Whales
the Mediterranean Sea into two main basins; the E basin is From April through August, sperm whales may be found in
about double the size of the W basin. the Strait of Gibraltar. A sperm whale conservation area is
Cautions a. 36°00.6'N, 5°28.8'W.
b. 35°55.2'N, 5°27.0'W.
Special Warning 120 (Issued 16 November 2001; reviewed c. 35°51.6'N, 5°38.4'W.
20 November 2014) d. 35°57.0'N, 5°40.2'W.
Information on Special Warning 120 can be found in North The maximum allowed vessel speed in this area is 13 knots.
Atlantic Ocean—Cautions. Vessels should be extremely vigilant when transiting this area.
Pub. 140
420 Mediterranean Sea
Seiches 4. Egypt—Alexandria and Port Said.
Seiches sometimes occur in the Adriatic Sea. In 1977, a deep 5. France—Cannes, Marseilles, Nice, Toulon, and Ville-
low moved SE across the area in the vicinity of Stari Grad franche.
(43°11'N., 16°35'E.) from the N part of the Adriatic Sea, The 6. Gibraltar.
water level fell 2m and then rose several minutes later by 2.7m. 7. Greece—Astakos, Kaliamata, Kerkira, Kithra, Pirae-
The oscillations continued for several hours; each cycle lasted us, Souda Bay, St. Theodore, and Thessaloniki.
about 10 minutes and consisted of about 4 minutes of slack at 8. Israel—Ashdod and Haifa.
the high and low levels and about 1 minute for each rise or fall. 9. Italy—Augusta Bay, Cagliari, Catania, Gaeta, Genoa,
La Maddalena, la Spexia, Livorna, Messina, Naples, Paler-
Maritime Administration (MARAD} Advisories mo, Porto Torres, San Remo, Taormina, Taranto, Trieste, and
MARAD Advisories rapidly disseminate information on Venice.
maritime dangers, safety, government policy, and other time- 10. Malta—Valleta.
sensitive matters pertaining to U.S. flag vessel operations. For 11. Monaco.
further information, see North Atlantic Ocean—Cautions— 12. Slovenia—Koper.
Maritime Administration (MARAD} Advisories. 13. Spain—Barcelona, Benidorm, Cartagena, Ibeza, Mal-
aga, Palma, Pollensa, and Valencia.
Climatology 14. Tunisia—Bizerte, Sfax, Sousse, and Tunis.
15. Turkey—Aksaz, Antalya, Izmir, Izkenderun, and
General Mersin.
The influence of the sea results in mild winters and warm
summers in the Mediterranean Sea. In the N gulfs, where Winds
winds are mainly of land origin, continental extremes of tem- In the Mediterranean there is no general wind current domi-
perature are more likely during both seasons. nating the whole region at any time of the year, although the
Winter is the stormiest season. The Golfe du Lion, the Golfo overall wind pattern remains fairly constant in all seasons.
di Genova, and the Adriatic Sea are the principal areas of cy- During the winter season winds are often W to NW, with av-
clogenesis during this season. Storms generally follow an E erage speeds of 12 to 17 knots. Between the Strait of Gibraltar
track along the N side of the Mediterranean Sea. In general, and Sardegna (Sardinia), both E and W winds predominate
gales are more likely in the north, particularly in the Golfe du while in the Adriatic Sea SW winds are common. The W coast
Lion, the Adriatic Sea, and the Aegean Sea. Spring and autumn of Italy shows no prevailing wind direction. Cyprus and the
show a decrease in the number of storms although cyclogenesis northeastern Mediterranean Sea have a high percentage of N
occurs in the Golfo di Genova and the northern Adriatic Sea. and NE winds. The Aegean Sea shows the greatest departure
The storm tracks are similar to those of winter, although the from the general pattern, with N winds in all seasons, although
frequency of gale force winds is about one-half that of winter. in winter both N and S winds are frequent.
Summer is characterized by fair weather. Storms and strong Spring brings little change to the above pattern except in the
winds are uncommon throughout most of the area. northeastern Mediterranean Sea, where SW winds now pre-
Poor visibility in the form of fog or precipitation is much dominate. The average wind speeds drop to 9 to 13 knots in
more likely to occur during the winter months than any other spring.
season, particularly in the N. Dust or dry haze blowing from In the summer months the average wind speeds are 5 to 9
North Africa can also greatly reduce visibility. Summer is knots over the area. The general pattern remains the same ex-
characterized by exceptional visibility over the entire area, except in the Aegean Sea, where S winds are rare.
cept near large cities, where there is often an early morning Fall brings little change in the general pattern except for the
fog. southeastern Mediterranean Sea, where winds are variable. The
The Naval Research Laboratory Monterey, a corporate re- average wind speeds increase to 7 to 10 knots in this season.
search laboratory for the United States Navy and Marine The diurnal alternation of land and sea breezes caused by the
Corps, publishes port studies and forecaster handbooks that differential heating of land and sea is pronounced in the warm
may be of use to the mariner. These publications can be ac- season and sometimes noticeable in the cool season. During
cessed at the Naval Research Laboratory web site. daylight hours, the land warms up much more rapidly than the
sea, causing air near the surface to rise. Air flowing in from
Naval Research Laboratory Monterey Home Page seaward to replace this rising air forms the sea breeze. At night
the reverse action takes place.
http://www.nrlmry.navy.mil/pubs.htm Regular sea breezes prevail from April to October, beginning
at 0700 or 0800, reaching a maximum about 1300 or 1400, and
The African Severe Weather Port Guide contains informa- continuing until about 1800 or 1900. In the spring and autumn,
tion on the following ports: the sea breeze begins later in the morning; in the winter, when
1. Egypt—Alexandria and Port Said. it occurs, its onset may be delayed until noon. The extent of
2. Tunisia—Bizerte, Sfax, Sousse, and Tunis. land-sea breezes is about 10 to 20 miles from the coast. The sea
The European Severe Weather Port Guide contains informa- breezes usually reach 11 to 16 knots, while the land breezes are
tion on the following ports: weaker, averaging 5 to 9 knots.
1. Albania—Durres. Gales are most likely in the Golfe du Lion, the Adriatic Sea,
2. Croatia—Dubrovnik, Split, and Zadar. and the Aegean Sea. There is a general decrease toward the S
3. Cyprus—Lanarca and Limassol. and E, but gale frequency increases in the main straits, such as
Pub. 140
Mediterranean Sea 421
the Strait of Gibraltar and the Alboran Sea, due to funneling. running nearly parallel with the coast. It is said to be most
Winter is the primary season for strong winds. The highest frequent in the 40 days following July 11 or 12, a period
frequency of gales is the Golfe du Lion, where they occur which is known as the Smaim (see Simoom).
greater than 20 per cent of the time near the head, decreasing to 6. Chili.—A warm dry descending wind in Tunisia re-
10 per cent in the open seas. Both the Adriatic Sea and the Ae- sembling the sirocco. In southern Algeria, it is called chich-
gean Sea show a 10 per cent frequency of gales in this season. ili.
The extreme winds are most likely from September through 7. Cold Scirocco.—A dry E wind ocuring in the winter
March in the Mediterranean Sea. over Israel which may cause abnormally low temperatures.
The maximum recorded wind was 65 knots, at Iskenderun in 8. Dusenwind.—Literally “jet wind” or “blast wind.”
March. Izmir has recorded 61 knots in that month and has a The mountain-gap wind of Canakkale Bogazi (The Darda-
summer record of 50 knots (June). Split has recorded a 58 knot nelles); a strong ENE wind which blows out of Canakkale
NNE gale during the month of December. Very few stations Bogazi (The Dardanelles) into the Aegean Sea, penetrating
have recorded winds greater than 30 knots during June, July, as far as the island of Lemnos. It is caused by a ridge of high
and August. pressure over the Black Sea.
The complex topography of the Mediterranean Sea area, 9. Cierzo.—Spanish term for the mistral in the lower
with mountains to the N, desert to the S, and numerous islands valleys of the Rio Ebro. It occurs mainly in the autumn and
and indented coastlines, results in a variety of regional winds. early winter.
Most of these winds have names and are briefly described, as 10. Etesians.—The prevailing N winds in summer in the
follows: eastern Mediterranean Sea and especially the Aegean Sea;
1. Bora.—A fall wind whose source is so cold that when basically similar to monsoon and equivalent to the maestro
the air reaches the lowlands or coast the dynamic warming is of the Adriatic Sea.
insufficient to raise the air temperature to the normal level According to the ancient Greeks, the etesians blow for 40
for the region; hence it appears as a cold wind. The terms days beginning with the heliacal rising of Sirius. They are
borino and boraccia denote a weak bora and strong bora, re- associated (along with the seistan and shamal) with the deep
spectively. The term is applied (along with karstbora) to the low pressure area which forms in summer over northwest In-
cold NE wind on the Dalmatian coast of the Adriatic Sea in dia. They bring clear skies and dry relatively cool weather.
winter when cold air from Russia crosses the mountains and In Greece, the etesian wind is locally named the sleeper; in
descends to the relatively warm shores of the Adriatic Sea. It Turkey it is the meltem. The Romans used the word also for
is very stormy and squally; the squalls sometimes reach 90 the Southwest Monsoon of the Arabian Sea.
knots or more. The cyclonic bora (bora scura), with clouds During the summer these NW through NE winds are very
and rain, covers the whole Adriatic Sea and occurs with a persistent and in some places have almost the character of
low pressure system to the S. The dry anticyclonic bora is trade winds. They are dry and, moving over a relatively cool
generated by a powerful anticyclone over central Europe. It sea, bring good visibility and clear skies; only after traveling
is very violent over the land but extends only a short distance some distance over the sea do they generate cumulus clouds.
out to sea. A local bora also occurs on the E shore of the Their wind speeds may be greatly increased by funneling in
Adriatic Sea with an anticyclone over the Balkans. Boras many of the narrow channels of the Aegean Sea.
may last for several days, although advancing cold fronts 11. Gharra.—A line of squally thunderstorms moving in
may be preceded by a relative lull. Each cold front is accom- from the NE affecting the Gulf of Sirte, usually between Jan-
panied by a violent squall and followed by an increase in uary and March.
winds which are strongest and most frequent in the cool sea- 12. Ghibli.—Also called chibli, gebli, gibleh, gibli, and
son. Bora gales occur about 10 per cent in the northern Adri- kibli. A hot dust-bearing desert wind in Tripolitania similar
atic Sea during the month of January. to the foehn. In Morocco, the analogous gibla is a hot dry
2. Borasca.—Also called borasco or bourrasque. Liter- wind from between the SE and S. It means “the direction in
ally means “little bora.” A thunderstorm or violent squall, es- which one turns,” i.e., the traditional direction of Mecca.
pecially in the Mediterranean Sea. 13. Gregale.—The Maltese and best known variant of a
3. Burin.—A coastal wind in the northern Adriatic Sea term for a strong NE wind in the central and western Medi-
occurring in summer due to the temperature differences be- terranean Sea. It occurs either with high pressure over central
tween the sea and the land. The wind, which usually comes Europe or the Balkans and low pressure over Libya, when it
from the ENE to NNE, begins around 2200 and continues may continue for up to 5 days, or with the passage of a low
through the night until about sunrise. It is strongest around to S or SE when it lasts only a day or two. It is most frequent
sunrise, although it rarely exceeds force 2. in winter. The weather varies with the type of pressure distri-
4. Cers.—A name for the mistral in Catalonia, Nar- bution and the onshore or offshore direction of the wind. At
bonne, and parts of Provence (southern France and north- Malta, the gregale raises dangerous seas in the harbor.
eastern Spain). It is very violent and turbulent in the Aude 14. Khamsin.—Also spelled camsin, chamsin, kansin,
Valley below Carcassone, with gusts often reaching 45 to 50 khamasseen, and khemsin. A dry, dusty, and generally hot
knots. It is cold in the winter, hot in the summer, and always desert wind in Egypt and over the Red Sea. It is generally S
dry and clear. A similar N wind in Spain is the cierzo. or SE, occurring in front of depressions moving E across
5. Chergui.—An E or SE desert wind in Morocco North Africa or the southeastern Mediterranean Sea.
(North Africa), especially in the N. It is persistent, very dry 15. Leste.—Spanish nautical term for E wind. The name
and dusty, hot in the summer, and cold in the winter. It blows is given to a hot dry and dusty E or SE wind which blows
with high pressure in the Mediterranean Sea and the isobars from the Atlantic coast of Morocco out to Madeira and the
Pub. 140
Canary Islands. It is a form of sirocco and occurs ahead of valley of the Durance, below Sisteron.
depressions advancing E. A general mistral usually begins with the development of a
16. Levante.—The Spanish and most widely used term depression over the Tyrrhenian Sea or Golfo di Genova, with
for an E or NE wind occurring along the coast and inland an anticyclone advancing from the Azores to central France.
from southern France to the Strait of Gibraltar. It is moderate It often exceeds 50 knots and reaches 75 knots in the lower
or fresh (not as strong as the gregale), mild, very humid, Rhone Valley and 45 knots at Marseilles, decreasing both to
overcast, and rainy; it occurs with a depression over the the E and W. In the absence of a strong pressure gradient, a
western Mediterranean Sea. In summer it is rare and weak; weaker katabatic local mistral develops in the Rhone Valley.
in January it is inhibited by the Iberian anticyclone. It is most A general mistral usually lasts for several days, sometimes
frequent from February to May and from October to Decem- with short lulls. It is most violent in winter and spring, and
ber. may do considerable damage.
17. Levanter.—An English name for the levante, more The mistral has a variety of local names, such as mango-
specifically applied to winds in the Strait of Gibraltar and on fango (Provence); secaire, maistrau, maistre, or magistral
the E coast of Spain. It blows from E or NE with high pres- (Cevennes); dramundan (Perpignan); cierzo (Spain); and
sure over central Europe and a depression over the southwest cers (the Pyrennes). South of Mont Ventoux, a similar wind
Mediterranean Sea. It is most frequent and strongest from is named bise. A local W wind of mistral type which de-
October to December and February to May, and persists for scends from Mount Canigou to the plains of Roussillon is
2 or 3 days called canigonenc.
18. Levantera.—A persistent E wind in the Adriatic Sea, 28. Orsure.—A stormy N to NE wind in the Golfe du Li-
usually bringing cloudy weather. on.
19. Leveche.—Also spelled laveche. A name for the si- 29. Ostro.—A S wind occurring most frequently in the
rocco in Spain. It is a hot sand and dust-laden wind from be- open part of the Adriatic Sea. It appears when cyclonic activ-
tween SE and SW that blows in front of a depression on the ity approaches the Adriatic Sea from W to NW. The direc-
SE coast of Spain but extends only a few miles inland. tion of the ostro is usually determined by pressure
20. Libeccio.—Italian name for a SW wind; used espe- differences and is not affected by land. It is transient in na-
cially in northern Corsica for the W or SW wind which ture and of short duration, but can increase and warn of an
blows throughout the year, and especially in winter when it approaching storm.
is often stormy. On windward slopes it brings rain, with 30. Ponente.—A W wind on the Cote d’Azur (French
thunderstorms in summer and autumn; after crossing the Mediterranean coast), the northern Roussillon region, and
mountains it is warm and dry, but may be very turbulent. Corsica. On the Cote d’Azur, it is a weakened mistral and
21. Liberator.—A name sometimes given the W wind brings clear skies. In northern Roussillon, it is the land
through the Strait of Gibraltar. breeze of early morning, changing to SE during the day, and
22. Lips.—The ancient Greek name for the SW wind; it generally precedes the tramontana.
is the sea breeze in Athens. On the Tower of the Winds it is 31. Raffiche.—Also called refoli. In the Mediterranean
represented by a bare-legged young man carrying a piece of Sea region, gusts from the mountains; violent gusts of the
a trireme (ancient galley). This may indicate either that the bora.
wind favored homecoming ships or that, when stormy, it 32. Riefne.—An intense storm of Malta in the Mediterra-
caused wrecks. Today the name is applied to any hot wind, nean Sea.
usually the sirocco. 33. Simoom.—A strong, dry, and dust-laden desert wind
23. Maestro.—A NW wind with fine weather which which blows in the Sahara, Israel, Syria, and the desert of
blows, especially in summer, in the Adriatic Sea; it is most Arabia. Its temperature may exceed 54°C and the humidity
frequent on the W shore and is equivalent to the etesians of may fall below 10 per cent. The name means “poison wind”
the eastern Mediterranean Sea. It is also found on the coast and is given because the sudden onset of a simoom may
of Corsica and Sardinia. cause heatstroke. This is attributed to the fact that the hot
24. Mamatele.—Also called mamaliti or mamatili. A wind brings more heat to the body than can be disposed of
light NW wind of Sicily; it is a form of mistral. by the evaporation of perspiration.
25. Marin.—A warm moist SE wind from the sea on the 34. Siffanto.—A SW wind of the Adriatic Sea; it is often
French Mediterranean coast and in the Maritime Alps, espe- violent.
cially frequent in spring and autumn. In the Rhone Delta, it 35. Sirocco.—Also spelled scirocco. A warm S or SE
blows also from the S. wind in advance of a depression moving E across the south-
26. Meltem.—Also spelled meltemi. A strong wind from ern Mediterranean Sea or North Africa. The air comes from
the NE or E which often sets in suddenly and blows during the Sahara (as a desert wind) and is dry and dusty, but the
the day in summer on the Bulgarian coast and in Istanbul Bo- term is not used in North Africa, where the natives call it
gazi (The Bosporus). It is also the Turkish name for the ete- cham (hot) or arifi (thirsty). In crossing the Mediterranean
sians. Sea, the sirocco picks up much moisture because of its high
27. Mistral.—A N wind which blows down the Rhone temperature and reaches Malta, Sicily, and southern Italy as
Valley S of Valence, France and into the Golfe du Lion. It is a very enervating hot and humid wind. As it travels N, it
strong, squally, cold, and dry and is the combined result of causes fog and rain.
the basic circulation, a fall wind, and jet-effect wind. It In some parts of the Mediterranean region, the word may
blows from the N or NW in the Rhone Delta, where it is be used for any S wind. In the extreme SW of Greece, a
strongest; from the NW in Provence; and from the NE in the warm foehn wind crossing the coastal mountains is named
Pub. 140
sirocco di levante. There are a number of local variants of the Changes in wind direction can bring about marked changes
spelling, such as xaroco (Portuguese), jaloque or xaloque in temperature. In summer months if the onset of the (cool) sea
(Spanish), and xaloc or xalock (Catalonian). In the Rhone breeze is delayed until afternoon, a drop of 8° to 11°C may oc-
Delta, the warm rainy SE sirocco is called eissero. On cur when the sea breeze does arrive.
Zakynthos Island, it is called lampadista. Large changes occur when the sirocco winds are suddenly
36. Solano.—A SE or E wind on the SE coast of Spain in followed by a cold front. The W coast of Greece can experi-
summer, usually an extension of the sirocco. It is hot and hu- ence large summer changes when hot dry winds from the
mid and sometimes brings rain; when dry, it is dusty. mountains are followed by a cold front.
37. Tarantata.—A strong breeze from the NW in the
Mediterranean Sea region. Precipitation
38. Tramontane.—A cold wind from the NE or N, par- Rainfall in the Mediterranean Sea area generally occurs in
ticularly on the W coast of Italy and northern Corsica, but al- association with low pressure systems. Heaviest rains occur
so in the Balearic Islands and the Ebro Valley in Catalonia. ahead of cold fronts, particularly when the air is warm and hu-
Like the mistral, it is associated with the advance of an anti- mid. In autumn, when the sea is still very warm, showers
cyclone from the W following a depression over the Mediter- caused by instability and thunderstorms are often associated
ranean Sea. The weather is fine, with occasional showers. with warm fronts. Thunderstorms also occur in siroccos when
39. Traversier.—In the Mediterranean Sea, dangerous they are orographically lifted in the N parts of the Mediterra-
winds blowing directly into port. nean Sea area.
40. Vardar.—Also called vardarac. A cold fall wind The average annual precipitation is generally highest in the
blowing from the NW down the Vardar Valley in Greece to N sector, decreasing to a minimum along the eastern North Af-
the Gulf of Salonica. It occurs when atmospheric pressure rican coast. Rijeka has an annual average of 1,575mm, the
over Eastern Europe is higher than over the Aegean Sea, as is highest in the area, with 111 days showing measurable precipi-
often the case in winter. It persists for 2 or 3 days, with a tation (1mm or greater), while the minimum of 76mm is re-
mean velocity of 10 to 15 knots, rising to 30 knots in squalls. ported at Bur Said, which has an average of only 19 days with
It is strongest where the Vardar River leaves the mountains, measurable precipitation. Most of the NW area reports an an-
but it extends for some distance out to sea. nual average close to 762mm.
41. Vendaval.—A stormy SW wind on the southern Med- Most of the Mediterranean Sea experiences a dry season in
iterranean coast of Spain and in the Strait of Gibraltar. It oc- the summer, when there is an almost constant flow of surface
curs with a low advancing from the W in late autumn, winter, air onto North Africa and a very stable lapse rate in the atmo-
or early spring, and is often accompanied by thunderstorms sphere. A change in either of these conditions, such as excep-
and violent squalls. tionally cold air moving in from Europe or warm air blowing
42. Zephyrus.—In the northern Adriatic Sea, a wind out of Africa, could cause a break in the dry season. The south-
from the W which arises suddenly, particularly in cold eastern Mediterranean Sea experiences almost complete aridity
weather, but does not last long. It is usually a strong wind during the summer months; no station on the North African
and can cause high waves. coast reports more than a 25mm total for the summer months
(June, July, August). The NE is also dry, with Piraievs averag-
Temperature ing 15mm and Izmir averaging 25mm for the summer months.
The regional climate of the Mediterranean Sea is generally To the NE, Genova has an average of 172mm total and 13 days
one of mild winters and hot summers. In the summer months showing measurable precipitation.
the average daily temperatures increase toward the E and S. The Mediterranean rainy season usually occurs from late fall
The average daily highs in summer are usually in the high to early spring. December, a representative month in the rainy
teens or low 20s (°C). Hot temperatures are not unusual along season, shows Genova and Napoli with an average of 137mm
the North African coast when a hot breeze blowing off the des- and 9 and 13 days, respectively, with measurable precipitation.
ert (sirocco) encroaches on the marine environment. The high- Some cities to the south are still quite dry; Bur Said has an av-
est temperature recorded in the Mediterranean region is erage of only 15mm and 4 rainy days in December.
47.8°C, which was measured in Banzart in August and in Tunis Snow is relatively rare at sea level in the Mediterranean Sea.
in July. High temperatures also occur in a number of other The most affected areas are the northeast Adriatic Sea and the
places in the Mediterranean Sea due to adiabatic heating of air N parts of the Aegean Sea, where snow falls on an average of 6
as it flows down the lee side of a mountain range (foehn ef- days each year. Snow seldom lies on the ground for more than
fect), especially near the Corsican Mountains, the N coast of 1 to 2 days in this area.
Sicilia (Sicily), and southern Italy when the sirocco blows in Hail may occur in the northern Mediterranean at any time of
summer. Palermo has recorded a high of 45.6°C in August. the year, but in general it is most frequent in spring and winter.
In general the average winter temperatures increase toward In the S areas, hail is practically confined to these seasons. In
the S, and they are slightly higher in the eastern Mediterranean regions where the rainfall consists mainly of heavy showers,
Sea than in the western Mediterranean Sea. January and Febru- the highest frequencies of hail occur in the seasons of maxi-
ary are usually the coldest months. The lowest temperatures mum rainfall and not necessarily of maximum thunderstorm
occur in the cold continental air streams on the shores of the activity. Hail in this region occurs mainly along cold fronts, in
Golfe du Lion, the north Adriatic Sea, and in the north Aegean showers caused by instability in cold air masses, and in thun-
Sea. In these areas the minimum temperature may be as low as derstorms.
-6° to -9°C. The extreme minimum in the area is -14°C, which The frequency of Mediterranean thunderstorms is highest in
was recorded in Trieste in February. the N waters, with a maximum in the North Adriatic Sea, de-
Pub. 140
creasing to a minimum along the N coast of Africa, from Libya ences the afternoon maximum in summer. The clearest time of
to Egypt. The annual average of thunderstorm days ranges the day is in the evening. The diurnal cloud changes usually
from 37 at Split to 3 at Bur Said. In the North Adriatic Sea the only affect the offshore waters to a distance of 10 to15 miles
frequency of thunderstorms is highest in the summer months, from the coast.
with many of these being air mass thunderstorms. Rijeka has
an average of 6 thunderstorm days during the month of July. In Visibility
other parts of the Mediterranean, autumn and winter are the The more important causes of poor visibility in the Mediter-
main season for thunderstorms. Autumn thunderstorms are ranean Sea are fog, dust, haze, and precipitation. Mist or fog is
most common in the western and central Mediterranean Sea, common near large cities in the early morning, when the
the southern Adriatic Sea, and the western Aegean Sea; Tunis smoky air is especially favorable for condensation of moisture.
and Piraeus average 4 thunderstorm days in October. In the Dense sea fogs are relatively scarce in the Mediterranean
eastern Aegean Sea and eastern Mediterranean Sea, thunder- Sea, but when they do occur, they are more frequent in the rela-
storms are most common in winter. tively cool waters of the N gulfs than in the warmer water to
the S. On the coast radiation fog sometimes develops in early
Humidity morning when winds are very light, but this usually decreases
The relative humidity over most of the Mediterranean Sea is soon after sunrise.
highest in the winter months, decreasing to a minimum during The N movement of moist sirocco air over the relatively cool
July or August. In general, the relative humidity is highest sea is a major cause of fog in the Mediterranean Sea. Thick si-
during the night; this variation is brought about more by diur- rocco fogs occur in the northern Adriatic Sea, along the W
nal temperature variations than changes in actual water con- coast of Italy, and in the Golfo di Genova and the Golfe du Li-
tent. The seasonal variation is highest in the N area and very on. Fog at Venezia has been known to continue for as long as 5
small along the North African coast. days.
Winds often determine the short period range in humidity. The haze caused by African dust can affect the visibility just
Offshore winds are generally dry in all seasons, especially on as intensely and abruptly as a dense fog. This dust is carried N
the North African coast, where the sirocco is often desiccative, from the desert area by storms moving E along the North Afri-
while the sea breeze is generally quite moist. An extreme ex- can coast and is associated with the hot sirocco or other S
ample of wind effect has been noted at Al Iskandariyah (Alex- winds. Dust storms are most intense in the strong winds ahead
andria), where relative humidity as low as 8 per cent has risen of a cold front. A dust storm seldom lasts for more than 12
to 90 per cent within 2 hours after the arrival of NW winds in hours at anyone place, although a low may cause dust storms
the rear of a low. for 3 or more days as it moves along its track. Generally the
In the winter months, the relative humidity is generally high- dust clears after the passage of the cold front. Dust storms are
est in the W part of the region, although the January minimum most common in May, but they can occur at any time of the
occurs at Genova, which has a 56 per cent daytime average in year. Such dust may travel great distances N, but generally the
this month. In the summer months, the relative humidity is extent of reduced visibility is limited to a belt 20 to 50 miles
highest in the southern Mediterranean Sea. wide along the African coast.
The diurnal variation depends, to a great extent, on the local Poor visibility is generally most common in winter and
winds and, therefore, has a large range over the Mediterranean spring. Venezia has an average of 12 days a month with visibil-
Sea area. Average diurnal changes can be nearly 0 per cent ities less than 2 miles in both February and December, while
(Hefa in October) and as high as 24 per cent (Banzart in July). Napoli averages 10 days in April. The southern and eastern
The diurnal range is smallest along the E shore of the Mediter- Mediterranean ports seldom show more than 3 days per month
ranean Sea and at Genova, which does not have a diurnal aver- with poor visibility (less than 2 miles) during this period.
age greater than 9 per cent in any month during the year.
Currents
Cloud Cover
In general, the Mediterranean Sea is not a cloudy area. The General
seas W of Sicilia (Sicily) and the northern Adriatic Sea experi- The following is a general discussion of surface circulation
ence a slightly greater percentage of cloud cover than the rest in the Mediterranean Sea. It should be carefully noted that cur-
of the area. Most of the stations in western Mediterranean Sea rent patterns change seasonally as wind patterns change. Local
report an annual average of near 4 oktas cloud cover, while current patterns are altered as well when winds blow for a peri-
most cities in the E region report to 2 to 3 oktas average cloud od of days from an other-than-usual direction, causing surface
cover. currents to change direction for a time or be increased beyond
The cloud cover is heaviest during the winter months. In De- the normal rate until conditions return to normal.
cember, Napoli has an average of 13 cloudy days, while Alger Surface Atlantic Ocean water flows through the Strait of Gi-
averages 11 and Bayrut has a mean of 7 cloudy days. The area braltar along the coast of Spain and France at mean rate of 0.5
is seldom overcast during the summer months and few stations knot, forming two surface features in the Alboran Sea. A jet of
report more than 2 to 3 cloudy days each month during this water moves from the strait along the coast of Spain, turns SE
season. In many places along the coast the diurnal variation of near 4°W, and passes between Alboran Island and Cape Tres
cloud cover during the winter often gives a maximum each Forcas before continuing NE. This surface current slows from
morning due to low stratus. This cover normally dissipates af- about 2 knots in the Strait of Gibraltar to about 1 knot in the
ter sunrise and there is a second maximum in the afternoon due Alboran Sea. Southwest of the jet, a large gyre of water circu-
to the development of cumulus. Most of the area only experi- lates clockwise, with speeds up to 0.5 knot. When low atmo-
Pub. 140
spheric pressure over the Mediterranean Sea results in a W Basin draw portions of the African North Atlantic Ocean
wind, the force of the jet can double as the gyre decays and stream N into the interior of the Levantine Basin. Cyclonic
sometimes disappears. High pressure over the Mediterranean flow moves the remainder of the surface North Atlantic Ocean
Sea weakens the jet and strengthens the gyre, which may de- water E along the coast of Egypt. Before the Aswan High Dam
velop a diameter of up to 50 miles. was built, the spring flooding of the Nile River produced a
Mediterranean Sea bottom water flows W along the Moroc- NNE surface current with speeds up to 3.2 knots near the coast;
can coast. In the Strait of Gibraltar, anticyclonic vorticity since the completion of the Aswan High Dam, however, sur-
draws deep water up and over the sill into the Atlantic Ocean a face currents along the Egyptian coast rarely exceed 0.5 knot.
few hours before high tide at Tarifa and maintains the Alboran Surface flow generally continues N toward Turkey along the
anticyclonic gyre. Strong winds blowing from the French coast coasts of Lebanon and Israel and then NE along the coast If
cool and evaporate surface waters which sink, forming Western Greece. Circulation in the Aegean Sea is complicated by the
Mediterranean bottom water that is also drawn up and over the large number of islands in the area. There is a S flowing W
Gibraltar Sill. The onset of the mistral winds in February caus- boundary current which moves surface water through the Pet-
es particularly violent mixing in the Golfe du Lion off the coast alion Gulf and around the Peloponessus. The surface flow then
of France. These winds supply energy to a cyclonic gyre in the moves N toward the Adriatic Sea. There is an anticyclonic gyre
Ligurian Sea; the gyre is predominantly maintained by thermal SW of the Peloponessus and a cyclonic gyre S of Otranto in the
advection and salinity differences, as well as the Coriolis force. northern Ionian Sea. These smaller surface circulation features
Surface water flows along the west coast of Corse; at Cap along with the Levantine Basin gyres may not always be ex-
Corse, the N end of the island, this flow is joined by a current pressed at the surface because of the variable wind field in the
of equal strength flowing along the E coast of Corse. They area.
merge and form the Ligurian Current, which then flows W The S limit of the Adriatic Sea is defined by the 39 mile-
along the Italian Riviera and the French Cote d’Azur. The wide Strait of Otranto, where the water flow is further restrict-
mean surface flow is strongest off Nice, especially in a coastal ed by a sill across the strait at a depth of 745m. The Adriatic
band from 20 to 30 miles wide, where the mean rate is 0.4 to Sea is separated into two basins by the Palagruza Sill at a depth
0.6 knot. In the W approach to the Strait of Bonifacio, current of 171m or less. The two basins are the South Adriatic Pit, lo-
speeds of 2.8 knots may occur when strong winds, tidal, and cated S of the Palagruza Sill, and the Jabuka Pit, located N of
hydraulic currents all set in the same direction. Palagruza Sill. The sill itself is dotted with rocks and islands.
The main surface Atlantic Ocean flow in the Alboran Sea Water circulation in the Adriatic Sea, especially in the surface
moves SE at a mean rate of 0.5 knot, and up to 2 knots during layer, is strongly influenced by these basins and sills.
gales, until it approaches the coast of Algeria and increases to a The average depth of the N and middle Adriatic Sea is only
mean rate of 0.75 knot. To the N of the Algerian Current large 82m. The Adriatic Sea as a whole is rather shallow and is under
cyclonic (counterclockwise) circulations develop. To the S, an- the influence of environmental factors seasonally, including the
ticyclonic (clockwise) gyres form. Atlantic Ocean water then wind field, an influx of fresh water, and surface air tempera-
flows E at a mean rate of 0.75 knot through the Sardegna Chan- tures. During the winter, a strong SE wind (sirocco) prevails;
nel, where part of the water flows through the Strait of Sicilia however, the weather is quite changeable due to the frequent
into the E basin and another branch flows along the N coast of passage of cyclones and bursts of strong NE continental winds
Sicilia into the Tyrrhenian Sea. The surface waters of the Tyr- (boras). During the summer, the etesians (mistral) blow fairly
rhenian Sea generally flow in a cyclonic gyre. This cyclonic constantly to the NW and increase the outflow of surface water.
flow continues N along the W coast of Italy until it sets W and The currents of the Adriatic Sea are characteristically slow.
then S along the E coast of Sardegna to complete the gyre. Circulation is cyclonic, with stronger currents along the W
Weak countercurrents flow along the W coast of Italy from coast in the summer and along the E coast in the winter. During
Genova S and along the E coast of Corse. the fall and spring, the current intensities are nearly equal
The general mean surface circulation is SE from the Strait of along both coasts. In the winter, an incoming NW current pre-
Sicilia into the Ionian Sea basin at a mean rate of 0.2 to 1 knot. dominates, while in the summer, an outgoing SE current pre-
Along the S coast of Sicilia the current is generally weak but vails. Environmental conditions may develop such that the
increases with W winds. Strong S winds may cause the cur- incoming winter branch or the outgoing summer branch may
rents to flow NW and during gales may reach speeds up to 2 be lacking.
knots. There is a cyclonic cell under the influence of the Po River
The Strait of Sicilia widens from W to E, forming a broad discharge in the northern Adriatic Sea. A little farther S the
continental shelf which breaks off into a deeper abyssal plain flow is anticyclonic. During the summer and winter, the Pala-
near Malta. This allows the North Atlantic Ocean surface water gruza Sill separates the N and southern Adriatic current regime
flowing in a well-defined current along the N coast of Africa to into two distinct cells. During the fall and spring, this flow sep-
spread out, meander, and lose its identity as the Algerian Cur- aration is no longer apparent. Current speeds are small
rent. The general weakening of circulation in the surface layer throughout the Adriatic Sea; the highest values are found in the
from W to E is a distinctive feature of the Mediterranean Sea. Strait of Otranto. Under normal conditions, the average current
The weakened surface stream generally follows the coast of velocity through the strait in summer is 0.7 knot and in winter
Libya. An anticyclonic feature in the Gulf of Sidra shunts the is 0.35 knot, with a maximal velocity of 1.7 knots.
flow NE toward the coast of Cyrenaica and into the central Io- Strait of Gibraltar.—In the following discussion of tidal
nian Sea. flow through the Strait of Gibraltar, all of the times mentioned
Surface circulation is generally cyclonic in the eastern Medi- are in reference to HW at Tarifa. Mediterranean Sea bottom
terranean Sea basin. Smaller cyclonic gyres in the Levantine water and surface Atlantic Ocean water are exchanged through
Pub. 140
the Strait of Gibraltar, which is on the average 201m deep, 6.2 an increase, especially since W winds generally blow when at-
miles wide, and 6.2 miles long. Water movement through the mospheric pressure is low over the W basin.
strait is controlled by global tides, strong winds, and baromet- Strait of Sicilia.—Levantine and surface water from the E
ric pressure over the Mediterranean Sea. The configuration of and W basins flow in opposite directions through the Strait of
the strait itself influences the mean current regime. In the W Sicilia under normal wind conditions.
part of the strait the cross section is triangular and the surface The bottom topography is complicated and directly influenc-
current is weak. The E cross section is deeply U-shaped; the es the flow patterns at the bottom and somewhat at the surface,
surface current is shallow and sets strongly E. The net inward especially over Adventure Bank.A ridge divides the strait into
surface flow averages about 1 knot. two channels, one 365m deep oriented towards the NNW, and
Two primary factors modify the mean current regime: the other 430m deep oriented directly towards the N.
1. Ocean-generated tides.—Ocean-generated tides are The Atlantic Ocean surface water flows E along the N coast
periodic while atmospheric factors, such as local winds and of Africa as the Algeria Current, through the Strait of Sicilia,
pressure fields, are aperiodic. The ocean basin tides generate and into the E basin. The surface flow is strongest along the
strong tidal streams in the strait; weak countercurrents run coast of Tunisia. As the surface North Atlantic Ocean water
along the coasts. Local atmospheric conditions cause fluxes moves eastward it slows and spreads to fill the width of the
of water exchanged through the strait to vary. strait. Weak countercurrents form near Malta and flow along
2. Complex nonlinear processes.—Complex nonlinear the coast of Sicilia.
processes cause drastic changes in the instantaneous flow re- The surface flow through the strait is stronger in the summer
gime to the E of the sill. At about HW at Tarifa, a current than in the winter; it averages 0.5 to 0.75 knot throughout the
front is generated near the sill which propagates toward the year, but the current may increase to 2 knots during WNW
east into the Alboran Sea at a velocity of 3 to 4 knots. Slicks gales in the winter and, in rare cases, to 3 to 4 knots during a
or tide rips mark the passage of the front. strong NE wind. During the spring and fall, strong E winds
The ocean-generated tide is semidiurnal with a small diurnal may cause a short-term reversal of the flow. Near Malta, the
component. The amplitude is greater than 2m at the western shallow Sicilian shelf falls away sharply into the Levantine Ba-
entrance to the strait than in the center, 1.3m at Tarifa, and sin. A strong front, the Maltese Front, forms along this shelf
1.0m at the eastern end. The total current (mean plus tidal) re- break.
verses at the surface during a semidiurnal tidal cycle. The max- Strait of Messina.—The Strait of Messina is very narrow; it
imum value for outflow occurs at 3 to 4 hours before HW at is 2.2 nautical miles wide at the narrowest point, which is the
Tarifa; the maximum value for inflow occurs about 3 hours af- location of a shallow sill, 120m deep, positioned between Pun-
ter HW at Tarifa. Over the sill, the current sets E after a sudden ta Pezzo on the Italian coast and Ganzirri on the Sicilian coast.
reversal at about 30 minutes after HW at Tarifa, with a change The sea floor falls away on either side of the sill to submarine
in current speed of about 3 knots. To the E of the sill the sur- valleys with a steeper gradient to the N than to the S.
face current is higher (3.5 knots) than to the W of the sill (2 There is an amphidromic point in the strait where tidal
knots) because the surface current is more shallow and the heights are zero. To the south in the Ionian Sea, tidal heights
strait is more constricting. At the surface, a line of eddies forms are 0.1m,; to the north in the Tyrrhenian Sea, tidal heights are
along the position of the sill as the current flows outward from 0.2m. This slope in sea level, along with the shallow sill and
5 hours to 30 minutes before HW at Tarifa. At about 45 min- narrow constrictions of the Strait of Messina, drives strong tid-
utes before HW at Tarifa surface temperatures drop and salinity al currents (averaging about 4.3 knots at springs and 2.5 knots
values reach a minimum as intermediate Mediterranean Sea at neaps) through the Strait of Messina. Countercurrents flow
water is brought near the surface. Just after the surface tidal along the coasts as the Strait of Messina widens to the S.
current reverses to an inflow, the current speed increases by Where the Strait of Messina bends, convergence zones de-
about 3 knots in 30 minutes. velop, causing the generation of strong shear zones. These
The current pattern is different at the E entrance of the strait zones are similar to an estuarine tidal bore and are called “tag-
near Gibraltar. Strong currents flow in the surface layer down li” by local fishermen. The tagli appear as zones of increased
to a depth of 103m and do not reverse with the tide at the sur- surface roughness which can be decreased by opposing winds
face. The minimum inflow current occurs at about 2 hours 30 or increased by spring tides. The tagli are stronger when the
minutes after HW at Tarifa; the maximum inflow current oc- tidal current flows N. These convergences also give rise to tur-
curs at about 6 hours after HW at Tarifa. In the middle of the bulent eddies; the large ones are cyclonic and develop off Capo
strait the maximum current speeds at springs are higher than 3 Peloro, Scilla, and near the harbor entrance of Messina. Small-
knots. In the E part of the strait the currents have a N compo- er anticyclonic eddies also form in the Strait of Messina.
nent so that the surface water tends to rotate in a clockwise di- Corse Channel.—The Corse Channel, located between the
rection. coasts of Tuscany and Corse, separates the Tyrrhenian Sea and
The winds, which may be violent at times, modify the flow the Ligurian Sea. The main channel lies between Corse and the
through the Strait of Gibraltar. During the summer, the wind islands of the Tuscan Archipelago (Elba, Capraia, Pianosa,
generally blows from the E, at times up to 35 knots for a week, etc.).
which causes the surface flow to increase up to 5 knots in the A surface current flows NNW, with an average speed of 0.5
downwind direction and decrease, or even reverse, in the upper knots through the main channel between Corse and the islands
10 to 15m in the upwind direction. of Pianosa, Montecristo, and Capraia. With N winds, the cur-
Barometric pressure as well has an effect on the flow rent may be as high as 1.8 knots. A countercurrent forms along
through the strait. High pressure over the western Mediterra- the coast of Corse. A current flowing W between Elba and
nean Sea causes a decrease in the inflow; low pressure causes Capraia splits into a N component and a S component; a cy-
Pub. 140
clonic eddy is located where the E current meets the N current. Automatic Identification System (AIS) Aids to Navigation
Strait of Otranto.—The Strait of Otranto is the southern (ATON)
limit of the Adriatic Sea; it is 39 nautical miles wide, and there For information, see North Atlantic Ocean—Navigational
is a sill across the entrance of the strait 745m deep. Information.
Surface currents to a depth of 43m in the Adriatic Sea are
generally weak but increase through the Strait of Otranto. Sur- Automatic Identification System (AIS) and Voyage Data
face current speeds are controlled by meteorological factors Recorder (VDR)
and are seasonal. During the summer an outgoing SE current For information, see North Atlantic Ocean—Navigational
through the strait prevails, especially along the W coast, as part Information.
of a general cyclonic circulation pattern. Along the Italian
coast, current speeds range from 0.4 knot to 1.5 knots. Along Enroute Volumes
the Albanian coast current speeds range from 0.4 knot in open Pub. 131, Sailing Directions (Enroute) Western Mediterra-
waters to 0.8 knot along the coast. nean
Deep eastern Mediterranean Sea water is formed nearly en- Pub. 132, Sailing Directions (Enroute) Eastern Mediterra-
tirely in the vicinity of the Strait of Otranto. The exchange of nean.
water between the Adriatic Sea and the Ionian Sea may be fast-
er than in the rest of the basin.
Near Cap Colonne and Punta Alice surface flow strongly Pollution
constricts because of cyclonic circulation which produces cur-
rents of about 0.5 knot. During the winter, surface currents Single-hull Tanker Phase-out Schedule
flow NW along the E coast of the Adriatic Sea. In the summer In accordance with Regulation 13G of Annex I of the MAR-
the currents flow SE along the W coast. The current flow rate POL Convention, single-hull tankers should be phased out or
through the strait reaches its maximum value in August. The converted to a double-hull configuration according to a sched-
yearly average surface current velocity through the strait is 0.8 ule based on their year of delivery. These requirements are de-
knot, with a maximum velocity of 1.7 knots under normal con- signed to reduce the risk of oil spills from tankers involved in
ditions. During the summer, the velocity averages 0.7 knot; low-energy collisions or groundings. For further information,
during the winter, it averages 0.4 knot. When tidal and non-tid- see North Atlantic Ocean—Pollution—Single Hull Tanker
al currents set in the same direction, surface current speeds Phase-out Schedule.
may increase to 3 knots along the Italian coast and up to 4
knots along the Albanian coast. Ballast Water Management
International guidelines have been adopted by the IMO to
Fishing Areas prevent the introduction of unwanted aquatic organisms and
pathogens from ships’ ballast water and sediment discharge in-
In the N and S approaches to the Strait of Gibraltar, nets used to marine ecosystems. The guidelines include the retention of
to catch bluefin tuna may be moored, as follows: ballast water on board, ballast exchange at sea, ballast manage-
1. March through September—in the N approaches. ment aimed at preventing or minimizing the uptake of contam-
2. June through December—in the S approaches. inated water or sediment, and the discharge of ballast ashore.
The nets are marked by cardinal lighted buoys and are fitted Particular attention is drawn to the hazards associated with bal-
with radar reflectors. last exchange at sea. For further information, see North Atlan-
tic Ocean—Pollution—Ballast Water Management.
Electronic Navigational Communications MARPOL Special Areas
For information on the International Maritime Satellite Or- MARPOL Special Areas are sea areas where special manda-
ganization (INMARSAT), the Global Maritime Distress and tory methods for the prevention of oil pollution in the sea have
Safety System (GMDSS(), the Global Positioning System been adopted.
(GPS), and SafetyNET, see North Atlantic Ocean—Naviga- The sea area of the Mediterranean Sea proper, including all
tional Information. gulfs and seas within it. is a MARPOL Special Area It is
bounded on the W by the Strait of Gibraltar at the meridian of
International Ship and Port Facility (ISPS) Code 5°36'E. The boundary between the Mediterranean Sea and the
The ISPS Code applies to ships on international voyages and Black Sea is the parallel of 41°00'N.
port facilities directly interfacing with these ships. All vessels For further information, see North Atlantic Ocean—Pollu-
should fully comply with the provisions of Chapter XI-Part 2 tion—MARPOL Special Areas.
of the SOLAS Convention and Part A of the ISPS Code. Ves-
sels shall demonstrate that appropriate maritime security mea- Mediterranean Sea—Garbage Disposal
sures are in place according to ISPS Code regulations. For Due to the fact that the Mediterranean Sea has been declared
further information, see North Atlantic Ocean—Navigation- a MARPOL Special Area, disposal of the following types of
al Information. garbage into the Mediterranean Sea is prohibited:
Pub. 140
1. All plastic including, but not limited to, synthetic an Union (EU) Advanced Manifest Rule.
ropes, synthetic fishing nets, plastic garbage bags, and incin-
erator ashes from plastic products which may contain toxic Ship Sanitation Control Certificates
or heavy metal residues. Information concerning Ship Sanitation Control Certificates
2. All other garbage including paper products, rags, glass, (SSC) and Ship Sanitation Control Exemption Certificates (SS-
metal, bottles, crockery, dunnage, and lining and packing CEC) can be found in North Atlantic Ocean—Regulations.
materials.
Food waste may be disposed of at sea provided the disposal Routes
is carried out as far as practicable from land. Disposal is pro-
hibited within 12 miles of the nearest land. The route information in this section considers routes to and
All ships are required to dispose of their garbage at shore re- from selected ports in the Mediterranean Sea.
ception facilities. When reception facilities are unavailable, In general, these routes are as direct as safe navigation per-
garbage is to be retained on board until it can either be dis- mits. However, in some instances, a divergence is made to
posed of onshore or in accordance with the provisions of avoid dangers to navigation, to take advantage of favorable cur-
MARPOL Annex V outside of the Mediterranean Sea. rents, or to minimize the effects of adverse currents. It should
not be inferred that recommendations in this chapter necessari-
Regulations ly represent adopted or established sea lanes. Routes between
ports consist of a series of rhumb lines unless stated otherwise.
Schengen Agreement When a route may be followed in either direction the reverse
The aim of the Schengen Agreement is to create free move- route is not described.
ment for persons within the European Union (EU) and to inten- Detailed information on these routes can be found in the Ap-
sify the fight against cross-border crime. In practice, the pendix—Routes Across the Mediterranean Sea.
Schengen Agreement means that personal checks on journeys
between the member states will cease, while the external fron- Ship Reporting System
tier controls will be intensified, i.e. towards countries that are
not signatories to the Schengen Agreement. For further infor- Mediterranean Voluntary Ship Reporting System
mation, see North Atlantic Ocean—Regulations—Schengen This voluntary reporting system has been established to in-
Agreement. crease security and provide the necessary support to maintain
freedom of navigation to all vessels in the Mediterranean Sea.
European Union Expanded Inspection (EI) Notification Merchant vessels operating in this area are strongly encour-
Under European Union (EU) Directive 2009/16/EC, the Eu- aged to interact with the NATO Shipping Center. Vessels not
ropean Union has introduced a mandatory reporting system for participating in the reporting system may experience delays in
vessels arriving at or departing from a port or anchorage in the receiving military assistance in the event of an incident as mili-
EU region. tary assets will not be expecting the ship, resulting in valuable
The participating EU countries in the Mediterranean Sea are, information not being available.
as follows: Vessels, when entering the Mediterranean Sea or when de-
1. Cyprus. parting a Mediterranean port, are encouraged to send a stan-
2. France. dard initial report to the NATO Shipping Center. The
3. Greece. information in this report will enhance the military’s ability to
4. Italy. both assist vessels and to avoid interference between naval and
5. Malta. merchant shipping. Vessels are also encouraged to report suspi-
6. Slovenia. cious activity.
7. Spain. The report should contain the following information:
For further information, see North Atlantic Ocean—Regu- 1. Vessel name.
lations—European Union Expanded Inspection (EI) Notifi- 2. Flag.
cation. 3. IMO number.
4. INMARSAT telephone number.
Paris Memorandum of Understanding on Port State Con- 5. Time and position.
trol (PMoU) New Inspection Regime (NIR) 6. Course.
The NIR of the PMoU has introduced a mandatory reporting 7. Speed.
system for vessels arriving at or departing from a port or an- 8. Freeboard.
chorage in the Paris MoU region. 9. Cargo.
For further information, see North Atlantic Ocean—Regu- 10. Destination and ETA.
lations—Paris Memorandum of Understanding on Port 11. Last port, departure date, and departure time (UTC).
State Control (PMoU) New Inspection Regime (NIR). 12. Additional ports, with ETA and ETD dates and times
(UTC).
European Union (EU) Advanced Manifest Rule 13. Suez Canal transit—Date and time (UTC), if applica-
All cargo vessels sailing from a non-EU port to an EU port ble.
must submit an Entry Summary Declaration (ENS) to the first The NATO Shipping Center can be contacted, as follows:
port of call in the EU 24 hours prior to the cargo being loaded. 1. Telephone: 44-1923-956-574
for further information, see North Atlantic Ocean—Europe- 2. Facsimile: 44-1923-956-575
Pub. 140
3. E-mail: [email protected] Signals

4. Web site: http://www.shipping.nato.int
For information on international port traffic signals and visu-
GIBREP al storm warning signals, see North Atlantic Ocean—Appen-
GIBREP, a mandatory Vessel Traffic Service, is in operation dix IV—International Port Traffic Signals and Visual
in the Strait of Gibraltar, including the TSS and Inshore Traffic Storm Warning Signals.
Zones. The reporting system covers the area between longi-
tudes 5°58'W and 5°15'W. Further information can be found in
Pub. 131, Sailing Directions (Enroute) Western Mediterranean Tides
(paragraph 1.1).
The tide in the Mediterranean Sea is typically semidiurnal
SURNAV (two high and two low waters each tidal day, with little or no
SURNAV is a system designed to monitor the movements inequality between the heights of successive high or successive
and condition of vessels carrying hydrocarbons, dangerous car- low waters) except for parts of the Adriatic Sea where the tide
go, or noxious substances navigating in the approaches to the is mixed (two high and two low waters each day, with marked
French coasts of the North Sea, the English Channel, the Atlan- inequality between successive high and successive low waters)
tic Ocean, and the Mediterranean Sea. For further information, or where the tide at times becomes diurnal (one high and one
see France—Ship Reporting System—SURNAV. low water each day). There is an amphidromic point (where the
tidal range is zero) in the Strait of Messina, the Strait of Sicilia,
Bonifacio Strait Reporting System (BONIFREP) and the Adriatic Sea.
The Strait of Bonifacio borders the S side of Corsica and The mean and spring tide ranges are small and average less
separates it from Sardinia, a province of Italy. The Bonifacio than 0.6m. In the Strait of Gibraltar, the range of the tide is
Strait Reporting System (BONIFREP) has been established about 0.9m. The range decreases farther E until, along the
within the Strait of Bonifacio and its E and W approaches. The coast of Spain near Cartagena, in the Islas Balereas, and along
system is mandatory for all vessels of 300 gt and over. Further the coast of Algeria from Tenes to Djidjelli, there is very little
information can be found in Pub. 131, Sailing Directions (En- tidal range at all. Elsewhere the range is less than 0.3m., except
route) Western Mediterranean. in the Gulf of Gabes, where the range increases to nearly 1.8m
at Gabes. The tidal range in the Mediterranean Sea and the Io-
Strait of Messina Voluntary Reporting System nian Sea is only a few centimeters.
The Strait of Messina separates the NE extremity of Sicily In the Aegean Sea, the spring tidal rise ranges from 0.1m to
from the SW extremity of the Italian mainland. The Strait of 0.8m.
Messina Voluntary Reporting System has been established in
this area. The system is mandatory for all vessels of 300 gt and Meteorological conditions may influence water level heights
over. Further information can be found in Pub. 131, Sailing Di- more than astronomical forces, as follows:
rections (Enroute) Western Mediterranean. 1. In the western Mediterranean Sea near Sicily, the mar-
robbio, waves or surges occurring either singly or in a series,
Italian Automated Search and Rescue System (ARES) with a period of 10 to 26 minutes, may increase the water
Vessels transiting the Mediterranean are encouraged to par- level about 0.9m above mean sea level; rapid changes of
ticipate in the Italian Automated Search and Rescue System. 0.3m may occur within a few minutes and cause problems
The system is aimed at a coordinated efficiency of search and for small boats in the area. The surges are most common off
rescue operations. Automated Search and Rescue (ARES) the SW coast of Sicily, but they can occur off the W, S, and E
messages will be accepted free of charge by Italian coast radio coasts, round all the islands between Sicily and the coast of
stations. For further information. see Italy—Ship Reporting Africa, and off the African coast in the vicinity of Tripoli.
System—Italian Automated Search and Rescue System 2. In the central Mediterranean Sea, from February
(ARES). through April, the average sea surface height may be 0.5m
below mean sea level.
Adriatic Traffic Reporting System (ADRIREP) 3. In the Adriatic Sea, a strong S or SE wind at Venezia
The Adriatic Ship Reporting System (ADRIREP), a manda- will raise the water level 1.8m; other meteorological condi-
tory system for certain vessels, is in effect for the Adriatic Sea tions can cause waters levels to drop dramatically, resulting
N of latitude 40°25'N. For further information, see Italy—Ship in the uncovering of mud flats in the lagoon. Offshore winds
Reporting System—Adriatic Ship Reporting System. frequently lower water levels along the E shore of the Adriat-
ic Sea and along the leeward side of the islands in that re-
Israel gion.
Vessels bound for Israeli ports are required to report certain 4. On the W coast of Greece in the Ionian Sea, S winds
information through the Israeli navy to the Israeli Ministry of will raise the water level about 0.3m, while N winds can
Transport (IMOT) when 100 miles off the Israeli coast (25 cause a similar fall in water level. When the winds are strong
miles for small craft). For further information, see Israel— ans prolonged, the water level may rise or fall by as much as
Ship Reporting System. 1m.
Pub. 140
Appendix—Routes Across the Mediterranean Sea

In general the routes in the Mediterranean Sea are as direct braltar, as follows:
as safe navigation permits. However, in certain instances a di- 1. The Strait of Gibraltar to ports on the E coast of Spain,
vergence is made from the direct track to take advantage of fa- the S coast of France, and the W coast of Italy.
vorable currents, to obtain shelter by passing to the leeward of 2. The Strait of Gibraltar to ports on the coast of North
islands, and to minimize the affect of adverse currents. The ad- Africa, Algeria, Malta, Libya, and Egypt.
ditional mileage involved in the deviations from the direct 3. The Strait of Gibraltar to ports in the Adriatic Sea via
route duly compensates the navigator in time and fuel saved. It Stretto di Messina or S of Sicilia (Sicily).
it not inferred that recommendations in this section are the 4. The Strait of Gibraltar to ports in the Aegean Sea and
shortest distances between ports and/or that they necessarily the Dardanelles.
represent adopted or established sea lanes. 5. The Strait of Gibraltar to ports in the S coast of Turkey,
Lebanon, and Israel.
Because of the great number of ports in the Mediterranean 6. Spanish and French ports to the Aegean Sea area and
Sea, only a few selected routes are described. When navigating Bur Said (Port Said).
between ports in geographical proximity of these routes, ves- 7. Ports in the Adriatic Sea to the Aegean Sea via Dhiorix
sels may refer to the primary route as directly as safe naviga- Karinthou or Dhiekplous Elajonisonn-Stretto di Messina to
tion permits; otherwise they can proceed directly by the ports in the Aegean Sea via Dhiorix Korinthou.
shortest route. 8. Bur Said to ports in the Aegean Sea and the Darda-
Routes are described progressively E from the Strait of Gi- nelles.
1. The Strait of Gibraltar to ports on the E coast of Spain, the S coast of France, and the W coast of Italy
Strait of Gibraltar to Barcelona, Spain; Marseilles, France; and Genova and Livorno, Italy.—After proceeding
through the Strait of Gibraltar to a position 6.5 miles S of Europa Point, steer a direct course to a position 10 miles S of
Cabo de Gata, taking advantage of the E current that sets from the strait; the; steer to a position 10 miles SE of Cabo de
Palos, and then to a position about 15.5 miles SE of Cabo de la Nao. From the latter position steer a course to the harbor of
Barcelona.
Vessels bound for Marseille steer a direct course from the position off Cabo de Palos to a position 1 mile W of lIe du
Planier, and proceed to the harbor.
Vessels bound for Genova depart from the Barcelona track off Cabo de Palos and steer to a position about 3 miles NW of
Isla Conejera and then steer direct to destination.
Vessels bound for Livorno depart from the Genova track off Isla Conejera; then steer to a position 10 miles NW of Isla
Dragonera, and then direct to destination; passing close S of Isola di Gorgona.
When strong NW winds are blowing, especially the mistral which is most frequent during the winter months, vessels
bound for Marseille and Genova sometimes prefer to continue along the spanish coast to Cabo San Sebastian, and then steer
to destination.
During the summer months some navigators bound for Genova or Livorno prefer to continue E from Cabo de Gata to a
position 3 miles S of Isla del Aire, passing S of the Balearic Islands, and then direct to destination; in the case of Livorno
they join the above-mentioned route N of Cap Corse, Corse (Corsica). Strong E currents have been reported along this
route.
Barcelona to the Strait of Gibraltar.—It has been reported that a SW current sets closely along the E coast of Spain and
continues W along the S coast of Spain as far as Europa Point. Westbound vessels taking the following route will not only
benefit from this current but will also avoid the adverse current that sets strongly through the Strait of Gibraltar.
After clearing the harbor of Barcelona, steer S to a position about 2 miles ESE of Cabo de la Nao, then direct to a position
about 5 miles SE of Cabo de Palos, and then steer SW to a position about 5 miles S of Cabo de Gata. Follow the S coast of
Spain at a distance of 3 to 5 miles offshore to a position about 9 miles SE of Malaga and then steer SW to a position about
2 miles S of Europa Point. From Europa Point, steer to a position about l.5 miles S of Isla de Tarifa, taking care to avoid La
Perla, and then proceed to the junction point of the Strait of Gibraltar. Vessels bound for English Channel ports depart from
this track off Isla de Tarifa.
Marseille to the Strait of Gibraltar.—Proceed to the W of Ile du Planier; then steer a direct course to a position 5 miles
SE of Cabo de Palos; and then proceed to destination as directed in the route from Barcelona.
Genova to the Strait of Gibraltar.—Follow the reverse of the northbound route N of the Balearic Islands to a position 3
miles NW of Isla Conejera; then steer to a position 5 miles SE of Cabo de Palos and then proceed to destination as directed
in the Barcelona to the Strait of Gibraltar route.
Livorno to the Strait of Gibraltar.—Follow the reverse of the northbound route N of the Balearic Islands to a position 3
miles NW of Isla Conejera and then proceed as directed in the Genova to the Strait of Gibraltar route.
Pub. 140
The Strait of Gibraltar to Napoli.—Vessels bound for Napoli proceed as directed previously to a position 6.5 miles S of
Europa Point and then continue E to a position 15 miles S of Cabo de Gata. From the latter position steer a direct course to
a position 7 miles SSE of Capo Spartivento, Sardegna (Sardinia) and then steer to Golfo di Napoli and destination.
Napoli to the Strait of Gibraltar.—Follow the reverse of the Strait of Gibraltar to Napoli route as far as the position S
of Capo Spartivento, then steer a direct course to a position 5 miles S of Cabo de Gata, and continue to destination as
directed in the Barcelona to the Strait of Gibraltar route.
The Strait of Gibraltar to Messina, Sicilia.—Proceed as directed in the Strait of Gibraltar to Napoli route to the
position S of Cabo de Gata and then steer to a position about 31 miles N of lIe de la Galite. From the latter position, steer a
course to a position 5 miles N of Capo San Vito, Sicilia (Sicily), and then steer to a position 3 miles NE of Capo
Rasocolmo, passing about 3 miles S of Isola Vulcano. Pass through the Stretto di Messina as directly as safe navigation
permits and proceed to destination.
This route leads about 15.5 miles N of the reported obstruction located NNE of lIe de la Galite and passes about 21 miles
N of Keith Reef. The current in the vicinity of Skerki Channel and Skerki Bank is variable in direction and strength. The
current generally sets ESE; during NW winds it has been observed to attain a rate of 3 to 4 knots. However, on occasions,
the current has been found to be setting between NW and NNW. Navigators must take great care when passing this area.
Navigating through the Stretto di Messina, although not difficult, requires utmost diligence as the tidal currents are very
strong.
Messina to the Strait of Gibraltar.—Westbound vessels steer the reverse of the Strait of Gibraltar to Messina route to
the position N of lIe de la Galite; then steer to a position 5 miles S of Cabo de Gata; and then follow the Spanish coast to
destination as directed in the Barcelona to the Strait of Gibraltar route.
2. The Strait of Gibraltar to ports on the coast of North Africa, Algeria, Malta, Libya, and Egypt.
The Strait of Gibraltar to Oran, Algeria.—Vessels traversing in the middle of the Strait of Gibraltar generally
experience an E current, the rate of which is largely influenced by the direction of the wind. Inshore of this E current, the
currents are tidal.
Vessels bound for Oran steer a course through strait to a position about 5 miles N of Punta Almina, Morocco; then steer a
direct course to a position 3 miles N of Cap Falcon, passing about 2 miles S of Isla del Alboran; and then proceed to
destination.
Oran to the Strait of Gibraltar.—After clearing the harbor and reaching a position about l.5 miles N of Cap Falcon,
proceed direct to a position about 2.5 miles N of Punta Almina, passing about 4 miles S of Isla del Alboran, and then along
the coast to a position 1.5 miles N of Punta Cires, being guided by the condition of the tidal currents. From the last position,
proceed to the junction point in the Strait of Gibraltar.
The Strait of Gibraltar to North African ports (continued).—After passing through the strait to a position 6.5 miles S
of Europa Point, steer a course to a position about 2.5 miles N of Cap Bengut, about 8 miles N of Cap Tenes, and 3 miles N
of Cap Caxine. From Cap Bengut steer to a position 4.5 miles N of Cap Serrat, passing about 3 miles N of Cap Bougaroun;
then round Ras Enghela at a distance of 2 miles, pass between Iles Cani and Cap Zebib, and continue to a position at least 3
miles N of Cap Bon. Vessels bound for Valletta steer from the latter position to pass 2 miles N of Punta Spadillo, on Isola di
Pantelleria, then pass about 2 miles N of the island of Gozo, and then proceed to destination, taking care to avoid Secca il
Baida (Bells Bank).
Vessels bound for Tarabulus round the Cap Bon at a distance of at least 3 miles and proceed direct to destination.
Vessels bound for Al Iskandariyah (Alexandria) steer a great circle course from 2 miles N of Punta Spadillo to
destination.
Vessels bound for Bur Said steer a great circle course from Cap Bon to a position about 15 miles NNE of Damietta Light
and then proceed to destination as directly as safe navigation permits.
Bur Said, Al Iskandariyah, Tarabulus, and Valletta to the Strait of Gibraltar.—Westbound vessels from Bur Said
proceed to a position about 13 miles NNE of Damietta Light and then steer a great circle course to a position 3 miles N of
Iles Cani, taking care when passing S of Graham Shoal and Pantelleria Bank. From this position, steer a rhumb line course
to a position 5 miles N of Ile de la Galite, then a direct course to a position 5 miles S of Cabo de Gata, and then onward
along the Spanish coast to destination as directed in the Barcelona to the Strait of Gibraltar route.
From Al Iskandariyah, steer a great circle course to the position N of Iles Cani, and then proceed as directed in the above-
mentioned route.
From Tarabulus, steer the reverse of the eastbound route to a position off Cape Bon, then to a position 3 miles N of Iles
Cani, and then to destination as directed in the route from Bur Said.
From Valletta steer the reverse of the eastbound route as far as Punta Spadillo, then steer to a position 3 miles N of Iles
Cani, and continue W as directed in the route from Bur Said.
Pub. 140
3. The Strait of Gibraltar to ports in the Adriatic Sea via Stretto di Messina or S of Sicilia (Sicily).
Vessels bound for ports in the Adriatic Sea have the choice of two routes. The principal route through the Stretto di
Messina is about 25 miles shorter than the route S of Sicilia; however, the current is favorably stronger along the North
African coast and in the Strait of Sicily than along the route N of Sicilia and through the Stretto di Messina.
Via the Stretto di Messina.—Follow the eastbound route to Messina as far as the Stretto di Messina. Pass through the
Stretto di Messina as directly as prudent navigation permits, having due regard for the existing tidal currents, then round
Cape dell' Armi at a distance of about 2 miles, and steer to a position 2.5 miles S of Capo Spartivento. From the latter
position steer to a position about 4 miles SE of Capo Santa Maria di Leuca and then to a position about 2 miles E of Capo
d'Otranto. Then proceed N about 12 miles and then steer a direct course to Venezia, giving the coast a berth of at least 5
miles as far as Brindisi.
Vessels bound to Trieste depart from the track leading to Venezia at a position about 4 miles WSW of Otocic Jabuka, then
steer to a position about 6 miles WSW of Rovinj, proceeding N, and after rounding Punta Salvore at a distance of 1.5 miles,
enter the Gulf of Trieste and proceed to destination.
Via S of Sicilia.—Follow the Strait of Gibraltar to Bur Said eastbound route as far as Cap Bon and then steer to a
position about 3 miles S of Capo delle Correnti. Then steer to a position about 3 miles SSE of Capo Passero and then steer
to a position about 4, miles SE of Capo Santa Maria di Leuca. From the latter position proceed to destination as directed in
the above-mentioned route.
Caution.—Navigation in the Gulf of Trieste within coastal waters of Slovenia is limited to vessels with maximum draft
of 14m and maximum speed of 10 knots.
Large tankers (over 20,000 gt), with drafts greater than 15m and speeds greater than 12 knots should remain at a distance
of at least 2 miles outside the route from Rt Savudrija to Luker Koper Anchorage.
Venezia, Trieste, and Adriatic Sea ports to the Strait of Gibraltar.—Proceed in reverse of the Via the Stretto di
Messina route and then proceed to destination as directed in the route from Messina.
4. The Strait of Gibraltar to ports in the Aegean Sea and the Dardanelles.
Follow the Strait of Gibraltar to the Adriatic Sea (via S of Sicilia) route as far as the position S of Capo delle Correnti.
Then steer to a position 1 mile S of Akra Tainaron and pass through Dhiekpious Elafonisou to a position off Akra Males.
From the latter position, if bound for Piraievs, pass to the W of Nisos Parapola, then steer 1.5 miles E of Akra Zourva and
then shape a course to the destination.
The currents in the vicinity of Nisos Parapola are often strong and the set is uncertain; caution is necessary during thick
weather.
Vessels bound for Thessalonki, Izmir, and the Dardanelles proceed from off Akra Malea through Porthomos Keas and
Porthmos Kafireos to a position about 2 miles NW of Akra Fassa. If bound for Thessaloniki, round Akra Kafirevs, then pass
close W of Nisos Prasoudha, taking care to avoid Nisos Glaros (at night, it is recommended to pass E of Nisos Prasoudha),
and then steer for the entrance of Porthmos Skopelou between Nisos Skopelos and Nisos Skiathos. After passing through
Porthmos Skopelou, proceed NW into Thermaikos Kolpos to a position about 4 miles WSW of Akra Epanomi. Then
proceed N to the entrance of Kolpos Thesssalonikis and steer to destination as directly as safe navigation permits, giving
due regard to the charted dangers.
Some navigators prefer to make passage through Nisoi Voriai Sporadhes by using Prthmos Ilioddhromias, between Nisos
Iliodhromia and Nisos Skopelos, as the distance is several miles shorter, but the channel is narrow and the two islets located
in it constitute a danger at night.
If bound for Izmir, vessels depart from the route to Thessaloniki at the position off Akra Fassa and then steer to pass
about midway between Nisos Psara and Nisos Khios to a position about 2 miles NW of Akra Milaina. Then steer northward
of Nisos Khios and the peninsula of Karaburun and enter Izmir Korfezi. Pass to the E of Uzun Ada and proceed to
destination.
Vessels bound for Izmir sometimes proceed via Khios Strait. A course is steered from Akra Malea to a position 2 miles
SE of Nisos Serifors, giving due regard to the strong and uncertain currents in the vicinity of Nisos Falkonera. Then steer to
a position in Porthmos Mikonou between Nisos Mikonos and Nisos Tinos; then steer to a position about 2 miles SE of
Nisos Venetiko, off the S extremity of Nisos Khios. Enter Khios Strait by passing close W of Ferner Ada, then pass through
Egri-Liman Channel, on the E side of Nisoi Oinousai, and round the peninsula of Karaburun to the entrance of Izmir
Korfezi. Proceed to destination as directed in the above-mentioned route.
There is no difference in distance between the latter two routes. The route via Khios Strait has the advantage of avoiding
the strong adverse current encountered in Porthmos Keas and Porthmos Kafireos as well as having, during S winds, a
favorable current in the strait. However, caution must be used when navigating in the vicinity of Nisoi Oinousai as the
charted soundings in this area are not in sufficient detail.
Pub. 140
Vessels bound for the Dardanelles continue NE from the position NW of Akra Fassa to a position about 4 miles WNW of
Presa Adalari. Then a course is laid to the entrance of the Dardanelles. The outflow of water from the Dardanelles forms
strong currents setting to the W and SW in the approaches of the Dardanelles. Great care must be taken when navigating in
this vicinity.
Piraievs, Thessalonki, Izmir, and the Dardanelles to the Strait of Gibraltar.—Proceed in reverse of the eastbound
route (in the case of Izmir, N of Nisos Khios) to a position S of Akra Tainaron. Then steer to a position about 65 miles SSW
of Capo delle Correnti, where the westbound track from Bur Said is joined, and continue W as directed in the route from
Bur Said.
5. The Strait of Gibraltar to ports in the S coast of Turkey, Lebanon, and Israel.
Vessels bound to any of these ports have a common track as far as 3 miles S of Capo delle Correnti as directed in the
Strait of Gibraltar to the Adriatic Sea (via S of Sicilia) route.
The Strait of Gibraltar to Iskenderun.—Proceed from the position off Capo delle Correnti to 3 miles S of Nisos Avgo
in Dhiekplous Kithiron. Continue E to a position 2.5 miles N of Nisos Saria, passing between Nisos Karavonisia and Nisos
Avgo in the E part of Kritikon Pelagos. Steer through Stenon Karpathou to a position 5 miles SSW of Prasonisi, Nisos
Rodhos, then proceed E to pass a position 5 miles S of Anamur Bumu, and then continue E to Iskenderun Korfezi and
destination.
Iskenderun to the Strait of Gibraltar.—Proceed in reverse of the eastbound route to a position S of Nisos Avgo, then
steer to a position about 6.5 miles SSW of Capo delle Correnti, where the westbound track from Bur Said to the Strait of
Gibraltar is joined. Then continue to destination as directed in the route from Bur Said.
The Strait of Gibraltar to Bayrut (Beirut).—Steer from the position 3 miles S of Capo delle Correnti to a position 2
miles N of Akra Spatha (Crete) and then steer E to a position 2.5 miles N of Nisos Paximadha. From the latter position,
steer a direct course to the approaches of Bayrut, passing through Kaso Strait and about 2.5 miles S of Nisos Kasos.
Bayrut (Beirut) to the Strait of Gibraltar.—Proceed in reverse of the Strait of Gibraltar to Bayrut (Beirut) route to a
position N of Akra Spatha, then steer to a position about 6.5 miles SSW of Capo delle Correnti, and then proceed to
destination as directed in the Strait of Gibraltar to Iskenderun route.
The Strait of Gibraltar to Tel Aviv-Yavo.—Steer a direct rhumb line course from the position S of Capo delle Correnti
to destination, passing S of Nisos Gavdhos.
Tel Aviv-Yafo to the Strait of Gibraltar.—Steer a rhumb line course to a position about 6.5 miles SSW of Capo delle
Correnti, then proceed to destination as directed in the Iskenderun to the Strait of Gibraltar route.
6. Spanish and French ports to the Aegean Sea area and Bur Said (Port Said).
The route from Barcelona passes S of Sicilia; the route from Marseille passes through the Stretto di Messina.
Barcelona to Bur Said and the Aegean Sea.—After clearing the harbor, steer a direct course to pass 4 miles S of Isla
Toro, off the S coast of Sardegna, and then proceed to a position about 7 miles SSE of Capo Spartivento. From the latter
position, steer to pass N of Keith Reef and Sylvia Knoll to a position 9 miles SSW of Capo Granitola, having due regard for
the currents in the Strait of Sicily. Follow the S coast of Sicilia to a position 9 miles SSW of Capo delle Correnti, then steer
a great circle course to a position 13 miles NNE of Damietta Light, and then proceed to destination. If bound for ports in the
Aegean Sea, follow the S coast of Sicilia to a position 3 miles S of Capo delle Correnti and continue E as directed in the
Strait of Gibraltar to the Aegean Sea route.
Bur Said and the Aegean Sea to Barcelona.—Proceed as directed on the westbound tracks from the respective ports to
a position S of Capo delle Correnti, then proceed direct to a position 9 miles SSW of Capo Granitola, and continue to
destination in reverse of the directions in the Barcelona to Bur Said and the Aegean Sea route.
Pub. 140
Marseille to ports in the Aegean Sea and Bur Said.—This route passes through the Strait of Bonifacio. After leaving
the approaches of the harbor, proceed between Ile du Planier and Ile Maire to a position about 2 miles W of He Riou, then
steer to a position about 3 miles S of Les Moines, off the S coast of Corse (Corsica). Steer as directly as safe navigation
permits through the Strait of Bonifacio via Bocca Grande Channel to a position 1.5 miles NE of Isla La Presa. Then proceed
directly to the Stretto di Messina, passing between Isola Panaria and Isola Salina. Utmost caution must be taken to avoid
Secca del Capo (an 8.2m shoal) in approaching Isola Panaria. Pass through the Stretto di Messina, having due regard for the
strong tidal currents, to a position 3 miles S of Capo dell' Armi. From the latter position, if bound for ports in the Aegean
Sea, steer directly to a position 1 mile S of Akra Tainaron, and proceed to respective destinations as directed in the
Barcelona to Bur Said and the Aegean Sea route.
If bound for Bur Said, depart from the above-mentioned track off Capo dell' Armi and steer a rhumb line course to a
position 13 miles NNE of Damietta Light, passing S of Nisos Gavdhos, and then to destination.
7. Ports in the Adriatic Sea to the Aegean Sea via Dhiorix Karinthou or Dhiekplous Elajonisonn-Stretto di Messina
to ports in the Aegean Sea via Dhiorix Korinthou.
Vessels that are able to transit Dhiorix Korinthou (Corinth Canal), will save a substantial distance by navigating the canal
route from ports in the Adriatic Sea, or Stretto di Messina and ports N and W to ports in the Aegean Sea and Black Sea.
The Adriatic Sea through Dhiorix Korinthou (Corinth Canal).—After passing the Strait of Otranto to a position off
Capo d'Otranto, continue S to a position about 1.5 miles SW of Akra Doukaton, Nisos Levkas. Pass between Nisos Levkas
and Nisos Kefallinia, then N and E of Nisos Ithaki to a position 1.5 miles SW of Nisos Oxia, and then proceed through
Patraikos Kolpos and Korinthiakos Kolpos and enter Ormos Korinthou. After making the canal transit, vessels bound for
Piraievs pass close S to Nisos Salamis, taking care to avoid the reported shoal water off Akra Kokhi, and then to destination.
Vessels bound for Thessaloniki, Izmir, and the Dardanelles pass between Nisos Salamis and Nisidhes Eleousai and enter
Saronikos Kolpos. Then steer SE to the S approaches of Porthmos Keas, passing S of Nisos Fleves and Nisis Patroklou, and
join the eastbound track from the Strait of Gibraltar to respective destination.
The Adriatic Sea to Aegean Sea ports via Dhiekplous Elafonisou (Corinth Canal).—Proceed SSE from a position off
Capo d'Otranto to a position 6.5 miles WSW of Akra Yerogombos, Nisis Kvelling. Then continue SSE to a position 5 miles
SW of Nisos Sapientza, passing E of Nisidhes Strofadhes, and then steer to a position about 1 mile S of Akra Tainaron.
From the latter position, proceed to respective destination as directed in the eastbound route from the Strait of Gibraltar.
When approaching Akra Tainaron care must be taken not to come too close to Nisos Karavi.
The Stretto di Messina to the Aegean Sea via Dhiorix Korinthou (Corinth Canal).—Upon arriving at a position 2.5
miles S of Capo Spartivento, steer to a position about 2 miles N of Akra Skinari, Nisos Zakinthos. Then proceed NE to a
position about 1. miles N of Akra Papas, where the canal route from the Adriatic Sea ports is joined. Continue to respective
destination as directed in the route from the Adriatic Sea through Dhiorix Korinthou (Corinth Canal) route. Kakava Shoal,
off the SE extremity of Nisos Kefallinia, should be given to a wide berth when rounding Akra Mounda.
The Adriatic Sea to the Aegean Sea via Dhiekplous Elafonisou.—From a position 3 miles S of Capo dell' Armi, steer
a course to a position 1 mile S of Akra Tainaron, and proceed to destination as directed in the eastbound route from the
Strait of Gibraltar.
8. Bur Said to ports in the Aegean Sea and the Dardanelles.

Bur Said (Port Said) to Piraievs.—After arriving at a position 13 miles NNE of Damietta Light, steer to a position about
7 miles NE of Akra Sidheros (Crete), via Kaso Strait, then continue NW between Niso Kristina and Nisos Folegandros.
From the latter position, pass about 2 miles E of Nisos Poliaigos and steer to a position 2 miles W of Nisos Fleves, passing
SW of Nisos Serifos and Nisos Kithnos and N of Nisos Ayios Yeoryios, and then steer to destination.
Navigators are advised to give due consideration to the strong S and SW set in the vicinity of Porthmos Serifou, Porthmos
Kithnou, and Porthmos Keas.
Bur Said (Port Said) to Thessaloniki and the Dardanelles.—This route passes through Stenson Karpathou. From a
position 13 miles NNE of Damietta Light, steer a rhumb line course to a position 3 miles ENE of Niso Liadhoi, passing
about 11.5 miles SW of Prasonisi and about 8 miles SW of Nisis Antileousa. Vessels bound for the Dardanelles steer to pass
3 miles WSW of Akra Papas, Nisos Ikaria, 3 miles E of Nisos Psara, 4 miles W of Nisos Sigri, and then to a position 3 miles
W of Bozca Ada. Then proceed N, and, taking care to avoid the foul ground in the vicinity of Bozea Ada and Presa Adalari,
enter the Dardanelles as directly as safe navigation permits.
Vessels bound for Thessaloniki depart from the Bur Said-Dardanelles route 3 miles ENE of Nisos Prasoudha and then
proceed to destination as directed in the eastbound route from the Strait of Gibraltar. The latter route passes within a few
miles of the islets of Melantioi and Nisos Khtapodhia, which have no lights on them. When navigating in this vicinity at
night utmost caution must be taken.
Pub. 140
437
MEXICO

Buoyage System 437
Firing Areas 438 Many lights have been reported as extinguished, damaged,
Fishing Areas 438 destroyed, irregular, or unreliable.
Government 438
Industries 439
Languages 439 The following IMO-approved Areas to be Avoided are in ef-
Navigational Information 439 fect:
Offshore Drilling 439 1. Cayo Arcas—Vessels not involved in oil-related activ-
Pilotage 439 ities in the port of Cayo Arcas are to avoid the area bounded
Regulations 439 by lines joining the following positions:
Routes 440 a. 20°08'32.4''N, 92°00'34.8''W.
Search and Rescue 440 b. 20°08'32.4''N, 91°56'40.2''W.
Signals 440 c. 20°10'14.4''N, 91°56'40.2''W.
Time Zone 440 d. 20°12'39.0''N, 91°59'36.0''W.
Traffic Separation Schemes 440 e. 20°12'39.0''N, 92°00'34.8''W.
U.S. Embassy 440 2. Gulf of Campeche—Vessels not involved in oil-relat-
Vessel Traffic Service 441 ed activities in the Gulf of Campeche are to avoid the area
General a. 19°05'21.0''N, 92°23'27.6''W.
b. 19°08'00.0''N, 92°12'48.0''W.
Mexico is located in Central America and borders the U.S. to c. 19°12'05.4''N, 92°03'24.0''W.
the N and Belize and Guatemala to the S. The Caribbean Sea d. 19°17'30.0''N, 91°56'24.0''W.
and Gulf of Mexico are the bodies of water to its E and the e. 19°30'30.0''N, 91°56'24.0''W.
North Pacific Ocean lies to its W. f. 19°36'18.0''N, 92°04'00.0''W.
The climate in the N is arid to semi-arid; this section of the g. 19°42'12.0''N, 92°04'00.0''W.
country tends to experience extremes in temperature. The S h. 19°42'12.0''N, 92°06'12.0''W.
portion of Mexico and the Yucatan Peninsula have tropical cli- i. 19°37'30.0''N, 92°06'12.0''W.
mates and are generally humid. j. 19°37'30.0''N, 92°18'39.0''W.
The terrain is high, rugged mountains, low coastal plains, k. 19°16'12.0''N, 92°23'57.0''W.
with high plateaus, and desert. l. 19°07'05.4''N, 92°25'01.2''W.
Pub. 140
438 Mexico
3. Rebombeo Oil Field—Vessels not involved in oil-re- a. 18°52.3'N, 95°05.8'W.
lated activities in the Rebombeo Oil Field are to avoid the ar- b. 18°40.2'N, 95°42.5'W.
ea bounded by lines joining the following positions: c. 18°32.2'N, 95°47.5'W.
a. 18°56'48.0''N, 92°43'48.0''W. d. 18°42.2'N, 95°10.0'W.
b. 18°51'48.0''N, 92°37'18.0''W.
c. 18°53'05.4''N, 92°33'16.2''W. North of Cayo Arenas.—Area bounded by lines joining the
d. 18°58'48.0''N, 92°37'36.0''W. following positions:
4. May Oil Field—Vessels not involved in oil-related ac- a. 22°20.0'N, 91°34.5'W.
tivities in the May Oil Field are to avoid the area bounded by b. 22°20.0'N, 91°16.0'W.
lines joining the following positions: c. 22°10.0'N, 91°16.0'W.
a. 18°42'36.0''N, 92°37'06.0''W. d. 22°10.0'N, 91°34.0'W.
b. 18°41'51.0''N, 92°34'06.0''W.
c. 18°42'30.0''N, 92°33'42.0''W. Fishing Areas
d. 18°44'00.0''N, 92°36'06.0''W.
5. Dos Bocas—Vessels not involved in crude oil-loading The coastal areas on the Caribbean Sea coast are extensively
and export operations in the loading buoy area in the port of fished by local vessels working out of small harbors and rivers.
Dos Bocas are to avoid the area bounded by lines joining the The Gulf of Mexico is a rich fishing ground; fishing vessels
following positions: may be encountered at any time. Large numbers of shrimp
a. 18°36'30.0''N, 93°12'06.0''W. boats may be found between Campeche (19°50'N., 90°30'W.)
b. 18°36'30.0''N, 93°08'42.0''W. and Ciudad del Carmen (18°39'N., 91°51'W.).
c. 18°38'42.0''N, 93°08'42.0''W.
d. 18°38'42.0''N, 93°12'06.0''W. Government
6. In the Approaches to the Port of Veracruz.—To pro-
tect the national park from the risk of pollution, which may
be caused by the grounding of ships in the area, all ships of
over 500 gross tons and ships of less than 500 gross tons car-
rying oil, chemical, toxic, or nuclear waste, should avoid the
area bounded by the coast and lines joining the following po-
sitions:
a. 19°03'24.0''N, 96°02'02.4''W. (coast)
b. 19°05'48.0''N, 96°02'02.4''W.
c. 19°10'54.0''N, 95°53'25.8''W.
d. 19°10'54.0''N, 95°46'36.0''W.
e. 19°02'12.0''N, 95°46'36.0''W.
f. 19°02'12.0''N, 95°58'06.0''W. (coast)
7. In the Access routes to the Ports of Matanzas and Flag of Mexico
Cardenas.—All ships of over 150 gross tons should avoid
the area bounded by the coast and lines joining the following Mexico is a constitutional republic. The country is divided
positions: into 31 states and a federal district.
a. 23°05.6'N, 81°28.5'W. (coast) Mexico is governed by a directly-elected President serving a
b. 23°10.6'N, 81°28.5'W. non-renewable 6-year term. The bicameral National Congress
c. 23°19.5'N, 81°11.5'W. consists of a 128-member Senate, 96 of which are directly
d. 23°14.6'N, 81°07.2'W. elected and 32 elected under a system of proportional represen-
e. 23°11.5'N, 81°07.2'W. (coast) tation, serving 6-year terms, and a 500-member Chamber of
Deputies, 300 of which are directly elected from single-mem-
Currency ber districts and 200 elected under a system of proportional
representation, serving 3-year terms.
The official unit of currency is the Mexican peso, consisting The legal system is based on a mixture of U. S. constitutional
of 100 centavos. theory and civil law.
The capital is Mexico City.
Firing Areas
Holidays
North of Punta Jerez.—Area bounded by lines joining the
following positions: The following holidays are observed:
a. 23°30.0'N, 97°42.5'W.
b. 23°30.0'N, 97°32.5'W.
c. 23°00.0'N, 97°32.5'W. January 1 New Year’s Day
d. 23°00.0'N, 97°42.5'W. February 5 * Constitution Day
Vicinity of Roca Portida and Punta Zapotitlan.—Area March 21 * Benito Juarez’s Birthday
bounded by lines joining the following positions: Holy Thursday Variable
Pub. 140
Mexico 439
Good Friday Variable Continental Shelf 200 miles or the Continen-

tal Margin.
* Claims straight baselines. No more than three foreign
May 1 Labor Day
warships will be authorized in Mexican ports on each
May 5 Battle of Pueblo (Cinco coast at the same time; no more than one will be in any
de Mayo) given port. Port calls by more than one training vessel can
May 10 Mother’s Day be authorized only if permission is requested 3 months in
advance. Nuclear-powered and nuclear-armed ships are
September 1 State of the Nation not allowed to enter Mexican territorial waters or dock in
Address Mexican ports.
October 12 Columbus Day (Dia de Offshore Drilling
la Raza)
Numerous structures, usually lit, along with pipelines, sub-
November 2 All Souls’ Day merged obstructions, and wrecks, are located throughout the
Gulf of Mexico, usually within the 200m curve. These features
November 20 * Revolution Day
may best be seen on the chart.
December 12 Virgin of Guadalupe Day Offshore oil and gas fields, as well as other petroleum indus-
December 25 Christmas Day try infrastructure, are located, as follows:
1. Oil and gas fields extend over a wide area in the S part
* In accordance with Mexican law, these holidays of the Bahia de Campeche from Cayo Arcas (20°12'N.,
always observed on Monday. 91°58'W.) and Punta del Tgre (18°47'N., 91°31'W.) in the S
and to Coatzacoalcos (18°08'N., 94°25'W.) in the W.
2. Offshore oil fields, including mobile drilling rigs, plat-
Industries forms, and structures, extend from Barra de Tuplico
(18°27'N., 93°25'W.) to a position NE of the Rio Tonala
The main industries are tourism, tobacco, food and beverage (18°13'N., 94°07'W.).
production, iron and steel, petroleum, textiles, clothing, chemi- 3. Offshore oil fields, including mobile drilling rigs, plat-
cals, mining, consumer durables, and motor vehicles. forms, and structures, extend from E of Tecolutta (20°29'N.,
The main exports are manufactured goods, oil and oil prod- 97°01'W.) 73 miles NW to Cabo Rojo (21°34'N., 97°20'W.).
ucts, silver, fruits and vegetables, coffee, and cotton. The main 4. Tampica Offshore Oil Field (22°15'N., 97°31'W.) con-
export-trading partner is the United States. sists of three production platforms, as well as submerged
The main imports are metalworking machinery, steel mill pipelines and associated oil field structures.
products, agricultural machinery, electrical equipment, car
parts for assembly, repair parts for motor vehicles, and aircraft Pilotage
and aircraft parts. The main import-trading partners are the
United States and China. Pilotage is compulsory for all vessels of 500 tons or more en-
tering or departing a port in Mexico.
Languages Regulations
Spanish is the official language, but many dialects of Mayan The vessel’s ETA should be given with as much notice as
are spoken. possible. The ETD should be given at least 6 hours before sail-
ing.
Navigational Information All vessels will be boarded on arrival by a Health Officer, the
Port Captain, and a Customs Officer.
Enroute Volumes The maritime authorities require the following information
Pub. 148, Sailing Directions (Enroute) Caribbean Sea Vol- upon arrival:
ume 2. 1. Last port clearance.
Pub. 153, Sailing Directions (Enroute) West Coasts of Mexi- 2. Passenger list (stamped with a visa by a Mexican Con-
co and Central America. sulate or Embassy).
3. Crew list (stamped with a visa by a Mexican Consulate
Maritime Claims or Embassy).
The maritime territorial claims of Mexico are, as follows: 4. Cargo manifest (stamped with a visa by a Mexican
Consulate or Embassy).
Territorial Sea * 12 miles. 5. Deck log book.
Contiguous Zone 24 miles. 6. Customs manifest.
On departure, vessels must submit:
Fisheries or Economic 200 miles. 1. Request for clearance.
Zone 2. List of passengers embarked.
Pub. 140
440 Mexico
3. Crew list and Articles of Agreement. 52-783-3814777
4. Stores list. b. E-mail: [email protected]
2. MRCC Carmen
Protected Areas a. Telephone: 52-938-3821931
Areas, protected by Presidential Decree, are established 52-938-3820424
along the coast of the State of Jalisco (20°00'N., 105°00'W.), 52-938-3821945
within the jurisdiction of Naval Zone XII, at Los Arcos, Playa 52-938-3814777
Mismaloya, Playa Teopa, Playa Cuitzamala, and Playa El Tec- b. E-mail: [email protected]
uan, and in the waters of the coasts and estuaries in their vicin- 3. MRCC Mujares
ity. In these areas, the following is prohibited: a. Telephone: 52-998-8771306
1. Collection, or disturbance, of flora and fauna, on both 52-998-8770196
land and sea. 52-998-8770186
2. Anchoring. b. Facsimile: 52-998-8770194
3. Dumping of hydrocarbons, oil derivatives, and refuse. c. E-mail: [email protected]
4. Fishing. The following coast radio stations maintain a continuous lis-
tening watch on international distress frequencies:
Routes 1. Isla Cozumel (XFC).
2. Chetumal (XFP).
IMO-recommended two-way routes in Mexico are located, 3. Tampico (XFS).
as follows: 4. Veracruz (XFU).
1. Isla del Carmen—Four routes, designated 1 through 4, 5. Coatzacoalcos (XFF).
lying W through NNW of the island. 6. Ciudad del Carmen (XFB).
2. Dos Bocas—Three routes extending NE from Dos Bo- 7. Cancun (XFO).
cas, as follows 8. Radiomex (XDA).
a. From Dos Bocas to the Precautionary Area at the W
end of Isla de Carmen Two-way Route 4. Signals
b. From the Precautionary Area at the W end of Isla de
Carmen Two-way Route 4 to the At the Rebombao Oil When bad weather is imminent and may affect port opera-
Field Area to be Avoided. tions, the following signals are displayed from a flagstaff,
c. From the At the Rebombao Oil Field Area to be painted in red and white bands, in the port:
Avoided to the In the Gulf of Campeche Area to be Avoid- 1. Red square flag—Port closed due to bad weather.
ed. 2. Blue square flag—Port will be open only for the fol-
3. Cayo Arcas, including the offshore tankers—Five rout- lowing 24 hours.
ing systems, including a total of nine two-way routes, best 3. Yellow square flag—Port will be open only for the fol-
seen on the chart. lowing 48 hours.
Search and Rescue Time Zone

The Mexican Navy is responsible for coordinating search Mexico is covered by several time zones. Information is giv-
and rescue operations within the Exclusive Economic Zone of en in the accompanying table titled Mexico—Time Zones.
Mexico in the Gulf of Mexico and the Caribbean Sea. The
Maritime Rescue Coordination Center (MRCC) Tampico, Traffic Separation Schemes
which is the Regional Control Center covering this area, can be
contacted, as follows: Traffic Separation Schemes are located on the E coast of
1. Telephone: 52-833-2107205 Mexico, as follows:
52-833-2107206 1. Veracruz. (IMO adopted)
52-833-2107207 2. Approaches to Tampico. (Government of Mexico)
52-833-2107209
52-833-2107210 U.S. Embassy
2. Facsimile: 52-833-2107208
3. E-mail: [email protected] The U.S. Embassy is situated at Paseo de la Reforma 305,
Three Maritime Rescue Coordination Centers (MRCC) lo- Colonia Cuauhtemoc, Mexico City.
cated in the Regional Control Center coverage area can be con- The mailing addresses are, as follows:
tacted, as follows: 1. Mexico address—
1. MRCC Tuxpan Paseo de la Reforma 305
a. Telephone: 52-783-8370720 Colonia Cuauhtemoc
52-783-8370709 06500 Mexico, D. F.
52-783-8370810 2. U.S. address—
52-783-8370713 P.O. Box 9000
Pub. 140
Mexico 441
Brownsville, TX (78520-9000) ume 2.

Vessel Traffic Services operate, as follows:
U. S. Embassy Mexico Home Page 1. Manzanillo de Colima (19°04'N., 104°19'W.). 1
http://mx.usembassy.gov 2. Salina Cruz (16°10'N., 95°12'W.). 1
3. Altamira (22°29'N., 97°52'W.). 2
4. Lazaro Cardenas (17°56'N., 102°11'W.). 2
Vessel Traffic Service 5. Vera Cruz (19°12'N., 96°07'W.). 2
1 For further information, see Pub. 153, Sailing Directions
A Maritime Traffic Control System is in operation in the Bay (Enroute) West Coasts of Mexico and Central America.
of Campeche (19°23'N., 92°27'W.). For further information, 2 For further information, see Pub. 148, Sailing Directions
see Pub. 148, Sailing Directions (Enroute) Caribbean Sea, Vol- (Enroute) Caribbean Sea, Volume 2.
Mexico—Time Zones
Location Standard Time Daylight Savings Time
ROMEO (+5)
All states except those listed Maintained from the first Sunday in
SIERRA (+6)
below April until the last Sunday in Octo-
ber.
Quintana Roo ROMEO (+5) Not observed.
SIERRA (+6)
Baja California Sur, Nayarit, Maintained from the first Sunday in
TANGO (+7)
Sinaloa, and Chichuahua April until the last Sunday in Octo-
ber.
TANGO (+7)
Maintained from the first Sunday in
Baja California Norte UNIFORM (+8)
April until the last Sunday in Octo-
ber.
Sonora TANGO (+7) Not observed.
Pub. 140
443
MONACO

Buoyage System 443
Currency 443 The official unit of currency is the Euro, consisting of 100
Government 443 cents.
Holidays 444
Industries 444
Languages 444 Government
Time Zone 444
U.S. Embassy 444
General
The principality of Monaco is located in Western Europe on
the Mediterranean Sea and borders France.
The climate is Mediterranean with mild, wet, winters and
hot, dry summers.
Monaco consists of four quarters, as follows:
1. Monaco-Ville, the capital, situated on a rocky head-
land. Flag of Monaco
2. La Condamine, the business district.
3. Monte Carlo, the N section. Monaco is a constitutional monarchy.
4. Fontvieille, the industrial area in La Condamine. Prince Albert II is the Head of State. The Prince appoints a
Monaco is the site of the International Hydrographic Bureau. Minister of State. The unicameral National Council consists of
24 members serving 5-year terms; 16 members are elected by a
list-majority system, while 8 members are elected on the basis
Buoyage System of proportional representation.
The IALA Buoyage System (Region A) is in effect. See The legal system is based on French law.
Chart No. 1 for further IALA Buoyage System information. The capital is Monaco.
Pub. 140
444 Monaco
Holidays nean.
The following holidays are observed: Maritime Claims

The maritime territorial claims of Monoco are, as follows:
January 26-27 Sainte-Devote Days
Fisheries Zone * 12 miles.
Shrove Tuesday Variable
* Claims waters within defined geographical coordinates
Mi-Careme Variable
not related to distance from the coastline.
Easter Monday Variable The Monaco Maritime Police Headquarters, equipped with
terrestrial radio facilities, is the location of a listening post for
May 1 Labor Day
MRCC La Garde and can be contacted, as follows:
Ascension Day Variable 1. Telephone: 377-93-153016
Whitsunday Variable 2. Facsimile: 377-93-302245
Whitmonday Variable An agreement on cooperation in search and rescue opera-
Corpus Christi Variable tions has been established with France.
November 1 All Saints’ Day Time Zone
November 18-19 National Days The Time Zone description is ALFA (-1). Daylight Savings
December 8 Immaculate Conception Time (BRAVO (-2)) is maintained from the last Sunday in
March until the last Sunday in October.
December 24 Christmas Eve
U.S. Embassy
There is no embassy in Monaco; however, the U.S. Ambass-
Industries ador to France is accredited to Monaco.
The U.S. Embassy in France is situated at 2 Avenue Gabriel,
The main industries are banking, insurance, tourism, con- Paris.
struction, and small-scale industrial and consumer products. The mailing addresses are, as follows:
1. France address—
Languages 2 Avenue Gabriel
75382 Paris CEDEX 08
French is the official language. English, Italian, and Mone- 2. U. S. address—
gasque are also spoken. PSC 116
APO AE (09777)
U. S. Embassy France Home Page
Enroute Volume http://fr.usembassy.gov
Pub. 140
445
MONTENEGRO
General 445 es, is backed by the high mountains of the Dinaric Alps.
Buoyage System 445
Currency 446
Industries 446
Pollution 446 Lights on Naval Vessels
Pilotage 446 In addition to their normal navigation lights, vessels of the
Regulations 447 navy of Montenegro operating in company may show fixed or
Search and Rescue 447 flashing red, blue, green, or white lights from their masts; the
Ship Reporting System 447 lights are visible at ranges up to 2 miles all around the horizon.
Time Zone 447
U.S. Embassy 447 Marine Exploitation
Vessels engaged in seismic surveys and other research proj-
General ects may be encountered in the Adriatic Sea, normally inside
the 200m depth curve.
Montenegro is located on the eastern Adriatic Sea. The
country has a short coast line between Bosnia-Herzegovina and Offshore Depths
Albania. Mariners are cautioned that charted depths off the coast of
The climate along the coast is hot and dry in the summer and Montenegro are unreliable, the coastline may differ from that
fall; winters are cold, with heavy snow inland. charted, and certain harbors have been damaged and are unfit
The coast, which is generally high, with steep cliffs in plac- for berthing. Mariners must proceed with caution; they are ad-
Pub. 140
446 Montenegro
vised to keep offshore and contact the port authorities before Languages
entering port.
Montenegran is the official language. Serbian, Bosnia, and
Currency Albanian are also spoken.
The official unit of currency is the Euro. Navigational Information

Government Enroute Volume
nean.
Maritime Claims
The maritime territorial claims of Montenegro are, as fol-
lows:

Zone
Flag of Montenegro
Montenegro is a republic. The country is divided into 23 mu- of Exploitation.
nicipalities. * Claims straight baselines. Requires advance permission
Montenegro is governed by a directly-elected President who or notification for innocent passage of warships in the
serves a 5-year term. The president names the Prime Minister, territorial sea.
who is approved by the Assembly. The unicameral Assembly
consists of 81 directly-elected members serving 4-year terms.
The legal system is based on civil law. Internet Maritime Safety Information
The capital is Cetinje, although the administrative capital is Navigational warnings are available, in English and Monteg-
Podgorica. rin, from the Maritime Safety Department of Montenegro
(http://www.pomorsvo.me/en).
Holidays Pilotage
The following holidays are observed: Pilotage is compulsory for all vessels over 500 gross tons
and for all vessels carrying dangerous chemical or combustible
substances while proceeding between ports in Montenegro and
while within the coastal waters of Montenegro.
January 6 Orthodox Christmas
Eve Pollution
January 7-8 Orthodox Christmas
Orthodox Good Friday Variable waters of Montenegro should be reported to the nearest harbor-
Orthodox Easter Sunday Variable master’s office.
Vessels bound for a port in Montenegro or navigating in the
Orthodox Easter Monday Variable territorial waters of Montenegro should forward any reports of
April 27 Constitution Day pollution to Bar Radio Coast Radio Station (4OB), which can
be contacted, as follows:
May 1 May Day 1. Telephone: 382-30-313088
November 29 Republic Day 2. Facsimile: 382-30-313600
[email protected]
Industries The preferred contact language is English.
The main industries are steel making, aluminum, agricultural
processing, consumer goods, and tourism. MARPOL Special Area
The main export-trading partners are Croatia, Serbia, and The Mediterranean Sea has been designated as a MARPOL
Slovenia. Special Area. MARPOL Special Areas are sea areas where
The main import-trading partners are Serbia, Greece, and special mandatory methods for the prevention of oil pollution
China. in the sea have been adopted.
Pub. 140
Montenegro 447
Further information can be found in North Atlantic VHF channel 16, and VHF channel 70.
Regulations
The Adriatic Ship Reporting System (ADRIREP), a manda-
ETA Messages tory system for certain vessels, is in effect for the Adriatic Sea
All vessels calling at harbors in Montenegro should send N of latitude 40°25'N. For further information, see Italy—Ship
their ETA 48 hours and 24 hours prior to arrival through any Reporting System.
coast radio station in Montenegro.
Time Zone
Search and Rescue
The Time Zone description is ALFA (-1). Daylight Savings
The harbormaster’s offices in Bar and Kotor are responsible Time (BRAVO (-2)) is observed from the last Sunday in March
for distress and safety communications and operations within until the last Sunday in October.
the coastal waters of Montenegro. The Maritime Rescue Coor-
dination Center (MRCC) Bar can be contacted, as follows: U.S. Embassy
1. Telephone: 382-30-313088
2. Facsimile: 382-30-313600 The U.S. Embassy is situated at 2 Dzona Dzeksona, 81000
3. E-mail: [email protected] Podgorica. The mailing address is the same.
[email protected]
The preferred contact language is English. U. S. Embassy Montenegro Home Page
Barradio Coast Radio Station (4OB) maintains a continuous http://podgorica.usembassy.gov
listening watch for distress traffic on 2182 kHz, 2187.5 kHz,
Pub. 140
449
MONTSERRAT
General 449 doned. An exclusion zone extending 2 miles from the coast has
Buoyage System 449 been established between position 16°45.9'N, 62°09.8'W and
Cautions 449 position 16°44.0'N, 62°14.1'W.
Currency 449 The area W of Montserrat is subject to heavy ash falls. The
Government 449 underwater hydrography may differ considerably from that
Holidays 450 charted due to volcanic activity.
Industries 450 Abnormally high seas may be expected S of the island.
Languages 450
Time Zone 450 The official unit of currency is the East Caribbean dollar.
U.S. Embassy 450
Government
General
Montserrat is a volcanic island located near the middle of the
Leeward Islands.
The climate is tropical, with little daily or seasonal variation.
The terrain is mostly mountainous, with a small coastal low-
land.
Buoyage System
Chart No. 1 for further IALA Buoyage System information. Flag of Montserrat
Aids to navigation in Montserrat may be missing or unreli-
able. Montserrat is a dependent overseas territory of the United
Kingdom. The island is divided into three parishes.
Cautions Queen Elizabeth II as its chief of state, with a Governor ap-
pointed by the Queen. The Premier is appointed by the Gover-
Volcanic activity on the island has been continuous since nor. The 11-member unicameral Legislative Council consists
1995. In 1997, the capital was covered with ash and aban- of two appointed members and nine directly-elected members
Pub. 140
450 Montserrat
who serve 5-year terms. Languages
The legal system is based on English common law and statu-
tory law. English is the official language.
The capital is officially Plymouth. However, the city was
abandoned in 1997 due to damage caused by volcanic erup-
tions. Interim government buildings have been built in the Navigational Information
Carr’s Bay/Little Bay area in the NW part of the island.
Enroute Volume
Holidays Pub. 147, Sailing Directions (Enroute) Caribbean Sea Vol-
ume 1.
Maritime Claims
January 1 New Year’s Day The maritime territorial claims of Montserrat are, as follows:
March 17 St. Patrick’s Day
Easter Sunday Variable Zone
First Monday in May Labor Day Search and Rescue
Whitmonday Variable
The Montserrat Marine Police Unit is responsible for coordi-
Second Saturday in June Queen’s Birthday nating search and rescue operations in association with MRCC
First Monday in August August Day Fort de France (Martinique).
December 25 Christmas Day 1. Telephone: 596-596-709292
December 26 Boxing Day 596-596-731616
2. Facsimile: 596-596-632450
December 31 Festival Day 3. E-mail: [email protected]
A continuous listening watch for distress traffic is main-
Industries tained on 7850 kHz and VHF channel 16.
The main industries are tourism, rum, textiles, and electronic

appliances. Time Zone
The main exports are electronic components, plastic bags,
apparel, hot peppers, limes, live plants, and livestock. The main The Time Zone description is QUEBEC (+4). Daylight Sav-
export-trading partners are the United States and Antigua and ings Time is not observed.
Barbuda.
The main imports are machinery and transportation equip-
ment, foodstuffs, manufactured goods, fuels, lubricants, and re- U.S. Embassy
lated materials. The main import-trading partners are the
United States, the United Kingdom, Trinidad and Tobago, Ja- Montserrat is a dependent territory of the United Kingdom.
pan, and Canada. There is no diplomatic representation.
Pub. 140
451
MOROCCO
General 451 cupies a large part of the interior of the country.

Buoyage System 451
Currency 452
Firing Areas 452 The IALA Buoyage System (Region A) is in effect. See
Fishing Areas 452 Chart No. 1 for further IALA Buoyage System information.
Government 452
Industries 453
Languages 453 High Speed Craft
Navigational Information 453 High speed craft operate in the Strait of Gibraltar. Vessels are
Offshore Drilling 453 advised to maintain a good lookout. Some high speed craft can
Pollution 453 generate large waves which can have a serious impact on small
Regulations 453 craft and their moorings close to the shoreline and on shallow
Search and Rescue 454 off-lying banks.
Signals 454 Locust Reports
Submarine Operating Areas 455 See North Atlantic Ocean—Cautions for further informa-
Time Zone 455 tion.
Traffic Separation Schemes 455
U.S. Embassy 455 Magnetic Anomalies
Vessel Traffic Service 455 Local magnetic anomalies are located in the E and W ap-
proaches to the Strait of Gibraltar.
General
Tide Rips
Morocco is located in Northern Africa and borders Algeria In the E approaches to the Strait of Gibraltar, tide rips have
and Western Sahara. The North Atlantic Ocean lies to its W been reported to occur under certain weather conditions during
and the Mediterranean Sea lies to its N. a W current. These tide rips, which have been detected on ra-
The climate is Mediterranean and becomes extreme in the dar, may be up to 4 miles long.
desert interior.
Morocco has varied topography. It is dominated by several Whales
rugged mountain ranges, divided by fertile river valleys. There From April through August, a sperm whales conservation ar-
are extensive lowlands on the W coast. The Sahara Desert oc- ea is in effect in the Strait of Gibraltar. For further information,
Pub. 140
452 Morocco
see Mediterranean Sea—Cautions—Whales. The corners of tunny net areas are marked by buoys topped
by one white ball over one red ball, vertically disposed. The
Currency buoys are moored on the alignment of wooden or iron beacons
on the shore; the beacons are also topped by one white ball
The official unit of currency is the dirham, consisting of 100 over one red ball, vertically disposed.
centimes. The outermost part of the net is marked by a float, with a
mast 5m high, displaying the following signals:
Firing Areas 1. By day—A white ball over a red ball.
2. At night—A white light over a red light.
Atlantic Ocean
Zone Alpha.—A sector with a radius of 20 miles between Tunny Nets—Atlantic Ocean
the bearings of 270° and 000°, centered on position 33°41'N, Tunny nets may be found, as follows:
8°03'W. 1. Between Cap Spartel (35°47'N., 5°55'W.) and Oued
Zone Bravo.—A sector with a radius of 20 miles between Sebou (34°16'N., 6°39'W.)—extending 1 to 2 miles from the
the bearings of 270° and 000°, centered on position 29°53'N, coast.
10°15'W. 2. From Cap de Mohammedia (Cap de Fedala) (33°44'N.,
Zone Delta.—A sector with a radius of 20 miles between the 7°23'W.) to Oued Sebou (34°16'N., 6°41'W.)—up to 7 miles
bearings of 270° and 000°, centered on position 23°35'N, offshore.
17°00'W. 3. Between Cap Rhir (30°38'N., 9°53'W.) and Agadir
Zone Aerora Goulmine.—An air-to-air and air-to-surface (30°25'N., 9°38'W.) from May to November—extending
firing range bounded by a line joining the following positions: 1.75 miles from the coast.
a. 28°46'12.6''N,11°00'57.4''W. The nets are marked, as follows:
b. 29°07'55.8''N,11°28'53.4''W. 1. By day—White or yellow flags displaying the letter M
c. 29°17'52.8''N,11°05'55.2''W. or A are shown on the seaward extremity and the center of
d. 28°50'55.2''N,10°51'00.6''W. the nets.
West of Ad Dakhla—A sector with a radius of 20 miles be- 2. At night—Two green lights, vertically disposed, mark
tween the bearings of 000° and 270°, centered on position the center of the nets while a red light over a green light
23°34'51.6''N, 17°00'07.8''W. marks the seaward end of the nets.
The nets should be given a berth of 3 miles.
Mediterranean Sea
Firing exercises are carried out in a sector with a radius of 20
miles between the bearings of 270° and 000°, centered on posi-
Government
tion 35°22'N, 4°04'W. Morocco is a constitutional monarchy. The country is divid-
Firing exercises are carried out from the coast, for a distance ed into 11 regions. The coastal enclaves of Ceuta and Melilla,
of 2 miles seaward, from N of Melille (35°17'N., 2°56'E.) to in addition to the islands of Penon de Velez de la Gomera, Pe-
Punta Tarquiat (35°21'N., 2°57'E.). non de Alhucemas, and Islas Chafarinas, are under Spanish
sovereignty.
Fishing Areas
General
Fishing vessels may be encountered off the entire coast of
Morocco and Western Sahara, especially 20 miles off the coast
between 22°30'N and 20°45'N.
Fishing vessels also operate off the coast, in depths of not
more than 110m, from early May to the end of December, be-
tween 20 miles N of Ras Cantin (Cap Beddouza) (32°32'N.,
9°17'W.) and Essaouira (31°31'N., 9°46'W.), about 66 miles S
of Ras Cantin.
For information on bluefin tuna fishing in the approaches to
the Strait of Gibraltar, see Mediterranean Sea—Fishing Ar- Flag of Morocco
eas.
For information on fishing in the approaches to Banco del Morocco is governed by a king. The Prime Minister is ap-
Hoyo see Spain—Fishing Areas. pointed by the king. The bicameral Parliament consists of a
Tunny nets may be found up to 7 miles off the coast of Mo- Chamber of Counselors (upper house), composed of 120 mem-
rocco. For general information on tunny fishing, see Spain— bers, appointed by local councils, chambers of commerce, and
Fishing Areas. labor organizations, serving 9-year terms, and a Chamber of
Deputies (lower house), consisting of 395 directly-elected
Tunny Nets—Mediterranean Sea members serving 5-year terms.
Tunny fishing is active from June to October in Ensenada de The legal system is based on Islamic law, French civil law,
la Almadraba (35°53'N., 5°13'W.) and in Ensenada de Cueta and Spanish civil law.
(35°48'N., 5°18'W.). The capital is Rabat.
Pub. 140
Morocco 453
Western Sahara, a former Spanish province, was partitioned Navigational Information

by Morocco and Mauritania in 1976. In 1979, Mauritania with-
drew from the territory and Morocco asserted control of the en- Enroute Volumes
tire area. A liberation movement, Frente Polisario, continues to Pub. 131, Sailing Directions (Enroute) Western Mediterra-
claim the territory. This movement, which consists of Saharawi nean.
guerrillas, has renamed the area the Saharawi Arab Democratic Pub. 143, Sailing Directions (Enroute) West Coast of Europe
Republic. A United Nations-administered cease-fire has been and Northwest Africa.
in effect since 1991. The capital of the territory is El-Aaiun.
The population is Arabic-speaking. Maritime Claims
The maritime territorial claims of Morocco are, as follows:
Holidays
January 1 New Year’s Day Fisheries or Economic 200 miles.
Zone
January 11 Independence
Manifesto Day Continental Shelf Depth of 200m or the Limit
of Exploitation.
May 1 Labor Day
July 30 Feast of the Throne
August 14 Reunification Day Maritime Boundary Disputes
August 20 King’s and People’s Protests Spanish control over the coastal enclaves of Ceuta
Revolution Day and Melilla, as well as the offshore islands of Penon de Velez
de la Gomera, Penon de Alhucemas, and Islas Charfarinas.
August 21 King Mohamed’s Rejected Spain’s 2002 unilateral designation of a median
Birthday (Youth Day) line from the Islas Canarias (Canary Islands) to set limits to un-
November 6 Anniversary of the dersea resource exploration and refugee interdiction. In 2003,
Green March Spain and Morocco agreed to discuss comprehensive maritime
delineations.
November 18 Independence Day
Morocco and Spain both claim jurisdiction over Isla Perejil
(Leila Island) (35°55'N., 5°25'W.).
moon, include Eid Al-Fitr (End of Ramadan), Eid Al-Adha Offshore Drilling
Prophet’s Birthday. Oil rigs have been reported (2012) to be located N and S of
Cap Tarfaya (Cap Juby) (27°57'N., 12°55'W.).
Industries
Pollution
The main industries are agriculture, automotive parts, phos-
phate mining and processing, food processing, leather goods, MARPOL Special Area
textiles, construction, energy, and tourism. The Mediterranean Sea has been designated as a MARPOL
The main exports are clothing, automobiles, electronic com- Special Area. MARPOL Special Areas are sea areas where
ponents, fish, inorganic chemicals, transistors, crude minerals, special mandatory methods for the prevention of oil pollution
fertilizers (including phosphates), petroleum products, fruits, in the sea have been adopted.
and vegetables. The main export trading partners are Spain and Further information can be found in North Atlantic
France. Ocean—Pollution—MARPOL Special Areas.
The main imports are crude oil, textile fabrics, telecommuni-
cations equipment, wheat, gas and electricity, transistors, and Regulations
plastics. The main import-trading partners are Spain, France,
China, the United States, Germany, and Italy. Pollution
Single-hull tankers over 15 years old carrying heavy fuel, bi-
Languages tumen, or other polluting substances may not enter the Exclu-
sive Economic Zone of Morocco without prior permission of
Arabic is the official language. Several Berber dialects are the Directorate of the Moroccan Merchant Marine.
also spoken, particularly in the mountainous regions. Permission must be requested 24 hours in advance; the fol-
French and Spanish are widely used in the urban areas. lowing information should be included in the request:
Pub. 140
454 Morocco
1. Vessel name. Contact information for Maritime Rescue Coordination Cen-
2. Call sign and IMO number. ters (MRCC) and Maritime Rescue Coordination Subcenters
3. Name and address of owner. (MRSC) can be found in the table titled Morocco—Search
4. Name and address of charterer. and Rescue Contact Information.
5. Classification society.
6. Position. Ship Reporting System
7. Last port of loading and destination.
8. Type and quantity of cargo. GIBREP
9. Name of technical management company. GIBREP, a mandatory Vessel Traffic Service, is in operation
in the Strait of Gibraltar, including the TSS and Inshore Traffic
Prohibited areas Zones. The reporting system covers the area between longi-
Morocco prohibits navigating, anchoring, or maritime activi- tudes 5°58'W and 5°15'W. Further information can be found in
ty in an area in an area extending 21 miles from the coast be- Pub. 131, Sailing Directions (Enroute) Western Mediterranean
tween Rabat and Mohammedia and bounded by lines joining (paragraph 1.1).
a. 34°02.2'N,6°50.5'W.
b. 34°15.2'N,7°09.5'W. Signals
c. 34°01.0'N,7°33.0'W.
d. 33°47.3'N,7°15.2W. The following storm signals may be displayed in Moroccan
Navigating and fishing are prohibited until further notice in ports:
an area extending 13 miles from the coast between Agadir
(30°27'N., 9°37'W.) and Punta Guera (20°49'N., 17°06'W.). Day signal Night signal Meaning
A prohibited entry area is bounded by lines joining the fol- Bad weather
lowing positions: Black ball Red light
probable
a. 33°52'36''N,7°02'36''W.
b. 33°54'24''N,7°03'24''W. Two red lights,
Two black balls, ver- Violent gale
c. 33°54'18''N,7°04'12''W. horizontally dis-
tically disposed probable
d. 33°52.21''N,7°03'30''W. posed
Vessels calling at Layounne (27°05'N., 13°26'W.) or Dakhal Wind expect-
Black cylinder No signal
(23°42'N., 15°56'W.) should report their intentions 24 hours in ed to veer
advance. Two black cylinders, Wind expect-
No signal
vertically disposed ed to back
Search and Rescue Dangerous
One black ball over Three green swell, with
The Ocean Fisheries Department of the National Commis- one black triangle, lights, vertically height great-
sion for Coordinating Search and Rescue is responsible for co- point down disposed er than 4m, is
ordinating search and rescue operations. expected
An Ocean Fisheries Department Station at Rabat maintains a
One black ball over One green light,
continuous listening watch on international distress frequen- Very danger-
two black triangles, one red light, one
cies. A Merchant Marine Station and a Coast Radio Station, ous swell ex-
points down, vertical- green light, verti-
both located in Casablanca, maintain a continuous listening pected
ly disposed cally disposed
watch on international distress frequencies.
Morocco—Search and Rescue Contact Information

Mediterranean Coast
212-5-37-625017
MRSC Al 212-5-39-982730
(emergency) [email protected]
Hoceima
212-5-39-982219 212-5-39-982547
Atlantic Coast
212-5-37-625897
MRCC Rabat (emergency) 212-5-37-625017 [email protected]
212-5-37-625877
212-5-37-625017
MRSC Tanger 212-5-39-932090 (emergency) [email protected]
212-5-39-932093
Pub. 140
Morocco 455
Morocco—Search and Rescue Contact Information

212-5-37-625017
212-5-28-842964
MRSC Agadir (emergency) [email protected]
212-5-28-842984 212-5-28-842820
212-5-37-625017
MRSC Dakhla 212-5-28-897300 (emergency) [email protected]
212-5-28-898381
Submarine Operating Areas VI, Souissi, Rabat.

Submarines frequently exercise E of the Strait of Gibraltar. 1. Morocco address—
For further information, see Spain—Submarine Operating Km 57 Avenue Mohammed VI, Souissi
Areas. Rabat
Submarines frequently exercise in an area about 25 miles 2. U. S. address—
ESE of Punta Almina (35°54'N., 5°17'W.). Unit 9400, Box Front Office
APO AE (09718)
Time Zone
The Time Zone description is ZULU. Daylight Savings Time U. S. Embassy Morocco Home
(ALFA (-1)) is observed from the end of March until the end of http://ma.usembassy.gov
October; the exact changeover dates should be obtained from
local authorities.
Vessel Traffic Services are in operation, as follows:
Traffic Separation Schemes located off Morocco are, as fol- 1. Casablanca1 (36°43'N., 2°12'W.).
lows: 2. Strait of Gibraltar2 (33°37'N., 7°36'W.).
1. Banco del Hoyo. (IMO adopted) 3. Tanger-Mediterrane2 (35°54'N., 5°30'W.).
2. In the Strait of Gibraltar. (IMO adopted) 1 For further information, see Pub. 143, Sailing Directions
(Enroute) West Coast of Europe and Northwest Africa.
U.S. Embassy 2 For further information, see Pub. 131 (Sailing Directions
The U.S. Embassy is situated at Km 5.7 Avenue Mohammed (Enroute) Western Mediterranean.
Pub. 140
457
NETHERLANDS
General 457 The terrain is mostly coastal lowland and reclaimed land ar-
Areas to be Avoided 457 ea with some hills in the SE. Several thousand square miles of
Buoyage System 458 the W part of the country lie below sea level and must be pro-
Cautions 459 tected by an elaborate system of dikes.
Currency 459
Firing Areas 459 Areas to be Avoided
Government 460
Holidays 460 Off the Netherlands
Industries 461 DeRuyter.—An IMO-adopted Area to be Avoided surround-
Languages 461 ing the DeRuyter offshore oil and gas installations is bounded
Meteorology 461 by lines joining the following positions:
Mined Areas 461 a. 52°21'07.2'N, 3°19'43.8''E.
Navigational Information 461 b. 52°22'45.0'N, 3°19'43.8''E.
Offshore Drilling 462 c. 52°22'45.0'N, 3°22'00.0''E.
Pilotage 462 d. 52°21'07.2'N, 3°22'00.0''E.
Pollution 463 Only authorized vessels are allowed to navigate in this area.
Regulations 463 IJmuiden Northern Approaches.—An IMO-adopted Area
Routes 465 to be Avoided is bounded by lines joining the following posi-
Search and Rescue 465 tions:
Signals 465 a. 52°32'09.0'N, 4°04'49.2''E.
Submarine Operating Areas 466 b. 52°34'02.4'N, 4°04'49.2''E.
Time Zone 466 c. 52°34'39.0'N, 4°02'13.2''E.
Traffic Separation Schemes 466 d. 52°32'47.4'N, 4°02'13.2''E.
U.S. Embassy 466 The area encloses an ammunition dump dating to the end of
Vessel Traffic Service 466 World War II. Vessels should not enter this area and, in particu-
lar, not anchor in it, even in an emergency.
General Maas North.—An IMO-adopted Area to be Avoided is
The Netherlands is located in Western Europe, bordering the a. 52°15'27.0'N, 3°51'25.2''E.
North Sea, between Belgium and Germany. b. 52°12'27.0'N, 3°51'25.2''E.
The climate is temperate and marine, with cool summers and c. 52°12'27.0'N, 3°48'19.2''E.
mild winters. d. 52°15'27.0'N, 3°48'19.2''E.
Pub. 140
458 Netherlands
The area encloses two ammunition dumps. Vessels should m. 17°20'51.0''N, 63°48'53.4''W.
not enter this area and, in particular, not anchor in it, even in an Ships of 300 gross tons and over should avoid this area. An-
emergency. choring is prohibited in this area.
At West Hinder.—An IMO-adopted Area to be Avoided, This area has also been designated a Particularly Sensitive
lies centered on position 51°23.9'N, 2°38.7'E. For further infor- Sea Area.
mation, see Belgium—Area to be Avoided.
Off Freisland 1.—An IMO-adopted Area to be Avoided is Buoyage System
a. 54°01'16.2'N, 4°24'41.4''E. Netherlands
b. 54°02'13.8'N, 4°37'03.0''E. The IALA Buoyage System (Region A) is in effect. See
c. 54°00'46.8'N, 4°36'16.4''E. Chart No. 1 for further IALA Buoyage System information.
d. 53°59'36.6'N, 4°20'41.2''E. Channels buoys are numbered in sequence and are prefixed
Off Freisland 2.—An IMO-adopted Area to be Avoided is by an abbreviation for the channel name (example: HD for the
bounded by lines joining the following positions: buoys in Hollandsch Diep). Buoys marking channel junctions
a. 54°02'42.0'N, 4°43'07.2''E. are prefixed by abbreviations of both channel names, with the
b. 54°03'34.2'N, 4°54'11.4''E. main channel listed first (example: HD-ZHD for the junction
c. 54°02'07.8'N, 4°53'19.2''E. of Hollandsch Diep and Zuid Hollandsch Diep).
d. 54°01'15.6'N, 4°42'19.8''E. In inland water, the Signalisation de Navigation Interieure
(SIGNI) system is used. In the SIGNI system, the main channel
Off Saba buoyage is compatible with the IALA system. The point where
Saba Bank.—An IMO-adopted Area to be Avoided is a channel divides is marked by buoys which indicate whether
bounded by lines joining the following positions: the main channel is to port or starboard, or the channels are of
a. 17°27'03.6''N, 63°56'08.4''W. equal importance. In addition, supplementary marks are used
b. 17°29'00.0''N, 63°55'05.4''W. to indicate navigable waters which lie outside the main buoyed
c. 17°27'56.4''N, 63°43'19.2''W. channel. For further information on the SIGNI system, see the
d. 17°38'01.8''N, 63°27'24.6''W. table titled The Netherlands—SIGNI System.
e. 17°43'21.0''N, 63°32'44.4''W. In inshore waters, some aids may be withdrawn or altered
f. 17°45'58.8''N, 63°29'58.8''W. during the winter, or when ice is forming or breaking up.
g. 17°40'20.4''N, 63°21'06.0''W. Lighted buoys may be replaced by unlighted buoys; unlighted
h. 17°30'52.8''N, 63°10'55.2''W. buoys may be replaced by spar buoys or floating beacons. The
i. 17°23'48.0''N, 63°11'15.0''W. replacements have the same characteristics at the original
j. 17°16'16.2''N, 63°15'51.0''W. buoyage but may be without topmarks. Changes may be an-
k. 17°13'26.4''N, 63°26'53.4''W. nounced by Notice to Mariners. Buoyage may be damaged,
l. 17°10'33.0''N, 63°41'48.6''W. displaced, or sunk if subject to heavy ice movement.
The Netherlands—SIGNI System

Shape Color Topmark (if fitted) Light (if fitted) Identification
Port hand marks (when going upstream, inland, away from a main channel, etc.)
Can buoy, spar buoy, First letter(s) of chan-
Red isophase or long
beacon, or perch Red Red cylinder nel name and/or even
flash
(unbound) numbering
Starboard hand marks (when going upstream, inland, away from a main channel, etc.)
Conical buoy, spar First letter(s) of chan-
Green isophase or
buoy, beacon, or perch Green Green cone (point up) nel name and/or odd
long flash
(bound) numbering
Separation marks (channels of equal importance)
Spherical buoy, spar White fast isophase (2 Initial letters and num-
Red and green bands Red/green ball
buoy, or beacon seconds) ber of both channels
Main channel to port (when going upstream, inland, away from a main channel, etc.)
Green cone (point up)
Spherical buoy, spar Initial letters and num-
Green above red or green cone (point Green flashing
buoy, or beacon ber of both channels
up) above green ball
Main channel to starboard (when going upstream, inland, away from a main channel, etc.)
Spherical buoy, spar Red cylinder or red Initial letters and num-
Red above green Red flashing
buoy, or beacon cylinder above red ball ber of both channels
Pub. 140
Netherlands 459
The Netherlands—SIGNI System

Shape Color Topmark (if fitted) Light (if fitted) Identification
Supplementary marks (indicating the limits of navigable waters outside the main buoyed channel)
Port hand marks (when going upstream, inland, away from a main channel, etc.)
Can buoy, spar buoy,
beacon, or perch Red and white bands Red cylinder — —
(unbound)
Starboardhand marks (when going upstream, inland, away from a main channel, etc.)
Conical buoy, spar
Green and white
buoy, beacon, or perch Green cone (point up) — —
bands
(bound)
Bonaire, Saba, and Sint Eustatius Currency

The official unit of currency is the Euro, consisting of 100
cents.
Aids to navigation in Saint Barthelemy, Sint Eustatius, and
Saba may be missing or unreliable.
Firing Areas
Cautions NETHERLANDS
General Tiengemeten
As a consequence of their special construction, some war- A naval exercise area is located 1 mile NW of the island of
ships of The Netherlands cannot comply with the requirements Tiengemeton (51°44'N., 4°19'E.). Vessels should not fish or
regarding the number and installation of their navigational anchor in this area.
lights mentioned in Regulations 23, 24, and 27, and Appendix I
of the Rules for the Prevention of Collisions at Sea (1972). Petten
Two firing practice areas are located in this vicinity, as fol-
High Speed Craft lows:
High speed ferries operate in Die Ems between Emden 1. Firing practice with artillery takes place from position
(53°20'N., 7°11'E.) and Borkum (53°33'N., 6°45'E.). 52°47.1'N, 4°40.3'E. The firing area consists of a danger sec-
tor between 254° and 327° or between 327° and 000°, mea-
Sea Level Changes in the German Bight sured from the battery, over a maximum distance of 9 miles.
See Germany—Cautions. When firing is in progress, two red flags will be hoisted as
a warning signal, one near Beach Pole No. 19 and the other
Wind Farms about 300m further N.
Wind farms are located off the coast of the Netherlands, as 2. Firing practice with artillery takes place from one of
follows: four battery positions on a line joining the following posi-
1. Egmond von Zee Wind Farm—Thirty-six turbines tions:
within a prohibited area centered on position 52°36.5'N, a. 52°47.7'N, 4°40.3'E.
4°26.0'E. b. 52°47.8'N, 4°41.0'E.
2. Prinses Amalia Wind Farm Windfarm Q7—Sixty tur- The firing area consists of a danger sector between 225°
bines within a prohibited area centered on position and 345°, measured from the battery, over a maximum dis-
52°35.5'N, 4°13.5'E. tance of 14 miles.
For wind farms further offshore in the deep-water through When firing is in progress, the Netherlands flag will be
routes, see North Sea and English Channel—Cautions. flown from a flagstaff on the radar tower (52°47.7'N.,
4°40.5'E.) as a warning signal. Red flags will also be dis-
Bonaire, Saba, and Sint Eustatius played on the dunes N and S of the battery and on the shore.
It has been reported that oil rigs working on Saba Bank are
well lit, but the off-lying buoys used are not lit. West of Haaksgronden
Fish pots may be encountered up to 3 miles off the W side of An anti-aircraft firing practice range is bounded by 53°05'N,
Sint Eustatius. 53°13'N, 3°45'E, and 4°10'E.
Many small fishing vessels may be found anchored up to 3
miles off the coast of Bonaire. It is very common for these ves- Zeegat van Texel—W of Kaap Hoofd
sels not to show any lights. Firing practice involving anti-aircraft artillery, naval artillery,
Saba and Sint Eustatius are designated as Nature Reserves. and machine guns at air and sea targets takes place each work-
Except for designated anchorage areas, anchoring is allowed ing day from 0800 until 1200 and from 1400 until 1700 in a
only with the permission of local authorities. danger sector with a radius of 10 miles centered on position
Pub. 140
460 Netherlands
52°57.4'N, 4°44.3'E, between the bearings of 260° and 338°, d. 53°37'35.3''N, 5°05'55.1''E.
measured from the battery. e. 53°35'57.4''N, 4°45'55.1''E.
A red flag is hoisted on a radar signal mast during firings; the These firing practices, which normally occur from sunrise to
flag is lowered upon completion of the exercises. sunset, may constitute a danger for vessel traffic.
Ijsselmeer—Breezanddijk Westerschelde Approach—Northwest Zebrugge

Artillery firing takes place within the area bounded by lines Firing practice takes place year round in an area bounded by
joining the following positions: lines joining the following positions:
a. 53°01'04.2''N, 5°12'28.2''E. a. 51°26'45.0''N, 2°21'00.0''E.
b. 52°53'42.2''N, 5°15'55.2''E. b. 51°26'45.0''N, 2°48'00.0''E.
c. 52°53'25.2''N, 5°11'06.2''E. c. 51°36'00.0''N, 2°48'00.0''E.
d. 52°48'36.2''N, 5°10'11.2''E. d. 51°40'00.0''N, 2°42'00.0''E.
e. 52°48'44.2''N, 5°07'28.2''E. e. 51°40'00.0''N, 2°34'00.0''E.
f. 52°50'50.2''N, 5°07'44.2''E. Shipping will be informed of activities in this area.
g. 52°55'57.2''N, 5°03'28.2''E.
Warnings are transmitted, as follows: BONAIRE, SABA, AND SINT EUSTATIUS
1. West Terschelling—VHF channel 25. An air and surface firing exercise area is located up to 46
2. Wieringerwerf—VHF channel 27. miles NE of Bonaire.
3. Lelystad—VHF channel 83.
During firings, the Netherlands flag is shown from a mast
situated near position 53°01.1'N, 5°12.5'E. Government
During firings, the firing battery can be contacted, as fol-
lows:
1. VHF channel 71—call sign “Schietterrein Breezanddi-
jk.”
2. VHF channel 1—Reporting Point “IJsselmeergebied.”
Vlieland—Viliehors
Firing practice from aircraft at ground targets takes place in a
sector area centered on an observation post in position
53°14.4'N, 4°55.3'E, with a radius of 4 miles, between the
bearings 275° and 005°, measured from the observation post.
This area is normally used during daylight hours only if the
visibility is greater than 2 miles. When the red warning flag is Flag of the Netherlands
hoisted, vessels should remain at least 2,000m outside the LW
mark and not remain in the area any longer than necessary for
The Netherlands is a constitutional monarchy. The country is
direct passage. Range Control (call sign: Vliehors Range Con-
trol) can be contacted on VHF channel 74. divided into 12 provinces.
With the dissolution of the Netherlands Antilles in 2010, the
islands of Bonaire, Saba, and Sint Eustatius became special
Lauwersmeer—Marnewaard
Firing practice takes place in an area bounded by lines join- municipalities within the Netherlands.
ing the following positions: King Willem-Alexander is the Head of State. The Prime
Minister is appointed by the King. The bicameral Staten Gen-
a. 53°25'09.0''N, 6°14'34.8''E.
b. 53°25'28.8''N, 6°15'09.0''E. eraal consists of the 75-member First Chamber (upper cham-
c. 53°25'33.0''N, 6°15'58.8''E. ber), indirectly elected by the 12 provincial councils, serving 4-
year terms, and the 150-member Second Chamber (lower
d. 53°25'40.8''N, 6°16'52.2''E.
e. 53°25'46.2''N, 6°17'42.0''E. chamber), directly elected using a system of proportional rep-
f. 53°25'46.8''N, 6°18'33.0''E. resentation, serving 4-year terms
The legal system is based on civil law incorporating French
g. 53°25'54.0''N, 6°19'07.8''E.
h. 53°25'57.0''N, 6°19'52.8''E. penal theory.
i. 53°25'27.0''N, 6°19'58.2''E. The capital is Amsterdam, but the government resides at The
Hague.
j. 53°25'01.8''N, 6°20'04.2''E.
Firing exercise may be held daily from 0800 until 2300. The
above positions are each marked by a lighted beacon. Holidays
North Sea—North of the Wadden Islands The following holidays are observed in the Netherlands:
Firing practice from aircraft at airborne targets takes place in
an area bounded by lines joining the following positions: January 1 New Year’s Day
a. 53°59'57.4''N, 4°45'55.1''E. Good Friday Variable
b. 53°59'57.4''N, 6°06'21.2''E.
c. 53°51'03.4''N, 6°13'53.2''E. Easter Sunday Variable
Pub. 140
Netherlands 461
Easter Monday Variable a. 51°28'51.0''N, 2°44'55.1''E.

b. 51°26'45.0''N, 2°44'55.1''E.
April 30 Queen’s Birthday c. 51°26'45.0''N, 2°35'31.1''E.
May 5 Liberation Day d. 51°28'51.0''N, 2°35'31.1''E.
2. NB4 (Schouwenbank).—A circular area with a radius
Ascension Day Variable of 2 miles centered on position 51°48'01.1''N, 3°14'17.3''E.
Whitsunday Variable 3. NB6 (Westgat).—A circular area with a radius of 1.5
miles centered on position 51°39'57.1''N, 3°34'55.2''E.
Whitmonday Variable
4. NB7 (Everingen).—Area bounded by lines joining the
December 25 Christmas Day following positions:
December 26 Second Christmas Day a. 51°24'21.1''N, 3°44'49.3''E.
b. 51°23'39.1''N, 3°46'43.3''E.
c. 51°23'03.0''N, 3°46'07.3''E.
The following additional holidays are observed in Bonaire, d. 51°23'45.0''N, 3°44'13.3''E.
Saba, and Sint Eustatius: 5. NB8 (Molengat).—A circular area with a radius of 1.5
miles centered on position 53°05'57.2''N, 4°36'25.1''E.
May 1 Labor Day 6. NB9 (Goeree).—A circular area with a radius of 1
mile centered on position 51°54'27.1''N, 3°43'35.4''E.
July 1 Emancipation Day
7. NBH10 (Wenduine).—Area bounded by lines joining
July 2 Flag Day the following positions:
Last Monday in July Carnival Day a. 51°20.0'N, 2°57.1'E.
b. 51°21.0'N, 3°00.7'E.
September 6 Bonaire Flag Day c. 51°18.7'N, 2°55.8'E.
November 16 Sint Eustatius Flag Day d. 51°19.8'N, 2°54.5'E.
8. NB12 (Callantsoog).—Area bounded by lines joining
December 2 Saba Flag Day the following positions:
a. 52°53'57.2''N, 4°22'55.1''E
Industries b. 52°53'57.2''N, 4°29'55.1''E.
c. 52°49'57.2''N, 4°29'55.1''E.
The main industries include agricultural industries, metal d. 52°49'57.2''N, 4°22'55.1''E.
and engineering products, electrical machinery and equipment,
chemicals, petroleum, fishing, construction, and microelec- Mine Detonation Area
tronics. Mine detonation exercises may be conducted in an area with
The main exports are machinery and equipment, chemicals, a radius of 3.2 miles centered on position 51°29'04.2''N,
fuels, and foodstuffs. The main export-trading partners are 2°49'55.2''E.
Germany, Belgium, the United Kingdom, and France. Warnings of the procedure will be broadcast on VHF chan-
The main imports are machinery and transport equipment, nel 16. Vessels are to avoid this area from 2 hours before until
chemicals, fuels, foodstuffs, and clothing. The main import- just after the detonation.
trading partners are Germany, China, Belgium, the United
States, and the United Kingdom. Mined Areas
Former NEMEDRI Danger Area No. 9 is an area in which
Languages danger due to mines laid between 1939 and 1945 still exists.
For further information, see North Sea and English Chan-
Dutch is the official language. nel—Mined Areas.
In Bonaire, Saba, and Sint Eustatius Dutch is the official lan-
guage, although Papiamento, a Spanish-Portuguese-Dutch-En-
glish dialect, predominates. English is also widely understood.
Enroute Volume
Meteorology Pub. 147, Sailing Directions (Enroute) Caribbean Sea Vol-
ume 1. (Saba and Sint Eustatius)
Marine weather forecasts, in Dutch, English, German, and Pub. 148, Sailing Directions (Enroute) Caribbean Sea Vol-
French are available from the Marine Section Department of ume 2. (Bonaire)
Public Works (http://www.vaarweginformatie.nl). Pub. 192, Sailing Directions (Enroute) North Sea.
Mined Areas Maritime Claims
The maritime territorial claims of the Netherlands are, as fol-
Mine Exercise Areas lows:
Practice mines are laid off the Belgium and Netherlands
coasts in a number of fixed Mine Exercise Areas, as follows:
1. NB1 (West Hinder).—Area bounded by lines joining
the following positions: Contiguous Zone 24 miles.
Pub. 140
462 Netherlands
Fisheries or Economic Zone 200 miles. ** 1. The vessel’s destination.

2. The fairway being used.
Continental Shelf 200 miles or the Continen- 3. The vessel’s measurements.
tal Margin. 4. The vessel’s cargo.
* Claims straight baselines. Claims the Westerschelde as 5. If exemption/dispensation has been given to certain
internal waters, through which passage requires prior per- vessels.
mission. Requires advance permission or notification for Pilotage is compulsory in the following regions:
innocent passage of warships in the territorial sea. 1. Noord Region—Delfzijl, Eemshaven and the Ems es-
tuary, and the Terschelling estuary (Lauwersoog, Harlingen,
** To defined limits. West-Terschelling, Vlieland, Komwerderzand, and Den Oev-
er).
Internet Maritime Safety Information 2. Amsterdam/IJmond Region—Amsterdam, IJmuiden,
Notice to Mariners are available, in English, from the Neth- and the Texel estuary (Den Helder, Den Oever, Oudeschild,
erlands Ministry of Defense (http://www.defensie.nl/english/ and Kornwerderzand).
topics/notices-to-mariners). 3. Rotterdam/Rijnmond Region—Maasmond, Nieuwe
Waterweg, Breeddiep, Beerkanaal, Calandkanaal, Hartelka-
Offshore Drilling naal, Nieuwe Maas, Koningshaven, Noord, Rietbaan, Oude
Maas, Spui, Beningen, Hollandsche IJssel up to the barrage
A number of oil and gas fields are located off the coast. Most at Krimpen aan de IJssel, Beneden Merwede up to Hardinx-
are isolated or dispersed, with the following exceptions: veld-Giessendam and the tidal flat, Dordtsche Kil, Krabben-
1. Rijnveld platforms (52°16'N., 3°45'E.). geul, Mallegat, Hollandsch Diep W of Moerdijkbrug,
2. Six platforms off the N and NE shores of the E end of Haringvliet, Vuile Gut, Krammer N of Krammersluizen,
Ameland (53°27'N., 5°45'E.). Zuid Vlije, and Volkerak.
4. Scheldemonden Region—The River Scheldt, the Te-
Pilotage meuzen-Ghent Canal, the Zuid Beveland Canal, the Wal-
cheren Canal, Veerse Meer, Oosterschelde, Keeten,
Netherlands Pilotage Krammer to the Krammer Locks, and the Schelde-Rhine
Compulsory pilotage in the Netherlands depends on the fol- connection to the Kreekrak Locks and Bergen op Zoom with
lowing factors: dangerous cargo on board.
Exemptions and Waivers to Compulsory Pilotage

Exemption to compulsory
Region Fairway(s) Waiver to compulsory pilotage
pilotage
Maximum length: 150m or
Westerems to Borkum
Maximum breadth: 25m or —
(general traffic)
Maximum draft: 7m
Westerems to Borkum (car
Maximum breadth: 20m or —
ferries)
Maximum draft: 7m
Borkum to Eemshaven Maximum breadth: 13m or
Maximum draft: 7m
Maximum draft: 7m
Texel Roads to Den Helder Maximum length: 95m and Maximum length: 110m and
Noord (Nieuwe Diep) Maximum draft: 7m Maximum draft: 7m
Texel Roads to Den Helder Maximum length: 90m and Maximum length: 110m and
(Koopvaardersbinnenhave) Maximum draft: 5m Maximum draft: 5m
Den Helder to Kornwerder- Maximum length: 65m or Maximum length: 90m or
zand Maximum draft: 4m Maximum draft: 4m
Harlingen to Kornwerder-
zand, Den Helder to Den Maximum length: 60m or Maximum length: 90m or
Oever, and the remaining Maximum draft: 2.5m Maximum draft: 2.5m
Waddenzee
Maximum length: 70m or Maximum length: 90m or
Harlingen to Vlierede
Maximum draft: 6m Maximum draft: 6m
Pub. 140
Netherlands 463
Exemptions and Waivers to Compulsory Pilotage

Exemption to compulsory
Region Fairway(s) Waiver to compulsory pilotage
pilotage
All fairways with compul-
Amsterdam/IJmond Maximum length: 75m Maximum length: 95m
sory pilotage
All fairways with compul-
Rotterdam/Rijnmond Maximum length: 70m Maximum length: 90m
sory pilotage
Schouwenbank to Vlissin- Maximum length: 75m or Maximum length: 80m or
Scheldemonden
gen Oost Maximum draft: 5.5m Maximum draft: 5.5m
All other fairways with
— Maximum length: 75m Maximum length: 80m
compulsory pilotage
Note.—Vessels with an exemption to compulsory pilotage or vessels sailing in fairways with ad hoc compulsory pilotage
can be ordered by the authorities to make use of a pilot due to weather conditions or when deviating circumstances to the
vessel, passengers and/or crew, traffic, or fairway occur.
Exceptions to compulsory pilotage are given in the accompa- COLREGS 72, pilot vessels in Dutch waters also exhibit a
nying table titled Exemptions and Waivers to Compulsory white flare at intervals of up to 10 minutes.
Pilotage.
In some cases, the pilot will be unable to board to perform Deep Sea Pilotage
pilotage duties, as follows: For information concerning Deep Sea Pilotage in the North
1. Due to bad weather conditions. Sea, the English Channel, and Skagerrak, see United King-
2. If the design of the vessel does not allow the pilot to dom—Pilotage.
embark offshore.
3. Other extraordinary circumstances. Pollution
Unless prohibited by the harbormaster, shore-based pilotage
will take place, in the above-mentioned circumstances, by Vessels navigating within the Netherlands Exclusive Eco-
VHF, but only on the open water sea routes. In general, the pi- nomic Zone (EEZ) are requested to send pollution reports to
lot will be able to board the vessel once the vessel is inside. Netherlands Coastguard Radio.
Vessels should send a request for pilots to the appropriate pi- The message should contain the following information:
lot station at least 6 hours in advance including the following 1. Name and call sign of reporting vessel.
information: 2. Date and time (UTC) of observation.
1. Vessel’s name, call sign, and flag. 3. Position, size, and type of pollution (heavy or light oil,
2. Date and time (state difference from UTC). color, thick or thin layer, etc.).
3. Port of destination. 4. Name, port of registration or nationality, and type of
4. Request for pilot and ETA boarding position. discharging vessel.
5. Draft (in meters and centimeters). 5. Course and speed of discharging vessel.
6. Cargo—including description of any dangerous cargo. 6. Any other relevant information.
7. Name of agent or owner. The Netherlands Coast Guard Radio (call sign: PBK)/MRCC
8. Length, beam (in meters and centimeters), and gross Den Helder can be contacted, as follows:
tons.
9. Any other information. 1. VHF channel 16 (MMSI 002442000)
If the original ETA becomes more than 1 hour 30 minutes in 2. DSC channel 70 and 2187.5 kHz (MMSI 002442000)
error (or 30 minutes for Den Helder, IJmuiden, or Amsterdam),
the message should be repeated with the revised ETA. 3. Telephone: 31-223-542300 (operations)
The ETD should be sent 1 hour in advance. 31-900-0111 (emergency)
Interruption or resumption of the Netherlands Pilotage Ser-
4. Facsimile: 31-223-658358
vice will be announced in the navigational warnings broadcast
by Scheveningen (PCH) Radio. 5. Telex: 44-71088 KUSTW NL
A pilotage agreement based on an international treaty be- 6. INMARSAT (AOR-E): 424426512=CGHQ X
tween Belgium and the Netherlands applies to the estuary of
the Westerschelde. Both countries have authority to pilot ves- 7. E-mail: [email protected]
sels from sea to Antwerpen and Ghent and conversely. For fur-
ther information, see Pub. 192, Sailing Directions (Enroute) Regulations
North Sea.
Pilot vessels on station or engaged in pilotage duties fly, at Under certain conditions in the interests of national security,
the masthead, a blue flag with a white L. or for other causes, it may be necessary to prohibit navigation
In addition to the lights and shapes required by Rule 29 of within the Netherlands zeegats or harbors, or to allow vessels
Pub. 140
464 Netherlands
to enter only under certain conditions. In such cases, the fol- tankers.
lowing signals will be shown in a conspicuous position: Single hull tankers of 5,000 dwt and over carrying heavy
1. By day—Three red balls, vertically disposed; or two grades of oil are prohibited from anchoring in areas under the
cones, points together, over a ball. jurisdiction of the Netherlands.
2. By night—Three red lights, vertically disposed; or
three lights vertically disposed; green over red over white. Single Hull Tanker Restrictions
If an incoming vessel approaching a zeegat should observe
Prohibition
such a signal as above, the master must, unless wind and sea Category Delivery year
year
prevent it, proceed toward the examination vessel, which dis-
plays the same signal. 1980 or earlier 2003
The examination vessel will give further instructions and in Category 1 Oil Tankers 1981 2004
certain cases the vessel will be allowed to enter; the entering 1982 or later 2005
vessel must have a pilot on board or be preceded by a pilot ves-
sel or warship. 1975 2003
Should a warning shot be fired, all vessels in the vicinity 1976 2004
must stop immediately, so far as their safety will allow. In no
case will vessels then be allowed to enter. Non-compliance 1977 2005
with these instructions expose a vessel and its crew to danger. 1978 or 1979 2006
As a rule, entering at night is prohibited. If an examination Category 2 Oil Tankers
vessel is not met in the entrance, then the vessel must heave to 1980 or 1981 2007
or anchor outside. 1982 2008
If off the entrance of the Westerschelde, vessels may proceed
1983 2009
inward until an examination vessel is met. No previous an-
nouncement will be made of the enforcement of these mea- 1984 2010
sures for any particular zeegat or harbor.
Particularly Sensitive Sea Areas (PSSA) Under European Union (EU) Directive 2009/16/EC, the Eu-
The Wadden Sea and adjacent parts of the North Sea in the ropean Union has introduced a mandatory reporting system for
common Wadden Sea area of Denmark, Germany, and the vessels arriving at or departing from a port or anchorage in the
Netherlands were granted (2002) the status of PSSA by the In- EU region.
ternational Maritime Organization. For further information, see The report should be sent to the port authorities.
North Sea and English Channel Sea—Regulations. For further information, see North Atlantic Ocean—Regu-
Single Hull Tanker Restrictions cation.
Single hull oil tankers are prohibited to enter or depart from
a port or offshore terminal in Netherlands based on the anniver- European Union Dangerous and Polluting Cargo Notifica-
sary date of the vessel’s delivery, as given in the accompanying tion
table. Under European Union (EU) Directive 2002/59/EC, as
The following single hull tankers are also prohibited to enter amended by EU Directive 2009/17/EC, any vessel over 300
or depart from a port or offshore terminal in the Netherlands: gross tons and any vessel carrying dangerous or polluting cargo
1. Category 1, 2, and 3 oil tankers carrying heavy grades bound to or leaving from EU ports should report to the relevant
of oil. port authority at least 24 hours in advance.
2. Oil tankers greater than 600 dwt but less than 5,000 For further information, see Baltic Sea—Regulations—Eu-
dwt beginning on the 2008 anniversary of the delivery date ropean Union Dangerous and Polluting Cargo Notifica-
of the vessel. tions.
Category 1, 2, and 3 oil tankers are defined, as follows:
1. Category 1—Oil tankers of 20,000 dwt and over carry- Quarantine
ing crude oil, fuel oil, heavy diesel oil, or lubricating oil, or The master of the vessel must complete and sign a Maritime
of 30,000 dwt and over carrying oil other than those just list- Declaration of Health. Standard IMO FAL Form No. 1 must be
ed, which does not comply with the requirements for new oil used. The following circumstances must be reported:
tankers as defined in Regulation 1(26) of Annex I of MAR- 1. De-ratting Exemption Certificate expiration date.
POL 73/78. 2. Number of passengers and crew.
2. Category 2—Oil tankers of 20,000 dwt and over carry- 3. Are there any cases or suspected cases of plague, chol-
ing crude oil, fuel oil, heavy diesel oil, or lubricating oil, or era, yellow fever, or smallpox?
of 30,000 dwt and over carrying oil other than those just list- 4. Has plague occurred or been suspected among the rats
ed, which complies with the requirements for new oil tankers and mice on board during the voyage or has there been ab-
as defined in Regulation 1(26) of Annex I of MARPOL 73/ normal mortality among them?
78. 5. Has any person died on board during the voyage that
3. Category 3—Oil tankers of 5,000 dwt and over but less has not been the result of an accident?
than the limits specified for Category 1 and category 2 oil 6. Is there on board, or has there been during the voyage,
Pub. 140
Netherlands 465
any case of disease which you suspect to be of an infectious Routes

nature?
7. Are there any sick persons on board? See North Sea and English Channel—Navigational Infor-
8. Are you aware of any other condition on board which mation—Deep-Water Routes.
may lead to infection or spread of disease?
If any of the above circumstances is present, or in the case of Search and Rescue
other quarantine problems, the following actions must be taken
by the vessel: The Netherlands Coastguard is responsible for coordinating
1. Advise the pilot and the vessel’s agent. search and rescue operations through the Joint Rescue Coordi-
2. Contact the Department of Infectious Diseases of the nation Center (JRCC) Den Helder, which can be contacted, as
Municipal Health Services (GGD) immediately by telephone follows:
(31-10-4339897) and ask for the physician for infectious dis- 1. Telephone: 31-223-542300 (24 hours)
eases on duty. 2. Facsimile: 31-223-658358
3. Keep the Maritime Declaration of Health on hand and 3. E-mail: [email protected]
request the person responsible for medical care to remain on The Netherlands Coastguard Radio (PBK) maintains a con-
board to answer any questions. tinuous listening watch for distress traffic on 2187.5 kHz, VHF
4. Maintain the International Code of Signals Quebec channel 16, and VHF channel 70.
flag (quarantine) on display until clearance. The Royal Netherlands Lifeboat Society (KNRM) maintains
If none of the above circumstances are present, the form can lifeboats, as follows:
be mailed to the following address: 1. Breskens (51°24'N., 3°34'E.).
Municipal Health Services (GGD) 2. Hansweert (51°26'N., 4°01'E.).
PO Box 70032 3. Noordland (51°37'N., 3°41'E.).
3000 LP Rotterdam 4. Stellendam (51°50'N., 4°02'E.).
Netherlands 5. Hoek van Holland (51°59'N., 4°06'E.).
6. Scheveningen (52°06'N., 4°16'E.).
Official Language in the Common Nautical Authority 7. IJmuiden (52°28'N., 4°34'E.).
In the control area of the Common Nautical Authority 8. Den Helder (52°58'N., 4°47'E.).
(CNA), which comprises the sea approach, the western Schel- 9. West Terschelling (53°22'N., 5°13'E.).
dt, the lower Scheldt, and the canal from Ghent to Tameuzen, 10. Harlingen (53°11'N., 5°25'E.).
the official language to be used in all radiotelephone communi- 11. Lauwersoog (53°25'N., 6°12'E.).
cations is either Dutch or English. Not using Dutch or English 12. Eemshaven (53°27'N., 6°50'E.).
in maritime radio communications in the CNA may result in An emergency towing vessel is based at Den Helder
prosecution. (52°58'N., 4°47'E.).
However, if the crew of an inland waterways vessels cannot
comply with this regulation, the vessel will immediately be
stopped and will not be allowed to continue its voyage until Signals
there is someone on board who speaks one of the official lan-
guages. In Nieuwe Waterweg, vessels with bow rudders navigating
stern-first shall display from the yardarm, by day, two cones,
Bonaire 0.6m long, points down.
Pratique is granted when a vessel is boarded by the Immigra-
tion Officer, who can act as a Health Officer. If contact with an Dredge Signals
infectious or contagious disease has been reported in the ETA In addition to the signals prescribed by COLREGS72, bucket
message, the Port Director will board. or suction dredges without their own means of propulsion show
It is prohibited to dump oily wastes overboard within 50 additional signals, as given in the accompanying table titled
miles of the coast of Bonaire. Netherlands—Dredge Signals.
Netherlands—Dredge Signals
Meaning Day signal Night signal
Side on which the vessel may pass Two green diamonds, vertically disposed Two green lights, vertically disposed
Red board over a white board; or a single
Side on which the vessel may pass
board, with the upper half red and the One red light over one white light
without causing any wash
lower half white
Red ball or red board at the same height as Red light at the same height as the
Side on which passing is prohibited
the upper board on the passing side upper light on the passing side
Pub. 140
466 Netherlands
Sluicing Signals 7. Vlieland North. (IMO adopted)
In Netherlands waters, the following sluicing signals are 8. Off Vlieland. (IMO adopted)
shown: 9. Off Texel. (IMO adopted)
1. By day—A blue board, with the word SPUIEN painted 10. Off Brown Ridge. (IMO adopted)
on it, often displayed in addition to three red lights exhibited 11. West Friesland. (IMO adopted)
in a triangle, point up. 12. North Friesland. (IMO adopted).
2. By night—Three red lights exhibited in a triangle, 13. East Friesland. (IMO adopted)
point up. 14. Terschelling—German Bight. (IMO adopted)
15. Off Botney Ground. (IMO adopted)
Port Closure Signals
Port closure signals are described under Regulations. U.S. Embassy
Storm Signals The U.S. Embassy is situated at Lange Voorhout 102, The
Netherlands storm signals are shown only at Flushing and Hague.
Hoek van Holland. The signals are the same as the night sig- The mailing addresses are, as follows:
nals for gales and strong wind as listed in Belgium—Signals— 1. Netherlands address—
Storm Signals. Lange Voorhout 102
2514 EJ, The Hague
Submarines Operating on the Surface 2. U. S. address—
Dutch submarines operating on the surface display an all PSC 71, Box 1000
round rotating amber light showing about 90 flashes per min- APO AE (09715)
ute.
U. S. Embassy Netherlands Home Page
Submarine Operating Areas http://thehague.usembassy.gov
Submarines exercise in an area SW of Bonaire.
Time Zone
The Time Zone description for the Netherlands is ALFA (- 1. Delfzijl/Eemshaven (53°19'N., 7°00'E.).
1). Daylight Savings Time (BRAVO (-2)) is observed from the 2. Den Helder (52°58'N., 4°47'E.).
last Sunday in March until the last Sunday in October. 3. Rotterdam Nieuwe Waterweg (52°03'N., 3°35'E.), con-
The Time Zone description for Bonaire, Saba, and Sint Eu- sisting of two Traffic Centers, as follows:
statius is QUEBEC (+4). Daylight Savings Time is not ob- a. Hoek van Holland Traffic Center.
served. b. Rotterdam Traffic Center.
4. Amsterdam (Noordzeekanaal) (52°25'N., 4°49'E.).
Traffic Separation Schemes 5. Scheveningen (Noordzeekanaal) (52°06'N., 4°15'E.).
6. Scheldemond (51°27'N., 3°25'E.), consisting of nine
Traffic Separation Schemes (TSS) in the Netherlands are, as Traffic Areas in the Westerschelde along the Belgium/Neth-
follows: erlands border, as follows:
1. At North Hinder (comprising North Hinder North and a. Traffic Area Wandelaar Approach.
North Hinder South Traffic Separation Schemes). (IMO ad- b. Traffic Area Wandelaar.
opted) c. Traffic Area Zeebrugge.
2. In the approaches to the Hook of Holland (comprising d. Traffic Area Steenbank.
Maas West Outer, Maas West Inner, Maas Northwest, and e. Traffic Area Vlissingen (Flushing).
Maas North Traffic Separation Schemes). (IMO adopted) f. Traffic Area Terneuzen.
3. In the approaches to IJmuiden (comprising IJmuiden g. Traffic Area Gent/Terneuzen (Terneuzen-Gent Ca-
West Outer, IJmuiden West Inner, and IJmuiden North Traf- nal).
fic Separation Schemes). (IMO adopted). h. Traffic Area Hansweert.
4. At West Hinder. (IMO adopted) i. Traffic Area Zandvliet (Antwerpen).
5. Off North Hinder. (IMO adopted) To be implemented 7. Terschelling (53°21'N., 5°09'E.).
on 1 June 2017. For further information, see Pub. 192, Sailing Directions
6. German Bight Western Approach. (IMO adopted) (Enroute) North Sea.
Pub. 140
467
NICARAGUA

Buoyage System 467
Cautions 467 Special Warning 124 (Issued 10 June 2008; reviewed 22 Oc-
Currency 468 tober 2014)
Fishing Areas 468 1. Mariners operating small vessels such as yachts and fish-
Government 468 ing boats should note that Nicaragua has boundary disputes
Holidays 468 with its neighbors in both its Caribbean and Pacific waters, and
Industries 468 should exercise caution.
Languages 468 2. The Caribbean waters lying generally S of the 15th par-
Navigational Information 468 allel and E of the 82nd and up to the 79th meridians are subject
Search and Rescue 469 to a current dispute between Nicaragua and Colombia.
Time Zone 469 3. The International Court of Justice has delineated a new
U.S. Embassy 469 maritime boundary line awarding maritime areas to the govern-
ment of Nicaragua previously claimed by Honduras above the
15th parallel and apparently E of the 82nd meridian.
General 4. The Nicaraguan navy is patrolling portions of this mari-
time space, enforcing the requirement that fishing vessels hold
Nicaragua, which borders Costa Rica and Honduras, is locat- a valid Nicaraguan fishing license and has seized vessels not in
ed in Central America. The Caribbean Sea lies to its N and the compliance.
Pacific to its S. 5. There have been cases where Nicaraguan authorities
Both coasts lie within the hot tropical zone; however, the have seized foreign-flagged fishing and other vessels off the
temperatures become cooler in the interior highlands. Nicaraguan coast. The government of Nicaragua imposes
The Atlantic coast has expansive coastal plains rising to cen- heavy fines on parties caught fishing illegally within waters of
tral interior mountains. Inland, the country is spanned diago- Nicaragua’s jurisdiction.
nally by two high mountain chains. 6. While in all cases passengers and crew have been re-
leased within a period of several weeks, in some cases the ships
have been searched, personal gear and navigation equipment
Buoyage System has disappeared, and Nicaraguan authorities have held seized
vessels for extensive periods.
The IALA Buoyage System (Region B) is in effect. See 7. Prompt U.S. Embassy consular access to detained U.S.
Chart No. 1 for further IALA Buoyage System information. citizens on Nicaragua’s Caribbean coast may not be possible
Many lights have been reported as extinguished, irregular, or because of delays in notification due to the relative isolation of
unreliable. the region.
Pub. 140
468 Nicaragua
8. There have been reported incidents of piracy in Caribbe- Easter Sunday Variable
an and Pacific waters off the coast of Nicaragua, but the Nica-
raguan navy has increased its patrols and no recent incidents May 1 Labor Day
have been reported. May 30 Mother’s Day
Local Magnetic Anomaly July 19 National Liberation

A local magnetic anomaly has been reported in the vicinity Day
of Cayos de Perlas (12°23'N., 83°30'W.). August 1 Fiesta Day
September 14 San Jacinto Battle Day
Currency
The official unit of currency is the cordoba, consisting of 100
November 2 All Souls’ Day
centavos.
Fishing Areas December 25 Christmas Day
The coastal areas on the Caribbean Sea coast are extensively
fished by local vessels working out of small harbors and rivers. Industries
Fishing vessels are also found on Miskito Bank (14°28'N.,
82°42”W.). The main industries are agriculture and food processing,
Large numbers of vessels fishing for lobster have been ob- chemicals, machinery and metal products, textiles and cloth-
ing, petroleum refining and distribution, beverages, footwear,
served about 10 miles E of Bluefields Bluff (12°00'N.,
83°41'W.) during the November fishing season. The fishing wood, and mining.
vessels are reported to temporarily mark underwater obstruc- The main exports are coffee, beef, shrimp and lobster, tobac-
co, sugar, gold, peanuts, cigars, wiring harnesses, textiles, cot-
tions with lighted buoys.
ton, and apparel. The main export partners are the United
States, Mexico, and Venezuela.
Government The main imports are consumer goods, machinery and
equipment, raw materials, and petroleum products. The main
import-trading partner are the United States, Venezuela, Mexi-
co, China, Venezuela, Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala. and
the Netherlands Antilles.
Languages
Spanish is the official language. English and Indian are
widely spoken on the Atlantic coast.
Flag of Nicaragua Navigational Information

Nicaragua is a republic. The country is divided into 15 de- Enroute Volumes
partments and two autonomous regions. Pub. 148, Sailing Directions (Enroute) Caribbean Sea Vol-
Nicaragua is governed by a directly-elected President serv- ume 2.
ing a 5-year term. The unicameral National Assembly is com- Pub. 153, Sailing Directions (Enroute) West Coasts of Mexi-
posed of 92 members; 90 members are directly elected using a co and Central America.
system of proportional representation, with one seat designated
for the previous President and one seat designated for the run- Maritime Claims
ner-up in the previous presidential election. All members serve The maritime territorial claims of Nicaragua are, as follows:
a 5-year term.
The legal system is based on a civil law system.
The capital is Managua.
Holidays Fisheries or Economic 200 miles.
Zone
Continental Shelf Depth of 200m or the Con-
January 1 New Year’s Day tinental Margin.
Holy Thursday Variable * Claims straight baselines. Requires advance permission

or notification for innocent passage of warships in the
Good Friday Variable territorial sea.
Pub. 140
Nicaragua 469
Maritime Boundary Disputes and can be contacted, as follows:

Dispute with Colombia over using the 82°W meridian as the 1. Telephone: 505-276-8580
maritime boundary. 505-233-1602
Colombia, Honduras, Nicaragua, Jamaica, and the United 2. Facsimile: 505-276-8580
States assert various claims to Bajo Nuevo and Seranilla Bank. 505-233-1602
Legal dispute with Costa Rica over navigational rights on the 3. E-mail: [email protected]
San Juan River. [email protected]
Advised by the ICJ to adopt a tripartite resolution with El Further information on COCESNA can be found in Hondu-
Salvador and Honduras to establish a maritime boundary in ras—Search and Rescue.
Golfo de Fonseca which considers Honduran access to the Pa-
cific Ocean. Time Zone
Search and Rescue The Time Zone description is SIERRA (+6). Daylight Sav-
The Nicaraguan Air Force coordinates search and rescue op-
erations. The Maritime Rescue Coordination Center (MRCC)
is situated at the international airport in Managua and can be U.S. Embassy
contacted, as follows:
1. Telephone: 505-223-31428 The U.S. Embassy is situated at Kilometer 5.5 Carretera Sur,
2. Facsimile: 505-223-31981 Managua.
3. E-mail: [email protected] The mailing address is APO AA (34021).
Nicaragua is part of the Corporacion Centroamericana de
Servicios de Navegacion Aerea (COCESNA), the Central U. S. Embassy Nicaragua Home Page
American aeronautical search and rescue network. Rescue http://ni.usembassy.gov
Sub-Center (RSC) Nicaragua works with RCC Centro America
Pub. 140
471
NORTH ATLANTIC OCEAN
General 471 places. The ridge divides the ocean into two large troughs, with
Cautions 471 depths averaging between 3,700m and 5,500m. A central val-
Climatology 473 ley, 900m deep, cuts into the crest of the ridge and extends its
Currents 483 full length. This valley is intersected at nearly right angles by
Ice 485 deep fissures which stretch from continent to continent. In
Navigational Information 485 some areas, these fracture zones provide conduits for the flow
Pilotage 487 of the deep waters from basin to basin.
Pollution 487 Transverse ridges running between the continents and the
Regulations 489 Mid-Atlantic Ridge divide the ocean floor into numerous ba-
Routes 492 sins; some of the larger basins in the North Atlantic Basin are
Ship Reporting System 492 the Guiana Basin, the North American Basin, the Cape Verde
Signals 493 Basin, and the Canaries Basin.
Tides 493 The deep ocean floor is thought to be fairly flat, although nu-
Appendix I—Western Europe Tanker Reporting System merous seamounts and some guyots exist. The Puerto Rico
(WETREP) 495 Trench is stated to be the deepest part of the North Atlantic
Appendix II—Routes Across the North Atlantic Ocean to Ocean, with a depth of 9,219m in position 19°35'N, 68°08’W.
the Strait of Gibraltar and Bishop Rock 499 The Sargasso Sea, well defined on its W side by the Gulf
Appendix III—Routes to and from Canada, the United Stream between 20°N and 30°N, is a thick mass of warm saline
States, and the Caribbean Sea 503 water covered by millions of tons of sargassum weed. It is a
Appendix IV—International Port Traffic Signals and calm area of high evaporation and low precipitation.
Visual Storm Warning Signals 507
General Cautions
The North Atlantic Ocean is bounded on the E by the NW Piracy
coast of Africa and the W coast of Europe, on the N by the The security of vessels off the West African coast and at
Arctic Ocean, and on the W by the E coast of North America some ports is a serious problem. Numerous attacks by gangs of
and the NE coast of South America. Its S limit is considered to thieves, some of whom were armed, have occurred. These at-
be the Equatorial Countercurrents, at about 8°N. tacks generally took place in the outer roadsteads, but some
The Mid-Atlantic Ridge, an immense median mountain were carried out on vessels berthed alongside, anchored in in-
range, is the most outstanding feature of the ocean floor. It ex- ner harbors, or at sea. In addition to the loss of property and in-
tends throughout the length of the Atlantic Ocean, claiming the jury to crew members, the thieves used naked lights for
center third of the sea bed and reaching 1,000 miles in width. illumination which created a serious fire risk.
The depth of water over the ridge is less than 2,700m in most The International Maritime Bureau (IMB) of the Internation-
Pub. 140
472 North Atlantic Ocean
al Chamber of Commerce has established a Piracy Counter- quently, all aircraft, surface vessels and subsurface vessels ap-
measures Center at Kuala Lumpur. This center operates for the proaching U.S. forces are requested to maintain radio contact
Southeast Asian Region and is able to receive reports from ves- with U.S. forces on bridge-to-bridge channel 16, international
sels concerning attacks and advise of danger areas. Piracy air distress (121.5 MHz VHF), or MILAIR Distress (243 MHz
warnings are broadcast by the center. UHF)
For further details the IMB Center can be contacted, as fol- 2. U.S. forces will exercise appropriate measures in self-
lows: defense if warranted by the circumstances. Aircraft, surface
IMB Piracy Reporting Center vessels, and subsurface vessels approaching U.S. forces will,
ICC IMB (Asia Regional Office) by making prior contact as described above, help make their in-
P.O. Box 12559 tentions clear and avoid unnecessary initiation of such defen-
50782 Kuala Lumpur sive measures.
Malaysia 3. U.S. forces, especially when operating in confined wa-
Telephone: 60-3-2078-5763 ters, shall remain mindful of navigational considerations of air-
Facsimile: 60-3-2078-5769 craft, surface vessels, and subsurface vessels in their immediate
E-mail: [email protected] vicinity.
[email protected] 4. Nothing in this special warning is intended to impede or
Web site: http://www.icc-ccs.org (click on IMB Pi- otherwise interfere with the freedom of navigation or overflight
racy Reporting Center) of any vessel or aircraft, or to limit or expand the inherent self-
It should be noted that mariners can use the above web site to defense right of U.S. forces. This special warning is published
access the following information promulgated by the IMB Pi- solely to advise of the heightened state of readiness of U.S.
racy Reporting Center: forces and to request that radio contact be maintained as de-
1. IMB Piracy Alert. scribed above.
2. IMB Weekly Piracy Report.
3. IMB Live Piracy Map. Locust Reports
A 24-hour Anti-Piracy Helpline has been established at the Many countries in Africa and Southwest Asia are, from time
IMB Piracy Reporting Center to report information concerning to time, invaded by swarms of Desert Locust. These locusts are
maritime crime and security, including terrorism, piracy, and capable of traveling for hundreds of miles and have repeatedly
other illegal activities. All information will be treated in strict been seen in flight at sea off the NW coast of Africa and within
confidence and will be passed on to relevant authorities for fur- the Mediterranean Sea. The adult Desert Locust is about 60mm
ther action. The Anti-Piracy Helpline can be contacted 24 long, with a wingspan of about 120mm. They vary in color
hours by telephone (60-3-2031-0014). from red to yellow according to their state of maturity.
Guidance regarding practices recommended for vessels op- Reports of locusts in all infested countries are exchanged
erating in high risk areas have been published by the Interna- through the Desert Locust Information Service, Food and Agri-
tional Maritime Organization’s (IMO) Revised Maritime culture Organization (FAO) of the United Nations, Rome. To
Safety Committee (MSC) Circulars, which can be accessed on assist in the provision of appropriate warnings to countries
the Internet, as follows: threatened by locust invasion, mariners sighting locusts are re-
quested to report by radio or, as follows:
IMO Revised MSC Circulars 1. Telephone: 39-06-570-52420
2. Facsimile: 39-06-570-55271
http://www.imo.org/safety/mainframe.asp?topic_id=114 3. E-mail: [email protected]
4. Web site: http://www.fao.org
Particularly Sensitive Sea Areas (PSSA) The report should include the following particulars:
A PSSA is an area that requires special protection because of 1. Date and time (specifying UTC or zone time) when lo-
its vulnerability to damage caused by marine activities. Vessels cust first seen.
operating in or near such an area should exercise the utmost 2. Latitude and longitude, if possible to nearest minute,
care to avoid damage to the maritime environment and the ma- where locusts first seen.
rine organisms in it. No waste should be discharged overboard. 3. Time and position at which locusts were last seen.
The following areas have been declared by the IMO to be a 4. Whether isolated locusts (seen in flight singly), locust
PSSA: groups (flying locusts seen intermittently in numbers),
1. The Wadden Sea—Denmark, Germany, and the Neth- swarm (flying locusts seen continuously in numbers over a
erlands. period of at least a minute), dense swarm (obscuring part of
2. Western European waters—Belgium, France, Ireland, horizon or other background), or locusts appearing on board
Portugal, Spain, and the United Kingdom. or floating dead (isolated, groups, or swarms).
3. Spain—Islas Canarias (Canary Islands). 5. Color of locusts (yellow, pink, red, or gray).
6. Wind direction and speed.
Special Warning 120 (Issued 16 November 2001; reviewed The cost of these messages will be defrayed by the FAO Des-
20 November 2014) ert Locust Information Service.
1. Due to recent events in the Middle East and the Ameri- Forecasts by the international bodies in charge of monitoring
can homeland, U.S. forces worldwide are operating at a height- the Desert Locust indicate there is a certain risk of an invasion
ened state of readiness and taking additional defensive of Mauritania, Morocco, and Algeria, and, with favorable
precautions against terrorist and other potential threats. Conse- winds, the Islas Canarias and the areas to the S and SE of
Pub. 140
North Atlantic Ocean 473
Spain. Mariners are requested to communicate any possible frequent and less intense in summer, seas 2.4m or higher never-
sightings of the swarm to the nearest Maritime Radio Station or theless have been observed as much as 50 per cent of the time
Maritime Rescue Coordination Center. in some years.
Off-lying Islands Fishing Vessels

Arquipelago de Azores (39°42’N., 31°07’W.) lies nearly in Concentrations of fishing vessels can be encountered off the
the mid-Atlantic Ocean. These islands are the summits of im- African coast and in the SW approaches to the Strait of Gibral-
mense volcanic mountains, some of which are active, lying in a tar.
region of temperate climate known as the Azores High.
Arquipelago de Madeira (Madeira Islands) (32°45'N.,
17°00’W.), about 400 miles W of the coast of Morocco, are the Prediction and Research Moored Array in the Atlantic (PI-
summits of dormant volcanoes rising sheer from the ocean RATA) Buoys
depths. The climate is usually mild, marred occasionally by the The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
“leste,” a hot dry wind off the Sahara Desert. (NOAA) maintains an array of PIRATA buoys, in the equatori-
Islas Canarias (Canary Islands) (28°30”N., 16°00’W.), vol- al Atlantic Ocean. PIRATA buoys are white and orange toroid
canic islands with active and extinct craters, lie close of the buoys, 2.3m in diameter and surmounted by a 4m high instru-
coast of Western Sahara. Hot dry winds from the Sahara Desert ment tower, with radar reflectors, and visible on radar at ranges
are moderated by the cool Canaries Current, which branches of 4 to 8 miles, depending on conditions; the buoys, which
from the North Atlantic Current and sets S off the NW coast of should be given a berth of 5 miles, are located in the following
Africa. positions:
Arquipelago de Cabo Verde (Cape Verde Islands) a. 20°26.3'N, 23°07.9'W.
(15°00’N., 24°00'W.) are peaks of immense volcanoes, one of b. 11°28.8'N, 22°59.6'W.
which is active, rising from the ocean depths. c. 20°00.5'N, 37°51.4'W.
d. 14°59.4'N, 38°01.3'W.
Dangerous Waves e. 11°30.1'N, 38°01.3'W.
Along the Gulf Stream.—Winter and spring storms passing f. 7°53.8N, 38°06.7'W.
over the Gulf Stream along the E coast of the United States
may be modified rapidly enough to create dangerous wind and Abnormal Refraction
wave situations. This is particularly true in the North Wall, a Abnormal refraction can occur at times off the W coast of
narrow band of extreme horizontal water temperature change Africa, particularly off the coasts of Morocco and Mauritania,
that marks the N edge of the Gulf Stream. In early winter, cold and is sufficient to produce mirages and to cause errors when
air outbreaks along this N edge sometimes result in a doubling using a sextant.
of the wind speed compared to the wind speeds of surrounding
seas. During February and March, the waters N of the Gulf Maritime Administration (MARAD} Advisories
Stream are at their coldest while the Gulf Stream remains rela- MARAD Advisories rapidly disseminate information on
tively warm. Also from the North Wall to 10 to 20 miles into maritime dangers, safety, government policy, and other time-
the Gulf Stream, strong NE currents are encountered. The sensitive matters pertaining to U.S. flag vessel operations. MA-
strong NE winds on intense coastal storms tend to pull cold RAD Advisories are issued by the Office of Security to vessel
Arctic air across the slope water to near Cape Hatteras. As this masters, ship operators, and other U.S. Maritime interests. Ad-
cold air reaches the Gulf Stream, it encounters rapidly increas- visories are communicated via telex or other message formats
ing sea surface temperatures. This sudden warming produces and are published on the MARAD web site and in the National
an increase in wind speeds and gustiness. This in turn causes Geospatial-Intelligence Agency’s Weekly Notice to Mariners.
higher and confused seas. In addition, these NE seas encounter The following MARAD Advisories are in effect in the geo-
opposing currents of 3 to 5 knots, resulting in a sharp increase graphic area of the North Atlantic Ocean:
in wave heights and much steeper wave slopes. Waves may 1. MARAD Advisory 2016-3 (issued 13 September
even break. This action causes problems for small craft navi- 2016)—Zika Virus.
gating inlets in wave heights of less than 1m. With 6.1to 9.1m 2. MARAD Advisory 2005-1 (issued 22 July 2005)—Re-
seas, the result is dangerous to any ship. To avoid this problem, porting Maritime Terrorist Incidents.
it is often best in late winter and spring to cross the Gulf
Stream as far E as possible, since the cold air should be modi- Maritime Administration (MARAD) Home Page
fied somewhat, reducing the instability effect.
Newfoundland.—The waters off Newfoundland are among http://www.marad.dot.gov
the stormiest in the world. In the SE part of this region, the fre-
quent passage of intensifying extratropical cyclones is reflect-
ed in a high frequency of rough seas. During late autumn and Climatology
winter, seas exceed 1.5m more than 90 per cent of the time. Al-
though mountainous seas (equal to or greater than 12m) have General
never been reported in this region, there have been numerous The Naval Research Laboratory Monterey, a corporate re-
reports of 6.1m waves near the E apex of this region. Waves as search laboratory for the United States Navy and Marine
high as 15m have been observed in nearby waters on several Corps, publishes port studies and forecaster handbooks that
occasions during the winter months. Although storms are less may be of use to the mariner. These publications can be ac-
Pub. 140
cessed at the Naval Research Laboratory web site. Wind shifts are frequent. During the transitional period in
spring and fall, winds are even more variable than in winter.
Naval Research Laboratory Monterey Home Page Gales blow less often as summer approaches. By July, they are
occurring less than 2 per cent of the time in the open seas.
http://www.nrlmry.navy.mil/pubs.htm During the summer, winds with a S component blow more of-
ten; SW and S winds occur about one-half of the time. Septem-
The African Severe Weather Port Guide contains informa- ber winds are quite variable, while October marks a return to
tion on the following ports: winter conditions.
1. Cape Verde Islands—Mindelo. Coastal and Local Winds.—Topography and a slight sea
2. Morocco—Tangier. breeze effect are the main differences between coastal and off-
The European Severe Weather Port Guide contains informa- shore winds.
tion on the following ports: In the Bay of Fundy in winter, prevailing winds are from the
1. France—Brest. N through NE compared to the SW through NW winds that
2. Ireland—Cobh. blow along the exposed E coast of Nova Scotia. From Decem-
3. Morocco—Tangier. ber through March or April in both these areas, gales blow on 2
4. Portugal—Lisbon. to 4 days per month and wind speeds average 8 to 14 knots.
5. Spain—Ferrol and Rota. From May through November, winds are mostly S through SW
6. United Kingdom—Faslane and Greenock. in the Bay of Fundy and S through W along the E coast of No-
The Hurricane Haven Handbook North Atlantic contains in- va Scotia. Gales are rare and average wind speeds range from 6
formation on the following ports: to 10 knots. Sea breezes are most likely in spring when there
1. Bermuda. are some days with sunny weather.
2. Canada—Halifax, Nova Scotia. In the Gulf of St. Lawrence and the St. Lawrence River,
3. Portugal—Ponta Delgada, Azores. winds, particularly strong winds, tend to blow along the lie of
the land. In straits and channels, winds tend to blow along,
Northwest North Atlantic Ocean (including the Bay of Fun- rather than across, the passages. A slight land-sea breeze effect
dy; the Gulf of St. Lawrence; the St. Lawrence River; the is noticeable in summer, particularly along the N shores of the
Atlantic coasts of Nova Scotia, Newfoundland, and Labra- St. Lawrence River. In general, winds along the Gulf of St.
dor; and Hudson Bay) Lawrence coasts are similar to those in the open sea, with W
General.—The climate of these coasts, which are under both through N winds common in winter and SW through W fa-
maritime and continental influences, is one of cold snowy win- vored in summer. Winds often blow along the St. Lawrence
ters and mild rainy foggy summers. The N part of the region, River, giving rise to an abundance of SW and NE winds. Gales
unnavigable during a good part of the year, presents fewer nav- are most likely from November through March and can be ex-
igational weather hazards than the waters off Nova Scotia, pected on 2 to 4 days per month in the Gulf of St. Lawrence
Newfoundland, and southern Labrador, where storm-generated and on 1 or 2 days per month along the St. Lawrence River.
gales and freezing temperatures in winter, and frequent dense The E coasts of Newfoundland and Labrador are high and
fog in summer, are constant problems. This area lies in the path rugged, with deep indentations and fjords that result in many
of several climatic storm tracks and is even occasionally local winds. The general wind pattern in fall and winter is SW
whipped by winds from tropical cyclones or their remnants. through NW. South winds are frequent at Cartwright, while at
Extratropical Cyclones.—The storms that move across this Hebron, W winds blow 60 per cent of the time. Winds are often
region are abundant year round; however, they are more severe strong from September through April, when they average 12 to
from fall through spring than in summer. During winter about 16 knots and gales blow on 1 to 4 days per month. Spring
one-half of these storms generate winds of 28 knots or more winds are variable, but there is an increase in NE and N winds
over a fairly large area. During the spring this figure drops to at many locations. In the summer, SW through W winds are
one-third. By summer, less than 20 per cent of the extra-tropi- common. At Argentia, these winds are almost exclusively S. If
cal systems are generating near-gale or gale-force winds, with conditions are right, an afternoon sea breeze will bring winds
occurrences of less than 10 per cent in some areas. out of the N through E along these coasts.
Strong summer winds are most likely in the Strait of Belle Coastal winds in the Hudson Strait-Hudson Bay region are
Isle and in Hudson Strait. Throughout the year, storms move influenced by topography and, in the summer, the land-sea ef-
across this region on a NE or E track. In the N part of the area fect, during periods of quiet weather. At Cape Hopes Advance
some storms move toward the SE. Under average conditions, in Hudson Strait, NW winds are frequent year round and blow
two or three storm centers pass within 150 miles of any loca- more than 30 per cent of the time from September through
tion each month. June. Ship observations in the early fall seem to verify this pre-
General Winds.—The abundance of extratropical cyclones ponderance of these NW winds. During the spring, there is a
from fall through spring accounts for the strength and the vari- noticeable increase in E and SE winds; they become most com-
ability of the winds in the offshore waters. Gales are most fre- mon in summer. Gales can occur in summer, but are most like-
quent off Labrador, where they blow 20 to 25 per cent of the ly from September through January, when they blow on an
time from December through February. On the Grand Banks of average of 4 to 8 days per month; wind speeds average as much
Newfoundland, they occur 10 to 12 per cent of the time from as 17 knots during this time. The effect of topography can be
December through March. While strong winds most often blow seen at Lake Harbour, on the N side of Hudson Strait, where N
from the SW through NW, as do all winds during this period, winds prevail from fall through spring and S wind are the most
gales also ride SE and NE wind. common wind in summer; N winds are second most frequent.
Pub. 140
Along the shores of the frozen Hudson Bay in winter, SW Precipitation during this period occurs on 10 to 17 days per
through NW winds prevail. Along the W coast, N winds are al- month. Snow is most likely in October and November, when an
so frequent, as are S winds in southern James Bay. Spring average of 20 to 40cm falls on 10 to 16 days per month; maxi-
winds become more variable and there is an increase in winds mum 24-hour snowfalls of 25 to 35cm have been recorded.
with an E component. In summer at many locations, NE and E Temperature.—Temperatures in this region show a wide
winds blow as much as, or more than, S through NW winds. At annual and area variation as well as large changes within a day
Port Nelson in June, NE wind blow about 30 per cent of the and within a month. Along the coasts exposure to the sea is an
time in the morning and more than 50 per cent of the time important factor in the temperature regime. Many locations in
during the afternoon, while NW winds, off the land, decrease the Gulf of St. Lawrence and upriver are continental in nature,
in frequency during the day. Autumn winds are variable, as SW resulting in large diurnal variations. Temperature in a winter
through NW winds begin to take over. Gales are most likely month can vary by as much as 28°C. Extreme highs in the Gulf
from fall through spring, when they blow on 1 to 4 days per of St. Lawrence have climbed into the upper single digits (°C)
month on the average. During the summer, they can be expect- in winter while lows have reached the -34° to -21°C range. At
ed usually on no more than 1 day per month. maritime locations the difference in extremes shrinks. For ex-
Summer wind speeds average 8 to 12 knots; these increase to ample, at Sable Island the January high is 8.9°C, while the low
12 to 15 knots by autumn. is -12.2°C The annual range in temperatures is greatest in the
Precipitation.—Days with rain and snow are plentiful along Hudson Bay region, where the difference between average
the shores of this region. On the average precipitation falls on winter and summer temperatures may exceed 39°C.
100 to 180 days annually. There is no dry or rainy season, but Along the shores of the Bay of Fundy and the Gulf of St.
summer may have slightly fewer rainy days. Amounts vary, but Lawrence and on the Atlantic coasts of Nova Scotia and New-
in general they range from 890 to 1,525mm per year S of foundland, winter daytime highs range from the low single dig-
northeastern Labrador. Spring is often the least rainy period. its below 0°C at sheltered ports to the low single digits (°C) at
Because of the cold temperatures decreasing the moisture-car- those that are exposed to the sea. Nighttime lows on the aver-
rying ability of the air and the lack of moisture in winter over age drop to the low single digits to upper teens below 0°C
frozen Hudson Strait and Hudson Bay, annual average precipi- range. Extremes drop to below 18°C and in the Gulf of St.
tation amounts in the N range from 255 to 510mm. Precipita- Lawrence range from -26° to -34°C. Temperatures are more
tion still falls on 100 to 150 days annually in this N region. The continental up the St. Lawrence River, where average daily
snow season runs from October through April or May in the S maximums are in the single digits below 0°C. Average daily
and from September through June in Hudson Bay and Hudson minimums range from about +13.3° to -22.2°C, with extremes
Strait. of -34.4° to -48.3°C. In this region, high temperatures in winter
Along the Atlantic coasts of Newfoundland and Nova Scotia have reached the low to upper teens (°C).
and on the Bay of Fundy shores, 76 to 152mm of precipitation Winter temperatures change drastically along the Labrador
occur on 8 to 15 days per month on the average; low precipita- coast. Daytime highs in the upper single digits below 0°C in
tion day figures occur most often in summer, while the lowest the S drop to the lower teens below 0°C in the N, while night-
amounts are often recorded in spring. Snow is most likely in time lows are in the teens below 0°C. Extremes have reached
January and February. Along the Newfoundland coast, 510 to the -34.4°C. In the unnavigable Hudson Strait and Hudson Bay
890mm fall on 8 to 15 days; a little less falls around Nova Sco- in midwinter, daytime highs range from the low teens to the
tia. Maximum 24-hour snowfalls of up to 76cm have occurred. low 20s below 0°C, while average nighttime lows drop to the
Extreme 24-hour rainfall amounts range from 125 to 250mm; mid 20s to mid 30s below 0°C. Extremes have been recorded in
most have been recorded in the fall. the -45° to -51°C range.
Along the shores of the Gulf of St. Lawrence and up the St. Temperatures begin to climb everywhere in March and by
Lawrence River, an average of 75 to 125mm of precipitation May daytime highs in the mid single digits to mid teens (°C)
occurs on 10 to 20 days per month. Average amounts are gen- are common S of Labrador, except along the St. Lawrence Riv-
erally lowest in spring while rainy days are least in summer. er, where they have already climbed into the upper teens (°C).
While snow falls from October through April, it is worst from They remain above freezing, on the average, along the Labra-
December through February, when an average of 50 to 100cm dor coast and range from -3.9° to 4.4°C in the Hudson Strait
falls on 10 to 15 days per month. Extreme 24-hour snowfalls of and Hudson Bay. Nighttime lows are usually about 5.6° to
15 to 25 inches have occurred. Maximum 24-hour rainfall 8.3FC cooler, except up the St. Lawrence River, where they run
amounts range from 75 to 150mm and have occurred most of- 11.1° to 10.9°C cooler.
ten in summer and fall. July and August are the warmest months. South of Labrador,
Along the Labrador coast, precipitation amounts decrease N. daytime highs usually climb into the upper teens to low 20s
In the S, 50 to 100mm fall on 13 to 16 days per month, while in (°C), except along the St. Lawrence River, where the continen-
the N, less than 25 to 50mm fall on 8 to 15 days per month. At tal effect boosts some averages to near 26.7°C. Nights are usu-
Cartwright, 50 to 90cm of snow fall on 12 to 15 days per month ally 8.3° to 11.2°C cooler on the average. Extremes range from
from December through April; 90cm fell once in a 24-hour pe- 29.4° to 37.8°C, depending upon exposure to the sea. Along
riod. At Resolution Island, 12.5 to 25cm of snow fall on 7 to 15 the coast of Labrador, daytime temperatures in the low to upper
days per month from October through April; 38cm once fell in teens (°C) are common, with nighttime temperatures dipping
a 24-hour period. In Hudson Strait and along the shores of the into the upper single digits (°C). Extremes range from 29.4° to
Hudson Bay, less than 25 to 50mm of precipitation are record- 37.8°C.
ed on 5 to 17 days per month. Highest amounts and most pre- In Hudson Bay and Hudson Strait in summer, average daily
cipitation days occur from July through November. maximums range from the upper single digits (°C) at exposed
Pub. 140
locations to the upper teens (°C) at more continental ports. more than 1 day about 30 per cent of the time. While this fog is
Nights are generally 8.3° to 11.2°C cooler. Extremes range most frequent off Cape Race, it occurs all along the Labrador
from 22.8°C at Nottingham Harbor to 33.3°C at Port Nelson. Current from the N tip of Labrador to the Bay of Fundy. Ad-
Temperatures begin to fall in September. By October, aver- vection fog also occurs over the Hudson Bay in late summer
age daytime highs are running in the upper single digits to low and early fall.
teens (°C) along the coasts S of Labrador. Nighttime lows Radiation (land) fog is mainly a fall and winter phenomenon.
range from freezing to the mid single digits (°C). Along the It forms on calm clear cold nights and drifts out over coastal
Labrador coast, daytime highs in the mid to upper single digits waters. It usually dissipates during the morning. It is less fre-
(°C) and nighttime lows below freezing are common. In Hud- quent and much more local than advection fog. Sometimes a
son Strait and Hudson Bay, average daily maximums are in the steam fog will occur if the air is about 11°C cooler than the sea.
low single digits (°C), while daily minimums are mostly in the This is similar to hot water steaming at normal room tempera-
low single digits below zero (°C), but do fall into the upper sin- tures. These unstable conditions exist for short periods, usually
gle digits below zero (°C) in some sheltered spots. along narrow bands of open water immediately adjacent to
Humidity.—Like temperatures, relative humidities are af- land or icebound regions. Snow and rain can also reduce visi-
fected by exposure. bilities.
Around the shores of the Bay of Fundy, the Gulf of St. Law- July is usually the foggiest month. Off Cape Race, visibili-
rence, and the Atlantic shores of Newfoundland and Nova Sco- ties drop below 0.5 mile 30 per cent to more than 40 per cent of
tia, average relative humidities in the late fall and winter are in the time. These poor visibilities occur 20 per cent to more than
the 80 per cent range. This is usually either the annual high or 30 per cent of the time off the northern Newfoundland-south-
low average, depending upon exposure. At maritime locations ern Labrador coast, eastern Nova Scotia, and in the Bay of
like Cape Race, Belle Isle, Sable Island, and Yarmouth, it rep- Fundy. Frequencies are less than 10 per cent elsewhere and are
resents a low, and relative humidities increase to the upper 80s less than 5 percent in the Hudson Strait, Hudson Bay, and St.
to mid-90s (per cent) in summer. The diurnal variation is small Lawrence River. Other summer months are a little less foggy.
at these locations, but humidities are highest in the early morn- By September, visibilities less than 0.5 mile occur 10 per cent
ing and lowest during the afternoon. At more continental loca- or more of the time only off eastern Newfoundland and on the
tions like Chatham and Charlottetown, highest relative Grand Banks of Newfoundland. Poor visibilities are relatively
humidities occur in late fall and winter when temperatures are infrequent until May, when the summer buildup begins.
low. Average relative humidities at these locations reach a min- Fog at ports and land stations depends very much on expo-
imum in May, when they drop to the 70 per cent range. This sure. At Cape Race and Belle Isle, visibilities drop below 0.5
annual variation also holds for the St. Lawrence River, except mile on an average of 10 to 20 days per month from April
that late fall and winter values are in the low 80s (per cent), through September; a July peak of 21 days at Cape Race and
while May humidities are in the low 60 to 70 per cent range. 19 days at Belle Isle are this foggy on the average. Along the
Diurnal variations are large, particularly in summer, at conti- shores of the Gulf of St. Lawrence and the Bay of Fundy, visi-
nental locations. In the N, lowest relative humidities (70 per bilities drop below 0.5 mile on 5 to 15 days per month from
cent range) are recorded during the frozen winter when mois- April through September; this occurs on an average of 21 days
ture is scarce. Humidities climb into the mid-80 to 90 per cent in July at Yarmouth. However, Wolfville in the Minas Basin re-
range in spring and fall, when more moisture is available and cords only 14 days each year with these visibilities. At conti-
temperatures are still cold enough that the air is easily saturat- nental locations like Montreal and Quebec, visibilities drop to
ed. Early morning highs and afternoon lows are apparent along less than 0.5 mile on 25 to 30 days annually; this is most likely
these N coasts, especially in summer. to occur from fall through spring. Along the Labrador coast fog
Cloud Cover.—South of Labrador it is cloudiest in winter occurs on about 1 to 6 days per month from April through Sep-
and usually least cloudy in fall, except along the St. Lawrence tember. In Hudson Strait, visibilities drop below 0.5 mile on 5
River, where fall is often the cloudiest time and summer least to 15 days per month from June through September. Along the
cloudy. In areas susceptible to sea fog, summer is almost as shores of Hudson and James Bays, these visibilities occur on
cloudy as winter, when skies are overcast (cloud cover equal to about 4 to 8 days per month from June through September. At
or greater than 8/10) three-quarters of the time. During the exposed Inoucdjouac (Port Harrison), this frequency increases
least cloudy seasons, skies are overcast about one-half the to 6 to 12 days per month, while at sheltered Moosonee, in
time. Along the Labrador coast and in Hudson Strait and Hud- James Bay, it drops to 2 to 4 days per month.
son Bay, fall and spring are the grayest seasons, while the peri-
od January through March is least cloudy. In September and Northeast North Atlantic Ocean (including Foroyar
October, skies are overcast about three-quarters of the time, (Faeroe Islands), the British Isles, the W coast of Europe
while during February and March this condition occurs about from Ile d’Ouessant to the Strait of Gibraltar, and the Ar-
one-third of the time. quipelago dos Acores)
Visibility.—The coastal waters of E and southeastern New- General.—The climate in this region is influenced by the
foundland are among the foggiest in the world. When warm air North Atlantic Ocean, particularly the remnants of the Gulf
over the Gulf Stream is carried across the cold Labrador Cur- Stream, the wintertime Icelandic Low and the storms that cre-
rent, a thick fog forms. While this advection (sea) fog occurs ate it, and the North Atlantic Subtropical High. These features
most often in summer, when the necessary S winds are fre- result in mild rainy (particularly in the N) winters and cool rel-
quent, it can and does occur in any season. It may persist for atively dry summers. Weather is in general more variable and
more than a week and blanket several thousand square miles. windier in the N. The Subtropical High is a quieting influence
During the summer, visibilities of less than 12 mile persist for in the S, even in winter. Its control is strongest in summer and
Pub. 140
extends to all but the most N regions, where weak lows still cent) and strong (15 to 17 knots).
bring rain and clouds. Sea fog occasionally hampers visibili- Summer winds blow out of the SW through NW more than
ties. one-half the time from the Bay of Biscay to Foroyar (Faroe Is-
Arquipelago dos Acores (Azores) are under the influence of lands). South of Cabo Finisterre, N winds prevail, with fre-
extratropical lows throughout most of the year. The weather is quent NW through NE winds off Cabo Finisterre and E winds
therefore variable, with considerable cloudiness and some rain- still fairly common near the Strait of Gibraltar. Summer gales
fall in all seasons. Normally only 7 or 8 lows actually pass over are encountered less than 2 per cent of the time in all offshore
the islands each year and severe storms are neither common waters except W of Ireland in August, where they occur about
nor prolonged, yet the weather is constantly disturbed by the S 4 per cent of the time.
extremities of weak cold fronts sweeping E over the North At- During autumn, gales become more frequent while wind di-
lantic Ocean. Only in the months of July and August when the rection becomes more variable. September gales are infre-
North Atlantic High moves N over the area do periods of ideal quent. October gales are encountered more than 5 per cent of
weather persist. Conditions are most favorable for navigation the time N of the English Channel and up to 14 per cent of the
from June through September. At this time winds are light, de- time W of Ireland. By November, they are blowing at a fre-
pressions infrequent, and visibilities good. Winter and early quency close to that of winter. North of the Channel, S and SW
spring would be the least favorable because of the frequency of winds are occurring up to 40 per cent of the time. In the S, N
strong winds, reduced visibilities, and rough seas. winds, while still prevailing, are waning; winds with E compo-
Extratropical Cyclones.—North Atlantic Ocean storms are nents are becoming more frequent. Near the Strait of Gibraltar,
the most important weather producers in these waters. While E winds are blowing 18 to 20 per cent of the time at speeds of
they most often move to the N of the British Isles, their circula- 12 to 14 knots.
tions and fronts can produce weather over the entire region. In Arquipelago dos Acores, the surface wind direction is
Sometimes they rapidly move through, one storm following variable throughout the year, although NW winds prevail over
another, while at other times they lumber through at a snail’s the W islands. The average wind speed is about 16 knots in
pace. Most dangerous are those large storms that stall over the winter and 9 knots in summer over the ocean. Along the coast,
central North Atlantic Ocean and sweep the area with strong wind speed and direction vary widely according to exposure.
SW winds, creating heavy seas for long periods. These extra- Thus, wind speeds at Horta are slightly higher than over the ad-
tropical cyclones are plentiful year round, but are most severe joining water areas, while at Ponta Delgada, the exposure is
in winter. such that wind speeds are only half that of the adjoining water
General Winds.—In the offshore waters, winter is the wind- area. Land and sea breezes are well developed throughout the
iest season. In the seas between northwest Ireland and Foroyar year, resulting in morning calms an hour or two after sunrise,
(Faroe Islands), gales are encountered 12 to 18 per cent of the and a similar calm period near sunset. Gale force winds are
time in the worst month, which is usually December. Winter most frequent in winter (6 per cent) and least in summer (less
gales are only a little less frequent (10 to 16 percent) off south- than 1 per cent).
ern Ireland and in the Irish Sea. Winter winds north of the En- Coastal Winds.—Descriptions of coastal winds in this re-
glish Channel are mainly out of the S through NW, and these gion are, as follows:
are also usually the strongest winds; sometimes gales ride SE 1. British Isles.—Along the W coasts of England and
winds between Scotland and Foroyar (Faroe Islands). Scotland and on the shores of Ireland, winds blow most often
In the Bay of Biscay, SW through NE winds are frequent. from the S through W. Since these coasts are irregular, there
Gales blow 10 to 13 per cent of the time in December, usually are many local wind effects. In narrow inlets, winds may fol-
the worst month. This frequency drops to 4 to 9 per cent in Jan- low the direction of the inlet and increase in strength. Winds
uary. South of Cabo Finisterre, the Subtropical High is partly are usually strongest from October through March when
responsible for the frequent N through NE winter winds; E gales blow on 3 to 10 days per month along the Atlantic
winds are also common E of Cabo de Sao Vicente. Winter coasts and 1 to 5 days per month along other shores.
gales become less frequent toward the S. They blow about 10 Strong winds are most frequent along coasts exposed to
per cent of the time off Cabo Finisterre, but only about 3 per winds from the S through W. Along the Atlantic coasts, gales
cent of the time near the entrance to the Strait of Gibraltar. Just often ride southwest winds. Winds have gusted to 80 to 100
W of the Strait of Gibraltar, E winds, known as levanters, blow- knots along these exposed shores. December and January are
ing at 15 to 20 knots, are encountered about 15 to 20 per cent usually the roughest months. Along these exposed coasts,
of the time in winter. average wind speeds run 14 to 18 knots from October
In the N, spring winds are even more variable, due to closer through March. In more protected waters like the Irish Sea,
passage of lows, while off the Atlantic coasts of Spain and Por- winds blow at about 8 to 12 knots.
tugal, the building North Atlantic High has begun to stabilize In spring, winds are quite variable. In addition to the S
wind directions. As storms become less intense, winds weaken through W flow, N and NE winds are common in St.
throughout the region. Gales are most likely NW, of Ireland George’s Channel, while E and SE winds blow often in the
where they blow about 5 to 6 per cent of the time. North of the Irish Sea. South winds are common in the North Channel
English Channel, S through NW winds are still common, while and along the S coast of Ireland. Northwest through E winds
in the Bay of Biscay they frequently blow from the W through are frequently encountered along the Atlantic coasts.
NE; this reflects the changeover to summer. This changeover is The sea breeze is most apparent in summer, particularly at
more apparent S of Cabo Finisterre, where N winds blow one- sheltered locations. In many places along these coasts it sim-
third of the time and NW through NE winds prevail. West of ply reinforces the prevailing onshore winds, making them
the Strait of Gibraltar, E winds remain frequent (15 to 20 per more persistent and stronger during the afternoon. For exam-
Pub. 140
ple, at Pointe du Rocher, S winds that blow 8 per cent of the 1. Foroyar (Faroe Islands).—Fjeldkasten are squalls
time on July mornings blow 21 per cent of the time during that blow down the hills and through the gorges in Foroyar.
the afternoons. An increase in wind speeds, usually 2 to 5 They are often violent and there is little warning of their on-
knots, during the day is often a clear indication of the sea set, as they can occur even in fair weather.
breeze effect. Afternoon wind speeds range from 8 knots in 2. Coasts of Spain and Portugal.—The vendavales is a
protected waters to about 14 or 15 knots along exposed SW gale that may occur anywhere along the Spanish-Portu-
shores. Gales are infrequent from May through September. guese coast. It often precedes a cold front or low moving into
2. Bay of Biscay.—Along the shores of the Bay of Bis- the Mediterranean Sea, and is most likely in the winter half
cay, gales are most likely from October through March. of the year.
North of Rochefort they occur on an average of 5 to 10 days The nordeste pardo is a NE gale that occasionally blows
per month. To the S, the average is 1 to 4 days per month. off the NW coast of Spain. Pub. 140, 3rd edition 1988
Along the coast of France, winds out of the SW through W A strong NW wind, often reaching gale force, that blows
are common all year round. They are most persistent during along the N coasts of Spain is called a galerna. These coasts,
spring and summer afternoons when reinforced by the sea protected by mountains against the strong S flow ahead of a
breeze. Northwest winds are also frequent during summer storm to the N, are fully exposed to the strong NW winds
afternoons for the same reason. Winds from the SE and E are that follow the passage of a cold front or storm to the N. This
common in winter while NE winds often blow in fall and wind is usually accompanied by rain squalls and occasional-
spring. ly snow showers in winter. In summer, it often causes a rapid
Along the N coast of Spain, winds are most often out of drop in temperature and sometimes comes in on showers or
the NE through SW at 8 to 10 knots from October through thunderstorms.
March. By March there is the hint of a sea breeze as after- The foehn is a wind that occurs in mountainous regions
noon winds often blow from the N; W and NW winds are al- throughout the world. Sometimes with a low to the W of
so common on spring and summer afternoons. Morning Spain and a high to the E, strong S winds may occur. They
winds blow most frequently from the S through SW. This are intensified by local topographic conditions as they blow
pattern lasts until October. into the Bay of Biscay along the N coast of Spain. A ship re-
3. West Coasts of Spain and Portugal.—Winter storms port of this condition one February had winds of 60 to 70
and their associated fronts bring variable, sometimes strong, knots at anchorage at Ria del Barquero.
winds from about October through March. North winds are 3. Strait of Gibraltar.—The levanter is an E wind in the
frequent, but winds are often from the N through NE. How- Strait of Gibraltar that usually blows at 15 to 20 knots and
ever, the strongest winds are often out of the S through SW. occurs with a low centered over the western Mediterranean
Gales usually occur on no more than 1 day per month Sea. It is most frequent from October through May.
during this period and are most likely N of Lisboa. In the Poniente are frequent W winds in the Strait of Gibraltar
summer, the land-sea breeze regime modifies the normal and its vicinity.
clockwise flow around the North Atlantic High within 10 to Contraste is the Spanish nautical term for a sudden change
15 miles of the shore. Morning winds of about 6 to 8 knots of wind by which it becomes foul or contrary.
are mainly out of the N, while afternoon breezes usually The leveche is a hot, dry, and often dusty S wind which
have an offshore component at speeds of 10 to 15 knots; SW may be encountered in the vicinity of the Strait of Gibraltar.
through NW winds are common. Its approach is heralded by an arch of brownish cloud on the
When the pressure gradient is strong, N winds can prevail southern horizon. It is often an extension of the sirocco, a hot
all day; these are part of the Northeast Trade Winds. The per- dry wind from the Sahara Desert.
sistent winds from the NW through NE are also known as the Precipitation.—In the offshore waters, precipitation is most
Portuguese Trades. At Lisboa, they blow about 78 per cent of frequent from November through April, with a peak occurring
the time in July. usually in December or January. During the peak months, pre-
4. Gulf of Cadiz.—Late fall and winter winds are quite cipitation can be expected 18 to 25 per cent of the time in the
variable. Calms, as well as light winds from the N through seas off Ireland and Scotland, decreasing to 7 to 9 per cent of
SE, are frequent during the morning hours. By afternoon, the time in the entrance to the Strait of Gibraltar. Most of this
winds often blow from the W through N. Gales are infre- winter precipitation falls as rain. Snow is rare S of the entrance
quent, but most likely in winter and spring. Wind speeds are to the English Channel. It falls less than 1 per cent of the time
highest in spring and early summer afternoons when they av- in the waters off Ireland and about 2 per cent of the time in Jan-
erage 6 to 12 knots, thanks to the sea breeze effect; morning uary in the sea area between Northern Ireland and the Hebrides
winds range from 4 to 8 knots. Islands. Snow is most likely N of Scotland, where it falls from
From March through November, the land-sea breeze effect 1 to 3 per cent of the time from December through February.
and the clockwise flow around the Subtropical High influ- Summer is usually the driest time of the year in offshore wa-
ence wind directions. Morning winds are usually off the ters. Rain falls about 10 per cent of the time N of the entrance
land, out of the E through SE along the E shore of the Gulf of to the English Channel and less than 5 per cent of the time to
Cadiz. By afternoon, SW through W winds off the water are the S.
common. Similar conditions of onshore-offshore winds also Along the coasts of Ireland, England, and Scotland, an aver-
exist along the N shore, where the N clockwise flow exerts a age of 760 to 1,250mm of rain falls on about 200 to 250 days
strong influence. annually. This breaks down into quite a few days with drizzle
Local Winds.—Descriptions of local winds in this region and light rain, particularly when compared with a tropical port
are, as follows: like Freetown, which averages 3,480mm of rain over 148 days
Pub. 140
annually. While rain falls year round on these shores, it is a lit- tures N of Bordeaux on the average reach the to upper single
tle more frequent in August, and from October through Janu- digits (°C) during the day. Daytime temperatures to the S range
ary; in December an average of 75 to 175mm falls on 20 to 26 from the low teens (°C) to around 15.6°C at Rota. At night,
days. Even in the driest months of May and June, about 50mm temperatures fall to the low to mid single digits (°C) from the
of rain fall on 13 to 16 days each month on the average. shores of the Bay of Biscay N. South of Cabo Finisterre, mini-
Snow is most frequent on Scottish shores, where it falls on mum temperatures are usually in the upper single digits (°C).
about 25 to 35 days from October through March. Along the Temperatures are most likely to drop below freezing at conti-
coasts of England and Ireland, it snows on about 5 to 15 days nental ports like Bordeaux. and Nantes, where this occurs on
total from November through March. Thunderstorms occur on 35 to 45 days annually. North of the English Channel, below-
about 3 to 10 days each year along these coasts. They are most freezing temperatures occur on the average of less than 35 days
likely during the summer. annually; less than 15 days at many exposed locations. South
Along the French shores of the Bay of Biscay S to about of the English Channel, freezing temperatures can be expected
Bordeaux, about 635 to 890mm of rain falls on 150 to 200 days on only a couple of days, except at sheltered ports along the
annually; frequencies in general increase N. October through French coast.
March are the rainy months. December is often the rainiest, July and August are the warmest months. Daily maximums
when an average of 75 to 100mm falls on about 18 to 22 days. range from the upper teens (°C) in the British Isles to the mid
From November through March, snow is likely on a total of 3 20s (°C) along the Bay of Biscay and the Atlantic coasts of
or 4 days. Summer is the driest time. Thunderstorms, however, Spain and Portugal to the upper 20s (°C) along the S coasts.
are most likely in summer, when they develop on 10 to 25 days Temperatures at Rota reach 32.2°C or more on about 16 sum-
on the average. They are most frequent at upriver ports like mer days. This is common along the S coasts and also at well-
Bordeaux, occurring on 3 to 4 days per month from April sheltered Atlantic ports like Lisboa and Bordeaux. However, at
through September. Rain is even more likely S of Bordeaux exposed locations along all coasts 32.2°C temperatures are ra-
and along the N coast of Spain. Annual averages range from re. During the summer, night minimum temperatures range
760 to 1,520mm on 130 to 160 days. Some of this increase in from the upper single digits (°C) in the N to the upper teens
amounts is due to the coastal mountains. December is usually (°C) near the Strait of Gibraltar.
the wettest month, when 100 to 200mm of precipitation falls In Arquipelago dos Acores, temperatures are coolest from
on 15 to 18 days; snow is infrequent close to sea level. July and January through March, when average daily maximums are in
August are usually the driest months of the year; an average of the mid teens (°C) with minimums in the low teens (°C). Tem-
25 to 75mm of rain falls on about 6 to 8 days each month. peratures hit a peak in August, when daytime highs often reach
Thunderstorms develop on a couple of days each month during the mid 20s (°C) and nighttime lows fall into the upper teens
the summer. (°C). Extremes have reached the low 30s (°C) in summer and
Along the Atlantic coasts of Portugal and Spain about 1,010 low single digits (°C) in winter.
to 1,525mm of rain is measured along the N shores, decreasing Humidity.—At sea, relative humidity is dependent on tem-
to about 635mm around Lisboa and to 405mm at Cabo de Sao perature; along the coast both temperature and exposure affect
Vicente. October through March is the rainy period, when mea- it. Daily minimum values usually occur during the afternoon
surable rain falls on 10 to 16 days per month in the N and 5 to when temperatures are highest, while maximum relative hu-
10 days per month in the S; snow is rare. Thunderstorms are in- midities occur during the early morning hours.
frequent, occurring on about 1 day per month N of Lisboa and In the offshore waters, humidities are high year round, with a
less to the S. At high elevations near the coast, like Porto, thun- slight peak in the summer months. Average relative humidities
derstorms occur on 2 to 3 days during some months, but there range from about 80 to 90 per cent, the lowest values usually
is not necessarily a summertime maximum. occurring in spring or late fall. The diurnal variation is about
The dry region extends from Cabo de Sao Vicente along the 15 per cent or less. In the entrance to the Strait of Gibraltar, the
southern coasts of Portugal and Spain. Annual averages of air is a little drier; average relative humidities are in the 70 per
380mm increase E to about 635mm at Rota. During the rainy cent range year round, with a maximum in summer.
period from October through April, rain falls on about 6 to 14 At some coastal locations in N waters, the diurnal variation
days per month. Thunderstorms occur on about 8 to 17 days is very small. At Wick, Scotland, for example, early morning
annually and are most likely in autumn. relative humidities reach the low 90 per cent range year round.
In Arquipelago dos Acores, the average monthly rainfall is During the afternoon they drop 1 to 3 per cent in winter and
greatest in January. About one-third of the annual rainfall oc- about 7 per cent in summer. This compares to Rota, Spain,
curs in April through September. June, July, and August ac- where the difference between morning and afternoon relative
count for only about one-tenth of the annual rainfall. Even in humidities runs 10 to 12 per cent in winter and up to 20 per
the driest months of the year, however, Arquipelago dos cent in summer.
Acores have appreciable rainfall. The annual number of thun- Over most of the region, early morning, late fall or winter
derstorm days increases from E to W, with 8 days in Ponta Del- relative humidities reach 80 to 90 per cent. By afternoon, they
gada and 13 days in Santa Cruz. There is little seasonal drop into the 70 per cent range, except at exposed coastal loca-
variation; however, thunderstorms are least frequent in May tions along French and English coasts, where they fall about 5
through September. Snow is not observed on the coasts. per cent or so. Relative humidities are more complex during
Temperature.—January and February are the coolest the summer. Along exposed coastlines, maximum relative hu-
months of the usually mild winter. Winds off the water keep midities are often highest in late summer or early fall. Howev-
temperatures an average of 5.5° to 11.0°C higher along these er, minimum relative humidities may be lower than in winter.
coasts than along the North American coast. Winter tempera- In general, they reach the upper 80 per cent range in the morn-
Pub. 140
ing and fall to the upper 60 to mid 70 per cent range during the 9 days. However, most of the coast is relatively fog-free in
heat of the day. This does not hold, however, along the S coasts summer. Coastal fog in these waters is worst along the E shores
of Spain and Portugal, where summer humidities are lowest. of the Irish Sea, and in St. George’s Channel and Bristol Chan-
Here they reach the mid 70 per cent range during the morning nel. Both land and sea fog are prevalent and local conditions
and fall to the mid 50 per cent range during the afternoon, vary considerably. Sheltered spots like Cardiff and Birkenhead
mainly due to the warmer temperatures along these coasts. experience fog on 80 to 100 days per year, with a peak from
In Arquipelago dos Acores, the mean relative humidity about November through March. More exposed locations ex-
throughout the year is about 75 to 80 per cent, with a maximum perience sea fog in the summer, but less land fog. Along the
at night and a minimum in the afternoon. other coasts fog is relatively infrequent, occurring on less than
Cloud Cover.—Winter cloudiness is abundant, a result of 20 days annually. In the winter, land fog formation is aided by
extratropical storms. On the coast, land fog adds to this cloudi- smoke and pollution in industrial areas.
ness, particularly in the morning. Summer is less cloudy in the In the Bay of Biscay, fog is less frequent than in offshore wa-
S waters, where the Subtropical High dominates. However, it is ters to the N. There is still a summertime maximum, when vis-
abundant in the N, where weak lows and sea fog are frequent. ibilities drop below 0.5 mile about 1 per cent of the time. On
In winter, cloud cover averages 4/8 to 6/8 in the offshore waters the coast, winter land fog is often more of a factor, except at lo-
of this area; the cloudiest region is from the entrance to the En- cations exposed to S through SW winds, like Punta de la Estaca
glish Channel to the N, while the least cloudy area is Golfo de de Bares; here sea fog is frequent in summer (about 10 days) in
Cadiz. Overcast or obscured sky conditions occur on about 15 June. A definite wintertime fog maximum exists at ports that
to 20 per cent of all winter days in Golfo de Cadiz and 20 to 30 are located upriver, such as Nantes and Bordeaux, where fog
per cent of all winter days along the Atlantic coasts of Spain forms on 60 to 80 days annually and about 7 to 10 days per
and Portugal. These figures rise to 30 to 40 per cent in the Bay winter month. This compares with 20 to 40 days annually and
of Biscay and 30 to 50 per cent farther N. 2 to 4 days per winter month along the coast.
Extratropical lows, sea fog, and land fog help keep the coasts In the offshore water along the Atlantic coasts of Spain and
of Ireland, England, and Scotland cloudy all year round. Many Portugal, visibilities are poorest from June through September,
places have a slight summer maximum, while some are cloudi- when they fall below 2 miles about 4 to 7 per cent of the time
est in the fall. Except for a few well-sheltered locations like and below 0.5 mile from 1 to 2 per cent of the time. Offshore
Donaghadee, cloudy skies (cloud cover 2/8 or more) are ob- visibilities are usually at their best in spring and late fall. On
served on 150 to 250 days each year. A peak often occurs in Ju- the coast, fog forms on an average of 20 to 40 days annually,
ly, with an average of 20 to 25 days per month. As in open with a summer maximum at exposed locations and a winter
waters, cloudiness decreases S. It is cloudiest in the N in winter maximum at sheltered ports.
and least cloudy in the S in summer. In Golfo de Cadiz and the entrance to the Strait of Gibraltar,
In some places along the Spanish and Portuguese coasts, a fog is infrequent, dropping visibilities to less than 2 miles
sea breeze blowing against coastal mountains produces an about 1 to 2 per cent of the time and below 0.5 mile nearly 1
abundance of afternoon cloudiness in summer. In Lisboa per cent of the time from May through September. Along the
cloudy days (cloud cover equal to or greater than 2/8) occur an coast fog is infrequent.
average of seven to eleven times per month from October In Arquipelago dos Acores, visibility over the open sea is
through April and just once in July and in August. Clear days usually good. Restrictions to visibility are almost entirely a
(cloud cover equal to or less than 2/8) occur an average of 18 to frontal phenomenon and is therefore neither persistent nor
19 times in July and in August. In Golfo de Cadiz, the levanter dense. On no more than 4 days per year does the visibility fall
brings the most cloudiness. At Rota, cloudy conditions occur below 0.5 mile. Nearer the larger islands conditions are not
on about 8 to 14 days per month from October through May quite as good, especially during the morning calms. At coastal
and just 2 to 3 days in July and August. Clear skies are most stations, visibilities of 1 mile or less are observed less than 1
frequent during July and August, when they occur on an aver- per cent of the time throughout the year. Visibilities of less than
age of 25 days. 6 miles occur most frequently in January through March and
In Arquipelago dos Acores, on the average, there are about least frequently in July through September. Poorest visibility
10 to 15 cloudy days (cloud cover equal to or greater than 8/10) usually occurs during the night or early morning. Precipitation
each month from October through June; 5 to 7 cloudy days oc- and haze are the major restrictions to visibility. Fog is infre-
cur on the average from July through September. The daily quent, but it has been reported in every month.
variation of cloudiness is quite definite. Average monthly fig-
ures indicate that cloudiness is normally least at night and Southeast North Atlantic Ocean (including the W coast of
greatest during the day. Africa from the Strait of Gibraltar to Cape Palmas)
Visibility.—Both sea fog and land fog affect visibilities in General.—The climate of these waters is controlled by the
these waters. Poor visibilities also occur during showers and North Atlantic Subtropical High, the South Atlantic Subtropi-
sometimes in smoke around industrial areas. Sea fog frequent- cal High, the heat low over Africa, and winter storms to the N.
ly lowers offshore visibilities from June through August, while The circulation around the two highs (clockwise N of the
land fog forms mostly in fall and winter. Equator and counterclockwise S of the Equator) and their de-
From the entrance to the English Channel N, summer visibil- flection toward the low create the Northeast Trade Winds and
ities drop below 2 miles about 10 to 15 per cent of the time and the Southwest Monsoon. Between these two systems lies a
below 0.5 mile from 2 to 6 per cent of the time. Close to the broad band of light winds, cloudiness, and showers known as
coast, a few exposed locations are also affected by this fog; for the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ).
example, Holyhead in June is affected by fog on an average of The day-to-day movement of this zone is slight but its sea-
Pub. 140
sonal variation is important. Moving N, from about 6°N, in vails. Gales are infrequent in these waters.
spring, it heralds the coming of the Southwest Monsoon and Coastal and Local Winds.—Along the Atlantic coast of
the rainy season up to about 17°N. Moving S in autumn, it is a Morocco, the Northeast Trade Winds that prevail all summer
forerunner of the dry Northeast Trade Winds or harmattan S to are deflected toward the NW by the sea breeze. Under ideal
about 7°N. These movements are accompanied by a N move- conditions, this lasts from about 3 hours after sunrise to 1 hour
ment and expansion of the North Atlantic Subtropical High in before sunset. A light land breeze often occurs at night. Gales
spring and summer, and its return in fall. The South Atlantic are infrequent during the summer and average speeds run 8 to
Subtropical High plays its most important role in summer, as 12 knots; they are usually strongest during the afternoon.
does the African heat low. Sometimes in late summer a hot, dry, and dusty wind will
Few weather problems confront the mariner in these waters. blow out of the SE through S. This wind is known locally as si-
Gales are infrequent and visibility is generally good. Haze and moun or simoon. From about November through April, the S
dust in the dry season (winter) and torrential downpours, S of and SE winds are occasionally interrupted by winds out of the
15°N, in the rainy season (summer) present the greatest prob- S through NW, associated with extratropical storms. These
lems. lows are responsible for the gales that blow on about 2 to 4
Tropical Cyclones.—The ITCZ is often the spawning days per month during this season. They often ride in on W
ground for E waves that travel across the Atlantic Ocean and winds. Average winter wind speeds along this section of coast
sometimes develop into hurricanes. This is most likely to occur run 5 to 8 knots.
off the African coast in September. Such storms are often la- Strong winds are most frequent along the coast of Western
beled Cape Verde Cyclones, a tribute to their place of birth. Sahara and northern Mauritania. At Villa Cisneros, wind
Aside from the showers and squalls, they are not much of a speeds of 27 knots or more occur on 8 to 15 days per month
threat since they are usually in the initial stages of develop- from April through August. Winds of 31 knots or more occur
ment. However, a few storms have developed and reached hur- on 2 to 4 days per month at Nouadhibou (Port Etienne) from
ricane intensity (winds equal to or greater than 64 knots) February through May.
around Arquipelago de Cabo Verde. Along the coast of Western Sahara, the contrast between the
General Winds.—Two regimes affect winds over these wa- heated interior and the cool water along the coast is favorable
ters. The Northeast Trade Winds are influential from about 7° for the development of local squalls that are accompanied by
to 35°N. The Southwest Monsoon blows over waters S of strong NE winds.
about 17°N. Distant extratropical storms influence winds in the Along the coast of Mauritania, strong E winds often attend
N. Topography and the land-sea breeze effect alter winds close the squalls, which are locally called tornadoes (not to be con-
to the coast and around the islands. fused with U.S. tornadoes). This temperature contrast is also
North of the Islas Canarias, from about October through responsible for a strong diurnal variation in wind speeds as part
April, the Northeast Trade Winds are occasionally disrupted by of the land-sea breeze effect. For example, at Nouadhibou (Port
E-moving extratropical storms passing to the N. These storms Etienne), average early morning wind speeds of 10 to 14 knots
bring an increase in S through NW winds, although N through give way to 17 to 21 knot afternoon speeds from about April
NE winds remain the most frequent. Gales (wind speeds equal through September.
to or greater than 34 knots) occur about 2 per cent of the time Land and sea breezes can be felt up to 20 miles out at sea.
during this period. Average wind speeds reach a peak of around They deflect the prevailing N through NE winds to the NW
13 knots in March. During the rest of the year, N and NE winds during the day and toward the E at night. North winds are fre-
prevail. They are steadiest from June through September. Aver- quent year round, while NE and E winds are most common in
age wind speeds reach a low of about 8 knots in September. winter.
Gales are rare from May through September. At times, from October through March, SW through W
Between the Islas Canarias and Arquipelago de Cabo Verde winds blow along the coast of Western Sahara. While these are
lies the heart of the Northeast Trade Winds belt. Seasonal usually light, they can be strong for short periods. Sometimes a
changes are mainly fluctuations in persistence. North through very hot, dry, and dusty wind blows out of the E through S. It is
NE winds blow 50 to 90 per cent of the time. They are steadiest most likely in the spring and fall and is known as irifi.
in summer, when they exceed the persistence of India’s South- Along the coast of Mauritania, a wind from the NE or E of-
west Monsoon and the E monsoon of the Amazon Basin. Wind ten comes from deep in the interior and arrives hot, dry, and
speeds that average 8 to 12 knots in the morning increase to 12 dusty. This wind is called a harmattan. It becomes increasingly
to 18 knots by afternoon. While these averages are high, gales frequent S of about 20°N. It blows as far S as Conakry in win-
are infrequent since the winds are steady. Gales are most likely ter.
to be encountered in thunderstorms. Along the Mauritania coast, the harmattan occurs most often
During the winter months, the Northeast Trade Winds pene- from November through February. The Southwest Monsoon
trate as far S as about 7°N. This far S winds are mainly light reaches the coast of southern Mauritania in the summer. It is
and out of the NW through N. Farther N they become N most noticeable during July and August. Average wind speeds
through NE. along the Western Sahara-Mauritania coast range from 8 to 10
During the summer, the Southwest Monsoon penetrates to knots in autumn to 12 to 15 knots in spring.
about 15°N. At these latitudes, light S through SW winds pre- From Cabo Verde to about Conakry, N winds prevail from
vail. Average wind speeds S of about 15°N range from about 4 about November through May (40 to 80 per cent). At Dakar,
to 14 knots. Winds are strongest near Arquipelago de Cabo the sea breeze sometimes deflects the wind toward the NW
Verde in winter, when the Northeast Trade Winds hold sway, while the land breeze helps pull it towards the NE. Wind
and S of 10°N in summer, when the Southwest Monsoon pre- speeds of 6 to 8 knots in the morning increase to 8 to 10 knots
Pub. 140
by afternoon on the average. Gales are rare. down to the upper single digits (°C), on the average. Coldest
South of Conakry, the Southwest Monsoon blows during the temperatures usually occur in December or January. Extremes
winter. It is not a strong dominating flow and so is influenced of freezing or below have been recorded from Rabat to Tanger.
by land and sea breezes. For example, at Freetown during the To the S, extreme minimums range from the lower single digits
early morning hours the land breeze opposes the monsoon so (°C) up to around 15.6°C near Dakar. At Dakar, the extreme is
that SW and W winds are secondary to calms and even to NE only 4°C below the January average minimum. By March, tem-
and E winds. During the afternoon, the sea breeze reinforces peratures begin getting above 32.2°C as far N as Rabat due to
the Southwest Monsoon so that SW through W winds prevail. the occasional hot winds from the interior. This condition be-
This works all year round. Wind speeds generally range from comes more frequent to the S; Nouadhibou has a 32.2°C read-
about 2 to 3 knots at night to 4 to 6 knots during the afternoon. ing in every month but December. At Nouakchott, in an
Gales are rare and most often encountered in a squall. average March, 24 days have temperatures above 32.2°C and 9
In spring, the Southwest Monsoon pushes N. It reaches Da- days see temperatures reach 37.8°C or more.
kar by July. The combination of the weak monsoon and the Temperatures all along the coast north of Dakar are usually
land-sea breeze regime results in light morning winds of about the warmest August or September. However, the gradient does
5 knots from the W through NW, increasing to 6 to 8 knots not run from N to S as it did in winter. The sea breeze and
from the SW through W during the afternoon. coastal water temperatures, as well as cloud cover, are import-
Precipitation.—North of Cap Blanc, the little rain that falls ant factors. This can result in a striking contrast over a short
occurs from October through April and is brought by winter distance. For example, the average daily maximum tempera-
storms and their fronts. These storms are usually well to the N; ture at Essaouira, on the Moroccan coast, in August is 21.7°C,
often they move into the Mediterranean basin. Rain is more while some 60 miles to the N, Sati has an average of 30.0°C.
likely the closer you get to that basin. Average annual totals On the average, daytime highs are most commonly in the up-
range from less than 51mm at Nouadhibou to 400mm at Casa- per 20s (°C) and nighttime lows in the upper teens (°C) from
blanca to about 90mm at Tanger. About 90 per cent falls during Villa Cisneros N. To the S, average maximums reach the low to
the October-April period, often in the form of brief heavy mid 30s (°C), while average minimums fall into the upper teens
showers. Maximum 24-hour amounts of 50 to 100mm have oc- to low 20s (°C). Extreme high temperatures have gone over
curred. 37.8°C all along this coast. Temperatures near 48.9°C have
North of Casablanca and in Arquipelago da Madeira and Is- been recorded from Kenitra to Sidi Ifni. North of Villa Cisner-
las Canarias, about 50 to 125mm of rain fall on 6 to 10 days per os, these extremes are most likely in July or August. However,
month from October through April. From May through Sep- around Nouadhibou and Nouakchott, they have occurred in
tember rain is scarce. Thunderstorms occur infrequently along June, while around Dakar extremes are lower (around 37.8°C)
these shores. They develop on about 1 to 12 days a year and are and occur about March.
most likely in spring and fall. They are most likely to occur off South of Arquipelago de Cabo Verde, the rainy season and
the northern Morocco coast and in the Islas Canarias. the harmattan reverse the temperature pattern. From February
South of Cap Blanc, the fringes of the Southwest Monsoon through April, temperatures are in the low to mid 30s (°C)
bring a summer rainy season. Average annual amounts range during the day, while they fall into the upper teens to low 20s
from about 125mm at Nouakchott to 585mm at Dakar to (°C) at night. Extremes are only 2.8° to 5.6°C higher or lower
1,750mm at Conakry. The rainy season begins about March than the average maximums and minimums. July, August, and
near Cape Palmas. It usually reaches Freetown by April or May September bring the lowest temperatures and a low diurnal
and finally Nouakchott in August. variation. Average maximums are in the upper 20s (°C), while
From Conakry S, June through September is the heart of the minimums are in the low 20s (°C). Once again, there is only a
rainy season. During its peak, which varies from place to place 2.8 to 5.6°F difference between average maximums and mini-
within this period, 635 to 1,270mm of rain fall on 18 to 30 days mums, and extremes.
per month. On the average, 20 inches or more fall on 18 days Humidity.—Morning relative humidities are high year
or more during this period. around along the entire coast. They range from about 80 per
Around Dakar about 250mm fall on 17 days during August. cent to more than 90 per cent. Lowest humidities usually occur
During the rainy season, thunderstorms occur on more than 20 in winter and early spring. This is most noticeable in the after-
days per month at some locations, ranging down to 6 to 8 days noon readings. They fall into the 40 to 50 per cent range S of
per month around Dakar. They are most frequent at the begin- the Islas Canarias.
ning and end of the season; therefore S of Conakry they are in- Along the Moroccan coast there are local variations. In some
frequent in August. locations, minimum relative humidities are lowest in winter
Temperature.—Air temperatures along these shores are in- and spring and run in the 50 to 70 per cent range, while at other
fluenced by the Canaries Current, cloud cover, and wind direc- locations slightly dryer conditions occur in summer. Extremely
tion. North of Dakar, late summer and early fall are the dry conditions where relative humidities drop to 10 per cent or
warmest times of the year, while winter and early spring are the less can occur all along the coast at times when the winds blow
coolest. To the S, February and March are usually the warmest from the interior, particularly during dust storms.
months while the coolest temperatures occur during the rainy Cloud Cover.—North of Dakar, cloudiness varies locally as
season (July and August). well as seasonally. While distant storms bring winter cloudi-
During the coolest part of the year afternoon maximums ness to these waters, warm summer winds bring locally exten-
range from the upper 20s (°C) around Dakar down to around sive morning cloudiness. For example, at Sidi Ifni, overcast
15.6°C at Tanger. January is usually the coolest month by a conditions (cloud cover equal to or greater than 6/8) prevail on
couple of degrees. Minimums range from the upper teens (°C an average of 27 July mornings, but only 12 afternoons. While
Pub. 140
frequencies are not so high at other coastal points, the diurnal mentary, but there is strong evidence that this current meanders
variation is similar. In winter, this variation is less noticeable from its main axis, especially where it is wide. When the mean-
and about 8 to 15 cloudy days (cloud cover equal to or greater ders reach a critical size, large cyclonic eddies, with cores of
than 6/8) can be expected N of Villa Cisneros and 3 to 6 cloudy cold water, break off to the N. These pockets have been ob-
days to the S. served to travel E at a speed of about 0.5 knot, in contrast to the
South of Arquipelago de Cabo Verde, it is cloudiest during swiftest part of the Gulf Stream, which moves at speeds that
the rainy season, when overcast conditions are observed on up may exceed 4 knots.
to 28 days per month at Conakry. To the N, the range is about The Gulf Stream gradually widens and decreases in speed;
10 to 20 days per month. Spring is the least cloudy time of the after passing the Grand Banks, it becomes known as the North
year and overcast conditions are observed on just 2 to 5 days Atlantic Current. There is some evidence that the weaker North
per month. Atlantic Current may consist of separate eddies or branches
Visibility.—Fog may form when warm winds blow over which are frequently masked by a shallow wind-driven surface
cooler coastal water. Like land fog, it is most likely during the flow called the North Atlantic Drift.
night and early morning and usually burns off during the day, The Labrador Current, originating from cold arctic water
although on some occasions it will persist throughout the day flowing SE through Davis Strait at speeds of 0.2 to 0.5 knot
as a light fog or haze. Fog is variable as to season and location. and from a W branching of the warmer West Greenland Cur-
It forms on more than 100 days at some locations and on less rent, sets SE along the continental shelf of the Canadian coast.
than 35 at others. At Sidi Ifni, fog forms on 20 to 22 days per Part of the Labrador Current sets into Hudson Strait along its N
month in July and August, but it reduces visibilities to less than shore. Fresh water from the large land area surrounding Hud-
1 mile on about nine of these mornings each month. At Ke- son Bay and Hudson Strait flows out along the S shore to rein-
nitra, visibilities fall below 1 mile on 10 to 15 mornings a force the main coastal current. The Labrador Current also
month from August through March. South of Villa Cisneros, receives the surface outflow from inlets and fiords along the
fog is less frequent, but haze and dust become a problem. Labrador coast.
Haze and dust reach the coast when the dry offshore winds Although the Labrador Current is usually described as being
from deep in the interior become established. This is most like- more persistent over the narrow continental shelf than else-
ly from January through March and occurs with increasing fre- where, there may be seasonal fluctuations in its strength and
quency S from Cap Blanc to Cabo Verde. Visibilities in this volume. These variations depend on the amount of fresh water
haze usually run 2 to 6 miles but can fall to less than 0.5 mile discharge and runoff along the coast during spring and on tidal
on occasion. Apart from blurring the horizon and creating a influences. The prevailing current, on the basis of movement of
dull yellow sky, the haze makes it difficult to judge distance ice bergs and surface drift observations, appears to extend
unless a known object is sighted. Special caution is required some distance offshore. Its speed averages about 0.5 knot but
when navigating near land, particularly around Arquipelago de may reach 1.5 or 2.0 knots.
Cabo Verde. South of Dakar haze is frequent from about No- The North Atlantic Current, which results from extensions of
vember through April, when it is reported on 15 to 30 days per the Gulf Stream and the Labrador Current near the edge of the
month. It often reduces visibilities to 2 to 6 miles, as do show- Grand Bank, fans outward and widens as it sets NE through E,
ers in the rainy season. Occasionally, heavy downpours will while sharply decreasing in speed and persistence. Some influ-
briefly reduce visibilities to less than 0.5 mile. ence of the Gulf Stream remains noticeable near the extreme
SW boundary. A narrow band of water whose flow is stronger
Currents and more constant than those of the currents on either side, sets
E along the 43rd parallel. Its width, speed, and persistence
General.—The current system of the North Atlantic Ocean gradually diminish to about 29°W. Between 15° and 35°W, at
consists principally of a large and constant clockwise gyre. In latitude 45° to 50°N, its prevailing set is ENE at a mean speed
the S, the North Equatorial Current flows W; in the W, the Gulf of 0.4 knot during both summer and winter; its speed seldom
Stream flows N and NE; in the N, the North Atlantic Current exceeds 1.2 knots. About 92 per cent of the speeds are between
flows NE; and in the E, the Canary Current flows S. Away 0.1 and 0.9 knot.
from these currents, toward the center of the North Atlantic In the region 55°-60°N, 10°-25°W, the North Atlantic Cur-
Ocean, is the Sargasso Sea, in which currents are sluggish and rent sets NE at a mean speed of 0.4 knot. It is only slightly
have no well-defined direction. stronger and more persistent in the W part than in the E part.
Prevailing surface currents in the North Atlantic Ocean, be- The North Atlantic Current is a sluggish slow-moving flow
cause of their great dependence on winds, occasionally change than can easily be influenced by opposing winds. Conversely,
their speed and direction. The major part of the Gulf Stream is strong augmenting winds may strengthen it.
a well-defined swift current which begins N of Grand Bahama The broad slow west-setting Atlantic North Equatorial Cur-
Island at the confluence of the Florida Current and Antilles rent is generated mainly by the Northeast Trade Winds. It orig-
Current and extends NE to about 40°N, 63°W. This flow pre- inates near 26°W, between about 15° and 30°N, and flows W
vails throughout the year, with only minor seasonal changes in across the ocean past 60°W, where it forms the Antilles Current
direction and speed (highest during summer and lowest during N of the West Indies. The surface current migrates N and S sea-
winter). In the NE part of the current, near 38°-39°N, 64°- sonally; this migration results from the seasonal displacement
67°W, 80 per cent of the 1,650 observations taken throughout of the Azores High between about 29°N, 31°W during winter
the year show an ENE set, a mean speed of 1.2 knots, and a and 34°N, 35°W during summer.
maximum speed of 3.5 knots. The mean speed, which differs slightly in different parts of
Information about fluctuations of the Gulf Stream is frag- the current, is generally about 0.5 knot; it appears highest in the
Pub. 140
S part. Speeds are generally lower during winter, when the At- North Atlantic Current and part of the Gulf Stream System. Its
lantic Equatorial Countercurrent is not evident and the west mean speed is only 0.4 knot, and its mean maximum speed is
setting Atlantic North Equatorial Current and Atlantic South 1.3 knots; there is no discernible seasonal fluctuation. The
Equatorial Current meet at about 9°N. Speeds are highest from speed and direction of the current is easily influenced for short
July through December, when the Equatorial Countercurrent to periods by changing winds.
the S is best defined. The currents in the vicinity of the British Isles are predomi-
The Equatorial Countercurrent is located in the doldrums. nantly tidal, being semi-diurnal, with two flood and two ebb
With no wind support, the water flows E down the sea slope, currents each tide day. Throughout most of the Irish Sea, the
forming a weak countercurrent between the west-setting Atlan- tidal currents turn nearly simultaneously. The flood current sets
tic North Equatorial Current and Atlantic South Equatorial S in the N part and N in the S part, meeting in a region of weak
Current, whose extent and strength change with the seasonal and variable currents. The ebb currents set in opposite direc-
variations of the wind. The surface countercurrent is best de- tions.
fined during August and September, when it extends from Southeast North Atlantic Ocean.—In the W approach to
about 52° to 10°W and joins the Guinea Current close to the the Strait of Gibraltar, the surface currents usually set E, but
coast of Africa. In October it narrows and separates into two wind-driven currents may at times set across the entrance. In
branches at about 7°N, 35°W. The W part, which appears to be the central part of the strait, a resultant of tidal, non-tidal, and
a region where the countercurrent probably sinks and flows E wind-drift currents usually sets E; it is stronger in autumn and
beneath the equatorial currents and gradually diminishes in weaker in winter. The resultant current speed decreases when
size to the WNW, whereas the E part diminishes to the ESE. the tidal current sets W and increases when the tidal current
The greatest separation occurs during March. During April, the sets E. Speeds may reach 5 knots during SW and NW winds;
W part of the countercurrent disappears, but it reappears in the highest speeds occur in the N half of the narrowest part of
May in the vicinity of 0°, 40°W. The two segments progress the strait. With strong and prolonged E winds, the E flow may
WNW without too much change in size. They merge at about temporarily cease or at times reverse and reach speeds as high
6°N, 43°W during August and continue their E flow uninter- as 2 knots. A narrow countercurrent, with speeds as high as 2
rupted through September. knots, frequently occurs close to the African coast, at about
The countercurrent is most pronounced during the N sum- longitude 5°40'W.
mer. Speeds are highest, sometimes in excess of 3.0 knots, in The North Atlantic Current begins to turn S near the Azores
the W part of the countercurrent. and becomes the Canary Current off the coast of Western Saha-
Northeast North Atlantic Ocean.—A branch of the North ra. The Canary Current is that part of the clockwise flow of the
Atlantic Current flows along the W coasts of the British Isles at North Atlantic Ocean that sets S off the NW coast of Africa. In
speeds up to 0.6 knot and enters the Norwegian Sea mainly the vicinity of the Cape Verde Islands, the current divides, with
through the E side of the Foroyar (Faeroe Islands)-Shetland one part curving SW and joining the Atlantic North Equatorial
Channel. A small portion of this current to W of Foroyar Current and the rest turning SE into the Guinea Current. North
(Faeroe Islands) mixes with part of the flow setting SE from of 30°N, the current has very little seasonal variation; the flow
the N coast of Iceland; these two water masses join and form a prevails S about 40 per cent of the time, with a mean speed of
clockwise circulation around Foroyar (Faeroe Islands). The 0.4 knot. Between 30°N and 20°N, the set becomes more per-
very weak non-tidal current in the Irish Sea, which averages sistent; the current prevails SW about 55 per cent of the time,
only about 0.1 knot, depends on the wind. Part of the North At- with a mean speed of 0.5 knot.
lantic Current that flows E into the W approaches to the En- The part of the current S of 20°N appears to differ consider-
glish Channel tends to increase or decrease the speed of the ably between summer and winter. During July, August, and
reversing tidal currents. September the S part of the current narrows considerably.
The prevailing S flow off the Atlantic coasts of Spain and During January, February, and March, when the Atlantic Equa-
Portugal is known as the Portugal Current and is part of the torial Countercurrent is least evident, the Canary Current is
general clockwise circulation in the North Atlantic Ocean. It is wide, extends close to the African coast as far S as 10°N, and
slow-moving, averaging only about 0.5 knot during both winter flows into the wide band of W flow in the equatorial region.
and summer and seldom exceeding 2.0 knots N of 40°N and During this period, the flow in the S part of the current appears
2.5 knots S of 40°N. This current is easily influenced by winds; more constant, the percent frequency in the prevailing SSW di-
it is most constant during summer, when the wind blows from rection is higher (between 45 and 60 per cent), and the mean
the same general direction at least 50 per cent of the time. The speed is 0.6 knot.
wind may cause the current to set in any direction for short pe- Toward the shore, in the Strait of Gibraltar, the non-tidal cur-
riods at any time of the year and the flow may even reverse rent weakens, and the influence of the tidal currents becomes
during persistent S winds. During winter, the current still more pronounced. Inshore, reversing tidal currents predomi-
shows a prevailing S set but with a lesser frequency; the per nate and the time of turning is earlier toward shore. Tidal races
cent distribution in the other directions based on an 8-point and eddies may occur in the central portion of the strait but are
compass ranges between 8 and 13 per cent, with the higher per- more common off salient points and in bays.
centages occurring N of 40°N. The current west of 10°W has a Northwest North Atlantic Ocean.—The Cape Breton Cur-
mean speed of 0.5 knot and may at times exceed 2.0 knots, rent originates in the Gulf of St. Lawrence, sets SE in the SW
with little seasonal change. half of Cabot Strait, and merges with the Labrador Current Ex-
The Azores Current is an inner part of the North Atlantic tension. It may be augmented by a branch of the constant but
gyre that sets between E through S in the general vicinity of the tide-influenced Gaspe Current to the NW. The Cape Breton
Azores Islands. It is a slow but fairly constant SE branch of the Current is steady, with a mean speed of 0.7 knot and a maxi-
Pub. 140
mum speed between 1.5 and 2.0 knots. Storms cause the cur- re in this region. In exceptionally severe winters, during Janu-
rent to vary or even reverse its direction for short periods. ary and February, some bays and shallow coastal regions of
Direct observations between North Cape and St. Paul’s Island Brittany may freeze over, drift ice may fill the Gironde, and ice
obtained during a 20-day period showed a consistent surface may form in the innermost bays of Foroyar (Faeroe Islands).
flow setting about 125°T at a mean speed of 0.6 knot. Icebergs have been sighted in various parts of the region as far
The current setting SW along the NE coast of the United S as the Azores.
States to Cape Hatteras has no designated name, but is fre- Northwest North Atlantic Ocean.—Ice begins to form
quently referred to as the Labrador Current Extension. This along coastlines in early October in the N part of Hudson Bay,
coastal current originates from part of the Labrador Current late October in the remainder of Hudson Bay and throughout
flowing clockwise around the SE tip of Newfoundland. Its Hudson Strait, early November along the N coast of Labrador,
speed is fairly constant throughout the year, averaging about late November along the S coast of Labrador and in the Strait
0.6 knot. Its size varies seasonally, being widest during winter of Belle Isle, early December along the N coast of Newfound-
between Newfoundland and Cape Cod and very narrow during land, and December through January along the S coast of New-
summer. There is little seasonal change to the SW of Cape foundland. The navigability of these coastal waters varies from
Cod. It is closest to shore in the vicinity of Cape Sable, Nova a minimum during late winter, when all coastlines to the W
Scotia, and between Cape Cod and Long Island in July and Au- may be blocked, to a maximum in September, when all seas are
gust. In some places, it even encroaches on tidal regions. open. Operations are usually restricted along Baffin Island to
The prevailing E current in Hudson Strait is often completely the period from late July to late September, and along the coast
masked by strong local tidal currents with speed of 3 knots or of Labrador from July to late November. Although fog often
more. Strong rips and eddies occur about a 0.5 mile offshore. reduces visibility in Hudson Strait and Hudson Bay during the
The Cape Breton Current appears to be influenced by the shipping season, surface vessels are generally safe from sea ice
tide; observations have shown that the current speed is often from August to October. The shipping season may be advanced
higher when the ebb tidal current flows out. Conversely, the to mid-July and extended to mid-November with the assistance
speed of the prevailing SE current may be reduced during peri- of icebreakers and the use of coastal leads.
ods of the ingoing flood tidal current. The thickness of local sea ice averages about 1.5 to 2.1m in
Hudson Strait, 1.2 to 1.8m along Labrador and southern Green-
Ice land, 0.9 to 1.2m in Hudson Bay, and 0.3 to 0.9m along New-
foundland. Mounds of pressure ice, compressed by convergent
General.—Surface navigation is affected by most forms of ice floes, may exceed 3.0 to 4.6mt, particularly when ground-
sea ice. As their power and structural strength increase, surface ed.
ships can penetrate deeper and faster in sea ice of increasing Icebergs are numerous along the E coasts of Labrador and
concentration, hardness, and thickness. However, every type of Newfoundland but decrease in frequency W of Resolution Is-
ship, including the most powerful icebreakers presently in ser- land and Cape Race.
vice, ultimately encounters impassable sea ice. Thick polar ice North American Ice Service (NAIS).—The NAIS, a part-
of low concentration may be a greater menace to surface ship- nership that includes the International Ice Patrol and the Cana-
ping than thin or rotten ice of high concentration. Even a few dian Ice Service, distributes a joint iceberg analysis chart to
inches of slush may stall a freighter if it has lost its forward define the extent of the iceberg danger for the waters in the vi-
momentum. cinity of the Grand Banks of Newfoundland and along the E
In the North Atlantic Ocean, sea ice is confined to the NW coast of Labrador. This chart will be updated each day by 1200
part of the ocean basin. Ships can usually operate in the waters UTC and when changing ice conditions require a revision. Fur-
of southwest Greenland, even when Davis Strait is inaccessi- ther information can be obtained at either of the following web
ble. This maneuver requires the ship to go around “storis” sites:
(pack of heavy arctic ice that drifts around Greenland) and fol-
low the shore lead to the port. However, such other problems as International Ice Patrol: http://www.uscg-iip.org
fog, snow, and darkness, may also restrict navigation. Vessels Canadian Ice Service: http://ice-glaces.ec.gc.ca
headed for Davis Strait usually follow the 55th meridian to take
advantage of the path of least ice. Navigational Information
Surface navigation often is made hazardous by the large
numbers of icebergs, bergy bits, and growlers that are concen- International Ship and Port Facility (ISPS) Code
trated in Davis Strait, Hudson Strait, and the Labrador Sea. The The ISPS Code applies to ships on international voyages and
dangers include head-on collisions with icebergs, punctures of port facilities directly interfacing with these ships. All vessels
the hull from submerged rams, and injury or damage from cap- should fully comply with the provisions of Chapter XI-Part 2
sizing icebergs. Because ships venturing in heavy sea ice may of the SOLAS Convention and Part A of the ISPS Code. Ves-
be forced into and crushed against the side of an ice berg, they sels shall demonstrate that appropriate maritime security mea-
must avoid the windward side of these large blocks of ice. It sures are in place according to ISPS Code regulations. The
should be noted that radar detection of ice bergs, besides being following information must be furnished by the vessel when
dependent on the characteristics of the equipment (type of ra- requested:
dar, height of antenna, etc.) is affected by the cross-sectional 1. Information on the vessel and making contact.
surface of the exposed ice, the smoothness of the ice, and 1.1 IMO Number
amount of clutter due to waves as distant as 3 miles. 1.2 Vessel name.
Northeast North Atlantic Ocean.—Sea ice is extremely ra- 1.3 Home port.
Pub. 140
1.4 Flag. Electronic Navigation and Communication
1.5 Vessel type. International Maritime Satellite Organization (INMAR-
1.6 Call sign. SAT).—Around the world satellite communication systems
1.7 INMARSAT call sign. have now become synonymous with reliable and quality trans-
1.8 Gross tonnage. fer of information. The International Maritime Satellite Orga-
1.9 Company name. nization (INMARSAT) is an international consortium
1.10 Name of Company Security Officer, including 24- comprising over 75 partners who provide maritime safety man-
hour contact information. agement and maritime communications services.
2. Information about the harbor and harbor facilities. The INMARSAT system consists of a number of satellites,
2.1 Arrival harbor and harbor facilities where the ves- which maintain geosynchronous orbits, and provides quality
sel will berth. communications coverage between about 77°N and about
2.2 Date and time of arrival. 77°S, including locations with less than a 5° angle of elevation.
2.3 Primary reason for entering the harbor. INMARSAT-A, the original system, provides telephone, tel-
3. Information required by Rule 9 Paragraph 2.1 of Chap- ex, and fax services. However, this system is being replaced by
ter XI-2 of the Enclosure to the SOLAS Agreement. INMARSAT-B, which, by the use of digital technology, is pro-
3.1 Does the vessel posses an International Ship Secu- viding the services with improved quality and higher data
rity Certificate (ISSC) or an Interim ISSC? (Yes/No) transmission rates.
3.1.1 If yes, list issuer of ISSC or Interim ISSC and INMARSAT-C provides a store and forward data messaging
expiration date. capability, but no voice communication.
3.1.2 If no, give reason why not. Global Maritime Distress and Safety System (GMDSS).—
3.1.3 Is there an approved Vessel Security Plan? (Yes/ The Global Maritime Distress and Safety System (GMDSS)
No). provides a great advancement in safety over the previous usage
3.2 Current MARSEC Level of the vessel and position of short range and high seas radio transmissions.
of vessel at the time of providing the report. The GMDSS has been adopted by the International Conven-
3.3 The last ten port calls where there was interaction tion for the Safety of Life at Sea (SOLAS) 1974. It applies to
between the vessel and a harbor facility, in chronological cargo vessels of 300 gt and over and all vessels carrying more
order, with the most recent port call listed first. Include the than 12 passengers on international voyages. Unlike previous
MARSEC Level of the vessel, as well as the harbor name, regulations, the GMDSS requires vessels to carry specified
country, harbor facility, and UN Location Code. equipment according to the area in which they are operating.
3.3.1 During the previous ten port calls, were addi- Such vessels navigating in polar regions must carry VHF, MF,
tional security measures taken on board the vessel in ad- and HF equipment and a satellite Emergency Position Indicat-
dition to the measures required by the vessel’s ing Radiobeacon (EPIRB).
MARSEC Level. (Yes/No). Information on the GMDSS, provided by the U.S. Coast
3.3.2 If yes, please detail the additional security mea- Guard Navigation Center, is accessible via the Internet, as fol-
sures taken. Include the harbor name, country, harbor fa- lows:
cility, and UN Location Code.
3.4 Within the period of the last ten calls at port facili- U. S. Coast Guard Navigation Center
ties, list ship-to-ship activities, including position or lati-
tude/longitude of the activities, with the most recent http://www.navcen.uscg.mil/marcomms/default.htm
activity listed first.
3.4.1 Were proper security measures taken by the ves- Global Positioning System (GPS).—The NAVSTAR Global
sel during the ship-to-ship activities? (Yes/No). Positioning System (GPS) is a satellite-based system, operated
3.4.2 If no, list the ship-to-ship activities where proper by the US. Air Force, which provides very accurate position-
security measures were not taken and describe the secu- ing, time, and velocity information to multiple users. It is an
rity measures that were taken. all-weather system with world wide and continuous usage
3.5 General description of the cargo on board. which will replace OMEGA and other such hyperbolic radio
3.6 A copy of the crew list navigation systems. The space component of GPS consists of
3.7 A copy of the passenger list. 24 satellites, of which a minimum of six are observable from
4. Other safety-related information. any place on earth. GPS receivers convert data from the satel-
4.1 Are there any other safety-related matters to be re- lites to produce three-dimensional positions (latitude, longi-
ported (Yes/No). tude, and altitude). They compute information for fixes in
4.2 If yes, provide more detailed information. terms of the World Geodetic System (1984) reference ellip-
5. Agents of the ship in future ports of arrival. soid; hence, a datum shift correction may be required before a
5.1 Name(s) of ship’s agent(s) in future ports of arrival position can be plotted on a chart.
including contact information (telephone number). GPS provides two services for navigation positioning, as fol-
6. Identification of the person who prepared the informa- lows:
tion. 1. Standard Positioning Service (SPS)—The standard
6.1 Name. level of positioning and timing accuracy. It is available with-
6.2 Title or function. out restrictions to any user on a continuous worldwide basis.
6.3 Signature, including date and location of prepara- As of midnight (EDT) 1 March 2000, Selective Availability
tion. was set to zero; users should experience a GPS horizontal ac-
Pub. 140
curacy of 10 to 20m or better. Pub. 142, Sailing Directions (Enroute) Ireland and the West
2. Precise Positioning Service (PPS)—An encoded level Coast of England.
intended for use by the Department of Defense. Pub. 143, Sailing Directions (Enroute) West Coast of Europe
SafetyNET.—NAVTEX is an international automated direct and Northwest Africa.
printing service for the promulgation of navigational and mete- Pub. 145, Sailing Directions (Enroute) Nova Scotia and the
orological warnings and urgent information to ships. It is a Saint Lawrence River.
component of the World Wide Navigational Warning Service Pub. 146, Sailing Directions (Enroute) Newfoundland, Lab-
(WWNWS) and is an essential element of GMDSS. rador, and Hudson Bay.
The SafetyNET broadcast system provides the same infor-
mation as NAVTEX to vessels on the high seas beyond NAV- Pilotage
TEX coverage (generally about 200 miles offshore) and is
delivered by the INMARSAT-C system. For information on Deep Sea Pilot for the English Channel,
General Information.—For further information concerning the North Sea, or Skagerrak, see United Kingdom—Pilot-
the International Maritime Satellite Organization (INMAR- age—Deep Sea Pilotage.
SAT), the Global Maritime Distress and Safety System
(GMDSS), the SafetyNET system, and the Global Positioning Pollution
System (GPS), see Pub. No. 9, The American Practical Naviga-
tor (Bowditch-2002 Edition); Pub. 117, Radio Navigation Single-hull Tanker Phase-out Schedule
Aids; and Annual Notice to Mariners No. 1. In accordance with Regulation 13G of Annex I of the MAR-
POL Convention, single-hull tankers should be phased out or
Automatic Identification System (AIS) Aids to Navigation converted to a double-hull configuration according to a sched-
(ATON) ule based on their year of delivery. These requirements are de-
All types of buoys and fixed structures, such as offshore plat- signed to reduce the risk of oil spills from tankers involved in
forms and wind power construction, can be supplemented with low-energy collisions or groundings.
AIS. Ships equipped with an AIS transponder can, as a mini- The types of vessels affected by these regulations and their
mum, receive the following information: phase-out schedule is, as follows:
1. MMSI number of the AIS ATON. 1. Category 1—Commonly known as Pre-MARPOL
2. Name of the ATON. Tankers, consists of the following types of vessels:
3. Position of the ATON. a. Tankers of 20,000 dwt and over carrying crude oil,
4. Bearing and distance to the observer. fuel oil, heavy diesel oil, or lubricating oil as cargo.
The three types of AIS ATON are, as follows: b. Tankers of 30,000 dwt and over carrying other oils,
1. Physical—The AIS device is located on the ATON. which do not comply with the requirements for protective-
2. Synthetic—The AIS information is transmitted from a ly-located segregated ballast tanks.
location different from the ATON. The phase out schedule for Category 1 vessels is, as fol-
3. Virtual—The ATON does not physically exist. lows:
Virtual AIS ATON are useful, as follows: a. 2003 for ships delivered in 1973 or earlier.
1. For time-critical situations and in marking or delineat- b. 2004 for ships delivered in 1974 and 1975.
ing dynamic areas where navigation conditions frequently c. 2005 for ships delivered in 1976 and 1977.
change. d. 2006 for ships delivered in 1978, 1979, and 1980.
2. When physical ATON are removed temporarily until e. 2007 for ships delivered in 1981 or later.
permanent ATON can be established. 2. Category 2—Commonly known as MARPOL Tank-
3. To mark areas where navigation features change fre- ers, consists of the following types of vessels:
quently and would require dynamic marking. a. Tankers of 20,000 dwt and over carrying crude oil,
Virtual AIS ATON can be used in different situations, as fol- fuel oil, heavy diesel oil, or lubricating oil as cargo, which
lows: comply with the MARPOL requirements for protectively-
1. Instant (wreck marking). located segregated ballast tanks.
2. Temporary (marking works in progress). b. Tankers of 30,000 dwt and over carrying other oils,
3. Dynamic (channel formerly marked by buoys but now which comply with the MARPOL requirements for pro-
marked by virtual AIS ATON which are moved as required). tectively-located segregated ballast tanks.
4. Seasonal (ice buoys). The phase out schedule for Category 2 vessels is, as fol-
5. Permanent (when environmental or ecological factors lows:
make it desirable not to place a physical aid). a. 2003 for ships delivered in 1973 or earlier.
b. 2004 for ships delivered in 1974 and 1975.
Automatic Identification System (AIS) and Voyage Data c. 2005 for ships delivered in 1976 and 1977.
Recorder (VDR) d. 2006 for ships delivered in 1978 and 1979.
All vessels over 300 gt operating in European Unuion waters e. 2007 for ships delivered in 1980 and 1981.
are required to be equipped with AIS and VDR. The systems f. 2007 for ships delivered in 1980 and 1981.
shall be in operation at all times. g. 2008 for ships delivered in 1982.
h. 2009 for ships delivered in 1983.
Enroute Volumes i. 2010 for ships delivered in 1984.
Pub. 141, Sailing Directions (Enroute) Scotland. j. 2011 for ships delivered in 1985.
Pub. 140
k. 2012 for ships delivered in 1986. waters at least 200m deep. If this is not possible, the exchange
l. 2013 for ships delivered in 1987. should be carried out as far as possible from the nearest land
m. 2014 for ships delivered in 1988. and, in all cases, at least 50 miles from the coast. In cases
n. 2015 for ships delivered in 1989 or later. where the ship is unable to comply, ballast water must be main-
3. Category 3—Consists of tankers 5,000 dwt and over tained on board, and only a minimum amount may be autho-
but less than the tonnage specified for Category 1 and Cate- rized for discharge, with the prior authorization of the
gory 2 vessels. appropriate national maritime authority.
The phase out schedule for Category 3 vessels is, as fol- Ballast water management will be conducted in accordance
lows: with a Ship’s BMW Plan. In addition, a Ballast Water Report-
a. 2003 for ships delivered in 1973 or earlier. ing Form may be required by the relevant authority as directed,
b. 2004 for ships delivered in 1974 and 1975. prior to the ETA. The Ship’s BWM Plan will be approved by
c. 2005 for ships delivered in 1976 and 1977. the flag administration or relevant classification society.
d. 2006 for ships delivered in 1978 and 1979. Violations of the legislation will be sanctioned according to
e. 2007 for ships delivered in 1980 and 1981. national law, which can include warnings, fines, detentions, or
f. 2007 for ships delivered in 1980 and 1981. prohibition of the ship’s entry into a port or terminal.
g. 2008 for ships delivered in 1982.
h. 2009 for ships delivered in 1983. MARPOL Special Areas
i. 2010 for ships delivered in 1984. MARPOL Special Areas are sea areas where special manda-
j. 2011 for ships delivered in 1985. tory methods for the prevention of oil pollution in the sea have
k. 2012 for ships delivered in 1986. been adopted.
l. 2013 for ships delivered in 1987. Vessels of 400 gross tons and over are prohibited from dis-
m. 2014 for ships delivered in 1988. charging into the sea any oil or oily mixtures except when the
n. 2015 for ships delivered in 1989 or later. following conditions are satisfied:
Single-hull tankers of 5,000 dwt and over are prohibited 1. The ship is proceeding en route.
from carrying heavy grade oil (HGO) after 5 April 2005. Sin- 2. The oily mixture is processed through oil-filtering
gle-hull tankers of 600 dwt and over but less than 5,000 dwt are equipment meeting the requirements of Regulation 14.7 of
prohibited from carrying HGO after the anniversary of their MARPOL Annex I.
delivery date in 2008. 3. The oil content of the effluent without dilution does
Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Latvia, Norway, and Sweden not exceed 15 parts per million.
have enacted measures to monitor these vessels. For further in- 4. The oily mixture does not originate from cargo pum-
formation, see Denmark—Pollution. proom bilges on oil tankers.
5. The oily mixture, in the case of oil tankers, is not
Ballast Water Management mixed with oil cargo residue.
International guidelines have been adopted by the IMO to Vessels of less than 400 gross tons shall retain on board any
prevent the introduction of unwanted aquatic organisms and oil or oily mixtures for subsequent discharge to reception facil-
pathogens from ships’ ballast water and sediment discharge in- ities or discharged into the sea with the following provisions:
to marine ecosystems. The guidelines include the retention of 1. The ship is proceeding en route.
ballast water onboard, ballast exchange at sea, ballast manage- 2. The ship has in operation equipment of a design ap-
ment aimed at preventing or minimizing the uptake of contam- proved by the Administration that ensures that the oil content
inated water or sediment, and the discharge of ballast ashore. of the effluent without dilution does not exceed 15 parts per
Particular attention is drawn to the hazards associated with bal- million.
last exchange at sea. 3. The oily mixture does not originate from cargo pum-
Ship owners and agents are strongly advised to comply with proom bilges on oil tankers.
these guidelines, which were introduced under IMO Resolu- 4. The oily mixture, in the case of oil tankers, is not
tion A.868(20), titled 1997 Guidelines for the Control and mixed with oil cargo residue.
Management of Ships’ Ballast Water to Minimize the Transfer MARPOL Special Areas are defined, as follows:
of Harmful Aquatic Organisms and Pathogens. 1. Northwest European Waters Area.—The sea area,
In February 2004, a diplomatic conference adopted an Inter- including the North Sea and its approaches, the Irish Sea and
national Convention for the Control and Management of Ships’ its approaches, the Celtic Sea, the English Channel and its
Ballast Water and Sediments. This Ballast Water Management approaches, and that part of the Northeast Atlantic Ocean
(BWM) Convention will come into force world wide after it has immediately W of Ireland bounded by the coast and lines
been signed by 30 states, representing 35 per cent of the joining the following positions:
world’s merchant shipping tonnage. a. 48°27.0'N on the French coast.
Individual states are currently in the process of introducing b. 48°27.0'N, 6°25.0'W.
national legislation in accordance with the BMW Convention. c. 49°52.0'N, 7°44.0'W.
Upon implementation, this legislation will be applicable to d. 50°30.0'N, 12°00.0'W.
commercial vessels that carry out ballast water discharge with- e. 56°30.0'N, 12°00.0'W.
in a state’s jurisdictional waters. f. 62°00.0'N, 3°00.0'W.
Typical legislation requires that all ships intending to dis- g. 62°00.0'N on the Norwegian coast.
charge ballast water within a state’s jurisdictional waters shall h. 57°44.8'N on the Danish and Swedish coasts.
conduct any exchange at least 200 miles from the coast and in 2. North Sea Area.—The sea area of the North Sea prop-
Pub. 140
er, including the seas within, with the following boundaries: cerning maritime security are aiming at protecting the maritime
a. The North Sea S of latitude 62°00'N and E of longi- sector from serious crimes of violence, i.e. terrorism. Shipping
tude 4°00'W. companies, ships, and port facilities shall cooperate in order to
b. The Skagerrak, the S limit of which is determined E reveal and judge threats in the form of criminal actions towards
of the Skaw by latitude 57°44.8'N. the maritime sector.
c. The English Channel and its approaches E of longi- Background.—The rules upon which the EC regulation is
tude 5°00'W and N of latitude 48°30'N. based are rules decided by the UN maritime organization in
London, the International Maritime Organization (IMO). They
Sulphur Emission Control Areas are fully international. The international legislation has been
Sulphur Emission Control Areas (SECA) are areas where made legislation immediately in force in all member states of
special controls are in effect to reduce sulphur oxide (SOx) the EC through the regulation mentioned above.
emissions from ships. For further information, see North Sea In addition to regulations which supplement the EC regula-
and the English Channel—Pollution—Sulphur Emission tion on ship security, the Act on ship security and the Regula-
Control Areas. tion (2004:238) comprise regulations on requirements for
implementing certain of the new international rules which have
Regulations been accepted by the IMO but which are not regulated in the
EC regulation.
Schengen Agreement Compulsory to demand security information from
General.—The aim of the Schengen Agreement is to create ships.—In accordance with the inspection rules in Regulation
free movement for persons within the European Union (EU) 9, Appendix 1, of the EC regulation a state may demand infor-
and to intensify the fight against cross-border crime. In prac- mation from a ship, which intends to call at a port within the
tice, the Schengen Agreement means that personal checks on territory of the state. After making an analysis of the informa-
journeys between the member states will cease, while the ex- tion, the inspection authority shall decide whether the ship
ternal frontier controls will be intensified, i.e. towards coun- shall be allowed to call at the port or if further inspection mea-
tries that are not signatories to the Schengen Agreement. sures shall be taken. In Article 6.1 of the EC regulation the re-
Sweden’s operational participation in the Schengen treaty is quest for such information from each arriving ship is made
governed by the Schengen regulations and by national legisla- compulsory to the member states.
tion, particularly aliens’ legislation. In accordance with the Ships covered by the legislation.—According to the EC
Schengen legislation the check means that merchant ships are regulation, the following types of ships in international traffic
obliged to submit details regarding the ship, the voyage and are covered by the legislation:
persons on board following a system for Advance Notification. 1. Passenger ships, including high speed passenger craft
As from 1 July 2004, the international legislation on enhanc- (HSC).
ing ship and port facility security will comprise all ships of a 2. Cargo ships, including high speed craft, of 500 gross
certain size in international traffic. tons and over.
The aim of the regulations on ship security is to protect the 3. Movable oil drilling platforms at sea.
maritime sector from serious crimes of violence, i.a. terrorism. 4. Port facilities which serve such ships in international
The legislation requires information of ship security nature in trade
accordance with a system for Advance Notification from all Exceptions.—According to Article 3 of the EC regulation
ships over 500 gross tons. the rules are not applicable to naval ships, troop transport
The Schengen legislation as well as the rules and regulations ships, cargo ships smaller than 500 gross tons, ships which are
concerning maritime security means that the merchant ship- not mechanically run, wooden ships of primitive construction,
ping is required to make an Advance Notification. The infor- fishing vessels, and ships which are not used for commercial
mation to be given, the time for giving it and the ships purposes.
concerned are mainly the same in the two regulations, i.e. ships Definitions.—As follows:
which are required to make an Advance Notification according 1. International Ship and Port Facility Security Code
to the Schengen legislation are in most cases required to do the (ISPS Code)—The international code for ship security on
same according to the rules and regulations concerning mari- board ships and in port facilities. (The code has been an-
time security. There are also certain differences, which are de- nexed to Chapter XI-2 in the SOLAS Convention).
scribed below. 2. International trade—All maritime connections with
In order as far as possible to simplify for the shipping trade ships from a port facility in a member state to a port facility,
the fulfillment of its obligations in accordance with the two which is located outside this member state, or vice versa.
legislations, the systems for Advance Notification are coordi- 3. Ship/port interface—The interaction that takes place
nated so that only one notification has to be made, which ful- when a ship directly and immediately is affected by activities
fills the requirements of both the Schengen and the Rules and that mean transport of people or goods or supply of port ser-
regulations concerning maritime security. vices to or from the ship.
Regulation (EC) No.72512004 on enhancing ship and 4. Port facility—A place where interaction between ship
port facility security.—By the EC regulation the rules and and port takes place.
regulations concerning maritime security, which were accepted 5. Protection levels—The fixed protection level in force
by the members of the International Maritime Organization for ships which are operating in the territorial seas of the
(IMO) in December 2002, were implemented as legislation in contracting state or which have reported their intention to en-
force within the Community. The rules and regulations con- ter the territorial seas of that state.
Pub. 140
6. International Ship Security Certificate—A certificate Checks made on the external borders are of the following
issued by competent authority in accordance with the ISPS three main types:
Code. 1. Check that the person entering has got the necessary
Point of Contact.—As per Regulation 7, Appendix 1 of the documents and fulfills other terms for reentry into the Schen-
EC Regulation (threat to ships), contracting governments shall gen area.
provide a point of contact through which ships operating in 2. Check that the person entering is not likely to be in-
their territorial sea or having communicated an intention to en- volved in criminal activities.
ter their territorial sea, can request advice or assistance and to 3. Check to avert a threat against public order and safety.
which such ships can report any security concerns about other On exit, necessary checks shall be made in order, for exam-
ships, movements, or communications. ple, to apprehend wanted criminals.
Crossing an external border.—The external borders may in
Schengen Rules principle be crossed only at border control points during fixed
Members of the operative Schengen Convention.—Mem- opening hours. Merchant shipping and fishing vessels are sub-
ber states are, as follows: ject to special regulations regarding notification in advance.
1. Austria. Anyone crossing a border beyond a border crossing point or
2. Belgium. at non-opening hours or who otherwise fails to fulfill his/her
3. Denmark. obligation of notification shall be sentenced to a fine or to im-
4. Finland. prisonment for a maximum of 6 months.
5. France. Check of shipping.—The checking of persons on board a
6. Germany. vessel can take place in port, on board the vessel or in special
7. Greece. areas in the immediate vicinity of the port. The check may also
8. Italy. be carried out at sea. The purpose of the check is to determine
9. Luxembourg. whether the crew and passengers meet the requirements for en-
10. The Netherlands. try into the Schengen area.
11. Portugal. Merchant ships are checked by revising the crew and passen-
12. Spain. ger lists and, where necessary, by checks on board the vessel.
13. Sweden. The regular ferry services are checked in that the ferries may
Countries with agreements on Schengen cooperation are, as travel only between appointed terminals (check points) in the
follows: ports.
1. Norway. Cruise liners are mainly checked in the same way as mer-
2. Iceland. chant ships, but only at the ports of initial arrival to, and final
Definitions.—As follows: departure from, the Schengen area.
1. External border—The border of a Schengen state with Fishing vessels and leisure boats are checked by on board
a third country and the state’s ports and airports which have checking in port or at sea.
traffic to and from a third country.
2. Third country—Countries that are not included in the Advance Notification.—The Advance Notification shall
Schengen Convention. contain the following information:
3. Border control point—A place approved for crossing 1. Ship’s call sign.
an external border. 2. Name of ship.
4. Schengen Informations System (SIS)—The common 3. Ship’s IMO number.
data system of the Schengen states covering, among other 4. Nationality and port of registry of the ship
things, wanted persons. 5. Type of ship.
Border control authorities.—The Police have the overall 6. Port of departure (last port of call).
responsibility for border control as regards persons and miss- 7. Port of arrival and port of destination (name of port
ing items, border surveillance, and for the coordination of these facility to be stated).
tasks with other border control authorities. 8. ETA.
The Coast Guard has the overall responsibility for control of 9. ETD.
the external borders at sea. The Coast Guard also takes part in 10. New destination (next port). If new destination is a
the mobile controls conducted in near-coastal areas by the Po- Swedish port, the whole voyage shall be stated, i.e. until the
lice and Customs. ship departs from its last Swedish port with destination to a
Customs has the overall responsibility for checks of cargo foreign port.
and assist the police with border control work. 11. Signature by the master or his representative.
External borders.—The term external border means the 12. Contact information (for returning of a stamped copy
border of a Schengen state on a third country and the state’s of the notification) in accordance with the Schengen regula-
ports and airports which have traffic to and from a third coun- tions.
try. A Schengen state’s sea border is mainly regarded as an ex- 13. List of all persons on board:
ternal border since the sea territory borders on international • Family name and given name
waters (the open sea), which is equivalent to a third country. • Date of birth (year, month, date).
Certain ports have acquired the status of border control • Nationality.
points. On the external borders, checks are made on both entry • Gender.
and exit. • Passport number/seaman’s discharge book number.
Pub. 140
14. Signing-off list and signing-on list: These reports should be sent to the competent port authority
• Family name and given name. unless otherwise directed. Failure to submit the report is an
• Date of birth (year, month, date). offense and may subject the vessel to additional inspections.
• Nationality. Further information can be obtained at the European Mari-
• Gender. time Safety Agency Home Page.
• Passport number/seaman’s discharge book number.
• Date and place of signing-on/signing-off. The participating EU countries are, as follows:
• Means of travel and transportation. 1. * Belgium.
• Information about visas, if applicable. 2. * Bulgaria.
15. The ship’s valid international ship security certificate 3. Croatia.
and the name of its issuing authority. 4. * Cyprus.
16. The security level at which the ship is currently oper- 5. Denmark.
ating. 6. * Estonia.
17. The security level at which the ship operated in any of 7. * Finland.
the last ten calls at port facilities where it has conducted ship/ 8. * France.
port interface. 9. * Germany.
18. All special or additional security measures taken by 10. * Greece.
the ship in any of the last ten calls at port facilities where it 11. Iceland.
has conducted ship/port interface. 12. *Ireland.
19. The appropriate ship security procedures, which have 13. Italy.
been maintained during any ship-to-ship activity for the ten 14. Latvia.
latest calls at port facilities. 15. * Lithuania.
20. Other practical, security related information as re- 16. * Malta.
gards the guidelines stated in Part B of the ISPS Code (de- 17. Netherlands.
tails of the ship’s security plan excepted). 18. * Norway.
21. Overall description of the ship’s cargo. 19. * Poland.
20. Portugal (including the Azores and Madeira).
21. * Romania.
European Union Expanded Inspection (EI) Notification 22. Slovenia.
Under European Union (EU) Directive 2009/16/EC, the Eu- 23. Spain (including Islas Baleares, Islas Canarias, and
ropean Union has introduced a mandatory reporting system for the enclaves of Cueta and Melilla in Morocco)
vessels arriving at or departing from a port or anchorage in the 24. * Sweden.
EU region, as follows: 25. * United Kingdom (including the Channel Islands,
Gibraltar, and the Isle of Man).
* These countries have more detailed reporting information.
European Maritime Safety Agency Home Page For further information, see the Regulations section under the
http://www.emsa.eu indicated country.
Choose: Implementation Tasks—Port State
Control—Directive 2009/16/EC Paris Memorandum of Understanding on Port State Con-
trol (PMoU) New Inspection Regime (NIR)
1. Vessels eligible for an Expanded Inspection (EI)—The system for vessels arriving at or departing from a port or an-
master, operator, or agent of a vessel eligible for an EI shall chorage within the Paris MoU region, as follows:
provide the port an advance notice of arrival, as follows: 1. Vessels eligible for an Expanded Inspection (EI)—The
a. 72 hours in advance. master, operator, or agent of a vessel eligible for an EI shall
b. If the voyage is less than 72 hours, at the time the provide the port an advance notice of arrival 72 hours in ad-
vessel leaves port. vance. The following vessels are subject to an EI:
c. If the port of call is unknown or changes, as soon as a. All vessels with a high risk profile.
the information is available. b. All passenger vessels, oil tankers, gas tankers,
The following vessels are subject to an EI: chemical tankers, and bulk carriers over 12 year old.
a. All vessels with a high risk profile. 2. All other vessels—All other vessels bound for Paris
b. All passenger vessels, oil tankers, gas tankers, MoU member port must send an advance notice 24 hours
chemical tankers, and bulk carriers over 12 year old. prior to arrival. If the voyage from the previous port is less
2. All other vessels—All other vessels bound for an EU than 24 hours, not known, or is changed during the voyage,
member state must send an advance notice 24 hours prior to the notification should be sent as soon as the information be-
arrival. If the voyage from the previous port is less than 24 comes known.
hours, the notification should be sent when the vessel departs These reports should be sent to the competent port authority
from the previous port. If the port-of-call is not known or is unless otherwise directed. Failure to submit the report may
changed during the voyage, the notification should be sent as subject the vessel to additional inspections.
soon as the information becomes known. Further information can be obtained at the European Mari-
Pub. 140
time Safety Agency Home Page. can be found at the following web site:
European Maritime Safety Agency Home Page SSC/SSCEC Information

http://www.emsa.eu http://www.who.int/csr/ihr/travel/TechnAdvSSC.pdf
Choose: Implementation Tasks—Port State
Control—Directive 2009/16/EC The SSC, which carries a 6-month period of validity, may be
required from all ships, whether ocean-going or inland vessels,
The participating Paris MoU countries are, as follows: on an international voyage calling at a port of a State Party. It
1. Belgium. may be renewed at any port authorized by the State Party to is-
2. Bulgaria. sue such renewals. A list of ports authorized by State Parties to
3. Canada. issue SSCs and SSCECs can be found at the following web
4. Croatia. site:
5. Cyprus.
6. Denmark. Ports Authorized to Issue SSCs and SSCECs
7. Estonia. http://www.who.int/csr/ihr/training/
8. Finland. ihr_authorized_ports_list.pdf
9. France.
10. Germany.
11. Greece. Routes
12. Greenland.
13. Ireland. The route information in this section considers routes to and
14. Italy. from selected ports in the North Atlantic Ocean basin, as well
15. Latvia. as routes to selected ports outside the Atlantic Ocean basin, in-
16. Lithuania. cluding the Caribbean Sea and the North Sea.
17. Malta. In general, these routes are as direct as safe navigation per-
18. Netherlands. mits. However, in some instances, a divergence is made to
19. Norway. avoid dangers to navigation, to take advantage of favorable cur-
20. Poland. rents, or to minimize the effects of adverse currents. It should
21. Portugal (including the Azores and Madeira). not be inferred that recommendations in this chapter necessari-
22. Romania. ly represent adopted or established sea lanes. Routes between
23. Russia. ports consist of a series of rhumb lines unless stated otherwise.
24. Slovenia. When a route may be followed in either direction the reverse
25. Spain (including Islas Baleares, Islas Canarias, and route is not described.
the enclaves of Cueta and Melilla in Morocco). Detailed information on these routes can be found, as fol-
26. Sweden. lows:
27. United Kingdom. 1. Appendix II—Routes Across the North Atlantic Ocean
to the Strait of Gibraltar and Bishop Rock.
2. Appendix III—Routes to and from Canada, the United
European Union (EU) Advanced Manifest Rule States, and the Caribbean Sea.
All cargo vessels sailing from a non-EU port to an EU port
must submit an Entry Summary Declaration (ENS) to the first Ship Reporting System
port of call in the EU 24 hours prior to the cargo being loaded.
For short sea shipments, the ENS must be filed 2 hours prior Western Europe Tanker Reporting System (WETREP)
to arrival at an EU port. The Western Europe Tanker Reporting System (WETREP),
An ENS is also required for the following: a mandatory reporting system, is in effect. The following ves-
1. Cargo remaining on board a vessel and destined for a sels are required to participate in WETREP:
non-EU port. 1. Any oil tanker over 600 dwt carrying a cargo of heavy
2. Trans-shipped cargo to and from non-EU ports. crude oil, meaning crude oils with a density, at 15°C, of
3. All transit cargo bound for EU and non-EU final desti- greater than 900 kg/m3.
nations. 2. Any oil tanker over 600 dwt carrying a cargo of heavy
fuel oil, meaning fuel oils with a density, at 15°C, of greater
than 900 kg/m3 or a kinematic viscosity, at 50°C, of greater
Ship Sanitation Control Certificates than 180 mm2/s.
The World Health Organization International Health Regula- 3. Any oil tanker over 600 dwt carrying a cargo of bitu-
tions (2005), which came into force in 2007, created the Ship men and tar or their emulsions.
Sanitation Control Certificate (SSC) and the Ship Sanitation Further information on WETREP can be found in Appendix
Control Exemption Certificate (SSCEC) program to enable I.
competent authorities to identify and record all areas of ship-
borne public health risks, along with any required control mea- Gulf of Guinea Voluntary Reporting System
sures to be applied. Further information on SSCs and SSCECs The Maritime Domain Awareness of Trade-Gulf of Guinea
Pub. 140
(MDAT-GoG) is a reporting system designed to improve mari- the following information:

time security, provide support to the mariner, and to maintain 1. Own vessel’s name.
freedom of navigation for vessels in the waters off the W coast 2. Own vessel’s call sign and IMO Number.
of Africa. All information reported to MDAT-GoG is treated in 3. Time of report (UTC).
strict commercial confidence. 4. Own vessel’s position.
The MDAT-GoG Voluntary Reporting Area (VRA) is bound- 5. Own vessel’ course and speed.
ed by the coast and lines joining the following positions: 6. Details of suspicious or irregular activity.
1. Cape Blanc (20°46'20.4''N., 17°02'52.8''W.). Vessels within the VRA should ensure their INMARSAT-C
2. Position 20°46'20.4''N, 29°00'00.0''W. terminals are set to receive navigational warnings from both
3. Position 14°00'00.0''N, 29°00'00.0''W. NAVAREA II and NAVAREA VII to be sure they receive all
4. Position 17°15'00.0''S, 8°00'00.0''E. relevant navigational warnings.
5. The Angola/Namibia border at latitude 17°15'00.0''S.
All merchant vessels within the VRA are encouraged to re- Signals
port to MDAT-GoG by telephone (33-2-98228888) or by e-
mail ([email protected]), as follows: For information on international port traffic signals and visu-
1. Initial Report—When entering the VRA or departing a al storm warning signals, see Appendix IV—International
port within the VRA. Port Traffic Signals and Visual Storm Warning Signals.
2. Daily Position Report—Daily by 1200 UTC.
3. Final Report—On arrival at a port within the VRA or
upon departing the VRA. Tides
4. Suspicious or Irregular Activity Report—On sighting
such activity or when under direct attack. Astronomical Tides
The Initial Report should contain the following information: The different types of tides reflect the characteristic features
1. Vessel name. of the rise and fall of the water level which accompany the tide-
2. Flag. producing forces during an average tide day (lunar day, or
3. Call sign and IMO Number. about 24 hours 50 minutes). Each tide type is defined by a
4. INMARSAT telephone number. curve that represents the most common tide observed during
5. MMSI. the month. The three basic tide types are:
6. Time of report (UTC). 1. Diurnal tide, with one high water and one low water
7. Position. each tide day.
8. Course. 2. Semi-diurnal tide, with two nearly equal high waters
9. Passage speed. and two nearly equal low waters each tide day.
10. Maximum speed. 3. Mixed tide, with two markedly unequal high and/or
11. Freeboard. two markedly unequal low waters each tide day.
12. Cargo. The difference between the heights of two successive high
13. Destination and estimated date and time of arrival. waters or two successive low waters in a tide day is known as
14. Name and contact details of Company Security Offi- the diurnal inequality; this difference changes with the declina-
cer. tion of the moon and, to a lesser extent, with the declination of
15. Nationality of master and crew. the sun. In general, the inequality tends to become greater with
16. Armed/unarmed security team embarked. increasing N or S lunar declination and to become less as the
The Daily Position Report should contain the following in- moon approaches the Equator. This difference is also used to
formation: distinguish between semi-diurnal and mixed types of tides.
1. Vessel name. In addition to the changing phase relationships of the tide-
2. Call sign and IMO number. producing bodies, which result in the different types of tide,
3. Time of report (UTC). bottom topography and wave interference also influence the
4. Position. form of the tide.
5. Course and speed.
6. Any other important information. Meteorological Tides
7. Estimated time of leaving the VRA (if applicable). Changes in wind and barometric pressure may cause devia-
The Final Report should contain the following information: tions from daily predicted water levels. Prolonged onshore
1. Vessel name. winds and/or low barometric pressure tend to raise the water
2. Call sign and IMO Number. level; offshore winds and/or high barometric pressure tend to
3. Time of report (UTC). lower it. In coastal regions of Central America N of about
4. Port/anchorage or position when leaving the VRA. 12°N, hurricanes and tropical storms may cause the water level
The Suspicious or Irregular Activity Report should contain to rise considerably above that of the predicted tide.
Pub. 140
Appendix I—Western Europe Tanker Reporting System (WETREP)

The Western Europe Tanker Reporting System (WETREP) is u. 52°10'03.0''N, 6°21'07.8''W. (coast of Ireland near
a mandatory reporting system. The following vessels are re- Carnsore Point)
quired to participate in WETREP: v. 52°01'51.6''N, 5°04'18.0''W. (coast of Wales near
1. Any oil tanker over 600 dwt carrying a cargo of heavy Strumble Head)
crude oil, meaning crude oils with a density, at 15°C, of Note.—The line joining point u and point v delineates the
greater than 900 kg/m3. S entrance to the Irish Sea.
2. Any oil tanker over 600 dwt carrying a cargo of heavy w. 54°51'42.6''N, 5°08'46.8''W. (coast of Scotland near
fuel oil, meaning fuel oils with a density, at 15°C, of greater Black Head)
than 900 kg/m3 or a kinematic viscosity, at 50°C, of greater x. 54°40'39.0''N, 5°34'33.6''W. (coast of Northern Ireland
than 180 mm2/s. near Orlock Point, on the S side of Belfast Lough)
3. Any oil tanker over 600 dwt carrying a cargo of bitu- Note.—The line joining point w and point x delineates the
men and tar or their emulsions. N entrance to the Irish Sea.
The Reporting Area, best seen on the accompanying chartlet, Three types of reports are sent by vessels required to partici-
covers the waters off Belgium; the W coast and English Chan- pate in WETREP, as follows:
nel coasts of France; Ireland; Portugal; the N and W coasts of 1. Sailing Plan (SP).—To be sent, as follows:
Spain; and the English Channel and W coasts of the United a. On entering the Reporting Area.
Kingdom, including the Shetland Isles and is bounded by lines b. Immediately on departing from a port located in the
joining the following positions: Reporting Area.
a. 58°30'00.0''N, 3°01'22.2''W (coast of Scotland) 2. Deviation Report (DR).—To be sent, as follows:
b. 58°30'00.0''N, 0°00'00.0'' a. When deviating from the routing to their original
c. 62°00'00.0''N, 0°00'00.0'' declared destination, port, terminal, anchorage, or position
d. 62°00'00.0''N, 3°00'00.0''W. “for orders” given at the time of entry into the Reporting
e. 56°30'00.0''N, 12°00'00.0''W. Area.
f. 54°41'40.2''N, 15°00'00.0''W. b. When a deviation from the planned route is neces-
g. 50°56'45.0''N, 15°00'00.0''W. sary due to weather, equipment malfunction, or a change
h. 48°27'00.0''N, 6°25'00.0''W. in navigational status.
i. 48°27'00.0''N, 8°00'00.0''W. 3. Final Report (FR).—To be sent, as follows:
j. 44°52'00.0''N, 3°10'00.0''W. a. On leaving the Reporting Area.
k. 44°52'00.0''N, 10°00'00.0''W. b. On arrival at a port situated in the Reporting Area.
l. 44°14'00.0''N, 11°34'00.0''W. Each report shall begin with the word WETREP and the two
m. 42°55'00.0''N, 12°18'00.0''W. letter abbreviation for the type of report. The required informa-
n. 41°50'00.0''N, 11°34'00.0''W. tion for each type of report can be found in the accompanying
o. 37°00'00.0''N, 9°49'00.0''W. table titled WETREP—Reporting Information.
p. 36°20'00.0''N, 9°00'00.0''W.
q. 36°20'00.0''N, 7°47'00.0''W. Upon entering the WETREP Reporting Area, vessels should
r. 37°10'00.0''N, 7°25'00.0''W. (mouth of the Rio Guardi- notify the Regional Coordination Center (RCC) of the respon-
ana) sible authority of the coastal state participating in this system.
s. 51°22'25.2''N, 3°21'52.2''E. (Belgium-Netherlands Vessels unable to send the report to the nearest RCC should
border) send the report to the next nearest RCC.
t. 52°12'00.0''N, 1°37'30.0''E. (coast of England close N Vessels need not report if, while on normal passage routing
of Thorpe Ness) during the transit of the Reporting Area, the boundary of the
Note.—The line joining point s and point t delineates the Reporting Area is crossed on other occasions apart from the
NE entrance to the English Channel. initial entry and final exit.
WETREP—Reporting Information
Designator Information Required SP DR FR
ALFA Name and call sign, IMO Number, or MMSI Number of vessel. X X X
BRAVO Day of month (2 figures) and time in hours and minutes (UTC in 4 figures). X X X
CHARLIE Latitude (4 figures N) and longitude (5 figures E or W). X X X
ECHO True course in degrees (3 figures). X X X
FOXTROT Speed in knots (2 figures). X X X
GOLF Last port of call. X
INDIA Destination and ETA. X X
Pub. 140
WETREP—Reporting Information
Designator Information Required SP DR FR
Oil cargo type(s), quantity, grade(s), and density of heavy crude oil, heavy fuel oil,
PAPA and bitumen and tar. If the tanker carries other hazardous cargo simultaneously give X
the type, quantity, and IMO class of that cargo, as appropriate.
Defects in steering, navigational equipment, etc., and restrictions on maneuverabil-
QUEBEC * * *
ity (Omit if nothing to report).
Details of name and particulars of vessel’s representative and/or owner for provi-
TANGO X
sion of cargo information.
WHISKEY Total number of persons on board. X
1. Characteristics and estimated quantity of bunker fuel, for tankers carrying
more than 5,000 tons of bunker fuel.
XRAY X
2. Navigational status (underway, at anchor, not under command, restricted in
ability to maneuver, constrained by draft, moored, aground, etc.).
* This designator should also be included at any time where defects, including breakdown, damage, deficiencies, and circum-
stances affecting normal navigation, should occur within the Reporting Area.
The RCC contact information is, as follows: Portugal—Roca Control

351-214-464838
Belgium—MRCC Oostende Telephone:
351-214-464839 (24 hours)
32-59-701000
Telephone:
32-59-701100 Facsimile: 351-214-464839
Facsimile: 32-59-703605 Frequency: VHF channels 22, 69, 78, and 79
2182 kHz E-mail: [email protected]
Frequency:
VHF channels 9, 16, 67, and 70
E-mail: [email protected] Spain—MRCC Bilbao
Telephone: 34-944-839286
France—MRCC Gris-Nez
Facsimile: 34-944-839161
Telephone: 33-3-21872187
Frequency: VHF channels 10 and 16
Facsimile: 33-3-21877855
E-mail: [email protected]
Telex: 42-130680 (CROSSGN 130680F)
Spain—MRCC Finisterre
INMARSAT-C: 581-422799256
Telephone: 34-981-767500
Facsimile: 34-981-767740
France—MRCC Corsen
52-82268 SAFIN E
Telephone: 33-2-98893131 Telex:
52-86207 SAFIN E
Facsimile: 33-2-98896575
2182 kHz
Telex: 42-940086 (CROCO A 940086 F) Frequency:
VHF channels 11 and 16
Ireland—MRCC Dublin*
Spain—MRCC Madrid
353-1-6620922
Telephone: Telephone: 34-91-7559133
353-1-6620923
Facsimile: 34-91-5261440
Facsimile: 353-1-6620795
52-41210 SAMAD E
E-mail: [email protected] Telex:
52-41224 SAMAD E
* Communications may be sent to MRCC Dublin via
MRSC Valentia (EJK) or MRSC Malin Head (EJM). E-mail: [email protected]
Pub. 140
United Kingdom—MRCC Falmouth

Telephone: 44-1326-317575
Facsimile 44-1326-315610
Telex: 51-45234 FALMCG G
Pub. 140
WETREP Reporting Area
Pub. 140
Appendix II—Routes Across the North Atlantic Ocean to the Strait of Gibraltar and Bishop Rock
Routes leading from North America to the Strait of Gibraltar 3. Caribbean Sea ports (including Bermuda and the
and Bishop Rock are, as follows: Straits of Florida) to the Strait of Gibraltar.
1. Argentia, Newfoundland, Canada to the Strait of Gi-
braltar. 4. United States ports to Bishop Rock.
2. United States ports to the Strait of Gibraltar. 5. Caribbean Sea ports to Bishop Rock.
1. Argentia, Newfoundland, Canada to the Strait of Gibraltar.

Argentia, Newfoundland.—Steer by rhumb line to a position in 45°55'N, 50°00'W. Then steer a great circle course to a
position about 10 miles S of Cabo de Sao Vicente, Portugal. Then proceed as direct as navigation will allow to the Strait of
Gibraltar.
2. United States ports to the Strait of Gibraltar.

Portsmouth, New Hampshire and Boston, Massachusetts.—Steer as direct as navigation will permit for a point about
30 miles S of Nantucket Light Vessel in position 40°10'N, 70°00'W; then sail by rhumb line to either position 42°00'N,
50°00'W or position 40°30'N, 47°00'W. Then steer a great circle course to a position about 10 miles S of Cabo de Sao
Vicente, then as direct as navigation will allow for the Strait of Gibraltar.
Newport, Rhode Island; New London, Connecticut; and New York, New York.—Steer as direct as navigation will
permit for position 40°10'N, 70°00'W; then sail by rhumb line to either position 42°00'N, 50°00'W or position 40°30'N,
4°00'W; then steer by a great circle course to a position about 10 miles S of Cabo de Sao Vicente; then as direct as
navigation will allow to the Strait of Gibraltar.
Westward passages for low-powered vessels to the above ports from the Strait of Gibraltar for low-powered vessels,
depending upon the time of year are, as follows:
1. After leaving the Strait of Gibraltar, pick up the parallel of 36°00'N and steer due W to 6°00'W; then sail by rhumb
line to destination.
2. On clearing the Strait of Gibraltar, set a rhumb line course to position 33°15'N, 20°00'W; then sail due W to
position 33°15'N, 6°00'W; then sail by rhumb line to destination.
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Baltimore, Maryland; and Norfolk, Virginia.—From the Delaware Bay entrance or the
Chesapeake Bay entrance, follow a great circle track direct to position 36°55'N, 9°05'W, about 10 miles S of Cabo de Sao
Vicente and then continue to destination as directly as navigation will allow.
Note.—The above great circles reach their northernmost points in approximately the following positions:
1. Philadelphia to Gibraltar—position 42°50'N, 45°00'W.
2. Chesapeake Bay to Gibraltar—position 42°00'N, 43°00'W.
During the winter, low-powered vessels are not recommended not to take the whole great circle route because of possibly
encountering heavy weather at the northernmost points of the arc, but to first take a great circle course to position 41°00'N,
4°00'W, and a second great circle course to the Strait of Gibraltar.
Note.—The farthest N point on the three routes to Gibraltar will be in position 41°10'N, 40°30'W.
Morehead City, North Carolina.—Steer a great circle course to position 36°55'N, 9°05'W, about 10 miles S of Cabo de
Sao Vicente and then continue to destination as direct as navigation will allow. See the Philadelphia, Pennsylvania;
Baltimore, Maryland; and Norfolk, Virginia route above for low-power and northernmost points.
Charleston, South Carolina.—Steer a great circle course to a position SE of Santa Cruz das Flores in the Azores, in
position 39°10'N, 31°00'W; then continue on the same great circle arc to the Strait of Gibraltar.
Jacksonville-Mayport and Port Everglades, Florida.—Join the track through the Straits of Florida, keeping a distance
of 20 miles from the Florida coast and taking advantage of the Gulf Stream current, to position 30°00'N, 79°00'W; then
continue on a great circle course to a position SE of Santa Cruz das Flores, in the Azores, in position 39°10'N, 31°00'W; and
then continue on that same great circle course to the Strait of Gibraltar.
3. Caribbean Sea ports (including Bermuda and the Straits of Florida) to the Strait of Gibraltar.
Bermuda.—Steer a great circle course to a point SE of Santa Cruz das Flores, in the Azores in a position 39°10'N,
31°00'W, and continue on that same great circle course to the Strait of Gibraltar.
Pub. 140
Straits of Florida Junction.—From position 24°25'N, 83°00'W, off the Dry Tortugas, pass through the Straits of Florida,
keep off a distance of 20 miles from the Florida coast so as to take full advantage of the Gulf Stream current, to position
30°00'N, 79°00'W. Then shape a great circle course to a position SE of Santa Cruz das Flores, in the Azores, in position
39°10'N, 31°00'W. Then continue on that same great circle course to the Strait of Gibraltar.
Cristobal, Panama (via Mona Passage).—Proceed as direct as navigation will allow through Mona Passage to position
18°20N, 68°00'W (12 miles NNW of Mona Island); then steer a great circle course to the Strait of Gibraltar.
Cristobal, Panama (via Anegada Passage).—Proceed as direct as navigation will allow through Anegada Passage to
position 18°35'N, 63°50'W (in the middle of the Anegada Passage); then steer a great circle course to the Strait of Gibraltar.
Charlotte Amalie, St. Thomas.—Proceed as prudently as navigation will allow through Anegada Passage to position
18°35'N, 63°50' W, (in the middle of Anegada Passage); then steer a great circle course to the Strait of Gibraltar.
San Juan, Puerto Rico.—Proceed as prudently as navigation will allow to position 18°33N, 66°05' W (about 4 miles
NNE of San Juan), then steer a great circle course to the Strait of Gibraltar.
Roosevelt Roads, Puerto Rico.—Proceed prudently and with great caution N and E through Virgin Passage by rhumb
line; then join the great circle track from Cristobal to the Strait of Gibraltar as previously described.
Guantanamo Bay, Cuba.—Proceed as prudently and direct as navigation will allow E to Windward Passage. Proceed
through Windward Passage to position 21°35'N, 71°10'W in Turk Island Passage; then by rhumb line to position 30°00'N,
35°00'W; then steering E on the parallel of 36°00'N to the Strait of Gibraltar.
4. United States ports to Bishop Rock.

Portsmouth, New Hampshire.—Steer rhumb lines to a position about 60 miles S of Sable Island, then to position
43°00'N, 50°00'W and then by great circle track to Bishop Rock. An alternate route if the time of year is clear of ice is to
proceed by rhumb lines to position 45°25'N, 50°00'W and then by a great circle track to Bishop Rock.
Boston, Massachusetts.—From Boston Light, steer rhumb lines to position 42°00'N, 50°00'W and then by great circle
track to Bishop Rock.
Note.—A Traffic Separation Scheme is in effect in the Boston approaches.
Newport, Rhode Island and New London, Connecticut.—Steer rhumb lines to a position about 30 miles S of
Nantucket Lightship in position 40°10'N, 70°00'W; then by rhumb lines to position 42°00'N, 50°00'W; and then by a great
circle track to Bishop Rock.
Note.—A Traffic Separation Scheme is in effect in the Narragansett Bay approaches.
New York City, New York.—Steer by rhumb lines to a position about 30 miles S of Nantucket Lightship in position
40°10'N, 70°00'W; then by rhumb lines to position 42°00'N, 50°00'W; and then by a great circle track to Bishop Rock.
Note.—A Traffic Separation Scheme is in effect in the New York Harbor approaches.
Caution.—Deep-draft vessels should stay outside of Barnegat Lighted Horn Buoy B and Five Fathom Bank Light
between New York Harbor and Delaware Bay, and outside of Delaware Lighted Horn Buoy D, Jack Spot Lighted Whistle
Buoy 2JS (38°05.3'N., 74°45.1'W.), and Chesapeake Light between Delaware Bay and Chesapeake Bay. Traffic is heavy
along this section of coast and a sharp lookout must be kept to avoid collision. Traffic Separation Schemes are in effect in
the approaches Delaware Bay and Chesapeake Bay.
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Baltimore, Maryland; and Norfolk, Virginia.—For the passages from Philadelphia to
the entrance of Delaware Bay, and from Baltimore and Norfolk to the entrance of Chesapeake Bay, see U.S. Coast Pilot 3,
Atlantic Coast, Sandy Hook to Cape Henry. From the Delaware Bay entrance or the Chesapeake Bay entrance, proceed by
a great circle track to position 42°00'N, 50°00'W and then via a second great track to Bishop Rock.
Morehead City, North Carolina and Charleston, South Carolina.—Proceed by a great circle track to position
42°50'N, 50°00'W and then by a second great circle track to Bishop Rock.
Jacksonville, Mayport, and Port Everglades, Florida.—Join the track through the Straits of Florida, keeping off at a
distance of 20 miles from the Florida coast in order to take full advantage of the Gulf Stream current. Set a rhumb line
course as prudently as navigation will allow to a position just N of position 30°00'N, 79°00'W and then to position 35°30'N,
72°40'W. From here shape a great circle track to position 42°00'N, 50°00'W and then continuing on a great circle track to
Bishop Rock.
Pub. 140
5. Caribbean Sea ports to Bishop Rock.

Guantanamo Bay, Cuba.—Proceed as directly as navigation permits through Windward Passage past Turks Island,
continue on rhumb line course to position 36°00'N, 35°00'W, and then continue by a great circle track to Bishop Rock.
Low-powered vessels steer by rhumb lines through Windward Passage to position 30°00'N, 45°00'W; then by a great
circle track to position 36°40'N, 24°45'W; and then by as second great circle track to Bishop Rock. This distance is about
122 miles longer than the above route.
Roosevelt Roads and San Juan, Puerto Rico.—Proceed by rhumb lines as directly as safe navigation permits through
Sombrero Island Passage, then take a great circle track for Bishop Rock.
Low-powered vessels shape a great circle course track from Sombrero Island Passage to position 37°00'N, 24°30'W and
then shape a second great circle course to Bishop Rock. This distance is about 172 miles farther than the above route.
Cristobal (via Anegada Passage).—Proceed direct as prudent navigation will allow through Anegada Passage to
position 18°35'N, 63°50'W (in the middle of Anegada Passage) and then set a great circle track for Bishop Rock.
Cristobal (via Mona Passage).—Proceed as direct as prudent navigation will allow through Mona Passage to position
18°20'N, 68°00'W (12 miles NNW of Mona Island) and then set a great circle track for Bishop Rock.
Bermuda.—Proceed by a great circle track direct to Bishop Rock.
Straits of Florida Junction.—Proceed as direct prudent navigation will allow through the Straits of Florida, keeping at a
distance of 20 miles off the Florida coast so as to take full advantage of the Gulf Stream current, to position 30°00'N,
79°00'W. Then shape a great circle track for Bishop Rock.
Pub. 140
Appendix III—Routes to and from Canada, the United States, and the Caribbean Sea
Routes leading to and from North America to the Strait of of the United States, and the Caribbean Sea.
Gibraltar and Bishop Rock are, as follows: 3. New York to ports in the Caribbean Sea and the Gulf of
1. Routes to and from the Panama Canal at Cristobal, Mexico.
Panama.
2. Routes from Canada to Greenland, Iceland, the E coast 4. Miscellaneous cross-Atlantic Ocean routes.
1. Routes to and from the Panama Canal at Cristobal, Panama.

Cabot Strait to Cristobal.—From a position about 4 miles E of Scatari Island proceed by a great circle track to a
position about 10 miles SE of the SE extremity of Great Inagua Island,. Proceed through Caicos Passage and Windward
Passage to a position about 7 miles W of Cap Dame Marie, Haiti, and then directly as safe navigation permits to Cristobal.
Halifax to Cristobal.—Proceed to a position off the W end of Mayaguana Island, and then to a position off the W side of
Great Inagua Island. From Great Inagua proceed through Windward Passage into the Caribbean Sea and on to Cristobal, as
above.
Gulf of Maine Ports to Cristobal.—Proceed by the most direct route within the limits of safe navigation to the vicinity
of Nantucket Shoals Light Ship (40"30' N., 69°28' W.). From there proceed to a position off the W end of Mayaguana
Island, and then to Cristobal, as in the Halifax to Cristobal route above.
New London, New York, and Delaware Bay, and Chesapeake Bay to Cristobal.—Proceed as directly as possible
within the limits of safe navigation to the vicinity of San Salvador (Watling Island) (24°00' N., 74°30' W.), passing a safe
distance off on either side of it toward Crooked Island Passage. Pass between Castle Island and Mira por Vos Cays and
through the Windward Passage, from which rhumb lines may be taken to Cristobal.
Note.—All vessels using the Windward Passage should make a landfall at Navassa Island (18°24' N., 75°01' W.) so as to
be certain of clearing the dangers E of Jamaica.
Alternate route Cristobal to New York.—Follow the route through Yucatan Channel to Cabo San Antonio, given
below. Round the cape at a safe distance and steer for a position about 13 miles SE of Sombrero Key. From this position
follow the main axis of the Gulf Stream to about 20 miles SE of Diamond Shoals Light Tower, and then proceed as directly
as possible within the limits of safe navigation to New York.
Ports in the Gulf of Mexico to Cristobal.—Proceed as direct as safe navigation permits to a position about 12 miles W
of Cabo San Antonio, Cuba. From there steer to a position outside the 200m curve off SW Point Light on Grand Cayman,
and then for a position off the SW extremity of Pedro Bank. From the SW extremity of Pedro Bank, course may be changed
to the S to pass between Alice Shoal and Bajo Nuevo, direct to Cristobal; or, if unsure of position, continue SE until such
time as vessel is clear of Baja Nuevo. Course can then be changed SSW direct to Cristobal.
Return.—From Colon Breakwater steer NNE to round Bajo Nuevo at a prudent distance. Allowance should be made for
the prevailing W current between Panama and Jamaica. The NNE course should not be carried too far beyond Bajo Nuevo
because of the dangers on Pedro Bank. Once Bajo Nuevo is cleared proceed direct to a position about 12 miles W of Cabo
San Antonio and from there as directly as safe navigation permits to the desired port of call.
Fastnet to Cristobal.—Proceed by great circle track to position 23°00'N, 72°00”W and then through Caicos Passage and
Windward Passage to Cristobal as in the Cabot Strait to Cristobal route above.
Bordeaux to Cristobal.—From the mouth of the Gironde River proceed to position 18°00'N, 68°30' W in Mona Passage
and then as directly as possible within the limits of safe navigation to Cristobal.
2. Routes from Canada to Greenland, Iceland, the E coast of the United States, and the Caribbean Sea.
Goose Bay, Labrador to Churchill, Manitoba.—Proceed as directly as safe navigation permits to position 54°24'N,
56°32'W and then to position 60°45'N, 63°57' W a position E of the Button Islands off the entrance to Hudson Strait. From
there steer to a position about 20 miles S of Resolution Island, from which position a course of 293° for 288 miles will lead
to a position with the light on the Wend of Charles Island bearing 235°, distant 14 miles. From there a course of 266° for
107 miles will lead to a position with Digges Island Light bearing 180°, distant 8 miles. From off Digges Island steer 253°
for 55 miles to position 62°27'N, 80°00'W about 5 miles off the NW end of Mansel Island. This track leads about 6 miles N
of Mansel Island Light. From here a course of 243° for 460 miles will lead across Hudson Bay to a position with the radio
masts at Churchill bearing 216° and 14 miles distant.
Note.—To avoid Churchill Shoals, vessels should keep outside the 20m curve, and, in thick weather, outside the 40m
curve. The above route is for information only and the routes recommended by the Ice Information Officer should be
followed.
Pub. 140
Goose Bay to Reykjavik.—Proceed as directly as safe navigation permits to position 54°24'N, 56°32'W and then to
position 66°45'N, 61°00'W near Cape Dyer on Baffin Island, and then to position 76°20'N, 69°45'W. Proceed from there to
the anchorage by the safest route available.
Churchill to Thule.—Follow the reverse of the route through Hudson Strait and Bay, given above, from Churchill to the
position 20 miles S of Resolution Island in the entrance to Hudson Strait and then to Thule as directly as possible within the
limits of safe navigation via position 76°20'N, 69°45'W.
Churchill to Sondre-Stromfjord.—From the position S of Resolution Island proceed as directly as safe navigation will
permit to position 66°01'N, 53°45'W at the entrance to the fjord.
Strait of Belle Isle to Ports in the Gulf of St. Lawrence and the Great Lakes.—Follow the fairway of the Strait of
Belle Isle, passing 5 miles S of Amour Pont to a position about 14 miles SE of Cape Whittle Light. Course is then altered to
the W to pass N of Anticosti Island through Mingan Passage.
Outbound.—Vessels have the option of passing either N or S of Anticosti Island. Although the S route is 17 miles
longer, it allows a vessel to take advantage of the east-going Gaspe Current. To obtain the full benefit of the current keep at
a distance of 4 to 5 miles offshore between Cap Chat and Fame Point. From a position abreast of Fame Point steer E to pass
about 6 miles S of Heath Point, and then alter course NE to join the inbound track about 14 miles SE of Cape Whittle Light.
Cabot Strait to ports in the Gulf of St. Lawrence and the Great Lakes.-—Steer as directly as safe navigation will
permit to pass about midway b tween St. Paul Island and Cape North, Cape Breton Island. Then steer NNW to a position
about 6 miles NE of Bird Rocks and then change course for a position about 14 miles NE of Cape des Rosiers. From there
pass Fame Point at a distance of about 10 miles and then maintain an offing of 10 miles or more as far as the mouth of the
St. Lawrence River between Pointe des Monts and Matane.
If inbound from northern European ports via the Cape Race route, proceed as directly as possible within the limits of safe
navigation to a position about 8 miles SW of Cape Ray, Newfoundland, and then to a position about 10 miles off Fame
Point, where the above track can be picked up and followed.
Outbound.—In general the reverse of the above routes are followed except that when rounding the Gaspe Peninsula a
distance of between 4 and 5 miles offshore is maintained as far as Fame Point and then course is altered to a position about
10 miles NE of Cap des Rosiers to take full advantage of the Gaspe Current.
Halifax to ports in the Gulf of Mexico.—Proceed direct to the vicinity of Matanilla Shoals Buoy (27"24'N., 79°08'W.),
being careful to remain N of the 28th parallel until absolutely certain of vessel's position to avoid the shoals E of buoy. From
there proceed across the Gulf Stream to Jupiter Inlet Light, allowing for about a 2.25 knot N set. On approaching the Florida
coast remain in at least 27.4m of water and from 1 to 1.5 miles offshore. When at the appropriate distance off turn S and
follow the general trend of the shore around the S tip of Florida and Keys to Dry Tortugas. Maintain a distance of at least 1
to 1.5 miles offshore as far as Hillsboro Inlet, then 1.5 to 2 miles off to Fowey Rocks, and at least 2 miles off to Dry
Tortugas. From Dry Tortugas course may be set to arrive at destination by the safest route.
Alternate routes.—Some vessels proceed directly to the vicinity of Fowey Rocks from Matanilla Shoals. Others
maintain their SSW course after passing Matanilla Shoals Buoy until they cross the 200m curve and then turn due S until
abeam of Great Issac Light, whereupon they steer 234° to make the Florida Keys in the vicinity of Molasses Reef. Then
they follow the general trend of the coast maintaining a distance off of at least 2 miles. All three routes take about the same
amount of time although the distances vary.
Halifax to ports in the eastern Caribbean Sea.—Proceed as directly as safe navigation will permit to the vicinity of
Mona Island (18°05' N., 67°51' W.), passing W of the island if bound for ports in the Dominican Republic or W of Curacao,
and E of the island if bound for ports in Puerto Rico or E of Curacao, into the Caribbean Sea. Once clear of the passage
proceed as direct as safe navigation will permit to destination.
3. New York to ports in the Caribbean Sea and the Gulf of Mexico.
New York to San Juan, Puerto Rico.—From Hudson Canyon Traffic Lane Buoy (40°08'N., 73°21'W.) proceed directly
to San Juan approach.
New York to Santo Domingo.—From Hudson Canyon Traffic Lane Buoy proceed to a position about 7 miles E of Cabo
Engano on Hispaniola and then by the safest and most direct route to Santo Domingo.
New York to Aruba and Curacao.—Follow the New York to Santo Domingo route above as far as the position off
Cabo Engano and then direct to destination.
New York to ports in the Gulf of Mexico.—From Barnegat Lighted Horn Buoy (39°46'N., 73°46'W.) proceed so as to
pass about 12 miles off Diamond Shoals Light Tower. Maintain this course past the tower and across the Gulf Stream to
about 34°00'N. Then change course to arrive in the vicinity of Matanilla Shoals Buoy. Then proceed as in the Halifax to
ports in the Gulf of Mexico route above.
Pub. 140
4. Miscellaneous Cross-Atlantic Ocean Routes.

New York to Casablanca.—Proceed via Nantucket Traffic Lane to Nantucket Shoals Light Ship and then by great circle
track to the approaches to Casablanca.
New York to Cape Town.—Proceed as directly as safe navigation permits to the vicinity of Hudson Canyon Traffic Lane
Buoy (40°08'N., 73°21'W.) and then to Cape Town via a great circle track.
New York to the E Coast of South America.—From Hudson Canyon Traffic Lane Buoy proceed by great circle so as to
cross the Equator at the 37th meridian. Then steer for position 5°25'N, 34°25'W and then proceed by coastwise routes to
destination.
Norfolk to Port of Spain.—Proceed via Virgin Passage, passing W of St. Croix and Sail Rock and then direct to the
Dragons Mouth. From the Dragons Mouth proceed coastwise, having due regard for navigational dangers, to the
approaches to Port of Spain.
Norfolk to Dakar.—Proceed direct to Cap Verde by great circle track and then as directly as safe navigation permits to
Dakar.
Bordeaux to Belem.—From the mouth of the Gironde River shape a course to give the salient point of NW Spain a wide
berth, especially in thick weather. Then proceed by great circle so as to cross the Equator at 47°45'W and from there
proceed as directly as safe navigation will permit to Belem.
Bordeaux to the E Coast of South America.—After rounding the NW coast of Spain at a safe distance, shape a route as
directly as safe navigation will allow to a position off the desired port
Bordeaux to Cape Town.—After rounding northwestern Spain proceed by a great circle route to position 22°20'N,
17°00'W passing between Gran Canaria and Fuerteventura in the Canary Islands. Then proceed along the African coast,
maintaining a safe distance off, to position 11°20'N, 17°10'W and then by great circle track to Cape Town.
Pub. 140
Appendix IV—International Port Traffic Signals and Visual Storm Warning Signals
Pub. 140
509
NORTH SEA AND THE ENGLISH CHANNEL
General 509 offshore, and deeper water moves onshore.

Cautions 510 The average North Sea depth is 94m. The S part of North
Climatology 511 Sea is shallow, with an average depth of 50m S of Dogger
Currents 517 Bank. Depths decrease from 145 to 165m at its N end to about
Fishing Areas 518 27 to 37m at its S end. The bottom is fairly smooth and it
Ice 518 slopes upward toward the SSE to the Dutch Wadden Isles. The
Mined Areas 518 bottom slopes downward from S to N except for the Dogger
Navigational Information 518 Bank area, which shoals to 13m. The Norwegian Trench, with
Offshore Drilling 519 depths of 250 to 600m, follows the S coast of Norway.
Pilotage 519 Shifting sand waves are located in the S part of the North
Pollution 519 Sea.
Regulations 519 The terrain is mostly mountainous with hills and small plains
Routes 521 along the cost.
Ship Reporting System 521 Hydrographic information for the coast of Albania may be
Signals 521 inadequate; charts and publications covering these waters may
Tides 522 not be up-to-date. Prudent navigation is advisable.
Appendix I—Routes in and around the United Kingdom
and Ireland 523 English Channel
Appendix II—Eastern North Sea Ice Dates 527 The English Channel connects the eastern Atlantic Ocean
with the North Sea. The English Channel constricts to its mini-
General mum width of 19 miles at the Straits of Dover. Because of the
constriction and shallow depths, tidal flow through the English
North Sea Channel is strong. In general, water flows from the Atlantic
The North Sea is an epicontinental sea on the shelf area be- Ocean, through the English Channel, and into the North Sea.
tween the British Isles and Norway, Denmark, Germany, Hol- The flow may be reversed by strong winds. The climate of the
land, and Belgium. Atlantic Ocean water flows through the English Channel is temperate. It is generally windy, cloudy,
English Channel, through the Straits of Dover and into the and rainy.
North Sea. Also, fresh water from the N coast of France enters The English Channel bottom depth decreases rapidly at the
the North Sea through the English Channel. Generally, in win- entrance of the English Channel from over 2,000m in the Bay
ter there is an E movement of water. During summer, surface of Biscay to 120m at the mouth of the English Channel.The
water along the coasts of the Netherlands and Denmark moves floor of the English Channel slopes steeply down from the
Pub. 140
510 North Sea and the English Channel
coast to a depth of 30 to 60m and then becomes generally flat An E-W wind is ten times more effective in producing a sea
below a depth of 60m. The floor slopes gently from the E end level anomaly in the North Sea than a N-S wind. In general, W
at 40m to about 120m at the mouth of the English Channel. and N winds lower the sea level on the English coast and raise
The mean depth of the English Channel is 53m, varying be- the level on the continental shore in the SE part of the North
tween a maximum depth of 172m close N of the Iles des Sea.
Casquets and a minimum of 1.5m near the center of The Ridge. Negative surges reducing sea levels by as much as 2m are
West of 2°W, the sea floor is broken by islands and shoals. common in the S part of the North Sea. These negative surges
Sand banks occur in the E part of the English Channel; sand are most likely to occur after the onset of strong S or SW
waves occur near the W mouth of the English Channel. winds, although weather associated with an area of high pres-
Sand waves extending up to 17m from the bottom were re- sure can also cause a negative surge. Negative surges are most
ported (1971) to extend up to 4 miles S of South Falls Lighted frequent in December or January but are rare in the summer.
Buoy, decreasing the fairway depth to 18.9m. These negative surges are more frequent in tidal estuaries and
There are three narrow trenches in the floor of the English shallow water.
Channel, as follows: The Negative Storm Warning Service forecasts appreciable
1. Hurd Deep near Guernsey. falls in tidal levels due to meteorological effects in the southern
2. Fosse de l’Ile Vierge North Sea, the Thames Estuary, and the Strait of Dover. Warn-
3. Fosse d’Oessant. ing are issued by Coastguard radio stations, NAVTEX, and the
Channel Navigation Information Service when it is estimated
Cautions that tidal levels may be 1m or more lower than predicted astro-
nomically-predicted values. Warnings are normally issued 6 to
Special Warning 120 (Issued 16 November 2001; reviewed 12 hours ahead of the event but an advanced notification may
20 November 2014) be given up to 30 hours in advance.
Atlantic Ocean—Cautions. Wind Farms
Wind farms are located off the coast of the Netherlands, as
Sand Waves follows:
Fields of sand waves are common in the S part of the North 1. Bord 1 Wind Farm—Eighty turbines within an area
Sea. Sand waves are formed where the water moves rapidly centered on position 54°21.5'N, 5°58.0'E.
over an area of unconsolidated sea bed sediment; the are simi- 2. Global Tech 1 Wind Farm—Under construction (2012)
lar to sand dunes formed on land by the wind. The least depths in an area centered on position 52°35.5'N, 4°13.5'E.
over sand waves are obtained during routine surveys, but where 1. Borkum Riffgrund 1 Wind Farm—Seventy-seven tur-
these fields are mobile, changes to charted depths are likely to bines under construction (2014) within an area centered on
occur. Sand waves reach their maximum heights after periods position 53°58.2'N, 6°33.2'E.
of relatively calm weather or neap tides. 1. Borkum West II Wind Farm—Forty turbines under
construction within an area centered on position 54°21.03N,
Wind Effects on Water Levels 6°28.'E.
Bursts of wind of short duration cause inertial oscillations in 1. Alpha Ventus Wind Farm—Twelve turbines centered
the waters of the North Sea. If the oscillations are in phase with on position 54°00.6'N, 6°36.4'E.
the tides, they may increase the tidal current 1 knot. These os-
cillations are important in creating extreme currents. Unexploded Ordnance
There are three types of storm surges that create problems in Unexploded ordnance lies on the sea bottom, as follows:
the North Sea, as follows: 1. Within an area bounded by lines joining the following
1. The first type of storm surge is caused by strong NW positions:
winds due to a depression passing over Norway at 8°E and a. 52°25.0'N, 2°00.0'E.
between 60°N and 65°N. Tidal currents are directed into the b. 52°25.0'N, 3°15.0'E.
German Bight, causing high water levels along the German c. 53°12.0'N, 3°15.0'E.
and Danish coasts. d. 53°12.0'N, 2°00.0'E.
2. The second type is caused by a fast-moving depression 2. Within 3 miles on either side of a line joining position
over the center of the North Sea at 8°E between 50°N and 52°05.0'N, 2°32.0'E and position 52°20.0'N, 3°00.0'E
57°N. The wind pattern sets up a meso-scale residual eddy 3. In the vicinity of position 52°46.4'N, 1°41.9'E
turning counterclockwise in the central North Sea which pro- 4. In the vicinity of position 53°22.0'N, 1°11.0'E
duces high water levels along all coasts.
3. The third type of storm surge is caused by strong winds Crossing Traffic and Risk of Collision
steered by the topographic effect of the Norwegian Moun- Shipping lanes through the English Channel and the Strait of
tains. A depression moves north of the center of the North Dover are among the busiest in the world. There is a high risk
Sea passing 8°E between 57°N and 60°N. The winds cause a of collision, especially during poor visibility, in the Dover
clockwise turning residual eddy which sets up high water Strait and its adjacent waters.
levels in the middle of the North Sea. In addition to the high volume of vessel traffic in the Traffic
These surges may raise sea levels by as much as 3m in severe Separation Scheme, there is a large volume of cross-channel
cases. ferry traffic between ports on the SE coast of the United King-
Considerable effort is expanded in forecasting storm surges. dom and the N coast of France, including high speed catama-
Pub. 140
North Sea and the English Channel 511
rans and hovercraft, which is at a peak during the summer The E coasts of Scotland and England benefit from that lee-
months; the summer months also see a high concentration of ward protection while the SE coasts from Belgium to Denmark
fishing vessels and recreational boats. are usually too far S of the storm centers and heavy rain areas.
Precipitation amounts range from 50 to 75mm per winter
High Speed Craft month. The SW coast of Norway benefits from neither of these
High speed craft operate between the coast of France and the effects; here precipitation amounts range from 100 to 230mm
coast of the United Kingdom. For further information, see per month. The scanty amounts along the other coasts accumu-
United Kingdom—Cautions. late over a large number of days. Measurable precipitation
(greater than or equal to 0.1mm) is observed on about 14 to 20
Deep-Draft Routes and Required Underkeel Clearances in days per month. Norway’s precipitation falls on about 18 to 24
the Strait of Dover and the Southern North Sea days per month; much of this falls as snow.
For further information, see Pub. 191, Sailing Directions Other areas receive little snow. This is reflected by the tem-
(Enroute) English Channel (paragraph 6.5). peratures. Average winter daytime maximums range from the
low single digits (°C) along the German and Danish shores to
Maritime Administration (MARAD} Advisories the upper single digits (°C) along the SE coast of England.
MARAD Advisories rapidly disseminate information on Nighttime lows range from around freezing in Denmark, Nor-
maritime dangers, safety, government policy, and other time- way, Germany and the Low Countries to the low single digits
sensitive matters pertaining to U.S. flag vessel operations. For (°C) in England. These are not ideal conditions for frequent
further information, see North Atlantic Ocean—Cautions— snows, particularly since below normal temperatures often oc-
Maritime Administration (MARAD} Advisories. cur with clear skies. Minimum temperatures drop below freez-
ing from October through May. In mid-winter this occurs on 18
Climatology to 20 nights per month in Denmark and Norway, 10 to 17
nights in the lowland countries, and 6 to 12 nights in Great
General Britain. These are average general conditions to which there
The Naval Research Laboratory Monterey, a corporate re- may be exceptions. For example, at exposed Spurn Head below
search laboratory for the United States Navy and Marine freezing temperatures occur on a maximum of just 3 to 4 days
Corps, publishes port studies and forecaster handbooks that per month. At Nairn, near Inverness in the Moray Firth, tem-
may be of use to the mariner. These publications can be ac- peratures drop to freezing or below on 12 to 19 days per winter
cessed at the Naval Research Laboratory web site. month, with most occurrences in March. However, snow does
fall on an average of 10 to 20 days annually along the shores of
Naval Research Laboratory Monterey Home Page England, the Netherlands, Belgium and West Germany. This
average jumps to 20 to 35 days in Scotland and Denmark and
http://www.nrlmry.navy.mil/pubs.htm to 35 to 50 days along the southwestern coast of Norway. The
snow season runs from November through April except in
The European Severe Weather Port Guide contains informa- Scotland and Norway, where it normally extends from October
tion on the following ports: through May.
1. Norway—Bergen and Hakonsvern. There are some periods on these North Sea coasts when it
2. United Kingdom—Firth of Forth. isn’t raining or snowing. The number of days when clear skies
are observed averages between 2 and 8 days per winter month.
NORTH SEA These periods are most likely between fronts or with the out-
General.—Winters along the North Sea coasts are usually break of a continental high pressure system. These highs are
mild, drizzly, foggy, and damp. Frequent North Atlantic low responsible for the coldest winter days. Record low tempera-
pressure systems and infrequent Siberian highs make up the tures can be neared or broken during these spells. Extreme low
winter climate. The weather at individual ports or along specif- temperatures depend upon exposure and range, as follows:
ic coasts depends largely on exposure to prevailing winds,
closeness to storm centers, and the industrial makeup of the ar- Great Britain coast: -8.9°C to -12.8°C
ea. The short winter day also contributes to the North Sea cli-
Belgium-Netherlands coast: -8.9°C to -18.9°C
mate.
The numerous storms that frequent the North Sea and nearby Interior ports in Germany: -21.7°C
waters bring a varied abundant cloud cover that blocks 80 to 90
Jutland coast of Denmark: -17.8°C
per cent of the sunshine available on these short days. Cloudy
conditions (cloud cover greater than or equal to 6/8) occur on Southwest coast of Norway: -12.2°C to -22.2°C
about 18 to 25 days per month, except along the normally lee-
ward E shores of Great Britain, where they are seen on about Drastic temperature drops of 11° to 17°C can occur in Nor-
12 to 16 days per month. This cloud cover helps keep tempera- way when cold air rushes down fjords. It is during these clear
tures down during the day and up at night. The diurnal range cold periods that most ports are highly susceptible to fog.
averages 6° to 10°F in winter. The cloud cover indicates mois- Fog is often aided by industrial smoke, which by itself can
ture and is reflected in relative humidities that average in the sometimes lower visibilities to less than 1 mile. Winds can
mid to upper 80 per cent range. Yet with all the moisture, the spread this smoke over great distances. Winter fog is local,
storms, and the cloudiness, precipitation amounts are, for the however, and needs sheltered conditions in order to thrive. For
most part, light. example, along the Netherlands coast visibilities drop to or be-
Pub. 140
low 0.6 mile on up to 11 days per month, while nearby light- develop. Average cloud cover ranges from 5 to 6 oktas
ships experience these conditions on just 4 to 6 days. At (eighths). Clear days, less common than they were in spring,
sheltered Inchkeith, Scotland, in the Firth of Forth, the fog sig- range from 2 to 8 per month. Cloudy days are more common
nal is heard an average of 108 hours in February. A short dis- and range from 14 to 22. Afternoon clouds are often convective
tance away at exposed St. Abb’s Head, their fog signal sounds giving rise to showers and thunderstorms. Monthly rain
an average of 21 hours in February. Fog depends on moisture, amounts usually increase as the summer wears on. By August
and relative humidities are high year round on North Sea amounts of 51 to 101mm are common, except in Norway,
coasts. The average diurnal range of humidities is small in win- where the range is from 101 to 178mm. Showers can be heavy
ter, averaging just 2 to 6 per cent. Along most coasts, relative and maximum 24-hour amounts are usually in the 51 to 76mm
humidities range from the upper 80s to mid 90s (per cent) in range; Yarmouth Roads measured 122mm during one August
the early morning and from the low to upper 80s (per cent) in shower. Thunderstorms are most likely in the summer and are
the afternoon. Along, the Norwegian coast, this range is from usually isolated late afternoon occurrences. They are most fre-
the low 80s to the mid to upper 70s (per cent). quent from southeast England along the Low Countries to Ger-
Spring is a pleasant season of transition along the North Sea many. On these coasts thunderstorms occur on 3 to 6 days per
coasts. As the days grow longer, temperatures rise, cloudiness month from late spring through early Autumn. Elsewhere they
and rain are less frequent and humidities are lower, although are infrequent and occur on just 1 to 2 days per month. Thun-
fog is still present. While lows are more likely to move directly derstorms and showers briefly reduce visibilities. Summer visi-
over the North Sea, they are much weaker than the severe win- bilities are usually good.
ter storms. Their southward shift along with an increase in NE The northeast coast of Scotland is susceptible to sea fog and
winds bring more cloudiness to the former leeward coasts of at Wick visibilities drop below 0.6 mile on 3 to 4 days per
Great Britain. Cloudy skies (greater than or equal to 6/8) are month. Along most coasts a light early morning fog is com-
now observed on up to 20 days per month along the east coasts mon; this is mainly radiation or land fog. It is prevalent around
of England and Scotland. Elsewhere, however, cloudiness is industrial areas and can reduce visibilities below 0.6 mile on up
decreasing; by May cloudy conditions are observed on 8 to 16 to 3 days per month at places like Vlissingen, Emden, Bremen,
days. Along with an increase in radiation, this causes tempera- Hamburg and Stavanger. However, it usually reduces visibili-
tures to rise and also causes a greater difference between maxi- ties to just below 2.5 miles in the early morning. During the
mums and minimums. During spring, average maximums rise morning hours, the stable conditions that support this fog dis-
from the upper single digits (°C) to the mid-teens (°C). Mini- appear as the air is heated and becomes more turbulent. Visibil-
mums jump from near freezing to the mid to upper single digits ities quickly improve. The moisture needed to support these
(°C). These temperature increases result in a drop in relative fogs is reflected in the relative humidities. If the actual mois-
humidities and an increase in the diurnal spread. By May ture content of the air remained the same year round, then rela-
morning maximums are in the 75 to 90 per cent range while af- tive humidities would be lowest in summer when temperatures
ternoon minimums range from the upper teens to low 20s (°C). are highest. However, sea breezes and prevailing winds in-
The relative humidities indicate that May and June are the two crease moisture and relative humidities are higher than spring
driest months, This is also reflected by precipitation. From and increase throughout the summer. Early morning maximum
February through May average monthly precipitation amounts relative humidities increase from the mid 70s(per cent) and low
range from 25 to 76mm, and up to 152mm along the southwest 80s (per cent) to the mid to upper 80s (per cent) by summer’s
Norwegian coast. Those bleak rainy days are also on the de- end. Minimum afternoon relative humidities do not increase
cline and measurable precipitation can be expected on 8 to 16 and remain in the 0 to mid 70 per cent range.
days per month in spring. There is a further decline in rainy There are periods of hot dry weather associated with conti-
days during summer but this is offset by heavier falls in show- nental highs. During these infrequent spells humidities are low
ers. Although humidities are lower and rain is less, fog is still a and temperatures are high. Maximum temperatures of more
problem in spring. Spring is a season of two fogs: land (radia- than 30°C may occur on the average of 1 to 4 days per summer.
tion) and sea. Some locations are subject to both under the Extreme temperatures along the North Sea coasts are in the low
right conditions. Many of these locations reach a peak in fog to mid 30s (°C).
frequency during March. During this month visibilities fall to Autumn brings a gradual return to hazardous winter condi-
or below 0.6 mile on 4 to 8 days. The clear conditions (sky tions. September is closely related to summer while November
cover less than or equal to 2/8) needed for land fog formation begins to feel like winter. Often a brief return to pleasant sum-
are observed on 3 to 6 days per month. At sheltered locations mer-like weather occurs for a week or so in September or early
spring marks the end of the fog season. By May, fog is becom- October. This is similar to Indian Summer in the United States.
ing more infrequent almost everywhere. Frequencies are fall- As storm intensity and size increases and days shorten, tem-
ing toward a summer minimum. peratures begin to fall. Daytime maximums fall from the mid to
Summer is a relatively cool wet season with occasional peri- upper teens (°C) in September into the mid to upper single dig-
ods of hot dry weather, The length of the day is around 16 to 18 its (°C) by November. Minimums fall from the upper single
hours, about twice that of winter. Sea breezes and prevailing digits and low teens (°C) into the low single digits (°C). By Oc-
winds off the water keep maximum daytime temperatures in tober, temperatures begin to fall below freezing on 1 to 2 days
the upper teens to low 20s (°C) range. Temperatures in general in many locations; this increases to as many as 12 days by No-
decrease N; the coldest temperatures are found along the coasts vember.
of Scotland and Norway. Temperatures are also restricted by Lowering temperatures bring an increase in relative humidi-
cloudiness. In the early morning low clouds, haze and smoke ties, particularly minimum relative humidities. Afternoon min-
are often present and during the afternoon cumulus type clouds imums, which were in the low to mid 70s (per cent) in early
Pub. 140
fall, rise into the low to upper 80s (per cent) by November. Winds.—A year round procession of lows and fronts
Maximums already in the 80s (per cent) increase by 4 or 5 per through or near the North Sea produces varying, frequently
cent in most locations. Increasing relative humidities and fall- shifting, winds. When days are long and storms are weak, the
ing temperatures accompany an increase in fog frequencies seasonal land-sea breeze provides a steadying effect. Topogra-
along most coasts. phy influences winds on all coasts in all seasons, but is most
Visibilities in early fall are excellent along the exposed coast noticeable in the gusty squalls that come blowing off the Scot-
of Scotland, where they fall below 0.6 mile on less than 2 days tish highlands and roaring down the Norwegian fjords.
per month. Along the English coasts the frequency of poor vis- Since so many winter storms remain N of the area, a general
ibilities increases during the fall; by November visibilities less SW to W flow prevails. This flow is deflected to the SE around
than or equal to 0.6 mile can be expected on 3 to 8 days. Along Norway. Spring and autumn combine the closer-passing but
the coasts of the Low Countries and Germany fog occurrences weaker storms with a land-sea breeze effect to produce a varied
reach a peak from October through January. Low visibilities and complex wind regime. Summer winds are the product of
can be expected on 6 to 9 days each month. Fog frequencies normally weak pressure gradients and the influential land-sea
decrease in Denmark and Norway; visibilities of 0.6 mile or breeze pattern.
less occur on 3 to 5 days per month along the Denmark coast Winter winds at Wick, Scotland blow from S through NW
and 1 to 2 days per month on Norwegian shores. The chances about 90 per cent of the time. These are part of the strong shift-
of land fog are always increased by clear conditions. Clear ing winds that blow off the E coasts of Scotland and England.
skies (less than or equal to 2/8) are seen more often in fall than Direction and speed are influenced by exposure. At Inverness,
summer. They are observed on about 4 to 12 days per month wind directions are more confined to S and SW, while W winds
and are most frequent in the Netherlands. Cloudy skies are also are most frequent at Tynemouth and Spurn Head. Greenwich
observed more often as fall turns toward winter. North Sea favors a relatively prevailing SW flow. Exposed locations like
coastal residents of Norway, Denmark, and Belgium can see Wick are subjected to winds that blow at an average of 15
cloudy conditions (cloud cover greater than or equal to 6/8) on knots, while protected ports like Inverness register 6-knot aver-
about 20 to 24 days per month in fall. Elsewhere, these condi- ages in winter.
tions occur on 15 to 22 days per month by late fall. Spring winds are weaker but more complex than the winter
Rains along most coasts are heaviest in late summer and ear- flow. More, but weaker, storms pass directly over the area and
ly autumn. Average amounts are largest along the southwest the land-sea breeze begins to take hold. Winds in general, and
coast of Norway where they range from 127 to 229mm in the afternoon winds in particular, begin to come more and more off
peak month. Along other coasts this range is from 51 to 76mm. the water during March. While S through W winds still prevail,
These amounts tend to decrease somewhat as winter approach- they are less frequent than in winter. Winds from the N through
es. However, rainy days increase from 10 to 16 days in early SE are slowly becoming an accepted afternoon feature. The
fall to 12 to 20 days by late in the season. There is a chance of weaker storms drop wind speed averages to 5 to 12 knots. A
snow by October in the N and by November in the S. slight afternoon increase is apparent. This wind speed increase
Extratropical Cyclones.—The most intense storms affect reaches an average of 3 to 4 knots in summer.
the North Sea in fall and winter. The main path of storms lies Summer winds are a blend of the variable flow around weak
between Scotland and Iceland. Storms also move across the infrequent storms and the steady reversible flow of the land and
British Isles and then NE to Norway. Occasionally a storm will sea breezes. Sometimes these forces combine to produce a
move across southern England or through the English Channel strong flow and other times they are at odds and the flow is
and into the Baltic Sea. About 60 per cent of all North Sea win- weak. On clear mild days, light W to SW morning winds grad-
ter storms develop gale-force winds. Many are intense second- ually reverse to become N through SE, at average speeds of 12
ary lows that form S of a major system. These can move across knots, during the afternoon. When these ideal conditions are
the North Sea at speeds up to 40 knots. Gales most often ac- not present, the sea breeze may still alter existing flow. For ex-
company SW through NW winds. Fronts associated with these ample, at Wick, the sea breeze helps make S winds an import-
storms are most active in winter. A well-developed storm be- ant afternoon feature by rerouting existing SW and W flows.
tween Iceland and Scotland, with its frontal systems, can cover When cloud cover prevents sufficient heating of the land or
1,000 miles. when the pressure gradient is strong, SW to W winds can pre-
Most winter storms move well to the N of the SE coast of the vail all day. Summer mornings are often beset by calms, partic-
North Sea. They bring S to SE winds, rising temperatures, ularly at sheltered locations; an excellent example is Inverness,
cloudiness, and occasional showers to these shores. As the low where morning calms occur 13 to 22 per cent of the time, year
passes, winds shift to the SW and W, with cooler weather and round, including 19 to 20 per cent on fall mornings. However,
showers. When lows pass close to these shores or a vigorous in general, autumn brings an increase in wind speeds and more
cold front moves in from the N, the accompanying high seas variable directions as storms become more intense and days
are a menace to the low-lying farmlands and villages. North grow shorter. Average winds along exposed shores are up to 15
winds have the longest fetch. knots again by October. The increase in frequency of S through
As spring progresses, the primary storm track shifts S into NW winds signals the approach of winter.
the North Sea. There is, however, a considerable decrease in in- The winter wind season is shorter along the coasts of Bel-
tensities even though summer brings the greatest number of gium, the Netherlands, and Germany. The relatively predict-
lows. Less than 10 per cent of these storms generate gales. able flow of S through W winds lasts only through January.
Frontal activity is at a minimum in summer. Frontal zones are Late winter storms and increasing daylight are responsible for
usually narrow with showers and rapid clearing after the front a noticeable variability in winds by February. Northwest
passes. winds, infrequent until now, become more prominent since
Pub. 140
storms are passing closer to these shores. South to SW winds times when the sea breeze brings a brief return to summer.
are the most common in December and January. During Febru- Then suddenly a large storm sweeps in off the Atlantic Ocean
ary, NW through E winds are on the increase. Average wind and the strong shifting winds of winter prevail. Average wind
speeds also begin to fall from a mid-winter peak of 20 knots speeds are on the increase. As fall wears on, winds with E com-
along exposed shores and 8 knots at the more protected ports. ponents become more and more frequent, heralding a return to
Zeebrugge, Belgium is an exception that averages 13 to 15 winter.
knots year round. By March, a NE through E flow may be as Gales.—Winter storms, with their fronts, are responsible for
frequent as winds from the SW and W, with winds off the wa- most of the strong winds and gales along the North Sea coasts.
ter more frequent during the afternoon. At Hoek Van Holland On the prominent shores of Scotland and Norway, topography
in April, the frequency of N winds increases from a morning lends a helping hand. The prevailing winter flow in Scotland
value of 15 per cent to 26 per cent in the afternoon. Here and comes off high ground and often develops into squalls that
along most of the coast, the sea breeze merely alters the exist- blow down slopes and valleys. This can cause gusty winds
ing flow. The pure sea breeze is more likely to come from the above gale force along the coast. In Norway, tablelands drop
W at Hoek van Holland and from the W through N along other abruptly into the sea and are separated by deep fissures known
coasts. At Vlissingen in July, W winds are observed 16 per cent as fjords. Cold air, which builds up over the highlands in win-
of the time in the morning and 41 per cent of the time during ter, pours down the steep slopes, creating gusts along the coast.
the afternoon. At Bremerhaven, the frequency of the July NW This is often triggered by an approaching low pressure system.
wind increases by 26 per cent from morning to afternoon. The During these spells, even more violent winds occur in the
land-sea breeze effect also produces an average 2 to 3 knot in- fjords where cold air outflow is channeled and its speed greatly
crease in average wind speeds. Afternoon speeds average 15 increased. Squalls build to maximum strength within an hour
knots along exposed coasts and about 10 knots at more protect- or two. They are particularly treacherous since they occur in
ed locations, such as Hamburg. General summer wind flow cold, clear weather with little warning. These gales that men-
ranges from S to NW, with offshore components more likely ace fjord navigation are known locally as “elvegusts.” Terrain
during the night and early morning hours and onshore compo- also provides shelter from gales. For example, Aberdeen, on
nents most frequent during the afternoon. The land breeze is the section of the Scottish coast protected by mountains to the
weaker and less influential than the sea breeze. Although the west and northwest, experiences fewer days with gales in a
land-sea breeze effect extends into autumn, it is made second- year than does nearby Wick in a typical January.
ary by the major storm systems which once again plague the Along the E coasts of Scotland and England, gales are most
North Sea. The extremely variable fall winds, including a here- likely from September through May. Strong winds and gales
to-fore uncommon SE flow, gradually revert to the S through can occur in a line squall preceding or accompanying a cold
W winter pattern. Wind speeds increase, with averages of up to front. This event is heralded by a line of low black clouds to the
16 knots along unprotected coasts. W or NW. These line squalls may occur in any season and are
Along the North Sea coasts of Denmark and Norway, storms experienced once or twice a season along any section of coast.
and topography tend to back the general SW winter flow to- Local gale frequency is largely determined by exposure to SW
ward the E. Winter winds tend to blow out of the NE through through NW winds. At unprotected ports like Wick and Edin-
SW in Denmark and out of the E through S along Norway’s burg, gales can be expected on just under 25 days annually.
shores. The E component in Norway is aided by the outflow of Most ports are more sheltered and experience 2 to 12 gale days
cold air from the high interior. Average wind speeds range up in an average year. The infrequent gales of summer are associ-
to 15 knots along Norway’s coasts but most ports are protected ated with violent afternoon thunderstorms and may come from
and average speeds at these places range from 6 to 10 knots. In any direction. Extreme winds are most likely in winter. Record
an extreme case of sheltering, Sauda, a small industrial town, gusts of 88 knots have occurred at Dyce in January and at Bell
has an average wind speed of 2 to 3 knots year round. Average Rock in November. Edinburg recorded a 75-knot gust in Janu-
winter wind speeds along the Danish coast range from 8 to 12 ary.
knots. As winter turns to spring, winds become more variable The Netherlands and Belgium coasts are most often exposed
with an increase in the frequency of SW through NW winds. to gales from the SW through N. The Netherlands is usually
By late May, the sea breeze helps boost the frequency of after- more susceptible to strong winds. Gales occur on 10 to 20 days
noon winds from off the water. Wind speeds start to increase during an average year and on up to 3 days per month from Oc-
during the day. Afternoon speeds average between 8 and 12 tober through March.
knots. This afternoon increase reaches a peak in summer when Inland ports such as Amsterdam and Rotterdam are more
morning winds are lightest. Summer winds blow mostly from sheltered. At Amsterdam winds greater than or equal to 28
the S through SW along the Danish coast and from the W knots occur on about 17 days annually while gale-force winds
through N along Norwegian shores. The sea breeze influence is are observed on just 2 days each year. Although strong winds
now at its peak. Southwest winds, prevalent on summer morn- are most frequent and most severe in winter, occasionally a vi-
ings in Denmark, become even more persistent during the day, olent summer thunderstorm can cause local winds of 50 knots
while prevailing NW and N winds in Norway are increased by or more along these coasts. On rare occasions, small tornadoes
about 12 per cent during the day. Summer afternoons at Lista or waterspouts have been sighted with thunderstorm activity.
give rise to NW winds 38 to 44 per cent of the time. The land Extreme winds are most likely in winter and register around 60
breeze is infrequent along these shores since it opposes most knots along exposed shores. At Den Helder, sustained winds
normal flow. It appears only on calm clear nights and blows have reached 56 knots and gusts have reached 78 knots. Zee-
from an E direction. It becomes even less frequent with the brugge has recorded a 54-knot extreme in November and a 50-
coming of fall. During this transitional season, there are quiet knot wind in May. At Terschillingerbank, 60-knot winds have
Pub. 140
been observed in December and March. often associated with showers. By June, most coastal towns ex-
Even more exposed than the Low Countries is the coast of perience measurable rain on just 8 to 13 days. April, May, and
Germany, where strongest winds blow from S through W. The June are the driest months of the year. Thunderstorms become
rock island of Helgoland, at the mercy of the sea, is besieged more frequent as spring turns to summer. They occur on up to 2
by gales on an average of 63 days annually, and a peak of 10 days per month. It is this showery weather that is responsible
days per month in November and January. Closer to the coast, for the greatest 24-hour rainfalls, which occur in the summer.
wind speeds diminish. Borkum, in the East Frisian Islands, ex- Extreme 24-hour amounts range from 51 to 102mm along the
periences winds equal to or greater than 28 knots on 3 to 6 days English Channel coasts. These are scanty totals when com-
per month from September through February and 1 to 3 days pared to the world’s 24-hour record of 1,870mm at Cilaos, La
per month during the rest of the year. At Bremerhaven, winds Reunion.
of 28 knots or more occur on 2 to 3 days per month from Octo- The advancing season in combination with less rain and
ber through April. more blue sky moves spring daytime temperatures into the mid
Hamburg’s winds seldom get above 28 knots. Gales are in- to upper teens (°C). Nighttime lows average in the upper single
frequent along Denmark’s W shores. They occur on about 5 to digits (°C). During the hottest part of the year (July and Au-
10 days a year and on about 1 day per month from September gust) average maximums range from 18.3° to 21.1°C while av-
through April. erage minimums reach the low teens (°C). Rising temperatures
The open coastal waters of southwest Norway are subject to drop relative humidities. However, this is partially offset by sea
frequent gales. At port s, gales are less common. In mid-winter breezes and other winds from off the English Channel. After-
gales occur on up to 12 days per month in coastal seas and on 4 noon relative humidities reach a low during spring or summer
to 6 days per month in summer. Sheltered ports like Lindesnes of from about 70 to 75 per cent. During the night they tend to
and Bergen average 1 to 3 gale days per month from September climb back into the 90 per cent range. The English Channel
through April. Less protected places such as Lista and Stavan- waters continue to moderate temperature extremes. The num-
ger average 4 to 5 gales days per month during this period. ber of days that maximum temperatures reach or exceeds
Summer gales are rare. 30.0°C is practically nil. Extreme record high temperatures are
generally somewhere in the low to mid 30s (°C). Extremes at
ENGLISH CHANNEL more exposed stations are usually in the upper 20s (°C).
General.—Fall and winter are dreary times along the En- The turn from summer to fall is gradual. September retains
glish Channel coasts. Days are cloudy, rainy and mild, while many summer characteristics. Daytime temperatures still reach
nights are damp and chilly. Cloudy conditions (cloud cover the high teens (°C); clear skies can be seen on as many as 8
greater than or equal to 8/10) occur on up to 20 days per month days and rain is observed on less than one-half of all Septem-
while rain, or sometimes snow (1 to 3 days per winter month), ber days. During October the progression toward winter be-
can be expected on 15 to 25 days per month. Cloud cover and comes more apparent. Rain is measured on about 15 to 20
the relatively warm waters keep temperatures and relative hu- days, days become noticeably cooler and clear skies are un-
midities from varying too much from day to night. Relative hu- common.
midity, dependent on temperature and moisture, varies from 86 Extratropical cyclones.—Lows can cause problems in the
to 93 per cent during the early morning hours down to 80 to 85 English Channel year round. By far, the most common situa-
per cent in the afternoon. Nighttime temperatures range from tion in any season is a low pressure system N of the British
1.7 to 4.4 °C while daytime highs climb into the upper single Isles and a high to the S. This is particularly dangerous in win-
digits (°C). ter, when these storms are often intense.
Sometimes skies clear for a short period between frontal sys- The storms that pass far to the north bring bad weather but
tems or longer when a frigid high pressure system moves over changes are gradual. They often trail weather-producing fronts
the area from the NE. These clear conditions occur on the aver- across the English Channel. Cold fronts often bring this se-
age of 4 to 7 days per month. It is during these spells that night- quence of events:
time temperatures are most likely to fall to freezing or below. 1. Increasing cloudiness and wind speed.
When clear conditions persist for a week or more in conjunc- 2. Rain and possibly SW gales.
tion with a frigid high, temperatures can fall to -6.7°C or be- 3. Clearing and strong NW winds.
low. How cold it gets depends on the land and water influence. These systems can occur in families, which restrict the clear-
The oceanic Scilly Isles rarely experience temperatures below ing period. Open low pressure systems, called waves, can form
freezing. At a more land-tempered port like Dungeness, mini- on these fronts and bring additional trouble. Parent lows and
mum temperatures fall to freezing or below on 9 to 11 days per intense waves that pass close to, but north of the English Chan-
winter month. Extreme temperatures range from -12.8°C at nel bring bad weather and rapid changes. Winds are variable
Dungeness to -6.7°C at Falmouth and -3.9 °C on the Scilly and shift suddenly. Gales are likely and squalls often accompa-
Isles. When a persistent SW flow blows across the channel in ny fronts.
winter, unseasonably warm temperatures can occur. Maximum Storms are most intense in winter, but more pass over the
temperatures in extreme occurrences reach 15.6°C. British Isles in spring. In the fall storms often move S of the
With the coming of spring and then summer, days turn English Channel. This occurrence causes no sudden changes.
brighter, rain falls less frequently, and temperatures slowly Winds back gradually from E through N. This brings a cold
moderate. Even relative humidities drop off slightly. Cloudy flow of air, sometimes from the Greenland-Spitzbergen region.
skies are seen on the average of 10 to 20 days per month, while In late fall and winter there is a possibility of snow and gales.
clear skies are observed on up to 10 days per month. Partly Storms are weakest and farthest N in the summer. Most
cloudy conditions are most prevalent in the afternoon and are move well N of the British Isles. The two most common sum-
Pub. 140
mer situations are a low near Iceland or a low in the Norwegian the sea tend to experience an increase in N onshore winds
Sea, with highs S of the English Channel. Occasionally a weak during the day. At Falmouth, morning calms occur 9 per cent
low or a large high will center itself over the British Isles. or more of the time from April through September. By early af-
Forward speeds of lows are variable and range up to 40 ternoon calms are observed only 3 to 4 per cent of the time.
knots. Most common are speeds from 5 to 10 knots. Sometimes The land-sea breeze effect at Falmouth is reinforced by the
a low will become stationary near Iceland. This brings several configuration of the Penryn River. The result is a high frequen-
days or more of SW winds. cy of SW winds in the afternoon and NE winds in the morning.
Winds.—Winds within 20 miles of the coast are often sub- Plymouth experiences this same effect. At Portland Bill, the
ject to topographic effects. If a coast is bordered by steep cliffs sea breeze effect results in a tendency for N and NE winds to
or there are high hills or mountains paralleling the coast. a veer toward the E and for W to NW winds to back toward the
short distance inland, then onshore winds inclined to the coast SW At Dungeness, SW winds occur 32 per cent of the time on
are usually deflected and blow nearly parallel to the coast at an July mornings and 54 per cent of the time in the afternoon.
increased speed. This is particularly noticeable in a long nar- Around the Isle of Wight, winds often blow along the Solent
row strait. When onshore winds blow nearly perpendicular to a and Spithead under the sea breeze system. On a quiet warm
high coast, there is often a narrow belt of contrary gusty winds day, the main breeze will blow either from the SW up the So-
close to the coast. An offshore wind is often squally on the lee lent or from the SE up Spithead. Sometimes a morning SE
side of a hilly coast, especially where the air is much cooler wind will veer SW during the day. The land breeze blows on
than the sea surface. Land and sea breezes develop near the clear nights throughout the year and is often more marked in
coast particularly in spring and summer during fine settled winter. It flows most often from the NW down to Southampton
weather. Water. Wind speeds are lightest during the summer and show a
Along the English coast from December through February, noticeable diurnal variation. Mean speeds increase from 6 to 9
winds blow from the SW through NW about one-half of the knots during the morning to 12 to 14 knots in the afternoon.
time. The French coast experiences a fair percentage of S Afternoon sea breezes can reach 20 knots.
winds, and in some locations they are more prevalent than SW Autumn brings a return to the more variable, less predictable
winds. In general, the predominant flow is between S and W. conditions that existed in spring. Even along the Strait of Do-
Along both coasts NE and E winds are also common in winter. ver, where SW winds prevail, there is a significant increase in
Along the Strait of Dover coasts, SW winds are more fre- winds from the W through N. The highest frequency along the
quent than anywhere else all year round, and occur 20 to 30 per English Channel coasts is in winds from the SW through NE,
cent of the time in winter. In the approaches to Brest, NW but at some locations E winds prevail and at others SE winds
winds predominate in nearly all months. Brest itself is shel- are the most common. At Brest during October and November,
tered somewhat. Even in winter, calms occur 10 to 12 per cent calms are the prevailing condition, occurring 14 to 17 per cent
of the time, compared to 2 to 7 per cent at other ports. Coastal of the time. Autumn wind speeds are on the increase toward the
wind speeds are highest in winter. Averages range from 16 to winter maximums. The mean speeds range from 6 to 8 knots at
20 knots at exposed locations like the Scilly Isles and Ile sheltered locations to 15 knots at exposed sites.
d’Ouessant to 8 to 12 knots at sheltered ports like Brest and Gales.—Coastal gales, like lighter winds, are influenced by
Dungeness. exposure. Gale frequencies near the coast may be less than
In spring, winds become even more variable. On both sides one-half of nearby open water frequencies. Whether a stretch
of the English Channel N, NE, and E winds are often slightly of coast is sheltered depends on wind direction. A coast shel-
more frequent than SW and W winds. At some ports, the two tered from a S gale may suddenly be exposed if the gale veers
most frequent winds are directly opposite; at Dunkerque, NE to the W. This occurs in Mounts Bay and Portland Harbor.
and SW winds prevail, while on the Scilly Isles W and E are High ground to windward may not always provide the shelter
the two most common directions. Winds from the NW are also expected. For example, along the Dartmouth coast, a wind
frequent. Along the Dover Strait, SW wind still prevail but NE blowing from off the high ground often generates turbulent
winds are a strong second. Spring brings a decrease in wind squalls in coastal waters. This is particularly true with a WNW
speeds. This is reflected in the mean speeds which range from flow in Dartmouth Harbor.
8 to 17 knots. Along the English coast, the average annual number of days
With an increase in clear and mild weather from late spring with gales ranges from 3 days at Dover to 35 days at Falmouth.
through early fall, the land-sea breeze regime establishes itself. Gales are most likely from October through April; December
The heating of the land faster than the water during the day sets and January are the heart of the season. Falmouth is particular-
up an onshore flow. As the land cools quicker at night, an off- ly exposed to strong winds and gales. It has an average of 7
shore flow is established. When there are no interfering weath- gale days per month in December and January. The Scilly Isles
er systems, this flow prevails with unerring frequency, at other and Portland Bill are exposed locations subject to nearly three-
times it superimposes itself on the existing flow to some degree quarters of the gales that occur in open waters. Coastal gales
and can reinforce, oppose or deflect this flow. Along both En- are most common from the SW through NW. A SW gale will
glish Channel coasts, the daytime sea breeze often reinforces sometimes veer to the NW or N without losing strength. In
and increases the frequency of southwesterly and westerly April and May, the infrequent gales are often from the NE.
winds in summer, when it is strongest. At Calais, SW winds Gales vary in duration. Along the W shore they usually last 4 to
make up 45 per cent of the observations during July and Au- 5 hours. Along the English coast in the eastern English Chan-
gust. In general, near the coast the frequency of SW and W nel, gales usually last about 2 hours.
winds increase during the day, while NE winds, NW winds, The French coast is more exposed to gale-force winds than
and calms increase at night. Coastlines with a N exposure to the English coast. Gales are most likely from September
Pub. 140
through May. Gale days range from 69 at Brest to 13 at Jersey ibilities below 0.5 mile on 5 to 6 days per winter month. Sum-
Airport. December through February are the roughest months. mer visibilities along these coasts drop below 0.2 mile on less
Cherbourg is a well-sheltered port, while nearby Cap de la than 2 days per month at most locations. At St. Inglevert and
Hague is exposed to gales on about 6 days in December. This Le Havre they occur on 2 to 4 days per month in summer.
compares to an average of 3 gale days in December at Cher-
bourg, which is exposed to gales from the NE At St. Inglevert Currents
near Calais, gales occur on an average of 47 days a year and 5
to 7 days per month from October through February. St. Ing- NORTH SEA
levert is particularly exposed to SW gales. The direction of North Sea circulation in winter is driven by wind stress and
strong winds along the French coast is important to sea state. in summer by density gradients. In general, surface circulation
Between Brest and Cherbourg roughest seas are generated by is counterclockwise. The current is S along the E coast of En-
strong SW through NW winds. From Cherbourg to Dunkerque, gland with a speed of 0.1 knot, E in the South Bight and N
roughest seas are associated with strong winds from the NW along the Danish coast. The main part of the flow, the Jutland
through NE. Current, enters the Skagerrak; a minor part follows the Norwe-
Visibility.—Fog is responsible for most of the poor visibili- gian Trench N, joining with Baltic Sea waters to form the Nor-
ties that occur in the English Channel. Near industrial areas fog wegian Coastal Current.
is often intensified and prolonged by smoke. Sea fog and land Southwest wind stress over the North Sea drives the water
fog affect the English Channel and both have favored locations. flow at right angles to the wind direction, which sets up the cy-
Sea fog, which forms when warm moist air moves over cool- clonic vorticity. Large scale advection from the Atlantic Ocean,
er water, occurs most often from late spring through fall. Fa- low salinity Baltic Sea outflow, and fresh water discharge from
vorable conditions are found in the warm sector of a low and rivers and fjords are important for stratification and the mainte-
the fog can occur in fresh winds or even gales. It is most likely nance of the cyclonic circulation during the summer. Current
with SW to W winds. While mainly a summer hazard, sea fog directions are irregular at the bottom of the North Sea.
occurs two or three times in winter and can penetrate E as far Current speeds vary locally and seasonally. Around the Shet-
as Dungeness. In general, however, sea fog is most prevalent in land Islands and the Orkney Islands, where most of the new At-
summer in W waters. At times, it is possible to find an open ar- lantic Ocean water enters the North Sea, current speeds are 0.5
ea near the coast when mid-channel is foggy. Near the coast, to 0.7 knot in spring and summer, and 0.25 to 0.35 knot in fall
summer sea fog is most frequent in morning. and winter. Over the entire North Sea in winter, winds from the
Land radiation fog, which forms when moist air is cooled be- W produce S to SE surface currents while winds from the E
low its dew point by contact with the cold ground, is prevalent produce N to NW surface currents. Non-tidal currents are 0.2
from late fall through early spring. Favorable conditions are knot in August under light winds.
found in the clear skies and light winds of a large high pressure Frictional effects and coastal restraints become increasingly
system. Inland, radiation fog often dissipates during the day, important in shallow water where the flow aligns itself with the
but near the coast, particularly in mid-winter, it can persist for a wind direction or with the coastline. Dogger Bank shoals to
day or more. It may also drift into the English Channel and per- 13m. Currents deflect to the right of the wind during maximum
sist if it remains over cool waters. On 2 days per winter month, tidal streaming over Dogger Bank. Silver Pit, with a depth of
radiation fog will completely enshroud the Strait of Dover. 50m, is located just S of Dogger Bank. The current slows as
This is a real navigational hazard. Radiation fog is aided by water flows over the shallow bank and into deeper water.
smoke. Plymouth Hoe experiences about 4 to 5 days per winter Wind driven currents are much larger than the tidal currents
month of radiation fog infused with industrial smoke. Less in the Skagerrak. The current is 0.6 knot under SW winds in
than 1 mile away, across Cattewater, Mount Batten is relatively the shallow water near the Danish coast. Most of the low-water
fog-free during this period. salinity leaving the Skagerrak flows into the Norwegian Trench
Radiation fog is local and very liable to form in hollows or along lines of constant density which follow the Norwegian
over low-lying ground near rivers, particularly near smoke coastline. The Norwegian Current is the most intense non-wind
sources. driven circulation in the North Sea.
Sea fog is prevalent along. the English Channel coasts W of Currents along the bottom in the North Sea are weak and
Portland Bill and Cherbourg. In spring and summer, visibilities variable in direction. The flow is topographically steered. The
drop below 0.5 mile at a peak of 3 to 8 days per month. At Liz- water movement is S along the coast of Scotland following the
ard and Cap de la Hague, this peak is in July. At Portland Bill l00m contour, then E across the northern North Sea. The bot-
and Falmouth, May is the peak fog month; both types of fog tom water is entrained in the S flow along the Norwegian
occur during May. Summer sea fogs are most common with S Trench and into the Skagerrak. There is also a N flow along the
to W winds. In winter, radiation fogs, and occasionally a sea bottom from the South Bight along the coast of Denmark into
fog, occur along these coasts on usually less than 3 days per the Skagerrak.
month. In the North Sea the predominant tidal currents show rotary
Radiation fog prevails E of Cherbourg and Portland Bill. characteristics; nearshore they tend to be reversing. The times,
Poor visibilities occur most often in winter. While radiation fog direction and speeds of the tidal currents differ for different
is local, it often becomes widespread in the Strait of Dover. parts of he sea. In the middle of the sea and in the N entrance,
Winter visibilities along the coasts drop below 0.5 mile about 4 the speeds do not exceed 1.0 knot at springs. In coastal regions,
to 6 days per month at a peak. Visibilities of less than 5 miles tidal current speeds at times are as high as 2.5 knots.
can occur on up to 15 days per month. At Southampton and Tidal currents in the open sea reach 2 to 3 knots in general
Southampton Water, industrial smoke pollution helps keep vis- and are higher in some areas near the straits. The current speed
Pub. 140
reaches 3 knots off the River Thames and 5 knots near Cuxhav- forming is highest from mid-January to early March.
en, in places in the German Bight, and in the Straits of Dover. For information on start and end dates of icing, average num-
Tidal currents frequently exceed 2 knots on the European shelf. ber of days with ice, and hindrances to navigation in severe
At neap tides, the tidal streams are about half the spring tide weather, see Appendix II—Eastern North Sea Ice Dates.
values. The maximum tidal current off the coast of the Nether
lands is 1.6 knots. Semidiurnal tides during winter produce Mined Areas
current speeds between 0.3 and 0.8 knot in the central North
Sea NW of Dogger Bank. With a strong E wind, the current Former NEMEDRI Danger Area No. 9 is an area in which
over Dogger Bank may reach a speed of 1.8 knots. danger due to mines laid between 1939 and 1945 still exist and
comprises all waters bounded by the line joining the following
ENGLISH CHANNEL approximate positions:
In open waters, where the direction of flow is not restricted, a. The coast of Denmark in longitude 9°00'00''E.
tidal currents are rotary and flow through all points of the com- b. 57°20'00''N, 9°00'00''E.
pass during a tidal cycle. Nearshore, tidal currents are usually c. 57°12'00''N, 8°30'00''E.
reversing, flooding toward and ebbing from the coast, or flood- d. 57°00'00''N, 8°14'30''E.
ing and ebbing parallel to the coast in opposite directions. e. 56°58'36''N, 8°12'36''E.
In the Irish Sea, the flood sets S in the N part and at the same f. 56°58'30''N, 8°08'00''E.
time sets N in the S part; these flood currents meet in the cen- g. 56°53'00''N, 7°54'00''E
tral part of the sea, where they become weak and variable. The h. 56°50'00''N, 7°45'30''E.
ebbs set in the opposite directions. Tidal currents attain speeds i. 56°00'00''N, 7°45'00''E.
of 3.5 knots in the fairway and are also strong at times near j. 56°00'00''N, 7°00'00''E.
prominent headlands and banks. k. 54°50'00''N, 7°00'00''E.
In the W approach of the English Channel, the tidal currents l. 54°50'00''N, 7°06'00''E.
are rotary clockwise. The currents in the vicinity of Ile d’Oues- m. 54°40'00''N, 7°06'00''E.
sant are generally stronger than those off Lizard and will attain n. 54°40'00''N, 7°39'00''E.
speeds of almost 3.0 knots about 3 hours before and after lunar o. 54°10'00''N, 7°39'00''E.
transit. Between Start Point and Guernsey, the channel narrows p. 54°10'00''N, 4°58'00''E.
and the current is reversing, with mean speeds 0.5 to 1.0 knot q. 54°00'00''N, 4°46'00''E.
greater near Guernsey than along the English coast. Between r. 53°30'00''N, 4°46'00''E.
Portland and Cape de la Hague, the current speeds are stron- s. 53°30'00''N, 4°30'00''E.
gest in the fairway, about 3.0 knots S of Portland and 4.5 knots t. 53°17'42''N, 5°01'18''E.
north of Cape de la Hague 5 hours before and 1 hour after lunar The risk to surface navigation in this area is now considered,
transit. At headlands the currents may attain 6.0 knots at owing to the lapse of time, to be no more dangerous than the
springs. In the vicinity of the Channel Islands, the tidal currents ordinary hazards of navigation, but a risk still exists with re-
tend to be rotary counterclockwise. gard to anchoring, fishing, or any form of submarine or sea bed
In the English Channel tidal currents are semi-diurnal; in activity.
some localities there are diurnal inequalities in duration and
speed. Because of the differences between the times of high Navigational Information
water at the W and E ends of the channel, tidal currents are not
readily identified as flood and ebb, but are usually described as Deep-Water Routes
east-going from the Atlantic Ocean and west-going from the IMO-recommended Deep-Water Routes in the North Sea
North Sea. They do not set uniformly in the same direction and the English Channel are located, as follows:
throughout the channel at any given time, but may have sepa- 1. Leading to the Port of Antifer. (France)
rate current patterns simultaneously in the W, middle, and E 2. Forming Part of the Northeastbound Traffic Lane of
sectors of the channel. the TSS in the Strait of Dover and Adjacent Waters. (France/
United Kingdom)
Fishing Areas 3. In the Approaches to the River Schedlt. (Belgium)
4. Forming Parts of the Routeing System Off Friesland.
Vessels engaged in trawling, both singly and in pairs, can be (Belgium/Netherlands/United Kingdom)
encountered year round in the North Sea. 5. Leading to Europoort. (Netherlands)
Drift nets for catching schools of herring can be encountered 6. Leading to Ijmuiden. (Netherlands)
in early summer in the N part of the North Sea and in the last
months of the year in the English Channel and the SW part of Electronic Navigational Communications
the North Sea. For information on the International Maritime Satellite Or-
ganization (INMARSAT), the Global Maritime Distress and
Ice Safety System (GMDSS(), the Global Positioning System
(GPS), and SafetyNET, see North Atlantic Ocean—Naviga-
Ice forms in the shallow waters around the coastline in se- tional Information.
vere winters. Floes up to 2m in diameter and over 0.15m thick
have formed in the past; the coastal area NE of Calais International Ship and Port Facility (ISPS) Code
(50°58'N., 1°51'E.) is most likely to be affected. The risk of ice The ISPS Code applies to ships on international voyages and
Pub. 140
port facilities directly interfacing with these ships. All vessels prevent the introduction of unwanted aquatic organisms and
should fully comply with the provisions of Chapter XI-Part 2 pathogens from ships’ ballast water and sediment discharge in-
of the SOLAS Convention and Part A of the ISPS Code. Ves- to marine ecosystems. The guidelines include the retention of
sels shall demonstrate that appropriate maritime security mea- ballast water onboard, ballast exchange at sea, ballast manage-
sures are in place according to ISPS Code regulations. For ment aimed at preventing or minimizing the uptake of contam-
further information, see North Atlantic Ocean—Navigation- inated water or sediment, and the discharge of ballast ashore.
al Information. Particular attention is drawn to the hazards associated with bal-
last exchange at sea. For further information, see North Atlan-
Automatic Identification System (AIS) Aids to Navigation tic Ocean—Pollution—Ballast Water Management.
(ATON)
For information, see North Atlantic Ocean—Navigational MARPOL Special Area
Information. The North Sea Area and the Northwest European Waters Ar-
ea have been designated as a MARPOL Special Area. MAR-
Automatic Identification System (AIS) and Voyage Data POL Special Areas are sea areas where special mandatory
Recorder (VDR) methods for the prevention of oil pollution in the sea have been
For information, see North Atlantic Ocean—Navigational adopted.
Information. Further information can be found in North Atlantic
Channel Navigation and Information Service (CNIS)
The CNIS operates from Dover Strait Coast Guard and Sulphur Emission Control Areas
CROSSMA Griz Nez. The broadcasts include information con- Sulphur Emission Control Areas (SECA) are areas where
cerning traffic, navigation, and visibility. special controls are in effect to reduce sulphur oxide (SOx)
For further details of these regulations, see Pub. 191, Sailing emissions from ships. SECAs are located, as follows:
Directions (Enroute) English Channel. 1. The Baltic Sea.
2. The North Sea, including the English Channel.
Enroute Volumes 3. The North American SECA, as follows:
Pub. 191, Sailing Directions (Enroute) English Channel. a. East area—The Gulf of Mexico and Atlantic Ocean
Pub. 192, Sailing Directions (Enroute) North Sea. coasts of the United States and the Atlantic Ocean coast of
Canada S of latitude 60°00'N.
Offshore Drilling b. West area—The Pacific Ocean coast of the United
States, the Pacific Ocean coast of Canada, the coast of
Drilling and production facilities may be encountered in the Alaska E of longitude 153°15'03''W, and the Hawaiian Is-
North Sea outside of established oil and gas fields, as well as at lands.
great distances from the coast. Drill rigs may also be encoun- 4. The United States Caribbean Emission Control Area,
tered in the English Channel throughout the year. Heavy work consisting of the sea area located off the Atlantic coast and
boat, supply boat, and tanker traffic may be encountered in the the Caribbean coast of Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Is-
vicinity of such facilities. lands.
Buoys, lighters, and other equipment associated with drill Ships transiting a SECA are limited to using marine fuels
rigs may be in the vicinity of the rigs, which should be given a with a maximum sulphur content of 0.1 per cent.
wide berth. Wires may extend up to 1.5 miles from the rigs.
Pilotage Regulations
For information on Deep Sea Pilot for the English Channel, Schengen Agreement
the North Sea, or Skagerrak, see United Kingdom—Pilot- The aim of the Schengen Agreement is to create free move-
age—Deep Sea Pilotage. ment for persons within the European Union (EU) and to inten-
sify the fight against cross-border crime. In practice, the
Pollution Schengen Agreement means that personal checks on journeys
between the member states will cease, while the external fron-
Single-hull Tanker Phase-out Schedule tier controls will be intensified, i.e. towards countries that are
In accordance with Regulation 13G of Annex I of the MAR- not signatories to the Schengen Agreement. For further infor-
POL Convention, single-hull tankers should be phased out or mation, see North Atlantic Ocean—Regulations—Schengen
converted to a double-hull configuration according to a sched- Agreement.
ule based on their year of delivery. These requirements are de-
signed to reduce the risk of oil spills from tankers involved in European Union Expanded Inspection (EI) Notification
low-energy collisions or groundings. For further information, Under European Union (EU) Directive 2009/16/EC, the Eu-
see North Atlantic Ocean—Pollution—Single Hull Tanker ropean Union has introduced a mandatory reporting system for
Phase-out Schedule. vessels arriving at or departing from a port or anchorage in the
EU region.
Ballast Water Management The participating EU countries in the North Sea are, as fol-
International guidelines have been adopted by the IMO to lows:
Pub. 140
Courtesy of the Netherlands Hydrographic Service

Wadden Sea—Particularly Sensitive Sea Areas (PSSA)
1. Belgium. State Control (PMoU) New Inspection Regime (NIR).

2. Denmark.
3. France. European Union (EU) Advanced Manifest Rule
4. Germany. All cargo vessels sailing from a non-EU port to an EU port
5. Netherlands. must submit an Entry Summary Declaration (ENS) to the first
6. Norway. port of call in the EU 24 hours prior to the cargo being loaded.
7. United Kingdom. For further information, see North Atlantic Ocean—Europe-
For further information, see North Atlantic Ocean—Regu- an Union (EU) Advanced Manifest Rule.
cation. Particularly Sensitive Sea Areas (PSSA)
The Wadden Sea and adjacent parts of the North Sea in the
Paris Memorandum of Understanding on Port State Con- common Wadden Sea area of Denmark, Germany, and the
trol (PMoU) New Inspection Regime (NIR) Netherlands were granted (2002) the status of PSSA by the In-
The NIR of the PMoU has introduced a mandatory reporting ternational Maritime Organization.
system for vessels arriving at or departing from a port or an- A PSSA is an area that requires special protection because of
chorage in the Paris MoU region. its vulnerability to damage caused by marine activities. Vessels
For further information, see North Atlantic Ocean—Regu- operating in or near such an area should exercise the utmost
lations—Paris Memorandum of Understanding on Port care to avoid damage to the maritime environment and the ma-
Pub. 140
rine organisms in it. No waste should be discharged overboard. (ITZ).

3. Any vessel “restricted in its ability to maneuver.”
Special IMO Navigation Recommendations in the English 4. Any vessel with defective navigational aids.
Channel There are two areas off the coast of the United Kingdom in
Special IMO recommendations for navigation off certain ar- the English Channel where MAREP regulations apply, as fol-
eas off the United Kingdom and in the English Channel are in lows:
effect, as follows: 1. English Channel and Dover Strait—For further infor-
1. Laden tankers using the Off Land’s End Traffic Sepa- mation, see United Kingdom—Ship Reporting System—
ration Scheme—See paragraph 7.2 in Pub. 142, Sailing Di- MAREP.
rections (Enroute) Ireland and the West Coast of England. 2. Land’s End/Isles of Scilly—For further information,
2. Navigating through the English Channel and Dover see Pub. 191, Sailing Directions (Enroute) English Channel.
Strait—See paragraph 4.1 in Pub. 191, Sailing Directions
(Enroute) English Channel. Dover Strait Reporting System (CALDOVREP)
3. Race of Alderney—See paragraph 4.1 in Pub. 191, CALDOVREP, a mandatory reporting system under SOLAS
Sailing Directions (Enroute) English Channel. regulations, has been established in a 65-mile stretch of the
4. All ships of 300 gross tons and over should be fitted Dover Traffic Separation Scheme (TSS). All vessels over 300
electronic position-fixing equipment suitable for the area in gross tons are required to participate in this system; specified
order to improve navigation in the routing system. vessels under 300 gross tons are also required to participate in
5. Masters of deep-draft vessels should ensure there will the system.Vessels participating in this system are tracked by
be an adequate underkeel clearance at the time of passage. In radar. Vessels which appear to be navigating within a TSS con-
order to get this clearance, the static underkeel allowance trary to the requirements of Rule 10 of the International Colli-
should not be less than 4m, which includes an allowance for sion Regulations (72 COLREGS) will be reported to their flag
squat for a speed not exceeding 12 knots. The static under- state.
keel allowance is the difference between the calculated depth Further information can be found in Pub. 191, Sailing Direc-
of water and the ship’s draft when stopped. tions (Enroute) English Channel.
6. Ships with defects affecting operational safety, in addi-
tion to reporting such defects by participating in MAREP, CORSEN-OUESSANT (OUESSREP)
should take appropriate measures to overcome these defects CORSEN-OUESSANT (OUESSREP), a Vessel Traffic Ser-
prior to entering Dover Strait. vice (VTS) system, has been established in the W approaches
to the English Channel. It is a mandatory reporting system un-
Ship Sanitation Control Certificates der SOLAS regulations and operates within an area with a radi-
Information on Ship Sanitation Control Certificates (SSC) us of 40 miles centered on Ile d’Ouessant. All vessels over 300
and Ship Sanitation Control Exemption Certificates (SSCEC) gross tons are required to participate in this system. Special
can be found in North Atlantic Ocean—Regulations. IMO provisions have also been established for vessels using
the Traffic Separation Scheme (TSS) situated off Ouessant
Routes (Ushant).
The route information in this section considers routes to and tions (Enroute) English Channel.
from selected ports in and around the United Kingdom and Ire-
land. Jobourg Vessel Traffic Service (MANCHEREP)
In general, these routes are as direct as safe navigation per- MANCHEREP is a mandatory reporting system operating
mits. However, in some instances, a divergence is made to under SOLAS regulations which has been established in an ar-
avoid dangers to navigation, to take advantage of favorable cur- ea covering the Traffic Separation Scheme off Les Casquets.
rents, or to minimize the effects of adverse currents. It should All vessels over 300 gross tons are required to participate in
not be inferred that recommendations in this chapter necessari- this system; specified vessels under 300 gross tons are also re-
ly represent adopted or established sea lanes. Routes between quired to participate in the system.
ports consist of a series of rhumb lines unless stated otherwise. Further information can be found in Pub. 191, Sailing Direc-
When a route may be followed in either direction the reverse tions (Enroute) English Channel.
route is not described.
Detailed information can be found in the Appendix. Western Europe Tanker Reporting System (WETREP)
The Western Europe Tanker Reporting System (WETREP),
Ship Reporting System a mandatory reporting system, is in effect. The following ves-
sels are required to participate in WETREP. For further infor-
United Kingdom Ship Movement Report System (MAREP) mation, see North Atlantic Ocean—Ship Reporting System.
The United Kingdom Ship Movement Report System
(MAREP) is a voluntary reporting system which applies to the Signals
following vessels:
1. All merchant vessels over 300 gt. Vessels of 300 gt For information on international port traffic signals and visu-
and under are strongly encouraged to participate. al storm warning signals, see North Atlantic Ocean—Appen-
2. Any vessels “not under command” or at anchor in a dix IV—International Port Traffic Signals and Visual
Traffic Separation Scheme (TSS) or an Inshore Traffic Zone Storm Warning Signals.
Pub. 140
Tides trance, and the River Seine below Rouen, either double high
waters (high waters consisting of two maximums of nearly the
NORTH SEA same height separated by a relatively small depression) occur,
Tides are predominantly semidiurnal. Principal tide waves or a high water stand (the interval when there is no appreciable
enter the North Sea through the N passage. A small part of the change in the height of the tide) of about 2 hours occurs, espe-
wave train enters the Kattegat and passes into the Baltic Sea. cially near spring tides.
Most of the wave train moves S until it is reflected by the S Southwest of Dover Strait, the tidal ranges along the coast of
coast, where it meets a minor tidal component entering the France are greater than the tidal ranges along the coast of En-
North Sea through the Straits of Dover. There is an amphi- gland.
dromic region in the North Sea near the Straits of Dover, the
English Channel, and SW of Norway, where North Sea wave English Channel Tidal Range Comparison
trains met Skagerrak outflow.
The average spring tide ranges are 3.0 to 4.5m along the Port Neaps Springs
coast of Scotland, 4.0 to 7.0m along the German Bight, and 0 France
to 1.5m in the open sea, in the Skagerrak and along the Norwe-
Dieppe 4.9m 8.5m
gian coast.
Calais 3.9m 6.5m
ENGLISH CHANNEL
England
Tides in the English Channel are semi-diurnal; that is, two
high waters and two low waters per day with little or no in- Shoreham 2.9m 5.7m
equality between successive high and low waters. Dover 3.2m 6.0m
Along the shores of Southampton, Yarmouth, the Poole en-
Pub. 140
Appendix I—Routes in and around the United Kingdom and Ireland

Routes in and around the United Kingdom and Ireland are, 2. General directions for approaching the W coast of
as follows: Scotland.
1. Routes around the United Kingdom and Ireland. 3. Coast of England to Atlantic Ocean junction points.
1. Routes around the United Kingdom and Ireland.

Glasgow to Dublin.—Proceed S through the Firth of Clyde and N Channel to a position E of South Rock and then as
direct as safe navigation permits to destination.
Glasgow to Liverpool.—Proceed S through the Firth of Clyde and then round the Rinns of Galloway, maintaining a safe
distance off. Then proceed S, keeping clear of the shoals NE of the Isle of Man, and then pass between Ballacash Bank and
Bahama Bank as directly as possible to Liverpool.
Belfast to Cobb and Cork.—Proceed from Belfast Lough to a position E of South Rock Light Ship and from there to a
position E of Codling Lighthouse Buoy. Round Tuskar Rock Light and proceed S of Coningbeg Light Ship to a position NE
of Daunt Light Ship and then into Cork Harbor.
Belfast to Liverpool.—From Belfast Lough round Mew Island Light and from there steer for a position N of Ayr Point,
the N extremity of the Isle of Man. From there steer between Bahama Bank and Ballacash Bank and, when clear of these
banks, proceed to the entrance of Queens Channel to Liverpool.
Belfast to Cardiff and Avonmouth, Wales.—Proceed from Belfast Lough to a position E of South Rock Light Ship and
then to a position W of South Bishop Light. Round Skokholm Light and St. Gowen Light Ship, proceed to Cardiff Roads or
Avonmouth via Bristol Channel.
Glasgow to lIe d'Ouessant.—Proceed S from Glasgow as directly as safe navigation permits through the Firth of Clyde,
North Channel, the Irish Sea, and St. George's Channel to a position W of The Smalls. From there steer for a position W of
Longships Light, being careful to give Cape Cornwall Bank a wide berth, especially in heavy weather. Then proceed by the
most direct and safest route to the approaches to Ile d'Ouessant.
Aberdeen to Invemess.—When clear of Aberdeen proceed NNE, then N, and then NW along the coast to a position
about 5 miles N of Kinnairds Head, passing about the same distance off Peterhead and Rattray Head enroute. Then steer a
W course through Moray Firth, keeping about 5 miles off the S shore to a position abreast Stotfield Head. From there
proceed through South Channel and Inverness Firth to the port by the safest and most direct route.
Aberdeen to Torshavn, Foroyar (Faeroe Islands}.—Proceed as directed above for Inverness as for the position about 5
miles E of Rattray Head, and then shape a NW course across the entrance to Moray Firth to a position abreast Duncansby
Head at the E entrance to Pentland Firth. Then proceed through Scappa Flow and Hoy Sound, in accordance with local
directions, and then steer a NW course for Torshavn.
Aberdeen to Lerwick, Shetland Islands.—After clearing Aberdeen proceed NNE to a position about 5 miles E of
Peterhead and then shape a N course to a position E of Mousa Island in the Shetland Islands. From Mousa Island continue
N as directly as safe navigation permits to Lerwick.
Pentland Firth to Aberdeen.—As directly as safe navigation permits proceed to a position abreast Duncansby Head,
and then follow a SE course across the entrance to Moray Firth to a position about 5 miles E of Rattray Head. From Rattray
Head follow the general trend of the coast, maintaining a distance of about 5 miles offshore to the approaches to Aberdeen.
Pentland Firth to Glasgow.—Proceed around Cape Wrath and through The Minch and Sea of the Hebrides, passing W
of Skerryvore Light and Mackenzie's Rock to a position about 4 miles SW of Orsay Light. From there proceed to a position
S of the Mull of Kintyre, and then pass S of the Peninsula of Kintyre, well clear of all dangers to a position off the SE
extremity of Arran Island. Then proceed as directly as safe navigation will allow via the Firth of Clyde and the River Clyde
to Glasgow.
Pentland Firth to Londonderry.—Follow the Pentland Firth to Glasgow route as far as the position close W of
Skerryvore Light and Mackenzie's Rock and then proceed as directly as possible within the limits of safe navigation to a
position off Inishowen Head.
Pentland Firth to Belfast.—Follow the Pentland Firth to Glasgow route as far as the position close W of Skerryvore
Light and Mackenzie's Rock and then pass SW of Oversay Island Light, E of Altacarry Head, E of the Maidens, and round
Black Head Light into Belfast Lough.
Pentland Firth to Dublin.—Follow the Pentland Firth to Belfast route as the position E of The Maidens, and then pass
E of Mew Island Light and South Rock Light Ship to a position off Bailey Light.
Pub. 140
Pentland Firth to Cobh and Cork.—Follow the Pentland Firth to Dublin route as far as the position E of South Rock
Light Ship, and then pass E of Codling Lighthouse Buoy, E of Tuskar Rock Light, and SE of Coningbeg Light Ship to
destination.
Pentland Firth to Limerick.—Follow the Pentland Firth to Glasgow route as far as the position close W of Skerryvore
Light and Mackenzie's Rock and then to a position W of Tory Island. From there pass W of Eagle Island Light, Black Rock
Light, and Slyne Head to a position off Loop Head and on to Limerick.
Inistrahull to Glasgow.—Proceed via Inishtrahull Sound to a position N of the NE extremity of Rathlin Island, passing
N of Shamrock Pinnacle enroute. From there proceed to a position S of the Mull of Kintyre and then round the Peninsula of
Kintyre, staying well clear of all dangers to a position off the SE extremity of Arran Island. Then proceed up the Firth of
Clyde and the River Clyde to Glasgow.
Fastnet to Limerick.—Proceed so as to pass W of The Bull Light, The SkeIligs, Tearaght Island, and Kerry Head and
then via the River Shannon to Limerick.
Fastnet to Liverpool.—Proceed to a position off Coningbeg Light Ship and then to positions E of Tuskar Rock Light and
NW of Skerries Light. From there proceed as directly as safe navigation will permit to the pilot station at Lynus Point and
on to Queens Channel entrance.
Fastnet to Belfast.—Proceed as directly as safe navigation will permit to a position off Coningbeg Light Ship. Then pass
E of Tuskar Rock Lightship, Codling Lighthouse Buoy, South Rock Lightship, and NE of Mew Island Light and into
Belfast Lough.
Fastnet to Glasgow.—Follow the route to Belfast, above, as far as the position E of South Rock Light Ship, and then pass
W of Laggan Head to a position E of Ailsa Craig. From there steer for a position E of Holy Island Light and then between
Garroch Head and the Cumbrae Islands to the Firth of Clyde.
Fastnet to Londonderry.—Follow the route to Belfast, above, as far as the position off Mew Island Light and then pass
NE of The Maidens, through Rathlin Sound and Lough Foyle to Londonderry.
2. General Directions for Approaching the W Coast of Scotland.

Vessels, coming from the Wand bound for the Clyde or ports in the Irish Sea, generally make landfall at Tory island, off
the NW coast of Ireland, as it is steep-to and has a good light and fog signal.The channel N of Ireland should present no
difficulties in clear weather for vessels certain of their position. The channel is well lighted, and the dangers, most of which
lie near the coast, are marked. This channel offers a shorter route to the United States and Canada, during the summer
months, than the route around the S of Ireland.
It should be noted that the NW coast of Ireland from Donegal Bay to Lough Swilly, a distance of about 60 miles, is very
irregular and has off-lying reefs and islands, making it dangerous to approach in thick weather. Depths of 92m exist in only
6 miles NW of Tory Island, and no vessel should approach in shallower water until such time as it is certain of its position.
In clear weather the pyramidal peak of Errigal and the barn-shaped mass of Muckish will enable a vessel to fix her
position at a considerable distance from the coast. When a vessel comes nearer the coast Bloody Foreland, Horn Head, and
Tory Island will be identified without difficulty, and the course can then be accurately plotted. In thick weather the clouds
hang heavily over the mountain tops and obscure a great part of the coast, so that it is difficult to distinguish landmarks.
Malin Head, however, is usually fairly clear, and can often be made as it is steep-to.
Inishtrahull is frequently obscured and often difficult to identify as the white lighthouse affords little contrast to the
prevailing grey of the atmosphere in thick weather.
It must always be borne in mind that W gales are usually accompanied by thick rainy weather, that the flood current into
Boylagh Bay is considerably increased by these gales, and that there are no harbors on this coast which can be prudently
entered under these circumstances. The utmost caution is, therefore, necessary.
3. Coast of England to Atlantic Ocean Junction Points.

Edinburgh (Leith Roads) (56°00'N., 3°12'W.) to Pentland Firth (58°42'N.,3°20'W.).—Proceed from Leith Roads in
accordance with local directions, passing outside the Isle of May and Bell Rock to a position about 3 miles off Buchan
Ness; then pass Rattray Head and Kinnaird's Head about 5 miles off, proceed across Moray Firth to a position about 2 miles
off Duncansby Head at the E entrance to Pentland Firth, then continuing through the Outer Sound to position 58°42'N,
3°20'W.
Total distance.—204 miles.
Pub. 140
Newcastle (54°58'N., 1°35'W.) to Pentland Firth.—Proceed out of the River Tyne in accordance with local directions,
then to a position about 5 miles E of Longstone Island, then to a position about 3 miles off Buchan Ness, then proceed as
directed above in the Edinburgh to Pentland Firth route.
Hull (53°44'30''N., 0°18'00''W.) to Pentland Firth.—Proceed out of the River Humber in accordance with local
directions. From a position E of the Humber Lightship, proceed to a position 5 miles off Flamborough Head, then to a point
5 miles E of Longstone Island (Farne Island), and then as directed above in the Newcastle to Pentland Firth route.
London (Greenwich) to Pentland Firth.—Proceed out of the River Thames in accordance with local directions through
Barrow Deep, East Swain, and The Shipway to a position about 2 miles E of Orfordness; then to a position E of Cross Sand
Lightship; then through Haisborough Gat, The Would, and Outer Dowsing Channel to a position about 2 miles E of
Dowsing Lightship: then to a position 5 miles E of Flamborough Head; and then proceed as directed above in the Hull to
Pentland Firth route.
Pub. 140
Appendix II—Eastern North Sea Ice Dates
Coasts of the Eastern North Sea—Table of Ice Dates

Hindrance to
Number of winters Start of icing End of icing Approximate number of days with ice navigation in
severe weather**
Area Normal winter ice Severe winter ice Average num-
Observed Free of ice Earliest Average Average Latest coverage coverage ber of days of
1/ -6/ 1/ -6/ 1/ - 6/ 1/ 6 Note 1 Note 2
10 10 10 10 10 10 10- /10
GERMANY
The Ems
Borkum, Westerems 33 13 12/12 1/10- 2/20- 3/13 3 0 25 7 2 0
20* 28*
North Sea and the English Channel

Borkum, Randzelgat 33 13 12/7 1/10- 2/20- 3/16 3 1 26 12 4 0
20* 28*
Randzalgat to Emden 33 7 11.23 1/10 +/- 1/27 +/- 3/16 6 1 29 15 3 0
27 days 32 days
Emden, Aushenhafen 33 8 12/13 1/15 +/- 1/26 +/- 3/16 5 2 28 15 2 0
23 days 33 days
East Frisian Islands
Norderney, Seegat 33 9 11/16 1/1-10* 2/10- 3/13 3 1 25 10 7 0
20*
Norderney, Watten 33 4 11/16 1/9 +/- 2/12 +/- 3/15 4 2 17 22 11 0
21 days 27 days
Harie 33 9 11/16 1/1-10* 2/10- 3/24 2 3 12 24 2 15
20*
Wangerooge, Watten 33 9 11/16 1/1-10* 2/10- 3/24 2 2 14 23 1 14
20*
German Bight
Borkumriff Lighted 33 26 1/10 — — 3/5 0 0 1 0 0 0
Buoy
Helgoland harbors and 33 27 1/10 — — 3/14 0 0 4 2 0 1
entrances
* Information is only representative for icy and very icy winters (frequency 30%). In normal winters, the area is completely or almost completely ice free.
** In normal winters in the offshore shallows and smaller channels of Die Elbe, low-powered vessels are hindered on average for 1 to 3 days.
Pub. 140
Note 1—Percentage only by more powerful vessels.

Note 2—Interruption of navigation.
527
528
Pub. 140

Hindrance to
severe weather**
1
/10-6/10 1
/10-6/10 1
/10-6/10 /10-6/10
1 Note 1 Note 2
The Jade
Wangerooger 33 15 12/24 1/10- 2/20- 3/8 2 0 12 5 1 0
Fahrwasser 20* 28*
Near Schillig 33 20 12/21 1/10- 2/20- 3/12 0 0 11 17 5 1
20* 28*
Wilhelmshaven— 33 9 12/12 1/1-10* 2/10- 3/17 3 2 17 23 9 0

Deep-water terminals 20*
Wilhelmshaven— 33 12 12/16 1/10- 2/10- 3/17 1 2 11 23 11 0
Neuer Vorhafen 20* 20*
The Weser
Alte Weser 33 19 12/14 1/10- 2/10- 3/22 1 0 18 3 0 0
20* 20*
Hohe Weg Light 33 11 12/13 1/10- 2/20- 3/12 4 0 21 11 1 0
20* 28*
Bremerhaven area 33 13 12/17 1/1-10* 2/1-10* 3/9 2 1 16 10 0 0
Brake area 33 13 12/21 1/1-10* 2/1-10* 3/7 3 0 14 9 0 0
Bremen 33 13 12/23 1/1-10* 1/20- 3/6 2 0 13 7 0 0
30*
The Elbe
Elbe Lightfloat 33 23 1/3 — — 3/7 0 0 8 2 1 0
Neuwerk area 33 15 12/19 1/10- 2/20- 3/15 4 1 23 10 4 0
20* 28*
Neuwerk to Cuxhaven 33 10 12/19 1/10- 2/20- 3/15 3 1 21 15 5 0
20* 28*
Hindrance to
severe weather**
1
/10-6/10 1
/10-6/10 1
/10-6/10 /10-6/10
1 Note 1 Note 2
Cuxhaven 33 9 12/17 1/10- 2/20- 3/20 4 2 15 28 11 0
20* 28*
Brunsbuttel area 33 9 12/16 1/10- 2/20- 3/20 6 2 25 24 6 0
20* 28*
Staderstand area 33 4 12/13 1/10 +/- 2/15 +/- 3/19 5 3 16 31 10 0
19 days 27 days

Hamburg 33 3 11/23 1/7 +/- 2/14 +/- 3/11 10 3 29 15 0 0
15 days 23 days
Hamburg area 33 2 11/23 12/30 +/- 2/17 +/- 3/14 9 3 16 25 4 0
16 days 22 days
West coast of Schleswig-Holstein
Suderpier 33 8 12/14 1/16 +/- 2/9 +/- 3/13 4 3 17 31 16 1
23 days 31 days
Busum 33 2 11/23 1/2 +/- 13 2/18 +/- 3/21 7 6 16 41 12 1
days 18 days
Eiderdamm 33 1 11/23 12/6 days 2/16 +/- 3/25 15 7 33 38 17 16
22 days
Husum 33 2 11/16 12/30 +/- 2/23 +/- 3/16 8 6 13 41 14 12
13 days 22 days
Schmaltief 33 21 12/19 1/10- 2/20- 3/16 1 0 10 25 11 0
20* 28*
Norderaue, near Wyk 33 13 12/21 1/10- 2/20- 3/10 2 1 18 19 18 0
20* 28*
Dagebuller Fahrwasser 33 8 12/2 1/15 +/- 2/11 +/- 3/15 4 1 24 23 10 0
25 days 47 days
Pub. 140
529
530
Pub. 140

Hindrance to
severe weather**
1
/10-6/10 1
/10-6/10 1
/10-6/10 /10-6/10
1 Note 1 Note 2
Vortrapptief 33 21 12/19 1/10- 2/20- 3/16 1 1 13 21 10 0
20* 28*
DENMARK
Esbjerg 33 14 12/17 1/1-10* 2/20- 3/23 5 0 35 9 0 0
28*
Thyboron Kanal 33 19 12/21 1/10-20 2/10- 3/16 0 0 14 3 0 0

20*
Limfjord
Lamvig 33 5 11/28 4/8 6 5 10 51 34 4
Holsterro-Struer 33 3 11/8 4/5 12 11 18 61 35 2
Nykobing, Sailing 33 11 12/16 1/1-10* 3/10- 4/14 6 3 17 44 35 3
Sund 20*
Skive 33 1 11/15 4/8 17 10 17 59 24 17
Logstor Grunde 33 4 11/77 4/22 13 7 27 46 33 7
531
NORWAY
General 531 Ship Reporting System 541

Buoyage System 532 Signals 543
Cautions 533 Submarine Operating Areas 543
Currency 533 Time Zone 543
Firing Areas 533 Traffic Separation Schemes 543
Fishing Areas 533 U.S. Embassy 543
Government 534 Vessel Traffic Service 544
Holidays 534 Appendix I—Laws and Regulations Appertaining to
Ice 534 Navigation 547
Industries 534 Appendix II—Regulations on Prescribed Channels for
Languages 535 Foreign Non-military Vessels in Norwegian Territorial
Meteorology 535 Waters 551
Navigational Information 535 Appendix III—Economic Exploitation Zone 553
Pilotage 535 General
Pollution 536
Regulations 539 Norway, located in Northern Europe, occupies the W and N
Search and Rescue 540 part of the Scandinavian Peninsula. The Arctic Ocean lies to its
Pub. 140
532 Norway
N, the Norwegian Sea to its W and the North Sea to its SW. 3. E-mail: [email protected]
Most of its E border joins Sweden, except in the far N, where Fixed and floating aids in Norway may be fitted with Syn-
Finland and Russia form the border. thetic AIS (AIS transmitted from a shore station but appearing
The climate along the S coast of Norway, because of the in- on existing aids to navigation). Virtual AIS (AIS signal with no
fluence of the North Atlantic Current, has very mild weather physical aid to navigation existing) is also being used in Nor-
for such high latitudes and the harbors are ice free. way.
The terrain is glaciated in character, being of mostly high Lights activated by telephone using Short Message Service
plateaus and rugged mountains over fertile valleys. The coast- (SMS) are also being introduced along the Norwegian coast.
line is deeply indented by fjords. Bridge markings.—Many bridges may be lighted in accor-
dance with the IALA markings for fixed bridges over naviga-
Buoyage System tional waters. The prescribed navigational markings are, as
follows:
The IALA Buoyage System (Region A) is in effect. See 1. Red and green lights mark the lateral limits of the
Chart No. 1 for further IALA Buoyage System information. bridge.
Mariners are cautioned that few buoys will carry the topmark 2. White lights indicate the center of the bridge span.
as prescribed for IALA buoyage. Fixed marks placed on the 3. Floodlights illuminate the bridge pillars in or adjacent
coast close to the fairway consist of beacons, perches, iron pil- to the channel.
lars, and wood or stone structures. 4. A racon indicates the best transit under the bridge.
They are usually fitted with arms indicating the fairway, or Retroreflectors.—Retroreflectors are normally fitted on
when a vessel may pass on either side, with two arms, one on most of the important buoys. They consist of a reflective band
each side. with a width of about 20cm in the same color as the back-
Iron perches and posts may, for the sake of increased visibil- ground to which they is affixed, except that blue replaces
ity, be furnished with topmarks. Marks exposed to the sea carry black. The following system is used:
neither arms nor topmarks. 1. Green lateral marks—A green band or a green shape
Due to the large number of fixed marks, mariners are warned (i.e. conical).
that at any one time some of them will be damaged. In particu- 2. Red lateral marks—A red band or a red shape (i.e. cy-
lar, iron beacons may become twisted and their arms point in lindrical).
the wrong direction. Defects, or any need for inspection which 3. Yellow special marks—A yellow band, a yellow cross,
may be observed when passing, should be reported. or a yellow symbol shape.
Oceanographic instruments may be moored off the coast of 4. Channel center marks—A combination of red and
Norway and are usually marked, although they may not be white horizontal bands or vertical stripes with at least one
charted. Mariners are requested to give floating aids as wide a band or stripe of each color.
berth as possible. 5. Isolated shoal and danger marks—Blue and red hori-
In channels where ice is expected, topmarks are removed in zontal bands with at least one band of each color.
autumn and replaced in the spring. 6. North cardinal marks—A horizontal blue band on the
Floating marks are removed for the winter in channels where black part of the mark and a horizontal yellow band on the
seasonal freeze always takes place. Mariners are advised to yellow part of the mark.
give a wide berth to these floating aids (buoys and spars) due to 7. East cardinal marks—Two horizontal blue bands on
continued damage caused by vessels and ice conditions, and the upper black part of the mark.
any irregularity discovered relating to the lights and buoyage 8. South cardinal marks—A horizontal yellow band on
system should be reported to the National Coordinator of Nav- the yellow part of the mark and a horizontal blue band on the
igational Aids, as follows: black part of the mark.
1. Telephone: 22-42-422331 (24 hours) 9. West cardinal marks—Two horizontal yellow bands on
2. Facsimile: 22-41-410491 (24 hours) the upper part of the mark.
Examples of Norwegian Fixed Marks
Pub. 140
Norway 533
Indirect Lighting.—Used to mark fast boat channels. They c. 59°17.0''N, 10°43.0''E.

are fixed lights usually shining downwards on one point. The d. 59°17.0''N, 10°34.0''E.
point will normally be formed as a triangular construction and S2.—An area bounded by lines joining the following posi-
installed on an iron pole. The iron pole will be provided with a tions:
normal signal light on top, with the triangular construction a. 58°00.0''N, 7°51.0''E.
placed below it. The triangular constructions are painted white b. 57°51.0''N, 7°30.0''E.
and numbered, as follows: c. 57°37.0''N, 7°38.0''E.
1. Even numbers—Red markings. d. 57°47.0''N, 8°00.0''E.
2. Odd numbers—Green markings. S12.—An area bounded by lines joining the following posi-
In individual cases, floodlights may be installed to shine on a tions:
ness, rock, or skerry. a. 58°05.7'N, 8°02.4'E.
b. 58°05.7'N, 8°36.0'E.
Cautions c. 57°52.0'N, 8°36.0'E.
d. 57°52.0'N, 8°02.0'E.
General S13.—An area bounded by lines joining the following posi-
In conjunction with the establishment of GMDSS (Global tions:
Maritime Distress and Safety System), numerous medium fre- a. 57°58.4'N, 7°41.3'E.
quency radiobeacons situated around the coast of Norway have b. 58°04.6'N, 7°57.5'E.
been discontinued c. 58°04.6'N, 8°13.5'E.
Scientific research cruises are conducted within Norwegian d. 57°55.0'N, 8°13.5'E.
jurisdiction of the Greenland Sea and the Norwegian Sea. Re- e. 57°55.0'N, 7°41.3'E.
cording equipment, consisting of an anchor and a submerged
float at a depth of about 50m, may be deployed. These devices Air Force Bombing and Artillery Ranges
are not marked on the surface and vessels are advised to con- D160.—An area with a radius of 11m, centered on position
sult Norwegian Notices to Mariners for details on the mooring 58°58'48.0''N, 10°01'33.0''E, between the bearings of 100° and
positions. 230° from that position.
END153.—An area bounded by lines joining the following
Dangerous Waves positions:
Along the S coast of Norway, there are several sections with- a. 58°29.9'N, 9°31.9'E.
in which unusually rough seas often prevail. Extreme sea con- b. 58°18.9'N, 9°52.9'E.
ditions and breaking surf have been observed, often in c. 57°49.9'N, 9°57.9'E.
connection with the currents, in the vicinity of these areas. In- d. 58°01.9'N, 9°39.9'E.
formation on these sections, known as Dangerous Wave Areas, END261.—An area bounded by lines joining the following
can be found in paragraph 1.2 of Pub. 193, Sailing Directions positions:
(Enroute) Skaggerak and Kattegat. a. 58°00.0'N, 6°03.0'E.
Warnings for the areas can be obtained from local harbor of- b. 58°04.2'N, 6°38.4'E.
fices, vessel traffic centers, and other locations. Information is c. 57°55.0'N, 7°15.0'E.
also available in Norwegian and English, from the Barents d. 57°48.0'N, 7°15.0'E.
Watch web site (http://www.barentswatch.no/bolgevarsel). e. 57°28.5'N, 6°39.5'E.
This information is updated at least four times daily. END262.—An area bounded by lines joining the following
positions:
Magnetic Anomalies a. 58°00.0'N, 6°03.0'E.
Magnetic anomalies are located off the S coast of Norway, as b. 57°28.5'N, 6°39.5'E.
follows: c. 57°15.0'N, 6°15.0'E.
1. In Nodregabet (58°27.2'N., 5°51.5'E.). d. 57°24.0'N, 6°00.0'E.
2. About 1 mile WNW of Gass 58°13'21.0''N.,
8°28'13.2''E.), where deflections of the compass can de- Fishing Areas
crease by up to 3°.
Drift net fishing for mackerel takes place from May to Sep-
Currency tember. The fish are concentrated in the area from NW of Eger-
sund (58°27'N., 6°00'E.) to Oslo Fjord. The fishing usually
The official unit of currency is the Norwegian krone, consist- takes place from 7 to 30 miles offshore. The nets usually run
ing of 100 ore. parallel to the coast and stretch from 1 to 3 miles; they are set
in the evening and are usually taken in between 0200 and 0400.
Firing Areas Salmon fishing area extends from the baseline out to 4 to 5
miles offshore; the nets are usually placed at right angles to the
Naval Artillery Ranges coast stretching from 0.5 to 1 mile long. The nets are marked
E11.—An area bounded by lines joining the following posi- by lighted buoys with a flag and radar reflector at each end.
tions: Mariners can normally make radio contact with fishing fleets.
a. 59°04.0''N, 10°34.0''E. Purse seining takes place, as follows:
b. 59°04.0''N, 10°43.0''E. 1. Bristling—from the beginning of June until fall along
Pub. 140
534 Norway
the coast and in the fjords. Land nets may also be used. May 17 Norwegian Constitution
2. Sprat—throughout the summer until fall in the fjords. Day
Oslofjord is a prime area. Land nets may also be used.
3. Coal fish and tunny—from May until fall along the Ascension Day Variable
coast. Nets make extend almost 150m from the fishing ves- Whitsunday Variable
sel.
Trawling is prohibited within 12 miles of Norwegian coastal Whitmonday Variable
baselines, except when trawling for shrimp or crayfish. When December 24 Christmas Eve (half
working in pairs at night, each trawler uses a searchlight day)
trained in the direction of the other vessel.
Marine Farms December 26 Second Christmas Day
Marine farms are common along the coasts of Norway. They
December 31 New Year’s Eve (half
change positions frequently and are usually not charted. Ma-
day)
rine farms may be marked by lighted or unlighted buoys and/or
beacons. Mariners are advised to exercise caution in the vicini-
ty of these structures as their moorings can extend more than 1 Ice
mile from the structure itself. Fishing with 100m or navigating
within 20m of marine farms is prohibited. General
Along the S and SE coasts of Norway, sea ice occurs earlier
Government and with greater severity at the E end of this area, although in
normal winters navigation is seldom hindered by ice. Most out-
er harbors are generally open and provide shelter even when
ice is present in the inner harbors.
For information on obtaining general ice information for the
Baltic Sea, see Baltic Sea—Ice.
Norwegian Ice Service

The Norwegian Ice Service is administered by the Norwe-
gian State Mapping Authority, whose main task is to inform
vessels about the prevailing ice situation. This service covers
the fairways, harbors, and coastal routes along the coast from
the Swedish border to Kristiansand, including Oslofjord.
Ice reports are available on the Internet between December 1
Flag of Norway and March 31, as follows:
Norway is a constitutional monarchy. The country is divided
into 19 counties and three dependent areas. Norwegian Ice Service Ice Reports
Norway is governed by a King, in conjunction with a Prime http://www.kystverket.no
Minister and the cabinet, who are appointed by the King with
the approval of the Storting. The unicameral Storting consists The Norwegian Ice Service can also be contacted, as fol-
of 169 members, directly elected according to a system of pro- lows:
portional representation, for 4-year terms. 1. Telephone: 47-37-019700 (switchboard (0800-1545))
The legal system is based on a mixture of customary law, 47-48-154142 (mobile)
civil law, and common law traditions. 47-95-930261 (mobile)
The capital is Oslo. 2. Facsimile: 47-37-027619
Holidays 4. Web site: http://www.kystverket.no
The Norwegian Ice Service does not provide icebreaker as-
The following holidays are observed: sistance to and from Norwegian ports. Certain harbors provide
their own ice-breaking service; the harbor authorities should be
January 1 New Year’s Day contacted for details of relevant information.
For information on the onset and clearance of ice in ports
Palm Sunday Variable along the S coast of Norway, see Baltic Sea—Ice.
Industries
Easter Sunday Variable The main industries are petroleum and gas production, ship-
ping, fishing, shipping, fishing, aquaculture, food processing,
shipbuilding, pulp and paper products, metals, chemicals, tim-
May 1 Norwegian Labor Day ber, mining, and textiles.
Pub. 140
Norway 535
The main exports are petroleum and petroleum products, bard within the Svalbard Treaty zone. An agreement was
machinery and equipment, metals, chemicals, ships, and fish. reached in September 2010 concerning the alignment of the
The main export-trading partners are the United Kingdom, EEZ boundaries in this area; the agreement is pending ratifica-
Germany, the Netherlands, France, Sweden, and Belgium. tion by the national assemblies of both nations.
The main imports are machinery and equipment, chemicals, It has been reported (2008) that Canada, Denmark, Green-
metals, and foodstuffs. The main import-trading partners are land, Norway, Russia, and the United States have agreed to let
Sweden, Germany, China, the United Kingdom, the United the United Nations rule on their overlapping territorial claims
States, and Denmark. in the coastal waters of the Arctic Ocean. Coastal states may
claim the sea bed beyond the normal 200-mile limit if the sea
Languages bed is part of a continental shelf of shallower waters. For fur-
ther information, see Pub. 180, Sailing Directions (Planning
Norwegian is the official language. There are small areas of Guide) Arctic Ocean (Arctic Ocean—Navigational Informa-
Lapp and Finnish-speaking minorities. tion—Maritime Boundary Disputes).
It has been reported (2009) that the United Nations has con-
Meteorology curred with Norway’s Arctic claim, which will eventually lead
to an expansion of Norwegian territory in the Arctic region.
Marine weather forecasts for the North Atlantic Ocean, in Internet Maritime Safety Information
English and Norwegian, are available from the Norwegian Me- Notice to Mariners and Navigation Warnings, in English and
teorological Institute (http:www.yr/no/hav_og_kyst). Norwegian, are available from the Norwegian Hydrographic
Wave height and direction forecasts for particularly vulnera- Service (http://www.ksrtverket.no/en/EFS/#).
ble areas, produced from information from the Norwegian Me-
teorological Institute and the U.S. National Weather Service, in Offshore Drilling
English and Norwegian, is updated four times per day, and is
available from BarentsWatch (http://www.barentswatch.no/ Daily updated information about the movement and posi-
bolgevarsel). tions of mobile rigs in the North Sea, the Norwegian Sea, and
the Barents Sea can be found at the following web site (http://
Navigational Information www.kartverket.no/efs/plattformer.pdf).
Seismic surveys are conducted throughout the area of the
Enroute Volumes Norwegian Continental Shelf.
Pub. 182, Sailing Directions (Enroute) North and West
Coasts of Norway.
Pub. 192, Sailing Directions (Enroute) North Sea. Pilotage
Maritime Claims Pilotage regulations apply, with certain exceptions, to all

The maritime territorial claims of Norway are, as follows: coastal waters within the baseline The baseline consists of a
straight line drawn from one outermost point to the next along
the entire Norwegian coast.
State Pilotage is controlled by the Ministry of Fisheries. Al-
Contiguous Zone ** 24 miles. though pilotage is a function of State Pilots (Statslos), certain
vessels are allowed to use company employed “line” pilots
Zone (rutelos).
Pilot vessels have the word LOS on the bow; the letters are
Continental Shelf 200 miles or the Continen- black and are on a white background.
tal Margin. Pilotage procedures are, as follows:
* Claims straight baselines. 1. Pilotage is compulsory for the following vessels when
en route in sea routes inside the baseline:
** Does not apply to Jan Mayen and Svalbard. a. Vessels with an loa of 70m or greater or a width of
20m or greater.
Maritime Boundary Disputes b. Vessels pushing or towing one or more objects
Dispute with Russia over maritime limits in the Barents Sea where the object or objects have a total length of 50m or
and Russia’s fishing rights beyond the territorial limits of Sval- greater.
Norway—Pilot Booking Centers

VHF
Center Area Telephone Facsimile E-mail
channel
West coast of
Norway N of
Lodingen 47-76-986810 47-76-986820 [email protected] 13
65°08'N to the
Russian border
Pub. 140
536 Norway
Norway—Pilot Booking Centers

VHF
Center Area Telephone Facsimile E-mail
channel
West coast of
Norway S of 47-51-735397
Kvitsoy 47-51-735391 [email protected] 13
65°08'N to W 47-51-735398
of Egersund
South coast of 47-33-034954 (Skagerrak
Norway from Maritime Traffic Area)
Horten W of Egersund 47-33-034999 [email protected] 13 and 16
to the Swedish 47-33-034970 (Oslofjorden
border Maritime Traffic Area)
c. Double-hulled vessels with an loa of 50m or greater emption certificates (PECs).

carrying dangerous or polluting cargo in bulk as set out in p. Agent or operator (the Norwegian contact).
MARPOL Annex I or cargo falling into pollution catego- q. Shipping company (name and address).
ries X, Y, or Z that is regulated by MARPOL Annex II (see 3. Each pilot station should be notified on VHF 2 hours
Chapters 17 and 18 of the IBC Code). before ETA or ETD on VHF channel 16.
d. Single-hulled vessels with an loa of 35m or greater 4. Duty pilots are located at all pilot offices and under-
carrying dangerous or polluting cargo in bulk as set out in take outward pilotage, through (transit) pilotage, and coastal
MARPOL Annex I or cargo falling into pollution catego- pilotage.
ries X, Y, or Z that is regulated by MARPOL Annex II (see 5. Inquiries about compulsory pilotage, pilotage exemp-
Chapters 17 and 18 of the IBC Code). tion certificates (PECs), pilotage service dues, and transi-
e. Vessels with an loa of 50m or greater that carry liq- tional arrangements should be sent to the appropriate Pilot
uefied gases in bulk (see Chapter 19 of the IBC Code). Booking Center.
f. Vessels with an loa of 50m or greater that carry 10 6. Indreleia (Coastal Fairways).—Pilotage is compulsory.
metric tons or more of dangerous or polluting cargo in Vessels should send requests for pilots 24 hours in advance
packaged form that falls within Danger Class 1 regulated using the Safe Sea Net (described in Ship Reporting System)
by MARPOL Annex III (see the IMDG Code). or to the appropriate Pilot Booking Center stating the follow-
g. Vessels carrying substances regulated by the INF ing:
Code. a. ETA.
h. Passenger vessels with an loa of 24m or greater. b. Draft.
i. Nuclear-powered vessels. c. Gross tonnage.
2. Vessels should send requests for pilots 24 hours prior d. Destination.
to arrival, and confirming at least 5 hours in advance, prefer- e. How far pilotage is required.
ably using the Safe Sea Net (described in Ship Reporting 7. Pilot vessels may be contacted on VHF channels 13
System), or to the appropriate Pilot Booking Center, all of and 16.
which operate 24 hours, as described in the accompanying 8. Between June 15 and August 20, a pleasure craft escort
table titled Norway—Pilot Booking Centers. Requests service is available and can be arranged through the Norwe-
should include: gian Lifeboat Institution by telephone or VHF. Emergency
a. Vessel name. situations and assistance to distressed vessels can affect the
b. Call sign. lifeboats ability to meet its escort service commitments.
c. Nationality. Thick fog and bad weather can also be a hindrance. For in-
d. LOA, beam, and gross tonnage. formation on the escort service, weather conditions, or re-
e. Draft. quests for assistance, contact the Norwegian Lifeboat
f. Nature of cargo. Institution on VHF channel 16 or, as follows:
g. Destination.
h. Purpose of call.
i. ETA at pilot boarding area, or ETD from harbor. Telephone: 47-67-577777
j. Whether one or two pilots are required. Facsimile: 47-67-577750
k. Vessel’s IMO number (if any).
l. Crew and passengers (Master’s name and nationali- Web site: http://www.nssr.no
ty, size of crew, etc.).
m. Cargo and bunker fuel (UN number and quantity of Pollution
hazardous or polluting cargo, type and quantity of bunker
fuel, etc.). Pollution Reporting Procedures
n. Details of passage (last port of call, next port of call, Vessels navigating in Norwegian coastal waters are request-
etc.). ed to report pollution incidents and oil slicks whenever sighted.
o. Details related to pilotage requests and pilotage ex- The reports are to be sent to the nearest Norwegian Coast Ra-
Pub. 140
Norway 537
Norway—Pilotage and Booking
Pub. 140
538 Norway
dio Station as listed in the table titled Norwegian Coast is to be exchanged in waters 200m deep and not less than 50
Guard Radio Stations Pollution Reporting Contact Infor- miles from land. Ships are not required to deviate from their in-
mation. tended voyage to meet this requirement.
Reports on pollution or the risk of pollution can be forward- If a ship cannot exchange ballast in the required depths or at
ed directly to the Norwegian Coastal Administration’s depart- the required distance from land, it must be exchanged in one of
ment for emergency response at any time by telephone (47-33- the three designated exchange zones off the Norwegian coast,
03-4800). as follows:
The reports can be given according to the Shipboard Oil 1. Ballast Exchange Area No. 1—An area bounded by
Emergency Plan or any oil pollution report form. lines joining the following positions:
Whenever possible, the following information should be in- a. 67°02'N, 9°52'E.
cluded: b. 67°25'N, 9°40'E.
1. Time and date of observation. c. 67°51'N, 9°52'E.
2. Vessel name, nationality, position, call sign, and d. 68°13'N, 10°43'E.
MMSI number. e. 68°45'N, 11°22'E.
3. Type of vessel, size (in tons), and P and I assurance. f. 68°54'N, 11°58'E.
4. Type and amount of cargo and fuel on board. g. 69°16'N, 12°32'E.
5. Port of departure and port of destination. h. 69°38'N, 13°24'E.
6. Location of pollution (latitude and longitude). i. 69°59'N, 14°29'E.
7. Estimated amount of product which has or may leak j. 70°12'N, 15°36'E.
(length and width of oil slick). k. 70°54'N, 17°11'E.
8. Oil type and description (rainbow colors/silver sheen l. 70°12'N, 17°24'E.
or brown colors). m. 69°52'N, 16°47'E.
9. Weather conditions (wave height, wind speed, and n. 69°41'N, 16°44'E.
wind direction). o. 69°31'N, 15°43'E.
10. Pollution source (name and type of vessel, course, and p. 69°14'N, 14°46'E.
speed). q. 68°51'N, 13°53'E.
11. Vessel in distress with a risk of pollution (is your ves- r. 68°28'N, 13°51'E.
sel or are other vessels in a distress situation, such as engine s. 68°18'N, 12°41'E.
failure, grounding, fire, etc? Give details.). t. 68°01'N, 12°71'E.
12. Contact information (INMARSAT and/or Iridium u. 67°49'N, 12°09'E.
numbers). v. 67°35'N, 11°25'E.
w. 67°24'N, 11°18'E.
Norwegian Ballast Water Management Regulations x. 66°52'N, 11°23'E.
All ships, regardless of flag, are be required to exchange, 2. Ballast Exchange Area No. 2—An area bounded by
treat, or deliver to a shore reception facility all ballast water lines joining the following positions:
taken up outside the following areas: a. 62°35'N, 4°13'E.
1. The Barents Sea. b. 62°41'N, 3°34'E.
2. The Norwegian Sea. c. 63°16'N, 4°40'E.
3. The North Sea. d. 63°43'N, 5°55'E.
4. The Irish Sea. e. 64°28'N, 6°59'E.
5. The Bay of Biscay and the surrounding Iberian Penin- f. 64°43'N, 7°43'E.
sula. g. 65°12'N, 8°41'E.
6. The N part of the Atlantic Ocean. h. 67°02'N, 9°52'E.
This also applies to ballast water taken up in one of the i. 66°52'N, 11°23'E.
above-mentioned areas and to be discharged in another. The re- j. 66°26'N, 10°56'E.
quirements apply when calling at Norwegian ports and when k. 65°43'N, 10°28'E.
operating in Norwegian territorial waters. l. 64°59'N, 9°43'E.
Ballast is to be exchanged in waters at least 200m deep and m. 64°28'N, 8°45'E.
200 miles from the nearest land. If this is not possible, ballast n. 64°10'N, 7°49'E.
Norwegian Coast Guard Radio Stations Pollution Reporting Contact Information

Station Call Sign Telephone Facsimile E-mail
Bodo (LGP) Bodo Radio 47-75-528925 47-78-988331 [email protected]
Floro (LGL) Floro Radio 47-57-744294 47-78-988331 [email protected]
Rogaland (LGQ) Rogaland Radio 47-51-690044 47-78-988331 [email protected]
Tjome (LGT) Tjome Radio 47-33-036660 47-78-988331 [email protected]
Vardo (LGV) Vardo Radio 47-78-988231 47-78-988331 [email protected]
Pub. 140
Norway 539
o. 63°29'N, 6°48'E. sels that push a vessel and vessels that are pushed are consid-
p. 63°18'N, 6°26'E. ered a single vessel.
q. 63°17'N, 5°26'E. 2. Vessels that tow an object that is longer or wider than
3. Ballast Exchange Area No. 3—An area bounded by 24m.
lines joining the following positions: 3. Vessels that tow an object where the combined length
a. 57°44'N, 2°53'E. of the vessel and object towed is 35m or more. Another ves-
b. 60°27'N, 3°06'E. sel is also considered an object.
c. 60°59'N, 2°46'E. 4. A Category 1 vessel regardless of size (a vessel that
d. 61°47'N, 2°51'E. carries particularly hazardous liquid and/or polluting cargo
e. 62°41'N, 3°35'E. in bulk).
f. 62°26'N, 4°53'E. The master of any vessel that observes hazards of signifi-
g. 61°40'N, 4°07'E. cance to safe navigation or passage must immediately report
h. 61°01'N, 4°06'E. this to vessels in the vicinity. Such reports must also be made
i. 59°39'N, 4°41'E. to the Norwegian Coastal Administration as the national coor-
j. 59°16'N, 4°27'E. dinator for navigational warnings. Such reports must at least
k. 58°58'N, 4°58'E. include:
l. 58°14'N, 5°40'E. 1. Date.
m. 57°49'N, 4°49'E. 2. Time.
Ballast need not be exchanged if the master reasonably de- 3. Name of the person reporting or vessel.
cides that doing so would threaten the safety or stability of the 4. Incident.
ship, its crew, or its passengers because of adverse weather, 5. Position.
ship design, equipment failure, or any other extraordinary con- For further informations, see Vessel Traffic Service—Vessel
dition. Traffic Service Centers—General Requirements.
Ballast which has been treated with a ballast water treatment
system approved in accordance with IMO standards need not Regulations for Norwegian Internal Waters
be exchanged. The following regulations apply to internal Norwegian wa-
Ships are required to have on board an approved ballast waters and differ from the rules in the International Regulations
ter management plan in accordance with the IMO standards. for Preventing Collisions at Sea (1972):
Ships should also have and maintain a ballast water record 1. A vessel towing floating timber, oil containers, plastic
book. hoses, etc. carries a white lantern with an additional white
lantern for every 100m of tow, or, by day, a black flag or
Monitoring Single Hull Tankers rectangular black shape.
The transport of heavy grade oils is not allowed on single 2. Marking of Objects Other Than Vessels.—Dracons,
hull tankers of certain sizes and ages. Denmark, Estonia, Fin- herring and fish locknets, etc., lying wholly or partly sub-
land, Latvia, Norway, and Sweden have adopted measures to merged and under tow shall have a raft or float in tow. To
monitor the observance of theses regulations. For further infor- mark the after end of the tow, the raft or the float shall exhib-
mation, see Denmark—Pollution. it an all around white light or a diamond shape.
Power cables and similar constructions being kept afloat
Low-sulphur Fuel by means of floats, etc., and which while being extended
Vessels alongside any quay in Norwegian ports must not use across waters, may result in blocking or restrictions of the
fuel oil with a sulphur content greater than 0.1% by volume. general traffic, shall be marked by lights prescribed in Rule
All changes of fuel must be logged. 24(g). The floats shall be light reflective.
3. Dredges show the lights and shapes prescribed by the
Regulations International Regulations except that only one shape is dis-
played by day. In fog the sound signal for a vessel at anchor
Entry Regulations is followed by:
See Appendix I for details of regulations concerning the en- a. At least six single strokes of the bell if the dredge is
try into and passage through Norwegian Territorial Waters in to be passed as if it were a red spar buoy.
peacetime of foreign non-military vessels b. At least six double strokes of the bell if the dredge is
See Appendix II for details of regulations concerning pre- to be passed as if it were a green spar buoy.
scribed channels for foreign non-military vessels in Norwegian 4. Patrol Vessels—Channel Closure.—A vessel pa-
Territorial Waters. trolling for the purpose of warning approaching shipping of
the temporary closure or restriction of a channel will show:
Maritime Traffic Regulations in Norwegian Waters a. By day—International flag U.
The purpose of these regulations is to reduce the risk of ship- b. By night—One green light above two red lights dis-
ping accidents in Norwegian waters. In addition, these regula- posed vertically.
tions should contribute to the efficient management of c. The vessel may transmit the letter U (..-) in the
maritime traffic in the geographic areas covered by the vessel Morse code by light or sound signal.
traffic service centers. 5. Bend in Channel.—A power-driven vessel approach-
The regulations apply to the following vessels: ing a bend in the channel must sound a 10-second blast when
1. Vessels with a maximum length of 24m or more. Ves- 0.5 mile short of the bend. On hearing this signal a vessels
Pub. 140
540 Norway
must wait. ors and may call the attention of a vessel by siren or green
6. Narrow Passage.—A power-driven vessel approach- and red visual signals and, at night, by flares. Light signals
ing a passage so narrow that meeting vessels cannot pass shown by the patrol boat are given in the accompanying table
must sound at least 5 short blasts. On hearing this signal a titled Light Signals—Patrol Boat.
meeting vessel must wait. During the part of the year when flying operations take
7. Speed Limits.—Speed is limited to 5 knots when less place, a number of notice boards are established within the sea-
than 100m from the shore, boat harbors, anchored boats, etc. plane harbors, in such a position as to be easily visible to all
and within 50m of bathing places. Public bathing places are craft underway within the limits of the operating area.
marked by buoys (orange with orange spherical topmark) The notice boards warn vessels to reduce speed and to follow
and passing inside these is prohibited. the instructions of the patrol boat and are inscribed.
8. Cable ferries or chain ferries.—These vessels carry a
ball and three red lights, disposed in a triangle apex up. Light Signals—Patrol Boat
Tanker Routing Signal Meaning

Norwegian authorities recommend that laden tankers of Fixed red Stop immediately and wait.
40,000 dwt and over, when navigating off the coast of Norway,
keep seaward of a line joining the following positions: You are in a prohibited area;
a. 57°46.2'N, 7°00.0'E. (S of Lindesnes) proceed clear on reverse
Flashing red
course, or in the direction
b. 57°54.3'N, 6°21.5'E.
c. 58°16.1'N, 5°35.7'E. indicated by visual signals.
d. 58°30.8'N, 5°12.2'E. (SE end of the TSS off Larens All clear, continue on your
Fixed green
Rev) course.
e. 58°32.9'N, 4°57.1'E. (SW end of the TSS off Larens
The area is clear and open to
Rev) Flashing green
shipping.
f. 59°10.7'N, 4°27.5'E.
g. 60°49.2'N, 4°08.1'E. (W of Holmengra)
By keeping seaward of this line, tankers will maintain a dis- Local Speed Restrictions
tance of 12 to 20 miles from the shore. When a vessel carrying a red ball in the rigging is lying
moored at any of the lighted structures, or is loading or dis-
Lights for Large Vessels at Anchor charging gas containers at any piers or jetties, powered vessels
Vessels 92m in length and above when at anchor in Norwe- passing must not proceed at a greater speed than 5 knots for a
gian inland waters shall, in addition to the anchor lights, show distance of 100m on either side of the moored vessel.
one all around white light midway between the forward and af-
ter anchor lights, at such a height that all three lights are in a Fisheries Protection Vessels
straight line, decreasing in height toward the stern. Norwegian fisheries protection vessels, when on duty, dis-
play an all around fixed blue light, with a range of 2 miles,
Lifeboat Drills from the highest masthead.
Lifeboat drills involving the lowering of boats is not permit-
ted when vessels are underway in Norwegian territorial waters. European Union Expanded Inspection (EI) Notification
Harbor drills are allowed with local police permission. Under European Union (EU) Directive 2009/16/EC, the Eu-
Seaplane Harbors vessels arriving at or departing from a port or anchorage in the
The following information has been extracted from the regu- EU region.
lations: The reports shall be submitted electronically through the fol-
1. The alighting and taking-off of aircraft must in no way lowing web site:
be impeded or endangered.
2. No vessel shall pass within 50m of any moored or sta- SafeSeaNet Home Page
tionary aircraft, and must pass at such reduced speed that no http://www.shiprep.no
damage may be caused by wash.
3. All vessels in the vicinity of alighting or taking-off ar-
For further information, see North Atlantic Ocean—Regu-
eas shall keep a sharp lookout for a patrol boat and promptly
obey any order received from such boat.
cation.
4. When seaplanes are operating, a black and yellow
checkered flag or ball will be displayed ashore at the admin-
istrative buildings, and a patrol boat will be on duty; this sig- Search and Rescue
nal indicates that the flying area is closed to shipping.
During this period, vessels and small craft should not ap- The Norwegian Rescue Services for sea, air, and land are re-
proach the patrol boat within a distance of 200m, even if they garded as one organization under the common heading of life-
are outside the operating area. saving service. The sea rescue service combines a number of
The patrol boat is easily recognizable by its black and yel- public and private institutions, coordinated through the police,
low checkered hull; it displays a flag or ball with similar col- who have general responsibility and authority for the saving of
Pub. 140
Norway 541
lives. Among these institutions are the pilotage, light, and har- 40. Berlevag (70°52.0'N., 29°06.0'E.).
bor authorities; civil defense and fishery organizations; and the 41. Batsfjord (70°38.0'N., 29°44.0'E.).
Norwegian Lifeboat Society (Norwegian Society for Rescue of 42. Vardo (70°23.0'N., 31°06.0'E.).
Shipwrecked Mariners). The Norwegian Naval Defense Force 43. Vadso (70°05.0'N., 29°43.0'E.).
has vessels in readiness for distress calls at all times. Norwegian Chart Q6356 shows the location of coast guard
stations, lifeboat stations, coast radio stations, and other details
Norwegian Society for Sea Rescue Home Page of the search and rescue organization in British and North Eu-
ropean waters.
http://www.nssr.no A fleet of about 50 vessels is run by the pilotage authority;
many of these vessels operate within a radius of 175 to 360
The Norwegian Society for Sea Rescue operates a fleet of miles. Vessels are equipped for rescue missions. Many shore
rescue vessels of various sizes and a chain of rescue stations pilot stations maintain a listening watch on VHF channel 16.
along the coast. The vessels have an operational radius of 400 Other vessels, such as those used for harbor works and buoy
to 5,000 miles and are fitted with VHF, SSB, and mobile tele- maintenance, as well as fishing vessels and merchant vessels,
phone communications. The vessels have white hulls and su- can be called upon for rescue service.
perstructures, with a wide red band along the deck. The sides The Norwegian Air Force has ten Sea King helicopters, with
of the superstructure are marked with a red Maltese cross in a an operating radius of 220 miles, available for search and res-
blue ring, placed inside a red-edged rectangle with the initials cue duty. The helicopters are based at Stavanger (Sola), Olan-
SSSR. About 20 of the rescue stations are operated year round, det, Bodo, and Banak. Long-range transport and maritime
with the remaining stations operating during the fishing and aircraft can be called on for more extensive searches and for
pleasure-boating season. These rescue boats are located, as fol- the dropping of rescue equipment.
lows: A civilian helicopter, with a range of 150 miles, is based at
1. Drobak (59°39.6'N., 10°37.7'E.). Svalbard.
2. Skajaeerhalden (59°01.4'N., 11°02.2'E.). The Joint Rescue Coordination Centers (JRCC) are located,
3. Stavern (58°59.8'N., 10°02.6'E.). as follows:
4. Kragero (58°52.1'N., 9°24.9'E.). 1. SRR South Norway (JRCC Stavanger)—South of
5. Risor (58°43.2'N., 9°14.5'E.). 65°N.
6. Arendal (58°27.5'N., 8°46.1'E.). 2. SRR North Norway (JRCC Bodo)—North of 65°N.
7. Manda1 (58°01.3'N., 7°27.5'E.). These centers receive all distress calls and assign the appro-
8. Egersund(58°26.7'N., 5°59.2'E.). priate local rescue center to each incident. The JRCCs can be
9. Farsund(58°05.3'N., 6°48.6'E.). contacted, as follows:
10. Tananger(58°56.0'N., 5°34.8'E.). 1. JRCC Stavanger
11. Haugesu(59°25.0'N., 5°15.5'E.). a. Telephone: 47-515-17000
12. Langevn(59°36.5'N., 5°14.0'E.). b. Facsimile: 47-516-52334
13. Kleppesto(0°24.4'N., 5°13.6'E.). c. E-mail: [email protected]
14. Floro (61°36.0'N., 5°02.0'E.). 2. JRCC Bodo
15. Maloy (61°56.0'N., 5°07.0'E.). a. Telephone: 47-755-59000
16. Fosnava(62°21.0'N., 5°38.0'E.). 47-755-59300
17. Alesund (62°28.0'N., 6°10.0'E.). b. Facsimile: 47-755-24200
18. Kristians(63°07.0'N., 7°44.0'E.). c. E-mail: [email protected]
19. Smola (Veidholmen) (63°31.0'N., 7°57.0'E.). A network of coast radio stations maintains a continuous lis-
20. Mausundvaer (63°52.0'N., 8°40.0'E.). tening watch for distress traffic on 2182 kHz, 2187.5 kHz,
21. Rorvik (64°52.0'N., 11°14.0'E.). VHF channel 16, and VHF channel 70.
22. Stokkvagen (66°20.4'N., 13°00.2'E.).
23. Husoyhamn (66°30.1'N., 12°06.0'E.). Ship Reporting System
24. Bodo (67°17.1'N., 14°21.9'E.).
25. Gleda (67°30.4'N., 12°04.1'E.). Ship Reporting—SafeSeaNet (SSN)
26. Sorlandsvagen (67°39.4'N., 12°42.6'E.) on Vaeroy. SeaSafeNet (SSN) is an internet-based reporting system of
27. Napp (68°07.9'N., 13°26.8'E.). the Norwegian Coastal Administration (NCA). Participation is
28. Svolvaer (68°13.9'N., 14°34.3'E.). mandatory for all vessels arriving at and departing from Nor-
29. Bo i Vesteralen (68°37.2'N., 14°27.5'E.). wegian ports. The system is based on the requirement con-
30. Myre (68°54.8'N., 15°04.2'E.). tained in EU Directive 2002/59/EC and EU Directive 2010/65/
31. Myre (68°51.0'N., 16°18.0'E.). EC and implemented by Norwegian legislation. The system is
32. Andenes (69°19.0'N., 16°08.0'E.). a single window for mandatory ship reporting to Norwegian
33. Husoy (69°33.0'N., 17°40.0'E.). government agencies (customs, police, military, maritime,
34. Vannvag (70°04.0'N., 20°00.0'E.). etc.). The system also includes mandatory information to ports
35. Skjarvoy (70°02.0'N., 20°59.0'E.). and government authorities, including ISPS notifications,
36. Sorvaer (70°38.0'N., 21°59.0'E.). waste and cargo residue, and hazardous and polluting cargo.
37. Havoysund (71°00.0'N., 24°40.0'E.). Participation.—The regulations apply to the following ves-
38. Honningsvag (70°59.0'N., 25°59.0'E.). sels arriving in and departing from Norwegian ports:
39. Mehamn (71°03.0'N., 27°51.0'E.). 1. All vessels 300 gross tons and over.
Pub. 140
542 Norway
2. All vessels carrying dangerous or polluting cargo, re- choring in Norwegian Territorial Waters):
gardless of vessel size. a. Telephone: 47-75-536298
3. Fishing vessels, traditional ships, and recreational craft b. Facsimile: 47-75-536354
with a length overall of 45m and over. c. E-mail: [email protected]
The SSN requires notification of fuel amounts in excess of Arrival Notification.—The Arrival Notification should be
300 tons. sent at least 24 hours in advance of entering Norwegian Inter-
Exemptions.—The following vessels are exempt from the nal Waters (NIW). In need for dispensation to enter NIW earli-
regulations: er than 24 hours, vessels should contact the Norwegian
1. Warships. Authorities through SafeSeaNet (SSN), a CRS, or by telephone
2. Vessels owned or operated by an EC member state and at the above numbers. Vessels from the EU and EEA shall for-
used for non-commercial public service. ward the Arrival Notification as early as possible and not later
Access.—To access the SSN, vessels must contact Brevik than when crossing into NTW; such notifications may be made
VTS to obtain registration. Contact can be made, as follows: in written or oral form. Messages without a valid AAIC will
1. Telephone: 47-35-572625 not be accepted by a CRS.
2. E-mail: [email protected] The Arrival Notification shall contain the following:
3. Web site: http://www.shiprep.no 1. Vessel name.
If internet access is not available, vessels should contact SSN 2. Call sign.
via its agent, a vessel operator, or via the Telenor Networks 3. AAIC (Accounting Authority Identification Code).
Maritime Radio web site (http://www.maritimradio.no/kon- 4. IMO identity.
takt.oss) 5. MMSI number.
Arrival notification.—Prior to arrival at a Norwegian port, 6. Flag (nationality).
vessels should send notification to the NCA via their web site 7. Type of vessel.
(http://www.shiprep.no), as follows: 8. Type, quantity, and UN number of cargo.
1. At least 24 hours prior to arrival. 9. LOA (feet or meters), beam (feet or meters), draft
2. At the departure port if the voyage time is less than 24 (feet or meters), and tonnage (gross tons).
hours. 10. Last non-Norwegian port/place and country.
3. If the port of call is unknown or is changed during the 11. Next non-Norwegian port/place and country.
voyage, as soon as the information is available. 12. Date, time (UTC), and position on entering Norwe-
Departure notification.—The operator, agent, or master of gian baseline.
a vessel, regardless of size, carrying dangerous or polluting 13. Date, time (UTC), and position on leaving Norwegian
cargo and leaving a port in Norway, shall, at the latest, at the baseline.
moment of departure, notify the NCA through SSN. 14. Port (name, ETA, ETD, and purpose).
Pilotage request.—When a request for pilotage is sent, the 15. Norwegian agent’s name, address, and telephone
vessel’s arrival notification will automatically be generated. number.
16. Vessel’s communication numbers (INMARSAT or
Traffic Reporting—Entry into or passage through Norwe- telephone number).
gian Territorial Waters (NTW) 17. Master’s name and nationality.
The following definitions apply to this section: Vessels calling at more than one port of call within Norwe-
1. Baseline—Straight lines joining the outermost points gian Territorial Waters should repeat the above details of 14
of the entire coast of Norway. and 15 for the additional ports.
2. Norwegian Internal Waters (NIW)—All waters inside If changes of more than 4 hours to the ETA/ETD given in the
the baseline. original Advance Notification occur, an updated Arrival Notifi-
3. Norwegian Territorial Waters (NTW)—All waters cation shall be sent to the Norwegian authorities as soon as
within the territorial limits of Norway extending 12 miles possible.
seaward from the baseline. Reporting Point Notification.—This should be sent when
All foreign non-military vessels are to keep Norwegian Au- crossing the Norwegian baseline upon entering and leaving
thorities informed when sailing in Norwegian Territorial Wa- NIW, and when passing the Reporting Points, listed below. Re-
ters (NTW). This is to be done by sending an Arrival porting Point Notifications without a valid AAIC will not be
Notification and a Reporting Point Notification through Safe- accepted by a CRS.
SeaNet (SSN), the nearest Norwegian Coast Radio Station The Reporting Point Notification shall contain the following:
(CRS), or directly to the Coastal Surveillance Center (CSC) 1. Vessel name.
Bodo, as follows: 2. Call sign.
1. Operations (all notifications and reporting): 3. AAIC (Accounting Authority Identification Code).
a. Telephone: 47-75-536299 4. IMO identity.
b. Facsimile: 47-75-536354 5. MMSI number.
c. E-mail: [email protected] 6. Flag (nationality).
2. Shift Leader (all inquiries, applications, requests for 7. Current position (latitude/longitude).
dispensations or shelter, and information about stopping/an- 8. Destination.
Pub. 140
Norway 543
9. Master’s name and nationality. h. Off Rost(2) (IMO). See Note 1.

i. Off Runde (IMO). See Note 2.
Reporting Points j. Off Stad (IMO). See Note 2.
k. Off Sotra (IMO). See Note 2.
No. Name Reporting Line l. Off Utsira (IMO). See Note 2.
1 Kvitsoy Latitude 59°05'N m. Approaches to Stavanger (consisting of Between
Kjor and Olberg, Between Alstein and Tungenes, West of
2 Stadt Latitude 62°10'N
Fjoloy, In Karmsundet, In Boknafjorden, West of Kvitsoy,
3 Rorvik Latitude 64°52'N South of Geitungen, and In Skudenesfjorden) (Govern-
ment of Norway).
4 Landegode Latitude 67°27'N
2. South Coast
5 Tromso Latitude 69°41'N a. Oslo Fjord—East of Fuglehuk (Government of Nor-
6 Honningsvag Longitude 26°00'E way).
b. Oslo Fjord—East of Bastoy (Government of Nor-
Passing the When entering or way).
baseline leaving NTW c. Oslo Fjord—West of Jeloya (Government of Nor-
way).
Stopping or anchoring.—Stopping or anchoring by vessels d. Oslo Fjord—West of Nesoddtangen (Government of
passing through NTW is only permitted, as follows: Norway).
1. Actions incidental to ordinary navigation. e. Off Egersund (IMO). See Note 2.
2. Force majeure. f. Off Farsund (IMO). See Note 2.
3. Distress. g. Off Ryvingen (IMO). See Note 2.
4. Assisting persons, ships, or aircraft in danger or dis- h. Off Lillesand (IMO). See Note 2.
tress. i. Off Risor (IMO). See Note 2.
If a vessel makes a temporary stop or remains stationary, the Note 1.—Coastal Traffic Separation Schemes.—A vessel
Norwegian Authorities must be notified. routing system incorporating these individual but associated
traffic separation schemes has been established. It should be
Signals noted that these schemes are joined by Recommended Routes.
The use of these schemes is mandatory for all vessels carrying
Special signals for navigating in Norwegian internal waters, polluting cargo as defined in Annex 1, Annex 2, and Annex 3
large vessels at anchor, fisheries protection vessels, and sea- of MARPOL 73/78 and for all vessels with a total bunker ca-
plane harbors can be found under Regulations. pacity of more than 300 cubic meters.
This requirement does not apply to fishing vessels, Norwe-
Submarine Operating Areas gian and foreign military vessels, or scheduled vessels trans-
porting passengers and/or cargo between Norwegian ports.
Norwegian submarines may be met underway on the surface, Note 2.—It should be noted that these schemes are joined by
at night, in channels within the skerries. At night, they show an Recommended Routes. The indicated Traffic Separation
amber quick flashing light showing about 90 flashes every Schemes apply to the following classes of vessels:
minute. 1. Tankers as defined under Annex I of the International
Submarines which are entirely submerged or showing only Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships, 1973
their periscopes are required to keep clear of all surface ves- as modified by MARPOL 73/78.
sels. Surface vessels must keep a sharp lookout, and exercise 2. Chemical tankers carrying noxious liquid substances in
caution. bulk assessed or provisionally assessed as Category X or Y
in Annex II to MARPOL 73/78.
Time Zone 3. Vessels of 5,000 gross tons and over in transit or on in-
ternational voyages to or from Norwegian ports.
The Time Zone description is ALFA (-1). Daylight Savings Vessels engaged in domestic traffic carrying cargo and/or
Time (BRAVO (-2)) is observed from the last Sunday in March passengers between Norwegian ports are not required to use
until the last Sunday in October. the Traffic Separation Schemes.
Traffic Separation Schemes U.S. Embassy

Traffic Separation Schemes (TSS) in Norway are, as follows: The U.S. Embassy is situated at Henrik Ibsens gate 48, Oslo.
1. North and West Coasts A new embassy building is currently under construction in
a. Off Vardo (IMO). the Hyseby section of Oslo.
b. Off Nordkinn (Government of Norway). See Note 1. The mailing addresses are, as follows:
c. Off Slettnes (Government of Norway). See Note 1. 1. Norway address—
d. Off Soroya (IMO). See Note 1. Henrik Ibsens gate 48
e. Off Torsvag (IMO). See Note 1. 0244 Oslo
f. Off Andenes (IMO). See Note 1. 2. U. S. address—
g. Off Rost(1) (IMO). See Note 1. PSC 69, Box 1000
Pub. 140
544 Norway
APO AE (09707) cases the vessel traffic service center must be told as soon as
possible.
U. S. Embassy Norway Home Page Vessels that sail to a fixed timetable where the crossing is
less than 1 hour do not need to obtain permission if the traffic
http://norway.usembassy.gov center has received the timetable and the vessel is delayed by
not more than 5 minutes in relation to the timetable. However
Vessel Traffic Service the vessel must report in just before it sails into the area that is
covered by the vessel traffic service center and just before it
Vessel Traffic Services are in operation, as follows: leaves the quay in the same area. The vessel traffic service cen-
1. Fedje (60°46'N., 4°45'E.). 1 ter can decide that vessels may not leave the quay without per-
2. Kvitsoy (59°10'N., 5°11'E.). 1 mission from the vessel traffic service center.
3. Hammerfest (70°40'N., 23°40'E.). 1 Tugs that are assisting another vessel do not need to obtain
4. NOR VTS (Vardo) (68°23'N., 18°39'E.). 1 permission for the part of the voyage where assistance is used
5. Grenland (Brevik VTS) (59°04'N., 9°36'E.). 2 unless the vessel traffic service center decides otherwise.
6. Oslofjorden (Horten VTS) (59°27'N., 10°46'E.). 2 How to Apply for Permission.—Requests for clearance
1 For further information, see Pub. 182, Sailing Directions must be made by VHF or other methods decided by the Norwe-
(Enroute) North Coast of Norway. gian Coastal Administration.
2 The following information must always be given in the ap-
(Enroute) Skaggerak and Kattegat. plication:
1. Vessel’s international call sign and name.
Vessel Traffic Service Centers—General Requirements 2. Vessel’s position when the application is sent.
Communication, Language Requirements, and Duty to 3. Planned fairway to be used and ports of call.
Listen In.—Within an area that is covered by a vessel traffic 4. If the vessel is outside the area covered by the vessel
service center, all communication between the center and ves- traffic service center—the ETA to the outer boundary for the
sels must take place by VHF radiotelephone using the channels area and the ETA to the harbor, mooring, or anchorage.
decreed by the Norwegian Coastal Administration. Norwegian 5. If the vessel is inside the area covered by the center—
armed forces vessels n official service can communicate with the ETD.
the vessel traffic service center by mobile phone if this is nec- In addition to the above, the vessel traffic service center may
essary in order for the vessel to be able to carry out the task. request additional information of importance to safety in the
Vessels required to obtain permission to use the coastal wa- fairway, safety in a port, or information of importance to the
ters and which are en route or at anchor must listen in continu- organization of vessel traffic.
ously on the vessel traffic service center’s working channel. Permission.—Permission from the vessel traffic service cen-
This requirement is also in effect for vessels sailing in regular ter is only valid in relation to this directive and does not replace
service or tug boats assisting other vessels, even if these ves- permits that are required by other laws or directives.
sels are not required to request clearance. A permit is contingent upon the vessel satisfying the require-
The crew on the bridge of a vessel that is underway in an ar- ments that are laid down in this directive in order to be able to
ea that is covered by a vessel traffic center must be able to use the waters in question. The vessel traffic service center is
communicate effectively in a Scandinavian language or in En- not responsible for checking that these requirements have been
glish if the vessel is not using a pilot. met.
Requirement for Permission from the Vessel Traffic ser- Where reasons for safety or effective traffic flow make it
vice Center.—Permission is required from the vessel traffic necessary, the traffic center can:
service center before: 1. Refuse to grant permission as described in Require-
1. Sailing into an area that is covered by the vessel traffic ment for Permission from the Vessel Traffic Service Cen-
service center. ter. This refusal can only be given with effect for the next 48
2. Starting to move in an area that is covered by the vessel hours.
traffic service center. 2. Set conditions for the permit, including requiring the
3. Wanting to make changes to their voyage in relation to vessel to use a tug or escort vessel.
what was decided by or agreed with the vessel traffic service 3. Withdraw the permit or set new conditions for a given
center. This also applies to stops en route. permit.
4. Anchoring. Additional Reporting Requirements.—The vessel traffic
The permission mentioned in No. 1 and No. 2 above must be service center must be informed as soon as possible when any
obtained well in advance and at least 1 hour before the vessel of the following occurs:
arrives in waters covered by the vessel traffic service center or 1. The vessel sails into the area covered by the vessel
leaves a quay, anchorage, etc. in the same waters. Should there traffic service center.
be a need to put extraordinary safety measures into effect or ex- 2. The vessel starts to move within the area covered by
traordinary planning linked to the vessel’s using these waters, the vessel traffic service center.
the deadline is at least 24 hours in advance, regardless of the 3. The vessel has moored or anchored.
type of vessel. 4. The vessel suffers an accident.
The permissions described in No. 3 and No. 4 above are not 5. The vessel has made changes to its voyage in relation
required if it is necessary for reasons of safety to stop or alter to what was decided by or agreed with the vessel traffic ser-
the voyage and there is no time to obtain permission. In such vice center and it has not been possible to obtain permission
Pub. 140
Norway 545
(See Requirement for Permission from the Traffic Cen- Duty to Provide Information.—Vessels that find them-
ter). This also applies to anchoring and other stops en route. selves within an area that is covered by a vessel traffic service
Tugs are not required to report according to No. 1, No. 2, No. center must, upon demand from the vessel traffic service cen-
3, and No. 5 above as long as they are assisting another vessel, ter, provide the information listed in How to Apply for Per-
unless the vessel traffic service center decides otherwise. mission.
Pub. 140
Norway 547
Appendix I—Laws and Regulations Appertaining to Navigation

Regulations concerning foreign non-military vessels entering and making passage through Norwegian territorial waters in
peacetime.
Directed by the Ministry of Defense 4 May 1995 pursuant to Responsibility of the shipmaster
Section 18 and Section 19 of Royal Resolution No. 1130 of 23 Section 9.—For the purpose of these regulations, the Norwe-
December 1994 on foreign non-military vessels calling at and gian authorities means the Ministry of Defense or whosoever
traveling in Norwegian territorial waters during peacetime. As the Ministry so authorizes. All inquiries, notifications, reports,
amended by Regulation No. 448 of 27 April 2007. applications for clearance etc, to the Norwegian authorities
Introductory Provisions shall be directed to Headquarters Defense Command North
Section 1.—These regulations only apply when Norway and Norway (LDKN) for vessels in positions N of 65°N and to
the State whose flag the vessel is entitled to fly are at peace, or Headquarters Defense Command South Norway (FOHK) for
until contingency measures have been implemented. vessels in positions S of 65°N and shall be submitted in Nor-
Section 2.—The regulations do not apply to Norwegian ter- wegian, Danish, Swedish, or English.
ritorial waters off Svalbard, Jan Mayen, or dependencies unless
otherwise prescribed by statute. Innocent passage through the territorial sea
Section 3.—For the purpose of these regulations, foreign Section 10.—Innocent passage through the territorial sea is
non-military vessel means any foreign vessel, or Norwegian permitted for foreign non-military vessels. Innocent passage
vessel the master of which is a foreign national, to which cur- means navigation through the territorial sea, either in transit or
rent Norwegian regulations concerning the admission of for- for the purpose of proceeding to or from Norwegian internal
eign warships and military aircraft to Norwegian territorial waters or ports.
waters in peacetime do not apply. Stopping or anchoring while passing through the territorial
In these regulations, foreign non-military vessel also means sea is only permitted when such action is incidental to ordinary
equipment belonging to the vessel (lifeboats, landing craft, air- navigation or is rendered necessary by force majeure or dis-
craft, etc.). tress or for the purpose of rendering assistance to persons,
Section 4.—Nuclear-powered vessels are subject to special ships or aircraft which are in danger of distress.
licensing pursuant to Section 4 of Act No. 28 of 12 May 1972. Section 11.—Any vessel in innocent passage through the
Vessels carrying nuclear substances are required to hold a per- territorial sea which for reasons set forth in Section 10, second
mit pursuant to Section 5 of the said Act. paragraph, must make a temporary stop or remain stationary or
Section 5.—Sections 13, 15, and 16 of these regulations ap- enter Norwegian internal waters or call at a Norwegian port fa-
ply subject to any restrictions established by agreements with cility, shall notify the Norwegian authorities without undue de-
foreign States. lay.
Section 6.—Pleasure craft carrying foreign nationals who
are required to hold a visa shall be subject to the regulations Admission of foreign non-military vessels to Norwegian in-
concerning the admission of foreigners to the Kingdom and ternal waters
their stay there pursuant to Sections 83 and 111 of the Crown Section 12.—Foreign non-military vessels to which the list
Prince Regent’s Decree of 21 December 1990 Number 1028. in Section 13 does not apply may, subject to the restrictions set
Pleasure craft over 24m in length or 50 gt shall use pre- out in Section 16, enter Norwegian internal waters without ob-
scribed sea lanes and are required to give notification pursuant taining written permission in advance.
to Section 17 and may be ordered to report pursuant to Section Foreign non-military vessels maybe refused admission to
19. Norwegian internal waters when special grounds make this
Pleasure craft are otherwise exempted from the restrictions necessary. Such special grounds exist when inter alia fishing
set out in Sections 16, 17, 18, and 19. vessels plan to enter these waters in connection with fishing or
bringing ashore a catch as set out in Section 8, first paragraph,
Norwegian territorial waters and sea limits of Act No. 19 of 17 June 1966 on Norway’s fishing limit and
Section 7. on the prohibition on foreign nations from engaging in fisher-
(a) For the purpose of these regulations, baselines means ies, etc, inside the fishing limit or if the conditions for impos-
straight lines drawn between the base points. ing a prohibition pursuant to Section 9 of the same act are
(b) For the purpose of these regulations, Norwegian territo- satisfied.
rial waters means all waters within the territorial limit. Section 13.—Admission to Norwegian internal waters is
(c) For the purpose of these regulations, internal waters permitted for the following foreign non-military vessels only
means all waters that lie within the baselines. when written permission has been granted in advance by the
(d) For the purpose of these regulations, the territorial sea Norwegian authorities:
means the waters between the baselines and the territorial limit. a. Research vessels.
b. Seismic vessels and other vessels carrying equipment
Norwegian authorities used for surveying and charting the sea bed.
Section 8.—Masters of all foreign, non-military vessels are c. Factory ships, repair ships and expedition vessels.
required to familiarize themselves with the substance of these d. Vessels for special purposes, including floating and
regulations before entering Norwegian territorial waters. mobile oil platforms, tugboats, dredges, icebreakers, and
Pub. 140
548 Norway
floating cranes, unless entry into Norwegian internal waters Section 17.—Masters of all foreign non-military vessels over
is necessary due to a binding agreement with a Norwegian 24m in length or 50 gross tons who intend to navigate their ves-
company which requires the vessel to call at a Norwegian sel into Norwegian internal waters are required to give notifica-
port facility. tion of such entry and shall notify the Norwegian authorities at
e. Non-military government ships and stand-by and sup- the latest 24 hours in advance. Such notification may be made in
port vessels for naval units. written or oral form and shall contain:
f. Vessels specified in Section 4 of these regulations. a. Vessel’s IMO identification number, if any.
g. Vessels carrying aircraft. b. Vessel’s nationality, name, international radio call sign
In cases of doubt, the Norwegian authorities will decide wheth- (distinctive letters), and any mobile or satellite telephone
er a foreign non-military vessel is subject to this provision. numbers.
Section 14.—The vessels specified in Section 13b, c, d, and c. Type of vessel, cargo, draft, and size in gross tons.
g may be granted admission into Norwegian internal waters d. Purpose of the entry including any information about
without a prior written application in order to be repaired or the entry as specified in Section 14 of these regulations.
laid up in a Norwegian port provided a binding agreement with e. Specification in latitude and longitude of the point
a Norwegian company exists. In such cases, deviations may be where the vessel intends to cross the Norwegian baseline
made from the deadlines referred to in Section 15. The Norwe- when entering and leaving.
gian authorities shall be notified of such admission as soon as f. Intended ports-of-call with specification of times of ar-
possible. rival and departure.
Foreign non-military vessels which are obliged to seek a port g. Norwegian contact (agent, operator, ship owner, etc).
of refuge for the reasons specified in Section 10, second para- The Norwegian authorities shall be informed without delay
graph, may enter Norwegian internal waters without a prior of any changes in the submitted plan of navigation.
written application. Passenger and car ferries in regular service to and from Nor-
Section 15.—A written application for permission to enter wegian ports are excepted from the notification requirement
Norwegian internal waters under Section 13a, b, c, d, e, and g provided an approved navigation plan has been forwarded to
shall have reached the Norwegian authorities at the latest 7 the Norwegian authorities at the latest 14 days before the ser-
days before entry is expected to take place. Applications under vice is put into operation. The Norwegian authorities are to be
Section 13f shall have reached the Norwegian authorities at the informed if the navigation plan is withdrawn or if major chang-
latest 14 days before entry is expected to take place. All applies are introduced.
cations shall contain the information specified in Section 17 The vessels specified in Section 13 are required to give noti-
and any other information deemed to be of importance in con- fication as described above irrespective of their length or size.
nection with the planned entry.
Not withstanding these regulations, the Norwegian authori- Sea Lanes and Reporting Points in Norwegian internal wa-
ties may require information from foreign non-military vessels ters
which is considered to be of relevance to the planned entry, in- Section 18.—When navigating through Norwegian internal
cluding information about catches carried on board and, if the waters, foreign non-military vessels shall only use those sea
catch is to be delivered in Norway, fishing activities within lanes prescribed by the Ministry of Defense.
Norwegian fishery jurisdiction in which the vessel has been en- Section 19.—Foreign non-military vessels shall report to the
gaged. Norwegian authorities when entering and leaving Norwegian
internal waters and when passing specified geographical posi-
Entry, passage, and notification requirement when navigat- tions in the sea lane. Such reports shall include the vessel’s
ing through Norwegian internal waters name, call sign, destination, and estimated time of passing the
next reporting point or of arrival at the vessel’s next port of
Section 16.—For foreign non-military vessels, entry into and call. The reporting points are determined by the Ministry of
passage through Norwegian internal waters is restricted to the fol- Defense.
lowing activities: Note.—For further information on reporting points, see Sec-
a. Navigation to and from Norwegian ports in connection tion 5 of Appendix II.
with loading, unloading, restocking, bunkering, carrying out Section 20.—Foreign non-military vessels which are obliged
necessary repairs, or carrying out binding agreements with to enter Norwegian internal waters due to force majeure or dis-
Norwegian interests. Laytime in a Norwegian port shall be tress or to provide assistance to persons, ships, or aircraft that
limited to the necessary length of time as dictated by the pur- are in danger are exempted from the above provisions concern-
pose of the call at the port. ing the requirement to report and the use of sea lanes. Such
b. Navigation in transit via specified sea lanes when the vessels shall nevertheless and by the fastest possible means
vessel’s mission makes this necessary. contact the Norwegian authorities for specific instructions re-
c. Navigation in order to seek a port of refuge. garding anchoring or continued navigation.
Stopping or anchoring while passing through internal waters Vessels stopping in Norwegian territorial water
is only permitted when such action is incidental to ordinary Section 21.—No registrations or measurements other than
navigation or is rendered necessary by force majeure or dis- those necessary for safe navigation are permitted without spe-
tress or for the purpose of rendering assistance to persons, cial permission from the Norwegian authorities.
ships or aircraft which are in danger or distress. If the vessel Section 22.—It is prohibited for all persons on board foreign
makes a temporary stop or remains stationary, the Norwegian non-military vessels to make maps or sketched maps of ports,
authorities shall be notified without undue delay. waters, airfields, or seaplane ports of the Kingdom. It is also
Pub. 140
Norway 549
prohibited to make maps, sketches of maps, take photographs, duct. Norwegian regulations governing the use of communica-
or record descriptions of Norwegian military facilities or tions equipment shall be complied with.
equipment. Infringements of the regulations
Section 23.—Foreign non-military vessels shall fly their na- Section 26.—Should the master or crew of a foreign non-
tional flag at all times while navigating through Norwegian ter- military vessel fail to comply with the laws and regulations laid
ritorial waters. When the vessel is at anchor or moored, the flag down for the presence and navigation of vessels in Norwegian
shall be hoisted during the day. territorial waters, the Norwegian authorities may order the ves-
Section 24.—Officers on Norwegian warships or guard sel to leave Norwegian territorial waters immediately or within
ships and other officers in the Norwegian Armed Forces may a specified reasonable period of time. The vessel may also be
inspect any foreign non-military vessel, including its docu- brought to the nearest police authority to be charged and prose-
ments, cargo, equipment, and any persons on board. The mas- cuted.
ter of the vessel under inspection shall provide any assistance Section 27.—Unless otherwise prescribed by statute, in-
necessary to facilitate the inspection, including placing the ves- fringement of these regulations is punishable by fines or by im-
sel’s communications equipment at the disposal of the inspect- prisonment for a term not exceeding 3 months pursuant to
ing officers free of charge. The master shall provide on request Section 418, Subsection 2, of Act No. 10 of 22 May 1902.
any information which is of interest to the Norwegian authori- Concluding provisions
ties and is under obligation to comply with instructions regard- Section 28.—The Ministry of Defense or whosoever the
ing the remainder of the voyage. Ministry so authorizes may grant exemption from these regula-
Section 25.—The master and crew of a foreign non-military tions and may issue further provisions for the supplementation
vessel shall comply with current Norwegian legislation includ- and implementation of these regulations.
ing regulations concerning the environment, health, customs, Section 29.—These regulations enter into force on 1 May
use of pilot, traffic, ports, foreign nationals, and rules of con- 1995.
Pub. 140
Norway 551
Appendix II—Regulations on Prescribed Channels for Foreign Non-military Vessels in Norwegian Ter-
ritorial Waters
Decreed by the Ministry of Defense 4 May 1995 in accordance with Section 18 and Section 19 of Royal Resolution No. 1130 of 23
December 1994 on foreign non-military vessels calling at and traveling in Norwegian territorial waters during peacetime
Prescribed Channels Reporting Points

1. Foreign non-military vessels shall follow prescribed chan- 4. When passing in or out of the Norwegian internal waters
nels which are summarized in the Coast Directorate’s fairway and when passing defined geographical points in channels, for-
system. eign non-military vessels shall report to the Norwegian author-
ities. The report shall contain the vessel’s name, call sign, and
2. Foreign non-military vessels wishing to call at places port of call, along with the time for passing the next reporting
which are not directly connected to the prescribed channels point in a channel or the next harbor.
shall follow prescribed channels as far as possible and then 5. The reporting points are defined, as follows:
take the shortest safe channel in or out. Where a prescribed
channel cannot be followed as in the previous sentence, a ves- Headquarters Defense Command
sel shall cross the baseline at a point which allows the shortest
safe channel in or out between the baseline and the port of call, Kvitsoy (Rogaland)
and the vessel shall follow that channel. South Norway Stadt (More and Romsdal)
Rorvik (Nord Trondelag)
3. Foreign non-military vessels which, after entering Norwe-
gian internal waters, have a need to follow channels other than Landegode (Nordland)
those described in Paragraphs 1 and 2 above, can obtain special
North Norway Tromso (Troms)
permission from the Norwegian authorities (i.e. Headquarters
Defense Command North Norway/South Norway) to follow Honningsvag (Finnmark)
these channels as long as there is a state pilot on board. In areas
regulated by traffic centers, the appropriate pilot master at the Entry into Force
traffic center can give dispensation as necessary. 6. These regulations enter into force immediately.
Pub. 140
Norway 553
Appendix III—Economic Exploitation Zone

By act No. 91 of 17 December 1976 and Royal Decree of 17 December 1976, of which the following are extracts, the Norwegian
authorities established, from 1 January 1977, an Economic Exploitation Zone, the outer limits of which are set at a distance of 200
nautical miles from the appropriate baselines but not so as to extend beyond the Continental Shelf Boundaries of other States.
The establishment of the Zone does not affect the rights of navigation through or flight over the waters in question.
Except as provided in agreements with other States and in regulations concerning fisheries, aliens may not engage in fishing or
hunting within the Zone.
Regulations concerning the protection of the environment, scientific research, artificial installations and port facilities, cables and
pipelines, and the exploitation of the Zone for any economic purpose, may be issued.
Pub. 140
555
PANAMA
General 555 destroyed, irregular, or unreliable.

Buoyage System 555
Currency 555
Government 555 Turtle nets and buoys may be encountered near the coast in
Holidays 556 the NE approach to the Panama Canal.
Industries 556 The nets are usually moored over rocks; vessels navigating
Languages 556 near them may be in danger. The buoys attached to the nets are
Navigational Information 556 made of wood or bamboo and float horizontally. They may be
Pollution 556 distinguished from driftwood by being grouped in one area.
Regulations 557
Time Zone 557
Traffic Separation Schemes 558 The official unit of currency is the balboa, consisting of 100
U.S. Embassy 558 centesimos.
Government
General
Panama, located in Central America, is bordered on the E by
Colombia and on the W by Costa Rica. The Caribbean Sea lies
to its N and the North Pacific Ocean lies to its S.
Heavily-wooded hills and mountain ranges generally span
the length of the country, with the exception of the low gap at
its narrowest part, through which the Panama Canal crosses.
The coastal areas are largely plains and rolling hills.
Elevations E of the canal rise to a height of about 1,615m
near the Colombian border and to a height of 3,475m in the
mountains to the W of the canal.
The climate is tropical. It is hot, humid, and cloudy with the
rainy season from May to January and the dry season from Jan- Flag of Panama
uary to May.
Most of the numerous rivers of the country flow into the Pa- Panama is a constitutional republic. The country is divided
cific Ocean and are of little or no importance to navigation. into ten provinces and three indigenous territories.
Panama is governed by a directly-elected President who
Buoyage System serves a non-renewable 5-year term. The Cabinet is appointed
by the President. The unicameral National Assembly consists
The IALA Buoyage System (Region B) is in effect. See of 71 directly-elected members serving 5-year terms.
Chart No. 1 for further IALA Buoyage System information. The legal system is based on civil law.
Many lights have been reported as extinguished, damaged, The capital is Panama City.
Pub. 140
556 Panama

The maritime territorial claims of Panama are, as follows:
January 1 New Year’s Day Contiguous Zone 24 miles.
January 9 National Mourning Day Fisheries or Economic 200 miles.
Carnival Variable Zone
Ash Wednesday Variable Continental Shelf 200 miles or the Continen-
tal Margin.
* Claims the Gulf of Panama as a historic bay.
Easter Sunday Variable Pollution
May 1 Labor Day Oil Pollution Emergency Plan
June 16 Dia del Padre All vessels using the Panama Canal having a carrying capac-
ity of 400 metric tons or more of oil as cargo or fuel must have
November 3 Independence Day from a Panama Canal Ship Oil Pollution Emergency Plan (PCSO-
Colombia PEP) in place. Vessels without a PCSOPEP could face transit
November 4 Flag Day delays and financial penalties.
Each PCSOPEP must be submitted, via e-mail (pcso-
November 5 Colon Day (Colon only) [email protected]) as a PDF or Word document, with the
November 10 Uprising of Los Santos ship name and its IMO or Panama Canal Authority Ship Identi-
fication Number (SIN) in the subject line, at least 96 hours pri-
November 28 Independence Day from or to arrival in canal waters and should include the following
Spain information at a minimum:
December 8 Mother’s Day 1. Vessel particulars.
2. Oil pollution prevention measures for Panama Canal
waters.
December 31 New Year's Eve 3. Spill notification procedures in a prioritized sequence.
4. Spill response procedures.
Industries 5. Crew training program for reaction to shipboard and
shoreside spill incidents.
The main industries are agriculture, construction, brewing, 6. Record of PCSOPEP notification exercises.
cement and other construction materials, and sugar milling. 7. Identification of the Authorized Person, as well as the
The main exports are fruits and nuts, fish, iron and steel telephone number and facsimile number where they can be
waste, and wood. The main export-trading partners are the reached on a 24-hour basis.
United States, Canada, Costa Rica, and China. 8. PCSOPEP Tier classification.
The main imports are fuel products, medicines, vehicles, If the Panama Canal Authority determines the PCSOPEP
iron and steel rods, and machinery. The main import-trading meets all requirement as stated in the Regulations on Naviga-
partners are the United States, China, and Mexico. tion in Panama Canal Waters (Chapter IX, Section 4), the Pan-
ama Canal Authority will issue a Notification of
Acknowledgment to the vessel; the notice will be valid for 4
Languages years.
Questions regarding PCPSOPEPs can be sent, as follows:
Spanish is the official language, although a segment of the
1. Telephone: 507-276-4635
population speaks English as a native tongue. Many Panamani-
ans are bilingual.
Further details, including full instructions on PCSOPEPs
(OP Notice to Shipping No. N-12-2015) are available from the
Navigational Information Panama Canal Authority website:
Enroute Volumes
Pub. 148, Sailing Directions (Enroute) Caribbean Sea Vol- Panama Canal Ship Oil Pollution Emergency Plan
ume 2. (PCSOPEP)
Pub. 153, Sailing Directions (Enroute) West Coasts of Mexi- http://www.pancanal.com/eng/op/notices/index.html
co and Central America.
Pub. 140
Panama 557
Vessels must perform PCSOPEP notification exercises for may include a more detailed inspection and assignment of ad-
the Authorized Person at least twice a year and must document ditional resources at their own cost. These measures could also
them for verification by the Panama Canal Authority. These result in transit delays or the denial of transit.
tests may be conducted outside the waters of the Panama Ca-
nal. Electronic Data Collection System (EDCS) Code
The Panama Canal Authority may also require vessels to The following documents are required to be submitted
perform a PCSOPEP notification exercise and/or participate in through ECDS at least 96 hours prior to arriving in Panama Ca-
response drills and exercises with the Panama Canal Authority. nal waters:
The vessel must properly document such drills and exercises. 1. ETA/Ship Due (Form 4376).
Joint exercises, with the participation of vessels and the Pana- 2. Cargo Declaration (Form 4363).
ma Canal Authority, will be previously coordinated and will 3. Passenger List (Form 20).
not delay transits. 4. Crew List (Form 1509).
Vessel exercise records must be kept for at least 3 years. Updates to this information may be submitted up to 12 hours
prior to arrival but these changes will be subjected to security
Pollution Reporting verification.
In the event of an emergency in Panama Canal waters, the Vessels with a voyage time of less than 96 hours from their
vessel should notify the Panama Canal Authority through the last port of call prior to entering the canal must still provide
Panama Canal plot on board. In the event no Panama Canal pi- preliminary information 96 hours in advance. Vessels will be
lot is on board, the Panama Canal Authority shall be notified required to provide their final information to the Panama Canal
using VHF channel 12 or 16. Authority immediately upon departure from their last port of
Upon activation of the vessel’s PCSOPEP, the vessel’s Au- call.
thorized Person will establish contact with the Maritime Traffic With the implementation of EDCS, vessels no longer need to
Control Center (telephone: 507-272-4201 or 507-272-4202). provide the canal Boarding Officer with hard copies of the Car-
Notification begins as soon as an actual or probable oil leak go Declaration, Passenger List, and Crew List. However, ves-
is detected and shall not be delayed during the process of gath- sels are still required to provide Boarding Officers with a hard
ering information. The notification shall include the following copy of the Ship’s Information and Quarantine Declaration
information: (SIQD) (Form 4398), which should be completely filled out,
1. Vessel name. with the exception of information on any dangerous cargo,
2. Country of registry. which is required to be forwarded in advance through EDCS.
3. IMO Number and Panama Canal Ship Identification The SIDQ from is available at the following web site:
Number (SIN).
4. Location of incident.
Ship’s Information and Quarantine Declaration
5. Date and time of incident.
(SIQD)
6. Planned route.
http://www.pancanal.com/eng/maritime/forms.html
7. Nature of incident.
8. Identification of spilled product and any toxic or ex-
plosive hazard. Quarantine
9. Estimated volume of the spilled product. Radio pratique should be requested as part of the 96-hour ad-
10. Size and appearance of the slick. vance notification to the Traffic Management Division of the
11. Weather conditions. Panama Canal Authority, as follows:
12. Actions taken or planned by on scene personnel and 1. Telephone: 507-272-4210
vessel conditions. 507-272-3782
13. Injuries or deaths. 2. Facsimile: 507-272-3976
14. Any other information as deemed appropriate. 507-272-2748
3. E-mail: [email protected] (Balboa)
Regulations [email protected] (Cristobal)
International Ship and Port Facility Security (ISPS) Code Search and Rescue
The Panama Canal Authority has adopted regulations similar
to those established by the ISPS Code, even though the Panama The National Maritime Service (Servicio Maritimo National)
Canal does not fall within the ISPS Code definition of a port is the national search and rescue agency for Panama and can be
facility. contacted, as follows:
All vessels to which SOLAS 74 regulations apply and which 1. Telephone: 507-211-6004
plan to arrive in Panama canal waters are expected to comply 2. Facsimile: 507-211-1943
with the ISPS Code and related Panama Canal Regulations. 3. E-mail: [email protected]
Additionally, those vessels not required to comply with the 4. Web site: http://www.smn.gob.pa
ISPS Code will be expected to provide evidence they have im-
plemented onboard security measures comparable to those Time Zone
contained in the ISPS Code.
Vessels not fully able to comply with these requirements The Time Zone description is ROMEO (+5). Daylight Sav-
may be subject to control and compliance measures, which ings Time is not observed.
Pub. 140
558 Panama
Traffic Separation Schemes The mailing addresses are, as follows:

1. Panama address—
Traffic Separation Schemes off Panama are, as follows: Apartado Postal 0816-02561
1. In the Gulf of Panama. (IMO adopted) Panama City
2. Off Punta Morro de Puercos. (IMO adopted) 2. U. S. address—
3. Off Isla Jicarita. (IMO adopted) 9100 Panama City Place
4. At the Approaches to Puerto Cristobal. (IMO adopted) Washington, DC (20521-9100)
(Enroute) Caribbean Sea, Volume II, and Pub. 153, Sailing Di-
rections (Enroute) West Coasts of Mexico and Central Ameri- U. S. Embassy Panama Home Page
ca. http://panama.usembassy.gov

U.S. Embassy
A Vessel Traffic Management Service operates in the Pana-
The U.S. Embassy is situated at Building 783, Demetrio ma Canal and its approaches. For further information, see Pub.
Basilio Lakas Avenue, Clayton, Panama. 148, Sailing Directions (Enroute) Caribbean Sea, Volume II.
Pub. 140
559
POLAND
General 559 vere winters with frequent precipitation and mild summers
Buoyage System 559 with frequent showers and thunderstorms.
Currency 560 The terrain is mostly a low-lying plain, becoming more hilly
Firing Areas 560 in the S inland third of the country and mountainous along the
Fishing Areas 562 border with Slovakia and the Czech Republic.
Government 562
Holidays 562 Buoyage System
Ice 562
Industries 563 The IALA Buoyage System (Region A) is in effect. See
Languages 563 Chart No. 1 for further IALA Buoyage System information.
Meteorology 563 Buoys marking areas closed to navigation are painted yellow
Mined Areas 563 with two red stripes forming a cross when viewed from above
Navigational Information 564 and may exhibit white or red flashing lights.
Offshore Drilling 564 Military zones may be marked by buoys stamped with the
Pollution 564 letters “SN.” Areas in which explosives have been dumped, and
Pilotage 564 mined areas, are marked by white conical buoys with a large
Regulations 564 letter “A” in red. Buoys serving as survey marks are conical
Search and Rescue 565 and painted in blue and red bands.
Ship Reporting System 566 The limits of fishing areas or fish conservation areas may be
Signals 566 marked by either spar or conical buoys painted in yellow and
Submarine Operating Areas 566 black bands with the letters “RYB” which may carry a yellow
Time Zone 567 spherical topmark.
Traffic Separation Schemes 567 Cables are marked by black conical buoys with a white letter
U.S. Embassy 567 “K.” The limits of an anchorage are usually marked by red or
Vessel Traffic Service 567 black conical buoys with a white anchor symbol.
Buoys marking a canal entrance are conical and painted yel-
General low above black. Measured distance buoys are usually oval in
shape, painted yellow and red, divided vertically, and may car-
Poland is bounded by Germany on the W; Russia, Lithuania, ry topmarks consisting of one, two, or three red spheres.
Belarus, and Ukraine on the E; Slovakia and the Czech Repub- Many buoys and lighted buoys are withdrawn or replaced for
lic on the S; and the Baltic Sea on the N. the winter, usually beginning in early November or when ice
The climate is temperate, with cold cloudy moderately-se- threatens. Information on intended changes is promulgated in
Pub. 140
560 Poland
Polish Notices to Mariners and by radio navigational warnings, a. 54°36'06.6''N,18°44'20.4''E.
if necessary. b. 54°38'24.6''N,18°40'56.4''E.
c. 54°40'00.6''N,18°41'02.4''E.
Currency d. 54°36'48.6''N,18°45'44.4''E.
Area No. 6.—An area bounded by lines joining the follow-
The official unit of currency is the zloty, consisting of 100 ing positions:
groszy. a. 54°32'37.2''N,16°32'43.2''E.
b. 54°40'45.0''N,16°16'57.0''E.
Firing Areas c. 54°47'01.8''N,16°46'21.6''E.
d. 54°35'16.2''N,16°50'42.0''E.
Vessels of naval units, anchored and unable to show pre- Area No. 6a.—An area bounded by lines joining the follow-
scribed anchor lights, shall show two white lights visible for 2 ing positions:
miles around the horizon. One light is placed close above the a. 54°34'06.0''N,16°41'51.6''E.
hull at the stern; the other on the bow at a greater height. b. 54°35'54.0''N,16°41'51.6''E.
One of a group of naval vessels at anchor can show one blue c. 54°35'54.0''N,16°44'51.6''E.
light independently of other prescribed lights. Vessels in single d. 54°34'06.0''N,16°44'51.6''E.
column formation, except for the last vessel, can show two Area No. 6b.—An area bounded by lines joining the follow-
white lights in addition to the prescribed stern light. One of ing positions:
these lights, shown from the mainmast, is beamed toward the a. 54°29'03.0''N,16°25'28.8''E.
stern; the other light is carried above the stern light. b. 54°35'24.0''N,16°08'46.2''E.
Ships engaged in practice firing exercises display a red flag c. 54°40'45.0''N,16°16'57.0''E.
at the masthead. At night, a red light visible all around the hori- d. 54°32'37.2''N,16°32'43.2''E.
zon, is shown above the prescribed white light on the foremast. Area No. 6c.—An area bounded by the coast and lines join-
The following areas, used for military and gunnery exercises, ing the following positions:
will be temporarily closed to fishing and navigation, except as a. 54°32'45.0''N,16°33'50.4''E.
noted, at times promulgated by the Polish authorities: b. 54°36'04.8''N,16°33'50.4''E.
Area No. 1a.—An area bounded by lines joining the follow- c. 54°36'30.0''N,16°38'52.2''E.
ing positions: d. 54°36'30.0''N,16°40'45.0''E.
a. 54°23'54.6''N,18°59'50.4''E. e. 54°34'06.0''N,16°40'45.0''E.
b. 54°27'54.6''N,19°02'50.4''E. Area No. 10.—An area bounded by lines joining the follow-
c. 54°27'54.6''N,19°22'56.4''E. ing positions:
d. 54°23'54.6''N,19°21'26.4''E. a. 54°47'24.0''N,18°27'12.0''E.
Area No. 1b.—An area bounded by lines joining the follow- b. 54°55'12.6''N,18°36'00.0''E.
ing positions: c. 54°51'55.2''N,18°43'22.2''E.
a. 54°27'54.6''N,19°02'50.4''E. d. 54°44'21.6''N,18°35'17.4''E.
d. 54°27'54.6''N,19°22'56.4''E. a. 54°44'21.6''N,18°35'16.8''E.
Area No. 2.—An area bounded by lines joining the follow- b. 54°51'55.2''N,18°43'22.2''E.
ing positions: c. 54°45'30.6''N,18°57'50.4''E.
a. 54°32'54.6''N,18°34'02.4''E. d. 54°38'54.6''N,18°49'50.4''E.
d. 54°37'12.6''N,18°36'38.4''E. a. 54°01'54.6''N,14°46'40.8''E.
e. 54°33'06.6''N,18°34'38.4''E. b. 54°05'42.6''N,14°44'22.8''E.
c. 54°07'06.6''N,14°50'40.8''E.
Area No. 3.—An area bounded by lines joining the follow- d. 54°03'06.6''N,14°52'58.8''E.
ing positions: Area No. 13.—An area bounded by lines joining the follow-
a. 54°32'15.0''N,18°33'46.8''E. ing positions:
b. 54°32'15.0''N,18°35'19.8''E. a. 54°00'30.6''N,14°27'52.8''E.
c. 54°32'48.0''N,18°35'19.8''E. b. 54°03'43.8''N,14°27'52.8''E.
d. 54°32'48.0''N,18°33'36.0''E. c. 54°06'24.6''N,14°36'22.8''E.
Note.—This area is closed to navigation year round. d. 54°02'48.6''N,14°36'22.8''E.
Area No. 4.—An area bounded by lines joining the follow- Area No. 14.—An area bounded by lines joining the follow-
ing positions: ing positions:
a. 54°40'18.0''N,18°43'18.0''E. a. 54°36'47.4''N,18°46'47.4''E.
b. 54°39'36.0''N,18°41'36.0''E. b. 54°36'24.0''N,18°47'37.8''E.
c. 54°37'42.0''N,18°44'18.0''E. c. 54°35'12.6''N,18°46'32.4''E.
d. 54°38'24.0''N,18°45'42.0''E. d. 54°35'12.6''N,18°44'32.4''E.
Area No. 5.—An area bounded by lines joining the follow- e. 54°36'06.6''N,18°44'20.4''E.
ing positions: Note.—This area is closed to navigation year round.
Pub. 140
Poland 561
Poland—Firing Areas
Pub. 140
562 Poland
Area No. 15.—An area bounded by lines joining the follow- and holdover Communist legal theory; changes are gradually
ing positions: being introduced as part of the broader democratization pro-
a. 54°32'48.6''N,18°33'44.4''E. cess.
b. 54°33'06.6''N,18°33'44.4''E. The capital is Warsaw.
c. 54°33'06.6''N,18°35'20.4''E.
d. 54°32'48.6''N,18°35'20.4''E. Holidays
Note.—This area is closed to navigation and fishing year
round. The following holidays are observed:
Fishing Areas January 1 New Year’s Day

Fishing activity occurs in the Gulf of Gdansk from early
spring through the winter. Nets and lines may be found laid out Easter Monday Variable
a considerable distance from the coast. May 1 Labor Day
Fishing, using surface, bottom, and fixed submerged equip-
ment, is carried out in a strip extending 3 miles off the coast May 3 Constitution Day
from the German/Polish border to just W of longitude 15°20'E. Corpus Christi Variable
In Zalew Szczecinski, bottom nets between 600m and
1,000m long are set in depths greater than 5m; the nets may be
up to 3,000m apart. Each end of the net is marked by an all- November 1 All Saints’ Day
around white light. Vessels should only navigate in the marked November 11 Independence Day
fairways, particularly in poor visibility, to avoid fouling fishing
gear. December 25 Christmas Day
From 15 March to 15 June, fishing vessels with drift nets op- December 26 Second Christmas Day
erate within 15 miles of the coast between longitude 15°00'E
and longitude 18°00'E.
Ice
Government For information on obtaining general ice information for the
Poland is a democratic republic. The country is divided into Baltic Sea, see Baltic Sea—Ice.
16 provinces.
Icebreakers
Icebreakers use signals of the International Code. Poland has
a small number of icebreakers to aid ships in coastal shipping
lanes during the ice season.
The responsibility for the control and operation of the ice
services and icebreakers is divided as follows:
1. Eastern coastal region (includes Kolobrzeg and the
ports in the Gulf of Gdansk)—under the control of the har-
bormaster at Gdynia.
2. Central region (the ports of Ustka, Darlowo, and
Leba)—under the control of the Maritime Board of Slupsk.
3. Western coastal region (including Zatoka Pomorska
Flag of Poland and Swinoujscie)—under the control of the harbormaster at
Szczecin.
Poland is governed by a directly-elected President who Any vessel requiring future icebreaker assistance must regis-
serves a renewable 5-year term. The bicameral National As- ter at the harbormaster’s office at least 24 hours in advance of
sembly is composed of the Sejm (lower chamber), consisting arriving or departing port. Ships not reinforced for ice, or hav-
of 460 members serving 4-year terms elected by a system of ing no valid ice certificate, will not be led to Szczecin harbor,
proportional representation, and the Senate (upper chamber), but can dock at Swinoujscie.
consisting of 100 directly-elected members serving 4-year Requests for icebreaking assistance should be made through
terms. the vessel’s agent, VTS Swinoujsce, VTS Szczecin, or directly
The legal system is based on a mixture of French civil law through the tug.
Polish Icebreaker Service—Contact Information

East Coast Region (Gdynia) Central Coast Region (Slupsk) West Coast Region (Szczecin)
48-586-202853 (0715-1515)
48-598-474258 48-914-403596
Telephone 48-583-353630 (0715-1515)
48-598-474232 48-914-330697
48-586-210705 (24 hours)
Pub. 140
Poland 563
Polish Icebreaker Service—Contact Information

East Coast Region (Gdynia) Central Coast Region (Slupsk) West Coast Region (Szczecin)
48-586-616051
Facsimile — —
48-586-200591 (24 hours)
[email protected]
(24 hours)
Web site http://www.umgdy.gov.pl — —
When ice cover exists in Polish waters, icebreaking opera- e. The coast in longitude 14°45'E.
tions take place, as follows: Within Area No. 10, the following areas have been swept in
1. Passage clearing and icebreaking by icebreakers in addition to the established routes:
ports, roads, anchorages, and navigable channels leading to 1. Sassnitz Approaches E of Rugen.—An area bounded
the facilities. by lines joining the following positions:
2. Emergency assistance to vessels unable to continue a. 54°31'N, 13°42'E.
with their voyages due to ice or to vessels in distress in ports, b. 54°36'N, 13°42'E.
roads, anchorages, and navigable channels. c. 54°32'N, 13°46'E.
3. Formation of convoys to lead vessels through the ice in 2. Swinoujscie Approaches E of Sassnitz.—An area
areas covered by icebreaking operations. bounded by lines joining the following positions:
When assisted by an icebreaker, vessels will maintain a con- a. 54°15'N, 14°12'E.
tinuous listening watch and communicate with the icebreaker b. 54°16'N, 14°10'E.
on the designated VHF channel. c. 54°31'N, 14°06'E.
d. 54°28'N, 14°08'E.
Industries e. 54°15'N, 14°12'E.
f. 54°20'N, 13°59'E.
The main industries are machine building, iron and steel, g. 54°24'N, 13°56'E.
coal mining, chemicals, shipbuilding, food processing, glass,
beverages, and textiles. Former Mine Danger Area No. 16
The main exports are machinery and transport equipment, This former NEMEDRI Danger Area is bounded by lines
manufactured goods, food, and livestock. The main export joining the following approximate positions:
trading partners are Germany, the United Kingdom, the Czech a. 54°13'N, 14°54'E.
Republic, and France. b. 54°17'N, 14°47'E.
The main imports are machinery and transport equipment, c. 54°26'N, 15°02'E.
manufactured goods, chemicals, minerals, fuels, and lubri- d. 54°22'N, 15°09'E.
cants. The main import-trading partners are Germany, China,
Russia, the Netherlands, and Italy. Former Mine Danger Area No. 19
This former NEMEDRI Danger Area is bounded by lines
Languages joining the following approximate positions:
a. 54°28'N, 19°39'E.
Polish is the official language. b. 54°30'N, 19°34'E.
c. 54°26'N, 19°14'E.
Meteorology d. 54°31'N, 18°57'E.
e. 54°29'N, 18°56'E.
Internet Weather Services f. 54°29'N, 18°57'E.
Baltic Sea and coastal waters forecasts/meteorological warn- g. 54°27'N, 18°54'E.
ings, in English and Polish, are available from the Marine h. 54°24'N, 18°54'E.
Branch of the Institute of Meteorology and Water Management i. 54°24'N, 18°59'E.
(http:www.baltyk.pogodynka.pl/index.php). j. 54°21'N, 19°00'E.
Within Area No. 19 is a swept route with its centerline join-
Mined Areas ing the following approximate positions:
a. 54°26'N, 19°13'E.
Former Mine Danger Area No. 10 b. 54°23'N, 19°08'E.
This former NEMEDRI Danger Area is enclosed by all wa- c. 54°23'N, 19°00'E.
ters S and W of lines joining the following positions: The route is 0.5 mile wide between positions a and b, and 0.3
a. 54°52'N, 13°25'E. mile wide between positions b and c.
b. 54°52'N, 13°48'E. a. 54°21'N, 18°55'E.
c. 54°07'N, 14°25'E. b. 54°23'N, 18°54'E.
d. 54°15'N, 14°45'E. c. 54°24'N, 18°48'E.
Pub. 140
564 Poland
d. 54°22'N, 18°48'E. 1. All vessels 40m long and over.
e. 54°25'N, 18°40'E. 2. All vessels carrying dangerous cargo regardless of
f. 54°25'N, 18°40'E. size.
g. 54°25'N, 18°39'E. 3. Any damaged vessel and any vessel which through ex-
h. 54°26'N, 18°39'E. ceptional circumstances may create a danger to navigation or
i. 54°26'N, 18°39'E. a threat to the environment.
j. 54°26'N, 18°39'E. If, because of severe weather conditions, the pilot cannot
k. 54°26'N, 18°39'E. come aboard the ship, then the pilot vessel may make the ap-
l. 54°27'N, 18°39'E. propriate signal from the International Code and lead the vessel
m. 54°27'N, 18°39'E. to a position where the pilot can safely board.
n. 54°27'N, 18°36'E. Incoming ships can communicate directly with the pilot sta-
o. 54°29'N, 18°36'E. tions at Swinoujscie, Szczecin, Gdynia, and Gdansk.
p. 54°31'N, 18°35'E. Deep-sea pilotage services for the Baltic Sea may be ordered
q. 54°31'N, 18°34'E. at least 24 hours in advance through the vessel’s agent or from
r. 54°31'N, 18°33'E. then along the coast to the pilot station at Szczecin/Swinoujscie or Gdynia/Gdansk.
s. 54°32'N, 18°34'E.
t. 54°35'N, 18°44'E.
u. 54°36'N, 18°50'E. Pollution
v. 54°38'N, 18°51'E.
w. 54°50'N, 18°38'E. MARPOL Special Area
x. 54°48'N, 18°27'E. The Baltic Sea, including the Gulf of Bothnia and the Gulf of
Finland, has been designated as a MARPOL Special Area.
Navigational Information MARPOL Special Areas are sea areas where special mandato-
ry methods for the prevention of oil pollution in the sea have
Enroute Volume been adopted.
Pub. 194, Sailing Directions (Enroute) Baltic Sea (Southern Further information can be found in North Atlantic
Part). Ocean—Pollution—MARPOL Special Areas.
This Special Area is under intensive surveillance for pollu-
Maritime Claims tion and violations of traffic rules. Further information on pol-
The maritime territorial claims of Poland are, as follows: lution reporting can be found in Baltic Sea—Pollution—
Regulations
Zone ** Advance Notice of Arrival
* Requires advance permission or notification for inno- Vessels en route to a Polish post must send the following in-
cent passage of warships in the territorial sea. Claims a formation to the port’s harbormaster:
closing line across the Gulf of Gdansk. 1. Vessel name, call sign, and IMO number.
2. Port of destination.
** Claims a fishing zone to the median line in the Baltic
3. ETA at port of destination.
Sea. The Exclusive Economic Zone is determined by lines
4. ETD from port of destination.
connecting extreme points of specified lateral limits.
5. Type and amount of cargo and information about any
hazardous or pollutant cargo. Tankers shall also supply the
Internet Maritime Safety Information following additional information:
Navigational warnings are available, in English, from the • The correct technical name of all hazardous cargo
Hydrographic Office of the Polish Navy at the following: on the vessel or to be loaded in port.
(http://www.hopn.mw.pl/index.php?akcja=on/hydrography). • The hazardous cargo’s UN Number (if any).
• Ignition temperature of the hazardous cargo.
Offshore Drilling • The amount and location on the vessel of the haz-
ardous cargo (in the case of non-gas-free tankers, the
Baltic Beta Oil Production Platform (55°29'N., 18°11'E.), amount does not have to be indicated once the hazardous
surrounded by a security zone with a radius of 2.5 miles, is lo- cargo has been transported).
cated in Oil Field B-3, about 39 miles N of Rozewie. A lighted • The full name and telephone number(s) of the ves-
SPM, designated CALM PB-2, is moored about 0.8 mile SSW sel’s agent.
of the platform; Platform PG-1 stands about 1.25 miles SW of 6. Dates of validity of the financial insurance certificate
the platform. (for tankers transporting more than 2,000 tons of oil as car-
go).
Pilotage 7. Number of persons on board.
The information described above should be sent 24 hours in
Pilotage is compulsory for all ships, including harbor move- advance except, as follows:
ments, with some exceptions, as follows: 1. Tankers carrying a hazardous or not gas-free—72
Pub. 140
Poland 565
hours. European Union Dangerous and Polluting Cargo Notifica-

2. Gas-free tankers—48 hours. tion
3. If the previous port is less than 24 hours sailing time, Under European Union (EU) Directive 2002/59/EC, as
the notification should be send no later than when the vessel amended by EU Directive 2009/17/EC, any vessel over 300
departs the previous port. gross tons and any vessel carrying dangerous or polluting cargo
4. If the port of destination is not known or if it changes bound to or leaving from EU ports should report to the relevant
during the voyage, the notification should be sent immedi- port authority at least 24 hours in advance.
ately. For further information, see Baltic Sea—Regulations—Eu-
After the vessel arrives in the roadstead, the vessel should ropean Union Dangerous and Polluting Cargo Notifica-
contact the harbormaster on the appropriate VHF channel to re- tions.
quest permission to enter the port. The following information
shall be sent with the request: Recommendation on Baltic Sea Navigation
1. Vessel name, call sign, and IMO number. The IMO has issued recommendations regarding vessel tran-
2. Length overall, beam, draft, and tonnage of the vessel sits of the entrances to the Baltic Sea. For further information,
in accordance with the International Tonnage Certificate. see Baltic Sea—Regulations.
3. Type and amount of cargo and information about any
hazardous or pollutant cargo. Particularly Sensitive Sea Areas (PSSA)
4. Vessel’s agent. The Baltic Sea area of Sweden, Denmark, Finland, Estonia,
5. Last port-of-call. Lithuania, Latvia, Poland, and Germany (except for waters un-
6. Other information required by the harbormaster. der Russian jurisdiction) has been declared by the IMO to be a
Vessels or their authorized agents must, upon arrival in the PSSA.
port, provide notification of arrival via the Polish Harbor Infor- A PSSA is an area that requires special protection because of
mation and Control System (PHICS). its vulnerability to damage caused by marine activities. Vessels
Polish Harbor Information and Control System
rine organisms in it. No waste should be discharged overboard.
(PHICS) Home Page
https://agent.phics.gov.pl
Search and Rescue
In order to obtain the username and password to access The Polish Maritime Search and Rescue Service consists of
PHICS, users are requested to contact the PHICS coordinator a Maritime Rescue Coordination Center (MRCC) in Gdynia
by e-mail ([email protected]). and a Maritime Rescue Coordination Subcenter (MRSC) at
Vessels equipped with AIS must immediately notify the har- Swinoujscie. They can be contacted, as follows:
bormaster and the VTS service should the AIS equipment be 1. MRCC Gdynia
turned off. a. Telephone: 48-58-6205551
Outbound vessels may not cast off or depart any Polish port 48-58-6216811
without prior permission from the harbormaster. The following 48-505-050971 (mobile)
information must be sent to the harbormaster on VHF immedi- b. Facsimile: 48-58-6607640
ately before departure to obtain the required permission: c. E-mail: [email protected]
1. Vessel name, call sign, and IMO number. 2. MRSC Swinoujscie
2. Current draft. a. Telephone: 48-91-3215929
3. Next port-of-call. 48-91-3214917
4. Number of persons on board. 48-505-050969 (mobile)
5. Information about hazardous or polluting cargo. b. Facsimile: 48-91-3215929
48-91-3216042
Quarantine c. E-mail: [email protected]
Quarantine messages should be addressed to the State Bor- Witowo Coast Radio Station (SPS) maintains a continuous
der Sanitary Inspector followed by the port name (Gdynia, listening watch on international distress frequencies and can be
Swinoujscie, Szczecin, or Elblag). The message should be send contacted, as follows:
12 hours to 4 hours prior to the vessel’s ETA. 1. Telephone: 48-59-8109425
2. Facsimile: 48-59-8109451
European Union Expanded Inspection (EI) Notification 3. E-mail: [email protected]
ropean Union has introduced a mandatory reporting system for The Polish Maritime Search and Rescue Service can be con-
vessels arriving at or departing from a port or anchorage in the tacted, as follows:
EU region. 1. Telephone: 48-58-6615222
The reports should be sent to the local competent authority 2. Facsimile: 48-58-6205338
in accordance with Polish law. 3. E-mail: [email protected]
For further information, see North Atlantic Ocean—Regu- 4. Web site: http://www.sar.gov.pl
lations—European Union Expanded Inspection (EI) Notifi- Fully-equipped rescue craft are located, as follows:
cation. 1. Swinoujscie (53°55'N., 14°16'E.).
Pub. 140
566 Poland
2. Trzebiez (53°40'N., 14°31'E.). a. By day.—Three black balls in a vertical line.
3. Dziwnow (54°01'N., 14°46'E.). b. By night.—Three red lights in a vertical line.
4. Kolobrzeg(54°11'N., 15°33'E.). 2. Entrance Prohibited:
5. Darlowo (54°26'N., 16°23'E.). a. By day.—Three black balls in a vertical line.
6. Ustka (54°35'N., 16°52'E.). b. By night.—A white light between two red lights in a
7. Leba (54°46'N., 17°33'E.). vertical line.
8. Wladyslawowo (54°25'N., 18°25'E.). 3. Departure Prohibited:
9. Hel (54°36'N., 18°48'E.). a. By day.—A black cone, point up, between two
10. Gdynia (54°32'N., 18°33'E.). black cones, points down, in a vertical line.
11. Gorki Wschodnie (54°21'N., 18°48'E.). b. By night.—A white light between two green lights
12. Swibno (54°20'N., 18°56'E.). in a vertical line.
13. Tolmicko (54°20'N., 19°32'E.). 4. Entry and Departure Prohibited and Harbor Move-
14. Sztutowo (54°20'N., 19°11'E.). ments Prohibited:
Further information on the Polish Maritime Search and Res- a. By day.—Two black cones, points together, over a
cue Service can be found on the following web site: black ball in a vertical line
b. By night.—A white light with a green light above it
Polish Maritime Search and Rescue Service and a red light below it.
Home Page
http://www.sar.gov.pl Storm Signals
Storm signals are shown in Poland in cases of actual or fore-
casted winds greater than force 4 as indicated in the accompa-
Ship Reporting System nying table titled Poland—Storm Signals.
GDANREP Special Services Ships

GDANREP is a mandatory reporting system co-located with Ships of Special State Services display their service flags, by
the Gulf of Gdansk Vessel Traffic Service. The system covers day, where best seen. At night, a green light is shown above the
the territorial and internal waters of Poland in the Gulf of light on the foremast.
Gdansk S of 54°45'N, between the Reporting Line and the Pol- Citizens’ Militia vessels, while on duty, show a blue all
ish coast. around light located above the white light on the foremast.
Further information can be found in Pub. 194, Sailing Direc- Customs vessels display a white pennant with a green border
tions (Enroute) Baltic Sea (Southern Part). and show two green lights over a white light from the mast-
head.
Signals Border Patrol Ships while on duty, in order to apprehend an-
other vessel, may, by day, fire two green flares; at night, two
Vessels may determine whether a port is open for entry or green lights in a vertical line may be shown. This signal means
departure by contacting the Captain of the Port by VHF radio- “Border Patrol, stop your engines.”
telephone. A special state service ship desiring to stop another vessel
will sound two long and two short blasts.
Port Closed
In case of an emergency, the following signal indicates that Submarine Operating Areas
entrance into the port is absolutely prohibited:
1. By day.—Three black balls in a vertical line. Polish submarines on the surface show lights prescribed by
2. By night.—Three red lights in a vertical line. international regulations, including an all round orange light
showing about 100 flashes per minute and visible for 3 miles.
Traffic Signals Ships convoying and exercising with Polish submarines dis-
The following signals are normally shown from a mast at the play “NE 2” by day, and at night three blue lights are shown
harbormaster’s office: vertically on the yardarm of the mast in addition to all other
1. Port Closed: prescribed lights.
Poland—Storm Signals
Event Day signal Night signal
Strong winds, Force 4-5 A yellow cylinder A green light over a white light
Gales—Force 6 A black ball A white light over a green light.
Northwest storm—Force 8 A black cone, point up Two red lights
Southwest storm A black cone, point down Two white lights
Northeast storm Two black cones, points up A red light over a white light
Southeast storm Two black cones, points down A white light over a red light
Pub. 140
Poland 567
Poland—Storm Signals
Event Day signal Night signal
A green light between two red
Hurricane—Force 12 A black cross
lights in a vertical line
Note.—A red flag shown with any of the storm signals indicates the wind is veering. Two red flags
shown with any of the storm signals indicates the wind is backing.
Polish submarines are equipped with salvage and telephone 1. Gulf of Gdansk West. (IMO adopted)
buoys. Salvage buoys are spherical, painted in white and red 2. Gulf of Gdansk East. (IMO adopted)
checks; telephone buoys are can-shaped, painted in red and 3. Adlergrund. (IMO adopted)
white checks. Both buoys have green double collars between 4. Shupska Bank (Lawicka Slupska). (IMO adopted)
which a cable is wound.
A salvage buoy, if found, should not be touched. Its position U.S. Embassy
should be reported by radio to the Commander of the Polish
Naval Authority, Gdynia. The U.S. Embassy is situated at Aleje Ujazdowskie 29/31,
The name of the submarine is painted on both buoys. The 00-540 Warsaw.
telephone buoy has two position lights and instructions in Pol- The mailing address is American Embassy Warsaw, US De-
ish, English, and German. partment of State, Washington, DC (20521-5010).
The position and any telephone communication received
from the submarine should be reported to the Commander of
U. S. Embassy Poland Home Page
the Polish Naval Authority, Gdynia. Great care must be taken
to avoid damaging the cables. http://pl.usembassy.gov
Time Zone Vessel Traffic Service

The Time Zone description is ALFA (-1). Daylight Savings Vessel Traffic Services are in operation, as follows:
Time (BRAVO (-2)) is observed from the last Sunday in March 1. Gulf of Gdansk (54°28'N., 19°00'E.).
until the last Sunday in October. 2. Szczecin/Swinoujscie (53°49'N., 14°29'E.).
3. Utska Vessel Traffic Management Service (54°35'N.,
Traffic Separation Schemes 16°51'E.).
Traffic Separation Schemes in Poland are, as follows: (Enroute) Baltic Sea (Southern Part).
Pub. 140
569
PORTUGAL
General 569 Signals 574

Areas to be Avoided 570 Submarine Operating Areas 574
Buoyage System 570 Time Zone 575
Cautions 570 Traffic Separation Schemes 575
Currency 570 U.S. Embassy 575
Firing Areas 570 Vessel Traffic Service 575
Fishing Areas 570 Appendix I—Submarine Operating Areas 577
Government 571 Appendix II—Scooping Operations Areas 581
Holidays 571
Industries 572 General
Languages 572
Meteorology 572 Portugal is located in Southwest Europe, bordering the North
Navigational Information 572 Atlantic Ocean, W of Spain.
Pilotage 572 The climate is marine temperate being cool and rainy in the
Pollution 572 N, and warmer and drier in the S.
Regulations 573 The terrain is mountainous N of Tagus, with rolling plains in
Search and Rescue 573 the S.
Ship Reporting System 574 The Arquipelago dos Acores (Azores Islands), in the North
Pub. 140
570 Portugal
Atlantic Ocean, constitutes an autonomous region of Portugal. Local magnetic anomalies are located in Archipelago de Ma-
The principal islands of the group are Flores, Corvo, Terceira, deira, as follows:
Sao Jorge, Pico, Faial, Graciosa, Sao Miguel, and Santa Maria. 1. Off Islas Selvagens.
Madeira and Porto Santo, two inhabited islands, form an au- 2. Off Porto do Funchal.
tonomous region of Portugal. They lie, along with two groups Local magnetic anomalies are located in Archipelago de
of barren islets, in the North Atlantic Ocean to the SE of the Acores, as follows:
Arquipelago dos Acores. 1. In the vicinity of Porto de Ponta Delgade (37°44'N.,
25°39'W.).
Areas to be Avoided 2. In the vicinity of Porto de Angra Heroismo (38°39'N.,
27°13'W.).
An IMO-adopted Area to be Avoided encloses Islas de Ber- 3. In the vicinity of Porto de Horta (38°32'N., 28°37'W.).
lengas. This area is bounded by the coast and lines joining the
following positions: Currency
a. 39°20'00''N, 9°21'30''W. (coast)
b. 39°20'00''N, 9°42'12''W. The official unit of currency is the Euro, consisting of 100
c. 39°30'00''N, 9°42'12''W. cents.
d. 39°30'00''N, 9°21'15''W. (coast)
All vessels greater than 300 gross tons shall avoid transiting Firing Areas
this area, with the exception of authorized vessels navigating
between Portuguese ports and not carrying dangerous cargo or Espinho Firing Danger Zone.—An area bounded by lines
other harmful substances. joining the following positions:
a. 41°00'10.9''N, 8°40'47.8''W.
Buoyage System b. 40°59'11.2''N, 8°38'36.9''W.
c. 40°59'06.0''N, 8°38'37.7''W.
The IALA Buoyage System (Region A) is in effect. See d. 40°58'54.9''N, 8°41'07.3''W.
Chart No. 1 for further IALA Buoyage System information. This area must be considered dangerous on Mondays and
Fridays from 0800 until 1800. Exercises may also be conduct-
Cautions ed on Saturdays and Sundays, but prior warning will be given.
Figuera da Foz Firing Danger Zone.—An area bounded,
Scooping Operations Areas as follows:
Scooping Operations Areas are water areas where fire-fight- a. On the N—latitude 40°06.8N.
ing seaplanes land to fill up with water. These areas may be lo- b. On the W—longitude 8°54.5'W.
cated at sea, on rivers, or in reservoirs where such operations c. On the S—latitude 40°05.5'N.
may be safely conducted. d. On the E—by the coastline.
The National Command for Rescue Operations and the Port This area must be considered dangerous during the following
Harbormaster of the activated scooping operations area are re- times:
sponsible for the process of activating the scooping operations 1. Monday, Thursday, and Friday—from 0800 until 1800.
area. The appropriate harbormaster will: 2. Tuesday and Wednesday—from 0800 until 1800 and
1. Issue a warning to shipping on VHF channel 16. from 2100 until 2300.
2. Institute procedures to exclude shipping from the 3. Sunday—from 0800 until 1300, except for the months
scooping operations area of September and November, when it is dangerous from
Mariners shall not enter the area while scooping operations 0800 until 2000.
are in progress. The duration of these restrictions are not usual- Ericiera Firing Danger Zone.—An area bounded by lines
ly known initially. The harbormaster will broadcast an end to joining the following positions:
the restrictions on VHF channel 16 or by other appropriate a. 39°02'N, 9°23'W.
means. b. 39°02'N, 9°38'W.
Further information on authorized Scooping Operations Ar- c. 39°58'N, 9°38'W.
eas can be found in the table located in Appendix II—Scooping d. 39°58'N, 9°23'W.
Operations Areas. Bahia de Setubal Firing Danger Zone.—An area bounded,
as follows:
Magnetic Anomalies a. On the N—latitude 39°19.7'N.
Local magnetic anomalies have been reported off the main- b. On the W—longitude 8°54'W.
land coast of Portugal, as follows: c. On the S—latitude 38°12.7'N.
1. Within 1 mile of Cabo de Sao Vicente (37°01'N., d. On the E—by the coastline.
9°00'W.).
2. About 30 miles NW of Cabo de Sao Vicente. Fishing Areas
3. In the vicinity of position 41°40'N, 9°56'W.
4. In an area between Cabo Raso (38°42.6'N., 9°29.2'W.) Tunny Fishing
and Guia Light, 2 miles NW, compass variation may be in- For general information on tunny fishing, see Spain—Fish-
creased by up to 5° or decreased by up to 3°. ing Areas.
Pub. 140
Portugal 571
Tunny Net Markings Foz (40°09'N., 8°52'W.).

In Portuguese waters, each tunny net, when submerged, is 7. Peninsula de Peniche (39°22'N., 9°24'W.).
usually marked, as follows: 8. Lisboa (38°42'N., 9°10'W.).
1. By day—A boat or buoy surmounted by a white flag 9. Porto de Sines (37°57'N., 8°52'W.).
with a black “A” in its center marks the outer end of the net; 10. Sesimbra (38°27'N., 9°06'W.).
a boat or buoy with a similar flag marks the center of the net. 11. Porto de Setubal (38°31'N., 8°53'W.).
2. By night—A white light over a red light is shown from
the central boat or buoy; the outer boat or buoy shows a red Xavegas
light over a white light. Xavegas (open fishing boats) may be encountered operating
close offshore off the beaches fronting the many small fishing
Areas of Intensive Fishing communities situated along the coast of Portugal.
The government of Portugal has declared the following to be
areas of intensive fishing: Government
1. An area between the parallels 41°45'N and 40°10'N,
the coast, and the 200m curve.
the coast, and the meridian 9°45'W.
the 250m curve, and the 400m curve.
the coast, and the 200m curve.
5. An area between the parallels 37°45'N and 37°55'N
and the meridians 9°20'W and 9°05'W.
and the meridians 9°05'W and 9°00'W.
and the meridians 9°10'W and 9°00'W. Flag of Portugal
and the meridians 9°20'W and 9°10'W. Portugal is a republic. The country is divided into 18 districts
9. An area between the parallel 37°10'N and the meridi- and two autonomous regions.
an 8°50'W, extending up to 6 miles off the coast. Portugal is governed by a directly-elected President serving
10. An area in the vicinity of position 36°48'N, 9°05'W. a maximum of two consecutive 5-year terms. The unicameral
11. An area between the meridians 9°00'W and 7°25'W, Assembly of the Republic consists of 230 members, serving 5-
the coast, and the 200m curve. year terms, who are directly elected under a system of propor-
12. An area between the 200m curve and the 600m curve tional representation.
bounded by the parallel 38°00'N and the meridian 7°25'W. The legal system is based on civil law.
13. The entire coastal area of the Algarve extending off- The capital is Lisbon.
shore as far as the 40m curve.
Anchored nets, lines, and other gear are marked by spar Holidays
buoys, about 2m high, displaying a flag and radar reflector,
with a white light shown at night. The following holidays are observed:
It is recommended that vessels keep a sharp lookout when
approaching or crossing these areas in order to avoid damage January 1 New Year’s Day
to vessels or fishing gear. Shrove Tuesday/Carnival Variable
Archipelago de Madeira Holy Thursday Variable
Local fishing grounds are located, as follows: Good Friday Variable
1. Off the S and E coasts of Isla de Madeira.
2. Off Ilha do Porto Santo: Easter Sunday Variable
a. 1 and 2 miles N of Ilheu de Cima. Easter Monday Variable
b. 0.5 mile SE of Ilheu de Fora.
April 25 Liberation Day
Principal Fishing Ports May 1 Labor Day
Concentrations of fishing vessels may be found in the ap-
proaches to the following ports, listed from N to S:
1. Viana do Castelo (41°41'N., 8°50'W.). June 9 Espirito Santo Day (Azores
2. Porto de Esposende (41°32'N., 8°47'W.). only)
3. Porto da Povoade Varzim (41°22'N., 8°46'W.). June 10 Portugal Day
4. Porto de Leixoes (41°11'N., 8°42'W.).
5. Ria de Aveiro (40°39'N., 8°45'W.). June 13 St. Anthony’s Day (Lisbon
6. Porto de Nazare (39°36'N., 9°05'W.).to da Figueia da only)
Pub. 140
572 Portugal
July 1 Funchal Day (Funchal only) Continental Shelf Depth of 200m or the Limit
of Exploitation.
* Has established straight baselines for various areas
October 5 Republic Day
along the continental coast of Portugal, as well as Arqui-
November 1 All Saints’ Day pelago dos Acores and Madeira. Claims the Tagus estuary
December 1 Independence of Portugal and the Sado estuary, as well as their associated bays, as
historic waters.
December 24 Christmas Eve
December 25 Christmas Day Pilotage
Pilotage is compulsory at nearly all Portuguese ports. There
Industries is usually a properly organized pilot service at the larger ports
and licensed pilots at the smaller ones.
The main industries are textiles, clothing, footwear, wood The pilot stations at Lisboa and Setubal are equipped with
and cork, paper, chemicals, auto parts manufacturing, base radio; the pilot vessel at Lisboa is equipped with a telephone.
metals, dairy products, wine and other foods, porcelain and ce- Pilot vessels do not generally cruise off the entrances to
ramics, glassware, technology, telecommunications, ship con- ports. At the larger ports, communication with the pilots is usu-
struction and refurbishment, and tourism. ally established by radio, either through the port authority or
The main exports are agricultural products, food products, direct. At the smaller ports ships, should approach the harbor
wine, oil products, chemical products, plastics and rubber, mouth, making the usual signal for a ship requiring a pilot.
hides, leather, wood and cork, wood pulp and paper, textile ma- Pilot boats are generally painted black or gray, with the letter
terials, clothing, footwear, machinery, and base metals. The P in white on each bow or the word “Pilotos” in white on the
main export-trading partners are Spain, France, Germany, sides. By day pilot vessels generally display a white flag with a
France, the United Kingdom, and the United States. blue border with the letter P in the center. At night they display
The main imports are agricultural products, chemical prod- the lights prescribed by 72 COLREGS.
ucts, vehicles and other transport material, optical and preci-
sion instruments, computer accessories and parts, semi-
conductors and related devices, oil products, base metals, food, Pollution
and textiles. The main import-trading partners are Spain, Ger-
many, France, Italy, and the Netherlands. Any pollution report should be sent without delay to Servico
de Combate a Poluicao do Mar por Hidrocarbonetos (SCPMH)
Languages or MRCC Lisboa, as follows:
1. SCPMH
Portuguese and Mirandese (locally used) are the official lan- a. Telephone: 351-213-469221 (0900-1700 UTC)
guages. 351-917-592700 (after office hours)
b. Facsimile: 351-213-469221
Meteorology 351-213-3424137
Weather forecasts for Portugal, the Arquipelago dos Acores, 2. MRCC Lisboa
and Madeira are available in Portuguese and English from the a. Telephone: 351-214-401919
Instituto Portugues do Mar e da Atmosfera at the following: b. Facsimile: 351-214-401954
(http://www.ipma.pt). The report should include the following information:
1. Name of reporting vessel.
Navigational Information 2. Date and time of observation (UTC).
3. Geographic coordinates and/or the name of the area.
Enroute Volume 4. Identification of the pollution source (type and name
Pub. 143, Sailing Directions (Enroute) West Coast of Europe of vessel, flag, IMO number, and/or other identification).
and Northwest Africa. 5. Description of incident/accident that caused the pollu-
tion.
Maritime Claims 6. Type of substance.
The maritime territorial claims of Portugal, including the Ar- 7. Estimated quantity (liters, cubic meters).
quipelago dos Acores and Madeira, are, as follows: 8. Viscosity level (low, medium, high).
9. Type of spill (continuous, partial, or intermittent).
Territorial Sea * 12 miles. 10. Wind direction and strength.
11. Wave direction and height.
Contiguous Zone 24 miles. 12. Rain (yes/no).
Fisheries or Economic 200 miles. 13. Name of person making the report.
Zone 14. Any further information.
Pub. 140
Portugal 573
Regulations operating in or near such an area should exercise the utmost

European Union Expanded Inspection (EI) Notification rine organisms in it. No waste should be discharged overboard.
Under European Union (EU) Directive 2009/16/EC, the Eu- The Western Europe Tanker Reporting System (WETREP)
ropean Union has introduced a mandatory reporting system for was instituted to help protect the environment of the PSSA.
EU region. Approved Anchorages
The report should be sent to the port authorities. Approved anchorages are located in the following ports:
For further information, see North Atlantic Ocean—Regu- 1. Viana do Castelo (41°41'N., 8°50'W.).
lations—European Union Expanded Inspection (EI) Notifi- 2. Leixoes (41°11'N., 8°42'W.).
cation. 3. Aveiro (40°39'N., 8°45'W.).
4. Figueira da Foz (40°09'N., 8°52'W.).
European Union Dangerous and Polluting Cargo Notifica- 5. Baia de Cascais (38°42'N., 9°25'W.).
tion 6. Lisboa (38°42'N., 9°11'W.).
Under European Union (EU) Directive 2002/59/EC, as 7. Setubal (38°30'N., 8°55'W.).
amended by EU Directive 2009/17/EC, any vessel over 300 8. Sines (37°57'N., 8°52'W.).
gross tons and any vessel carrying dangerous or polluting cargo 9. Lagos (37°09'N., 8°40'W.).
bound to or leaving from EU ports should report to the relevant 10. Portimao (37°07'N., 8°31'W.).
port authority at least 24 hours in advance. 11. Faro-Olhao (37°00'N., 7°55'W.).
For further information, see Baltic Sea—Regulations—Eu- 12. Vila Real de Santo Antonio (37°12'N., 7°25'W.).
ropean Union Dangerous and Polluting Cargo Notifica-
tions. Search and Rescue
Quarantine The Portuguese navy is responsible for coordinating search
Vessels en route to ports on the Portuguese mainland which and rescue operations.
have on board a person showing symptoms of fever suspected Due to the large volume of traffic off the Portuguese coasts,
to be contagious should send a quarantine message either di- search and rescue operations are divided into the Lisboa Re-
rectly to the Port Health Authority (addressed to “Sanidade gion, for the coast of Portugal, and the Santa Maria Region, for
Maritima [name of port]”) or through the agent. If a quarantine the waters surrounding the Arquipelago dos Acores. Maritime
message is not justified, free pratique can be requested. Rescue Coordination Centers (MRCC) are located at MRCC
Messages for ports on the Portuguese mainland should be Lisboa (Portugal) and MRCC Ponta Delgada (Arquipelago dos
sent 15 hours to 4 hours before the vessel’s ETA. All messages Acores). A Maritime Rescue Coordination Subcenter (MRSC)
should be in Portuguese, French, English, or the International is located at MRSC Funchal (Madeira).
Code of Signals. The MRCCs and the MRSC can be contacted, as follows:
Lisboa Port Health Authority maintains a listening watch on 1. MRCC Lisboa
VHF channel 80 from 0700 to 2000. a. Telephone: 351-214-401919 (emergency)
Vessels en route to Madeira (Funchal, Canical, and Porto 351-214-401950
Santo) should send a standard quarantine message, 24 hours b. Facsimile: 351-214-401954
prior to arrival, addressed to their agent. If unavailable, the c. E-mail: [email protected]
message is sent to “Port Authority Administration.” 2. MRCC Ponta Delgada
Quarantine messages should contain the following informa- a. Telephone: 351-296-281777 (emergency)
tion: 351-917-777461
1. Name of vessel. b. Facsimile: 351-296-205239
2. ETA. c. E-mail: [email protected]
3. Port of departure. 3. MRSC Funchal
4. Time and date of departure. a. Telephone: 351-291-213112 (emergency)
5. Last port of call. 351-919-678140
6. Number of cases of illness on board during the pre- b. Facsimile: 351-291-228232
ceding 2 weeks, with details of the illness. c. E-mail: [email protected]
7. Number of deaths on board during the voyage which A network of coast radio stations maintains a listening watch
were not the result of accidents. on 2182 kHz and VHF channel 16 for distress traffic. MRCC
8. Number of sick persons to be disembarked. Lisboa maintains a continuous mainland listening watch on
VHF channel 16.
Particularly Sensitive Sea Areas (PSSA)
The waters off the W coast of the United Kingdom, Ireland, Rescue Craft
Belgium, France, Spain, and Portugal, from the Sheltand Is- Along the coast of Portugal, lifeboats are stationed at the fol-
lands in the N to Cabo San Vicente in the S, including the En- lowing locations:
glish Channel, were granted (2004) the status of PSSA by the 1. Viana do Castelo (41°41'N., 8°50'W.).
International Maritime Organization. 2. Esposende (41°32'N., 8°47'W.).
A PSSA is an area that requires special protection because of 3. Apulia (41°29'N., 8°47'W.).
its vulnerability to damage caused by marine activities. Vessels 4. Povoa de Varzim (41°23'N., 8°46'W.).
Pub. 140
574 Portugal
5. Vila do Conde (41°21'N., 8°44'W.). a mandatory reporting system, is in effect. The Reporting Area
6. Vila Cha (41°18'N., 8°44'W.). covers the waters off Belgium; the W coast and English Chan-
7. Angeiras (41°16'N., 8°44'W.). nel coasts of France; Ireland; Portugal; the N and W coasts of
8. Leixoes (41°11'N., 8°42'W.). Spain; and the English Channel and W coasts of the United
9. Porto do Douro (41°09'N., 8°37'W.). Kingdom, including the Shetland Isles.
10. Aguda (41°03'N., 8°39'W.). Further information on WETREP can be found in North At-
11. Aveiro (40°39'N., 8°45'W.). lantic Ocean—Ship Reporting System.
12. Figueira da Foz (40°09'N., 8°52'W.).
13. Nazare (39°36'N., 9°05'W.). Signals
14. Sao Martinho do Porto (39°30'N., 9°08'W.).
15. Peniche (39°21'N., 9°22'W.). Several signal stations with which vessels can communicate
16. Ericeira (38°58'N., 9°25'W.). by International Code stand along the Portuguese coast.
17. Lisboa (38°42'N., 9°11'W.). The International Storm Warning Signals are in use in Portu-
18. Sesimbra (38°26'N., 9°07'W.). gal, as shown in the accompanying table titled Portugal—
19. Sines (37°57'N., 8°52'W.). Storm Warning Signals.
20. Vila Nova de Milfontes (37°43'N., 8°47'W.). In the Arquipelago dos Acores, the following signals may be
21. Baleeira (37°01'N., 8°56'W.). shown when a hurricane is imminent:
22. Ferragudo (37°07'N., 8°31'W.). 1. Day signal—Two black triangles, vertically disposed,
23. Cabo de Santa Maria (36°58'N., 7°52'W.). bases together.
24. Fuzeta (37°03'N., 7°45'W.). 2. Night signal—Two red lights, horizontally disposed.
25. Tavira (37°5'08., 7°39'W.).
26. Vila Real de Santo Antonio (37°11'N., 7°25'W.). Submarine Operating Areas
Lifeboats are stationed in Arquipelago de Acores at the fol-
lowing locations: Portuguese submarines may be met on the surface at night
1. Ponta Delgada (37°44'N., 25°40'W.). between Cabo da Roca and Cabo de Sines; they frequently ex-
2. Angra de Heroismo (38°39'N., 27°13'W.). ercise in the SW approach to Rio Tejo, and S of Ilha da Sao
Miguel in the Arquipelago dos Acores.
Portuguese submarines also operate, both on the surface and
Off the Coast of Portugal Ship Reporting System (CO- submerged, in the area extending NE from Madeira to Porto
PREP) Santo.
The Off the Coast of Portugal Ship Reporting System (CO- Portuguese submarines operating on the surface display an
PREP) is a mandatory ship reporting system. The Reporting all round flashing amber light showing 94 flashes per minute.
Area extends a maximum distance of about 60 miles off the W Notifications of submarine exercises are given on the first
coast of Portugal S of latitude 39°45'N and a maximum dis- day of each month.
tance of about 45 miles off the S coast of Portugal W of longi- Submarines frequently exercise in an area bounded, as fol-
tude 8°30'W. lows:
Further information on COPREP can be found in Pub. 143, 1. North limit—Spanish territorial waters.
Sailing Directions (Enroute) West Coast of Europe and North- 2. East limit—longitude 6°40.0'W.
west Coast of Africa. 3. South limit—latitude 36°00.0'N.
4. West limit—longitude 8°35.0'W.
Western Europe Tanker Reporting System (WETREP) Chartlets depicting Portuguese submarine operating areas
The Western Europe Tanker Reporting System (WETREP), are found in Appendix I—Submarine Operating Areas.
Portugal—Storm Warning Signals

Signal No. Meaning Day signal Night signal Remarks
Wind of force 8 or greater be- Black triangle, point Two red lights, vertically
1
ginning in the NW quadrant up disposed
Wind of force 8 or greater be- Black triangle, point Two white lights, vertical-
2
ginning in the SW quadrant down ly disposed
Two black triangles,
Wind of force 8 or greater be- One red light over one
3 points up, vertically
ginning in the NE quadrant white light
disposed
Two black triangles,
Wind of force 8 or greater be- One white light over one
4 points down,
ginning in the SE quadrant red light
vertically disposed
Pub. 140
Portugal 575
Portugal—Storm Warning Signals

Signal No. Meaning Day signal Night signal Remarks
One green light between
Wind of force 12 in any direc-
5 Black cross two red lights, vertically
tion
disposed
Wind of force 7 in any direc- One white light over one
6 Black ball
tion green light
7 Wind veering One black flag — See Note 1
Two black flags,
8 Wind backing — See Note 1
vertically disposed
Wave heights of 2m or greater
9 Black cylinder One green light See Note 2
are expected from the SE
Note 1—Only used by day. The signals are used to supplement Signal Nos. 1 through 6 and are shown on the
opposite side.
Note 2—Only used on the S coast of the Algarve.

1. Portugal address—
The Time Zone description for mainland Portugal is ZULU. Apartado 43033
Daylight Savings Time (ALFA (-1)) is observed from the last 1601-301 Lisboa
Sunday in March until the last Sunday in October. 2. U. S. address—
The Time Zone description for the Arquipelago dos Acores
PSC 83
is NOVEMBER (+1). Daylight Savings Time (ZULU) is ob- APO AE (09762)
served from the last Sunday in March until the last Sunday in
October.
The Time Zone description for Madeira is ZULU. Daylight U. S. Embassy Portugal Home Page
Savings Time (ALFA (-1)) is observed from the last Sunday in http://pt.usembassy.gov
March until the last Sunday in October.
Traffic Separation Schemes Vessel Traffic Service

Traffic Separation Schemes (TSS) in Portugal are, as fol- Vessel Traffic Services are in operation, as follows:
lows: 1. Aveiro (40°39'N., 8°46'W.).
1. Off Cabo da Roca. (IMO adopted) 2. Leixoes (41°10'N., 8°42'W.).
2. Off Cabo de Sao Vicente. (IMO adopted) 3. Lisboa (32°42'N., 9°09'W.).
4. Setubal (38°31'N., 8°53'W.).
U.S. Embassy 5. Sines (37°57'N., 8°52'W.).
6. Portugal Coastal VTS (40°00'N., 10°00'W.).
The U.S. Embassy is situated at Avenida das Forcas Arma- For further information, see Pub. 143, Sailing Directions
das, 1600-081 Lisbon. (Enroute) West Coast of Europe and Northwest Africa.
Pub. 140
Appendix I—Submarine Operating Areas
Portugal
Pub. 140
Courtesy Instituto Hidrografico Portugal

Portugal—Submarine Operating Areas off Isla da Madeira
577
578
Pub. 140
Portugal
Portugal—Submarine Operating Areas off the W and S coasts of Portugal
Portugal
Portugal—Submarine Operating Areas in Arquipelago de Acores
Pub. 140
579
Portugal 581
Appendix II—Scooping Operations Areas
Portugal—Scooping Operations Areas

Maritime Jurisdiction Limits of Scooping Operations
Remarks
(Harbormaster) Areas
Caminha Rio Minho Caminha—Position
41°52'30'N, 8°51'00''W.
Rio Minho Valenca—Position
42°01'05''N, 8°39'26''W.
Rio Minho Lanhelas—Position
41°54'55''N, 8°47'25''W.
Rio Minho Cerveira—Position
41°56'00''N, 8°45'20''W.
Viano do Castelo An area bounded by lines joining the
a. 41°40'46.0''N, 8°50'42.0''W.
b. 41°40'49.1''N, 8°50'18.3''W.
c. 41°40'13.6''N, 8°50'10.0''W.
d. 41°40'10.5''N, 8°50'33.6''W.
A line joining the following posi-
tions:
a. 41°41'03.1''N, 8°50'11.3''W. A 055°-235° orientation in depths of greater than 7m.
b. 41°41'27.2''N, 8°49'26.7''W. All commercial and leisure navigation is prohibited
in the navigable channel of the Rio from this area during scooping operations.
Lima between Buoy No. 6 and Buoy
No. 11.
Vila do Conde When sea conditions and seaplane characteristics al-
No rivers or lakes available for use. low, the entire legally-defined sea area adjacent to the
coast can be used.
Povoa de Varzim When sea conditions and seaplane characteristics al-
No rivers or lakes available for use. low, the entire legally-defined sea area adjacent to the
coast can be used.
Leixoes An area bounded by lines joining the
a. 41°14'55.6''N, 8°45'17.2''W. A N-S orientation in depths of greater than 20m. A
b. 41°14'55.6''N, 8°45'05.2''W. pre-warning of 1 hour is normally given.
c. 41°13'37.6''N, 8°45'05.2''W.
d. 41°13'37.6''N, 8°45'17.2''W.
Douro Lomba—Position 41°02'58''N,
8°25'13''W.
Relva—Position 41°02'32''N,
8°20'36''W.
Carrapatelo—Position 41°05'30''N,
8°05'00''W.
Caldas de Aregos—Position
41°06'20''N, 8°00'00''W.
Regua—Position 41°08'40''N,
7°41'30''W.
Mos—Position 41°07'30'NE,
7°11'00''W.
Entre-os-rios—Position 41°04'07''N,
8°18'05''W.
Pub. 140
582 Portugal

Remarks
Douro Torre de Moncorvo—Position
41°10'04''N, 7°07'39''W.
Pocinho 1—Position 41°02'32'N,
7°02'20''W.
Pocinho 2—Position 41°04'05''N,
7°04'14''W.
Pinhao—Position 41°09'55''N,
7°34'11''W.
Aveiro An area bounded by lines joining the A 010°-190° orientation in depths of greater than 5m.
a. 40°39'22.6''N, 8°43'43.7''W.
b. 40°39'27.7''N, 8°43'31.9''W.
c. 40°40'05.8''N, 8°43'27.3''W.
d. 40°40'05.8''N, 8°43'24.3''W.
Figueira da Foz A line joining the following posi- A W-E orientation in depths of greater than 3m. A pre-
tions: warning of 20 minutes is normally given. The pre-
a. 40°08'43.5''N, 8°52'17.7''W. ferred area is in the N channel of Rio Morengo from
b. 40°08'43.5''N, 8°50'41.1''W. Punta Edgar Cardoso to the river mouth.
Leste da Ponte—Position
40°07'18''N, 8°47'52''W.
Peniche An area bounded by lines joining the
a. 39°20'17.0''N, 9°22'47.9''W. A 150°-330° orientation in depths of greater than 30m.
b. 39°20'18.3''N, 9°22'44.1''W. A pre-warning of 20 minutes is normally given.
c. 39°18'56.8''N, 9°21'54.2''W.
d. 39°18'55.4''N, 9°21'58.0''W.
Cascais An area with a radius of 0.6 mile cen-
tered on position 38°41'N, 9°22'W.
Lisbon An area bounded by lines joining the
A 100°-280° orientation in depths of greater than 20m.
a. 38°39'21.1''N, 9°24'22.9''W.
A pre-warning of 20 minutes is normally given.
b. 38°39'17.8''N, 9°24'23.1''W.
c. 38°39'11.8''N, 9°22'35.2''W.
Paco de Arcos—An area with a radi-
us of 0.6 mile centered on position
38°41.2'N, 9°16.0'W.
Cala de Samora—An area with a ra-
dius of 0.6 mile centered on position
38°44.0'N, 9°03.4'W.
Vila Franca de Xira—An area with a
radius of 0.6 mile centered on posi-
tion 38°56.2'N, 8°59.7'W.
Setubal Eustuario do Sado 1—Position
38°28'00.0''N, 8°50'00.0''W.
Eustuario do Sado 2—Position
38°28'00.0''N, 8°46'30.0''W.
Junto a Alcacer do Sal—Position
38°24'16.8''N, 8°38'07.2''W.
Pub. 140
Portugal 583

Remarks
Lagos An area with a radius of 0.6 mile cen-
tered on position 37°06.0'N,
8°39.0'W.
Olhao An area with a radius of 0.6 mile cen-
tered on position 36°57'37.0''N,
7°49'23.0''W.
Vila Real de Santo Antonia Troco 1—A line joining the follow-
ing positions: A 030°/210° orientation in depths of greater than 5m.
a. 37°15'01.0''N, 7°26'03.8''W. A 2,000m corridor with a minimum width of 250m.
b. 37°16'03.9''N, 7°25'30.4''W.
Troco 2—A line joining the follow-
b. 37°18'11.2''N, 7°26'18.4''W.
Troco 3—A line joining the follow-
b. 37°22'53.9''N, 7°26'21.8''W.
Pub. 140
585
ROMANIA
General 585 between Ukraine and Moldova on the N and Bulgaria on the S.
Buoyage System 585 The climate is temperate. Winters are cloudy, with frequent
Cautions 586 snow and fog. Summers are sunny, with frequent showers and
Currency 586 thunderstorms.
Firing Areas 586 The central Transylvanian Basin is separated from the Plain
Government 586 of Moldavia on the E by the Carpathian Mountains and from
Holidays 586 the Walachian Plain on the S by the Transylvanian Alps.
Industries 586
Languages 586
Mined Areas 586 Buoyage System
Pilotage 587 The IALA Buoyage System (Region A) is in effect. See
Pollution 587 Chart No. 1 for further IALA Buoyage System information.
Regulations 588 The Danube River is marked by buoys and lighted buoys, as
Restricted Areas 588 follows:
Time Zone 589 Dangers along the S bank Red cylindrical buoys, spar
Traffic Separation Schemes 589 and S side of the fairway buoys, or posts.
U.S. Embassy 589
Vessel Traffic Service 589 Dangers along the N bank Green conical buoys, spar
and N side of the fairway buoys, or posts.
Junction or division of the Spherical buoys or spar
General fairway or danger in the buoys with red and green
fairway horizontal bands.
Romania is located in southeastern Europe on the Black Sea,
Pub. 140
586 Romania
Lights on the S bank ties and one municipality.

White pillars with a red Romania is governed by a directly-elected President serving
indicating the direction of
painted square. a 5-year term. The Prime Minister is named by the President.
the channel
The bicameral Parliament, using a system of proportional rep-
Lights on the N bank White pillars with a rhombic resentation, is composed of the directly-elected, 136-member
indicating the direction of panel, green over white. Senate, serving 4-year terms, and the directly-elected, using a
the channel system of proportional representation, 330-member Chamber
Lights on the extremity of White pillars with two white of Deputies, serving 4-year terms.
islands where the channel triangular panels, points The legal system is based on civil law.
divides together; white isophase light The capital is Bucharest.
showing main channel to the
N of the island.
Range lights on the S bank White post with a square
Holidays
yellow panel and vertical The following holidays are observed:
black band.
Range lights on the N bank White post with a rhombic January 1 New Year’s Day
yellow panel.
January 2 Second New Year’s Day
Special beacons, as described in Rules and Regulations of January 6 Epiphany
the Danube, mark distances; river crossing points; turning ar- Easter Sunday Variable
eas; anchorage areas; and sections where two-way traffic, over-
taking, and anchoring are prohibited. Easter Monday Variable
May 1 Labor Day
Cautions December 1 National Day
A local magnetic anomaly has been reported to exist S of December 25 Christmas Day
Capul Tuzla (44°00'N., 28°40'E.). December 26 Second Day of
Christmas
Currency
The official unit of currency is the new leu, consisting of 100 Industries
bani.
The main industries are electric machinery and equipment,
Firing Areas textiles and footwear, light machinery, auto assembly, mining,
timber, construction materials, metallurgy, chemicals, food
A military exercise area, in which navigating and anchoring processing, and petroleum refining.
are prohibited, is bounded by lines joining the following posi- The main exports are metals and metal products, machinery
tions: and equipment, minerals and fuels, chemicals, raw materials,
a. 44°05.0'N, 28°39.9'E. and agricultural products. The main export-trading partners are
b. 44°05.0'N, 28°40.9'E. Germany, Italy, France, and Hungary.
c. 44°04.0'N, 28°40.9'E. The main imports are machinery and equipment, fuels and
d. 44°04.0'N, 28°39.0'E. minerals, chemicals, textiles, basic metals, and agricultural
products. The main import-trading partners are Germany, Italy,
Government Hungary, and France.
Languages
Romanian is the official language.
Mined Areas
A mine is located in position 44°21'58.3''N, 28°50'39.4''E.
Navigation is prohibited within 1 mile of this position.
Former mined areas are located, as follows:
1. Area No. 3 (44°00'N., 28°44'E.).
2. Area No. 4 (44°34'N., 28°56'E.).
Flag of Romania 3. Area No. 5 (44°30'N., 29°28'E.).
4. Area No. 6 (44°40'N., 30°20'E.).
Romania is a republic. The country is divided into 41 coun- 5. Area No. 7 (45°14'N., 29°50'E.).
Pub. 140
Romania 587
6. Area No. 8 (45°06'N., 30°08'E.). Constanta (44°06'N., 28°42'E.)

7. Area No. 9 (44°50'N., 31°12'E.). Pilotage, which is available 24 hours, is compulsory for all
vessels except, as follows:
Navigational Information 1. Naval vessels.
2. Public vessels (maintenance, control and surveillance
Enroute Volume of navigation, training).
BA NP 24, Black Sea and Sea of Azov Pilot (British Admi- 3. Salvage vessels.
ralty publication). 4. Hospital vessels.
5. Pleasure craft.
Maritime Claims The pilot boards in the following positions:
The maritime territorial claims of Romania are, as follows: 1. Fair weather—Within a circle with a radius of 0.5 mile
centered on position 44°05'03.6''N, 28°43'03.6''E.
Territorial Sea * 12 miles. 2. Bad weather—In position 44°06'14.4''N, 28°42'18.0''E.
3. Pilots for Midia board in position 44°18.0'N,
Contiguous Zone 24 miles 28°42.5'E.
Fisheries or Economic 200 miles. Pilots can be contacted on VHF channel 14.
Zone
Galati (45°25'N., 28°03'E.)
Pilotage is compulsory for all vessels. Port pilots replace
of Exploitation Danube River pilots in the roadstead or when navigating in the
* Claims straight baselines. Requires advance permission port zone as per instructions from Galati Pilots.
or notification for innocent passage of warships in the ter- Galati Pilots can be contacted, as follows:
ritorial sea. 1. Call sign: Galati Pilots
2. VHF: VHF channels 11, 16, and 71
Danube River Depths 3. Telephone: 40-236-460812
Minimum depths along the Danube River are, as follows: 40-236-460353
1. River mouth to Sulina bar: 7.62m. 4. Facsimile: 40-236-460016
2. Sulina to Tulcea: 7.62m 40-236-460847
3. Tulcea to Isaccea: 7.62m 5. E-mail: [email protected]
4. Isaccea to Reni: 7.62m 6. Web site: http://www.afdj.ro
5. Reni to Galati: 7.32m
6. Galati to Braila: 7.62m Mangalia (43°48'N., 28°36'E.)
Pilotage is compulsory for all vessels and should be request-
Recommended Tracks ed 2 hours prior to arriving in the roads, moving within the
Recommended Track No. 1 (to Mangalia Harbor) lies be- port, or leaving port. The pilot boards about 0.2 mile S of the
tween position 43°47'35.4''N, 28°49'54.6''E and position head of the Northeast Breakwater.
43°47'35.4''N, 28°37'36.6''E on a trackline of 090°-270° for a Pilots can be contacted on VHF channel 13.
distance of about 8.2 miles.
Recommended Track No. 2 (from S to Constanta TSS) lies Sulina (45°09'N., 29°40'E.)
between position 43°47'35.4''N, 28°50'51.6''E and position Pilotage is compulsory for all vessels. The pilot boards about
44°11'22.2''N, 28°50'51.6''E on a trackline of 000°-180° for a 1 mile ENE of the entrance to the channel between the break-
distance of about 24 miles. water heads.
Recommended Track No. 3 (from Constanta TSS to the S) The pilots can be contacted, as follows:
lies between position 43°58'23.4''N, 28°48'57.6''E and position 1. Call sign: Pilot Sulina
43°47'35.4''N, 28°48'57.6''E on a trackline of 000°-180° for a 2. VHF: VHF channel 16
distance of about 10.9 miles.
Recommended Track No. 4 (Constanta to Sulina) is about Tulcea (45°11'N., 28°48'E.)
92.5 miles long between the following positions: Pilotage is compulsory for all vessels. Port pilots replace
a. 45°05'53.4''N, 29°52'33.6''E. Danube River pilots in the roadstead.
b. 44°26'55.8''N, 29°43'12.0''E. The pilots can be contacted, as follows:
c. 44°36'29.4''N, 29°52'33.6''E. 1. VHF: VHF channels 14 and 16
d. 45°05'53.4''N, 29°52'33.6''E. 2. Telephone: 40-240-516861
e. 45°08'03.6''N, 29°47'36.6''E. 3. Facsimile: 40-240-516861
Pilotage
Pollution
Braila (45°16'N., 27°59'E.)
Pilotage is compulsory for all vessels. Port pilots replace MARPOL Special Area
Danube River pilots in the roadstead or when navigating in the The Black Sea has been designated as a MARPOL Special
port zone. Pilotage is provided by Sulina. Area. MARPOL Special Areas are sea areas where special
Pilots can be contacted on VHF channel 14. mandatory methods for the prevention of oil pollution in the
Pub. 140
588 Romania
sea have been adopted. European Union Dangerous and Polluting Cargo Notifica-
Further information can be found in North Atlantic tion
Ocean—Pollution—MARPOL Special Areas. Under European Union (EU) Directive 2002/59/EC, as
Regulations gross tons and any vessel carrying dangerous or polluting cargo
Quarantine port authority at least 24 hours in advance.
All radio quarantine reports from underway vessels should For further information, see Baltic Sea—Regulations—Eu-
be forwarded to the Romanian Port Health Authority via Con- ropean Union Dangerous and Polluting Cargo Notifica-
stanta Radio (YQI) at least 12 hours before arrival. Messages tions.
must contain information concerning all infectious cases on
board other than tuberculosis, as follows:
1. Name of vessel. Restricted Areas
2. ETA.
An area where anchoring, fishing with bottom gear, under-
3. Port of departure. water construction, dredging, and underwater explosions are
4. Time and date of departure. prohibited is bounded by lines joining the following positions:
5. Last port of call. a. 44°25'52.8''N, 28°46'29.4''E.
6. Number of cases of illness on board during the preced- b. 44°25'30.0''N, 27°47'04.2''E.
ing 2 weeks, with details of the illness. c. 44°28'23.4''N, 29°01'04.2''E.
7. Number of deaths on board during the voyage which d. 44°30'49.8''N, 29°18'44.4''E.
were not the result of accidents. e. 44°31'23.4''N, 29°27'49.2''E.
8. Number of sick persons to be disembarked. f. 44°36'04.8''N, 29°20'34.8''E.
Constanta Radio can be contacted, as follows: g. 44°36'52.2''N, 29°21'36.0''E.
1. Telephone: 40-241-602781 h. 44°32'31.2''N, 29°28'19.2''E.
40-241-737102 i. 44°32'13.8''N, 29°32'06.0''E.
2. Facsimile: 40-241-739469 j. 44°32'47.4''N, 29°31'57.6''E.
40-241-737103 k. 44°32'36.0''N, 29°34'28.8''E.
3. E-mail: [email protected] l. 44°31'38.4''N, 29°34'43.8''E.
[email protected] m. 44°28'58.2''N, 29°39'48.6''E.
n. 44°28'07.2''N, 29°38'55.2''E.
European Union Expanded Inspection (EI) Notification o. 44°30'19.8''N, 29°34'43.2''E.
Under European Union (EU) Directive 2009/16/EC, the Eu- p. 44°29'50.4''N, 29°32'19.2''E.
ropean Union has introduced a mandatory reporting system for q. 44°30'25.8''N, 29°32'01.8''E.
vessels arriving at or departing from a port or anchorage in the r. 44°29'30.6''N, 29°27'27.0''E.
EU region. s. 44°24'09.6''N, 28°48'10.8''E.
The reports shall be sent, as follows: t. 44°24'13.8''N, 28°46'20.4''E.
u. 44°24'59.4''N, 28°45'11.4''E.
Mail Romanian Naval Authority
Constanta Port No. 1
Search and Rescue
RNA Building
Constanta Coast Radio Station (YQI) maintains a continuous
900900 Constanta
listening watch for distress traffic on 500 kHz, 2182 kHz, and
Romania VHF channel 16 and can be contacted, as follows:
Telephone 40-241-616124 (extension 145) 1. Telephone: 40-241-605130
40-241-605131
40-241-616104 (extension 146) 2. Facsimile: 40-241-605140
Facsimile 40-341-730352 3. E-mail: [email protected]
4. Web site: http://www.constanta-radio.ro
40-341-730349 The Maritime Rescue Coordination Center (MRCC) Con-
E-mail [email protected] stanta can be contacted, as follows:
1. Telephone: 40-241-615949
[email protected] 2. Facsimile: 40-241-606065
40-740-173032
For further information, see North Atlantic Ocean—Regu- 40-723-634122
lations—European Union Expanded Inspection (EI) Notifi- 3. E-mail: [email protected]
cation. [email protected]
Pub. 140
Romania 589
Time Zone c. Weather conditions.

d. Anchorage areas and facilities in the outer and inner
The Time Zone description is BRAVO (-2). Daylight Sav- roads.
ings Time (CHARLIE (-3)) is observed from the last Sunday in e. Navigation restrictions/obstructions.
March until the last Sunday in October. f. Any other relevant information required by vessels.
2. Traffic Organization Service—Controlling traffic by
Traffic Separation Schemes information, warning, advice, or instruction in order to pre-
vent potential dangerous situations, navigation incidents, or
A Government of Romania-adopted Traffic Separation accidents. VTS operations do not relieve the master of the re-
Scheme (TSS) is located in the approaches to Constanta and sponsibility for the safe navigation of the vessel.
Midia. All vessels of 300 gross tons and over are required to 3. Navigational Assistance Service—Provides on re-
use the TSS. quest or at any time it may be required assistance to vessels
and monitoring its effects in the event of:
U.S. Embassy a. High traffic density.
b. Poor visibility or bad weather.
The U. S. Embassy is situated at 4-6 Dr. Liviu Librescu Bou- c. Potential danger.
levard, District 1, Bucharest 015118. Pre-entry Reports.—The operator, agent, or master of a
The mailing address is Department of State, 5260 Bucharest vessel bound for a port in the operational area of the VTS must
Place, Washington, DC (20521-5260). send an arrival notification, as follows:
1. At least 24 hours prior to arrival.
U. S. Embassy Romania Home Page 2. If the voyage from the previous port takes less than 24
http://ro.usembassy.gov hours, when the vessel departs the previous port.
3. If the port call is unknown or changes during the voy-
age, as soon as the information becomes available.
Vessel Traffic Service 4. Arrival notifications should be sent (see table titled
Constanta—Pre-entry Reports Contact Information), as
A Vessel Traffic Service operates in Constanta (44°06'N., follows:
28°42'E.). This is a mandatory system which applies to all ves- a. Constanta VTS.
sels over 300 gross tons and all towing vessels navigating with- b. MRCC Constanta.
in an area bounded to seaward by a circle, with a radius of 12 c. Pollution Department.
miles, centered on the VTS Center (44°10'09.6''N., d. Constanta Harbormaster.
28°39'35.4''E.) and to landward by the coast and a line joining Entry Reports.—Vessels must report to the VTS Center on
the seaward ends of the Constanta breakwaters. The VTS cen- VHF channel 67, as follows:
ter also provides radar surveillance and traffic control for the 1. When entering the Traffic Separation Scheme, about 8
VTS area. miles from the port entrance.
The VTS Center can be contacted, as follows: 2. When entering the VTS Area, giving the following in-
1. Call sign: Constanta VTS formation:
2. VHF: VHF channel 67 a. Vessel name.
3. Telephone: 40-372-416809 b. Call sign.
4. Facsimile: 40-372-416810 c. IMO number.
5. E-mail: [email protected] d. Draft.
Details of the vessel, its route, and its cargo must be supplied e. Vessel particulars.
to the VTS Center as requested. All vessels must maintain a 3. Before departing from an anchorage or from within the
continuous listening watch on VHF channel 67 while within VTS Area, giving the following information:
the VTS area. a. Vessel name.
The VTS offers the following traffic services: b. Draft.
1. Information Service.—Providing information when c. Destination.
deemed necessary by the VTS or, at the request of the vessel, d. Any other information requested by the VTS.
the information can include the following: 4. When unmooring, stating the vessel’s intention to par-
a. Position, intention, and destination of vessels. ticipate in the VTS.
b. Traffic movements. 5. When departing the VTS Area.
Constanta—Pre-entry Reports Contact Information

Constanta VTS Harbormaster Constanta MRCC Pollution Department
Call sign Constanta VTS — — —
VHF channels 16,
VHF VHF channel 67 VHF channels 16 and 67 —
67, and 70
Telephone 40-372-416809 40-372-419833 40-241-615949 —
Pub. 140
590 Romania
Constanta—Pre-entry Reports Contact Information

Constanta VTS Harbormaster Constanta MRCC Pollution Department
40-241-606065
Facsimile 40-372-416810 40-241-618299 40-723-634122 40-372-416804
40-740-173032
E-mail [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] [email protected]
6. After mooring. safely navigate or maneuver.

The languages to be used for communication shall be 3. Involvement in a marine casualty.
English or Romanian. 4. Adverse weather or visibility conditions.
Emergency Reports.—All vessels shall immediately report 5. Any pollution incident.
any incident or accident which can affect safety and security, 6. Any hazard to navigation.
environmental protection, or efficient traffic organization. Any 7. Another vessel in apparent difficulty.
of the following should be reported immediately: 8. Any condition susceptible to lead to an incident or nav-
1. Any defect or discrepancy in an aid to navigation. igation event.
2. Any condition that may impair a vessel’s ability to 9. Security incidents.
Pub. 140
591
RUSSIA
General 591 along sections of the Black Sea to extreme cold winters with
Buoyage System 591 short cool summers in N Siberia. In general, most of the coun-
Cautions 591 try has a continental type of climate which is characterized by
Currency 592 cold winters and warm summers.
Firing Areas 592 The terrain is a broad plain with low hills W of the Urals.
Government 592 There are vast forest and tundra in Siberia with uplands and
Holidays 592 mountains along the S border regions.
Ice 592
Industries 595 Buoyage System
Languages 595
Mined Areas 595 The IALA Buoyage System (Region A) is in effect. See
Navigational Information 596 Chart No. 1 for further IALA Buoyage System information.
Pilotage 596 Temporary markings indicating areas prohibited for naviga-
Pollution 598 tion, anchoring and fishing, and naval exercise areas, will be
Regulations 598 broadcast by marine radio and published in the weekly notice.
Restricted Areas 599 It has been reported that all navigational aids in the S and E
Search and Rescue 599 part of the Gulf of Finland may be unreliable. Mariners should
Ship Reporting System 600 exercise caution when using these aids.
Signals 600
Submarine Operating Areas 602 Cautions
Time Zone 603
Traffic Separation Schemes 603 General
U.S. Embassy 603 Because of insufficient information, it is not possible to en-
Vessel Traffic Service 604 sure that NGA charts and publications, covering the coasts of
Appendix I—Regulated Navigation Areas (Baltic Sea) 605 Russia and adjacent waters, are up to date concerning new dan-
Appendix II—Regulated Navigation Areas (Black Sea and gers or changes to navigational aids or warnings and mariners
the Sea of Azov) 609 are therefore cautioned to exercise additional care when navi-
Appendix III—Novorossiyak Vessel Traffic Service 611 gating these waters.
Appendix IV—Port Kavkaz Vessel Traffic Service 613
Appendix V—Sochi Vessel Traffic Service 615 High Speed Craft
Appendix VI—Taganrog Vessel Traffic Service 617 High speed craft operate off the Black Sea coast of Russia.
Appendix VII—Tuapse Vessel Traffic Service 619 Vessels are advised to maintain a good lookout.
Appendix VIII—Time Zones 621
Pipeline Protection Zones
General Protection zones have been established extending 100m on
each side of all pipelines in Russian waters. Anchoring, trailing
Russia is located in northern Asia, bordering the Arctic an anchor, trawling, dredging, or any operation which could
Ocean, between Europe and the North Pacific Ocean. endanger a pipeline is prohibited within these zones. The same
The climate ranges from subtropical with abundant rainfall restrictions apply within 0.25 mile on each side of the seabed
Pub. 140
592 Russia
cables.
Tyagun
The Tyagun, an unpleasant and sometimes dangerous wave
condition which may occur inside a harbor, is reported to affect
ports on the Caucasian coast between Tuapse and Bat’umi. For
further information, see Baltic Sea—Cautions—Dangerous
Waves.
Local Magnetic Anomalies

A local magnetic anomaly exists about 2 miles WNW of Os-
trov Sommers (60°12.4'N., 27°38.5'E.).
Local magnetic anomaly have been reported in Kerch Strait. Flag of Russia
Russia’s annexation of Ukraine’s Autonomous Republic of

Currency Crimea and the municipality of Sevastopol.
The official unit of currency is the ruble, consisting of 100 Russia is governed by a directly-elected President serving a
kopeks. maximum of two consecutive 6-year terms. The bicameral
Federal Assembly is composed of the 166-member appointed
Council of the Federation (upper chamber), serving 4-year
Firing Areas terms, and the 450-member State Duma (lower chamber), with
Area No. 117—Area bounded by lines joining the following half the members directly elected by majority vote and half the
positions: members directly elected by proportional representation, serv-
a. 54°57.8'N, 19°41.0'E. ing 5-year terms.
b. 55°13.4'N, 19°24.5'E. The legal system is based on civil law.
c. 55°43.8'N, 19°12.1'E. The capital is Moscow.
d. 56°18.5'N, 19°28.2'E.
e. 56°08.1'N, 20°42.0'E. Holidays
f. 55°35.0'N, 20°42.0'E.
g. 55°05.0'N, 20°24.0'E. The following holidays are observed:
h. 54°57.8'N, 20°06.0'E.
Area No. 117A—Area bounded by lines joining the follow- January 2 Second New Year’s Day
ing positions:
a. 55°57.8'N, 19°41.0'E. January 7 Russian Orthodox Christmas
b. 55°13.4'N, 19°24.5'E. February 23 Defenders’ Day
c. 55°43.8'N, 19°12.1'E.
d. 55°51.0'N, 19°15.5'E. March 8 * International Women’s Day
e. 55°51.0'N, 20°42.0'E. May 1 * Labor Day
f. 55°35.0'N, 20°42.0'E.
May 9 Victory Day
g. 55°05.0'N, 20°24.0'E.
h. 54°57.8'N, 20°06.0'E. June 12 * Independence Day
November 4 Reconciliation Day
Kronshtadt Fortified Zone (West)—Area bounded by lines
joining the following positions: December 12 Constitution Day
a. 60°12.2'N, 29°00.0'E. Note.—Holidays falling on a Saturday or Sunday
b. 60°00.0'N, 29°00.0'E. are usually celebrated the following Monday.
c. 59°57.0'N, 28°56.0'E.
d. 59°54.7'N, 29°00.7'E. * Additional days before and after this day may be
declared holidays to create long weekends.
Kronshtadt Fortified Zone (East)—Area bounded by lines
joining the following positions: Ice
a. 60°00.8'N, 29°58.0'E.
b. 59°56.5'N, 29°50.0'E. The Baltic Sea
c. 59°56.5'N, 29°40.0'E. Ice breaking in the E part of the Gulf of Finland is regulated
d. 59°55.9'N, 29°40.0'E. by the Sankt Peterburg Harbormaster and covers the ports of
Sankt Peterburg, Primorsk, Vyborg, Vysotsk, and Ust-Luga.
Government The Sankt Peterburg Harbormaster can be contacted, as fol-
lows:
Russia is a federation. The country is divided into 83 various 1. Telephone: 7-8-812-326858
administrative entities. The United States does not recognize 2. Facsimile: 7-8-812-3274021
Pub. 140
Russia 593
3. E-mail: [email protected] and provisions, wooden fenders, quick-setting cement,

To be eligible for ice breaking assistance, vessels must re- patches, mats, and the like, sufficient for the passage. The
quest the following information from their agent: vessel’s pumps should be in good working condition and
1. Ice information. vessels should be equipped with a properly functioning radio
2. Convoy Forming Point (CFP) location. receiver.
3. Name of the assisting icebreaker. If these conditions cannot be met, and, in addition, if the
4. VHF channels required for communication with the vessel has not been certified by governmental agencies, or
icebreaker. classification societies, as being fit to put to sea, or if such
Vessels must advise their agent of the ETA at the CFP in or- certification is overdue, the Captain of the Port, or the master
der to be included in the Schedule of Vessel Traffic. of the icebreaker, if the icebreaker is outside the port limits,
Icebreaker assistance is conducted, as follows: has the right to refuse the request to take the vessel to sea, or
1. Individual assistance behind an icebreaker. to bring it into port.
2. Assistance in the convoy. 3. Any vessel in need of icebreaker convoy shall await
3. Independent ice navigation following ice breaker rec- the arrival of the icebreaker, and shall not enter the ice with-
ommendations and strictly under supervision. out the latter.
The icebreaker fleet, which can be contacted on VHF chan- 4. The time, and the sequence in which vessels will pro-
nel 9, is composed of the following vessels: ceed through the ice, as well as the number of vessels to be
convoyed simultaneously, shall be determined in port by the
Ermak Kapitan Izmailov Captain of the Port, and at sea by the master of the icebreak-
er.
Kapitan Sorokin Kapitan Zarubin 5. Masters of vessels following icebreakers through the
Mudjug Tor ice shall be subordinate to orders issued by the master of the
icebreaker in so far as they pertain to movement in the ice,
Semyon Dezhnev Karu
and shall act in conformity with such orders. Masters of ves-
Ivan Kruzenstern Kapitan Plakhin sels shall, by their actions, assist the master of the icebreaker
so that passage through the ice area may be made together as
Information about ice and weather conditions during navi- rapidly and safely as possible.
gation in the area of the Gulf of Finland and approach fairways 6. Vessels following icebreakers shall not overtake each
to Russian ports is available from Gidrometcenter of Sankt Pe- other.
tersburg, as follows: 7. Vessels following icebreakers shall be prepared for
1. Telephone: 7-8-812-3213018 immediate full astern operation. When the vessel begins to
7-8-812-3213019 back the rudder shall be in the “amidships” position.
7-8-812-3236048 8. Vessels proceeding through the ice in tow of an ice-
2. E-mail: [email protected] breaker shall not operate their engines in the ahead direction
For information on obtaining general ice information for the without special orders from the master of the icebreaker in
Baltic Sea, see Baltic Sea—Ice. each individual case. Vessels shall be constantly alert to drop
For information on the onset and clearance of ice in ports in the tow immediately when ordered to do so by the master of
the Gulf of Finland and the Gulf of Bothnia, see Baltic Sea— the icebreaker, as well as ready to make full speed astern.
Ice. 9. The first vessels to be convoyed shall be naval vessels,
These rules have been extracted from Russian Notices to mail-passenger vessels, and vessels carrying cargo that has
Mariners: been designated as priority. These shall be followed by all re-
1. The request for convoying vessels through the ice maining vessels in their order of arrival at the edge of the ice,
shall be made in port to the Captain of the Port, and at sea to or readiness to leave port.
the master of the icebreaker. 10. Vessels following an icebreaker and suffering dam-
2. A vessel to be convoyed should carry, within the lim- age shall hoist the distress signal prescribed by the Interna-
its of the requirements of good seamanship, a supply of fuel tional Rules of the Road.
Limitations of Ice Navigation in the Eastern Part of the Gulf of Finland

Ships Allowed to Navigate in Ice
Solid Ice Cover Ships Not Allowed to
Thickness of With or Without Only with Icebreaker Navigate in Ice
Icebreaker Assistance Assistance
Ships of Ice Class I and
10-15cm Non-Ice Class ships Tows
higher
Ships of Ice Class II and Tows and non-Ice Class
15-30cm Ships of Ice Class I
higher ships
Ships of Ice Class III and Ships of Ice Class I and Ice Tows and non-Ice Class
30-50cm
higher Class II ships
Pub. 140
594 Russia
Limitations of Ice Navigation in the Eastern Part of the Gulf of Finland

Ships Allowed to Navigate in Ice
Solid Ice Cover Ships Not Allowed to
Thickness of With or Without Only with Icebreaker Navigate in Ice
Icebreaker Assistance Assistance
Ships of Ice Class IV and Ships of Ice Class II and Tows, non-Ice Class ships,
Greater than 50cm
higher Ice Class III and ships of Ice Class I
Approximate Dates of Imposing/Canceling Ice Restrictions During a Moderate Winter

Port Start of Restrictions End of Restrictions Remarks
Sankt Peterburg 5-10 January 10-20 April Ships without an ice class.
25 January-5 February 1-10 April Ships with ice class LU1.
Vessels with a main engine capacity of less
1-10 December 10-20 April
than 2,000hp and tugs/barges.
20-25 December 1-9 April Volga-type vessels.
Primorsk 15-25 January 15-25 April Ships without an ice class.
10-20 February 10-15 April Ships with ice class LU1.
1-5 March 5-10 April Ships with ice class LU2.
Vyborg and Vystok Ships without an ice class or vessels with a
25 January-5 February 15-20 April
main engine capacity of less than 2,000hp.
Ust Luga 20-25 February 24 February-9 April Ships with ice class LU1.
Vessels with a main engine capacity of less
1-10 February 10-15 April
than 2,000hp.
A vessel suffering damage of any kind in the ice, or Merchant Marine in Arctic waters, levied in accordance with
springing a leak, shall take immediate steps to repair the established procedure. The shifting of berths required in con-
damage, and shall, simultaneously, report such damage to nection with cargo handling operations, as well as bunker-
the master of the icebreaker by radio, or other means of coming, docking, and the like, shall be paid for separately.
munications. 15. Any vessel using an icebreaker to convoy it through
11. Vessels following an icebreaker through the ice shall the ice, by such action consents to placing itself under the
be guided by the International Code of Signals. Vessels shall provisions of these rules.
comply immediately with these signals when made by the 16. The master of a vessel following an icebreaker shall
icebreaker. do his own dead-reckoning and keep a running fix of his ves-
12. In the event the master of a vessel being convoyed by sel’s position. Upon completion of the convoy through the
an icebreaker fails to comply with the orders issued by the ice he shall compare his position coordinates with those of
master of the icebreaker, the latter has the right to refuse fur- the icebreaker.
ther convoy until his orders are complied with.
13. Neither the icebreaker, the owner of the icebreaker, The Black Sea and the Sea of Azov
nor the charterer shall bear any property responsibility for Ice may form during prolonged periods of frost which occur
damage, or for other losses that could be sustained by a ship in the winter in the N parts of the Black Sea and the Sea of
under convoy during, and as a consequence of its being con- Azov. The severity of the winter, and therefore the extent and
voyed through the ice, or as a result of maneuvers while un- thickness of the ice cover, varies in different years but even in
der such convoy. the most severe winter, only a relatively small part of the entire
14. Merchant vessels of all flags are free of all charges Black Sea is affected by ice.
for using the services of port icebreakers to convoy them Navigation is usually only affected in the NW part of the
from the edge of the ice into port to the berth, and from the Black Sea, Kerchenskiy Proliv (Kerch Strait), and the Sea of
port to sea, as well as for towing during convoy if such tow- Azov. February is normally the month of greatest ice cover in
ing is deemed necessary by the master of the icebreaker. these areas.
The tariffs for the operation of icebreakers in the Arctic, In the Sea of Azov, between mid-December and late Febru-
and in the non-Arctic seas that freeze during the winter navi- ary, navigation is often hindered by ice and in many cases can
gation period, shall be paid at the per ton rate by the shipper, only be maintained with the help of icebreakers. Navigation is
or receiver, for each ton of cargo, depending on the condi- likely to be the most difficult of the N shore, in the entrance to
tions of the sales contract, as shall the rate for convoying the Gulf of Taganrog, and with prolonged N or NE winds, in
vessels other than those belonging to the Ministry of the the approaches to Kerchenskiy Proliv (Kerch Strait).
Pub. 140
Russia 595
Industries d. 56°41.7'N, 20°44.7'E.

Note.—Due to the possibility of floating mines in the Gulf
The main industries include mining (coal, oil, gas, chemi- of Finland, Russian authorities recommend passenger vessels
cals, and metals), machine building (from rolling mills to high- navigate only during daylight hours between longitude 25°30'E
performance aircraft and space vehicles), defense industries and longitude 28°30'E. Mariners should keep a sharp lookout
(including radar, missile production, and advanced electronic at all times, especially during and after stormy weather.
components), shipbuilding, road and rail transportation equip- For information on the former Mine Danger Area in the Gulf
ment, communications equipment, agricultural machinery and of Finland, see Finland—Mined Areas.
tractors, construction equipment, electric power generating and
transmitting equipment, medical and scientific instruments, The Black Sea
consumer durable goods, textiles, foodstuffs, and handicrafts. Former Mined Area No. 28—Position 44°34'N, 37°53'E.
The main exports are petroleum and petroleum products, Former Mined Area No. 29—Position 44°24'N, 38°10'E.
natural gas, metals, wood and wood products, chemicals, and a
wide variety of civilian and military products. The main ex- The Sea of Azov (Taganrogskiy Zaliv)
port-trading partners are the Netherlands, China, Germany, Ita- Former Mined Area No. 56—Position 46°37'N, 37°30'E.
ly, and Turkey. Former Mined Area No. 57—Position 46°38'N, 37°29'E.
The main imports are machinery, vehicles, pharmaceuticals, Former Mined Area No. 58—Position 46°39'N, 37°43'E.
plastics, semi-finished metal products, meats, fruits and nuts, Former Mined Area No. 61—Position 46°47'N, 37°58'E.
optical and medical equipment, iron, and steel. The main im- Former Mined Area No. 62—Position 46°41'N, 37°57'E.
port-trading partners are China, Germany, and the United Former Mined Area No. 64—Area bounded by lines join-
States. ing the following positions:
a. 46°50.0'N, 38°05.5'E.
Languages b. 46°44.8'N, 38°07.5'E.
c. 46°45.0'N, 38°14.8'E.
Russian is the official language. d. 46°48.4'N, 38°19.2'E.
e. 46°51.5'N, 38°17.5'E.
Mined Areas Former Mined Area No. 65—Area bounded by lines join-
The Baltic Sea a. 46°45.0'N, 38°18.2'E.
Area No. 110—Northwest of Tolbukhin Light.—Area b. 46°44.0'N, 38°18.2'E.
bounded by lines joining the following positions: c. 46°44.0'N, 38°20.3'E.
a. 60°05.0'N, 29°15.5'E. d. 46°45.0'N, 38°20.3'E.
b. 60°05.0'N, 29°19.5'E. Former Mined Area No. 66—Area bounded by lines join-
c. 60°02.5'N, 29°19.5'E. ing the following positions:
d. 60°02.5'N, 29°15.5'E. a. 46°58.0'N, 38°25.0'E.
Note.—This is a mine practice area. b. 46°55.0'N, 38°25.0'E.
Area No. 233—Northeast of Ostrov Rukhnu.—Area bound- c. 46°53.5'N, 38°37.0'E.
ed by lines joining the following positions: d. 46°57.5'N, 38°48.7'E.
a. 57°53.7'N, 23°17.5'E. e. 46°59.0'N, 38°57.2'E.
b. 57°56.0'N, 23°25.0'E. f. 47°01.5'N, 38°56.0'E.
c. 57°54.2'N, 23°27.0'E. Former Mined Area No. 67—Area bounded by lines join-
d. 57°51.5'N, 23°19.0'E. ing the following positions:
Area No. 234—West of Mys Akmenrags.—Area bounded a. 47°04.7'N, 38°30.5'E.
by lines joining the following positions: b. 47°02.0'N, 38°32.0'E.
a. 56°52'N, 20°25'E. c. 47°02.3'N, 38°36.0'E.
b. 56°52'N, 20°29'E. d. 47°05.7'N, 38°34.7'E.
c. 56°49'N, 20°29'E. Former Mined Area No. 68—Area bounded by the coast
d. 56°49'N, 20°25'E. and lines joining the following positions:
Area No. 235—Southwest of Mys Taran.—Area bounded a. 47°11.7'N, 38°49.7'E. (coast)
by lines joining the following positions: b. 47°07.5'N, 38°53.0'E.
a. 54°39.0'N, 19°33.0'E. c. 47°06.5'N, 38°58.5'E.
b. 54°42.0'N, 19°33.0'E. d. 47°11.0'N, 39°00.5'E.
c. 54°42.0'N, 19°36.5'E. e. 47°12.0'N, 38°57.5'E. (coast)
d. 54°39.0'N, 19°36.5'E. Former Mined Area No. 69—Position 46°17'N, 38°08'E.
Area No. 236—Approaches to Liepaja.—Area bounded by Former Mined Area No. 70—Position 46°04'N, 38°08'E.
lines joining the following positions: Former Mined Area No. 71—Position 46°06'N, 37°57'E.
a. 56°41.7'N, 20°42.0'E. Note.—These former mined areas still may present a danger
b. 56°44.1'N, 20°42.0'E. for vessels anchoring, fishing, or engaged in submarine or sea
c. 56°44.1'N, 20°44.7'E. bed activities.
Pub. 140
596 Russia
Navigational Information Vessels requiring a Deep Sea Pilot for the Baltic area should
send the request to the port of St. Petersburg.
Enroute Volumes Pilotage requirements are uniform for all foreign flag vessels
Pub. 155, Sailing Directions (Enroute) East Coast of Russia. but come under the purview of local pilotage laws. Pilotage re-
Pub. 183, Sailing Directions (Enroute) North Coast of Rus- quirements may therefore vary from port to port. See the ap-
sia. propriate volume of Sailing Directions (Enroute) for ports in
Pub. 195, Sailing Directions (Enroute) Gulf of Finland and the Baltic Sea and the Arctic Ocean; information on Black Sea
Gulf of Bothnia. ports can be found below. In the majority of ports, entry and
BA NP 24, Black Sea and Sea of Azov Pilot (British Admi- departure of vessels take place around the clock. In some ports,
ralty publication) pilotage is carried out with the aid of tugs. In others, shore ra-
dar and radio direction-finding stations are used.
Maritime Claims
The maritime territorial claims of Russia are, as follows: BLACK SEA PORTS
Territorial Sea * 12 miles. Adler (43°25'N., 39°55'E.)

Contiguous Zone 24 miles. See Sochi.
Fisheries or Economic 200 miles. Anapa (44°54'N., 37°18'E.)

Zone Pilotage is provided by Novorossiysk and is compulsory.
Continental Shelf 200 miles or the Continen- There are two pilotage districts in the port, as follows:
tal Margin. 1. Sector 1—An area bounded, as follows:
a. On the N by the coast.
* Claims straight baselines. In a joint statement with b. On the W by longitude 37°18'00.0''E.
Ukraine, declared that the Sea of Azov and Kerchenskiy c. On the S by latitude 44°54'51.0''N.
Proliv (Kerch Strait) are historic internal waters of the two d. On the E by longitude 37°18'50.4''E.
states. 2. Sector 5—An area bounded by the coast and lines join-
Maritime Boundary Disputes a. 44°45'22.2''N, 37°23'30.0''E. (coast)
Dispute with Norway over maritime limits in the Barents Sea b. 44°45'00.0''N, 37°23'30.0''E.
and Russia’s fishing rights beyond the territorial limits of Sval- c. 44°45'00.0''N, 37°22'00.0''E.
bard within the Svalbard Treaty zone. An agreement was d. 44°46'10.2''N, 37°22'10.2''E.
reached in September 2010 concerning the alignment of the e. 44°46'10.2''N, 37°23'09.6''E. (coast)
EEZ boundaries in this area; the agreement is pending ratifica- Pilots board, as follows:
tion by the national assemblies of both nations 1. Vessels navigating in Sector 1—position
It has been reported (2008) that Canada, Denmark, Green- 44°54'24.0''N, 37°18'00.0''E.
land, Norway, Russia, and the United States have agreed to let 2. Vessels navigating in Sector 5—position
the United Nations rule on their overlapping territorial claims 44°46'06.0''N, 37°22'00.0''E.
in the coastal waters of the Arctic Ocean. Coastal states may
claim the sea bed beyond the normal 200-mile limit if the sea Azov (47°07'N., 39°25'E.)
bed is part of a continental shelf of shallower waters. For fur- See Taganrog.
ther information, see Pub. 180, Sailing Directions (Planning
Guide) Arctic Ocean (Arctic Ocean—Navigational Informa- Gelendzhik (44°34'N., 38°02'E.)
tion—Maritime Boundary Disputes. Pilotage is provided by Novorossiysk and is compulsory for
Dispute with Japan over the islands of Etorofu, Kunashiri, all vessels of 200 gross tons and over.
Shikotan, and the Habomai Group, known in Japan as the The pilot boards in position 44°32'42.6''N, 38°00'52.2''E.
“Northern Territories” and in Russia as the “Southern Kurils.”
These islands were occupied by the Soviet Union in 1945, are Novorossiysk (44°43'N., 37°48'E.)
now administered by Russia, and are claimed by Japan. Pilotage, which is compulsory for all vessels, is available 24
The maritime boundary with Ukraine through the Sea of hours. Inbound vessels should request a pilot from the harbor-
Azov and Kerchenskiy Proliv (Kerch Strait) remains unre- master, via their agent, 24 hours in advance and confirmed 2
solved despite a 2003 framework agreement and ongoing dis- hours prior to arriving at the pilot boarding position on VHF
cussions; further discussions on this dispute have been channel 9. Outbound vessels should request pilotage via their
suspended due to the Russian occupation of Crimea. agent 2 hours prior to departure.
The pilot boards, as follows:
Pilotage 1. For the port—about 2 miles W of Doobskiy Light.
2. For the CPC-R Terminal—in position 44°34'06.0''N,
Pilotage is compulsory for entry to and departure from all 37°38'30.0''E.
Russian ports and for mooring and casting off. Pilots should be Radar-assisted pilotage is compulsory, as follows:
ordered through the vessel agent 12 hours in advance and con- 1. In bad weather or when the visibility is less than 2
firmed 4 hours prior to arrival, unless otherwise stated by indi- miles.
vidual ports. 2. When equipment affecting navigation or pollution is
Pub. 140
Russia 597
malfunctioning. The pilot for Adler (43°26'N., 39°55'E.), a subsidiary port of

3. For vessels carrying dangerous cargo and tankers with Sochi, boards in position 43°23'57.0''N, 39°54'25.2''E.
non-decontaminated tanks. The pilots can be contacted, as follows:
4. For towing vessels. 1. Call sign: Lotsman or Sochi Pilot
5. When ordered by the harbormaster. 2. VHF: VHF channel 14
Requests for radar-assisted pilotage should be submitted via 3. Telephone: 7-8-8622-609693
the Novorossiysk VTS Center on VHF channel 9 (call sign: 4. Facsimile: 7-8-8622-922714
Novotraffic Control) when agreed to with the pilot on board.
The pilots can be contacted, as follows: Taganrog (47°14'N., 38°57'E.)
1. Call sign: Pilot Station Pilotage in compulsory in the Taganrog VTS operational ar-
2. VHF: VHF channels 9, 11, 69, and 74 ea (see Appendix VI) for the following vessels:
3. Telephone: 7-8-8617-676445 1. All foreign-flagged vessels.
7-8-8617-676447 2. Vessels in distress.
4. Facsimile: 7-8-8617-676448 3. Vessels carrying dangerous cargo (unless exempted).
5. E-mail: [email protected] 4. Vessels carrying nuclear cargo.
5. Cargo vessels during the ice navigation period.
Port Kavkaz (45°20'N., 36°41'E.) Pilotage in the Taganrog approach channel is compulsory for
For information on pilotage in Kerch Strait, see Ukraine— all vessels.
Pilotage and Ukraine—Appendix VI. Pilots for Taganrog should be requested 4 hours prior to ar-
Pilots board, as follows: rival at Beglitsa Lighted Buoy (47°01.5'N., 38°38.2'E.) on
1. From the Sea of Azov—Anchorage Area 455 VHF channel 5. Pilots for Mariupol should be requested 4
(45°22'06.0''N., 31°41'09.0''E.). hours prior to arrival at the Outer Roads on VHF channel 5.
2. From the Black Sea—position 45°17'09.0''N, Pilots board, as follows:
36°29'04.8''E 1. Taganrog—in position 47°03'45''N, 38°52'48''E.
2. Azov-Don Sea Channel—in position 47°02'24''N,
Port Taman (45°08'N., 36°41'E.) 38°55'36''E. (for Azov and Rostov-na-Danu)
Pilotage is compulsory. Pilots board, as follows:
1. Position 45°01'14.4''N, 36°37'07.2''E. Tuapse (44°05'N., 39°04'E.)
2. For the TNG Terminal—in position 45°05'18.0''N, Pilotage is compulsory and is available 24 hours. The pilot
36°36'42.0''E. should be requested and the ETA confirmed 2 hours prior to ar-
rival. The message should contain the following information:
Port Temryuk (45°22'N., 37°12'E.) 1. Quantity and grade of cargo.
Pilotage is compulsory for all vessel 200 gross tons and over. 2. Stowage plan.
Vessels should send a request for pilotage 72 hours, 48 hours, 3. Maximum draft and loa.
and 24 hours prior to arrival, either through their agent or di- 4. Number of passengers.
rectly to Port Control (IGNP). Outbound vessels should re- 5. Health condition of crew.
quest pilotage 6 hours and 2 hours prior to departure. The pilot boards in position 44°01.7'N, 39°03.5'E.
The pilot boards in the vicinity of Temryuskiy Fairway The pilots can be contacted, as follows:
Lighted Buoy. 1. Call sign: Tuapse Pilot
Port Control (IGNP) can be contacted, as follows: 2. VHF: VHF channel 12
1. Call sign: Temryuk Radio 17 3. Telephone: 7-8-86167-29823 (office)
2. VHF: VHF channels 16 and 69 7-988-1802541 (duty pilot)
3. Telephone: 7-8-86148-58656 4. Facsimile: 7-8-86167-21692
4. Facsimile: 7-8-86148-52634
Radar pilotage is compulsory for all vessels over 50 gross Yeysk (46°44'N., 38°16'E.)
tons when the visibility is less than 1 mile. Compulsory pilotage area.—Pilotage is compulsory for all
vessels navigating in an area extending from Yeysk Entrance
Rostov-na-Donu (Rostov-on-Don) (47°11'N., 39°38'E.) Lighted Buoy to the berths and piers of the port. The pilot
See Taganrog. boards within a circle with a radius of 0.3 mile centered on po-
sition 46°45.0'N, 38°13.4'E.
Sheskharis (44°42'N., 37°50'E.) Compulsory pilotage for incoming vessels should be ordered
See Novorossiysk. via the owner or agent no later than 1400 daily. Departing ves-
sels should request a pilot no later than 4 hours prior to depar-
Sochi (43°35'N., 39°43'E.) ture.
Pilotage is compulsory for all foreign vessels. Pilots shall be Non-compulsory pilotage area.—Pilotage is available in
ordered by facsimile via the agent 2 hours prior to arrival at the the area between Port Kavkaz and Yeysk Entrance Lighted
pilot boarding position. The pilot boarding time shall be con- Buoy. The pilot boards in a position agreed to between the
firmed not less than 1 hour prior to arrival via Sochi Pilots on master and the pilot.
VHF channel 14. Vessels requesting non-compulsory pilotage should submit
The pilot for Sochi boards in position 43°32'42.0''N, their request via the owner or agent no later than 48 hours prior
39°43'00.0''E. to arrival, with confirmation sent 24 hours and 12 hours in ad-
Pub. 140
598 Russia
vance. Departing vessels should request a pilot no later than 12 Information concerning a vessel’s sanitation state must be re-
hours prior to departure. ported in accordance with current sanitation, veterinary, and
Pilots can be contacted, as follows: quarantine regulations.
1. Telephone: 7-8-86132-21488 A vessel’s arrival in port must be registered directly with the
7-8-918-1117948 (work days 0800-1700) Port Authority or with a representative of the Transport Fleet
2. Facsimile: 7-8-86132-21488 Maintenance Service, within the first 6 hours in port, complet-
7-8-86132-26163 ing sanitation, quarantine, customs, and border formalities.
3. E-mail: [email protected] On sailing, the Port Authority must be informed of intended
departure at least 6 hours in advance; during a short term an-
Pollution chorage (less than 6 hours) at least 2 hours notice is required.
Russian regulations prohibit, under severe penalties, dis- Entry into Russian Territorial Waters
charge within the economic zone of Russian of oil, oil prod- Vessels must announce their intention to enter Russian terri-
ucts, noxious materials, and any other substance or refuse torial waters on VHF channel 16 to the stations of the North-
injurious to human health or to the living resources of the sea. west Border Control of the Russian Federal Security Service
Failure to inform the nearest Russian authority of accidental (FSB) on Ostrov Gogland (call sign: Lebed 19) or on Ostrov
or emergency discharge of such substances within the territori- Kozlinyy (call sign: Lebed 16).
al and internal waters of Russian and failure to note the occur-
rence in the ship’s log also carry severe penalties. ETA Notification
Russian merchant vessels and civil aircraft are instructed to Vessels should send their ETA via their agent 12 days, 96
inform Russian authorities of witnessed infringements of the hours, and 12 hours in advance. Oil, gas, and chemical tankers
Russian regulations and of the international regulations. should however, confirm their ETA 14 days, 72 hours, and 12
Within the territorial and internal waters of Russia vessels hours before arrival.
suspected of infringing the regulations are liable to be stopped,
boarded and inspected. If an infringement has taken place Economic Zone
within those waters, the vessel is liable to be detained. Russia claims an economic zone extending 200 miles sea-
ward from the limits of its territorial sea.
MARPOL Special Area Within the economic zone, the Government of Russia issues
MARPOL Special Areas are sea areas where special manda- regulations in connection with and for the control of:
tory methods for the prevention of oil pollution in the sea have 1. Exploitation and conservation of resources found on or
been adopted. Several areas off the coasts of Russia have been below the sea bed and in the waters above it, including anad-
designated as MARPOL Special Areas, as follows: romous fish. Fishing of anadromous types of fish is permit-
1. The Black Sea. ted only as a result of inter-governmental agreement.
2. The Baltic Sea (includes the Gulf of Finland). 2. Marine scientific research.
Further information can be found in North Atlantic 3. Pollution of the marine environment.
Ocean—Pollution—MARPOL Special Areas. Freedom of passage for ships and aircraft through the eco-
This Special Area is under intensive surveillance for pollu- nomic zone is assured.
tion and violations of traffic rules. Further information on pol- Regulations exist for the inspection of vessels suspected of
lution reporting can be found in Baltic Sea—Pollution— causing pollution and penalties for infringement exist.
Foreign Naval Vessels
Regulations Foreign naval vessels intending to enter waters of Russian or
visit Russian ports should obtain a copy of Regulations for For-
General eign Naval Vessels Navigating and Remaining in the Territori-
Access to Russian ports by any foreign vessel is subject to al or Internal Waters of Russia or Visiting Russian Ports. These
compliance with applicable laws and regulations of the govern- regulations are published as a Russian Annual Notice to Mari-
ment of Russia and local municipal and port authorities in the ners.
areas wherein they have their jurisdiction. Proposals to visit Russian ports should be forwarded through
In addition, masters must indicate that the vessel has certifi- the Russian Ministry of Foreign Affairs not less than 30 days
cation guaranteeing civil responsibility for damage from oil prior to the suggested visit. This rule does not apply to war-
pollution. ships on which heads of governments or heads of state are em-
The following information is required by the Port Authority: barked, nor to ships accompanying them.
1. Name and flag of vessel. Ships whose approach is necessitated by foul weather or en-
2. Port of departure (last port of call). gine failure which threatens the safety of the ship must inform
3. Vessel’s draft at bow and stern. the nearest port of the reason for entry, and, if possible, go to a
4. Cargo capacity of vessel, volume of hold, measure- recognized port open to foreign merchant vessels, or to a point
ments, etc. indicated by the vessel sent to aid or meet it.
5. Name and quantity of cargo and its distribution by hold All foreign vessels when within territorial waters or internal
(for tankers, in addition, indicate type and disposition of bal- waters of Russia, must observe radio communication, naviga-
last). tional, port, customs, sanitary and other regulations.
6. Requirements from port services. In the event of an emergency entry into territorial waters, or
Pub. 140
Russia 599
emergency non-observance of rules for navigation and stay in Restricted Areas

these waters, foreign vessels must immediately notify the near-
est Russian port authority. Regulated Areas
Foreign naval vessels exercising the right to innocent pas- Regulated areas include all areas where navigation, fishing,
sage through the territorial waters of Russia for the purpose of or anchoring is prohibited or restricted. Regulated areas also
transiting these waters without entering the internal waters or include areas designated by the Russian authorities as tempo-
calling at Russian ports must use the sea corridor or TSS where rarily dangerous for navigation. As these prohibitions are for
these have been established. an indefinite period, they are described below as prohibited ar-
eas, as follows:
Foreign Merchant Vessels 1. Areas where navigation is periodically prohibited that
Foreign non-military vessels enjoy the right of innocent pas- lie within Russian territorial waters; radio warnings are given
sage through Russian territorial waters in accordance with Rus- by PRIP or NAIP of the date on which such an area becomes
sian laws and international treaties; innocent passage is prohibited for navigation.
effected by crossing them without entering Russian internal 2. Areas periodically declared dangerous for navigation,
waters, or by passing through them en route to or from Russian which may also include various firing, danger, and exercise
ports open to foreign vessels. areas, that lie partly or wholly outside Russian territorial wa-
While effecting innocent passage, vessels must follow the ters; radio warnings are given by PRIP or NAIP of the date
customary navigational course or course recommended on which such an area becomes dangerous for navigation.
through sea corridors or in accordance with traffic separation Changes to the regulated areas are announced by PRIP or
schemes. NAVIP.
The master of a foreign non-military vessel which has violat- The Russian Federation authorities place responsibility on
ed the rules of innocent passage is accountable under Russian the ship’s master for any violation of the limits of a regulated
legislation. area.
All foreign vessels when within territorial waters or internal
waters of Russia, must observe radio communication, naviga- Fortified Zones
tional, port, customs, sanitary and other regulations. Fortified Zones are those areas established by the Russian
In the event of an emergency entry into territorial waters, or authorities where special control of navigation exists on a per-
emergency non-observance of rules for navigation and stay in manent basis. Prior permission must be obtained to enter or
these waters, foreign vessels must immediately notify the near- leave such areas, and pilotage through them is compulsory.
est Russian port authority. Special regulations are in force in these zones, and the pilot’s
instructions concerning them must be strictly complied with.
Russian Ports of Entry Navigation through these zones in fog is normally prohibited.
Foreign merchant vessels may call only at ports of entry
where customs stations are located. In 2010, the following Quarantine
Russian ports were open to foreign vessels: Vessels arriving from abroad should display the appropriate
1. Black Sea—Port Anapa, Gelendzhik, Novorossiysk, International Code signal flag by day and a red light over a
Port Taman, Sochi, and Tuapse. white light at night. The vessel shall have no contact with the
2. Sea of Azov—Port Kavkaz, Port Temryuk, Yeysk, Ta- shore until they have been visited by a Port Health Officer and
ganrog, Azov, and Rostov-Na-Donu. have been granted pratique.
3. Baltic Sea—Kaliningrad, Svetlyy, Pionerskiy, Sankt
Petersburg, Primorsk, Ust Luga, Vysotsk, and Vyborg. Regulated Area Locations
The geographical positions which follow are those published
Recommendation on Baltic Sea Navigation in Russian Notices to Mariners and/or Russian publications
The IMO has issued recommendations regarding vessel tran- and therefore relate to Russian charts.
sits of the entrances to the Baltic Sea. For further information, Mariners should not navigate near the limits of these areas,
see Baltic Sea—Regulations. when activated, due to possible graduation differences between
Russian and NGA charts. Unless otherwise stated, the area is
Single-hull Tankers bounded by the lines joining the positions listed in the follow-
It has been reported (2008) that Russia will ban single-hull ing Appendices:
tankers from calling at Russian ports beginning in 2010. 1. Russian Regulated Areas for the Baltic Sea are listed in
Appendix I.
Paris Memorandum of Understanding on Port State Con- 2. Russian Regulated Areas for the Black Sea and the Sea
trol (PMoU) New Inspection Regime (NIR) of Azov are listed in Appendix II.
system for vessels arriving at or departing from a port or an- Search and Rescue
chorage in the Paris MoU region.
The report should be sent electronically through the follow- The Maritime Rescue Coordination Center (MRCC) Mos-
ing web site (http://www.portcall.marinet.ru). kow is responsible for coordinating search and rescue opera-
For further information, see North Atlantic Ocean—Regu- tions and working with search and rescue services of
lations—Paris Memorandum of Understanding on Port neighboring countries.
State Control (PMoU) New Inspection Regime (NIR). The MRCCs can be contacted, as follows:
Pub. 140
600 Russia
1. MRCC Moskow 26°30.0'E. In addition, Estonia and Finland have implemented
a. Telephone: 7-495-626-1052 mandatory ship reporting systems to their national water areas
b. Facsimile: 7-495-623-7476 outside VTS areas. These reporting systems provide the same
c. E-mail: [email protected] services and make the same requirements of shipping as the
[email protected] system operating in international waters; further information
2. MRCC Kaliningrad on these systems can be found in Pub. 195, Sailing Directions
a. Telephone: 7-4012-579471 (Enroute) Gulf of Finland and Gulf of Bothnia.
7-4012-579473 The mandatory ship reporting system in the international wa-
7-4012-538153 ters of the Gulf of Finland, including the national mandatory
7-4012-632443 ship reporting systems of Estonia and Finland, are collectively
7-4012-538470 (Maritime Assis- referred to as GOFREP; the area of coverage is referred to as
tance Center) the GOFREP area. Further information on GOFREP can be
b. Facsimile: 7-4012-538470 found in Baltic Sea—Appendix II.
7-4012-643199 (Maritime Assis-
tance Center) Signals
3. MRCC Saint Peterburg Anchor Signals
a. Telephone: 7-812-3274147 Vessels using a kedge anchor show, by day, a red flag, or at
7-812-2541673 night a white light on the anchor cable at half the height of the
7-812-4956995 ship’s side. These signals are additional to those prescribed by
b. Facsimile: 7-812-3274146 the International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea.
4. MRCC Novorossiysk Dredge Signals
a. Telephone: 7-8617-676417 Dredges in Russian waters show the appropriate lights or
7-8617-676418 shapes as prescribed in the International Regulations for Pre-
7-8617-635543 venting Collisions at Sea. These signals should only be inter-
b. Facsimile: 7-8617-676420 preted as an indication of the side on which the dredge wishes
7-8617-619424 to allow the approaching vessel to pass.
c. E-mail: [email protected] The approaching vessel should reduce speed to the minimum
5. MRSC Taman necessary for steerage way before arriving at a distance of 0.5
a. Telephone: 7-929-8467886 mile from the dredge; one prolonged blast should be sounded.
7-928-2607240 The dredge will, in addition to showing the proper signals, con-
b. Facsimile: 7-928-2093300 firm the side on which the dredged is to be passed, as follows:
A network of coast radio stations maintains a continuous lis- Russia—Dredge Signals
tening watch on international distress frequencies for distress
Signal Meaning
traffic.
Rescue craft on the Baltic Sea coast are maintained at the One long blast Leave me on your port side.
following locations: Two long blasts Leave me on your starboard side.
1. Sestroetsk (60°06'N., 29°57'E.).
2. Mys Lisiy Nos (60°01'N., 29°58'E.). Three long blasts No passage. Wait until clear.
3. Lomonosov(59°55'N., 29°46'E.).
4. Petrovorets (59°53'N., 29°54'E.). If no answering signal is received from the dredge, the vessel
5. Strelna (59°52'N., 30°03'E.) (summer only). must assume that passage on both sides of the dredge is closed.
6. Baltiysk (54°39'N., 19°54'E.).
7. Mys Taran (54°58'N., 19°59'E.). Vessels Engaged in Special Operations
8. A rescue station 6 miles NNE of Baltiysk. Russian vessels, engaged in survey operations, display a blue
Emergency search and rescue operations in territorial waters pennant having on it a white disc bearing the figure of a light-
of Russia are normally carried out by Russian rescue units. house.
However, vessels whose governments have an international Russian vessels, except for dredges, engaged in special oper-
agreement with the government of Russia will, in exceptional ations in narrow waters such as cable laying, servicing naviga-
circumstances, be given permission to participate in rescue op- tional aids, or surveying will display the appropriate signals
erations. from COLREGS 1972. Vessels approaching such a ship must
reduce speed and sound one prolonged blast when at a distance
of 0.5 mile. Approaching vessels shall not pass the ship en-
Ship Reporting System gaged in special operations until that ship has lowered or extin-
guished the special signals being displayed.
GOFREP.—The Gulf of Finland Reporting System (GOF- Vessels engaged in special operations should cease work
REP) is a mandatory ship reporting system. It covers the inter- and, if possible, proceed to the edge of the channel when ap-
national waters in the Gulf of Finland E of the Western proached by a vessel displaying the signal for a vessel con-
Reporting Line and Russian territorial waters W of longitude strained by its draft.
Pub. 140
Russia 601
Fishing Vessels vessels, as follows:

Mariners are cautioned that, in certain waters of the Baltic 1. Firing two red flares at a very short interval between
Sea and Gulf of Finland, Russian fishing vessels may be en- them.
countered at night showing lights additional to those described 2. Circling to the left over the vessel at a safe distance
in the International Rules of the Road. and height while rapidly flashing its navigation or landing
These lights are white, red, green and blue, the brightest be- lights until the vessel stops or until radio contact is estab-
ing a red light with a visibility of at least 1 mile; the remaining lished with it.
lights have a visibility of not less than 750m. 3. Transmitting the signals and phrases specified by the
Mariners are advised on sighting these fishing vessels, to International Code of Signals or sending orders to stop the
give them a berth of not less than 2 miles. vessel using radiotelephone communications.
Aircraft will use the call sign “Sokol,” on 121.5 MHz or
Lightships Not on Station 243.0 MHz (4125.0 kHz and 6215.0 kHz as a reserve, if neces-
A lightship, not on station, that has broken loose from its an- sary) when establishing contact.
chor shall discontinue its characteristic light and fog signal Ships that have been given either of these signals must stop
and, if possible, lower its daymark and hoist the following sig- and remain stopped until permission to proceed is received
nals: from the guardship.
1. By day—Two large black balls, one in the bow, the Should entry or navigation into a given area be unrestricted
other in the stern. and no special signal or instruction regarding further move-
2. At night—Two red lights, one in the bow, the other in ments have been made or given by the guardship or coast guard
the stern. station, an incoming vessel is free to proceed to its destination,
A lightship that has broken loose from its anchor shall, in ad- but must observe such regulations as may already have been
dition to the above, take the following precautions: promulgated.
1. By day, hoist the signal “LO” of the International Code Should Russian naval vessels be present in any restricted ar-
of Signals, meaning “I am not in my charted position.” ea, and should no special regulations concerning navigation
2. By night, burn red and white pyrotechnic lights simul- with it have been issued, then approaching vessels must not
taneously at least once every 15 minutes. pass between such naval vessels. At night, warships may dis-
play a white light over a red light, visible all around the horizon
Special Warning Signals at a distance of not less than 3 miles.
It may at times be necessary to prohibit entry of shipping in-
to certain Russian territorial waters and under these conditions
a special warning service consisting of special warships, guard- Submarine Warning Signals
ships, examination vessels, or coast guard stations will be es- The following signal is used to warn foreign submarines
tablished. Mariners are cautioned on approaching such waters which are submerged:
to maintain a good lookout for these vessels which will show 1. A series of three explosions at 1 minute intervals, fol-
the following signals: lowed after an interval of 3 minutes by a second series of
1. By day—A blue triangular flag. three explosions—You have entered territorial waters. Come
2. By night—Three blue lights, vertically disposed. to the surface immediately. If you do not surface in 10 min-
Should any vessel approach an area where entry to or navi- utes you will be fired upon.
gation within is prohibited, the patrol vessel, guardship, or 2. An acoustic signal by sonar may be given simultane-
coast guard station shall in addition to the above signals, show ously, with the same meaning as above. The signal will con-
the following signals: sist of five dashes, each dash 3 seconds long, with the
1. By day—Three red balls, in a triangle, point up. interval between dashes being 3 seconds.
2. By night—Three red lights, vertically aligned.
The above information is not to be construed to mean every Tidal Signals
restricted area will be guarded, and vessels proceeding into Signals are displayed to indicate the height of the water level
these waters should have on board the latest available informa- above chart datum, in units of 20 cm, as follows:
tion pertaining to navigation off the coastal areas of Russian.
Vessels of the Russian Federal Security Service Border Day Signal Night Signal Meaning
Guard wishing to stop non-naval vessels will signal these ves-
sels, as follows: Black cone, point White light over Falling water lev-
1. By day—International Code flag L from the mast. down green light el
2. By night—Two green lights, vertically disposed, on Black cone, point Green light over
the mast above the masthead light. Rising water level
up white light
3. Firing two green flares at a very short distance between
Height of water
them. White cylinder Red light
4. Transmitting the signals and phrases specified by the level—0.5 unit
International Code of Signals or sending orders to stop the Black cone, point Height of water
Green light
vessel using radiotelephone communications. down level—1 unit
Russian Border Guard vessels will use the call sign “Velbot,”
Height of water
on VHF channel 16 or 2182 kHz, when establishing contact. Black cylinder Red light
level—5 units
Aircraft wishing to stop non-naval vessels will signal these
Pub. 140
602 Russia
Day Signal Night Signal Meaning Day Signal Night Signal Meaning
Height of water Movement of
Black ball White light Black ball be- Red light be-
level—25 units small warships,
tween two black tween two white
launches, boats
cylinders, verti- lights, vertically
Towing Signals prohibited in har-
cally disposed disposed
The following sound signals are used by the vessel being bor and roads
towed:
Note.—All signals are disposed vertically; all the day signal
Signal Meaning shapes are black.
Tow straight ahead or
One long blast
astern (as appropriate)
Submarine Operating Areas
Two long blasts Stop engines
One long blast, one short Warships of the Navy of Russia escorting submarines will,
Reduce speed for purposes of warning vessels of the presence of submarines
blast
in a particular sea area, hoist the flag signal “NE 2” of the In-
One short blast, one long ternational Code of Signals, meaning “You should proceed
Increase speed
blast with particular caution; submarine exercises are in progress in
One long blast, one short this area.”
Let go or take up tow Warships of Russia shall, if possible, also transmit the fact
blast, one long blast
by radio in plain language on the established international fre-
One short blast Tow to starboard quency, 500 kHz.
Two short blasts Tow to port During darkness, specially assigned warships shall warn ap-
proaching vessels of the presence of submarines by using for
Three short blasts Go full speed astern
the purpose all communication means available to them.
Three long blasts, one short Approaching vessels shall set their courses so as not to inter-
Tug required
blast fere with the movements of the warships displaying the signals
Five or more short blasts Stop moving immediately indicated, and shall ensure that these latter have adequate room
in which to maneuver. If, for whatever reason, a vessel is un-
able to meet these requirements, such vessel should reduce
When two tugs are employed, one will be directed by the speed to as slow as possible until such time as the danger area
ship’s whistle and the other by oral whistle signals. Signals giv- has been transmitted to it, or until such time as instructions as
en by the towed ship must be repeated by the tug. to a safe course are received.
The vessel shall, at the same time, keep a sharp lookout for
Traffic Signals submarines, the presence of which can be detected only if they
Signals regulating entry to and departure from the Russian are at a depth when the periscope, snorkel, parabolic radar an-
Federation ports are, as follows: tenna, or DF loop is visible.
All these devices can be mistaken for the brooms used as
Day Signal Night Signal Meaning topmarks, logs, and other floating objects, because of their ex-
Three black balls, Three red lights, ternal appearance. However, if they are in fact extendible de-
Entry forbidden vices of a submarine they usually will leave a wake.
vertically dis- vertically dis-
due to obstruction A submarine, moreover, sometimes can be detected because
posed posed
of air bubbles coming to the surface, or because of a red and
Black cone, point White light be-
Entry temporarily white float, or buoy, towed astern and visible on the surface.
up, between two tween two red
prohibited—Nor- A surfaced submarine can be detected at night by its running
black balls, verti- lights, vertically
mal operations lights, and by the fixed white lights of emergency signal buoys
cally disposed disposed
which can be lighted by the submarine in good time while it
Black cone, point Entry and exit still is submerged. In some cases the presence of a submarine
Green light over
down, above temporarily pro- in the area can be made known by its submerged firing of sig-
white light over
black cone, point hibited—Normal nal cartridges which form a colored smoke in the daytime, and
red light
up, over black ball operations by a similarly colored flare at night.
A vessel observing the extendible devices of a submarine, a
Black cone, point
White light be- towed float or buoy, the fact of running lights showing as well
down, above Exit temporarily
tween two green as the fixed white lights of emergency signal buoys, or the fir-
black cone, point prohibited—Nor-
lights, vertically ing of signal cartridges shall sheer off immediately so as to
up, over black mal operations
disposed leave them astern, or back down or stop its engine, so as to pass
cone, point down
clear of the submarine at a safe distance.
Pub. 140
Russia 603
Mariners should, however, be aware of the fact that surface Russian submarines display their navigation lights in special
warships do not always escort submarines engaged in exercis- positions, as follows:
es, or making passage. 1. One steaming light on the upper part of the front edge
of the fin.
Sunken Submarines 2. Side lights on the relevant side of the fin in its central
When a Russian submarine is in distress and cannot surface part.
it can indicate its position by releasing to the surface an emer- 3. One or two stern lights. When one light is displayed it
gency signal buoy, fuel or lubricating oil, or air bubbles. will be carried on the stern or on the rear edge of the vertical
Submarines of the Navy of Russia are fitted with two emer- stabilizer. When two lights are carried they are situated on
gency signal buoys, one in the bow and the other in the stern. the rear part of the fin.
The emergency signal buoys are shaped like a truncated cone 4. Anchor lights are placed on the bow section and on the
with a flat bottom and a spherical upper part (the buoy can, in stern or vertical stabilizer. On submarines with a high stabi-
some cases, be shaped like an oblate spheroid). The buoy di- lizer the stern anchor light may be replaced by two lights set
ameter is about 0.9 to 1.25m; the height is about 0.4 to 0.7m. on the sides of the stabilizer with a total arc of visibility of
The body of the buoy rises about 0.4 to 0.6m above the sur- greater than 360°.
face. The buoy is red, with the upper part having three red sec- 5. Not under command lights and other all round visibili-
tors alternating with three white sectors. One of the white ty lights may be raised on a mast, not less than 2.5m in
sectors carries a black H, or a black K. The letter H signifies height, on the fin.
that the buoy is the bow buoy; the letter K that the buoy is the Submarines may carry one or two special identification
stern buoy. The buoys are visible for about 2 miles. lights for timely recognition when in restricted waters, and in
A quick flashing white light (70 flashes per minute) visible areas in which traffic is heavy. They are quick flashing (100
for 5 miles, is shown from the center of the upper part of the flashes per minute) orange lights visible all around the horizon,
buoy. located in the submarines fore and aft plane.
A mariner sighting evidence on the surface that a submarine One light is installed on top and in the middle of the conning
is in distress shall, with the maximum accuracy, fix the position tower, at least 1.5m above the masthead light. The other is in
of an oil slick, or of the appearance of air bubbles, and report the stern on the submarine, or on a stabilizer. All ships, upon
this to the nearest Russian port authorities. seeing these lights, shall take immediate, decisive measures to
If an emergency signal buoy is spotted, the fact shall be re- pass the submarine at a safe distance.
ported immediately to the nearest Russian port, such report to
include the exact position of the buoy, and time spotted, and Time Zone
communications shall be established with the submarine over
the emergency signal buoy telephone. Russia is covered by multiple time zones. The boundaries
To establish communications with the submarine, open the between the zones are irregular; the principal towns in each
cover on the well in the buoy (by removing the wing nuts, or by zone are listed in Appendix VIII in the table titled Russia—
backing off the nuts with a wrench), secure it, remove the Time Zones. Daylight Savings Time is not observed.
handset from the rubber case, and call by pressing the button
on the end of the rubber bulb. Traffic Separation Schemes
Upon receiving a response, release the button and begin to
talk. Now further action on the part of the mariner will depend Traffic Separation Schemes (TSS) on the Baltic Sea coast of
entirely on the concrete situation in which the submarine may Russia are, as follows:
be in and on the status of its crew. 1. Off Seskar Island (Ostrov Seskar). (Government of
Vessels, cutters, or boats should not tie up to an emergency Russia)
signal buoy, nor lift it on board. 2. In Vyborgskiy Zaliv. (Government of Russia)
3. Off Sommers Island (Ostrov Sommers). (IMO adopt-
Russian Submarine Lights ed)
The design features of submarines prevent them from fully 4. Off Hogland Island (Ostrov Gogland). (IMO adopted)
complying with the provisions of Rules of the Road with re- 5. Off Rodsher Island (Ostrov Rodsher). (IMO adopted)
spect to ships’ lights. Traffic Separation Schemes (TSS) on the Black Sea coast of
The low position of the running lights, the small vertical Russia are, as follows:
spacing, and the closeness together of the masthead and side 1. In the Southern Approaches to Kerch Strait (Kercehns-
lights all work to give an incorrect idea of the length of the sub- kiy Proliv). (IMO adopted)
marine, its exact course, and even more to the point, of changes 2. In the Northern Approaches to Kerch Strait (Kercehns-
in course. This is why submarine lights can be mistaken for kiy Proliv). (Governments of Russia and Ukraine)
those of a small vessel, or a cutter, moving at slow speed. 3. Approaches to Novorossiysk. (Government of Russia)
Mariners should always be aware of the special features of
the placement of submarine lights, and take all precautionary U.S. Embassy
measures necessary when passing submarines, particularly in
fairways, in narrow waters, and in the entrances (exits) of bays The U.S. Embassy is situated at Bolshoy Devyatinskiy Pere-
and gulfs. ulok No. 8, 121099 Moscow.
Pub. 140
604 Russia
The mailing address is PSC-77, APO AE (09721). 12. Zaliv Aniva (Korsakov and the Prigorodnoye Termi-
nal) 3 (46°35'N., 142°50'E.).
U. S. Embassy Russia Home Page 13. Vanino 3 (49°05'N., 140°17'E.).
http://moscow.usembassy.gov 14. Novorossiysk 4 (44°43'N., 37°48'E.).
15. Sochi 4 (43°35., 39°43.).
16. Tuapse 4 (44°05., 39°04.).
Vessel Traffic Service 17. Taganrog (Sea of Azov, including Azov Port) 4 (47°
14'N., 38°57'E.).
1. Arkhangelsk 1 (64°32'N., 40°31'E.). 1
2. Murmansk1 (69°03'N., 33°03'E.). (Enroute) North Coast of Russia.
3. Saint Petersburg (Sankt Petersburg) Coastal VTS 2 2
For further information, see Pub. 195 (Sailing Directions
(60°09'N., 28° 24'E.). (Enroute) Gulf of Finland and Gulf of Bothnia.
4. Saint Petersburg (Sankt Petersburg) 2 (60°09'N., 28° 3 For further information, see Pub. 155 (Sailing Directions
24'E.). (Enroute) East Coast of Russia.
5. Vyborg (including Vostok) 2 (60°42'N., 28°44'E.). 4
These Vessel Traffic Services are operated by ports in the
6. Ust-Luga 2 (59°40'N., 28°19'E.). Black Sea and the Sea of Azov. Further information on each
7. Kaliningrad 2 (54°42'N., 20°27'E.). VTS can be found, as follows:
8. Primorsk 2 (60°20'N., 28°43'E.). 1. Novorossiysk—See Appendix III.
9. Zaliv Petra Velikogo (Peter the Great) 3 (42°38'N., 2. Port Kavkaz—See Appendix IV.
131°55'E.). 3. Sochi—See Appendix V.
10. Nakhodka 3 (42°49'N., 132°54'E.). 4. Tuapse—See Appendix VI.
11. Vladivostock 3 (43°05'N., 131°52'E.). 5. Taganrog—See Appendix VII.
Pub. 140
Russia 605
Appendix I—Regulated Navigation Areas (Baltic Sea)

Areas Prohibited for Navigation positions:
a. 59°40.2'N, 25°42.7'E.
Malyy Kronshtadtskiy b. 59°40.7'N, 25°42.7'E.
Area 69A—Area bounded by lines joining the following po- c. 59°38.2'N, 25°11.9'E.
sitions: d. 59°34.4'N, 25°11.9'E.
a. 59°58'07.8''N, 29°46'09.6'''E. e. 59°30.4'N, 25°00.4'E.
b. 59°58'33.6''N, 29°46'09.6''E.
c. 59°58'15.0''N, 29°46'46.2''E. Zaliv Muuga to Tallinskiy Zaliv
d. 59°58'07.8''N, 29°46'46.2''E. Area bounded by the coast and lines joining the following
Area 69B—Area bounded by lines joining the following po- positions:
sitions: a. 59°30.08'N, 24°54.96'E.
a. 59°58'13.2''N, 29°47'12.0''E. b. 59°35.35'N, 25°01.50'E.
b. 59°58'12.0''N, 29°47'06.0''E. c. 59°35.35'N, 25°06.86'E.
c. 59°58'28.2''N, 29°46'34.2''E. d. 59°37.63'N, 25°05.00'E.
d. 59°58'32.4''N, 29°46'46.8''E. e. 59°37.40'N, 25°02.10'E.
and the coast along the S and W coasts of Ostrov Pranglin
Northwest of Ostrov Vikrevoy to point f.
Area No. 71—Area bounded by the coast and lines joining f. 59°38.70'N, 24°58.30'E.
the following positions: g. 59°36.00'N, 24°43.90'E.
a. 60°36.25'N, 28°23.29'E. h. 59°34.90'N, 24°44.50'E.
b. 60°34.39'N, 28°17.40'E. and continuing along the coast to point i.
i. 59°34.30'N, 24°45.60'E.
Approaches to Proliv B’yerkezund j. 59°34.30'N, 24°47.90'E.
Area No. 73—Area bounded by the shoreline and lines join-
a. 60°15'42.0''N, 28°55'00.0''E. Ostrov Naissaar to Ostrov Osmussaar
b. 60°15'42.0''N, 28.53'31.8''E. Area bounded by the coast and lines joining the following
c. 60°17'33.0''N, 28.50'30.0''E. positions:
d. 60°19'09.0'', 28°24'14.4''E. a. 59°29.3'N, 24°42.5'E.
b. 59°32.5'N, 24°34.0'E.
Ostrov Seskar then along the W coast of Ostrov Naissaar to point c.
Area No. 75—Area bounded by lines joining the following c. 59°36.3'N, 24°30.9'E.
positions: d. 59°37.7'N, 24°30.9'E.
a. 59°59.3'N, 28°14.0'E. e. 59°18.2'N, 24°21.7'E.
b. 60°06.2'N, 28°14.0'E. then along the E coast of Ostrov Osmussaar to point f.
c. 60°01.8'N, 28°25.4'E. f. 59°16.5'N, 23°24.7'E.
d. 59°59.3'N, 28°25.4'E. g. 59°13.7'N, 23°30.7'E.
Northeast of Mys Kurgal’skiy Gulf of Gdansk—East Side

Area No. 77—Area bounded by the coast and lines joining Area No. 104—Area bounded by the coast and lines joining
the following positions: the following positions:
a. 59°44.5'N, 28°01.5'E. a. 54°43.6'N, 19°56.7'E.
b. 59°44.5'N, 28°00.0'E. b. 54°43.6'N, 19°53.0'E.
c. 59°52.5'N, 28°00.0'E. c. 54°44.1'N, 19°53.0'E.
d. 59°52.5'N, 28°10.0'E. d. 54°44.1'N, 19°57.0'E.
e. 59°47.0'N, 28°10.0'E. Area No. 109—Area bounded by the coast and lines joining
West of Ostrov Moshchnyy a. 54°38'23.4''N, 19°54'33.0''E.
Area No. 78—Area bounded by lines joining the following b. 54°38'24.0''N, 19°54'45.0''E.
positions: c. 54°38'20.4''N, 19°54'44.4''E.
a. 60°05.4'N, 27°34.0'E. d. 54°38'20.4''N, 19°54'39.0''E.
b. 60°00.5'N, 27°16.5'E. Area No. 111—Area bounded by lines joining the following
c. 59°51.7'N, 27°26.5'E. positions:
d. 59°56.7'N, 27°44.0'E. a. 54°39.0'N, 19°33.0'E.
b. 54°42.0'N, 19°33.0'E.
Zaliv Hara Laht to Zaliv Muuga c. 54°42.0'N, 19°36.0'5.
Area bounded by the coast and lines joining the following d. 54°39.0'N, 19°36.5'E.
Pub. 140
606 Russia
Areas Periodically Prohibited for Navigation Due to Firing Areas With Above and Underwater Navigational Dangers
Practices and Exercises
Gulf of Gdansk—East Coast
Gulf of Gdansk—East Coast Area No. 326—Area surrounding a wreck bounded by the
Area No. 117—Area bounded by lines joining the following coastline and the arc of a circle, with a radius of 1 mile, cen-
positions: tered on position 54°55.55'N, 19°55.57'E.
a. 54°50.0'N, 19°25.0'E. Area No. 327—Area surrounding a drilling platform bound-
b. 55°54.0'N, 19°03.0'E. ed by the arc of a circle, with a radius of 0.3 mile, centered on
c. 55°30.0'N, 20°15.0'E. position 54°45.45'N, 19°46.65'E.
d. 55°04.0'N, 20°15.0'E. Area No. 328—Area surrounding a drilling platform bound-
e. 54°57.5'N, 20°06.0'E. ed by the arc of a circle, with a radius of 0.3 mile, centered on
f. 54°57.5'N, 19°55.0'E. position 55°18.40'N, 20°34.85'E.
g. 54°50.0'N, 19°50.0'E. Area No. 329—Area bounded by lines joining the following
Area No. 117A—Area bounded by lines joining the follow- positions:
ing positions: a. 54°46.80'N, 19°54.35'E.
a. 54°50.0'N, 19°25.0'E. b. 54°47.70'N, 19°54.35'E.
b. 55°20.0'N, 19°15.0'E. c. 54°47.70'N, 19°56.60'E.
c. 55°20.0'N, 20°15.0'E. d. 54°47.80'N, 19°56.60'E.
d. 55°04.0'N, 20°15.0'E.
e. 54°57.5'N, 20°06.0'E. Areas Prohibited for Stopping, Anchoring, Fishing, Under-
f. 54°57.5'N, 19°55.0'E. water and Dredging Operations, Navigating With a Trail-
g. 54°50.0'N, 19°50.0'E. ing Anchor, and Underwater Explosions
positions: Leningrad Guba
a. 54°46.4'N, 19°39.6'E. Area No. 156—Area E of the meridian 29°E and bounded
b. 55°00.0'N, 19°39.6'E. by the coast.
c. 55°00.0'N, 19°50.7'E.
d. 54°46.4'N, 19°50.7'E. North of Zaliv Hara Laht
positions: positions:
a. 55°02.0'N, 19°39.6'E. a. 59°41'30.0''N, 25°27'18.0''E.
b. 55°09.5'N, 19°45.3'E. b. 59°45'30.0''N, 25°27'18.0''E.
c. 55°09.5'N, 20°00.0'E. c. 59°45'30.0''N, 25°35'12.0''E.
d. 55°02.0'N, 20°00.0'E. d. 59°40'00.0''N, 25°39'06.0''E.
e. 59°39'40.2''N, 25°36'37.2''E.
positions: Viire Kurk
a. 54°50.3'N, 19°20.3'E. Area No. 185—Area bounded by the shoreline and lines
b. 55°26.0'N, 19°03.0'E. joining the following positions:
c. 55°26.0'N, 19°47.0'E. a. 58°34.30'N, 23°23.55'E.
d. 55°03.0'N, 19°35.0'E. b. 58°34.45'N, 23°24.22'E.
e. 54°46.4'N, 19°35.0'E. c. 58°34.54'N, 23°30.62'E.
Area No. 65A—Area bounded by lines joining the following d. 58°33.62'N, 23°30.80'E.
positions: e. 58°33.00'N, 23°24.45'E.
a. 54°50.3'N, 19°20.3'E.
b. 55°09.0'N, 19°10.3'E. Bukhta Kihelkonna Laht
c. 55°09.0'N, 19°38.1'E. Area No. 187—Area bounded by the shoreline and lines
e. 54°46.4'N, 19°35.0'E. a. 58°23.46'N, 21°54.13'E.
Area No. 65B—Area bounded by lines joining the following b. 58°24.00'N, 21°53.98'E.
positions: c. 58°24.23'N, 21°54.80'E.
a. 55°09.0'N, 19°10.3'E. d. 58°24.58'N, 21°57.40'E.
b. 55°26.0'N, 19°03.0'E. e. 58°24.19'N, 21°58.01'E.
c. 55°26.0'N, 19°47.0'E. f. 58°23.47'N, 21°54.70'E.
d. 55°09.0'N, 19°38.1'E.
Area No. 42—Area bounded by lines joining the following Rizhskiy Zaliv
positions: Area No. 193—Area bounded by 56°59.4'N and 56°59.1'N,
a. 55°07.6'N, 20°08.0'E. the shoreline, and 24°05.9'E.
b. 55°20.0'N, 20°08.0'E.
c. 55°20.0'N, 20°30.0'E. Approaches to Port Ventspils
d. 55°07.6'N, 20°30.0'E. Area No. 197—Area bounded by the shoreline and lines
Pub. 140
Russia 607
joining the following positions: Explosives Dumping Areas

a. 57°24.33'N, 21°31.60'E.
b. 57°24.33'N, 21°31.45'E. North of Ostrov Narvi
c. 57°26.20'N, 21°28.90'E. Area No. 210—A circular area with a radius of 0.5 mile and
d. 57°25.95'N, 21°25.80'E. centered on position 60°17'N, 27°57'E.
e. 57°26.65'N, 21°24.85'E.
f. 57°30.50'N, 21°29.20'E. North of Naissaar
g. 57°30.50'N, 21°25.10'E. Area No. 211—Area bounded by lines joining the following
h. 57°24.30'N, 21°20.00'E. positions:
i. 57°19.50'N, 21°27.73'E. a. 59°42.5'N, 24°23.8'E.
b. 59°43.0'N, 24°26.8'E.
c. 59°40.4'N, 24°30.3'E.
Southwest of Mys Taran d. 59°40.0'N, 24°27.3'E.
Area No. 159—Area bounded by the shoreline and lines
joining the following positions: Northeast of Osmussaar
a. 54°27.6'N, 19°38.5'E. Area No. 179—A circular area with a radius of 3.7 miles
b. 54°36.0'N, 19°25.0'E. and centered on position 59°20.1'N, 23°32.2'E.
c. 54°45.0'N, 19°37.0'E.
d. 54°57.6'N, 19°37.0'E. East of Abruka Saar
e. 54°57.6'N, 19°58.6'E. Area No. 212—Area bounded by lines joining the following
positions:
Area No. 161—Area bounded by the shoreline and lines a. 58°09.8'N, 22°51'E.
joining the following positions: b. 58°09.8'N, 22°53'E.
a. 54°38.52'N, 19°52.53'E. c. 58°08.3'N, 22°53'E.
b. 54°38.72'N, 19°52.82'E. d. 58°08.3'N, 22°51'E.
c. 54°38.40'N, 19°53.43'E.
d. 54°38.20'N, 19°53.12'E. Southwest of Liepaja
Area No. 213—A circular area with a radius of 0.5 mile and
centered on position 56°21.8'N, 19°45.0'E.
Nevskaya Guba Area No. 214—Area bounded by lines joining the following
Area No. 241—Area bounded by lines joining the following positions:
positions: a. 56°16'N, 18°39'E.
a. 59°56.6'N, 29°55.0'E. b. 56°16'N, 18°51'E.
b. 59°57.6'N, 29°55.0'E. c. 56°20'N, 18°55'E.
c. 59°57.2'N, 29°57.5'E. d. 56°20'N, 19°31'E.
d. 59°56.2'N, 29°57.5'E. e. 56°07'N, 19°15'E.
Note.—Vessels not engaged in fishing are prohibited from f. 55°56'N, 19°15'E.
this area. g. 55°56'N, 18°39'E.
Pub. 140
Russia 609
Appendix II—Regulated Navigation Areas (Black Sea and the Sea of Azov)
Caution.—Many Regulated Navigation Areas are not chart- d. 44°35.5'N, 37°52.9'E.
ed. Information on those areas described as having unknown e. 44°36.4'N, 37°54.4'E.
boundaries should be obtained from local authorities. f. 44°37.9'N, 37°54.4'E.
Areas Prohibited for Navigation Bukhta Imeretinskaya

Area No. 650—Area of unknown boundaries in the vicinity
Novorossiyskaya Bukhta of position 43°23'N, 39°58'E.
Area 113—Area bounded by the shoreline and lines joining
the following positions: Approaches to Arkhipo-Osipovka
a. 44°42'36''N, 37°47'10''E. (shore) Area No. 652—Area bounded by lines joining the following
b. 44°42'36''N, 37°48'08''E. positions:
c. 44°42'13''N, 37°47'21''E. a. 44°19.9'N, 38°36.5'E.
d. 44°42'13''N, 37°46.77'E. (shore) b. 44°18.0'N, 38°34.9'E.
c. 44°16.2'N, 38°31.7'E.
Mys Penay d. 44°19.1'N, 38°24.1'E.
Area No. 146—Area bounded by lines joining the following e. 44°21.3'N, 38°27.1'E.
positions:
a. 44°40'42''N, 37°52'41''E. Bukhta Dzhubga
b. 44°40'42''N, 37°52'58''E. Area No. 653—Area of unknown boundaries in the vicinity
c. 44°40'32''N, 37°52'58''E. of position 44°18'N, 38°43'E.
d. 44°40'32''N, 37°52'41''E.
South of Novorossiyskaya Bukhta
Northwest of Mys Vylazki (Sea of Azov) Area No. 664—Area bounded by lines joining the following
Area No. 157—A circular area with a radius of 2 miles and positions:
centered on position 46°47.0'N, 38°03.9'E. a. 44°32.4'N, 37°52.9'E.
b. 44°27.3'N, 37°42.5'E.
Southwest of Bukhta Gelendzhikskaya c. 44°21.5'N, 37°57.0'E.
Area No. 133—A circular area with a radius of 0.4 mile and d. 44°21.8'N, 37°57.4'E.
Bukhta Rybatskaya
Novorossiyskaya Bukhta Area No. 666—Area bounded by the shoreline and lines
Area No. 649—Area bounded by the shoreline and lines joining the following positions:
joining the following positions: a. 44°34.5'N, 37°58.5'E. (shore)
a. 44°43'01.0''N, 37°50'11.2''E. (shore) b. 44°34.3'N, 37°57.9'E.
b. 44°42'17.5''N, 37°48'59.7''E. c. 44°34.2'N, 37°58.0'E.
c. 44°41'23.2''N, 37°49'36.6''E. d. 44°33.7'N, 37°58.9'E.
d. 44°41'23.2''N, 37°52'09.3''E. (shore) e. 44°33.9'N, 37°59.1'E.
f. 44°34.1'N, 37°59.0'E. (shore)
Note.—For Areas Prohibited for Navigation off the Black
Sea and Sea of Azov coasts of Ukraine, see Ukraine—Regu- West of Mys Myskhako
lated Areas. Area No. 670—Area bounded by the shoreline and lines
Areas Prohibited for Stopping, Anchoring, Fishing, Under- a. 44°40'08''N, 37°39'22''E. (shore)
water and Dredging Operations, Navigating With a Trail- b. 44°37'15''N, 37°41'37''E.
ing Anchor, and Underwater Explosions c. 44°36'00''N, 37°40'25''E.
d. 44°36'36''N, 37°35'01''E.
Mouth of the Reka Ozyereyka e. 44°38'14''N, 37°34'58''E.
Area No. 647—Area bounded by the shoreline and the sea- f. 44°40'12''N, 37°38'07''E. (shore)
ward portion of a circular area with a radius of about 0.2 mile
and centered on position 44°40'08''N, 37°37'31''E. Approaches to Novorossiyskaya Bukhta
Area No. 671—A circular area with a radius of 0.27 mile
Mys Myskhako to Mys Doob (Approaches to Novorossiys- and centered on position 44°35'57.5''N, 37°52'47.2''E.
kaya Bukhta)
Area No. 648—Area bounded by lines joining the following Note.—For Areas Prohibited for Stopping, Anchoring, Fish-
positions: ing, Underwater and Dredging Operations, Navigating With a
a. 44°38.9'N, 37°44.2'E. Trailing Anchor, and Underwater Explosions off the Black Sea
b. 44°37.9'N, 37°43.7'E. and Sea of Azov coasts of Ukraine, see Ukraine—Regulated
c. 44°35.5'N, 37°45.9'E. Areas.
Pub. 140
610 Russia
Areas Temporarily Dangerous to Navigation joining the following positions:
a. 46°39.5'N, 37°47.2'E. (shore)
West of Mys Anapskiy b. 46°45.9'N, 37°45.4'E.
approximate positions: d. 46°42.7'N, 38°15.4'E. (shore)
a. 44°46.5'N, 36°52.0'E. Note.—For Areas Used Periodically for Fleet Exercises off
b. 44°57.5'N, 36°52.0'E. the Black Sea coast of Ukraine, see Ukraine—Regulated Ar-
c. 44°53.5'N, 37°15.0'E. eas.
d. 44°42.0'N, 37°20.0'E.
Southwest of Novorossiyskaya Bukhta Explosives Dumping Areas

of position 44°28'N, 37°08'E Southeast of Kerchenskiy Proliv
Area No. 746—Area of unknown boundaries in the vicinity Area No. 87—A circular area with a radius of 1 mile and
of position 44°27'N, 37°01'E. centered on position 44°40.2'N, 36°44.7'E.
Area No. 747—Area of unknown boundaries in the vicinity Area No. 88—Area bounded by lines joining the following
of position 44°30'N, 37°10'E. positions:
Area No. 748—Area of unknown boundaries in the vicinity a. 44°34.0'N, 36°46.7'E.
of position 44°23'N, 37°00'E. b. 44°34.0'N, 36°54.1'E.
Area No. 749—Area of unknown boundaries in the vicinity c. 44°28.8'N, 36°54.1'E.
of position 44°30'N, 37°24'E. d. 44°28.8'N, 36°46.7'E.
South of Novorossiyskaya Bukhta Southeast of Novorossiyskaya Bukhta

of position 44°11'N, 37°53'E. positions:
Area No. 751—Area of unknown boundaries in the vicinity a. 45°32.0'N, 37°40.0'E.
of position 44°06'N, 37°48'E. b. 45°32.0'N, 37°46.2'E.
Area No. 752—Area of unknown boundaries in the vicinity c. 44°29.0'N, 37°46.2'E.
of position 44°21'N, 37°47'E. d. 44°29.0'N, 37°40.0'E.
Southwest of Gelendzhikskaya Bukhta Southwest of Port Tuapse

positions: positions:
a. 44°32'30''N, 37°52'55''E. a. 44°05.3'N, 38°46.0'E.
b. 44°33'54''N, 37°54'19''E. b. 44°05.3'N, 38°50.0'E.
c. 44°32'18''N, 37°59'43''E. c. 44°02.3'N, 38°50.0'E.
d. 44°30'30''N, 37°57'55''E. d. 44°02.3'N, 38°46.0'E.
Note.—For Areas Temporarily Dangerous to Navigation off Area No. 91—Area bounded by lines joining the following
the Black Sea and Sea of Azov coasts of Ukraine, see positions:
Ukraine—Regulated Areas. a. 43°57.0'N, 38°54.0'E.
For Areas Temporarily Dangerous to Navigation off the b. 43°57.0'N, 39°00.0'E.
Black Sea coast of Georgia, see Georgia—Regulated Areas. c. 43°53.7'N, 39°00.0'E.
d. 43°53.7'N, 38°54.0'E.
Area Used Periodically for Fleet Exercises Note.—For Explosives Dumping Areas off the Black Sea
coast of Ukraine, see Ukraine—Regulated Areas.
Taganrogskiy Zaliv (Sea of Azov) For Explosives Dumping Areas off the Black Sea coast of
Area No. 763—Area bounded by the shoreline and lines Georgia, see Georgia—Regulated Areas.
Pub. 140
Russia 611
Appendix III—Novorossiyak Vessel Traffic Service

The Novorossiyak VTS Operation Zone is bounded by lines 3. ETA at the VTS area.
joining the following positions: 4. Maximum speed when maneuvering.
a. 44°32'16.2''N, 38°04'36.0''E. 5. Port of destination and agent’s name.
b. 44°30'27.0''N, 38°01'55.2''E. 6. Maximum actual draft.
c. 44°36'42.0''N, 37°34'00.0''E. 7. Dangerous cargo on board.
d. 44°40'34.2''N, 37°34'00.0''E. 8. Number of crew members and passengers on board.
The VTS Center can be contacted, as follows: 9. State of main engine, steering gear, and radar equip-
1. Call sign: Novotraffic Control ment.
2. VHF: VHF channels 9, 11, 16, and 68 10. Any limitations in vessel operations.
3. Telephone: 7-8-8617-676422 (Director) Vessels should maintain continuous listening watches on
7-8-8617-602847 (Duty Operator) * VHF channels 9 and 16 while within the VTS Operation Zone.
7-8-8617-674427 (Duty Operator) * Communications with the VTS Center shall be in Russian or
7-8-8617-676425 (Senior Operator) * English.
4. Facsimile: 7-8-8617-676427 An operational completion message (berthing, anchoring,
5. E-mail: [email protected] weighing anchor, etc.) should be sent to the VTS Center no less
* Available 24 hours. than 3 to 5 minutes in advance.
Vessels should request permission from the VTS Center to When malfunctions affecting the safety of navigation occur
enter the VTS Operation Zone 15 minutes prior to arrival. If or contact with the VTS Center is lost, the vessel should notify
entry into the zone is delayed by more than 15 minutes, another the VTS Center by any means available and leave the range
request should be made. The initial request message should line, cast the anchor, or drift. To resume passage, the vessel
contain the following information: must contact the VTS Center to report the correction of the
1. Vessel’s name, flag, and type. malfunctions and to request permission to continue further
2. MMSI Number. navigation.
Pub. 140
Russia 613
Appendix IV—Port Kavkaz Vessel Traffic Service

The Port Kavkaz VTS operational area is divided into three h. Agent.
sectors, as follows: i. Beam, loa, and freeboard.
1. Sector 1—The N part of Kerch Strait, Port Kavkaz, j. Number of crew and passengers.
Anchorage Area No. 454, and Anchorage Area No. 455, k. Miscellaneous information.
2. Sector 2—Fairway 50-52 (the Tamansky Route) from 3. Movement Report—When getting underway, anchor-
abeam of Port Kavkaz to the S part of Kerch Strait. ing at the designated anchorage, or when departing from a
3. Sector 3—The S part of Kerch Strait and Anchorage berth or anchorage, the vessel must contact the VTS on VHF
Area No. 451. channel 10, stating the following information:
Participation in the VTS is mandatory for all vessels. a. Vessel name, call sign, flag, IMO Number, and
The VTS provides the following services: MMSI.
1. Information Service. b. Position of vessel (latitude/longitude or range and
2. Navigation Assistance Service. bearing from a landmark).
3. Traffic Organization Service. c. True course.
The VTS can be contacted, as follows: d. Speed.
1. Call sign: Kavkaz Traffic 4. Departure Report—Not less than 30 minutes prior to
2. VHF: VHF channel 10 (Sector 1) departing from a berth or anchorage, the vessel must contact
VHF channel 12 (Sector 2) the VTS on VHF channel 10, stating the following informa-
VHF channel 74 (Sector 3) tion:
3. Telephone: 7-8-86148-58113 a. Vessel name, call sign, flag, IMO Number, and
4. Facsimile: 7-8-86148-58113 MMSI.
5. E-mail: [email protected] b. Port of destination.
Reports should be sent to the VTS, as follows: c. Draft.
1. Initial Report—Time and content of Initial Report d. Type and amount of cargo.
must be agreed with the vessel’s agent. The agents will for- e. Agent.
ward required information to all relevant organizations. f. Number of crew and passengers.
2. Entry Report—When entering the port, the vessel g. Miscellaneous information.
must contact the VTS on VHF channel 10, stating the fol- Vessels must not enter the VTS area if VHF contact cannot
lowing information: be made with Kavkaz Traffic.
a. Vessel name, call sign, flag, IMO Number, and Vessels underway in the VTS area are always under radar
MMSI. and AIS control and must maintain a continuous listening
b. Position of vessel (latitude/longitude or range and watch on VHF channel 10, 12, or 74 when in the appropriate
bearing from a landmark). sector and to follow the instructions of the VTS operator. Ves-
c. Port of departure. sels should also maintain a continuous listening watch on VHF
d. Port of destination and ETA. channel 74 when anchored in Anchorage Area No. 451. Per-
e. Draft. mission to discontinue the VHF listening watch or to change
f. Type and amount of cargo. frequency must be obtained from Kavkaz Traffic.
g. Any restrictions to the maneuverability of the ves- Instructions will be given for all vessels, including routeing,
sel. berthing schedules, and anchoring positions.
Pub. 140
Russia 615
Appendix V—Sochi Vessel Traffic Service

The Sochi VTS operational area is bounded by the arc of a VTS area on VHF channel 14. The message should contain the
circle, with a radius of 5.3 miles, centered on position 43°34' following information:
50.4''N, 39°43'06.6'E between the bearings of 151° and 295° 1. Vessel’s name.
extending from the centered position. The area also includes 2. Beam, freeboard, draft (fore and aft), and loa.
the inner harbor, the approach channel, and Anchorage No. 3. Time of arrival at the VTS operational area.
419. 4. Maximum and minimum speed in maneuvering mode
The VTS provides the following information and services: and engine power.
1. Issues permission for vessels to enter the VTS opera- 5. Agent’s name.
tional area, to leave a berth, or to weigh anchor. 6. The presence of deck cargo.
2. Designates traffic priority, order, and route. 7. The presence of dangerous cargo and its IMDGC clas-
3. Assists in establishing communications between ves- sification.
sels and shore organizations. 8. The condition of the vessel’s equipment and systems
4. Issues information and instructions to vessels on de- affecting vessel’s maneuvering and safety.
tecting a potential accident situation, violation of rules, shift- 9. Port of departure.
ing of vessels from the anchorage, displacement of aids to Vessels must follow the instructions provided by the VTS
navigation from official positions, and in other cases affect- concerning the following:
ing the safety of vessel navigation. 1. Priority of movement.
5. Provides radar pilotage of vessels during which the 2. Route.
VTS operator constantly transmits a vessel’s route coordi- 3. Speed.
nates, deviation from the fairway centerline, and the distance 4. Anchorage locations.
and time to the nearest waypoint or conspicuous landmark. 5. Prohibition of movement.
6. Ensures that a vessel arrives at the anchoring location. 6. VHF radio watch.
The VTS Center can be contacted, as follows: 7. The transmission of information on maneuvers or ac-
1. Call sign: Sochi Traffic Control tions proposed or in progress.
2. VHF: VHF channels 11 and 14 Vessels must repeat VTS instructions which directly relate to
3. Telephone: 7-8-8622-621623 it and, if unable to comply, state the reason and further inten-
4. Facsimile: 7-8-8622-623590 tions.
5. E-mail: [email protected] Vessels must maintain continuous listening watches on VHF
Participation in the VTS is mandatory for all vessels. The channels 14 and 16 while in the VTS area.
VTS communicates in both English and Russian. Vessels must not change anchorage or shift within the port
Vessels must contact Sochi VTS 1 hour before entering the area without obtaining permission from the VTS.
Pub. 140
Russia 617
Appendix VI—Taganrog Vessel Traffic Service

The Taganrog VTS operational area includes the waters of the vessel’s owner.
the Gulf of Taganrog (Taganrogskiy Zaliv) bounded by the Vessels must maintain a continuous listening watch on VHF
shoreline and extending E from meridian 38°14.0'E to its inter- channel 74.
section with parallel 46°53.2'N, then along this parallel to Should a vessel’s radio equipment fail, vessels must move
Sazalnikskaya Kosa. The E boundary of the area is defined by out of the traffic lane, lie adrift or at anchor, and take steps to
meridian 39°13.0'E. establish communications with the VTS and Port State Con-
The tasks of the VTS are: trol.
1. To ensure the safety of navigation in the VTS opera- Within the VTS operational area, vessels must implement
tional area. Port State Control instructions concerning:
2. To improve the efficiency of shipping and port opera- 1. The order in which movement is commenced.
tions. 2. Route and speed.
3. To assist in the preservation of life at sea and the pro- 3. Anchorage location.
tection of the environment. 4. Transmission of requested information.
The VTS Center can be contacted, as follows: 5. Implementation of an identification procedure on re-
1. Call sign: Taganrog Traffic Control quest from the VTS.
2. VHF: VHF channels 16, 68, and 74 6. Maintenance of a continuous listening watch on the in-
3. Telephone: 7-8-8634-317543 dicated VHF channels.
4. Facsimile: 7-8-8634-317349 Vessels must repeat all Port State Control instructions which
5. E-mail: [email protected] directly relate to it and, if unable to comply, state the reason
Taganrog Port State Control can be contacted, as follows: and further intentions.
1. Call sign: Taganrog Radio 5 Permission for vessels to commence movements within the
2. VHF: VHF channels 16 and 69 VTS operational area is effective for 30 minutes after receipt of
3. Telephone: 7-8-8634-317633 permission. If the movement has not begun within the 30-min-
4. Facsimile: 7-8-8634-317659 ute window, a new request for permission to move shall be
Azov Port State Control can be contacted, as follows: made.
1. Call sign: Azov Traffic Control Vessels must obtain permission to enter the Taganrog Ap-
2. VHF: VHF channels 16 and 71 proach Channel (TAC) in advance from Taganrog Port State
3. Telephone: 7-8-8634-242128 Control.
4. Facsimile: 7-8-8634-245337 Vessels must obtain permission to enter the Azov-Don Sea
Participation in the VTS is mandatory for all vessels. Canal (ADSC) in advance from Azov Port State Control.
Vessels entering the VTS operational area from the Sea of Vessels must advise the VTS and Taganrog Port State Con-
Azov (Azovskoye More) in an E direction must contact the trol of the actual time of departure from a berth, the actual time
VTS on VHF channel 74 to obtain confirmation of identifica- of anchoring, and the actual time of weighing anchor.
tion. Permission to enter the VTS operational area is to be re- When entering and departing from Taganrog port, vessels
quested when crossing the meridian of Kryva Kosa must obtain permission to commence movement from Port
(38°14.0'E.). State Control, with subsequent communications via the VTS.
Vessels proceeding into the Gulf of Taganrog (Taganrogskiy Vessels not complying with VTS instruction for safety rea-
Zaliv) from the River Don must, before entering the VTS oper- sons must immediately notify the VTS and make an entry in
ational area, contact the VTS on VHF channel 74 to obtain the vessel’s log.
confirmation of identification. Permission to enter the VTS op- Navigational assistance to vessels is provided by the VTS by
erational area is to be requested when passing the River Don regularly transmitting the following information:
“0” kilometer marker. The boundary for reporting entry into 1. The position of the vessel in relation to a navigational
the VTS operational area is 39°13.0'E. landmark, the fairway (any deviation from the centerline),
Vessels entering the VTS operational area without having es- and waypoints.
tablished VHF communication with the VTS are considered to 2. The track angle and actual speed of the vessel.
be in distress. Such vessels may be provided with assistance at 3. The positions and intentions of other vessels.
the discretion of the harbormaster, with any costs charged to 4. Recommendations on altering course and speed.
Pub. 140
Russia 619
Appendix VII—Tuapse Vessel Traffic Service

The Tuapse VTS operational area is bounded on the NE by it and, if unable to comply, state the reason and further inten-
the coast and by lines joining the following positions: tions.
a. 44°10'33.0''N, 38°56'22.8''E.
b. 44°06'40.8''N, 38°51'09.0''E. ID Information Required
c. 43°58'19.8''N, 39°03'01.8''E.
d. 44°02'13.8''N, 39°08'19.8''E. Vessel’s name, call sign, flag, IMO number, and
A
The area also includes the inner harbor. MMSI.
The tasks of the VTS are: Position of vessel (latitude/longitude). Either C or D
1. To ensure the safety of navigation in the VTS opera- C
may be used.
tional area.
Position of vessel (range/bearing from landmark).
2. To improve the efficiency of shipping and port opera- D
Either C or D may be used.
tions.
3. To assist in the preservation of life at sea and the pro- G Port of departure.
tection of the environment. I Port of destination and ETA.
The main functions of the VTS are:
1. Organizing vessel traffic. O Draft.
2. Monitoring vessel traffic and the position of vessels in P Type and amount of cargo.
anchorages.
3. Transmitting navigational, meteorological, operation- Existence of any restrictions affecting the
Q
al, and other information to vessels. maneuverability of the vessel.
4. Providing assistance to navigation. T Agent.
The VTS controls traffic by transmitting mandatory instruc-
tions concerning: U Beam, freeboard, and loa.
1. Entry into the VTS operational area. W Number of crew and passengers.
2. Traffic priority and routing.
3. Speed and distance between vessels. Navigational assistance is provided by the VTS on VHF
4. Locations for anchoring and berthing. channel 10. The commencement and termination of assistance
5. Permission to leave a berth, weigh anchor, or start/end
is based on agreement between the VTS and the vessel’s mas-
a movement. ter.
The VTS Center can be contacted, as follows:
1. Call sign: Tuapse Traffic Control
The VTS will provide regular transmissions to the vessel of
2. VHF: VHF channels 10, 16, and 67 the following information:
3. Telephone: 7-8-86167-76668 (Duty Operator) * 1. The position of the vessel in relation to a navigational
4. Facsimile: 7-8-86167-76661
landmark, the fairway (any deviation from the centerline),
5. E-mail: [email protected] and waypoints.
* Available 24 hours. 2. The track angle and actual speed of the vessel.
Participation in the VTS is mandatory for all vessels.
3. The positions and intentions of other vessels.
Entering or departing the port, anchoring or weighing an- 4. Recommendations on altering course and speed.
chor, and mooring operations are prohibited without VTS per-
mission. Vessels receiving navigational assistance must maintain a
Permission to move within the inner waters of the port is ef- continuous listening watch on VHF channel 10.
fective for 5 minutes after receipt of permission. If the move- In the event of failure of the main engine or steering gear, or
ment has not begun within the 5-minute window, a new request in the event of situations arising which prevent movement, the
for permission to move shall be made. master of the vessel must, taking into account prevailing condi-
Vessels must contact Tuapse VTS 1 hour before entering the tions and situations, immediately report to the VTS and take all
VTS area on VHF channel 10. The message should contain the possible steps to ensure the safe movement of other vessels.
information listed in the accompanying table. The master of a vessel observing drifting of another vessel
Vessels must repeat VTS instructions which directly relate to lying at anchor must immediately notify the VTS.
Pub. 140
Russia 621
Appendix VIII—Time Zones
Russia—Time Zones
Zone City Standard Time
1 Kaliningrad BRAVO (-2)
2 Moscow, St. Petersburg, and Naryan-Mar CHARLIE (-3)
3 Izhevsk, Samara, Ulyanovsk, and Astrakhan DELTA (-4)
4 Perm, Ekaterinburg, and Nizhnevartovsk ECHO (-5)
5 Omsk FOXTROT (-6)
Bamaul, Gorno-Ataysk, Karmerova, Norilsk, Kyzyl, and Novosi-
6 GOLF (-7)
birsk
7 Bratsk and Ulan-Ude HOTEL (-8)
8 Yakutsk and Chita INDIA (-9)
9 Vladivostok and Khabarovsk KILO (-10)
Evensk, Itirup Island, Magadan, Nogliki, Okha, Shakhtersk, Sred-
10 LIMA (-11)
nekolymsk, Yuzhno-Kurilsk, and Yuzhno Sakhalinsk
11 Chukotka and Kamchatka MIKE (-12)
Pub. 140
623
SAINT BARTHELEMY
General 623 Fregate, and Ilot Toc Vers are designated as Nature Reserves.
Buoyage System 623 Except for designated anchorage areas, anchoring is allowed
Cautions 623 only with the permission of local authorities.
Currency 623
Government 623 Currency
Holidays 624
Industries 624 The official unit of currency is the Euro, consisting of 100
Languages 624 cents.
Meteorology 624
Regulations 624
Government
Time Zone 624
U.S. Embassy 624
General
Saint Barthelemy is a hilly island almost completely sur-
rounded by shallow reefs.
The island has a tropical climate with almost no variation in
temperature. It has two distinct season—dry season and the hu-
mid season.
Flag of Saint Barthelemy
Buoyage System
Saint Barthelemy is an overseas collectivity of France. The
The IALA Buoyage System (Region B) is in effect. See island elects one senator to the French Senate.
Chart No. 1 for further IALA Buoyage System information. Saint Barthelemy is governed by the president of the Territo-
rial Council, who is elected by the members of the Territorial
Cautions Council to a 5-year term. The unicameral directly-elected Ter-
ritorial Council consists of 19 members serving 5-year terms.
The areas around Saint Barthelemy, Ile Fourche, Ilot de la The legal system is based on French law.
Pub. 140
624 Saint Barthelemy
The capital is Gustavia. ume 1.

The maritime territorial claims of Saint Barthelemy are, as
The following holidays are observed: follows:

Good Friday Variable Contiguous Zone 24 miles.
Easter Sunday Variable Fisheries or Economic 200 miles.
Zone
May 1 Labor Day
of Exploitation.
May 8 World War II Victory Day
Whitsunday Variable
Whitmonday Variable Regulations
July 14 Bastille Day Vessels in transit or stationary within the territorial waters,
except when alongside in port, should maintain a continuous
August 24 Saint Barthelemy Day ficial vessels and French coast radio stations.
November 1 All Saints’ Day Vessels over 1,600 gt must remain at least 10 miles off the
coast of Saint Barthelemy, except when in waiting areas or
November 11 Armistice Day when using approach or access channels.
Search and Rescue
Industries See Martinique—Search and Rescue.
The main industries are high-end tourism and duty-free luxu-
ry commerce. Ship Reporting System
The main imports are food, energy resources, and manufac-
tured goods.
lution in the territorial waters of Saint Barthelemy as well as in
the waters within 50 miles of the coast of Saint Barthelemy.
Languages For further information, see Martinique—Ship Reporting
System.
Meteorology Time Zone

Weather information is available in French from Meteo The Time Zone description is QUEBEC (+4). Daylight Sav-
France Antilles-Guyana (http://www.meteo.gp). ings Time is not observed.

Enroute Volume Saint Barthelemy is an overseas collectivity of France. There
Pub. 147, Sailing Directions (Enroute) Caribbean Sea Vol- is no diplomatic representation.
Pub. 140
625
SAINT KITTS AND NEVIS
General 625 or unreliable.

Buoyage System 625
Currency 625 Currency
Government 625
Holidays 626 The official unit of currency is the East Caribbean dollar,
Industries 626 consisting of 100 cents.
Languages 626
Navigational Information 626 Government
Signals 626
Time Zone 626
U.S. Embassy 626
General
Saint Kitts and Nevis is located in the N portion of the Lee-
ward Islands.
Although the climate of both islands is hot, it is very healthy.
Temperature extremes are moderated by the ocean winds.
The center of the NW portion of Saint Kitts is dominated by
Mount Liamuiga, which is usually covered by clouds. The SE Flag of Saint Kitts and Nevis
portion of the island is much lower in elevation. Nevis is a cir-
cular island formed by volcanic action. The low coasts gradual- Saint Kitts and Nevis is a democratic federal state. The coun-
ly rise to the high peaks of the interior. try is divided into 14 parishes.
Buoyage System pointed by the Governor-General. The unicameral Parliament
is composed of three appointed members and 11 directly-elect-
The IALA Buoyage System (Region B) is in effect. See ed members serving 5-year terms.
Chart No. 1 for further IALA Buoyage System information. The legal system is based on English common law.
Aids to navigation in Saint Kitts and Nevis may be missing The capital is Basseterre.
Pub. 140
626 Saint Kitts and Nevis
Holidays Search and Rescue

The following holidays are observed: The Saint Kitts and Nevis Defense Force Coast Guard is re-
sponsible for coordinating search and rescue operations in as-
January 1 New Year’s Day sociation with MRCC Fort de France (Martinique).
January 2 End of Carnival 1. Telephone: 596-596-709292
Good Friday Variable 596-596-731616
2. Facsimile: 596-596-632450
First Monday in May Labor Day
Whitmonday Variable
June 14 Queen’s Birthday
First Monday in August Bank Holiday
September 19 Independence Day Information System (APIS)
December 25 Christmas Day CARICOM APIS is a mandatory reporting system providing
December 26 Boxing Day crew to the Joint Regional Communications Center (JRCC)
Industries CARICOM area. Further information can be found in Carib-
The main industries are sugar production, tourism, cotton,
salt, copra, clothing, footwear, and beverages.
The main exports are machinery, food, electronics, beverag- Signals
es, and tobacco. The main export-trading partners are the Unit-
ed States, Poland, and Bangladesh.
The main imports are machinery, manufactured goods, food, Visual storms signals are displayed by day in Charlestown,
and fuels. The main import-trading partners are the United on the W coast of Nevis, as follows:
States, Trinidad and Tobago, and Barbados.
Signal Meaning
Languages Winds of 28 to 33 knots
English is the official language. expected.
One square red flag, with Winds of 34 to 63 knots
Navigational Information a centered black square expected.
Enroute Volume Winds over 63 knots
Pub. 147, Sailing Directions (Enroute) Caribbean Sea Vol- expected.
vertically disposed *
ume 1.
* Red flares are displayed at night.
Maritime Claims
The maritime territorial claims of Saint Kitts and Nevis are,
as follows: Time Zone
Zone
Continental Shelf 200 miles or the Continen- U.S. Embassy
tal Margin.
The U.S. does not have an embassy in Saint Kitts and Nevis.
Maritime Boundary Disputes The U.S. Ambassador to Barbados is accredited to St. Kitts and
Joins other Caribbean states to counter Venezuela’s claim Nevis.
that Isla Aves (15°42'N., 63°38'W.) sustains human habitation, The embassy is situated in Wildey Business Park, Wildey, St.
which would permit Venezuela to extend its Exclusive Eco- Michael, Bridgetown.
nomic Zone over a large portion of the Caribbean Sea. The mailing addresses are, as follows:
Pub. 140
Saint Kitts and Nevis 627
1. Barbados address— Washington, DC (20521-3120)

P.O. Box 302
Bridgetown 11000 U. S. Embassy Barbados Home Page
2. U. S. address— http://barbados.usembassy.gov
Pub. 140
629
SAINT LUCIA

Buoyage System 629
Cautions 629 Most of the inshore areas are unsurveyed.
Currency 629
Government 629
Industries 630
Languages 630 The official unit of currency is the East Caribbean dollar,
Navigational Information 630 consisting of 100 cents. U.S. dollars are also accepted.
Signals 630 Government
Time Zone 630
U.S. Embassy 630
General
Saint Lucia is the second largest of the Windward Islands.
The climate is tropical, with a dry season from January
through April. The rainy season is from May through August.
The island is mountainous and for the most part covered with
forest and vegetation.
Buoyage System Flag of Saint Lucia
The IALA Buoyage System (Region B) is in effect. See Saint Lucia is a parliamentary democracy within the British
Chart No. 1 for further IALA Buoyage System information. Commonwealth. The country is divided into ten districts.
Pub. 140
630 Saint Lucia
Elizabeth II, recognized as the Chief of State, appoints a Maritime Claims
Governor-General. The Prime Minister and the cabinet are ap- The maritime territorial claims of Saint Lucia are, as fol-
pointed by the Governor-General. The bicameral Parliament is lows:
composed of a 11-member appointed Senate and a directly-
elected 17-member House of Assembly serving 5-year terms. Territorial Sea 12 miles.
The legal system is based on English law.
The capital is Castries. Contiguous Zone 24 miles.
Zone
Holidays Continental Shelf 200 miles or the Continen-
tal Margin.
January 1-2 New Year’s Days Maritime Boundary Disputes

Joining other Caribbean states to counter Venezuela’s claim
February 22 Independence Day that Isla Aves (15°42'N., 63°38'W.) sustains human habitation,
Good Friday Variable which would permit Venezuela to extend its Exclusive Eco-
May 1 Labor Day Search and Rescue
Whitmonday Variable The Royal Saint Lucia Police Force is responsible for coor-
Corpus Christi Variable dinating search and rescue operations in association with
MRCC Fort de France (Martinique).
End of Carnival Month Variable
Emancipation Day Variable 1. Telephone: 596-596-709292
October 2 Thanksgiving Day 596-596-731616
2. Facsimile: 596-596-632450
Defunct’s Day Variable 3. E-mail: [email protected]
November 1 All Saints’ Day Castries Port Authority Radio maintains a continuous listen-
ing watch for distress traffic on 2182 kHz and VHF channel 16.
December 13 Saint Lucia Day A lifeboat station is located in Port Castries (14°01'N.,
December 25 Christmas Day 61°00'W.).
December 26 Boxing Day Ship Reporting System
Industries CARICOM (Caribbean Community) Advance Passenger
The main industries are tourism, clothing, assembling of CARICOM APIS is a mandatory reporting system providing
electronic components, beverages, corrugated cardboard boxes, Advance Passenger Information (API) about passengers and
tourism, lime processing, and coconut processing. crew to the Joint Regional Communications Center (JRCC)
The main exports are bananas, clothing, cocoa, vegetables, Barbados for vessels bound for or departing from a port in the
fruits, and coconut oil. The main export-trading partners are CARICOM area. Further information can be found in Carib-
the Dominican Republic, the United States, Suriname, Antigua bean Sea—Ship Reporting System.
and Barbuda, Dominica, Trinidad and Tobago, and Barbados.
The main imports are food, manufactured goods, machinery Signals
and transportation equipment, chemicals, and fuels. The main
import-trading partners are Brazil, the United States, Trinidad Visual storms signals are displayed in Castries, as shown in
and Tobago, and Colombia. the accompanying table titled Saint Lucia—Storm Warning
Signals.
Languages Time Zone

The official language is English, but over 80 per cent of the The Time Zone description is QUEBEC (+4). Daylight Sav-
population speaks a French creole. ings Time is not observed.

Enroute Volume The U.S. does not have an embassy in Saint Lucia. The U.S.
Pub. 147, Sailing Directions (Enroute) Caribbean Sea Vol- Ambassador to Barbados is accredited to Saint Lucia.
ume 1. The embassy is situated in Wildey Business Park, Wildey, St.
Pub. 140
Saint Lucia 631
Michael, Bridgetown. 3120 Bridgetown Place

The mailing addresses are, as follows: Washington, DC (20521-3120)
P.O. Box 302 U. S. Embassy Barbados Home Page
Bridgetown 11000 http://barbados.usembassy.gov
2. U. S. address—
Saint Lucia—Storm Warning Signals

One red triangular flag One red light over one white light. Winds of 28 to 33 knots expected.
Two red triangular flags, vertically disposed One white light over one red light. Winds of 34 to 48 knots expected.
One square red flag, with a centered black
Two red lights, vertically disposed. Winds of 49 to 63 knots expected.
square
Two square red flags, with a centered black One white light between two red lights,
Winds over 63 knots expected.
square, vertically disposed vertically disposed.
Pub. 140
633
SAINT MARTIN

Buoyage System 633
Cautions 633 The area around Saint Martin is designated as a Nature Re-
Currency 633 serve. Except for designated anchorage areas, anchoring is al-
Government 633 lowed only with the permission of local authorities.
Holidays 634
Industries 634 Currency
Languages 634
Meteorology 634 The official unit of currency is the Euro, consisting of 100
Navigational Information 634 cents.
Regulations 634
Search and Rescue 634 Government
Time Zone 634
U.S. Embassy 634
General
Saint Martin is the smallest landmass in the world shared by
two independent states. The N side of the island is French terri-
tory while the S side of the island is a territory of the Nether-
lands.
The subtropical climate of the islands is marked by low hu-
midity, gentle trade winds, and brief intense rain showers.
Temperatures average 27-30°C year round: Flag of Saint Martin
Saint Martin lies in the hurricane belt. The hurricane season
is from July until November. Saint Martin is an overseas collectivity of France. The island
elects one senator to the French Senate.
Buoyage System Saint Martin is governed by the president of the Territorial
Council, who is elected by the members of the Territorial
The IALA Buoyage System (Region B) is in effect. See Council to a 5-year term. The unicameral directly-elected Ter-
Chart No. 1 for further IALA Buoyage System information. ritorial Council consists of 23 members serving 5-year terms.
Pub. 140
634 Saint Martin
The legal system is based on French law. Navigational Information
The capital is Marigot.
Enroute Volume
Holidays ume 1.
The following holidays are observed: Maritime Claims

The maritime territorial claims of Saint Martin are, as fol-
January 1 New Year’s Day lows:
May 1 Labor Day Zone
May 8 World War II Victory Continental Shelf Depth of 200m or the Limit
Day of Exploitation.
Ascension Day Variable * Claims straight baselines.
Whitsunday Variable
Whitmonday Variable Regulations
July 12 Schoalcher Day (Slav- Vessels in transit or stationary within the territorial waters,
ery Abolition Day) except when alongside in port, should maintain a continuous
July 14 Bastille Day listening watch on VHF channel 16 and respond to calls by of-
ficial vessels and French coast radio stations.
August 15 Assumption Day Vessels over 1,600 gt must remain at least 10 miles off the
November 1 All Saints’ Day coast of Saint Martin, except when in waiting areas or when us-
ing approach or access channels.
November 11 Armistice Day
See Martinique—Search and Rescue.
Industries Ship Reporting System
The main industries are tourism, light industry and manufac-
turing, and heavy industry.
lution in the territorial waters of Saint Martin as well as in the
The main imports are petroleum, food, and manufactured waters within 50 miles of the coast of Saint Martin.
items. For further information, see Martinique—Ship Reporting
System.
Languages Time Zone

French is the official language. The Time Zone description is QUEBEC (+4). Daylight Sav-
Meteorology U.S. Embassy

Weather information is available in French from Meteo Saint Martin is an overseas collectivity of France. There is
France Antilles-Guyana (http://www.meteo.gp). no diplomatic representation.
Pub. 140
635
SAINT PIERRE AND MIQUELON

Buoyage System 635
Cautions 635 Local magnetic anomalies have been observed in the ap-
Currency 635 proaches to Miquelon and N of Ile Saint-Pierre.
Government 635
Industries 636
Languages 636 The official unit of currency is the Euro, consisting of 100
Navigational Information 636 cents.
Regulations 636
Search and Rescue 636 Government
Signals 636
Time Zone 637
U.S. Embassy 637
General
Saint Pierre and Miquelon consists of two larger islands and
several smaller adjacent islands lying about 10 miles off the S
coast of Newfoundland.
The climate is cold and wet, with a large amount of mist and
fog; which can be a hazard to navigation. Spring and autumn
are windy. Flag of Saint Pierre and Miquelon
The islands consist mostly of barren rock covered with thin
soil and with scattered vegetation. Saint Pierre and Miquelon is a self-governing Territorial
Collectivity of France.
Saint Pierre and Miquelon is governed by the President of
Buoyage System France, which is represented by a Prefect. Saint Pierre and
Miquelon has one representative in the French Senate and one
The IALA Buoyage System (Region B) is in effect. See representative in the French National Assembly. The local uni-
Chart No. 1 for further IALA Buoyage System information. cameral Territorial Council is composed of 19 directly-elected
Pub. 140
636 Saint Pierre and Miquelon
members serving 6-year terms; 15 members are elected from Fisheries or Economic 200 miles.
Saint Pierre, while four members are elected from Miquelon. Zone
The legal system is based on French civil law, with local
modifications. Continental Shelf Depth of 200m or the Limit
The capital is Saint Pierre. of Exploitation.
Holidays
Regulations
Quarantine
January 1 New Year’s Day Quarantine messages should be sent to the harbormaster at
Good Friday Variable least 18 hours prior to ETA at Rade de Saint Pierre. The har-
bormaster can be contacted, as follows:
Easter Monday Variable 508-410974
1. Telephone:
May 1 Labor Day 508-551321 (mobile)
May 8 World War II Victory 2. Facsimile: 508-410979
Day enrique.perez@equipement-
3. E-mail:
Ascension Day Variable agriculture.gouv.fr
Whitsunday Variable http:www.sainte-pierre-et-
4. Web site miquelon.developpement-
Whitmonday Variable
durable.gouv.fr
July 14 Bastille Day
August 15 Assumption Day Search and Rescue
The Quartier des Affaires Maritimes (AFMAR Saint Pierre
November 11 Armistice Day et Miquelon) is responsible for coordinating search and rescue
December 25 Christmas Day operations and can be contacted, as follows:
1. Telephone: 508-411530
Industries 2. Facsimile: 508-414834
The main industries are fishing, fish processing, and tourism. sram.pole_maritime.dtam-
3. E-mail:
The main exports are fish and fish products, soybeans, ani- [email protected]
mal feed, mollusks and crustaceans, and animal pelts. The
main export partners are Spain, Belgium, India, France, and the AFMAR Saint Pierre et Miquelon is also linked with the
United States. Maritime Rescue Coordination Subcenter, St. John’s, New-
The main imports are meat, clothing, fuel, electrical equip- foundland, Canada.
ment, machinery, and building materials. The main import
trading partners are France and Canada. Signals
Languages The following signals may be displayed in addition to the
normal port open/port closed signals.
Saint Pierre and Miquelon Port Signals
Navigational Information Day signal Night signal Meaning
Enroute Volume Three red balls, ver- Three red lights,
Pub. 146, Sailing Directions (Enroute) Newfoundland, Lab- Port closed
tically disposed vertically disposed
rador, and Hudson Bay.
Appropriate signal
from the Interna- Three green lights,
Maritime Claims Port open
tional Code of Sig- vertically disposed
The maritime territorial claims of Saint Pierre and Miquelon
nals
are, as follows:
Territorial Sea * 12 miles. Caution is necessary as these signals may only be indicating
that obstructions are in the fairway. Vessels should follow any
Contiguous Zone 24 miles. signals received from the harbor authorities.
Pub. 140
Saint Pierre and Miquelon 637
Time Zone U.S. Embassy

The Time Zone description is PAPA (+3). Daylight Savings Saint Pierre and Miquelon is a self-governing Territorial
Time (OSCAR (+2)) is maintained from the second Sunday in Collectivity of France.
March until the first Sunday in November. There is no diplomatic representation.
Pub. 140
639
SAINT VINCENT AND THE GRENADINES
General 639 Many lights have been reported as extinguished, irregular, or

Buoyage System 639 unreliable.
Cautions 639
Currency 639 Cautions
Government 639
Holidays 640 Depths off the N end of Saint Vincent are from old surveys.
Industries 640 Vessels should navigate with caution in this area.
Languages 640
Ship Reporting System 640 The official unit of currency is the East Caribbean dollar,
Signals 640 consisting of 100 cents.
Time Zone 640
U.S. Embassy 641 Government
General
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, located in the Windward
Islands, consists of the island of Saint Vincent, a high moun-
tainous island with an active volcano near its N end, and a
chain of smaller islands and islets, known as the Grenadines,
extending SW from Saint Vincent.
The climate is tropical, with the Northeast Trade Winds pre-
dominating and little variation in temperature. The rainy sea-
son is from May to November.
Buoyage System
Flag of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
Chart No. 1 for further IALA Buoyage System information. Saint Vincent and the Grenadines is an independent parlia-
Pub. 140
640 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
mentary democracy within the British Commonwealth. The Grenadines are, as follows:
country is divided into six parishes.
Elizabeth II, recognized as the Chief of State, appoints a Territorial Sea * 12 miles.
pointed by the Governor-General. The unicameral House of Contiguous Zone 24 miles.
Assembly is composed of six appointed Senators and 15 direct- Fisheries or Economic 200 miles.
ly-elected Members serving 5-year terms. Zone
Continental Shelf Depth of 200m.
The capital is Kingstown.
Holidays sion or notification for innocent passage of warships in the
territorial sea.
January 1 New Year’s Day Joins other Caribbean states to counter Venezuela’s claim
January 22 Saint Vincent and the that Isla Aves (15°42'N., 63°38'W.) sustains human habitation,
Grenadines Day which would permit Venezuela to extend its Exclusive Eco-
Carnival Tuesday First Tuesday in March
Search and Rescue
May 1 Labor Day The Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Coastguard is respon-
sible for all maritime search and rescue operations. The Coast-
Whitmonday Variable guard base at Calliagua maintains a continuous listening watch
Mardi Gras First Monday in July for distress traffic on 2182 kHz and VHF channel 16. The
Coastguard radio station at Fort Charlotte in Kingstown main-
July 7 Caricom Day
tains a continuous listening watch for distress traffic on 2182
First Monday in August Bank Holiday kHz and VHF channel 16.
A lifeboat station is located in Kingstown (13°09'N.,
October 27 Independence Day
61°14'W.).
December 26 Boxing Day Ship Reporting System
Industries Information System (APIS)
The main industries are tourism, food processing, cement, Advance Passenger Information (API) about passengers and
clothing, furniture, and starch. crew to the Joint Regional Communications Center (JRCC)
The main exports are bananas, taro, arrowroot starch, and Barbados for vessels bound for or departing from a port in the
tennis rackets. The main export-trading partners are Trinidad CARICOM area. Further information can be found in Carib-
and Tobago, Saint Lucia, Barbados, Dominica, Grenada, Anti- bean Sea—Ship Reporting System.
gua and Barbuda, and Poland.
The main imports are foodstuffs, machinery and equipment,
chemicals and fertilizers, and minerals and fuels. The main im- Signals
port-trading partners are Trinidad and Tobago, the United
States, Singapore, China, and Barbados. Storm signals are shown at Kingstown Bay, as follows:
Languages Signal Meaning

Cautionary warning. Storm
English is the official language. A French patois is also spo- One square red flag, with
or hurricane force winds
ken. a centered black square
possible.
Navigational Information Two square red flags, with Definite warning. Hurricane
a centered black square, force winds will affect the
Enroute Volume vertically disposed island.
ume 1. Time Zone
Maritime Claims The Time Zone description is QUEBEC (+4). Daylight Sav-
The maritime territorial claims of Saint Vincent and the ings Time is not observed.
Pub. 140
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 641
U.S. Embassy P.O. Box 302

Bridgetown 11000
The U.S. does not have an embassy in Saint Vincent and the 2. U. S. address—
Grenadines. The U.S. Ambassador to Barbados is accredited to 3120 Bridgetown Place
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines. Washington, DC (20521-3120)
The embassy is situated in Wildey Business Park, Wildey, St.
Michael, Bridgetown. U. S. Embassy Barbados Home Page
The mailing addresses are, as follows: http://barbados.usembassy.gov
Pub. 140
643
SENEGAL
General 643 highest being in the NE.

Buoyage System 643
Currency 643
Industries 644 Aids to navigation in Senegal are unreliable. Lights may be
Languages 644 extinguished; buoys and beacons may be missing, unlit, or out
Navigational Information 644 of position.
Regulations 644
Search and Rescue 644 Cautions
Time Zone 644 Fishing vessels may be encountered off the entire coast of
U.S. Embassy 645 Senegal.
Uncharted drill rigs, well heads, and other obstructions may
General be encountered as far as 75 miles off the coast of Senegal be-
tween the entrance to the Riviere Senegal and the entrance to
Senegal lies less than 1,700 miles from the E bulge of Brazil. the Riviere Saloum
It borders Mauritania, Mali, Guinea, and Guinea-Bissau; Gam-
bia forms a narrow extension into Senegal from the Atlantic Currency
Ocean for a distance of about 200 miles.
Most of the country is low plateau or plain, generally sloping The official unit of currency is the Communaute Financiere
toward the Atlantic Ocean. The greatest altitudes, which are Africaine franc (CFA franc), consisting of 100 centimes.
about 488m, lie in the SE. Four major west-flowing rivers drain
the country. Government
Climate varies from the desert to wet tropics. The coastal re-
gion has low rainfall and high humidity. The wet season is Senegal is a republic under multi-party democratic rule. The
from May to November, being shorter in the N and longer in country is divided into 14 regions.
the S. The dry season, December to April, is dominated by hot, Senegal is governed by a directly-elected President who
dry, harmattan wind. serves for not more than two 5-year terms. The President ap-
The rainfall varies from 350mm in the N to 1,525mm in the points a Prime Minister. The Council of Ministers is appointed
S. Temperatures vary within the range of 24°C to 38°C, the by the Prime Minister in consultation with the President. The
Pub. 140
644 Senegal
Languages
French is the official language. Wolof, Fulani. Serer, Sara-
kole, Jola, and Mandinka are also spoken.
Enroute Volume
Flag of Senegal
Maritime Claims
unicameral 150-member National Assembly consists of 90 di- The maritime territorial claims of Senegal are, as follows:
rectly-elected members and 60 members elected under a sys-
tem of proportional representation from party lists, serving 5- Territorial Sea * 12 miles.
year terms.
The legal system is based on French civil law.
The capital is Dakar. Fisheries or Economic 200 miles.
Zone
Holidays Continental Shelf 200 miles or the Continen-
tal Margin.
April 4 Independence Day
Regulations
Quarantine
May 1 Labor Day Quarantine messages should be sent to Dakar 18 hours to 4
Ascension Day Variable hours prior to arrival. The messages should be sent so they ar-
rive from 0900 to 1230 or from 1500 to 1800, public holidays
Whitsunday Variable excluded.
Whitmonday Variable
August 15 Assumption Day Search and Rescue
November 1 All Saints Day
December 25 Christmas Day The Maritime Rescue Coordination Center (MRCC) at Da-
kar can be contacted, as follows:
Islamic holidays, which are subject to the appearance of the 1. Telephone: 221-338-265001
moon, include Tabaski (Eid Al-Adha), Korite (Eid Al-Fitr), 2. Facsimile: 221-338-265000
Tamkharit (Islamic New Yera), and the Prophet’s Birthday. 3. E-mail: [email protected]
Dakar Coast Radio Station (6VA) maintains a continuous lis-
Industries tening watch for distress traffic on VHF channel 16.
The main industries are agriculture, fish processing, phos- Ship Reporting System
phate mining, fertilizer production, petroleum refining, con-
struction materials, mining (zircon and gold), and ship Gulf of Guinea Voluntary Reporting System.—For further
construction and repair. information, see North Atlantic Ocean—Ship Reporting
The main exports are fish, peanuts, petroleum products, System.
phosphates, and cotton. The main export-trading partners are
Mali, Switzerland, India, Ivory Coast, and China. Time Zone
The main imports are food and beverages, capital goods, and
fuels. The main import-trading partners are France, China, Ni- The Time Zone description is ZULU. Daylight Savings Time
geria, China, the Netherlands, and India. is not observed.
Pub. 140
Senegal 645
U.S. Embassy The mailing address is B. P. 49, Dakar.
U. S. Embassy Senegal Home Page

The U.S. Embassy is situated on Route des Almandies, Da- http://dakar.usembassy.gov
kar, Senegal.
Pub. 140
647
SIERRA LEONE
General 647 lit, or out of position.

Buoyage System 647
Currency 647
Government 647 Fishing vessels, many of which may be unlit, may be en-
Holidays 648 countered off the entire coast of Sierra Leone.
Industries 648
Languages 648 Special Warning 119 (Issued 16 March 2001; reviewed 22
Navigational Information 648 October 2014)
Search and Rescue 648 1. Mariners are strongly advised not to use any ports in Sier-
Ship Reporting System 648 ra Leone except for the port of Freetown, which is currently
Time Zone 648 considered to provide safe haven. Mariners should note that the
U.S. Embassy 648 Department of State warns U.S. citizens against travel to Sierra
Leone. Although the security situation in Freetown has im-
General proved somewhat, areas outside the capital are still dangerous.
2. The Department of State has terminated the ordered de-
Sierra Leone is at the SW extremity of the great African parture status of U.S. Government personnel in non-emergency
bulge. It borders Guinea and Liberia and faces the Atlantic positions. The U.S. Embassy in Freetown currently operates
Ocean on the SW for about 220 miles. with a reduced staff. Only emergency consular services to U.S.
Leaving the low lying coastal plain one proceeds to rolling citizens are available, and the Embassy’s ability to provide
country to upland plateau and mountain ranges with some ele- these services is limited. U.S. citizens in Sierra Leone should
vations exceeding 1,830m in the NE. review their own personal security situations in determining
Temperatures and humidity are high with heavy rainfall. whether to remain in the country.
There are two distinct seasons, with the dry season lasting from
December to March and the wet season lasting for the rest of Currency
the year.
The official unit of currency is the leone, consisting of 100
Buoyage System cents.
The IALA Buoyage System (Region A) is in effect. See Government

Aids to navigation in Sierra Leone are unreliable. Lights Sierra Leone is a constitutional democracy. The country is
may be extinguished; buoys and beacons may be missing, un- divided into three provinces and one area.
Pub. 140
648 Sierra Leone
Languages
The languages of the country are English (official, regular
use limited to literate minority), Mende (principal vernacular in
the S), Temne (principal vernacular in the N), and Krio (En-
glish-based Creole).
Enroute Volume
Flag of Sierra Leone
Maritime Claims
Sierra Leone is governed by a directly-elected president who The maritime territorial claims of Sierra Leone are, as fol-
serves for not more than two 5-year terms. The Ministers of lows:
State are appointed by the President. The unicameral Parlia-
ment is composed of 124 members serving 5-year terms; 112
members are directly-elected, while the remaining 12 members Territorial Sea * 12 miles.
are appointed. Contiguous Zone 24 miles
The legal system is based on English law and customary lo-
cal law.
Zone
The capital is Freetown.
tal Margin.
Holidays * Requires advance permission or notification for inno-
cent passage of warships in the territorial sea.
January 1 New Year’s Day Search and Rescue

Good Friday Variable The Sierra Leone Ports Authority is responsible for coordi-
Holy Saturday Variable nating search and rescue operations and can be contacted, as
follows:
Easter Sunday Variable 1. Telephone: 232-22-222106
Easter Monday Variable 2. Facsimile: 232-22-228488
April 27 Republic Day Ship Reporting System

Gulf of Guinea Voluntary Reporting System.—For further
December 26 Boxing Day information, see North Atlantic Ocean—Ship Reporting
System.
moon, include Eid Al-Fitr (End of Ramadan), Tabaski (Islamic Time Zone
New Year), Eid Al-Adha, and the Prophet’s Birthday.
Industries is not observed.
The main industries are agriculture, mining (diamonds, iron

ore, rutile, and bauxite), and small-scale manufacturing (bever- U.S. Embassy
ages, textiles, and footwear) .
The main exports are iron ore, diamonds, rutile (a titanium The U.S. Embassy is situated at Southridge-Hill Station,
Freetown.
mineral), cocoa, coffee, and fish. The main export-trading part-
ners are China, Belgium, Romania, and the United States. The mailing address is the same as street address.
The main imports are foodstuffs, machinery and equipment,
fuels, lubricants, and chemicals. The main import-trading part- U. S. Embassy Sierra Leone Home Page
ners are China, India, the United States, and the United King- http://freetown.usembassy.gov
dom.
Pub. 140
649
SINT MAARTEN

Buoyage System 649
Government 649 Chart No. 1 for further IALA Buoyage System information.
Holidays 650
Languages 650
Navigational Information 650 The official unit of currency is the Netherlands Antilles guil-
Pilotage 650 der (also known as the gulden or the florin), consisting of 100
Regulations 650 cents.
Signals 650 Government
Time Zone 651
U.S. Embassy 651 Sint Maarten is an integral part of the Kingdom of the Neth-
erlands. It are fully autonomous concerning internal affairs.
General The Dutch government is responsible for defense and foreign
affairs.
Sint Maarten is the Dutch part of the island of Saint Martin, King Willem-Alexander of the Netherlands is the chief of
It is located on the S part of the island while the French part of state. The Governor-General is appointed by the King for a 6-
the island is on the N. year term following legislative elections. The unicameral Stat-
The tropical maritime climate is eased by the Northeast en is composed of 15 directly-elected members serving 4-year
Trade Winds, resulting in moderate temperatures. The average terms.
annual rainfall is about 150 cm. The hurricane season is from The legal system is based on Dutch civil law, with some En-
July to November. glish common law influence.
The volcanic terrain is low and hilly. The capital is Phillipsburg.
Pub. 140
650 Sint Maarten
Enroute Volumes
ume 1.
Maritime Claims
The maritime territorial claims of Sint Maarten are, as fol-
lows:

Flag of Sint Maarten Contiguous Zone 24 miles.
Fisheries or Economic To median lines.
Holidays Zone
The following holidays are observed: * Claims straight baselines. Requires advance permission
or notification for innocent passage of warships in the ter-
ritorial sea.
Easter Sunday Variable Pilotage
Easter Monday Variable Pilotage is essential at all ports for anchoring and berthing
April 30 Queen’s Birthday alongside.
May 1 Labor Day Regulations
Vessels carrying dangerous cargo must obtain special per-
Whitsunday Variable mission before entering any port. Cargo in transit must be
Whitmonday Variable stored in a sealed hold while in port.
It is prohibited to dump oily wastes overboard within 50
July 1 Emancipation Day
miles of the coast.
July 2 Flag Day
Last Monday in July Carnival Day
Search and Rescue
November 11 * Sint Maarten Flag Day
December 25 Christmas Day See Curacao—Search and Rescue.
December 26 Boxing Day Signals
* Local holiday celebrated on indicated island.
Visual storms signals are displayed by day in Groot Baai
(Sint Maarten), as follows:
Industries
Signal Meaning
The main industries include tourism and light industry.
The main export is sugar. The main export-trading partners Small craft warning.
are China, the United States, and Japan. Winds up to 34 knots
The main imports are crude oil, food, and manufactured Two red triangular flags, Gale warning. Winds of
goods. The main import-trading partners are China, Japan, the vertically disposed 34 to 47 knots.
United States, and Brazil.
One square red flag, with Whole gale warning.
Languages a centered black square Winds of 48 to 63 knots.
Dutch and English are the official languages, although Pa- Hurricane warning. Winds
piamento, a Spanish-Portuguese-Dutch-English dialect, pre- over 63 knots.
vertically disposed
dominates.
Pub. 140
Sint Maarten 651
Time Zone accredited to Sint Maarten.

The U.S. Consulate is situated at J. B. Gorsiraweg #1, Wil-
The Time Zone description is QUEBEC (+4). Daylight Sav- lemstad.
ings Time is not observed. The mailing address is P.O. Box 158, Willemstad, Curacao.
U.S. Embassy U. S. Consulate Curacao Home Page

http://curacao.usconsulate.gov
There is no U.S. Embassy; the Consul General to Curacao is
Pub. 140
653
SLOVENIA

Buoyage System 653
Cautions 653 Marine Exploitation
Currency 653 Vessels engaged in seismic surveys and other research proj-
Fishing Areas 653 ects may be encountered in the Adriatic Sea, normally inside
Government 653 the 200m depth curve.
Holidays 654
Languages 654
Navigational Information 654 The official unit of currency is the Euro, consisting of 100
Pilotage 654 cents.
Pollution 654
Regulations 654 Fishing Areas
Ship Reporting System 655 A controlled fishing area situated in the Gulf of Trieste strad-
Time Zone 655 dles the international boundary between Slovenia and Italy.
Traffic Separation Schemes 655 Fishing may be carried out in this area by both nations. Con-
U.S. Embassy 655 centrations of fishing vessels may be encountered within this
area, which is bounded by lines joining the following positions:
General a. 45°35.3'N, 13°20.5'E.
b. 45°38.5'N, 13°31.0'E.
Slovenia is located on the northern Adriatic Sea. The country c. 45°36.0'N, 13°35.0'E.
has a short coastline between Italy and Croatia. d. 45°32.2'N, 13°25.5'E.
The climate along the coast is Mediterranean. Inland, the
summers are mild to hot while the winters are cold. Government
The coast, which is generally high, with steep cliffs in plac-
es, is backed by the high mountains of the Julian Alps. Slovenia is a parliamentary republic. The country consists of
201 municipalities and 11 urban municipalities.
Buoyage System Slovenia is governed by a directly-elected President serving
a 5-year term. The President nominates the Prime Minister,
The IALA Buoyage System (Region A) is in effect. See who is elected by the National Assembly. The bicameral Par-
Chart No. 1 for further IALA Buoyage System information. liament consists of the 90-member National Assembly, directly
Pub. 140
654 Slovenia
Enroute Volume
nean.
Maritime Claims
The maritime territorial claims of Slovenia are, as follows:

Flag of Slovenia
* Foreign warships require a 24-hour advance notice for
elected to 4-year terms, and the 40-member National Council, innocent passage through the territorial sea and must use
indirectly elected by an electoral college to 5-year terms. designated sea lanes only.
The legal system is based on a civil law system.
The capital is Ljubljana. Maritime Boundary Disputes
A Croatia-Slovenia land and maritime boundary agreement,
which would have ceded most of Piranski Zaliv (Pirin Bay)
Holidays (45°30'N., 13°34'E.) and maritime access to Slovenia and sev-
eral village to Croatia, remains controversial, has not been rati-
The following holidays are observed: fied, and has been complicated by Croatia’s declaration of an
ecological fisheries zone in the Adriatic Sea.
January 1-2 New Year’s Day
February 8 Slovene Cultural Day Pilotage
Easter Sunday Variable Pilotage is compulsory for all vessels over 500 gross tons en-
Easter Monday Variable tering or leaving Slovenian ports.
April 27 Resistance Day Pollution
May 1-2 Labor Day
MARPOL Special Area
Whitsunday Variable The Mediterranean Sea has been designated as a MARPOL
June 25 National Day Special Area. MARPOL Special Areas are sea areas where
October 31 Reformation Day Further information can be found in North Atlantic
November 1 All Saints’ Day Ocean—Pollution—MARPOL Special Areas.
December 25 Christmas Day Regulations

December 26 Independence Day
waters of Slovenia should be reported to the nearest harbor-
master’s office.
Industries
ETA messages
The main industries include agriculture, iron and aluminum All vessels calling at Slovenian harbors should send their
products, lead and zinc smelting, electronics, trucks and auto- ETA and draft 7 days, 3 days, and 48 hours prior to arrival,
mobiles, electric power equipment, wood products, textiles, with a confirmation sent 24 hours prior to arrival.
chemicals, and machine tools. Vessels carrying dangerous cargo should send their ETA and
The main exports are manufactured goods, machinery and draft 48 hours prior to arrival through any coast radio station to
transport equipment, chemicals, and food. The main export- the Slovenian Maritime Directorate, as follows:
trading partners are Germany, Italy, Austria, and Croatia. 1. Telephone: 386-5-6632100
The main imports are machinery and transport equipment, 2. Facsimile: 386-5-6632102
manufactured goods, chemicals, fuels, lubricants, and food. 3. Telegraph: URSP KOPER
The main import-trading partners are Germany, Italy, Austria.,
China, and Croatia. European Union Expanded Inspection (EI) Notification
Languages ropean Union has introduced a mandatory reporting system for
Slovenian is the official language. Serbo-Croatian is also EU region.
spoken. Reports should be sent through the vessel’s agent.
Pub. 140
Slovenia 655
For further information, see North Atlantic Ocean—Regu- Reporting System.

cation. Time Zone
European Union Dangerous and Polluting Cargo Notifica- The Time Zone description is ALFA (-1). Daylight Savings
tion Time (BRAVO (-2)) is maintained from the last Sunday in
Under European Union (EU) Directive 2002/59/EC, as March until the last Sunday in October.
gross tons and any vessel carrying dangerous or polluting cargo Traffic Separation Schemes
port authority at least 24 hours in advance. Traffic Separation Scheme in Slovenia are located, as fol-
For further information, see Baltic Sea—Regulations—Eu- lows:
ropean Union Dangerous and Polluting Cargo Notifica- 1. In the Approaches to Koper. (IMO adopted)
tions. 2. In the North Adriatic Sea. (IMO adopted)
Search and Rescue U.S. Embassy

The Maritime Rescue Coordination Center (MRCC) Koper The U.S. Embassy is situated at Presernova 31, 1000 Lju-
is the search and rescue coordination center for Slovenia. bljana.
MRCC Koper maintains a continuous listening watch for dis- The mailing addresses are, as follows:
tress traffic on VHF channel 16 and VHF channel 70 and can 1. Slovenia address—
be contacted, as follows: Presernova 31
1. Telephone: 386-5-6632108 1000 Ljubljana
386-5-6632106 2. U. S. address—
2. Facsimile: 386-5-6632110 American Embassy Ljubljana
3. E-mail: [email protected] Department of State
7140 Ljubljana Place
Ship Reporting System Washington, DC (20521-7140)
The Adriatic Ship Reporting System (ADRIREP), a manda- U. S. Embassy Slovenia Home Page
tory system for certain vessels, is in effect for the Adriatic Sea http://slovenia.usembassy.gov
N of latitude 40°25'N. For further information, see Italy—Ship
Pub. 140
657
SPAIN
General 657 tar and Gibraltar; and on the W side by the North Atlantic
Areas to be Avoided 657 Ocean and Portugal.
Buoyage System 658 The climate is temperate with clear, hot summers in the inte-
Cautions 658 rior, and becomes more moderate and cloudy along the coast.
Currency 658 Spain has cloudy, cold winters in the interior and becomes
Firing Areas 658 partly cloudy and cool along the coast.
Fishing Areas 662 The terrain has large, flat to dissected plateaus surrounded
Government 663 by rugged hills.
Holidays 663 Spain controls the coastal enclaves of Ceuta and Melilla, in
Industries 663 Morocco, in addition to the islands of Penon de Velez de la
Languages 663 Gomera, Penon de Alhucemas, and the Islas Chafarinas.
Meteorology 663 Spain includes the Islas Baleares (Balearic Islands) in the
Navigational Information 663 Mediterranean Sea and the Islas Canarias (Canary Islands) in
Offshore Drilling 664 the North Atlantic Ocean. The principal islands of the Islas
Pilotage 664 Baleares are Majorca, Minorca, Ibiza, Formentera, and Cabre-
Pollution 664 ra. The principal islands of the Islas Canarias are Tenerife, La
Regulations 664 Palma, Gomera, Hierro, Grand Canary, Fuerteventura, and
Search and Rescue 665 Lanzarote.
Signals 667 Areas to be Avoided
Special Areas 667
Submarine Operating Areas 667 IMO-adopted Areas to be Avoided have been established in
Time Zone 669 the vicinity of the Islas Canarias. In order to prevent the risk of
Traffic Separation Schemes 669 pollution in highly sensitive sea areas, all tankers and ships of
U.S. Embassy 669 over 500 gross tons carrying oil or dangerous bulk cargo as car-
Vessel Traffic Service 669 go should avoid the following areas:
1. Off Isla de Lanzarote.—An area contained between
General the meridians of 13°15'W and 13°39'W and the parallels of
29°07'N and 29°30'N.
Spain is located in southwestern Europe. It is bound on the N 2. Off Isla de Tenerife.—An area contained between the
side by the Bay of Biscay, France, and Andorra; on the E side meridian of 17°22'W and the S coast of the island and the
by the Mediterranean Sea; on the S side by the Strait of Gibral- parallels of 28°00'N and 28°21'N.
Pub. 140
658 Spain
3. Off Isla de Gran Canaria.—An area contained be- Local magnetic anomalies are located in the Islas Canarias,
tween the meridian of 16°00'W and the coast and the paral- as follows:
lels of 27°44'N and 28°00'N. 1. Isla de Lanzerote—Normal variation decreases by 2.5°
4. Off Isla de La Palma.—An area contained between in an area E of Estrecho de la Boya.
the meridians of 17°35'W and 18°00'W and the parallels of 2. Isla de la Palma—Normal variation increases by 2.25°
28°17'N and 29°00'N. off the E and SW sides of the island.
5. Off Isla de Hierro.—An area bounded by lines join-
ing the following positions: Locust Reports
a. 28°00.0'N, 18°21.0'W. See North Atlantic Ocean—Cautions for further informa-
b. 28°00.0'N, 17°42.0'W. tion.
c. 27°48.0'N, 17°11.0'W.
d. 27°23.0'N, 17°58.0'W. Tide Rips
e. 27°36.0'N, 18°25.0'W. In the E approaches to the Strait of Gibraltar, tide rips have
Vessels carrying oil and other dangerous bulk cargo to or been reported to occur under certain weather conditions during
from ports in the Islas Canarias which have to pass through the a W current. These tide rips, which have been detected on ra-
above areas in order to reach their destination must do so in the dar, may be up to 4 miles long.
least possible time without compromising the safety of naviga-
tion. Whales
From April through August, a sperm whales conservation ar-
Buoyage System ea is in effect in the Strait of Gibraltar. For further information,
see Mediterranean Sea—Cautions—Whales.
chart No. 1 for further IALA Buoyage System information. Currency
Lights are shown from 15 minutes after sunset until 15 min-
utes before sunrise. The official unit of currency is the Euro, consisting of 100
Many lights on the N and NW coasts of Spain are placed at cents.
elevations where mist frequently obscures the light, giving
mariners little warning of their proximity. Firing Areas
Cautions North Coast
Firing exercises may take place in the following areas:
Abnormal Water Levels 1. Area LED-28—An area bounded by lines joining the
Along the N coast of Spain in the Bay of Biscay, strong following positions:
winds can cause abnormal water levels. In general, winds from a. 44°20'30'N, 4°47'30''W.
a W quarter can raise sea levels from 0.2 to 1.4m, while winds b. 44°17'20'N, 4°07'30'W.
from an E quarter can lower sea levels from 0.2 to 0.8m. c. 43°36'00'N, 4°34'00'W.
d. 43°40'00'N, 5°40'00'W.
Abnormal Waves
Abnormal waves have been reported to occur under certain Northwest Coast
weather conditions in the vicinity of the 200m curve off the Firing exercises may take place in the following areas:
NW coast of Spain. These waves may be up to 30m high with 1. Area LED-39—An area bounded by lines joining the
very steep fronts. following positions:
a. 44°55'N, 11°00'W.
Coastal Conditions b. 43°32'N, 9°00'W.
Poor visibility is associated with onshore winds, especially c. 43°11'N, 9°28'W.
in the area of the entrance points to the Bay of Biscay. d. 44°33'N, 11°00'W.
Westerly gales produce a heavy swell and a strong E current 2. Area LED-80—An area bounded by lines joining the
along the N coast of Spain. This current may attain a rate of as following positions:
much as 5 knots at the E end of the N coast of Spain. a. 43°29'N, 8°17'W.
b. 43°29'N, 8°20'W.
High Speed Craft c. 43°30'N, 8°20'W.
High speed craft operate in the Strait of Gibraltar. Vessels are d. 43°30'N, 8°17'W.
advised to maintain a good lookout. Some high speed craft can 3. Area LED-81—An area bounded by lines joining the
generate large waves which can have a serious impact on small following positions:
craft and their moorings close to the shoreline and on shallow a. 43°28'N, 8°27'W.
off-lying banks. b. 43°28'N, 8°57'W.
c. 43°46'N, 8°57'W.
Magnetic Anomalies d. 43°46'N, 8°27'W.
Local magnetic anomalies are located, as follows: 4. Area LED-82—An area bounded by lines joining the
1. Within 13 miles of Cabo Torinana (43°03'N., 9°18'W.). following positions:
2. In the E and W approaches to the Strait of Gibraltar. a. 42°10'N, 9°10'W.
Pub. 140
Spain 659
b. 42°10'N, 9°40'W. a. 36°56'30''N, 6°34'06''W.

c. 42°30'N, 9°40'W. b. 36°51'18''N, 6°29'18''W.
d. 42°30'N, 9°10'W. c. 36°13'18''N, 6°38'00''W.
5. Area F-130—An area bounded by a circle with a radi- d. 36°14'18''N, 6°43'02''W.
us of 3 miles centered on position 43°45'N, 9°02'W. This ar- e. 36°50'20''N, 6°43'02''W.
ea is presently (2016) inactive. 10. Area LED-129—An area bounded by lines joining
Southwest Coast a. 36°50'20''N, 6°43'02''W.
Firing exercises may take place in the following areas: b. 36°14'18''N, 6°43'02''W.
1. Area LED-90 (Sector A)—An area bounded by lines c. 36°20'00''N, 7°21'18''W.
joining the following positions: Area Sierra de Retin.—A permanent area for amphibious
a. 36°26'00''N, 6°35'00''W. exercises is bounded by lines joining the following positions:
b. 36°27'20''N, 6°32'54''W. a. 36°10'58.9''N, 5°54'43.0''W.
c. 35°58'47''N, 6°21'49''W. b. 36°10'07.0''N, 5°55'31.6''W.
d. 35°58'47''N, 6°41'00''W. c. 35°06'40.6''N, 5°51'21.3''W.
2. Area LED-90 (Sector B)—An area bounded by lines d. 35°06'15.4''N, 5°50'13.8''W.
a. 35°58'47''N, 6°21'49''W. Strait of Gibraltar
b. 36°13'38''N, 6°27'34''W. Firing exercises may take place in the following areas:
c. 36°27'35''N, 6°14'55''W. 1. Sierra del Retin—An area bounded by lines joining
3. Area LED-90 (Sector C)—An area bounded by lines the following positions:
joining the following positions: a. 36°10'21.0''N, 5°53'34.2''W.
a. 36°27'20''N, 6°32'54''W. b. 36°08'40.8''N, 5°54'21.6''W.
b. 36°29'00''N, 6°30'00''W. c. 36°07'42.6''N, 5°55'31.8''W.
c. 36°29'04''N, 6°25'11''W. d. 36°06'15.6''N, 5°53'37.2''W.
d. 36°27'35''N, 6°14'55''W. e. 36°08'24.6''N, 5°51'04.8''W.
e. 36°13'38''N, 6°27'34''W. 2. Zona Centro (Estrecho)—An area bounded by lines
4. Area LED-100—An area bounded by lines joining joining the following positions:
the following positions: a. 36°00.0'N, 5°36.0'W.
a. 36°42'46''N, 6°26'24''W. b. 35°57.5'N, 5°34.5'W.
b. 36°45'30''N, 6°23'00''W. c. 36°00.5'N, 5°24.0'W.
c. 36°52'00''N, 6°10'30''W. d. 36°04.0'N, 5°26.0'W.
d. 36°41'05''N, 6°08'16''W. 3. Zona Almina (Cueta)—An area bounded by lines
e. 36°41'07''N, 6°25'09''W. joining the following positions:
5. Area LED-119—An area bounded by lines joining a. 35°54.2'N, 5°17.5'W.
the following positions: b. 35°55.0'N, 5°03.0'W.
a. 37°09'00''N, 6°45'00''W. c. 35°53.0'N, 5°06.0'W.
b. 36°56'50''N, 6°34'10''W. d. 35°53.0'N, 5°19.5'W.
c. 36°20'00''N, 7°21'30''W. 4. Zona Estrecho (Cueta)—An area bounded by lines
d. 36°55'30''N, 7°21'30''W. joining the following positions:
e. 37°05'00''N, 7°07'10''W. a. 35°55.0'N, 5°22.0'W.
6. Area LED-120—An area bounded by lines joining b. 35°59.0'N, 5°22.0'W.
the following positions: c. 36°01.0'N, 5°16.5'W.
a. 37°09'00''N, 6°45'00''W. d. 36°01.5'N, 5°11.5'W.
b. 36°56'50''N, 6°34'10''W. e. 35°59.5'N, 5°09.0'W.
c. 36°50'33''N, 6°43'03''W. f. 35°54.0'N, 5°17.0'W.
d. 37°05'37''N, 7°01'37''W. g. 35°55.5'N, 5°19.0'W.
7. Area LED-121—An area bounded by lines joining 5. Zona Tarifa (Estrecho)—An area bounded by lines
the following positions: joining the following positions:
a. 37°05'37''N, 7°01'37''W. a. 36°06.0'N, 5°49.0'W.
b. 36°50'33''N, 6°43'03''W. b. 36°01.0'N, 5°55.0'W.
c. 36°20'00''N, 7°21'30''W. c. 36°03.0'N, 5°41.0'W.
d. 37°02'30''N, 7°21'30''W. d. 35°58.0'N, 5°45.0'W.
8. Area LED-122—An area bounded by lines joining 6. Zona Este—An area bounded by lines joining the fol-
the following positions: lowing positions:
a. 36°20'00''N, 7°21'30''W. a. 36°19.0'N, 5°14.0'W.
b. 36°13'30''N, 6°38'00''W. b. 36°14.0'N, 5°06.0'W.
c. 35°51'30''N, 6°42'30''W. c. 36°12.0'N, 5°19.0'W.
d. 35°57'00''N, 7°21'30''W. d. 36°18.0'N, 5°05.0'W.
9. Area LED-128—An area bounded by lines joining e. 36°12.0'N, 5°05.0'W.
the following positions: 7. Zona Estrecho A—An area bounded by lines joining
Pub. 140
660 Spain
the following positions: d. 37°13.0'N, 0°45.0'W.
a. 36°00.0'N, 5°19.7'W. 9. Area M-9—An area bounded by lines joining the fol-
b. 36°02.0'N, 5°06.0'W. lowing positions:
c. 35°56.5'N, 5°13.1'W. a. 37°13.0'N, 0°45.0'W.
d. 35°54.5'N, 5°22.5'W. b. 37°30.0'N, 0°45.0'W.
e. 35°53.5'N, 5°24.7'W. c. 37°30.0'N, 0°17.5'W.
8. Zona Estrecho B—An area bounded by lines joining d. 36°56.0'N, 0°34.0'W.
the following positions: 10. Area M-10—An area bounded by lines joining the
a. 35°56.0'N, 5°23.0'W. following positions:
b. 35°53.0'N, 5°16.0'W. a. 36°56.0'N, 1°45.0'W.
c. 35°53.0'N, 5°22.0'W. b. 37°13.0'N, 1°15.0'W.
d. 35°55.0'N, 5°16.0'W. c. 37°13.0'N, 1°00.0'W.
e. 35°52.0'N, 5°09.0'W. d. 36°56.0'N, 1°00.0'W.
11. Area M-11—An area bounded by lines joining the
Southeast Coast following positions:
Surface to air exercises may take place in the following ar- a. 36°56.0'N, 1°15.0'W.
eas: b. 37°13.0'N, 1°15.0'W.
1. Area LED-22—An area bounded by lines joining the c. 37°13.0'N, 1°00.0'W.
following positions: d. 36°56.0'N, 1°00.0'W.
a. 37°13'N, 1°15'W. 12. Area M-12—An area bounded by lines joining the
b. 37°13'N, 0°45'W. following positions:
c. 36°56'N, 0°45'W. a. 36°56.0'N, 1°00.0'W.
d. 36°56'N, 1°15'W. b. 37°13.0'N, 1°00.0'W.
2. Area M-2—An area lying between the coast and a c. 37°13.0'N, 0°45.0'W.
line joining Cabo Tinoso (37°32'N., 1°06'W.) and Punta Cal- d. 36°56.0'N, 0°45.0'W.
negre (37°40'N., 0°43'W.). 13. Area M-13—An area bounded by lines joining the
3. Area M-3—An area bounded by lines joining the fol- following positions:
lowing positions: a. 36°56.0'N, 0°45.0'W.
a. 37°30.4'N, 1°24.0'W. (Punta de Calnegre) b. 37°13.0'N, 0°45.0'W.
b. 37°26.5'N, 1°17.0'W. c. 37°13.0'N, 0°17.5'W.
c. 37°26.5'N, 1°06.5'W. d. 36°56.0'N, 0°34.0'W.
d. 37°32.2'N, 1°06.5'W. (Cabo Tinoso) 14. Area M-14—An area bounded by lines joining the
4. Area M-4—An area bounded by the coast and lines following positions:
joining the following positions: a. 36°43.5'N, 1°45.0'W.
a. 37°30.4'N, 1°24.0'W. (Punta de Calnegre) b. 36°56.0'N, 1°45.0'W.
b. 37°26.5'N, 1°17.0'W. c. 36°56.0'N, 1°15.0'W.
c. 37°26.5'N, 1°12.0'W. d. 36°43.5'N, 1°15.0'W.
d. 37°16.6'N, 1°17.2'W. 15. Area M-15—An area bounded by lines joining the
e. 37°26.0'N, 1°28.7'W. (Cabo Cope) following positions:
5. Area M-5—An area bounded by the coast and lines a. 36°43.5'N, 1°15.0'W.
joining the following positions: b. 36°56.0'N, 1°15.0'W.
a. 37°26.0'N, 1°28.7'W. (Cabo Cope) c. 36°56.0'N, 0°34.0'W.
b. 37°16.6'N, 1°17.2'W. d. 36°43.5'N, 0°52.0'W.
c. 37°04.5'N, 1°33.2'W. 16. Area M-20—An area bounded by the coast and lines
d. 37°15.0'N, 1°46.0'W. (Villaricos) joining the following positions:
6. Area M-6—An area bounded by the coast and lines a. 41°00.0'N, 0°54.5'E. (coast)
a. 37°15.0'N, 1°46.0'W. (Villaricos) c. 40°00.0'N, 1°34.0'E.
b. 37°04.5'N, 1°33.2'W. d. 40°00.0'N, 0°02.5'E. (coast)
c. 36°56.0'N, 1°45.0'W.
d. 36°56.0'N, 1°54.3'W. (Mesa de Roldan) Naval air exercises may take place in the following areas:
7. Area M-7—An area bounded by lines joining the fol- 1. Area LED-19—An area bounded by lines joining the
lowing positions: following positions:
a. 37°13.0'N, 1°15.0'W. a. 36°38'N, 4°20'W.
b. 37°30.0'N, 1°00.0'W. b. 36°11'N, 2°02'W.
c. 37°30.0'N, 1°00.0'W. c. 35°50'N, 2°07'W.
8. Area M-8—An area bounded by lines joining the fol- d. 35°50'N, 4°54'W.
lowing positions: 2. Area LED-21A—An area bounded by lines joining
a. 37°13.0'N, 1°00.0'W. the following positions:
b. 37°30.0'N, 1°00.0'W. a. 40°30'12''N, 1°07'42''E.
c. 37°30.0'N, 0°45.0'W. b. 39°49'24''N, 1°13'12''E.
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Spain 661
c. 39°49'24''N, 0°10'12''E. a. 38°13.0'N, 0°30.3'W. (Cabo de Santa Pola)

3. Area LED-21B—An area bounded by lines joining b. 38°04.8'N, 0°06.2'W.
the following positions: c. 38°25.0'N, 0°04.6'E.
a. 40°20'36''N, 1°08'12''E. d. 38°30.8'N, 0°12.9'W. (Villajoyosa)
b. 39°53'24''N, 1°10'42''E. 5. Area M-18—An area bounded by the coast and lines
c. 39°49'24''N, 0°10'12''E. joining the following positions:
d. 39°26'36''N, 1°08'12''E. a. 38°30.8'N, 0°12.9'W. (Villajoyosa)
4. Area LED-22—An area bounded by lines joining the b. 38°25.0'N, 0°04.6'E.
following positions: c. 38°44.2'N, 0°14.2'E. (Cabo de la Nao)
a. 37°13'N, 1°15'W. 6. Area M-19—An area bounded by lines joining the fol-
b. 37°13'N, 0°45'W. lowing positions:
c. 36°56'N, 0°45'W. a. 37°30.0'N, 0°24.0'W.
d. 36°56'N, 1°15'W. b. 37°30.0'N, 0°17.5'W.
5. Area LED-26—An area bounded by lines joining the c. 38°43.8'N, 0°22.0'E.
following positions: d. 38°44.2'N, 0°14.2'W. (Cabo la Nao)
a. 36°55'24.0''N, 0°06'04.8''E. 7. Area M-20—An area bounded, as follows:
b. 37°52'15.0''N, 0°06'33.0''E. a. North boundary—Latitude 41°00'N.
c. 38°30'34.8''N, 0°30'48.0''E. b. East boundary—A line joining position 41°00'N,
d. 38°35'30.0''N, 0°46'24.0''E. 2°30'E and position 40°00'N, 1°35'E.
e. 38°35'30.0''N, 1°06'37.8''E. c. South boundary—Latitude 40°00'N.
f. 38°12'57.6''N, 1°51'24.0''E. d. West boundary—A line parallel to the coast 5 miles
g. 37°43'33.6''N, 2°07'21.0''E. offshore between latitude 40°00'N and latitude 41°00'N.
6. Area LED-32—An area bounded by lines joining the 8. Area M-23—An area bounded by the coast and lines
following positions: joining Punta del Estacia, Bajo de fuera, and Cabo de Palos.
a. 39°22'18''N, 0°16'00''W. Area M-134—Depth charge exercises may take place in an
b. 39°16'30''N, 0°06'00''W. area bounded by a circle with a radius of 2 miles centered on
c. 39°13'12''N, 0°10'00''W. position 37°27'N, 1°00'W. This area is abandoned.
d. 39°20'30''N, 0°18'12''W. Area M-135—Depth charge exercises may take place in an
7. Area LED-56—An area bounded by a circle with a area bounded by lines joining the following positions:
radius of 5 miles centered on position 36°15'27.6''N, a. 39°53.1'N, 0°04.3'E.
4°59'30.0''W. b. 39°53.1'N, 0°40.8'E.
8. Area LED-59—An area bounded by lines joining the c. 39°54.8'N, 0°40.8'E.
following positions: d. 39°54.8'N, 0°04.3'E.
a. 39°12'N, 0°07'W. This area is abandoned.
b. 38°50'N, 0°20'W.
c. then the arc of a circle with a radius of 55 miles cen- Islas Baleares
tered on position 39°29'N, 0°29'W from position 38°50'N, Mine sweeping exercises may take place near Islas Baleares
0°20'W to position 38°39'N, 0°00'W. within the following areas:
d. 39°07'N, 0°16'W. 1. Area M-21—An area bounded by the SW coast of Isla
e. then the arc of a circle with a radius of 25 miles cen- de Mallorca, the parallel 39°05'N, and the meridians 2°25'E
tered on position 39°29'N, 0°29'W from position 39°07'N, and 2°49'E.
0°16'W to position 39°12'N, 0°07'W. 2. Area M-22—An area bounded by the E coast of Isla
Minesweeping exercises may take place in the following ar- de Mallorca, the parallels 39°30'N and 40°00'N, and the me-
eas: ridians of 3°12'E and 3°49'E.
1. Area M-1—An area lying between the coast and a line
joining Punta Podadera and Cabo Tinoso (37°32'N., Islas Canarias
1°06'W.). Firing exercises may take place off the Islas Canarias in the
2. Area M-2—An area lying between the coast and a line following areas:
joining Cabo Tinoso (37°32'N., 1°06'W.) and Punta Calnegre 1. Area GCD-3—An area bounded by lines joining the
(37°40'N., 0°43'W.). following positions:
3. Area M-16—An area bounded by the coast and lines a. 28°20'50''N, 14°13'00''W.
joining the following positions: b. 28°20'50''N, 14°09'20''W.
a. 37°48.8'N, 0°45.0'W., then the minor arc of a circle c. 28°15'20''N, 14°09'20''W.
with a radius of 10 miles centered on Cabo de Palos d. 28°14'20''N, 14°13'00''W.
(37°38.5'N., 0°41.5'W.) to position 2. Area GCD-15—An area bounded by lines joining the
b. 37°30.0'N, 0°35.0'W. following positions:
c. 37°30.0'N, 0°24.0'W. a. 28°58'00''N, 13°49'36''W.
d. 38°04.8'N, 0°06.2'W. b. 28°58'00''N, 13°47'36''W.
e. 38°13.0'N, 0°30.3'W. (Cabo de Santa Pola) c. 28°57'12''N, 13°47'36''W.
4. Area M-17—An area bounded by the coast and lines d. 28°57'12''N, 13°49'36''W.
joining the following positions: 3. Area GCD-20 (Sector A)—An area bounded by lines
Pub. 140
662 Spain
joining the following positions: 15°57'03''W.
a. 27°30'00''N, 16°00'00''W. c. 27°29'00''N, 14°00'00''W.
b. 27°30'00''N, 15°30'00''W. d. 27°45'48''N, 14°40'39''W.
c. 27°20'00''N, 15°30'00''W. e. then the arc of a circle with a radius of 45 miles cen-
d. 27°20'00''N, 16°00'00''W. tered on position 28°04'38''N, 15°25'43''W from position
4. Area GCD-20 (Sector B)—An area bounded by lines 27°45'48''N, 14°40'39''W to position 27°26'55''N, 15°
joining the following positions: 51'38''W.
a. 27°20'00''N, 16°00'00''W. f. then the arc of a circle with a radius of 70 miles cen-
b. 27°20'00''N, 15°30'00''W. tered on position 28°32'12''N, 16°16'09''W from position
c. 27°00'00''N, 15°30'00''W. 27°26'55''N, 15°51'38''W to position 27°48'26''N, 17°
d. 27°00'00''N, 16°00'00''W. 16'08''W back to the point of beginning.
5. Area CGD-23—An area bounded by lines joining the
following positions: Fishing Areas
a. 28°25'30''N, 16°16'25''W.
b. 28°19'00''N, 16°10'05''W. Tunny fishing.—Tunny fisheries use large nets set at depths
c. 28°17'40''N, 16°15'15''W. of 15 to 40m. Tunny fishing usually takes place with 10 miles
6. Area GCD-29—An area bounded by lines joining the of the coast. On dark nights, small vessels may be encountered
following positions: fishing by the light of flares. these flares, owing to the move-
a. 28°30'00''N, 16°10'15''W. ment of the ocean surface, may have the appearance of flashing
b. 28°31'00''N, 16°06'00''W. lights and must not be mistaken for navigational lights.
c. 28°26'00''N, 16°05'05''W. In Spanish waters, each tunny net, when submerged, is usu-
7. Area GCD-51—An area bounded by lines joining the ally marked, as follows:
following positions: 1. By day—A red ball over a white ball is shown from the
a. 27°55'50''N, 15°21'44''W. outer boat or buoy; if the net has an outer tail, the boat or
b. 27°59'44''N, 15°16'40''W. buoy shows a white ball over a red ball.
c. 27°52'13''N, 15°16'20''W. Instead of the colored balls, the boats or buoys marking
8. Area GCD-53—An area bounded by lines joining the the net may display a white flag with a black A in its center.
following positions: 2. By night—A red light over a white light is shown from
a. 28°10'08''N, 15°24'22''W. the outer boat or buoy; if the net has an outer tail, the boat or
b. 28°16'39''N, 15°19'27''W. buoy shows a white light over a red light.
c. 28°16'39''N, 15°31'38''W. Alternatively, two red lights, vertically disposed, may be
9. Area GCD-54—An area bounded by lines joining the displayed from the outer boat or buoy; if the net has an outer
following positions: tail, the boat or buoy shows a red light over a white light.
a. 28°10'08''N, 15°25'10''W. A new system of marking tunny nets is being implemented.
b. 28°12'18''N, 15°19'06''W. The nets will be marked by lighted buoys, with a nominal
c. 28°05'30''N, 15°20'08''W. range of not less than 3 miles, at the outer points of the tunny
d. 28°09'39''N, 15°25'10''W. net area.
10. Area GCD-74—An area bounded by lines joining the Off the N coast of Spain, tunny vessels operate off the coast
following positions: from July to November. For further information, see France—
a. 28°21'06''N, 16°23'00''W. Fishing Areas.
b. 28°16'00''N, 16°23'00''W. The tunny season off the S coast of Spain and the Islas Bale-
c. 28°15'20''N, 16°15'00''W. ares begins in the beginning of February and ends at the end of
d. 28°20'20''N, 16°15'00''W. September.
11. Area GCD-75—An area bounded by lines joining the Other fisheries.—From December to June, off the N coast
following positions: of Spain, vessels normally work within 60 miles of the coast.
a. 28°09'30''N, 15°24'00''W. The larger vessels (50 to 200 tons) use nets to catch mackerel
b. 28°09'30''N, 15°26'00''W. in March and anchovies from March to June. The smaller ves-
c. 28°11'00''N, 15°26'00''W. sels (20 to 50 tons) use hooks to catch hake from November to
d. 28°11'00''N, 15°24'00''W. June and mackerel in March and April.
12. Area GCD-78—An area bounded by lines joining the Trawlers work up to 100 miles offshore SW and W of the
following positions: coast of Brittany, but elsewhere in the Bay of Biscay they are
a. 27°46'00''N, 15°33'00''W. seldom found more than 50 miles offshore.
b. 27°46'00''N, 15°36'00''W. A large concentration of fishing vessels may be found SW of
c. 27°43'00''N, 15°36'00''W. the Banco del Hoyo Traffic Separation Scheme, in an area
d. 27°43'00''N, 15°33'00''W. bounded by lines joining the following positions:
13. Area GCD-79—An area bounded by lines joining the a. 36°00'N, 6°50'W.
following positions: b. 36°00'N, 6°10'W.
a. 27°14'38''N, 18°59'03''W. c. 35°30'N, 6°10'W.
b. then the arc of a circle with a radius of 200 miles d. 35°30'N, 6°50'W.
centered on position 28°04'38''N, 15°25'43''W from posi- The vessels fish with drift nets up to 1 mile long, which may
tion 27°14'38''N, 18°59'03''W to position 24°51'07''N, show strobe lights to mark their positions.
Pub. 140
Spain 663
During the anchovy season (March to May), large concentra- December 8 Immaculate Conception
tions of fishing vessels can be found off the N coast of Spain.
For information on bluefin tuna fishing in the approaches to December 25 Christmas Day
the Strait of Gibraltar, see Mediterranean Sea—Fishing Ar-
eas. In addition, two or more local holidays are usually celebrat-
For information on tunny fishery of the N coast of sapin and ed in each locality. Autonomous provinces may celebrate cer-
in the Bay of Biscay, see France—Fishing Areas. tain local holidays instead of some of the general holidays.
Government Industries
The main industries include textiles and apparel, food and
beverages, metals, chemicals, shipbuilding, automobiles, ma-
chine tools, tourism, clay and refractory products, pharmaceu-
ticals, footwear, and medical equipment.
The main exports are machinery, motor vehicles, foodstuffs,
pharmaceuticals, medicines, and consumer goods. The main
export-trading partners are France, Germany, Italy, the United
Kingdom, and Portugal.
The main imports are machinery and equipment, fuels,
chemicals, semi-finished goods, foodstuffs, consumer goods,
and measuring and medical-control instruments. The main im-
port-trading partners are Germany, France, China, Italy, and
Flag of Spain the Netherlands.
The government is a parliamentary monarchy. The country is Languages

divided into 17 semi-autonomous communities and two auton-
omous cities. Spanish is the official language.
Spain is governed by a king. The President is named by the
monarch after the national elections based on which party re- Meteorology
ceived the most seats in the National Assembly. The National
Assembly is composed of a 266-member Senate, of which 208 Marine weather forecasts for Spain, Islas Canarias, the west-
members are directly elected and 58 members are appointed by ern Mediterranean Sea, and the Atlantic Ocean are available in
the regional legislatures, serving 4-year terms, and a 350-mem- Spanish from the Agencia Estatal de Meteorologia (http://
ber Congress of Deputies, who are directly elected based on a www.aemet.es).
system of proportional representation, serving 4-year terms
The legal system is based on civil law, with regional applica- Navigational Information
tions.
The capital is Madrid. Enroute Volumes
nean.
Holidays Pub. 143, Sailing Directions (Enroute) West Coast of Europe
Maritime Claims
The maritime territorial claims of Spain are, as follows:
January 6 Epiphany
March 19 St. Joseph’s Day Territorial Sea * 12 miles.
Holy Thursday Variable Contiguous Zone 24 miles.
Good Friday Variable Fisheries or Economic 200 miles **
Zone
May 1 Labor Day tal Margin.
July 25 Santiago Apostol * Claims straight baselines.
August 15 Assumption Day ** Atlantic coast only. In the Mediterranean Sea, only
October 12 Spanish National Day claims a fishery limit to the median line.
December 6 Constitution Day Morocco protests Spanish control over the coastal enclaves
Pub. 140
664 Spain
of Ceuta and Melilla, as well as the offshore islands of Penon cludes all ports, terminals, and anchorage areas in the Canary
de Velez de la Gomera, Penon de Alhucemas, and Islas Charfa- Islands.
rinas.
Morocco rejected Spain’s 2002 unilateral designation of a Radio Frequencies
median line from the Islas Canarias (Canary Islands) to set lim- The use of radio frequencies lower than 30 MHz by mer-
its to undersea resource exploration and refugee interdiction. In chant vessels in or in the approaches to Spanish ports is prohib-
2003, Spain and Morocco agreed to discuss comprehensive ited, except for emergencies or with permission of the
maritime delineations. Maritime Authority.
Morocco and Spain both claim jurisdiction over Isla Perejil
(Leila Island) (35°55'N., 5°25'W.). Access to Spanish Ports
Access to Spanish ports may be prohibited, or subject to cer-
Internet Maritime Safety Information tain regulations, due to naval maneuvers, exercises, or other
NAVAREA III warnings are available, in English and Span- causes, as follows:
ish, from the Spanish Hydrographic Institute. 1. A warning signal will be shown from a conspicuous
position. By day, three balls will be disposed vertically. By
http://www.armada.mde.es/ihm/Aplicaciones/Navareas/ night, three red lights will be disposed vertically.
Index_radioavisos.htm 2. The same signals will be shown by the watch vessels.
3. Vessels wishing to enter or leave Spanish waters when
the above signals are displayed must:
Offshore Drilling a. By day—display the pilot flag and await the arrival
of a watch vessel.
The Afortunada Oil Field, consisting of a lighted production
b. By night—burn one or more lights, sound a siren or
platform and numerous well heads and pipelines, is located off
whistle, and await the arrival of a watch vessel.
the SE coast of Spain about 22 miles E of Cabo Tortosa
4. If a watch vessel hails or fires a gun, a vessel must im-
(40°43'N., 0°53'E.).
mediately stop or heave to.
An offshore gas field lies N and E of Cabo Machichaco
5. Vessels will, if the occasion arises, submit to a visit
(43°27'N., 2°45'W.). A production platform connected to a well
from the watch vessel, which will provide the following in-
by a submarine pipeline lies E of the cape.
formation:
a. If a special examination service is established and
Pilotage where it is to be found.
b. If the port is closed and, if so, for how long.
Pilotage is compulsory for all vessels over 500 gross tons en-
c. If there are any special directions for the navigation
tering, leaving, or maneuvering in Spanish ports.
of any part of the port.
Pilot boats are generally painted black or gray, with the letter
6. Necessary instructions will be provided, or the exam-
P in white on each bow or the word “Pilotos” in white on the
ination made, to vessels leaving the port by the Naval author-
sides. By day pilot vessels generally display a white flag with a
ities, within the port.
blue border with the letter P in the center. At night they display
7. Masters of vessels not complying with these regula-
the lights prescribed by 72 COLREGS.
tions do so at their risk and peril and are liable for any dam-
age they may cause.
Pollution
MARPOL Special Area
EU region.
Further information can be found in North Atlantic The report should be sent to the port authorities.
Ocean—Pollution—MARPOL Special Areas. For further information, see North Atlantic Ocean—Regu-
Pollution Insurance cation.
It has been reported (2008) that all vessels over 1,000 gross
tons that do not have proof of insurance or financial guarantees European Union Dangerous and Polluting Cargo Notifica-
to cover the cost of fuel-sourced damage to the environment tion
will not be allowed to enter or depart Spanish ports. Under European Union (EU) Directive 2002/59/EC, as
Regulations gross tons and any vessel carrying dangerous or polluting cargo
Single-hull Tankers port authority at least 24 hours in advance.
All single-hull tankers carrying heavy fuel, tar, asphaltic bi- For further information, see Baltic Sea—Regulations—Eu-
tumen, or heavy crude oil are not permitted to enter Spanish ropean Union Dangerous and Polluting Cargo Notifica-
ports, terminals, and anchorage areas. This prohibition also in- tions.
Pub. 140
Spain 665
Particularly Sensitive Sea Areas (PSSA) a. Llanes (43°22'N., 3°04'W.).

A PSSA is an area that requires special protection because of b. Gijon (43°34'N., 5°41'W.).
its vulnerability to damage caused by marine activities. Vessels c. Luarca (43°33'N., 6°32'W.).
operating in or near such an area should exercise the utmost d. Burela (43°40'N., 7°21'W.).
care to avoid damage to the maritime environment and the ma- 2. Northwest coast (Atlantic Ocean).
rine organisms in it. No waste should be discharged overboard. a. La Coruna (43°22'N., 8°22'W.).
The waters off the W coast of the United Kingdom, Ireland, b. Puerto de Camarinas (43°08'N., 9°11'W.).
Belgium, France, Spain, and Portugal, from the Sheltand Is- c. O Son (42°44'N., 9°00'W.).
lands in the N to Cabo San Vicente in the S, including the En- d. Vigo (42°14'N., 8°44'W.).
glish Channel, were granted (2004) the status of PSSA by the e. Puerto de Cangas (42°16'N., 8°47'W.).
International Maritime Organization. The Western Europe 3. Southwest coast (Atlantic Ocean).
Tanker Reporting System (WETREP) was instituted to help a. Huelva (37°09'N., 6°54'W.).
protect the environment of the PSSA. b. Cadiz (36°33'N., 6°26'W.).
The waters surrounding the Islas Canarias were granted c. Algeciras (36°08'N., 5°24'W.).
(2006) the status of a PSSA by the International Maritime Or- 4. East coast (Mediterranean Sea).
ganization. a. Malaga (36°43'N., 4°25'W.).
b. Motril (36°43'N., 3°31'W.).
Search and Rescue c. Almeria (36°50'N., 2°27'W.).
d. Garrucha (37°11'N., 1°49'W.).
Information on the Sociedad de Salvamento y Seguridad e. Cartagena (37°36'N., 0°59'W.).
Maritima (SASE), the national search and rescue agency of f. Alicante (38°13'N., 0°31'W.).
Spain, can be found, in Spanish, at the following web site: g. Javea (38°48'N., 0°11'E.).
h. Valencia (39°28'N., 0°22'W.).
SASE Home Page i. Burriana (38°52'N., 0°04'E.).
http://www.salvamentomaritimo.es j. Sant Carles de la Rapita (38°52'N., 0°04'E.).
k. Puerto de Peniscola (40°21'N., 0°24'E.).
The Maritime Rescue Coordination Center (MRCC) Madrid l. Puerto de Vinaroz (40°28'N., 0°29'E.).
coordinates search and rescue operations and can be contacted, m. Tarragona (41°06'N., 1°14'E.).
as follows: n. Barcelona (41°21'N., 2°10'E.).
1. Telephone: 34-917-559132 o. Palamos (41°51'N., 3°08'E.).
34-917-559133 p. El Port de la Selva (42°21'N., 3°12'E.).
2. Facsimile: 34-915-261440 5. Islas Baleares (Mediterranean Sea).
3. E-mail: [email protected] a. Ibeza (38°55'N., 1°27'E.).
Maritime Rescue Coordination Centers (MRCC) and Mari- b. Portal Nous (Puerto Portals) (39°32'N., 2°34'E.).
time Rescue Coordination Subcenters (MRSC) locations and c. Alcudia (39°50'N., 3°08'E.).
contact information can be found in the table titled Spain— d. Colom (39°25'N., 3°16'E.).
MRCC and MRSC Contact Information. e. Ciutadella (40°00'N., 3°50'E.).
A network of coast radio stations maintains a continuous lis- f. Mahon (39°53'N., 4°18'E.).
tening watch on international distress frequencies. 6. Melilla, the Spanish enclave on the coast of Morocco
Lifeboats and rescue craft are stationed, as follows: (35°17'N., 2°56'W.).
1. North coast (Bay of Biscay). 7. Islas Canarias.
a. Pasajes (43°19'N., 1°55'W.). a. Arrecife (28°57'N., 13°33'W.).
b. Bermeo (43°25'N., 2°43'W.). b. Gran Tarajal (28°12'N., 14°01'W.).
c. Bilbao (43°22'N., 3°04'W.). c. Arquineguin (27°45'N., 15°40'W.).
d. Santander (43°27'N., 3°48'W.). d. Las Palmas (28°08'N., 15°25'W.).
Spain—MRCC and MRSC Contact Information

MRCC/MRSC Telephone Facsimile E-mail
Atlantic Coast
34-944-837053
MRCC Bilbao 34-944-839411 34-944-839161 [email protected]
34-944-839286
34-942-213030
MRSC Santander 34-942-213060 34-942-213638 [email protected]
34-942-213157
Pub. 140
666 Spain

34-985-326050
MRCC Gijon 34-985-326373 34-985-320908 [email protected]
34-985-300475
34-981-209541
MRSC Coruna 34-981-209548 34-981-209518 [email protected]
34-981-221005
34-981-767320
MRCC Finisterre 34-981-767740 [email protected]
34-981-767738
34-986-222230
MRSC Vigo 34-986-228874 34-986-228957 [email protected]
34-986-227112
34-959-243000
MRSC Huelva 34-959-243061 34-959-242103 [email protected]
34-959-243073
34-956-214253
MRSC Cadiz 34-956-211621 34-956-226091 [email protected]
34-956-226260
34-956-684740
MRCC Tarifa 34-956-680606 [email protected]
34-956-684757
Mediterranean Coast
MRSC Algeciras 34-956-580930 — [email protected]
34-950-270715
MRCC Almeria 34-950-271726 34-950-270402 [email protected]
34-950-275477
34-968-529594
MRSC Cartagena 34-968-505366 34-968-529748 [email protected]
34-968-528346
MRSC Castellon 34-964-737202 34-964-737105 [email protected]
34-977-216203
MRSC Tarragona 34-977-216209 [email protected]
34-977-216215
34-96-3679204
MRSC Valencia 34-96-3679403 [email protected]
34-96-3679302
34-932-234733
MRCC Barcelona 34-932-234748 34-932-234613 [email protected]
34-932-234759
MRCC Palma (Mallorca) 34-971-724562 34-971-728352 [email protected]
Islas Canarias
34-928-467757
MRCC Las Palmas 34-928-467760 [email protected]
34-928-467955
Pub. 140
Spain 667

34-922-597551
MRCC Tenerife 34-922-597331 [email protected]
34-922-597552
e. Los Cristianos (28°03'N., 16°42'W.). 3. Bitumen, coal tar, and their emulsions.
f. San Sebastian de la Gomera (28°05'N., 16°42'W.). Further information can be found in Pub. 143, Sailing Direc-
g. Santa Cruz de la Palma (28°40'N., 17°26'W.). tions (Enroute) West Coast of Europe and Northwest Africa
Lifeboats are maintained at a readiness level of 20 minutes (Sector 8).
response time. The boats are 13.5m long, with a beam of 3.7m,
a speed of 13 knots, and a range of 290 miles. The boats have Signals
MF, VHF, and VHF DF equipment on board and are manned
by a crew of six. The following signals may be displayed in Spanish ports:
Salvage tugs are stationed, as follows:
1. Cartagena (37°32'N., 1°07'W.). Day signal Night signal Meaning
2. Motril (36°43'N., 3°31'W.).
3. Palma (39°33'N., 2°38'E.). White light over Local gale or
red light over strong wind.
4. Tarragona (41°06'N., 1°13'E.). Black cylinder
white light, ver- All boat traffic
tically disposed suspended.
Black triangle,
White light over Moderate gale.
Western Europe Tanker Reporting System (WETREP) point down,
two red lights, Port closed to
The Western Europe Tanker Reporting System (WETREP), over black
vertically dis- fishing vessels
a mandatory reporting system, is in effect. The Reporting Area triangle, point
posed and small craft.
covers the waters off Belgium; the W coast and English Chan- up
nel coasts of France; Ireland; Portugal; the N and W coasts of
Spain; and the English Channel and W coasts of the United Special Areas
Kingdom, including the Shetland Isles.
Further information on WETREP can be found in North At- Explosives Dumping Grounds and Depth Charges Areas
lantic Ocean—Ship Reporting System. Area E132—Circular area with a radius of 1.8 miles cen-
tered on position 36°14.6'N, 6°49.2'W.
FINREP This area is inactive.
FINREP, a mandatory Vessel Traffic Service, is in operation Area E133—Area bounded by lines joining the following
off Cabo Finisterre, on the NW coast of Spain, including the positions:
TSS and Inshore Traffic Zones. The reporting system covers a. 36°19.4'N, 6°24.3'W.
the area between the coast and the following lines: b. 36°19.9'N, 6°21.9'W.
1. A bearing of 130° to Cabo Villano Light. c. 36°18.3'N, 6°21.4'W.
2. A bearing of 075° to Cabo Finisterre Light. d. 36°18.1'N, 6°23.8'W.
3. The meridian of longitude 10°15'W. This area is inactive.
Further information can be found in Pub. 143, Sailing Direc- Area C136—Circular area with a radius of 3 miles centered
tions (Enroute) West Coast of Europe and Northwest Africa on position 28°09'N, 15°10'W.
(paragraph 5.2).
Diving Exercises
GIBREP Diving exercises are held in the following areas:
GIBREP, a mandatory Vessel Traffic Service, is in operation 1. Area E-51—Circular area with a radius of 0.6 mile
in the Strait of Gibraltar, including the TSS and Inshore Traffic centered on 36°36'N, 6°29'W.
Zones. The reporting system covers the area between longi- 2. Area E-52—Circular area with a radius of 1.5 miles
tudes 5°58'W and 5°15'W. Further information can be found in centered on 36°35'N, 6°18'W.
Pub. 131, Sailing Directions (Enroute) Western Mediterranean 3. Area E-53—Circular area with a radius of 1.5 miles
(paragraph 1.1). centered on 36°29'N, 6°20'W.
4. Area E-54—Circular area with a radius of 1.5 miles
CANREP centered on 36°23'N, 6°16'W.
CANREP is a mandatory Vessel Reporting System for ves- 5. Area M-23—An area bounded by the coast and lines
sels of 600 gt and over carrying the following: joining El Farallon, Bajo de Fuera, and Cabo de Palos.
1. Heavy-grade crude oils with a density greater than 900
kg/m3 at 15°C. Submarine Operating Areas
2. Heavy fuel oils with a density greater than 900 kg/m3
at 15°C or a kinematic viscosity greater than 180mm2/s at Submarine operating areas are described below. Some of
50°C. these areas are shown on the charts. Spanish submarines may
Pub. 140
668 Spain
be found conducting exercises off the E coast of Spain between iii. 36°43.3'N, 0°52.0'W.
Cabo de San Sebastian and Cabo de Gata, in an area located
between the coast and a line connecting the following points: Visual Signals
a. 41°54'N. 3°14'E. Spanish naval vessels hoist the International Code group
b. 41°50'N, 3°20'E. “NE 2” to indicate the proximity of submarines which may be
c. 38°44'N, 0°22'E. submerged. Vessels in such cases ought to steer so as to give a
d. 36°56'N, 0°34'W. wide berth to the vessels flying this signal.
e. 36°43'N, 0°52'W. If for whatever cause it were necessary to approach them,
f. 36°43'N, 2°11'W. they ought to approach at slow speed maintaining at all times a
Submarines frequently exercise in an area bounded, as fol- good watch for submarines whose presence might only be indi-
lows: cated by the periscopes or bubbles emerging from the water.
1. North limit—Spanish territorial waters.
2. East limit—longitude 6°40.0'W. Radio Signals
3. South limit—latitude 36°00.0'N. In certain circumstances notices that maneuvers are being
4. West limit—longitude 8°35.0'W. carried out in specified zones are given 48 hours prior to com-
Submarines exercise areas, in which submarines frequently mencement of the exercises.
exercise, have been established 35 miles NNW of Cabo Prior
(43°34'N., 8°18'W.) and 30 miles NNW of Cabo Villano Navigation Lights
(43°09'N., 9°13'W.). It is possible to meet very frequently at night submarines on
the surface in the vicinity of Cartagena and in the area between
Submarine and anti-submarine exercises Cabo de Gata and Cabo de la Nao.
Submarine and anti-submarine exercises are conducted in The lights on submarines can be confusing since these lights
the vicinity of Cantabrico in an area bounded by lines joining are necessarily in a very low position and too close together to
the following positions: be able to calculate the length of the submarine and its true di-
a. 43°35'N, 10°04'W. rection or change of direction, and therefore can easily be con-
b. 43°13'N, 9°37'W. fused with a much smaller vessel of the coastal type or even a
c. 44°23'N, 7°45'W. fishing boat.
d. 44°47'N, 8°12'W. Spanish submarines operating on the surface display an all
Submarine and anti-submarine exercises are conducted in round flashing amber light showing 120 to 180 flashes per
the vicinity of Ferrol and Coruna off the NW coast in an area, minute.
designated Finisterre, bounded by lines joining the following
positions: Sunken Submarines
a. 44°23.5'N, 8°23.5'W. Sunken submarines, unable to surface, will attempt to indi-
b. 43°57.0'N, 8°00.0'W. cate their position by means of a indicator buoy.
c. 43°22.0'N, 9°18.0'W. Spanish submarines are provided with two indicator buoys,
d. 43°48.5'N, 9°41.5'W. one at each end of the vessel, which can be released from in-
Submarine and anti-submarine exercises are conducted in side the boat in case of necessity, or when, for whatever reason,
the vicinity of the Strait of Gibraltar, as follows: the submarine may be viewed as incapable of surfacing.
1. Area SA—An area bounded, as follows: The buoys are secured to the submarine by a cable not longer
a. North limit—Spanish territorial waters. than 125m. When finding an indicator buoy in waters deeper
b. East limit—Spanish territorial waters. than 150m, it can be assumed that it is adrift, and it also should
c. South limit—latitude 36°34.0'N. be reported as soon as possible.
d. West limit—longitude 7°17.0'W. The indicator buoys are metallic, one at the bow (painted red
2. Area SB—An area bounded, as follows: and yellow) and the other at the stern (painted yellow). The
a. North limit—latitude 36°34.0'N. bow buoy exhibits a white light and has a telephone which can
b. East limit—Spanish territorial waters. be operated from inside the submarine. Each buoy is fitted with
c. South limit—latitude 36°22.0'N. a metal plate displaying the following information:
d. West limit—longitude 7°17.0'W.
3. Area SC—An area bounded by lines joining the fol- SUBMARINO (...) Submarine (name)
lowing positions:
a. 36°22.0'N, 7°17.0'W. AVISEN A LAS Inform the authorities
b. 36°22.0'N, 6°28.3'W. AUTORIDADED
c. 36°00.0'N, 7°17.0'W. CIUDADO Take care
d. 36°01.1'N, 6°08.0'W.
4. Off Cartagena—An area bounded, as follows: NO SE TIRE DE LA BOYA, Do not pull on the buoy,
a. North limit—latitude 38°44.0'N. QUITESE LA TAPA Y remove the cover and
b. West limit—Spanish territorial waters. SIGANSE LAS follow the instructions
c. South limit—latitude 36°43.3'N. INSTRUCTIONNES inside
d. East limit—A line joining the following positions: INTERIORES
i. 38°44.0'N, 0°30.0'E.
ii. 36°56.0'N, 0°34.0'W. Submerged submarines which cannot release the indicator
Pub. 140
Spain 669
buoys can signal by letting fuel oil or lubricant escape or by re- quickly and with effectiveness, can render an important service
leasing air. and play a decisive role in the rescue. It will try according to
In all submarine accidents time is a decisive factor in regard the instructions written on the buoy to establish communica-
to the chances of saving the survivors, therefore the finding of tion with the submarine.
an indicator buoy ought to be taken as a warning of having dis-
covered a real accident and of not letting any time be lost in Time Zone
taking appropriate measures. When a buoy of this kind is
found, the first step to take is to report the discovery by the The Time Zone description for Spain, the Islas Baleares, and
most rapid means available. If possible the name of the subma- Spanish possessions in North Africa (Al Hoceima, Ceuta, Islas
rine should be listed in the reports that are sent. Chafarinas, Melilla, Penon de Velez, and Isla de Alboran) is
In order that those in the submarine may be informed that as- ALFA (-1). Daylight Savings Time (BRAVO (-2)) is observed
sistance is on the way, naval vessels will drop small charges from the last Sunday in March until the last Sunday in October.
that can be heard from the inside. The use of small charges in The Time Zone description for the Islas Canarias is ZULU.
these cases is perfectly acceptable, but it is absolutely essential Daylight Savings Time (ALFA (-1)) is observed from the last
that they not be dropped too close, since those that are just Sunday in March until the last Sunday in October.
emerging could easily suffer fatal wounds because of extreme
sensitivity to the submarine explosions. A distance of 0.25 mile
is considered adequate. If not equipped with small charges, an
acoustic sounder can be turned on or the hull of the vessel may Traffic Separation Schemes (TSS) in Spain are, as follows:
be struck with an iron maul beneath the water line. These sig- 1. Atlantic Ocean
nals can normally be heard from inside a submarine and should a. Off Cabo Finisterre. (IMO adopted)
be made at frequent intervals. b. Rio de Pontavedra. (Government of Spain)
It is possible that a buoy has accidentally become unfastened c. Approaches to Puerto Vigo. (Government of Spain)
without the submarine having actually sunk. In any case it is d. Banco del Hoyo. (IMO adopted)
very important to determine conclusively if the telephone buoy 2. Mediterranean Sea
is actually adrift or not. If something else cannot be done, it is a. In the Strait of Gibraltar. (IMO adopted)
permitted to lower a boat to verify the weight of the cable by b. Off Cabo de Gata. (IMO adopted)
hand. Extreme caution is recommended since it is absolutely c. Off Cabo de Palos. (IMO adopted)
essential that the cable not be broken. d. Off Cabo de la Nao. (IMO adopted)
In no case should the boat be secured to the buoy nor should e. Approaches to Castellon. (Government of Spain)
it circle the cable, once it has been proved that the buoy is at- f. Approaches to Barcelona. (Government of Spain)
tached to the disabled submarine. 3. Islas Canarias
If it is found to be adrift, it shall not be considered as an indi- a. Between Gran Canary and Fuertaventura. (IMO ad-
cation that all is in order and that nothing has occurred, since opted)
the cable could have been broken and floating adrift after delib- b. Between Gran Canary and Tenerife. (IMO adopted)
erate release from a submarine as a result of an accident.
All ships finding themselves in the presence of a telephone
buoy of a submarine not adrift, will therefore remain and pre-
pare to pick up survivors. These will emerge almost vertically
U.S. Embassy
so that it is very important to leave them sufficient free space to The U.S. Embassy is situated at Serrano 75, 28006 Madrid.
be able to do it without obstacles. The mailing address is PSC 61, APO AE (09642).
The survivors of a submarine accident may attempt their own
rescue at any time after the accident. The internal conditions
can worsen rapidly and such attempts will be delayed for only U. S. Embassy Spain Home Page
the time required to enable rescue boats to arrive at the disaster http://madrid.usembassy.gov
zone.
On their arrival at the surface the survivors may be exhausted Vessel Traffic Service
or sick, so it is very helpful, if circumstances permit to have al-
ready lowered a boat to prepare to pick them up. Some will Vessel Traffic Services are in operation, as follows:
need to be taken to a decompression chamber and naval author- 1. Finisterre 1 (42°54'N., 9°17'W.).
ities will make efforts to transport with maximum urgency 2. Vigo 1 (42°14'N., 8°44'W.).
equipment of this type to the site of the disaster. Those still in 3. Cadiz 1 (36°33'N., 6°17'W.).
the submarine should be informed that assistance is on the way. 4. Cabo de Gata 2 (36°43'N., 2°12'W.).
The Spanish navy has a service in Cartagena for search and 5. Strait of Gibraltar 2 (35°54'N., 5°36'W.).
1
rescue operations. It is always available to render assistance. It For further information, see Pub. 143, Sailing Directions
is understood, nevertheless, that any vessel which at a deter- (Enroute) West Coast of Europe and Northwest Africa.
2
mined moment may have evidence of a submarine disaster and For further information, see Pub. 131 (Sailing Directions
goes into action in the sense of the given instructions, working (Enroute) Western Mediterranean.
Pub. 140
671
SWEDEN
General 671 Routes 686

Buoyage System 672 Search and Rescue 686
Cautions 672 Ship Reporting System 686
Currency 673 Signals 687
Firing Areas 673 Submarine Operating Areas 688
Fishing Areas 675 Time Zone 688
Government 676 Traffic Separation Schemes 688
Holidays 676 U.S. Embassy 688
Ice 676 Vessel Traffic Service 688
Industries 679 Appendix—Table of Equivalences Between Ice Class
Languages 680 Notations 691
Meteorology 680
Mined Areas 680 General
Pilotage 682 Sweden is located in northern Europe bordering the Baltic
Pollution 683 Sea, the Gulf of Bothnia, and Skagerrak, between Finland and
Regulations 683 Norway.
Restricted Areas 686 The climate is temperate in the S, with cold cloudy winters
Pub. 140
672 Sweden
and cool partly cloudy summers. speed of 35 knots and operate in accordance with the Interna-
The terrain is mostly flat or gently rolling lowlands, and tional Rules of the Road. When airborne they carry a rotating
mountainous in the W. yellow warning light. The vehicle makes difficult leeway with
the wind abeam. Signals made on a ship’s bell are difficult to
Areas to be Avoided hear aboard the air cushion vehicle.
All vessels of 500 gross tons and over should avoid the fol- Chemical Munitions
lowing IMO Areas to be Avoided: Chemical munitions, including mustard gas, are known to
1. Hoburgs Bank—An area bounded by lines joining the have been dumped in the following locations:
following positions: a. 15 miles E of Christiano (55°20'N., 15°11'E.).
a. 56°49'31.2''N, 18°38'46.2''E. b. 52 miles SSE of Hoburg (56°55'N., 18°09'E.).
b. 56°40'13.8''N, 18°45'04.8''E. It must be assumed that these munitions were spread over a
c. 56°24'03.6''N, 18°36'12.0''E. larger area than charted during dumping operations and it is
d. 56°22'46.2''N, 18°08'25.8''E. known that some were dumped during the transit from Peene-
e. 56°39'57.6''N, 18°06'12.0''E. munde to the dumping areas. It is also likely that these muni-
2. Norra Midsjobanken—An area bounded by lines tions have moved outside the charted areas due to activity on
joining the following positions: the sea bed.
a. 56°07'52.2''N, 17°38'24.6''E.
b. 56°02'10.2''N, 17°13'10.2''E. Floating Hazards
c. 56°10'06.0''N, 17°13'40.8''E. In the coastal waters and archipelagic waters of Sweden, nu-
d. 56°15'01.2''N, 17°25'36.6''E. merous drifting logs may be encountered throughout the year,
especially after storms and spring freshets. These may consti-
Buoyage System tute a serious hazard to small and medium-sized vessels.
IALA Buoyage System (Region A) is in effect. See Chart Unexploded Ordnance

No. 1 for further IALA Buoyage System information. Unexploded ordnance, which may cause a dangerous explo-
In winter, floating aids to navigation could be damaged, sion if disturbed, lies on the sea bed and could present a hazard
drift, or be lost. Weather conditions may also necessitate their to vessels anchoring, fishing, or engaging in submarine or sea-
withdrawal from station. At the beginning of winter many bed operations, as follows:
lightships and lighted buoys are replaced by small buoys more 1. East coast—
capable of resisting damage or loss. a. 59°00.1'N, 18°11.7'E.
Topmarks and radar reflectors on remaining buoys are re- b. 58°59.8'N, 18°11.7'E.
moved. Red reflectors may bleach causing a yellow reflection; c. 58°57.3'N, 18°27.0'E.
care should be exercised not to confuse these with white reflec- d. 58°50.8'N, 17°57.5'E.
tors. e. 58°49.8'N, 18°20.0'E.
Buoys fitted with racons are generally replaced by lighted f. 58°49.7'N, 18°14.7'E.
buoys when icing is expected to prevent damage to the sensi- g. 58°45.5'N, 18°26.2'E.
tive and expensive electronic equipment. h. 58°35.0'N, 18°45.2'E.
Notice boards, known as sea route marks, are used in Swed- i. 58°30.5'N, 17°34.8'E.
ish waters. They indicate a caution, prohibition, ordinance, or j. 58°28.0'N, 17°23.0'E.
advice to the mariner and are marked, as follows: k. 57°51.4'N, 17°15.9'E.
1. Caution and speed restriction marks—White back- l. 57°46.1'N, 17°11.7'E.
ground, red border, and black symbols. m. 57°49.4'N, 19°09.0'E.
2. Prohibition marks—White background, red border, 2. South coast—
and black symbols with a diagonal red stripe. a. 56°00.6'N, 16°07.5'E.
3. Advice marks—Blue with white symbols. b. 55°53.2'N, 16°30.9'E.
Submarine cables are normally marked by beacons or notice c. 55°52.9'N, 16°30.8'E.
boards. If buoys are used, they are painted red and white, with d. 55°52.3'N, 16°28.6'E.
the word ”Kabel” in black letters in two places. e. 55°52.1'N, 16°31.9'E.
The front beacon has a circular topmark while the rear bea- f. 55°52.0'N, 16°30.5'E.
con has a circle above a diamond. When the beacons are in g. 56°00.7'N, 15°25.3'E.
line, the marks appear as a white diamond between two red cir- h. 56°00.2'N, 15°19.2'E.
cles. When the beacons are lighted, a red light is shown from i. 55°58.2'N, 15°10.0'E.
the circular marks while a white light is shown from the dia- j. 55°52.4'N, 15°09.4'E.
mond mark. k. 55°52.1'N, 15°03.8'E.
l. 56°05.6'N, 15°03.0'E.
Cautions m. 56°01.1'N, 15°02.6'E.
n. 56°01.3'N, 14°56.0'E.
Air Cushion Vehicles 3. West coast—
Air Cushion Vehicles operate between Malmo and Koben- a. 57°33.4'N, 11°21.5'E.
havn, on the same route as hydrofoils. They have a maximum b. 58°14.6'N, 11°16.7'E.
Pub. 140
Sweden 673
c. 58°31.4'N, 11°06.9'E. overhead power cables, or other overhead obstructions is the

d. 58°49.2'N, 11°00.2'E. vertical distance between MHW and the lowest part of the
e. 58°24.4'N, 10°30.1'E. bridge or obstruction within the navigable waterway reduced
f. 58°27.9'N, 10°32.8'E. by a safety margin. The safety margin for bridges is between
g. 58°28.3'N, 10°48.8'E. 0.5m and 2.0m, depending on the expected swell in the area.
The safety margin for overhead power cables is between 1.5m
Post Glacial Land Rise and 2.75m, depending on the voltage. The safe vertical clear-
Major parts of the coasts of Sweden are affected by post-gla- ance is displayed on signs at the obstruction.
cial land rise. This effect is most evident in the northern waters
of Sweden (Gulf of Bothnia, Sea of Aland, and the Archipela- Recommended Tracks/Authorized Drafts
go Sea), where the maximum rise may be as much as 1cm per Along the Swedish coast and in the approaches to ports, rec-
year. Caution should be used when using hard copy charts and ommended tracks have been established. These may be marked
ENCs produced by Swedish authorities. Actual depths may be with an authorized draft, which corresponds to the greatest
as much as 0.5m less than the values shown on Swedish ENCs draft a vessel can have in the channel at MSL with pilotage as-
and hard copy charts. sistance. This information is for guidance only and does not
guarantee a vessel with a draft close to that value can safely
Local Magnetic Anomalies proceed in the channel under all circumstances.
Local magnetic anomalies off the W coast of Sweden are lo-
cated, as follows: Currency
1. In a cable area marked by buoys SW of Smygehamn
(55°20'N., 13°21'E.). The official unit of currency is the krona, consisting of 100
2. In the approaches to Ronnebyhamn, about 8 miles SE ore.
of Gasafeten (56°07'N., 15°13'E.).
3. In the approaches to Ronnebyhamn, about 8 miles SE Firing Areas
of Gasafeten (56°07’N., 15°13’E.).
4. In the area of the submarine power cables connecting General
the Swedish mainland and the island of Gotland about 4 It should be noted that Sweden is in the process (2011) of re-
miles ESE og Kungsgrundet Light (57°41.1’N., 16°54.2’E.). classifying certain Firing Areas as Administrative Areas.
5. Deflections of up to 6° in an area about 17 miles E of
Norra Fallbadan Light (58°26.5’N., 17°06.2’E.). West Coast
6. In Slatsbaken (58°27.5’N., 16°31.7’E.). Area R41A (Ringenas)—An area bounded by the coast and
7. In the vicinity of Gupafjarden, about 1 mile W of lines joining the following approximate positions:
Tratbadan (58°46.1’N., 17°33.7’E.). a. 56°42.0'N, 12°41.1'E.
8. In the vicinity of Yttre Hallsfjarden, close N of Perso b. 56°42.0'N, 12°40.8'E.
(58°47.5’N., 17°36.2’E.). c. 56°46.0'N, 12°33.8'E.
9. Deflections of from 5° to 60° from normal have been d. 56°43.0'N, 12°29.8'E.
reported 3.75 to 6.75 miles ENE through SSE from Havringe e. 56°40.0'N, 12°29.8'E.
Beacon (58°36.2’N., 17°18.8’E.). f. 56°36.0'N, 12°33.2'E.
10. In Braviken (58°37.1’N., 16°41.3’E.). g. 56°34.0'N, 12°42.3'E.
11. Deflections of up to 10° from normal have been re- h. 56°40.3'N, 12°42.3'E.
ported SW of Stora Rotholmen (59°04.4'N., 18°19.3’E.). i. 56°40.6'N, 12°42.8'E.
Vessels should note that magnetic compasses may be affect- Range information can be obtained by telephone (46-31-
ed when transiting in the area of the main power cables be- 692838).
tween Denmark and Sweden.
Magnetic deviations of up to 70° have been experienced in Baltic Sea—Northern Part
the vicinity of a power cable extending S from a position about Area R66—An area bounded by lines joining the following
4 miles W of Trelleborg, Sweden through Kadetrenden and on- positions:
wards to Travemunde, Germany. a. 58°52.0'N, 17°52.2'E.
Local magnetic anomalies off the E coast of Sweden are lo- b. 58°55.0'N, 17°41.0'E.
cated, as follows: c. 58°51.9'N, 17°34.4'E.
1. Severe magnetic disturbances may be experienced in d. 58°47.4'N, 17°33.7'E.
the approaches to Norrsundet (60°56'N., 17°09'E.). e. 58°44.0'N, 17°35.7'E.
2. Between Skasudde (63°11.3'N., 19°01.0'E.) and Sjal- f. 58°37.6'N, 17°52.9'E.
noudden, 10 miles NE. Area R71—An area bounded by lines joining the following
3. Near Bonded (63°26.0'N., 20°02.3'E.). positions:
4. Off Bjuroklubb (64°28.9'N., 21°34.8'E.) a. 58°52.0'N, 17°52.2'E.
5. In the approach to Pitea (65°19.4'N., 21°24.6'E.). b. 58°37.6'N, 17°52.9'E.
6. In the S approaches to Lulea (65°35.0'N., 22°08.5'E.). c. 58°18.2'N, 18°05.8'E.
d. 58°49.0'N, 18°50.0'E.
Vertical Clearances e. 58°56.0'N, 19°00.0'E
In Swedish waters the safe vertical clearance under bridges, f. 59°00.9'N, 18°29.3'E.
Pub. 140
674 Sweden
g. 58°52.4'N, 17°57.8'E. ing the following positions:
Area D175S—An area bounded by lines joining the follow- a. 56°03.9'N, 15°24.0'E.
a. 58°29.7'N, 17°58.2'E. c. 56°00.0'N, 15°39.9'E.
b. 58°18.2'N, 18°05.8'E. d. 55°54.0'N, 15°39.9'E.
c. 58°33.0'N, 18°50.0'E. e. 55°54.6'N, 15°33.5'E.
d. 58°40.4'N, 18°30.2'E. f. 55°58.0'N, 15°27.8'E.
e. 58°32.7'N, 18°12.0'E. Area R63C (Sturko Nytt)—An area bounded by lines join-
Area D175E—An area bounded by lines joining the following the following positions:
ing positions: a. 56°07.0'N, 15°28.7'E.
a. 58°40.4'N, 18°30.2'E. b. 56°11.8'N, 15°30.4'E.
b. 58°33.0'N, 18°50.0'E. c. 56°10.0'N, 15°48.8'E.
c. 58°45.0'N, 19°20.0'E. d. 56°03.7'N, 15°47.3'E.
d. 58°55.6'N, 19°02.0'E. e. 56°07.0'N, 15°37.6'E.
e. 58°48.2'N, 18°50.0'E. Area D164 (Hano Nord)—An area bounded by lines join-
Uto Restricted Area—An area bounded by lines joining the ing the following positions:
following positions: a. 55°58.2'N, 14°49.0'E.
a. 58°57.0'N, 18°15.7'E. b. 56°06.6'N, 14°58.2'E.
b. 58°44.6'N, 18°09.1'E, then the minor arc of a circle 13 c. 56°07.0'N, 15°05.2'E.
miles in radius centered on position 58°57.0'N, 18°15.7'E to d. 56°03.9'N, 15°24.0'E.
c. 58°55.2'N, 18°40.6'E. e. 55°58.7'N, 15°27.8'E.
The Uto Restricted Areas may be temporarily closed to ship- f. 55°54.7'N, 15°33.8'E.
ping. Area D165 (Hano Vast)—An area bounded by lines joining
Note.—Warnings are not announced daily to merchant ves- the following positions:
sels. Special firing practices will be announced in Sweden No- a. 55°40.0'N, 14°39.9'E.
tice to Mariners and/or on Swedish National Radio, with b. 55°50.0'N, 14°39.9'E.
requests to avoid the area of interest. c. 55°58.2'N, 14°49.0'E.
Information about current and upcoming firing practices can d. 55°56.4'N, 15°09.7'E.
be obtained on a Swedish-language telephone answering ser- e. 55°40.0'N, 15°09.7'E.
vice (46-85015-7550). Area D166 (Hano Ost)—An area bounded by lines joining
Further information can be obtained from Naval Control the following positions:
Musko, as follows: a. 55°40.0'N, 15°09.7'E.
1. Call sign: Naval Control Musko b. 55°56.4'N, 15°09.7'E.
2. VHF: VHF channel 16 c. 55°54.0'N, 15°39.9'E.
3. Telephone: 46-10823-1823 d. 55°40.0'N, 15°39.9'E.
4. E-mail: [email protected] Area R38A (Rinkaby)—An area bounded by the coast and
Baltic Sea—Southern Part a. 55°59.4'N, 14°23.0'E. (coast)
Area R64S (Torhamn Storre)—An area bounded by lines b. 55°58.0'N, 14°29.0'E.
joining the following positions: c. 55°53.6'N, 14°22.0'E.
a. 56°14.9'N, 16°02.8'E. d. 55°56.4'N, 14°19.5'E. (coast)
b. 56°10.0'N, 16°24.8'E. Area R34 (Ravlunda)—An area bounded by the coast and
c. 56°05.0'N, 16°24.8'E. lines joining the following positions:
d. 55°50.0'N, 15°47.3'E. a. 55°45.8'N, 14°12.0'E. (coast)
e. 56°03.7'N, 15°47.3'E. b. 55°53.8'N, 14°19.9'E.
Area R64M (Torhamn Mindre)—An area bounded by c. 55°53.0'N, 14°22.5'E.
lines joining the following positions: d. 55°56.6'N, 14°25.3'E.
a. 56°03.7'N, 15°49.6'E. e. 55°47.3'N, 14°32.5'E.
b. 56°08.1'N, 16°16.8'E. f. 55°42.6'N, 14°32.5'E.
c. 55°56.0'N, 16°07.0'E. g. 55°35.3'N, 14°27.2'E.
Area R63A (Sturko Nord)—An area bounded by lines join- h. 55°43.1'N, 14°19.5'E. (coast)
ing the following positions: Note.—Warnings are not announced daily to merchant ves-
a. 56°03.9'N, 15°24.0'E. sels. Gunnery exercises are announced daily on a Swedish-lan-
b. 56°07.0'N, 15°28.7'E. guage telephone answering service (46-455-10000).
c. 56°07.0'N, 15°37.6'E. Further information can be obtained from Naval Control
d. 56°03.7'N, 15°47.3'E. Goteborg, as follows:
e. 55°56.8'N, 15°47.3'E. 1. Call sign: Naval Control Goteborg
f. 55°54.0'N, 15°39.9'E. 2. VHF: VHF channel 16
g. 56°00.0'N, 15°39.9'E. 3. Telephone: 46-31692-838 (control room)
h. 56°02.5'N, 15°36.0'E. 46-10829-2838 (switchboard)
Area R63B (Sturko Syd)—An area bounded by lines join- 4. E-mail: [email protected]
Pub. 140
Sweden 675
Gulf of Bothnia buoys displaying flags but the marks may carry no lights. The
Lulea Archipelago.—Junkon.—Limits of a gunnery range salmon season lasts from September to June; the herring sea-
are bounded by lines joining the following positions: son occurs in the early spring and from June to November; and
a. 65°27'48.0''N, 22°20'27.0''E. the season for mackerel fishing lasts from the beginning of
b. 65°25'15.0''N, 22°25'15.0''E. May to the end of June.
c. 65°23'42.0''N, 22°17'57.0''E. Drift nets for fishing for herring may be encountered in The
d. 65°27'15.6''N, 22°15'57.6''E. Sound and around the S coast of Sweden E of Trelleborg
e. 65°27'52.2''N, 22°20'27.0''E. (55°22'N., 13°09'E.).
Byske.—Gunnery exercises are frequently carried out in an Herring drift-net fishing is carried out along the whole of the
area E of Byske (64°57'N., 21°14'E.). E coast and continues for as long as the water is clear of ice.
Lovsta Bukten.—A firing practice area extends 1.5 miles N However, in certain areas within the archipelagos, the nets are
from the coast at Norrskaten (60°35.7'N., 17°56.3'E.). A red also laid beneath the ice.
flag is shown at Norrskaten and at the fishing harbor at Fa- Salmon fishing using drift nets is carried out from 16 Sep-
gelsundet (60°36.1'N., 17°54.0'E.) beginning 1 hour prior to tember to 14 June within 10 miles of the coast of Gotland.
commencement of firing; the flags remain flying during the ex- Fishing is carried out from just before sunset to just after sun-
ercise. rise.
A firing practice area extends 15 miles seaward from the Intensive salmon fishing takes place off the E coast of Oland
coast between Skarpudden (62°28.9'N., 17°49.1'E.) and Storon from September to May.
(62°463'N., 18°12.8'E.). In the Baltic Sea, Swedish boats may fish for salmon using
Degerfjarden Firing Area.—Live firing practice takes nets composed of up to 20 sections, with each section about 0.6
place on the E coast of Degerfjarden from position 63°26.7'N, mile in length, giving a total net length of up to 12 miles. Each
19°16.0'E. The direction of firing is between ESE and SSE, section is marked by radar reflector and a lighted buoy; vessels
with a danger area extending 5 miles seaward. Flags are dis- should leave at least 0.6 mile clearance from the nearest radar
played when firing is in progress. echo.
Trawling.—Trawling takes place year round in depths of
Warning Signals from 25 to 350m. The trawl, which may either be dragged
When gunnery and underwater clearance exercises are being along the bottom or set to run at a pre-determined depth, may
conducted in Swedish territorial waters, the following signals be towed either by a single vessel using otter-boards or be-
are shown: tween two vessels using kites.
1. By day.—Red flag, green flare (when needed), and re- Longline fishing.—Longline fishing for cod, haddock, and
peated short blasts from the ship’s whistle. eels is now mainly limited to the coastal area, where the lines
2. At night.—All-around red light, green flare (when are laid on the bottom during the winter half of the year. Whiff-
needed), and repeated short blasts from the ship’s whistle. ing or spinning for mackerel is carried out from July to Sep-
Helicopters will drop an orange-colored smoke flare day or tember; the boats tow a number of lines from outriggers.
night. Beach seine netting.—Beach seine netting is carried out
sporadically along the Swedish coast for herring and bait fish.
It involves the nets being laid some distance from the shore and
Fishing Areas then hauled towards it. This form of fishing is also carried out
below the ice, for which purpose holes are cut in the ice in se-
General ries extending up to 1,000m from the shore.
Eel fishing.—Eel fishing, using fixed and floating gear, oc- Fish traps.—Fish traps for catching salmon and herring may
curs along the coast of Sweden. The gear is set at right angles be found along the coast of Sweden. They are usually in shal-
to the shore and can extend several miles seaward. Although low waters but can extend outside the 3m depth contour and be
eel fishing is prohibited along range lines and within the white more than 100m offshore.
sectors of entrance sector lights, fishing activity is frequently For further information, see Baltic Sea—Fishing Areas.
found very close to them.
Drift net fishing.—This type of fishing is used for catching Fish Farms
salmon, herring, and mackerel. The drift nets may be up to 2 Fish farms, areas in shallow water where fish are artificially
miles in length and be laid in a straight line or on the perimeter bred, are found off the coasts of Sweden; they may be on the
of a circle, with their effective depth, usually between 6 and surface or submerged. They are not necessarily confined to in-
8m, being regulated by float lines. shore locations and may be moved on occasions. They are usu-
The nets are usually marked by radar reflectors, lights, and ally marked by buoys or beacons which, if lighted, exhibit
buoys displaying flags. In shallow water, nets are marked by yellow lights.
Pub. 140
676 Sweden
Government Ice
The government of Sweden operates a fleet of state-owned
icebreakers managed by the Swedish Maritime Administration
(SMA). The icebreakers, which are manned by the Swedish
Naval Forces, break ice between open water, and waters pro-
tected from sea ice, pack ice, and similar ice obstacles. Heli-
copters are based aboard some of these vessels and are utilized
for air reconnaissance purposes and directing.
Municipal or private vessels may be contracted to assist
state-owned icebreakers, when necessary.
The ice breaking service is administrated by the Director of
the SMA, Ship Management and Icebreaking, assisted by local
offices and, when necessary, through the regional offices in
Flag of Sweden Malmo, Gothenburg, and Trollhatten.
The Swedish Maritime Administration Icebreaking Service
Sweden is a constitutional monarchy. The country is divided can be contacted, as follows:
into 21 counties. 1. Telephone: 46-77-1630000 (Switchboard)
King Carl XVI Gustav is the head of state. The Prime Minis- Available 0800 to 1640
ter is elected by the Parliament. The unicameral Parliament 46-77-1632525 (Operations Center)
consists of 349 members, directly-elected according to a sys- Available 24 hours during
tem of proportional representation, serving 4-year terms. the icebreaking season
The legal system is based on civil law influenced by custom- 2. Facsimile: 46-11-103100
ary law. 3. E-mail: [email protected]
The capital is Stockholm. 4. Web site: http://www.sjofartsverket.se/winter-
navigation
Holidays The Swedish Maritime Administration Icebreaking Service
provides the following information at the SMA home page
The following holidays are observed: (click on Our Activities—Winter Navigation):
1. A brief account of the daily ice situation.
January 1 New Year’s Day 2. The operating areas of the icebreakers.
3. Instructions for shipping.
January 5 Eve of Epiphany 4. An updated ice chart.
January 6 Epiphany In accordance with the Ice Breaking Ordinance, ships suit-
able for winter navigation can receive ice breaking assistance
Holy Thursday Variable through the Government Ice Breaking Service in Swedish
Good Friday Variable coastal waters and in sea routes to these waters between the
open sea and waters which are protected from sea ice, drift ice,
Easter Sunday Variable pack ice, or similar obstacles. Severe ice can, to a certain extent
Easter Monday Variable determined by the Administration, be broken with the aid of
the government service in Lake Vanern, Lake Malaren, and the
April 30 Valborg’s Eve Angermanalven River.
May 1 Labor Day No charge is made for towing or other icebreaker assistance
provided by state icebreakers in conjunction with the breaking
of sea ice.
Whitsunday Variable The SMA does not accept any responsibility for delay, dam-
Whitmonday Variable age, or other loss caused to a ship, its crew, passengers, or car-
go as a result of ice conditions. Every ship is responsible for its
June 6 National Day own safety.
Friday after June 19 Midsummer Eve Assistance and advice is given to ships at their own risk.
For a vessel to obtain state icebreaker assistance it must, as a
Saturday after June 19 Midsummer Day minimum, have the Finnish-Swedish ice class (or equivalent)
Friday after October 30 All Saints’ Eve and the minimum dwt that are applicable to a specific ice re-
gion in accordance with ice restrictions imposed by the SMA.
Saturday after October 30 All Saints’ Day The SMA may refuse to give state ice breaker assistance to a
December 24 Christmas Eve ship if it is known that the arrangements of the ship are not
functional before the assistance, or if the ship, with regard to
December 25 Christmas Day hull, engine power, equipment, or crew is in such condition that
December 26 Second Day of Christmas operation in ice can be presumed to endanger the safety of the
ship, or if there is good reason to suspect that the ship is less
suitable for operation in ice than what is generally expected for
Pub. 140
Sweden 677
ships belonging to the same ice class. Swedish Meteorological and Hydrological Institute Ice Service
The Executive Boards of the Finnish Icebreaking Service in Norkoppong, as follows:
and the Swedish Icebreaking Service have jointly decided that 1. Telephone: 46-11-4958500
tugs with barges connected with cables or hawsers) and so- 46-11-4958000 (switchboard)
called river vessels are not suitable for winter navigation and (Monday-Friday 0800-1630)
cannot count on state icebreaker assistance, even if they have 2. Facsimile: 46-11-4958053
the relevant ice class granted by their classification society. 3. E-mail: [email protected]
The following are the minimum requirements to be complied 4. Web sites: http://www.smhi.se
with if a ship is to be considered suitable for winter navigation: http://www.smhi.se/icereport
1. The ship shall be classified as being of the highest ice http://www.smhi.se/iceservice
class by a Classification Society approved by the state in http://www.smhi.se/icechart
question or shall otherwise have shown itself to be of a cor- Custom wind, wave, water level, or ice forecasts can be or-
responding construction and strength at an inspection of sea- dered, for a fee, from SMHI Weatherrouting, as follows:
worthiness. 1. Telephone: 011-495-8400 (7 days during office
2. The ship shall be equipped with propulsion machinery hours)
powerful enough for the ship to make its way through light 2. Facsimile: 011-495-8403
ice or through broken channels within the archipelago with- 3. E-mail: [email protected]
out icebreaker assistance. Daily updates on ice conditions and restrictions in Skager-
3. The ship shall be of at least 500 dwt. rak, Kattegat, the Baltic Sea proper, the Gulf of Bothnia, the
4. The stability of the ship shall be such that even when Gulf of Finland, the Gulf of Riga, and Lake Vanern are issued
carrying deck cargo a certain amount of icing can occur daily, as follows:
without risk for capsizing. 1. Ice charts: 1000 (UTC)
The Executive Board of the Ice Breaking Service of the 2. Ice reports: 1000 (UTC)
SMA issues directions and restrictions for sea traffic based on 3. Ice restrictions: 1000 (UTC)
current and expected ice and weather conditions and on the ice 4. Fairway codes: 1200 (UTC)
breaking resources available. The restrictions issued include For information on obtaining general ice information for the
requirements concerning minimum tonnage, engine power, and Baltic Sea, see Baltic Sea—Ice.
ice strengthening (ice class) for those ships which can expect For information on the onset and clearance of ice in ports on
ice breaking assistance. the W coast of Finland, as well as in the Gulf of Finland and
The SMA will announce the tightening of restrictions 6 days the Gulf of Bothnia, see Baltic Sea—Ice.
(including Saturdays and holidays) in advance, if possible, be- The Director will decide whether, having due regard for the
fore they enter into force. When restrictions are eased or lifted traffic directions issued, the ship in question can count on as-
by the SMA, these decisions come into force on the same day sistance from an icebreaker and if the ship shall utilize the ser-
as announced. vices of an ice pilot in conjunction with this. Ships which have
Current ice charts of the Baltic Sea, Kattegat, and Skagerrak not been granted the right to assistance from an icebreaker will
can be obtained from the following web sites: be recommended to refrain from fulfilling the voyage in ques-
tion.
Baltic Icebreaking Unless special reasons indicate otherwise, ships in need of
1. http://www.baltice.org
Management help will be assisted in the following order, no matter what
Swedish Meteorological and their nationality:
2. http://www.smhi.se 1. Ships in distress or in need of help because of danger
Hydrological Institute
to the lives of those on board.
Finnish Meteorological 2. Ships destined for or coming from Denmark, Finland,
3. http://www.fmi.fi
Institute Norway, Sweden, and Germany. In this case preference shall
be given to passenger ships and ships carrying goods of spe-
Ice charts can be transmitted to vessels free of charge by fac- cial importance.
simile or e-mail after making special arrangements with the 3. Other ships.
Sweden—Icebreaker Contact Information

Ice breaker Call sign Telephone E-mail Remarks
Ale SBPQ 46-31-3344952 [email protected]
Atle SBPR 46-31-3344948 [email protected]
Frej SBPT 46-31-3344940 [email protected] State-owned
Oden SMLQ 46-31-3345511 [email protected]
Ymer SDIA 46-31-3344944 [email protected]
Pub. 140
678 Sweden
Sweden—Icebreaker Contact Information

Ice breaker Call sign Telephone E-mail Remarks
Thetis 5BMW4 358-40-5294886 [email protected]
Baltica SJOY 46-10-4785700 [email protected] Time-chartered buoytenders
Scandica SKFZ 46-10-4785771 [email protected]
Finnish-Swedish Ice Class Designations

Ice Class For Navigation In Ice Thickness
IA Super Extremely difficult ice conditions > 100cm
IA Difficult ice conditions 50-100cm
IB Moderately difficult ice conditions 30-50cm
IC Easy ice conditions 15-30cm
II Very easy ice conditions 10-15cm
Sweden—Average Beginning of Traffic Restrictions

Minimum
Bay of Bothnia Sea of Bothnia
Ice Class Size
II 2,000 dwt 1 December 1 January
IC 2,000 dwt 15 December 15 January
IB 2,000 dwt 1 January 1 February
IA 3,000 dwt 15 January 15 February
IA 4,000 dwt 31 January —
IA 3,000 dwt 10 April —
IB 2,000 dwt 10 May 1 April
II 2,000 dwt 15 May 15 April
The Swedish Maritime Administration uses the Finnish- report to an icebreaker in accordance with the instructions giv-
Swedish Ice Class Designations to define ice-strengthening re- en in the daily ice report. In addition, vessels bound for harbors
quirements, as described in the table titled Finnish-Swedish in the Gulf of Bothnia which have traffic restrictions due to ice
Ice Class Designations. are requested to report the following information, in Swedish
Appendix—Equivalences Between Ice Class Notations or English, on VHF channel 78 (call sign: Ice Info), directly by
provides a comparison between the Finnish-Swedish Ice Class telephone (46-31-699100), or by e-mail (ice.info@sjofartsver-
Designations and the class designations used by selected clas- ket) when passing N through the Sea of Aland at latitude
sification societies, including ice-strengthening codes. The 60°00.0'N:
equivalence of a ship’s ice class is subject to approval of the 1. Vessel name and call sign.
Swedish Maritime Administration. 2. Nationality.
Vessels seeking icebreaker assistance must conform to the 3. Destination.
Finnish-Swedish Ice Class Designation (or equivalent), and the 4. Speed.
minimum dwt applicable to the ice region, as specified in the 5. ETA.
restrictions imposed by the SMA. Monitoring also takes place on VHF channel 16. Reporting
Ships seeking assistance will be grouped in convoys when- may be made in Swedish or in English, using the IMO Marine
ever conditions require this. Dispensation from sea traffic re- Standard Phrases.
strictions which have been issued cannot be counted on. The reporting line can be moved further S based on ice con-
Ships which can count on assistance from an icebreaker will ditions.
receive the necessary instructions for the voyage in question. All vessels bound for Finnish and Swedish ports during the
Ship owners and/or agents should inform ICEINFO (tele- winter (1 November to 31 March) with restrictions in the
phone: 46-316-99100) of their schedules and changes in sched- Quark or the Gulf of Bothnia are required to report to Bothnia
ules for their vessels. VTS on VHF channel 67 when 20 miles S of Nordvalen Light
Vessels bound for Swedish ports and requiring icebreaker as- (63°32'09''N., 20°46'36''E.). In addition, arrival and departure
sistance shall, well in advance of entering ice-covered waters, reports are required, as follows:
Pub. 140
Sweden 679
1. Arrival reports should be broadcast on VHF channel be towed.

16 (call sign: Ice Info) or directly by telephone (46-31- d. If any ship should spring a leak or suffer damage
699100) when the vessel is moored, stating the following: that may affect the vessel’s ability to follow the icebreaker
a. Vessel name and call sign. or otherwise comply with the directives given by the ice-
b. ETD. breaker, this shall be immediately communicated to the
c. Next port-of-call. icebreaker.
2. Departure reports should be broadcast on VHF channel e. To be eligible for icebreaker assistance, vessels nav-
16 (call sign: Ice Info) or by telephone (46-31-699100), as igating in ice-covered waters must be equipped with a
follows: powerful searchlight. Ships which form part of a convoy
a. At least 6 hours prior to departure. and which have stuck in the ice shall keep their search-
b. If the ETD changes, the new ETD shall be reported lights extinguished.
as soon as possible. 3. Instructions to the ship being assisted are usually given
c. When the vessel has departed. via VHF on the dedicated assistance channel
The departure report shall contain the following informa- 4. In order to avoid collisions, a vessel in a convoy shall
tion: immediately inform other vessels on the dedicated assistance
a. Vessel name and call sign. channel if it stops or slows down its speed substantially.
b. ETD or actual time of departure, as appropriate. 5. State icebreakers show a blue light visible around the
c. Destination. horizon at their masthead during the hours of darkness.
3. Reporting for both arrival and departure reports may 6. Ships which do not follow the traffic regulations and
be made in Swedish or in English, using the IMO Marine traffic instructions which have been issued or the orders giv-
Standard Phrases. en by the ice breaker can be refused assistance.
Vessels which have made a report and then cancel or delay 7. Finnish icebreakers are provided with two rotating red
their voyage should report this immediately to Ice Info. lights, one placed above the other, which are switched on
In connection with reporting, ships bound for specific har- when the icebreaker makes an unexpected stop or a sharp re-
bors will be ordered to contact the relevant state icebreaker be- duction in speed. The assisted ship(s) must then immediately
fore passing a point specified by VTS Gavle to get information take whatever measures are necessary to promptly execute
and directions as to the route and assistance. full astern. Note that this warning signal is NOT used on
Requests for assistance from state icebreakers shall, when Swedish icebreakers.
the state icebreaker (this term includes other ships used in the
state ice breaking service) is in the waters where the assistance Ice Accretion Warnings
is required to be made to the captain of the icebreaker or a spe- The Swedish Meteorological and Hydrological Institute
cific icebreaker designated to receive notifications. (SMHI) promulgates ice accretion warnings. The warnings are
Information on the reporting procedure will be given in daily disseminated via NAVTEX and Swedish National Radio P1.
ice reports and in coast radio station transmissions. Ice accretion warnings are drawn up according to the following
Unless otherwise agreed with the icebreaker providing assis- criteria:
tance, ships shall monitor their radios continuously. 1. Light ice accretion—Growth rate of 0.5 to 2cm in 12
VHF radio shall be used for signaling between icebreakers hours.
and assisted ships. 2. Moderate ice accretion—Growth rate of 1 to 3cm in 4
Icebreakers continuously monitor VHF channel 16 and 2332 hours.
kHz when at sea. Vessels receiving assistance should maintain 3. Severe ice accretion—Growth rate of more than 4cm in
a continuous listening watch on the channel specified by the 4 hours.
icebreaker. Warnings are generally issued 24 hours prior to the risk of
Icebreakers contact information can also be found in the ta- ice accretion and are canceled when the risk is no longer pres-
ble titled Sweden—Icebreaker Contact Information. Calls ent.
to icebreakers can also be established by coastal radio stations. Ships experiencing ice accretion problems are encouraged to
All icebreakers can also be contacted on VHF channel 16 report this to JRCC Sweden (see Search and Rescue section for
and 2332 kHz. contact information).
The Executive Board of the Ice Breaking Service recom-
mends that vessels navigating in ice-covered waters be Industries
equipped with a transponder for automatic identification of
ships (AIS). The main industries include iron and steel, precision equip-
Vessels shall adhere to the following regulations when in ment, pulp and paper products, processed foods, and motor ve-
company with an icebreaker, or in convoy: hicles.
1. All instructions given from the icebreaker shall be fol- The main exports are machinery, motor vehicles, paper prod-
lowed. ucts, pulp and wood, iron and steel products, and chemicals.
2. Particular attention shall be paid to the following: The main export-trading partners are Norway, Germany, the
a. The VHF channel specified shall be monitored con- United States, the United Kingdom, Denmark, Finland, and the
tinuously. Netherlands,
b. The propulsion machinery of the ship shall be con- The main imports are machinery, petroleum and petroleum
stantly ready for rapid maneuvers. products, chemicals, motor vehicles, iron and steel, foodstuffs,
c. The icebreaker shall determine when the ship is to and clothing. The main imports-trading partners are Germany,
Pub. 140
680 Sweden
Swedish Maritime Administration

Sweden—Mine Risk Areas
the Netherlands, Norway, Denmark, China, and the United b. 55°39.1'N, 12°54.8'E.
Kingdom. c. 55°38.2'N, 12°55.6'E.
d. 55°37.0'N, 12°52.8'E.
Languages The Sound—South Approaches.—All waters bounded by
lines joining the following positions and the coast of Sweden:
Swedish is the official language. a. 55°36.6'N, 12°58.4'E.
b. 55°36.7'N, 12°56.7'E.
Meteorology c. 55°36.6'N, 12°56.2'E.
d. 55°36.0'N, 12°54.9'E.
Marine weather information is available in Swedish and En- e. 55°36.2'N, 12°54.6'E.
glish from the Swedish Meteorological and Hydrological Insti- f. 55°37.6'N, 12°55.3'E.
tute (http://www.smhi.se). g. 55°36.8'N, 12°53.3'E.
h. 55°34.4'N, 12°49.2'E.
Mined Areas i. 55°34.0'N, 12°47.8'E.
j. 55°32.1'N, 12°43.9'E.
The location of former NEMEDRI Mine Danger Area No. k. 55°23.3'N, 12°43.5'E.
10, in which residual dangers are still considered to exist, is l. 55°18.8'N, 12°41.6'E.
given below. m. 55°16.7'N, 12°40.6'E.
Kattegat.—All waters bounded by lines joining the follow- n. 55°12.6'N, 12°4.11'E.
ing approximate positions: o. 55°06.0'N, 12°50.3'E.
a. 57°18.5'N, 11°37.2'E. p. 55°07.1'N, 13°09.9'E.
b. 57°01.0'N, 12°06.2'E. q. 55°15.0'N, 13°09.9'E.
c. 56°48.5'N, 12°20.7'E. r. 55°18.6'N, 13°08.4'E.
d. 56°21.4'N, 12°24.8'E. s. 55°20.5'N, 12°58.4'E.
e. 56°17.7'N, 12°22.0'E. t. 55°20.5'N, 12°56.4'E.
f. 56°15.7'N, 12°16.6'E. u. 55°23.6'N, 12°5.07'E. (S entrance to the Falsterbo
g. 56°37.9'N, 12°16.9'E. Kanal)
h. 56°51.9'N, 11°49.5'E. There are numerous restricted areas throughout the Swedish
The Sound.—All waters bounded by lines joining the fol- coast which are regarded as dangerous for all forms of sea bed
lowing approximate positions: activity due to the presence of unrecovered mines. These areas
a. 55°38.7'N, 12°53.5'E. undergo changes on a frequent basis.
Pub. 140
Sweden 681
Surface traffic is not normally at risk but caution should be Mysinga, off the SW coast of Orno, and is bounded by lines
shown be those performing sea bed activities and exploitation joining the following positions:
such as cable laying, wind turbine construction, fishing, etc. a. 59°01'26.4''N, 18°20'46.2''E. (coast)
Swedish military authorities have deemed the likelihood od b. 59°59'42.0''N, 18°21'06.0''E.
coming into contact with mines is small. See the chartlet titled c. 58°59'40.8''N, 18°19'09.0''E.
Sweden—Mine Risk Areas. d. 58°01'36.0''N, 18°19'30.0''E.
Complete and up-to-date information can be found at the
Swedish Maritime Administration web site:
Swedish Maritime Administration (Mines) Home Page Enroute Volumes
http://www.sjofartsverket.se/mines Pub. 193, Sailing Directions (Enroute) Skagerrak and Katte-
gat.
Defensive Mine Fields Pub. 194, Sailing Directions (Enroute) Baltic Sea (Southern
Along the Swedish coast are a number of areas where mines Part).
are already laid in peacetime. These mined areas are usually Pub. 195, Sailing Directions (Enroute) Gulf of Finland and
found in harbor entrances and archipelago channels where the Gulf of Bothnia.
waters can be observed and the mines controlled from observa-
tion posts on shore. The mines are not activated and may only Maritime Claims
be detonated remotely from the observation post. The maritime territorial claims of Sweden are, as follows:
Anchorage is prohibited in these areas due to the risk of
damage to the mine equipment; during thunderstorms, vessels Territorial Sea 12 miles. *
navigate in these areas at their own risk as full security cannot
be guaranteed in such conditions. Fisheries or Economic Zone 200 miles. **
If a vessel must anchor in the mined area in an emergency, Continental Shelf Depth of 200m or the Limit
anchoring should be done as near to the outer limit of the area of Exploitation.
as possible in order to minimize damage to the mine gear.
Defensive mine fields are laid in the following areas: * Claims straight baselines. Territorial sea limits reduced in
1. Extending NW and S of Oxdjupet (59°24'N., the following areas to retain a high seas corridor:
18°27'E.). 1. Kattegat.
2. In the approaches to Guovik (56°12'N., 15°01'E.) and 2. Northern and southern approaches to The Sound.
Jarnavik (56°11'N., 15°04'E.). 3. Samso Baelt.
3. In the S approach to Karlskrona (56°10'N., 15°35'E.). 4. Kadet Renden.
4. In the E approach to Karlskrona S of Torhamnsudde 5. Fehmarn Belt.
(56°05'N., 15°51'E.). 6. Kieler Bucht.
5. In the E approach to Karlskrona in the entrance to 7. Bornholmsgat.
Kallafjarden NW of Eldstein Beacon (56°02'N., 15°45'E.). ** To defined coordinates.
6. Stockholm (Landsort Entrance)—In the vicinity of
Mallsten (58°51'N., 18°02'E.) extending 1 mile N of the is-
land and 1.5 to 2 miles S of the island. Internet Maritime Safety Information
7. Stockholm (Landsort Entrance)—Between the N end Notice to Mariners and Navigation Warnings, in English and
Swedish, are available from the Swedish Maritime Administra-
of Uto (58°57'N., 18°15'E.) and the S end of Orno, 2 mile
NE. tion.
8. Stockholm (Landsort Entrance)—In the vicinity of
Vettskar between Galon (59°05'N., 18°18'E.) and Orno, http://www.sjofartsverket.se/en/Maritime-services/
about 1 mile SE. Maritime-Traffic-Information/Navigational-Warnings
9. Across the entrance to Slite Hamn (57°42'N.,
18°48'E.). Deep-Water Routes
10. Across the N entrance and the S entrance to Farosund See Baltic Sea—Navigational Information—Deep-Water
(57°53'N., 19°03'E.). Routes.
11. Approaches to Goteburg (57°42'N., 11°55'E.)—Three
mine fields. The N field lies across the approaches of the N National Sea Surveillance Centers
main channel. The central field lies across the approaches The main duty of each center is to gather and study informa-
across the N channel and the SW channel. The S field lies tion concerning all maritime activities. The centers continuous-
across the approaches of the S channel. ly monitor VHF channel 16. These centers are located, as
12. In the approaches to Bulkhammen (56°00'N., follows:
12°43'E.). 1. Harnosand (62°38'N., 17°56'E.).
13. In the approaches to Raa Hamn (55°59'N., 12°45'E.). 2. Musko (59°02'N., 18°07'E.).
3. Karlskrona (56°10'N., 15°35'E.).
Mine-laying Practice Area 4. Malmo (55°37'N., 13°00'E.).
A mine-laying practice area lies off the E coast of Sweden in 5. Goteborg (57°42'N., 11°55'E.).
Pub. 140
682 Sweden
VHF Communications 3. Vessels carrying shipments of irradiated nuclear fuel,
The following VHF frequencies are allocated to Swedish sta- plutonium, or high level radioactive waste (INF cargo).
tions: The limits of the area where this pilotage is recommended is,
1. Calling, distress, and safety—VHF channel 16. as follows:
2. Pilotage—VHF channel 13. 1. North limit—A line connecting Svinbaden Light
3. Harbor traffic and pilotage—VHF channel 12. (56°09'N., 12°33'E.) in Sweden and Hornbaek Harbor
4. Intership—VHF channel 6. (56°06'N., 12°28'E.) in Denmark.
Unless otherwise stated, the call signs of Swedish stations 2. South limit—A line connecting Skanor Harbor
are, as follows: (55°25'N., 12°50'E.) in Sweden and Alfandshage (55°33'N.,
1. Pilot stations: Lotsama ... (name of station). 12°36'E.), the southernmost point of Amager Island in Den-
2. Ports: ... (name of port) Hamnradio. mark.
Vessels should use the pilotage service established by the
Pilotage governments of Denmark and Sweden. However, Danish pilots
may not conduct pilotage E of the island of Ven; Swedish pilots
Pilotage is controlled by the Swedish Navigation Authority may not use the Drogden traffic lane.
and is compulsory in Swedish coastal waters and along certain Swedish pilots (Sound Pilots) are ordered through the Vessel
pilot leads (fairways) connecting ports along the coast. Reporting Service (FRS) and can be contacted, as follows:
The vessels subject to compulsory pilotage vary in size and 1. Telephone: 46-40-204352
type, according to location. For this purpose, vessels are divid- 2. Facsimile: 46-40-301868
ed into the following categories: 3. E-mail: [email protected]
1. Category 1—Vessels carrying or with uncleaned tanks Danish pilots (Sound Pilots) are ordered through DanPilot
which last carried: and can be contacted, as follows:
a. Liquefied gas. 1. Telephone: 45-63-256666
b. Liquid chemicals defined in MARPOL 73/78 Sup- 2. Facsimile: 45-63-256649
plement 2, Annex 2 as Category A, B, or (if vessel does 3. E-mail: [email protected]
not have a double-skin hull under all cargo tanks) C. 4. Web site: http://www.danpilot.dk
c. Liquid chemicals which, according to the IMO Bulk
Chemical Code, should be carried in Type 1 or Type 2 ves-
sels. Deep Sea Pilotage
2. Category 2—All other chemical tankers which are lad- Vessels requiring a licensed deep sea pilot in the Baltic Sea
en or have uncleaned tanks and all laden oil tankers. area should send request at least 24 hours in advance to South
3. Category 3—All other vessels. Coast Pilots, as follows:
When the vessel reports to the vessel reporting service (see 1. Telephone: 46-771-630680
Regulations—SafeSeaNet Sweden (SSNS)) 24 hours prior to 2. E-mail: [email protected]
arrival at the destination (arrival berth, not the pilot boarding Deep sea pilots board, as follows:
position), it also gives notification for ordering a pilot. A sepa- 1. Off Vinga (57°38'00.0''N., 11°36'00.0''E.).
rate preliminary request for a pilot is also made using the e- 2. In the vicinity of M1 Lighted Buoy (56°07'30.0''N.,
Services, with the ETA at the pilot boarding position given. A 12°31'00.0''E.).
definitive request for pilotage must be made at least 5 hours in 3. Off Flint SW Light (55°28'12.0''N., 12°43'00.0''E.).
advance. In exceptional cases, the pilot may be ordered by e- 4. Off Trelleborg (55°19'39.0''N., 13°08'36.0''E.).
mail, telephone, or VHF. 5. Off Bornholm.
For additional information, see the following web site: 6. At any Swedish port.
For information on requesting Deep Sea Pilotage in the Bal-
tic Sea, see Baltic Sea—Pilotage.
Swedish Maritime Administration Home Page
http://www.sjofartsverket.se Large Tankers
According to an agreement between the Swedish Navigation
Recommended Pilotage Authority and a combination of the Swedish Petroleum Insti-
Pilotage is recommended by IMO Resolution MSC 138(76) tute and Owners Association, loaded oil tankers employed by
for the following vessels when transiting Sundet (The Sound): Swedish oil companies, with a draft greater than 12m or carry-
1. Loaded oil tankers with a draft of 7m and over. ing more than 50,000 tons of petroleum products, must employ
2. Loaded chemical tankers and gas carriers, regardless of a Swedish pilot on voyages in the Baltic Sea N of latitude
size. 55°25'N.
Sweden Coast Guard—Regional Operating Centers—Contact Information

Area Call sign Telephone Facsimile E-mail
Swedish Coast
Northeast 46-8-7897994 46-8-7162602 [email protected]
Guard Stockholm
Pub. 140
Sweden 683
Sweden Coast Guard—Regional Operating Centers—Contact Information

Area Call sign Telephone Facsimile E-mail
Swedish Coast
Southwest 46-31-7269100 46-31-297395 [email protected]
Guard Goteberg
Pollution cient and proper fenders, and if required by the harbormaster,

must have their anchors stowed inboard, davits turned in, etc.
The point of contact for receipt, transmission, and processing Ships are not to move inside the harbor at a greater speed
of urgent reports involving harmful substances, including oil than necessary for their convenient handling. They must not
from ships in the Swedish EEZ, is the Swedish Coast Guard use their engines except at the slowest speed and for as short a
Headquarters in Karlskrona, which can be contacted, as fol- time as possible just previous to their departure.
lows: Steam whistles and sirens must not be sounded within the
1. Telephone: 46-455-353535 (24 hours) harbor, unless necessary to do so to avoid danger, or in accor-
2. Facsimile: 46-455-10521 (24 hours) dance with the International Regulations for Preventing Colli-
3. E-mail: [email protected] sions at Sea.
The Regional Commanders of the Regional Operating Securing cables, hawsers, warps, etc., must only be taken to
Centers and their staffs plan and direct operations in the two the proper securing positions (bollards, rings, etc.) provided.
regions (Northeast and Southwest); they can be contacted as In many places special by-laws are enforced to prevent pol-
listed in the table titled Sweden Coast Guard—Regional lution of the water by the discharge of oil or other noxious mat-
Operating Centers—Contact Information. ter from ships. Provision must be made when working cargo to
prevent any falling overboard.
Monitoring Single Hull Tankers Ships are to pass jetties, harbor installations and moored
The transport of heavy grade oils is not allowed on single boats at the slowest possible speed compatible with safe navi-
hull tankers of certain sizes and ages. Denmark, Estonia, Fin- gation to avoid damaging them by wash.
land, Latvia, Norway, and Sweden have adopted measures to Ships passing lighted structures, which are in process of be-
monitor the observance of theses regulations. For further infor- ing replenished by boats carrying gas containers, or piers or
mation, see Denmark—Pollution. jetties at which such boats are loading or discharging gas con-
tainers, should do so at a speed not greater than 5 knots when
MARPOL Special Area within a distance of about 200m from them; such boats can be
The Baltic Sea, including the Gulf of Bothnia and the Gulf of distinguished by a red ball in the rigging.
Finland, has been designated as a MARPOL Special Area. Special regulations are in force in the inner coastal waters of
MARPOL Special Areas are sea areas where special mandato- Sweden against causing damage to the sides of channels cut
ry methods for the prevention of oil pollution in the sea have through the ice, and for the marking of temporary bridges
been adopted. thrown across such channels. Ships carrying, loading or dis-
Further information can be found in North Atlantic charging explosive, inflammable or dangerous cargo (including
Ocean—Pollution—MARPOL Special Areas. radioactive materials) must display by day, Flag B of the Inter-
This Special Area is under intensive surveillance for pollu- national Code of Signals and exhibit, at night, two red lights,
tion and violations of traffic rules. Further information on pol- disposed horizontally about the centerline and at least 2m
lution reporting can be found in Baltic Sea—Pollution— apart. These signals need not be shown by a vessel carrying on-
Pollution Reporting. ly a small quantity of dangerous cargo, below the limits pre-
scribed in Swedish regulations.
Regulations Anchorage is prohibited in the vicinity of submarine cables
in Swedish waters. The positions of cables are usually marked
Ships should obtain a copy of the harbor regulations from the by beacons or buoys, but the prohibition may or may not be in-
harbormaster of each port. The regulations described below are dicated on the chart. This prohibition applies equally to power
in force at most of the ports. cables and telegraph cables.
Masters of merchant ships arriving in port must report to the Foreign state vessels (naval vessels and other vessels and
harbormaster the usual information relative to the ship, crew, hovercraft which are owned or used by a state and employed
and cargo. for non-commercial purposes) are not allowed to stop or an-
Ships, unless obliged by necessity, must not anchor in, or off, chor within Swedish territory unless it is necessary for the safe-
the entrance channels, but if forced to do so, must shift berth at ty of the vessel. If the vessel is compelled to stop or if it enters
the first opportunity. Swedish internal waters because of distress, it shall make this
On entering the harbor limits, ships must display their na- known by giving an international signal and by notifying a
tional colors, and keep them flying by day until after the com- Swedish military authority of the circumstances.
pletion of the Customs visit.
Berths will be allotted by the harbormaster, and must not be Quarantine
shifted without his permission. Ships must shift berth if and Vessels or their agents shall inform Swedish Customs as
when required to do so by the harbormaster. soon as possible before the vessel’s arrival at a port in Sweden
Ships lying alongside a quay, or one another, must use suffi- of any cases of illness indicative of a disease of an infectious
Pub. 140
684 Sweden
nature or evidence of a public health risk on board as soon as 9. Planned operations at the port of destination (loading,
such illness or public health risks become known on the vessel. unloading, other).
Swedish Customs can be contacted, as follows: 10. Planned statutory survey inspections and substantial
1. Telephone: 46-771-520520 (office hours) maintenance/repair work to be conducted in the port of desti-
46-771-232323 (office hours) nation.
46-980-84550 (24 hours)
2. E-mail: [email protected] Maritime Single Window (MSW)
3. Web site: http://www.tullverket.se Vessels greater than 300 gross tons are required to submit in-
formation regarding calling at Swedish ports or anchorages,
Advance notification for merchant shipping hazardous (dangerous or polluting) cargo, and ship-generated
The vessel’s master or representative must give advance noti- waste to the Maritime Single Window (MSW) of the Swedish
fication to the Swedish Coast Guard no less than 24 hours prior Maritime Administration not later than 24 hours prior to arrival
to arrival. The form titled Notification in Advance should be at a port or anchorage in Sweden. Vessels shall submit, via
used. The document can be obtained from the Internet, as fol- their agent, the following information:
lows: 1. Ship’s name, type, call sign, MMSI number, and IMO
number.
Swedish Coast Guard Home Page 2. Destination (port/anchorage), ETA/ETD, number of
http://www.kustbevakningen.se persons on board, and arrival draft.
3. Pilot Exemption Number, if any.
4. Last port of call or anchorage.
Any changes should immediately be reported to the Swedish 5. Next port of call or anchorage.
Coast Guard. Any change in departure time should be reported 6. Non-Swedish flag vessels must also report the Actual
not later than 4 hours in advance. Time of Arrival (ATD) and Actual Time of Departure (ATD).
For further information, see the Swedish Maritime Adminis-
Advance notification requirements for foreign vessels tration web site, as follows:
The following foreign-flagged vessels are subject to addi-
tional advance notification requirements:
1. Gas and chemical tankers older than 10 years of age as Swedish Maritime Administration Home Page
determined by the date indicated in the vessel’s safety certif- http://www.sjofartsverket.se
icates. Click on e-services, then on Maritime Single Window
2. Bulk carriers older than 12 years of age as determined
by the date indicated in the vessel’s safety certificates. European Union Expanded Inspection (EI) Notification
3. Oil tankers over 3,000 gross tons and older than 15 Under European Union (EU) Directive 2009/16/EC, the Eu-
years of age as determined by the date indicated in the ves- ropean Union has introduced a mandatory reporting system for
sel’s safety certificates. vessels arriving at or departing from a port or anchorage in the
4. Passenger vessels older than 15 years of age as deter- EU region.
mined by the date indicated in the vessel’s safety certificates. The reports should be sent electronically through the SafeSe-
The advance notification shall be sent at least 3 days prior to aNet Sweden (SSNS) of the Swedish Maritime Administration
the ETA at the port. If the voyage from the previous port is ex- (http://www.sjofartsverket.se/en/e-services).
pected to take less than 3 days, the advance notification shall For further information, see North Atlantic Ocean—Regu-
be sent prior to leaving the previous port. lations—European Union Expanded Inspection (EI) Notifi-
The advance notification shall be submitted to the Swedish cation.
Coast Guard by one of the following methods:
1. E-mail: [email protected] European Union Dangerous and Polluting Cargo Notifica-
2. Facsimile: 46-611-20190 tion
The advance notification shall contain the following infor- Under European Union (EU) Directive 2002/59/EC, as
mation: amended by EU Directive 2009/17/EC, any vessel over 300
1. Vessel name. gross tons and any vessel carrying dangerous or polluting cargo
2. Flag. bound to or leaving from EU ports should report to the relevant
3. IMO number. port authority at least 24 hours in advance.
4. Deadweight tons. For further information, see Baltic Sea—Regulations—Eu-
5. Date of construction of the vessel, as determined by ropean Union Dangerous and Polluting Cargo Notifica-
the date indicated in the vessel’s safety certificates. tions.
6. For tankers:
a. Configuration (single hull, single hull with segre- Recommendation on Baltic Sea Navigation
gated ballast tanks). The IMO has issued recommendations regarding vessel tran-
b. Condition of the cargo and ballast tanks (full, emp- sits of the entrances to the Baltic Sea. For further information,
ty, inerted). see Baltic Sea—Regulations.
c. Volume and type of cargo.
7. ETA at the port and the pilot station. Particularly Sensitive Sea Areas (PSSA)
8. Planned duration of the port call. The Baltic Sea area of Sweden, Denmark, Finland, Estonia,
Pub. 140
Sweden 685
Lithuania, Latvia, Poland, and Germany (except for waters un- terms of shipping, Sweden’s external border with a third coun-
der Russian jurisdiction) has been declared by the IMO to be a try therefore consists of the country's entire sea border.
PSSA. Advance Notification.—It is the duty of the master, the
A PSSA is an area that requires special protection because of shipping company, or its representative to give Advance Notifi-
its vulnerability to damage caused by marine activities. Vessels cation to the Swedish Coast Guard Maritime Clearance in Har-
operating in or near such an area should exercise the utmost nosand, Sweden, as follows:
care to avoid damage to the maritime environment and the ma- 1. Call sign: Swedish Maritime Clearance
rine organisms in it. No waste should be discharged overboard. 2. VHF: VHF channel 16
3. Telephone: 46-611-33-55-30
Schengen Agreement 4. Facsimile: 46-611-201-90
The aim of the Schengen Agreement is to create free move- 5. E-mail: [email protected]
ment for persons within the European Union (EU) and to inten- The notification shall be given not later than 24 hours before
sify the fight against cross-border crime. In practice, the the vessel is due to land at its point of destination. If the voyage
Schengen Agreement means that personal checks on journeys is less than 24 hours duration, the information should be sent at
between the member states will cease, while the external fron- the time of departure. If the destination is not known, the infor-
tier controls will be intensified, i.e. towards countries that are mation should be send as soon as it becomes known.
not signatories to the Schengen Agreement. Fishing vessels registered in a third country or which has
Sweden’s operational participation in the Schengen Agree- called at a port in a third country should be given not later than
ment is governed by the Schengen regulations and by national 6 hours before the vessel is due to land at its point of destina-
legislation, particularly aliens’ legislation. In accordance with tion. Fishing vessels that operate only in coastal waters, i.e.
the Schengen legislation, the check means that merchant ships vessels that return daily or almost daily to their port of registry
are obliged to submit details regarding the ship, the voyage and or to another port in the territory of a Member State without
persons on board following a system for Advance Notification. calling at a port in a third country, are exempt from the obliga-
The aim of the regulations on ship security is to protect the tion to submit an Advance Notification.
maritime sector from serious crimes of violence, i.a. terrorism. The required information is the same for both merchant ves-
The legislation requires information of ship security nature in sels and fishing vessels and can be found in North Atlantic
accordance with a system for Advance Notification from all Ocean—Regulations—Schengen Rules.
ships over 500 gross tons, which intend to call at a Swedish For notification, the forms established by IMO’s Facilitation
port. Committee (FAL) should be used. In case the notification is
In Sweden, the Maritime Safety Inspectorate has the main made in another way it shall state, among other things, details
responsibility for implementation of the new legislation and for on the ship, persons on board, passengers, and data concerning
surveying that the Rules and regulations concerning maritime. the ship security.
security are adhered to, but also other authorities are involved. The notification shall be typed in Swedish or English. On
There is a special agreement with the Maritime Safety In- completion of the check, the Coast Guard shall send back a
spectorate and the Coast Guard concerning the participation of stamped copy of the notification that shall be kept on board the
the Coast Guard in the ship security work, but the Inspectorate vessel throughout its stay in Swedish waters.
also cooperates with the Police and the Swedish Customs. When FAL forms are used for Advance Notification to the
Background.—In accordance with Article 6 of the Regula- Swedish Coast Guard Maritime Clearance in Harnosand, the
tion (EC) No. 725/2004 of the European Parliament and of the following forms shall be used:
Council on enhancing ship and port facility security, all ships 1. IMO FAL Form 1—General Declaration
of a certain size intending to call at a Swedish port will be re- 2. National Annex to FAL Form 1 (can be found on the
quired to give information of ship security nature by virtue of website of the Swedish Coast Guard).
the regulation. 3. IMO FAL Form 5—Crew List.
Point of Contact.—As per Regulation 7, Appendix 1 of the 4. IMO FAL Form 6—Passenger List (when passengers
EC Regulation (threat to ships), contracting governments shall are carried on board).
provide a point of contact through which ships operating in In cases when the fields of the FAL forms do not correspond
their territorial sea or having communicated an intention to en- to information requested, such information can be given in the
ter their territorial sea, can request advice or assistance and to Notes space or in an enclosure.
which such ships can report any security concerns about other Any changes to information contained in the Advance Noti-
ships, movements, or communications. fication shall immediately be reported to the Swedish Coast
In Sweden, the Swedish Coast Guard is responsible for this Guard Maritime Clearance in Harnosand, Sweden.
function through the Coordination Centre of the Regional Note.—Radio contact can be established by VHF using call
Command North in Harnosand. This function is called “Swed- sign “Maritime Clearance Sweden” but should only be used in
ish Coast Guard Maritime Clearance.” extreme circumstances.
External borders.—The term external border means the Any change in departure time shall, however, be notified not
border of a Schengen state on a third country and the state’s later than 4 hours in advance.
ports and airports which have traffic to and from a third coun- The Advance Notification also constitutes a request for per-
try. A Schengen state’s sea border is mainly regarded as an ex- mission to call at a port that has not been designated a border
ternal border since the sea territory borders on international control point. The signed and returned copy of the Advance
waters (the open sea), which is equivalent to a third country. In Notification constitutes a permit to call at the port to which the
Pub. 140
686 Sweden
Advance Notification applies. as follows:
1. Call sign: Sweden Rescue
Swedish Coast Guard Home Page 2. Telephone: 46-31-699050 (for vessels)
http://www.kustbevakningen.se 46-31-699080 (for emergencies)
46-31-648000 (public)
or 3. Facsimile: 46-31-648010
http://www.coastguard.se
JRCC Sweden maintains a continuous listening watches on
VHF channel 16 and VHF/MF DSC for distress traffic.
Low-sulphur Fuel The Swedish Sea Rescue Society (SSRS) operates 64 rescue
Vessels in Swedish ports are prohibited from using fuel oil stations, with about 160 rescue units, along the coasts and inte-
containing more than 0.1% sulphur. rior lakes of Sweden. The SSRS can be contacted, as follows:
1. Telephone: 47-77-579-00-90 (0800-1630 weekdays)
General Calling Procedures 2. E-mail: [email protected]
The Swedish Transport Agency recommends the following
vessels participate in a general call procedure: Ship Reporting System
1. Vessels of 300 gt and over.
2. Vessels, including tows, with a length of 45m and SOUNDREP
greater. SOUNDREP, a mandatory ship reporting system, has been
A general call should be made, in English, on VHF channel established between Denmark and Sweden in the central and
16 when passing reporting points and when departing from a southern parts of The Sound in order to improve safety and
quay or anchorage. The following information should be stat- protect the marine environment. This reporting system, which
ed: is operated by Sound VTS, includes a Reporting Area and an
1. “All ships” call and VHF channel. inner Operational Area.
2. Ship name and type. The Operational Area of SOUNDREP covers the entire area
3. Name and location of reporting point or place of de- of The Sound, as well as the N and S approaches to The Sound.
parture. Participation in SOUNDREP is mandatory for all vessels of
4. Intended route. 300 gross tons and over proceeding to or from ports or anchor-
5. Destination. ages in The Sound or when passing through the reporting area.
For further information, see Sector 1 in Pub. 194, Sailing Di-
Restricted Areas rections (Enroute) Baltic Sea (Southern Part.)
Special Regulations Local Reporting Systems

Vessels may be hailed by Swedish maritime, air, or defense Many Swedish ports have local reporting systems in opera-
authorities, using signal SO or L of the International Code of tion. Vessels of 300 gross tons and over and vessels, including
Signals, and required to alter course or stop. They may also be tows, with an loa of 45m or greater, are advised to make a gen-
boarded or instructed to enter harbor for examination. Restric- eral call in English on VHF channel 16, as follows:
tions may also be ordered on the use of the vessel’s radio. 1. When passing a reporting point.
It is prohibited to land and remain on several islands and re- 2. When departing from a pier or anchorage.
gions close to the Swedish coast. Notices are posted to this ef- The following information should be included in the call:
fect. This edict also pertains to military installations and naval 1. The phrase “All ships” and VHF channel.
dockyards. Foreign ships should obtain copies of the Police 2. Vessel name and type.
Regulations for restrictions against photography, surveying, 3. Name and location of reporting point or place of de-
and anchoring in defensive areas. parture.
4. Intended route.
Swedish War Harbors 5. Destination.
Foreign warships are not, without special permission, al- Smaller vessels fitted with VHF should report if circum-
lowed to enter Swedish war harbors, and any foreign vessel stances permit.
within the limits of these harbors must employ a pilot and only The following Swedish ports operate local reporting sys-
proceed through the authorized channels. tems:
1. Falkenberg (56°53'N., 12°28'E.). 1
Routes 2. Gavle (60°42'N., 17°14'E.). 3
3. Halmstad (56°39'N., 12°50'E.). 1
An IMO-recommended two-way route is located N of Got- 4. Harnosand (62°38'N., 17°57'E.). 3
land Island. 5. Hudiksvall (61°43'N., 17°07'E.). 3
6. Iggesund (61°39'N., 17°07'E.). 3
Search and Rescue 7. Kalmar (56°40'N., 16°22'E.). 2
8. Karlshamn (56°10'N., 14°52'E.). 2
The Swedish Maritime Administration is responsible for 9. Karlskrona (56°10'N., 15°36'E.). 2
search and rescue operations. The Joint Rescue Coordination 10. Kopmanholmon (63°10'N., 18°35'E.). 3
Center (JRCC) Sweden, located in Goteborg, can be contacted, 11. Lulea (65°27'N., 22°26'E.). 3
Pub. 140
Sweden 687
12. Ornskoldsvik (63°17'N., 18°44'E.). 3 During diving operations a red and blue flag, divided diago-
13. Oskarshamn (57°16'N., 16°29'E.). 2 nally, is shown; vessels should proceed with caution and if pos-
14. Pitea (65°14'N., 21°37'E.). 3 sible pass with engines stopped.
15. Skelleftehamn (64°41'N., 21°15'E.). 3
16. Soderhamn (61°19'N., 17°06'E.). 3 Marking of Fishing Gear
17. Stockholm (59°19'N., 18°05'E.). 2 Drift nets are marked by day with a black barrel or buoy, or
18. Stromsand (58°56'N., 11°10'E.). 1 with a buoy which may have a triangular flag. By night, they
19. Sundsvall (62°23'N., 17°21'E.). 3 are marked by a white light.
20. Umea (63°49'N., 20°17'E.). 3 Fixed nets are marked at the outer ends by day with two
21. Varberg (57°07'N., 12°14'E.). 1 square flags, one of dark color and the other of light color, and
22. Vastervik (57°45'N., 16°39'E.). 2 at night with a violet light.
23. Visby (57°38'N., 18°16'E.). 2 On the Swedish coast, fishing gear which is not laid in the
1
For further information, see Pub. 193, Sailing Directions customary navigational channels is marked with floats by day
(Enroute) Skagerrak and Kattegat. and by night, with a violet light at the fixed end and a white
2 For further information, see Pub. 194, Sailing Directions light at the drifting end.
(Enroute) Baltic Sea (Southern Part).
3
For further information, see Pub. 195, Sailing Directions Swedish Fishing Markers
(Enroute) Gulf of Finland and Gulf of Bothnia. In Swedish waters, fishing gear which is not laid in the cus-
tomary navigational channels is marked with floats by day.
Signals At night, a violet light marks the fixed end and a white light
the drifting end. Caution must be exercised not to foul the gear.
Minesweepers Eel nets are usually set out from May to December along the
Minesweepers engaged in minesweeping operations display S coast of Sweden. The nets are either made fast to poles or
the signals prescribed by the International Regulations for Pre- strung from anchored plastic balls. The outer end is marked by
venting Collisions at Sea. a fixed violet light and a black flag, or a topmark on the outer-
In addition, Swedish naval vessels will use the following sig- most pole. Vessels are advised not to approach this coast within
nals: a distance of 1.5 miles.
1. When engaged in acoustic minesweeping, Morse Code
Letter “U” flashed in the direction of any approaching ves- Swedish Lightships
sel; a minesweeper making this signal should not be ap- Swedish lightships may exhibit the following signals if a
proached within at least 1.5 miles. vessel is observed standing into danger. A gun may be fired,
2. When towing minesweeping apparatus or other mili- the Morse letter “U” may be made by siren or flashing light, or
tary gear, but not engaged in minesweeping operations, the the International Code flag “U” is displayed.
vessel will display: Lightships out of position discontinue their characteristic
a. By day—Flag “D.” lights and fog signals. If possible, they will lower their day-
b. By night—Three lights, red, white, green, disposed marks and make the following signals:
vertically. 1. By day—Two black balls, one forward and one aft.
Such vessels should not be approached within 0.1 mile. Red flags may be substituted, if the balls constitute the nor-
3. When engaged in destroying mines or rendering mines mal daymark. The International Code Signal “LO” is also
safe, a vessel will display: shown.
a. By day—A red flag. 2. By night—Two red lights, one forward and one aft. Al-
b. By night—A red light. so two flare-up lights, one white and one red shown simulta-
Such vessels should be given a wide berth. neously every 15 minutes. If the flare-ups are not available, a
red and a white light will be shown.
Dredges
Dredges in Swedish waters and vessels at anchor similarly Customs Vessels
obstructing navigation show the following signals in addition The following signals are used by customs vessels to stop a
to the lights and signals for a vessel at anchor required by the vessel:
International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea: 1. By day:
1. On the side on which a vessel may not pass: a. Flag K of the International Code of Signals.
a. By day—A red ball. b. Morse code K by flashing light.
b. By night—A white light over a red light. c. An explosive signal (not to be confused with dis-
2. On the side on which a vessel may pass: tress).
a. By day—Two black cones, points together, vertical- 2. At night:
ly disposed. a. Alternating blue and yellow lights.
b. By night—A white light over a green light. b. Morse code K by flashing light.
3. In fog and reduced visibility: c. An explosive signal (not to be confused with dis-
a. Vessels to pass N or E of the dredge—Double tress).
strokes of the bell every minute.
b. Vessels to pass S or W of the dredge—Triple strokes Speed Signals
of the bell every minute. Ships passing through mined waters close astern of naval
Pub. 140
688 Sweden
ships, or leading ships with the pilot aboard, shall comply with Some submarines are also equipped with special rising
the following semaphore and sound signals made by flag or buoys. They are painted red, with a dark green lid, and are used
whistle: to assist crewmembers escaping from a sunken submarine.
1. By day:
a. PROCEED—Flag extended horizontally. Time Zone
b. STOP—Flag extended overhead and swung to both
sides. The Time Zone description is ALFA (-1). Daylight Savings
c. REVERSE—Flag extended vertically downward. Time (BRAVO (-2)) is maintained from the last Sunday in
2. By night or in fog: March until the last Sunday in October.
a. PROCEED—The Morse code letter “C.”
b. STOP—The Morse code letter “H.” Traffic Separation Schemes
c. REVERSE—The Morse code letter “S.”
A red ball displayed in the rigging of a vessel lying at a light Traffic Separation Schemes (TSS) in Sweden are, as follows:
station indicates that passing ships must not proceed at a speed 1. Approaches to Stockholm—Sandhamn Entrance.
greater than 5 knots at 0.1 mile off the moored vessel. (Government of Sweden)
Local speed restrictions are in force within harbors and chan- 2. West Klintehamn. (IMO adopted)
nels, especially in the Swedish archipelago. 3. Midsjobankarna. (IMO adopted)
4. North Hoburgs Bank. (IMO adopted)
Firing and Exercise Area Signals. 5. South Hoburgs Bank. (IMO adopted)
See Firing Areas. 6. Off Oland Island. (IMO adopted)
7. In The Sound. (IMO adopted)
Submarine Operating Areas 8. Off Falsterborev. (IMO adopted)
9. In Bornholmsgat. (IMO adopted)
Swedish naval vessels escorting submerged submarines will 10. North Aland Sea and South Aland Sea. (IMO adopted)
show a red flag by day. Vessels in the vicinity should proceed 11. Norra Kvarken. (IMO adopted)
with caution and keep a sharp watch for periscopes. Subma-
rines which are resurfacing may not be in a condition to imme-
diately maneuver or to show signals for a vessel not under U.S. Embassy
command.
Swedish submarines underway on the surface may exhibit The U.S. Embassy is situated at Dag Hammarskjold Vag 31,
the following navigational lights: Stockholm.
1. In place of the white lights described in Rule 23 of the The mailing addresses are, as follows:
72 COLREGS, a blue light on the forestaff, visible for at 1. Sweden address—
least 2 miles, and a white top light in another suitable posi- Dag Hammarskjold Vag 31
tion, visible for at least 5 miles, may be shown. SE-11589, Stockholm
2. In addition to the sidelights described in Rule 23, a 2. U. S. address—
second light on each side of the submarine, either above or Department of State
below the first sidelight, may be displayed. 5750 Stockholm Place
3. A rotating yellow light. Washington, DC (20521-5750)
Swedish submarines which have been submerged for a long
period may release a towing buoy to warn surface vessels of U. S. Embassy Sweden Home Page
the position of the submarine and that the submarine may be http://se.usembassy.gov
about to surface, as follows:
1. By day—The towing buoy may be released either by
itself or in conjunction with a telephone buoy. The towing Vessel Traffic Service
buoy is cylindrical, is painted in withe and orange horizontal
bands, and displays a small triangular flag at its forward end. The following vessels are required to report to the appropri-
2. At night—A telephone buoy will be released before ate Vessel Traffic Service center during a passage within a VTS
the submarine surfaces. The buoy contains a light which area or when passing a reporting point:
makes short flashes. 1. All vessels 45m long and over.
Surface vessels should pass astern of these buoys when 2. All vessels 300 gross tons and over
sighted. 3. A towing vessel with a length of 45m and over, includ-
Swedish submarines carry special telephone buoys for coming the tow.
munications in the events of the submarine being sunk. These All vessels 15m long and over, 20 gross tons and over, and
buoys are can-shaped and painted orange, with a white rim on smaller registered fishing vessels should participate in the re-
the lid, to which a ring is attached. They are fitted with a signal porting if their passage is considered to affect the safety of oth-
lamp that can be worked from the submarine, as well as a er vessels during the transit.
board inscribed with instructions for use and the name of the All participating vessels shall maintain a continuous listen-
submarine. Any vessel finding such a buoy should immediately ing watch on VHF channel 16 and on the assigned VHF chan-
notify the nearest Swedish naval vessel, pilot, or shore authori- nel for the respective VTS Area.
ty. Participating vessels should report the indicated information
Pub. 140
Sweden 689
to the appropriate VTS Center, as follows: or navigational equipment which may significantly affect the
1. When entering a VTS Area and immediately prior to vessel’s safe navigation and maneuverability or on being in-
departure from a berth or anchorage: volved in an accident such as a grounding or collision:
b. Call sign. b. Position.
c. Name of nearest reporting line or geographical posi- c. Destination.
tion. d. Defect or damage causing the vessel to report.
d. Planned route. At the request of the VTS, vessels shall also give information
e. Destination. at other times and shall give supplementary information for the
f. Actual draft. safety and efficiency of vessel traffic in the VTS area.
The VTS Center must be notified well in advance with the All maritime accidents shall be reported to JRCC Sweden on
correct information prior to departure from a berth or an- VHF channel 16 (call sign: Sweden Rescue). The appropriate
chorage. Vessels are not permitted to leave a quay or anchor- VTS center shall also be immediately informed in the event of
age in the Goteborg VTS Area without permission from VTS any grounding, collision, incident, breakdown, or other event
Goteborg. affecting maritime safety and maritime traffic.
2. When passing the reporting points: Vessel Traffic Services are in operation, as follows:
a. Vessel name. 1. Goteborg 1 (57°42'N., 11°56'E.).
b. Reporting point. 2. Lysekil 1 (58°16'N., 11°27'E.).
c. Destination. 3. Marstrand 1 (57°53'N., 11°35'E.).
3. Upon arrival at the quay or anchor berth: 4. Lulea 2 (65°33'N., 22°15'E.).
a. Vessel name. 5. Malaran/Landsort 2 (59°09'N., 17°09'E.).
b. Position. 6. Oxelosund 2 (58°38'N., 16°51'E.).
4. When changing the route: 7. Sodertalje Kanal 2 (59°12'N., 17°38'E.).
a. Vessel name. 8. Stockholm 2 (59°43'N., 18°44'E.).
1
b. Position. For further information, see Pub. 193, Sailing Directions
c. New planned route. (Enroute) Skagerrak and Kattegat.
d. Destination. 2 For further information, see Pub. 194, Sailing Directions
5. When damage has occurred to machinery, propulsion, (Enroute) Baltic Sea (Southern Part).
Pub. 140
Sweden 691
Appendix—Table of Equivalences Between Ice Class Notations
Equivalences Between Ice Class Notations

Equivalent
Finnish-
Ice Class Notation
Swedish
Ice Class
American Bureau of Shipping
2.1.1 A1 (E) II
2.1.2 Vessels with classification drawings approved before 1 May 1971:
A1 (E) Ice Strengthening Class A IA
A1 (E) Ice Strengthening Class B IB
A1 (E) Ice Strengthening Class C IC
2.1.3 Vessels with classification drawings approved on or after 1 May 1971:
A1 (E) Ice Strengthening Class IAA IA Super
A1 (E) Ice Strengthening Class IA IA
A1 (E) Ice Strengthening Class IB IB
A1 (E) Ice Strengthening Class IC IC
2.1.4 A1 (E) Ice Strengthening Class IAA IA Super
A1 (E) Ice Strengthening Class IA IA
A1 (E) Ice Strengthening Class IB IB
A1 (E) Ice Strengthening Class IC IC
2.1.5 Ice Class IAA IA Super
Ice Class IA IA
Ice Class IB IB
Ice Class IC IC
Bureau Veritas
2.2.1 I 3/3 E II
I 3/3 glace I Super IA Super
I 3/3 glace I IA
I 3/3 glace II IB
I 3/3 glace III IC
Notations listed in 2.2.2 above II
I 3/3 E Ice Class IA Super IA Super
I 3/3 Ice Class IA IA
I 3/3 Ice Class IB IB
I 3/3 Ice Class IC IC
2.2.4 Ice Class IA Super IA Super
Ice Class IA IA
Ice Class IB IB
Ice Class IC IC
Pub. 140
692 Sweden

Equivalent
Finnish-
Ice Class Notation
Swedish
Ice Class
China Classification Society
2.3.1 Ice Class B1* IA Super
Ice Class B1 IA
Ice Class B2 IB
Ice Class B3 IC
Ice Class B II
Den Norske Veritas
2.4.1 1A1 II
1A1 Ice A IA
1A1 Ice B IB
1A1 Ice C IC
1A1 Ice 1A* IA Super
1A1 Ice 1A IA
1A1 Ice 1B IB
1A1 Ice 1C IC
2.4.4 ICE-1A* IA Super
ICE-1A IA
ICE-1B IB
ICE-1C IC
Germanischer Lloyd
2.5.1 100 A5 II
2.5.2 100A5 E4 IA Super
100A5 E3 IA
100A5 E2 IB
100A5 E1 IC
2.5.3 100A5 EO4, EO3, EO2, EO1 II
2.5.4 E4 IA Super
E3 IA
E2 IB
E1 IC
IACS Polar Rules
2.6.1 PC6 1 IA Super
PC7 1 IA
Pub. 140
Sweden 693

Equivalent
Finnish-
Ice Class Notation
Swedish
Ice Class
1 The equivalence may be granted provided that the engine output of the ship complies with the re-
quirements of Chapter 3 in TSFS 2009:111.
Korean Register of Shipping
2.7.1 IA Super IA Super
IA IA
IB IB
IC IC
ID II
Lloyd’s Register
2.8.1 100 A1 II
100 A1 Ice Class 1* IA Super
100 A1 Ice Class 1 IA
100 A1 Ice Class 2 IB
100 A1 Ice Class 3 IC
100 A1 Strengthened for Ice Navigation IC
100 A1 Ice Class 1AS IA Super
100 A1 Ice Class 1A IA
100 A1 Ice Class 1B IB
100 A1 Ice Class 1C IC
100 A1 Ice Class 1D II
2.8.4 100A1 Ice Class 1AS FS(+) IA Super
100A1 Ice Class 1A FS(+) IA
100A1 Ice Class 1B FS(+) IB
100A1 Ice Class 1C FS(+) IC
100A1 Ice Class 1AS FS IA Super
100A1 Ice Class 1A FS IA
100A1 Ice Class 1B FS IB
100A1 Ice Class 1C FS IC
100A1 Ice Class 1D II
100A1 Ice Class 1E II
Nippom Kaiji Kyokai
2.9.1 NS* II
NS II
Pub. 140
Equivalent
Finnish-
Ice Class Notation
Swedish
Ice Class
2.9.2 NS* Class IA Super Ice Strengthening IA Super
NS Class IA Super Ice Strengthening IA Super
NS* Class IA Ice Strengthening IA
NS Class IA Ice Strengthening IA
NS* Class IB Ice Strengthening IB
NS Class IB Ice Strengthening IB
NS* Class IC Ice Strengthening IC
NS Class IC Ice Strengthening IC
NS* Class ID Ice Strengthening II
NS Class ID Ice Strengthening II
Polski Rejestr Statkow
2.10.1 KM II
2.10.2 KM L1A, YL 1 IA Super
KM L1 1 IA
KM L2 1 IB
KM L3 1 IC
KM L4 II
2.10.3 L1A IA Super
L1 IA
L2 IB
L3 IC
L4 II
1
The equivalence may be granted provided that the engine output of the ship complies with the re-
Registro Italiano Navale
2.11.1 Ships for which the midship section has been approved before 1 June 2000:
100A—1.1 II
Ships contracted for construction on or after 1 June 2000:
C+ II
2.11.2 Ships for which the midship section has been approved before 1 March 1989:
100A—1.1 RG1* IA Super
100A—1.1 RG1 IA
100A—1.1 RG2 IB
100A—1.1 RG3 IC
2.11.3 Ships for which the midship section has been approved on or after 1 March 1989 but
before 1 June 2000:
IAS IA Super
IA IA
IB IB
IC IC
Sweden 695

Equivalent
Finnish-
Ice Class Notation
Swedish
Ice Class
2.11.4 Ships contracted for construction on or after 1 June 2000:
Ice Class IA Super IA Super
Ice Class IA IA
Ice Class IB IB
Ice Class IC IC
Russian Maritime Register of Shipping
2.12.1 KM II
2.12.2 KM ULA 1 IA Super
KM UL 1 IA Super
KM L1 1 IA
KM L2 1 IB
KM L3 1 IC
KM L4 II
2.12.3 LU7 1 IA Super
LU6 1 IA Super
LU5 1 IA Super
LU4 1 IA
LU3 1 IB
LU2 1 IC
LU1 II
2.12.4 Arc 7 1 IA Super
Arc 6 1 IA Super
Arc 5 IA Super
Arc 4 1 IA
Ice 3 1 IB
Ice 2 1 IC
Ice 1 II
1
The equivalence may be granted provided that the engine output of the ship complies with the re-
Pub. 140
697
SYRIA
General 697 No. 1 for further IALA Buoyage System information.

Buoyage System 697
Currency 697
Government 697 Locust Reports
Holidays 698 See North Atlantic Ocean—Cautions for further informa-
Industries 698 tion.
Languages 698 Miscellaneous
Pilotage 698 Areas prohibited to navigation may extend up to 12 miles off
Pollution 698 the Syrian coast. Vessels navigating off the Syrian coast or
Regulations 698 bound for Syrian ports should obtain the latest information
Search and Rescue 699 from their agents.
Signals 699
Time Zone 699 Currency
U.S. Embassy 699
The official unit of currency is the Syrian pound, consisting
General of 100 piastres.
Syria is located in the Middle East bordering the Mediterra- Government

nean Sea, between Lebanon and Turkey.
Syria is a republic under an authoritarian military regime
The climate is mostly desert with hot dry sunny summers since March 1963. The country is divided into 14 provinces.
and mild rainy winters along the coast. Syria is governed by a President appointed by the People’s
The terrain is primarily semi-arid and desert plateau, with Council, and approved by a popular referendum, for a 7-year
narrow coastal plains rising to mountains in the W. term. The President appoints the Prime Minister and the Coun-
cil of Ministers. The People’s Council is composed of 250 di-
Buoyage System rectly-elected members serving 4-year terms.
The legal system is based on Islamic law and local civil law.
IALA Buoyage System (Region A) is in effect. See Chart The capital is Damascus.
Pub. 140
698 Syria
Enroute Volume
nean.
Maritime Claims
The maritime territorial claims of Syria are, as follows:

Flag of Syria Fisheries or Economic 200 miles.
Zone
Holidays
The following holidays are observed: of Exploitation.
* Claims straight baselines. Requires advance permission
January 1 New Year’s Day or notification for innocent passage of warships in the ter-
February 22 Unity Day ritorial sea.
March 8 Revolution Day
Pilotage
March 22 Arab League Day
Easter Sunday (Catholic) Variable Vessels calling at Syrian ports should contact the appropriate
pilot station or signal tower when entering Syrian territorial
Easter Sunday (Orthodox) Variable waters and give the following information:
April 17 Independence Day 1. Ship’s name.
2. Nationality.
May 1 Labor Day 3. Nature of cargo.
May 6 Martyrs’ Day 4. ETA at the Waiting Zone.
Pollution
Islamic holidays, which are subject to the appearance of the MARPOL Special Area
moon, include Eid Al-Fitr (End of Ramadan), Eid Al-Adha The Mediterranean Sea has been designated as a MARPOL
(End of Pilgrimage), Hijrah (Islamic New Year), and the Special Area. MARPOL Special Areas are sea areas where
Prophet’s Birthday. special mandatory methods for the prevention of oil pollution
Industries Further information can be found in North Atlantic
The main industries are agriculture, petroleum, textiles, food
processing, beverages, tobacco, phosphate rock mining, ce- Regulations
ment, oil seeds, and vehicle assembly.
The main exports are crude oil, petroleum products, miner- Vessels calling at Syrian ports are required to communicate
als, fruits and vegetables, cotton fiber, textiles, clothing, meat, the following information, through a Syrian coast radio station,
livestock, and wheat. The main export-trading partners are when 50 miles off the Syrian coast:
Iraq, Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, and the United Arab Emirates. 1. Ship’s name (and former name, if any).
The main imports are machinery and transport equipment, 2. Nationality.
electric power machinery, food, livestock, metal and metal 3. Characteristics (i.e. type of vessel).
products, chemicals and chemical products, plastics, yarn, and 4. Position and time.
paper. The main import trading partners are Saudi Arabia, the 5. Maritime passage (route) to port of call.
United Arab Emirates, Iran, Turkey, Iraq, and China. 6. Speed.
When entering Syrian territorial waters, vessels should pass
Languages the following information to the appropriate pilot station or
signal tower:
Arabic is the official language. Kurdish, Armenian, Aramaic, 1. Ship’s name.
Circassian, and French are widely understood. 2. Nationality.
Pub. 140
Syria 699
3. Nature of cargo. ings Time (CHARLIE (-3)) is maintained from the end of
4. ETA at the Waiting Zone. March until the end of October; the exact changeover dates
Normal international courtesies, such as flying the flag of should be obtained from local authorities
Syria at the foremast, should be carefully adhered to while in
the waters and ports of Syria U.S. Embassy
Vessels approaching the following Syrian ports are required
to use the charted approach routes: The U.S. Embassy is situated at Abou Roumaneh, Al-Mans-
1. Al Ladhiqiyah (35°32'N., 35°47'E.). ur Street, No. 2, Damascus.
2. Baniyas Oil Terminal (35°11'N., 35°57'E.). The mailing address is P.O. Box 29, Damascus.
3. Tartus (34°51'N., 35°52'E.).
Search and Rescue U. S. Embassy Syria Home Page
http://sy.usembassy.gov
The General Director of Ports in Lattakia is responsible for
coordinating search and rescue operations in Syrian waters.
The Maritime Rescue Coordination Center (MRCC) Syria can Note.—The embassy has been closed since February 2012.
be contacted by telephone (963-41-233333, 963-41-233876,
and 963-41-235890). Syria Port Signals
A network of coast radio stations maintains a continuous lis-
tening watch on international distress frequencies. Sound signal Light signal Meaning
Six flashes from Attacked by
Signals Six short blasts
the foremast thieves
Signals used in Syrian ports are given in the table titled Syr-
Fire on board
ia Port Signals. Six long blasts Six long flashes
or alongside
Time Zone Two long blasts Two long flashes Serious injury
Four long blasts Four long flashes Stranding
Pub. 140
701
TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO
Buoyage System 701
Currency 701
Government 701 High Speed Craft
Holidays 702 High speed craft operate between Scarborough, Tobago and
Industries 702 Port of Spain, Trinidad and transit Boca de Huevos and Boca
Languages 702 de Navios.
Pilotage 702
Currency
Pollution 703 The official unit of currency is the Trinidad and Tobago dol-
Regulations 703 lar, consisting of 100 cents.
Signals 703
Government
Signals 703
Time Zone 703
U.S. Embassy 703
General
Trinidad and Tobago are two islands located in the Caribbe-
an Sea NE of Venezuela.
The climate is tropical and humid, with a rainy season from
June to December.
The terrain is mostly plains, with some hills and low moun-
tains.
Flag of Trinidad and Tobago
Buoyage System
Trinidad and Tobago is a parliamentary democracy. The
The IALA Buoyage System (Region B) is in effect. See country is divided into nine regional corporations, three bor-
Pub. 140
702 Trinidad and Tobago
ough corporations, two city corporations, and one ward. Navigational Information
Trinidad and Tobago is governed by a President, elected by
the Parliament, who serves a 5-year term. The bicameral Par- Enroute Volumes
liament consists of an appointed 31-member Senate, serving 5- Pub. 148, Sailing Directions (Enroute) Caribbean Sea Vol-
year terms, and a 41-member directly-elected House of Repre- ume 2.
sentatives, serving 5 year terms.
The legal system is based on English common law. Maritime Claims
The capital is at Port-of-Spain, on the island of Trinidad. The maritime territorial claims of Trinidad and Tobago are,
as follows:
Holidays
January 1 New Year’s Day Fisheries or Economic 200 miles.
Zone
March 30 Liberation Day (Shout-
er Day) Continental Shelf 200 miles or the Continen-
tal Margin.
* Claims archipelagic status.
Easter Monday Variable Maritime Boundary Disputes
May 30 Indian Arrival Day Barbados is seeking arbitration on the claim that the N limit
of Trinidad and Tobago’s maritime boundary extends into the
Corpus Christi Variable territorial waters of Barbados. Guyana has also expressed its
June 19 Labor Day intention to challenge the boundary claim.
August 1 Emancipation Day
August 31 Independence Day Offshore Drilling
September 24 Republic Day Many drilling platforms, well heads, and pipelines are locat-
Eid Al-Fitr Variable ed off the coasts of Trinidad, especially in the Gulf of Paria.
Soldado Oil Field, the largest field lies up to 10 miles off the
Divali Variable coast between Point Fortin (10°11.2'N., 61°41.7'W.) and Icacos
December 25 Christmas Day Point (10°03.6'N., 61°54.7'W.). The oil field has been declared
a restricted area and navigation is prohibited to all vessels not
December 26 Boxing Day involved with oil field operations.
An extensive area of oil and gas production platforms lies up
Industries to 22 miles ENE and 32 miles ESE of Galeota Point (10°09'N.,
60°00'W.), the SE extremity of Trinidad.
The main industries are petroleum and petroleum products, Caution should be exercised off the S coast of Trinidad and
LNG, methanol, ammonia, urea, steel products, food process- in the approaches to Serpent’s Mouth as many of the structures
ing, cement, beverages, and cotton textiles. in theses areas are uncharted.
The main exports are petroleum and petroleum products, liq- Orchid Gas Field, Poinsettia Gas Field, Hibiscus Gas Field,
uefied natural gas (LNG), methanol, ammonia, urea, steel and Chaconia Gas Field have been established between 18 and
products, beverages, cereal and cereal products, cocoa, fish, 20 miles off the N coast of Trinidad. Exploration rigs and sup-
preserved fruit, cosmetics, household cleaners, and plastic port vessels may be encountered in these fields.
packaging The main export-trading partners are the United
States, Argentina, Brazil, Chile, the Dominican Republic, and Pilotage
Barbados.
The main imports are mineral fuels, lubricants, machinery, Pilotage is compulsory for Grier Channel leading to the deep
transportation equipment, manufactured goods, food, chemi- water wharves at Port of Spain and for berthing at Chaguara-
cals, and livestock. The main import-trading partners are the mas Bay, Cronstadt, Tembladora Terminal, Lisas Point Port,
United States, China, and Gabon. Point Lisas Industrial Port, Pointe-A-Pierre, Brighton and La
Brea, Point Fortin, and the SBM at Galeota Terminal.
Languages If a pilot is required elsewhere, agents, if informed 48 hours
in advance, can arrange for a pilot to board off the entrances to
English is the official language. Other languages spoken in- the Gulf of Paria (10°20'N., 62°00'W.) or off Five Islands for
clude Hindi, French, and Spanish. the Port of Spain roadstead.
Pub. 140
Trinidad and Tobago 703
Pollution Ship Reporting System

Heavy fines may be assessed for any discharge of oil into the CARICOM (Caribbean Community) Advance Passenger
territorial waters of Trinidad and Tobago. Information System (APIS)
Regulations crew to the Joint Regional Communications Center (JRCC)
Pratique.—The Port Health Officer will board vessels at an CARICOM area. Further information can be found in Carib-
anchorage only if the vessel has arrived from an infected port; bean Sea—Ship Reporting System.
otherwise the Immigration Officer grants pratique when board-
ing with customs officials at an alongside berth. Signals
The standard quarantine message should be addressed to The following signals are shown as a hurricane (winds
“Quarantine Trinidad.” speeds of 64 knots and over) warning:
1. Day signal—Black cross.
2. Night signal—One red light over one white light.
Search and Rescue
Time Zone
The Trinidad and Tobago Coast Guard (MRCC Port of
Spain) is responsible for coordinating search and rescue opera- The Time Zone description is QUEBEC (+4). Daylight Sav-
tions, and can be contacted, as follows: ings Time is not observed.
1. Telephone: 1-868-6341476 (SAR direct line)
1-868-6344440 (SAR direct line) U.S. Embassy
1-868-6254939
1-868-6342718 The U.S. Embassy is situated at 15 Queen’s Park West, Port-
1-868-6344439 of-Spain.
2. Facsimile: 1-868-6344944 The mailing addresses are, as follows:
3. E-mail: [email protected] 1. Trinidad and Tobago address—
P.O. Box 752
North Post Trinidad Coast Radio Station (9YL) maintains a Port-of-Spain
continuous listening watch for distress traffic on 2182 kHz and 2. U. S. address—
VHF channel 16, and can be contacted, as follows: Department of State
1. Telephone: 1-868-6374474 3410 Port of Spain Place
1-868-6330059 Washington, DC (20521)
1-868-6379104
1-868-6325879 U. S. Embassy Trinidad and Tobago Home Page
2. Facsimile: 1-868-6379104 http://tt.usembassy.gov
Pub. 140
705
TUNISIA
General 705 General

Buoyage System 705
Cautions 705 Tunisia is located in North Africa, bordering the Mediterra-
Currency 706 nean Sea between Algeria and Libya.
Firing Areas 706 The climate is temperate in the N with mild rainy winters
Fishing Areas 706 and hot dry summers.
Government 706 The terrain is mountainous in the N with a hot dry central
Holidays 706 plain.
Industries 706
Languages 706 Buoyage System
Navigational Information 707 The IALA Buoyage System (Region A) is in effect. See
Offshore Drilling 707 Chart No. 1 for further IALA Buoyage System information.
Pollution 707
Regulations 707 Cautions
Time Zone 707 Locust Reports
Traffic Separation Schemes 707 See North Atlantic Ocean—Cautions for further informa-
U.S. Embassy 707 tion.
Pub. 140
706 Tunisia
Currency
The official unit of currency is the Tunisian dinar, consisting
of 1,000 millimes.
Firing Areas
Banzart (Bizerte) Exercise Area
A dangerous area exists to the NNE of Banzart. This area is
used by the Tunisian Navy for firing practice and is bounded
by the parallels 37°45'N and 38°00'N, and the meridians
10°15'E and 10°30'E.
The firing practices are announced by Tunis Radio on the Flag of Tunisia
eve and the day of the exercise.
5-year term. The Prime Minister is appointed by the President.
The unicameral Constituent Assembly is composed of 217 di-
Susah (Sousse) Exercise Area
rectly-elected members serving 5-year terms.
A dangerous area exists to the ESE of Susah. This area is
The legal system is based on Islamic law and French civil
used by the Tunisian Navy for firing practice and is bounded
law.
by the parallels 35°30'N and 35°40'N, and by the meridians
The capital is Tunis.
11°30'E and 11°50'E.
The firing practices are announced by Tunis Radio on the
eve and the day of the exercise.
Holidays
Fishing Areas The following holidays are observed:
Tunny Fishing
For general information on tunny fishing, see Spain—Fish- January 1 New Year’s Day
ing Areas. March 20 Independence Day
March 21 Youth Day
Tunny Net Areas
Onshore tunny nets are marked by masonry beacons, 2.1m April 9 Martyr’s Day
high, surmounted by two spherical top marks, the upper one May 1 Labor Day
white and the lower one red. At sea, tunny nets are marked by
buoys, surmounted by a white ball over a red ball, that mark the July 25 Proclamation of the Re-
limits of the areas occupied by the nets, corresponding to the public
beacons on shore. August 13 Women’s Day
The seaward extremities of the nets are marked by a light-
boat, showing by day a white ball over a red ball, and at night November 7 Commemoration Day
two fixed lights, the upper white and the lower red.
The lightboat may be replaced by a lighted buoy showing the Islamic holidays, which are subject to the appearance of the
same signals. moon, include Eid Al-Fitr (End of Ramadan), Eid Al-Adha
Tunny nets may be set from April to August in the NE part (End of Pilgrimage), Hijrah (Islamic New Year), and the
of Golfe de Tunis at the following locations: Prophet’s Birthday.
1. Sidi Daoud (37°00'N., 10°54'E.) (PA).
2. Ras el Ahmar (37°03'N., 10°54'E.) (PA). Industries
3. El Haouaria (37°03'N., 10°59'E.) (PA).
The positions and lengths of the tunny nets can vary from The main industries are petroleum, mining (phosphate and
one year to the next. Vessels should give the nets a wide berth iron ore), tourism, textiles, footwear, agriculture, and beverag-
and keep watch, in particular, for the tunny net of Ras el Ah- es.
mar, the end of which lies 1.4 miles S of the islet of Zembretta. The main exports are clothing, semi-finished goods and tex-
This net is marked by a N cardinal lighted buoy. tiles, agricultural products, mechanical goods, phosphates,
Tunny nets may be set from April to August in the following chemicals, hydrocarbons, and electrical equipment. The main
areas: export-trading partners are France, Italy, Germany, and Libya.
1. North of Munastir (35°47'N., 10°50'E.). The main imports are textiles, machinery and equipment, hy-
2. Northnorthwest of Ile Kuriat (35°48'N., 11°01'E.). drocarbons, chemicals, and food. The main import-trading
partners are France, Italy, Algeria, Germany, and China.
Government
Languages
Tunisia is a republic. The country is divided into 24 gover-
nates. Arabic is the official language. French is also spoken com-
Tunisia is governed by a directly-elected President serving a mercially.
Pub. 140
Tunisia 707
Navigational Information sian ports are in effect and restrict the first entry to those ports
which have a Customs Officer.
Enroute Volume
nean. Search and Rescue
Maritime Claims The Tunisian navy is responsible for search and rescue oper-
The maritime territorial claims of Tunisia are, as follows: ations in Tunisian waters. Maritime Rescue Coordination Cen-
ter Tunis can be contacted, as follows:
Territorial Sea * 12 miles. 1. Telephone: 216-71-560240
216-71-560244
Contiguous Zone 24 miles. 2. Facsimile: 216-71-561804
Fisheries or Economic 200 miles. ** A network of coast radio stations maintains a continuous lis-
Zone tening watch on international distress frequencies.
A lifesaving station is located at Sfax (34°44'N., 10°46'E.).
* Claims straight baselines enclosing Khalij Tunis and
Khalij Gabes as internal waters.
Time Zone
** To fixed limits in coordination with neighboring states.
The Time Zone description is ALFA (-1). Daylight Savings
Offshore Drilling Time is not observed.
Oil exploration is taking place off the coast of Tunisia. Oil

platforms have been established off the W coast of Ile Chergu. Traffic Separation Schemes
Pollution Traffic Separation Schemes (TSS) in Tunisia are, as follows:

1. Off Iles Cani. (IMO adopted)
MARPOL Special Area 2. Off Ras at Tib (Cap Bon). (IMO adopted)
Special Area. MARPOL Special Areas are sea areas where U.S. Embassy
in the sea have been adopted. The U.S. Embassy is situated at Zone Nord-Est les Berges du
Further information can be found in North Atlantic Lac Nord de Tunis 1053.
Ocean—Pollution—MARPOL Special Areas. The mailing address is the same.
Regulations U. S. Embassy Tunisia Home Page

http://tn.usembassy.gov
Regulations concerning foreign pleasure craft entering Tuni-
Pub. 140
709
TURKEY
General 709 General

Buoyage System 709
Cautions 709 Turkey is located in southwest Asia, bordering the Black
Sea, between Bulgaria and Georgia, and the Aegean Sea and
Currency 710 the Mediterranean Sea, between Greece and Syria.
Firing Areas 710 The climate is temperate with hot dry summers and mild wet
Government 715 winters.
Holidays 716 The terrain is mostly mountainous, with narrow coastal
Ice 716 plains and a high central plateau.
Industries 716
Languages 716 Buoyage System
Meteorology 716
Mined Areas 716 The IALA Buoyage System (Region A) is in effect. See
Pilotage 716 Cautions
Pollution 720
Regulations 720 Locust Reports
Search and Rescue 721 See North Atlantic Ocean—Cautions for further informa-
Ship Reporting System 721 tion.
Signals 721
Submarine Operating Areas 721 Marine Farms
Tides 722 Marine farms and their associated moorings may be found
Time Zone 722 anywhere close inshore on the Aegean Sea coast of Turkey.
Traffic Separation Schemes 722
U.S. Embassy 722 Bridges in and Near Istanbul
Vessel Traffic Service 723 Three bridges cross Istanbul Bogazi in the vicinity of Istan-
bul, as follows:
Appendix I—Turkish Straits Vessel Traffic Service 1. The Bogazi Bridge, a suspension bridge, crosses from
(TSVTS) and Reporting System (TUBRAP) 725 Ortako (41°03'N., 29°02'E.) on the European shore to Bey-
Appendix II—Turkish Strait VTS and Reporting System— lerhei on the Asiatic shore. There is a vertical clearance of
Sector Information 729 58m at each end. Although there is a vertical clearance of
Appendix III—Izmit VTS (IZMITRAP) 731 64m over a central width of 400m, the safe passage height is
Appendix IV—Naval Prohibited Areas and Maritime still only 58m.
Special Security Areas 733 2. The Fatih Sultan Bridge, a suspension bridge, crosses
Pub. 140
710 Turkey
from Rumelihisari (41°05.5'N., 29°03.5'E.) on the European Firing and Training Areas in the Aegean Sea
shore to a point close S of Kanlica Koyu on the Asiatic Area 61 (Saros).—The area E of the line connecting posi-
shore. Although there is a vertical clearance of 67.6m over a tion 40°37'00''N, 26°04'42''E (on the coast) and position
central width of 400m, the safe passage height is only 64.0m. 40°19'00''N, 26°13'00''E (Buyukkemikli Burnu Light).
3. The Yavuz Sultan Bridge crosses from Cali Burnu
(41°12.4'N., 29°06.3'E.) on the European shore to Fil Burnu Area 62 (Meric).—Area bounded by lines joining the fol-
on the Asiatic shore and has a vertical clearance of 66m. lowing positions:
Vessels with a vertical clearance of 58m or greater are pro- a. 40°37'00''N, 26°04'42''E.
hibited from transiting Istanbul Bogazi. Vessels with a vertical b. 40°37'00''N, 25°58'00''E.
clearance of between 54m and 58m are required to have tug as- c. 40°19'00''N, 25°58'00''E.
sistance when transiting Istanbul Bogazi. d. 40°19'00''N, 26°13'00''E.
The Osman Gazi Bridge, a suspension bridge, spans Izmit
Korfezi between Dil Burnu and Kaba Burun. The vertical Area 63 (Anafarta).—Area bounded on the E by the shore-
clearance at the center of the span is 60m. Vessels with an air line, on the N by latitude 40°19'N, on the W by longitude
draft between 56m and 60m must consult with local officials 26°03'E, and on the S by latitude 40°08'N.
prior to transiting under the bridge.
Area 64 (Mehmetcik).—Area bounded on the E by the
Local Magnetic Anomalies shoreline, on the N by latitude 40°08.0'N, on the W by longi-
A local magnetic anomaly, which can amount to a difference tude 26°03.0'E, and on the S by latitude 40°02.5'N.
of as much as 2.5° from normal, has been reported on the
Black Sea coast of Turkey off Boztepe Burnu (42°01'N., Area 65 (Kumkale).—Area bounded on the E by the shore-
35°12'E.). line, on the N by latitude 40°00'N, on the W by longitude
Local compass deflections have been reported in Marmara 26°00'E, and on the S by latitude 39°53'N.
Denizi in the vicinity of Imrali Adasi (40°35'N., 28°32'E.) and
ion the channels S of the island. Area 66 (West of Kumkale).—Area bounded by lines join-
Hazardous Operations Areas a. 40°00'N, 26°00'E.
Hazardous Operations Areas, which are active year round b. 40°00'N, 25°43'E.
from 0500 UTC to 1600 UTC daily, excluding weekends, are c. 39°53'N, 25°43'E.
located in the central Aegean Sea, as follows: d. 39°53'N, 26°00'E.
1. Area 1.—Bounded by lines joining the following posi-
tions: Area 67 (North Aegean Sea).—Area bounded by lines join-
a. 40°35.0'N, 24°58.0'E. ing the following positions:
b. 40°11.0'N, 24°33.0'E. a. 40°35'N, 24°58'E.
c. 40°09.0'N, 24°45.0'E. b. 40°15'N, 25°35'E.
d. 40°20.0'N, 24°56.0'E. c. 40°09'N, 25°29'E.
e. 40°07.0'N, 25°33.0'E. d. 40°09'N, 25°00'E.
f. 40°16.5'N, 25°39.0'E. e. 40°18'N, 24°43'E.
g. 40°18.0'N, 25°30.0'E.
2. Area 2.—Bounded by lines joining the following posi- Area 68 (North Aegean Sea).—Area bounded by lines join-
tions: ing the following positions:
a. 37°27.0'N, 24°17.0'E. a. 40°18'N, 24°43'E.
b. 37°24.0'N, 25°04.0'E. b. 40°09'N, 25°00'E.
c. 37°24.0'N, 24°00.0'E. c. 39°41'N, 24°35'E.
d. 37°05.0'N, 24°09.0'E. d. 39°57'N, 24°23'E.
e. 37°08.5'N, 24°27.5'E.
Area 69 (Ezine).—Area bounded by lines joining the fol-
lowing positions:.
Currency a. 39°48'00''N, 26°09'21''E.
b. 39°48'00''N, 25°43'00''E.
The official unit of currency is the new Turkish lira, consist- c. 39°23'00''N, 25°15'00''E.
ing of 100 kurus. d. 39°15'00''N, 25°38'00''E.
e. 39°29'00''N, 25°53'00''E.
Firing Areas f. 39°29'00''N, 26°04'00''E.
Training and firing exercises are announced at least 3 days Area 70 (Central Aegean Sea).—Area bounded by lines
prior to the training by Turkish radio stations and stations joining the following positions:
broadcasting navigational warnings. a. 39°23'N, 25°15'E.
Mariners are warned that if a training and firing exercise ar- b. 39°15'N, 25°38'E.
ea, announced by notice, is entered, the responsibility for any c. 39°04'N, 25°42'E.
damage incurred lies with the ship entering the area. d. 38°56'N, 25°25'E.
Pub. 140
Turkey 711
e. 39°09'N, 25°08'E. Area 75 (Central Aegean Sea).—Area bounded by lines

Area 71 (Central Aegean Sea).—Area bounded by lines a. 38°45'N, 25°21'E.
joining the following positions: b. 38°45'N, 24°52'E.
a. 39°21'N, 24°46'E. c. 38°18'N, 24°52'E.
b. 39°06'N, 25°06'E. d. 38°18'N, 25°21'E.
c. 38°54'N, 24°52'E.
d. 39°09'N, 24°32'E. Area 76 (Sigacik Korfezi).—Area bounded by lines joining
Area 72 (Foka).—Area bounded by lines joining the follow- a. 38°07'00''N, 26°47'00''E.
ing positions: b. 38°07'00''N, 26°26'00''E.
a. 38°51'00''N, 26°19'00''E. c. 37°56'00''N, 26°37'40''E.
b. 38°51'00''N, 26°36'00''E. d. 37°56'00''N, 26°58'00''E.
c. 38°58'00''N, 26°48'00''E.
d. 38°40'00''N, 26°40'30''E. Area 77 (Cesme).—Area bounded by lines joining the fol-
e. 38°42'00''N, 26°19'00''E. lowing positions:
a. 38°07'00''N, 26°26'00''E.
Area 72-I (Foka).—Area bounded by lines joining the fol- b. 38°00'00''N, 25°58'00''E.
lowing positions: c. 37°45'30''N, 25°58'00''E.
a. 38°40'50''N, 26°34'00''E. d. 37°56'00''N, 26°37'40''E.
b. 38°51'00''N, 26°36'06''E.
c. 38°51'15''N, 26°46'15''E. Area 78 (Central Aegean Sea).—Area bounded by lines
d. 38°44'30''N, 26°45'00''E. joining the following positions:
e. 38°40'00''N, 26°44'30''E. a. 38°00'00''N, 25°58'00''E.
b. 38°00'00''N, 25°10'00''E.
Area 72-II (Foka).—Area bounded by lines joining the fol- c. 37°38'30''N, 25°30'00''E.
lowing positions: d. 37°45'30''N, 25°58'00''E.
a. 38°40'40''N, 26°36'00''E.
b. 38°49'10''N, 26°36'00''E. Area 79 (Kusadasi Korfezi).—Area bounded by lines join-
c. 38°49'10''N, 26°44'30''E. ing the following positions:
d. 38°44'30''N, 26°44'30''E. a. 38°09'41''N, 26°46'19''E. (Cape Killik)
e. 38°40'00''N, 26°44'30''E. b. 38°00'55''N, 26°32'30''E.
c. 37°56'03''N, 26°37'43''E.
Area 73 (Kara Burun).—Area bounded by lines joining the d. 37°56'03''N, 26°51'54''E.
following positions: e. 37°56'03''N, 26°52'19''E. Cape Dogenby)
a. 39°00'N, 25°48'E.
b. 38°51'N, 26°19'E. Area 80 (Kusadasi Korfezi).—Area bounded by lines join-
c. 38°42'N, 26°19'E. ing the following positions:
d. 38°45'N, 25°41'E. a. 38°08'00''N, 26°44'00''E.
b. 38°08'00''N, 26°57'00''E.
Area 73-I (Kara Burun).—Area bounded by lines joining c. 38°03'00''N, 26°57'00''E.
the following positions: d. 38°03'00''N, 26°48'00''E.
a. 39°00'00''N, 25°48'00''E.
b. 38°45'00''N, 25°41'00''E. Area 81 (Kusadasi Korfezi).—Area bounded by lines join-
c. 38°42'44''N, 26°10'00''E. ing the following positions:
d. 38°53'32''N, 26°10'00''E. a. 38°18'00''N, 26°13'00''E.
b. 38°18'00''N, 27°16'00''E.
Area 74 (Uzun Ada).—Area bounded by lines joining the c. 37°55'12''N, 27°16'00''E.
following positions: d. 37°55'12''N, 26°13'00''E.
a. 38°40'00''N, 26°44'30''E.
b. 38°40'40''N, 26°35'30''E. Area 82 (Enez).—Area bounded by lines joining the follow-
c. 38°28'00''N, 26°41'00''E. ing positions:
d. 38°28'00''N, 26°50'00''E. a. 40°19'00''N, 25°58'00''E.
b. 40°19'00''N, 26°13'00''E.
Area 74-I (Uzun Ada).—Area bounded by lines joining the c. 40°22'00''N, 26°20'00''E.
a. 38°40'50''N, 26°34'00''E. e. 40°37'00''N, 25°58'00''E.
b. 38°40'00''N, 26°44'30''E.
c. 38°37'06''N, 26°46'00''E. Area 83 (Enez).—Area bounded by lines joining the follow-
d. 38°33'45''N, 26°38'45''E. ing positions:
Pub. 140
712 Turkey
a. 40°22'00''N, 26°20'00''E. the following positions:
b. 40°35'00''N, 26°51'00''E. a. 36°30'N, 28°34'E.
c. 40°39'00''N, 26°49'00''E. b. 36°23'N, 28°34'E.
d. 40°37'40''N, 26°20'00''E. c. 36°09'N, 29°19'E.
d. 36°25'N, 29°19'E.
Area SAT 1 (Izmir).—Area bounded by lines joining the
following positions: Area A-091-III (Fethiye).—Area bounded by lines joining
a. 38°27'26''N, 26°42'48''E. the following positions:
b. 38°27'21''N, 26°43'29''E. a. 36°28'36.0''N, 28°46'27.6''E.
c. 38°27'22''N, 26°44'34''E. b. 36°20'00.0''N, 28°43'48.0''E.
d. 38°27'55''N, 26°45'20''E. c. 36°09'00.0''N, 29°19'00.0''E.
e. 38°28'14''N, 26°45'31''E. d. 36°25'00.0''N, 29°19'00.0''E.
f. 38°29'05''N, 26°45'31''E.
g. 38°30'00''N, 26°44'57''E. Area A-092 (Toros).—Area bounded by lines joining the
h. 38°31'26''N, 26°44'34''E. following positions:
i. 38°31'59''N, 26°44'31''E. a. 35°28'N, 28°43'E.
j. 38°32'31''N, 26°43'54''E. b. 35°53'N, 28°21'E.
k. 38°33'11''N, 26°42'47''E. c. 35°20'N, 27°26'E.
l. 38°33'21''N, 26°41'24''E. d. 34°55'N, 27°49'E.
m. 38°31'58''N, 26°41'07''E.
n. 38°29'48''N, 26°40'53''E. Area A-093 (Marmaris).—Area bounded by lines joining
o. 38°28'33''N, 26°41'10''E. the following positions:
a. 36°41'50''N, 28°22'00''E.
Area SAT 2 (Izmir).—Area bounded by the coast and of the b. 36°43'36''N, 28°22'00''E.
line joining the following positions: c. 36°43'36''N, 28°32'00''E.
a. 38°29'42''N, 26°41'36''E. d. 36°41'50''N, 28°23'00''E.
b. 38°29'42''N, 26°43'54''E.
Area A-64 (South of Antalya Korfezi).—Area bounded by
Air to Air Firing Ranges lines joining the following positions:
Area LT-D1 (Canakkale).—Area bounded by lines joining a. 35°47'24''N, 29°34'30''E.
a. 39°25'N, 25°55'E. c. 35°32'24''N, 30°09'30''E.
b. 39°25'N, 26°02'E. d. 35°32'24''N, 29°34'30''E.
c. 39°46'N, 26°02'E.
d. 39°46'N, 25°55'E. Area A-65 (South of Antalya Korfezi).—Area bounded by
Area LT-D2 (Canakkale).—Area bounded by lines joining a. 35°58'54''N, 30°15'00''E.
a. 40°29'00''N, 26°31'00''E. c. 35°44'54''N, 30°50'00''E.
b. 40°35'30''N, 26°26'00''E. d. 35°44'54''N, 30°15'00''E.
c. 40°35'00''N, 26°20'30''E.
d. 40°25'00''N, 25°58'30''E. Area A-66 (Antalya Korfezi).—Area bounded by lines join-
e. 40°15'45''N, 26°03'00''E. ing the following positions:
a. 36°29'00''N, 30°41'00''E.
Firing and Training Areas in the Mediterranean Sea b. 36°29'00''N, 31°06'00''E.
Area A-091 (Fethiye).—Area bounded by lines joining the c. 36°14'00''N, 31°06'00''E.
a. 36°25'N, 29°19'E.
b. 36°30'N, 28°34'E. Area A-66-I (Antalya Korfezi).—Area bounded by lines
c. 36°00'N, 28°34'E. joining the following positions:
d. 36°00'N, 29°19'E. a. 36°24'00''N, 30°56'30''E.
b. 36°27'00''N, 31°06'00''E.
Area A-091-I (Fethiye).—Area bounded by lines joining the c. 36°14'00''N, 31°06'00''E.
a. 36°25'N, 29°19'E.
b. 36°30'N, 28°34'E. Area A-67 (Antalya Korfezi).—Area bounded by lines join-
c. 36°15'N, 28°34'E. ing the following positions:
d. 36°00'N, 29°00'E. a. 36°42'N, 31°05'E.
e. 36°00'N, 29°19'E. b. 36°37'N, 31°33'E.
c. 36°26'N, 31°30'E.
Area A-091-II (Fethiye).—Area bounded by lines joining d. 36°32'N, 31°02'E.
Pub. 140
Turkey 713
Area A-68 (Antalya Korfezi).—Area bounded by lines join- c. 36°19'N, 31°55'E.

ing the following positions: d. 36°00'N, 32°08'E.
a. 36°19'00''N, 31°13'00''E. e. 36°03'N, 31°04'E.
b. 36°19'00''N, 31°50'00''E.
c. 36°01'00''N, 31°50'00''E. Area A-80 (Marmaris).—Area bounded by lines joining the
d. 36°01'00''N, 31°13'00''E. following positions:
a. 36°50'00''N, 28°22'00''E.
Area A-69 (North of Cyprus).—Area bounded by lines join- b. 36°41'30''N, 28°22'00''E.
ing the following positions: c. 36°41'30''N, 28°32'30''E.
a. 35°56'00''N, 32°30'30''E. d. 36°46'54''N, 28°32'30''E.
b. 35°45'00''N, 33°06'00''E. e. 36°50'00''N, 28°27'06''E.
c. 35°37'00''N, 33°06'00''E.
d. 35°37'00''N, 32°30'30''E. Air-to-Air Firing Ranges
Area LT-D8 (Manavgat).—Area bounded by lines joining
Area A-70 (Mersin).—Area bounded by lines joining the the following positions:
following positions: a. 36°45'N, 31°09'E.
a. 36°24'00''N, 34°29'30''E. b. 36°30'N, 32°00'E.
b. 36°24'00''N, 35°05'30''E. c. 36°23'N, 32°00'E.
c. 36°11'15''N, 35°05'30''E. d. 36°38'N, 31°09'E.
d. 36°11'15''N, 34°29'30''E.
Area LT-D13 (Adana).—Area bounded by lines joining the
Area A-71 (Mersin).—Area bounded by lines joining the following positions:
a. 36°19'N, 35°08'E. b. 36°32'N, 34°42'E.
b. 36°19'N, 35°32'E. c. 36°17'N, 35°24'E.
c. 36°04'N, 35°32'E. d. 36°26'N, 35°29'E.
d. 36°04'N, 35°08'E.
Area LT-D16 (Akdeniz Besadalar).—Area bounded by lines
Area A-72 (Mersin).—Area bounded by lines joining the joining the following positions:
following positions: a. 36°07'50''N, 30°15'55''E.
a. 36°37'00''N, 34°31'00''E. b. 36°17'15''N, 30°21'15''E.
b. 36°24'00''N, 34°36'30''E. c. 36°12'00''N, 30°25'00''E.
c. 36°19'00''N, 34°11'30''E. d. 36°12'30''N, 30°30'00''E.
e. 36°07'30''N, 30°30'00''E.
Area A-76 (Iskenderun Korfezi).—Area bounded by lines
joining the following positions: Firing and Training Areas in the Sea of Marmara
a. 36°15'00''N, 35°49'00''E. A maritime training area in Tuzla Bay is bounded by lines
c. 36°34'45''N, 35°32'00''E. a. 40°48'57.6''N, 29°17'41.4''E.
d. 36°50'00''N, 35°53'00''E. b. 40°48'48.0''N, 29°17'52.2''E.
e. 36°34'48''N, 36°08'00''E. c. 40°48'43.8''N, 29°17'49.8''E.
Area A-77 (West of Fener Burnu).—Area bounded by lines Air to Air Firing Ranges
joining the following positions: Area No. LT-D5 (Marmara Denizi).—Area bounded by
a. 36°37'N, 35°01'E. lines joining the following positions:
b. 36°30'N, 35°20'E. a. 40°38'00''N, 28°07'00''E.
c. 36°26'N, 35°16'E. b. 40°29'30''N, 28°31'00''E.
d. 36°36'N, 34°55'E. c. 40°28'30''N, 28°40'00''E.
d. 40°25'00''N, 28°39'00''E.
Area A-78 (Kirlangic Burnu).—Area bounded by lines join- e. 40°26'00''N, 28°16'00''E.
ing the following positions: f. 40°32'00''N, 28°01'00''E.
a. 36°17'15''N, 30°21'15''E.
b. 36°07'50''N, 30°15'55''E. Area No. LT-D17 (Karadenizi II).—Area bounded by lines
c. 36°07'30''N, 30°30'00''E. joining the following positions:
d. 36°12'30''N, 30°30'00''E. a. 41°56'N, 35°15'E.
e. 36°12'00''N, 30°25'00''E. b. 41°59'N, 35°18'E.
c. 41°47'N, 35°52'E.
Area A-79.—Area bounded by lines joining the following d. 41°43'N, 35°50'E.
positions:
a. 36°28'N, 31°02'E. Firing and Training Areas in the Black Sea
b. 36°31'N, 31°12'E. A maritime training area near Surmene is bounded by lines
Pub. 140
714 Turkey
joining the following positions: Area No. 009 (Alapli).—Area bounded on the S and E by
a. 40°55'19.8''N, 40°12'16.8''E. the shoreline, on the N by latitude 41°20'N, and on the W by
b. 40°55'24.0''N, 40°12'16.8''E. longitude 31°07'E.
c. 40°55'28.8''N, 40°12'30.0''E.
Area No. 010 (Akcakoga).—Area bounded by lines joining
Area No. 001 (Trabzon).—Area bounded by lines joining the following positions:
the following positions: a. 41°15'N, 30°54'E.
a. 41°48'N, 39°00'E. b. 41°15'N, 31°07'E.
b. 41°48'N, 40°20'E. c. 41°08'N, 31°07'E.
c. 41°19'N, 40°20'E. d. 41°08'N, 30°54'E.
d. 41°19'N, 39°00'E.
Area No. 011 (Kefken).—Area bounded by lines joining the
Area No. 002 (Samsun).—Area bounded by lines joining the following positions:
a. 42°26.0'N, 36°00.0'E. b. 41°55'N, 30°58'E.
b. 41°56.0'N, 37°29.0'E. c. 41°33'N, 30°58'E.
c. 41°26.0'N, 37°29.0'E. d. 41°33'N, 29°38'E.
d. 41°56.0'N, 37°00.0'E.
Area A011-I (Kefken).—Area bounded by lines joining the
Area No. 003 (Inebolu).—Area bounded by lines joining the following positions:
a. 42°43.0'N, 33°12.0'E. b. 41°55'N, 30°58'E.
b. 42°13.0'N, 33°12.0'E. c. 41°33'N, 30°58'E.
c. 42°13.0'N, 34°40.0'E. d. 41°33'N, 30°04'E.
d. 42°43.0'N, 34°40.0'E. e. 41°46'N, 29°38'E.
Area No. 004 (Bartin).—Area bounded by lines joining the Area No. 012 (Yesilcay).—Area bounded by the shoreline
following positions: and lines joining the following positions:
a. 42°09.0'N, 31°49.0'E. a. 41°08.5'N, 30°06.0'E. (shore)
b. 41°15.0'N, 32°44.0'E. b. 41°26.0'N, 30°06.0'E.
c. 42°08.0'N, 32°44.0'E. c. 41°26.0'N, 29°37.0'E.
d. 42°41.0'N, 31°49.0'E. d. 41°10.7'N, 29°37.0'E. (shore)
Area No. 005 (Amasra).—Area bounded by lines joining the Area No. 013 (Catal).—Area bounded by the shoreline and
following positions: lines joining the following positions:
a. 41°48.8'N, 32°34.0'E. (shore) a. 41°13'00''N, 29°10'00''E.
b. 42°03.0'N, 32°34.0'E. b. 41°34'00''N, 29°15'00''E.
c. 42°03.0'N, 32°11.0'E. c. 41°34'00''N, 29°35'00''E.
d. 41°38.6'N, 32°11.0'E. (shore) d. 41°10'21''N, 29°35'00''E.
Area No. 006 (Zonguldak).—Area bounded by the shoreline Area No. 014 (Kavak).—Area bounded by the shoreline and
and lines joining the following positions: lines joining the following positions:
a. 41°38.6'N, 32°11.0'E. (shore) a. 41°13.0'N, 29°09.7'E. (shore)
b. 41°55.0'N, 32°11.0'E. b. 41°17.2'N, 29°16.0'E. then the minor arc of a circle
c. 41°55.0'N, 31°49.0'E. with a radius of 15 miles centered on Anadolu Light
d. 41°28.7'N, 31°49.0'E. (shore) (41°13.1'N., 29°09.1'E.) and extending clockwise to position
c. 41°11.3'N, 29°29.0'E. (shore)
Area No. 007 (Kozlu).—Area bounded by the shoreline and
lines joining the following positions: Area No. 015 (Turkeli).—Area bounded by lines the shore-
a. 41°28.7'N, 31°49.0'E. (shore) line and joining the following positions:
b. 41°45.0'N, 31°49.0'E. a. 41°14.2'N, 29°06.8'E. (shore)
c. 41°45.0'N, 31°28.5'E. b. 41°28.1'N, 29°00.7'E. then the minor arc of a circle
d. 41°19.9'N, 31°28.5'E. (shore) with a radius of 15 miles centered on Turkeli Light
(1°14.1'N., 29°06.8'E.) and extending counterclockwise to
Area No. 008 (Eregli).—Area bounded by lines joining the position
following positions: c. 41°18.0'N, 28°48.0'E. (shore)
a. 41°20.0'N, 31°00.0'E.
b. 41°35.0'N, 31°00.0'E. Area No. 016 (Kilyos).—Area bounded by the shoreline and
c. 41°35.0'N, 31°28.5'E. lines joining the following positions:
d. 41°20.0'N, 31°28.5'E. a. 41°19'30''N, 28°45'00''E. (shore)
Pub. 140
Turkey 715
b. 41°43'00''N, 28°45'00''E. a. 41°13'53''N, 29°12'51''E.

c. 41°34'00''N, 29°05'00''E. b. 41°13'32''N, 29°10'00''E.
d. 41°14'07''N, 29°06'59''E. (shore)
Area No. SAS 1 (Boganadasi).—Area bounded by lines
Area No. 017 (Karaburun).—Area bounded by lines joining joining the following positions:
the following positions: a. 41°13'13''N, 29°11'22''E.
a. 41°36'N, 28°28'E. b. 41°13'07''N, 29°11'19''E.
b. 41°29'N, 28°41'E. c. 41°13'09''N, 29°11'07''E.
c. 41°24'N, 28°38'E. d. 41°13'11''N, 29°11'02''E.
d. 41°29'N, 28°25'E. e. 41°13'16''N, 29°11'00''E.
Area No. 018 (Dogu Karadeniz).—Area bounded by lines Air-to-Air Firing Ranges
joining the following positions: Area No. LT-D6 (Karadenizi).—Area bounded by lines
a. 42°59'N, 36°59'E. joining the following positions:
b. 42°59'N, 38°59'E. a. 41°15'N, 30°10'E.
c. 42°26'N, 38°59'E. b. 41°25'N, 30°10'E.
d. 42°26'N, 36°59'E. c. 41°25'N, 31°00'E.
d. 41°15'N, 31°00'E.
Area No. 019 (Patlayici ve Parlayice Maddeler Dokum Sa-
hasi).—Area bounded by lines joining the following positions: Area No. LT-D11 (Sinop).—Area bounded by lines joining
a. 42°35'N, 37°01'E. the following positions:
b. 42°35'N, 37°11'E. a. 42°05'N, 34°00'E.
c. 42°30'N, 37°11'E. b. 42°00'N, 34°00'E.
d. 42°30'N, 37°01'E. c. 42°00'N, 34°50'E.
d. 42°12'N, 35°03'E.
Area No. 020 (Bati Karadeniz).—Area bounded by lines
joining the following positions: Area No. LT-D17.—Area bounded by lines joining the fol-
a. 43°11'N, 29°46'E. lowing positions:
b. 43°11'N, 32°15'E. a. 41°56'N, 35°15'E.
c. 42°39'N, 32°15'E. b. 41°43'N, 35°50'E.
d. 42°39'N, 29°46'E. c. 41°47'N, 35°52'E.
d. 41°59'N, 35°18'E.
Area No. 021 (Patlayici ve Parlayice Maddeler Dokum
Sahas).—Area bounded by lines joining the following posi-
tions:
Government
a. 42°47'N, 31°40'E.
b. 42°47'N, 31°49'E.
c. 42°43'N, 31°49'E.
d. 42°43'N, 31°40'E.
Area No. 022 (Eregli).—Area bounded by the shoreline and

the major arc of a circle, with a radius of 15 miles, centered on
Cape Oluce (41°19.0'N., 31°24.3'E.) beginning in position
41°06.2'N, 31°14.0'E (shore) and extending clockwise to posi-
tion 41°25.3'N, 31°42.2'E. (shore)
Area No. 023 (Bartin).—Area bounded the shoreline and the

major arc of a circle, with a radius of 15 miles, centered on po- Flag of Turkey
sition 41°43.0'N, 32°17.0'E beginning on shore at position
41°49.7'N, 32°35.0'E and extending counterclockwise to the Turkey is a republican parliamentary democracy. The coun-
shore at position 41°33.8'N, 32°01.2'E. try is divided into 81 provinces.
Turkey is governed by a directly-elected President serving a
Area No. 024 (Kecilik).—Area bounded by the coast and E a 5-year term. The Prime Minister is appointed by the Presi-
of a line joining the following positions: dent. The unicameral National Assembly consists of 550 mem-
a. 41°12'03''N, 29°07'08''E. bers, who are directly elected under a system of proportional
b. 41°11'06''N. 29°06'33''E. representation to serve 4-year terms.
The legal system is based on various continental European
Area No. 025 (Boganadasi).—Area bounded by the coast legal systems.
and S of a line joining the following positions: The capital is Ankara.
Pub. 140
716 Turkey
Holidays (http://www.dmi.gov.tr).
The following holidays are observed: Mined Areas

January 1 New Year’s Day Former Mined Area No. 1 (41°26'N., 29°12'E.) lies in the ap-
proaches to Isltanbul Bogazi.
April 23 National Sovereignty and
Children's Day
May 19 Ataturk Commemoration Navigational Information
and Youth and Sports
Holiday Enroute Volume
August 30 Victory Day
nean.
October 29 Anniversary of the BA NP 24, Black Sea Pilot (British Admiralty publication)
Proclamation of the
Republic Maritime Claims
The maritime territorial claims of Turkey are, as follows:
moon, include Sheker Bayram (End of Ramadan) and Kurban Territorial Sea * 12 miles in the Black Sea
Bayram (End of Pilgrimage). and the Mediterranean Sea.
6 miles in the Aegean Sea.
Ice Fisheries or Economic 200 miles (Black Sea only).
Zone
Drift ice from the Black Sea jams parts of Istanbul Bogazi
(The Bosporus) during severe winters. * Claims straight baselines.
Industries Maritime Boundary Disputes

Complex maritime, air, and territorial disputes with Greece
The main industries include textiles, food processing, elec- in the Aegean Sea.
tronics, automobiles, electronics, mining (coal, chromite, cop-
per, and boron), steel, petroleum, construction, lumber, and Internet Maritime Safety Information
paper. Navigational warnings are available, in English and Turkish,
The main exports are apparel, foodstuffs, textiles, metal from the Turkish Office of Navigation, Hydrography and
goods, and transport equipment. The main export trading part- Oceanography.
ners are Germany, the United Kingdom, and Iraq.
The main imports are machinery, chemicals, semi-finished http://www.shodb.gov.tr/shodb_esas/index.php/en
goods, fuels, and transport equipment. The main import trading
partners are China, Germany, Russia, the United States, and It-
aly.
Pilotage
General
Languages It has been reported (2013) pilotage is compulsory for the
following vessels:
Turkish is the official language. Arabic and Kurdish are also 1. Tankers of 500 gt and over.
spoken. 2. Vessels carrying hazardous/IMO cargo.
3. Turkish vessels of 1,000 gt and over.
Meteorology 4. Foreign vessels of 500 gt and over.
5. Foreign yachts of 1,000 get and over.
Marine weather forecasts in Turkish, English, and German 6. Foreign military vessels transiting to or from non-mili-
are available from the Turkish State Meteorological Service tary terminals and facilities.
Istanbul Bogazi (The Bosporus) and Canakkale Bogazi (The Dardanelles)—Pilot Station Contact Information
Call sign VHF Telephone Facsimile
Rumeli Kavak Pilot Station (41°10'36.0''N. 29°04'24.0''E.)—North entrance to Istanbul Bogazi
Kavak Pilot VHF channels 11 and 71 90-212-2281138 90-212-2281305
Istanbul Pilot Station (41°00'42.0''N. 29°00'37.8''E.)—South entrance to Istanbul Bogazi
Istanbut Pilot VHF channels 13 and 71 90-216-3467320 90-216-3466678
Pub. 140
Turkey 717
Istanbul Bogazi (The Bosporus) and Canakkale Bogazi (The Dardanelles)—Pilot Station Contact Information
Call sign VHF Telephone Facsimile
Gelibolu Pilot Station (40°24'30.0''N. 26°40'57.0''E.)—North entrance to Canakkale Bogazi
Gelibolu Pilot VHF channels 11 and 71 90-286-5661612 90-286-5661611
Mehmetcik Pilot Station (40°02'34.2''N. 26°11'25.2''E.)—South entrance to Canakkale Bogazi
Canakkale Pilot VHF channels 13 and 71 90-286-8620006 90-286-8620138
Turkish Straits 40°56'00''N, 28°40'39''E.

Pilotage through Istanbul Bogazi (The Bosporus) and Can- The pilot station can be contacted, as follows:
akkale Bogazi (The Dardanelles) is not required but is strongly 1. VHF: VHF channels 12 and 16
advised because of the strong currents and high density of traf- 2. Telephone: 90-212-8754050
fic. Pilotage, however, is compulsory for the following areas: 90-212-8754051
1. All foreign vessels calling at any port in Marmara Den- 3. Facsimile: 90-212-8754053
izi after transiting through the Turkish Straits. 4. E-mail: [email protected]
2. Canakkale Karanlik Liman. 5. Web site: http://www.arpas-pilotaj.com.tr
3. Izmit Korfezi.
4. The port of Galata and the inner port of Istanbul. Asyaport(40°54'N., 27°28'E.)
5. Selviburnu oil installation and Cubuklu oil installation The pilot should be contacted when 20 miles, then 5 miles,
in Istanbul Bogazi. from the pilot station. The pilot boards in position
6. Anchorages at Dolmabahce. 40°53'01.2''N, 27°31'30.6''E.
Pilots should be requested using Sailing Plan 1 (SP1) or The pilot station can be contacted, as follows:
Sailing Plan 2 (SP2). For further information, see Vessel 1. VHF: VHF channels 10 and 16
Traffic Service—Procedures and Appendix I. 2. Telephone: 90-536-9965008 (emergency)
Vessels should maintain a listening watch on the VHF 3. E-mail: [email protected]
working frequencies of the relevant sector during passage
through or anchorage within the Turkish Straits Vessel Traffic Bandirma (40°21'N., 27°57'E.)
Service (TSVTS) area. Vessels stopped or anchored in the Pilotage is compulsory for all foreign vessels over 500 gross
straits should report their position to the relevant sector. For tons. Pilots board in the following positions:
further information, see Vessel Traffic Service—VTS Centers a. 40°22'00.0''N, 27°57'12.0''E.
and Appendix I b. 40°23'21.0''N, 27°56'00.0''E.
Vessels over 200m long or with a draft greater than 15m are
advised to pass through the straits during daylight hours only. Botas LNG Terminal (41°00'N., 27°59'E.)
Pilots board, as follows: Pilotage is compulsory through Canakkale Bogazi (The Dar-
1. North entrance of Istanbul Bogazi—The pilot boards danelles) for all vessels carrying LNG to the terminal. Pilots
in position 41°15'06.0''N, 29°07'55.2'E. The pilot disem- board 3 miles SW of Mehmetcik Light. A second pilot boards
barks in position 41°14'26.4''N, 29°09'29.4'E. close S of the LNG anchorage, as best seen on the chart.
2. South entrance of Istanbul Bogazi—The pilot boards The pilots can be contacted, as follows:
in position 40°55'13.2''N, 28°58'43.2'E. The pilot disem- 1. Call sign: Botas LNG Terminal
barks in position 40°56'27.6''N, 28°54'40.2'E. 2. VHF: VHF channels 16 and 23
3. North entrance of Canakkale Bogazi—The pilot 3. Telephone: 90-282-6130250
boards in position 40°25'37.8''N, 26°44'11.4'E. The pilot dis- 4. Facsimile: 90-282-6336933
embarks in position 40°25'00.0''N, 26°44'06.6'E. 90-282-6130258
4. South entrance of Canakkale Bogazi—The pilot 5. E-mail: [email protected]
boards in position 40°00'23.4''N, 26°08'07.2'E. The pilot dis- 6. Web site: http://www.botas.gov.tr
embarks in position 40°01'29.4''N, 26°08'10.2'E.
Pilot station contact information can be found in the table ti- Darica (40°45'N., 29°23'E.)
tled Istanbul Bogazi (The Bosporus) and Canakkale Bogazi See Izmit Korfezi.
(The Dardanelles)—Pilot Station Contact Information.
Derince (40°45'N., 29°50'E.)
TURKISH STRAITS AND MARMARA DENIZI (SEA OF Pilotage, is compulsory for all foreign vessels over 500 gross
MARMARA) PORTS tons. Vessels should call the pilot station on VHF channel 20
when 20 miles from the pilot boarding position. Outbound ves-
Alemdar (40°46'N., 29°32'E.) sels should confirm their time of departure and request a pilot
See Izmit Korfezi. on VHF channel 16 at least 1 hour prior to departure. Pilots
board in position 40°43.4'N, 29°21.4'E.
Ambarli (40°58'N., 28°41'E.) Pilots can be contacted, as follows:
Pilotage is compulsory for foreign vessels over 500 gross 1. Call sign: Derince Pilot
tons and is ordered through the agent. Pilots board in position 2. VHF: VHF channels 16 and 20
Pub. 140
718 Turkey
3. Telephone: 90-262-6562587 chorages and berthing/unberthing at wharves, quays, or buoys,
4. Facsimile: 90-262-6563400 as follows:
1. Alemdar (40°46'N., 29°32'E.).
Diliskelisi (40°46'N., 29°32'E.) 2. Darica (40°45'N., 29°23'E.).
See Izmit Korfezi. 3. Derince (40°45'N., 29°50'E.).
4. Diliskelesi (40°46'N., 29°32'E.).
Erdek (40°24'N., 27°47'E.) 5. Evyap (40°46'N., 29°43'E.).
The pilot boards 2 miles SSW of Muratbayin Burni in posi- 6. Hereke (Karamursel) (40°47'N., 29°37'E.).
tion 40°21'27''N, 27°46'48''E. 7. Izmit (40°45'N., 29°55'E.).
8. Tutunciftlik Refinery (40°45'N., 29°46'E.).
Evyap (40°46'N., 29°43'E.) 9. Yalova (Aksa Terminal) (40°40'N., 29°16'E.).
See Izmit Korfezi. 10. Yarimca (40°46'N., 29°44'E.).
The pilot boards about 2 miles S of Yelkenkaya Burnu Light
Gemlik (40°26'N., 29°09'E.) (40°45'N, 29°21'E.) and disembarks about 1 mile S of the light.
Pilotage is compulsory for foreign vessels over 500 gross
tons and is ordered through the agent. Pilots board in position To avoid delays in obtaining a pilot, vessels should give as
40°26.0'N, 29°06.1'E. much advance notice as possible of their ETA/ETD; the ETA/
ETD should also be confirmed 2 hours in advance. Arriving
Pilots can be contacted, as follows: vessels are requested to maintain a continuous listening watch
1. Call sign: Gemlik Pilot on VHF channel 12 when within range.
2. VHF: VHF channels 16 and 71 Two private companies, Dekas Maritime Pilotage and Med
3. Telephone: 90-224-5248831 Marine Pilotage and Towing, provide pilotage services in Izmir
90-224-5247720 Korfezi. For contact information, see the table titled Izmit
4. Facsimile: 90-224-5248830 Korfezi—Pilot Contact Information.
Hereke (Karamursel) (40°47'N., 29°37'E.) Martas (40°58'N., 27°56'E.)

See Izmit Korfezi. Pilotage is compulsory for foreign vessels over 50 gross
tons. The pilot boards 1 mile from the port.
Icdas (40°27'N., 27°08'E.) Pilots can be contacted, as follows:
Pilotage is compulsory. Pilots should be contacted 1 to 2 1. Call sign:Martas Pilot
hours prior to arrival on VHF channel 9. The pilot for Icdas 1 2. VHF: VHF channels 6 and 16
(40°27'N, 27°08'E.) boards about 0.5 mile off the pier/break- 3. Telephone: 90-282-6131879
water in position 40°27'45.6''N, 27°08'04.2''E. The pilot for Ic- 90-530-6632228 (mobile)
das 2 (40°24'N, 27˝03'E.) boards, as follows:
1. Small vessels—0.5 mile off the pier/breakwater. Mudanya (40°23'N., 28°53'E.)
2. Large vessels—1 mile off the pier/breakwater. Pilotage is compulsory for all foreign vessels over 500 gross
tons and is provided from Gemlik. The pilot boards in position
Izmit (40°45'N., 29°55'E.) 40°23.4'N, 28°53.8'E.
See Izmit Korfezi.
Saraylar (40°39'N., 27°40'E.)
Izmit Korfezi (40°45'N., 29°40'E.) Pilotage is ordered through the agent. Pilots should be
Pilotage, available 24 hours and provided from Darica contacted 1 hour prior to arrival on VHF channel 14 or 16. The
(40°45'N., 29°23'E.), is compulsory in Izmit Korfezi for all for- pilot boards N of the harbor entrance in position 40°40.0'N,
eign vessels over 500 gross tons bound for or leaving ports/an- 27°39.8'E.
Izmit Korfezi—Pilot Contact Information

Dekas Maritime Pilotage Med Marine Pilotage and Towing
Call sign Dekas Pilot Med Pilot
VHF VHF channels 12 and 16 VHF channels 12 and 16
Web site http://www.dekaspilot.com http://www.medmarine.com.tr
Darica office Yarimca office Darica office Yarimca office
90-262-5286751
90-262-7453810
90-262-7454312 90-262-5283300 90-262-5286752
Telephone 90-262-7453815
90-262-7450600 90-262-5287903 90-262-5285528
90-262-7453816
90-262-5285529
Facsimile 90-262-7454203 90-262-5285372 90-262-7453813 90-262-5287561
Pub. 140
Turkey 719
Izmit Korfezi—Pilot Contact Information

Dekas Maritime Pilotage Med Marine Pilotage and Towing
E-mail — — [email protected] [email protected]
Tekirdag (40°58'N., 27°30'E.) sition 40°58.5'N, 38°40.0'E.

Pilotage is compulsory for all foreign vessels of 500 gross Pilots can be contacted, as follows:
tons and over. Pilots board in position 40°57.2'N, 27°55.8'E. 1. VHF: VHF channels 14 and 16
2. Telephone: 90-454-2161490
Tutunciftlik Refinery (40°45'N., 29°46'E.) 90-533-7340005 (mobile)
See Izmit Korfezi. 3. Facsimile: 90-454-2121734
Tuzla (40°51'N., 29°16'E.)
Pilotage is compulsory for all foreign vessels over 500 gross Fatsa (41°03'N., 37°30'E.)
tons. The pilot should be requested through the agent 24 hours Pilotage is compulsory for all foreign vessels over 500 gross
prior to arrival. The pilot boards in position 40°51.2'N, tons. The pilot boards in position 41°04.0'N, 37°31.5'E.
29°15.0'E.
Pilots can be contacted, as follows: Gerze (41°48'N., 35°12'E.)
1. Call sign: Tuzla Pilots The pilot boards 3 miles ESE of Kosk Burnu in position
2. VHF: VHF channel 12 41°46'47.4''N, 35°15'49.8''E.
3. Telephone: 90-216-4460081
90-216-4463015 Giresun (40°55'N., 38°23'E.)
4. Facsimile: 90-216-4460683 Pilotage is compulsory for foreign vessels over 500 gross
90-216-4463015 tons. The pilot boards in position 40°55'09''N, 38°21'39''E.
The vessel’s ETA should be sent to the pilot via e-mail 48
Yalova (Aksa Terminal) (40°40'N., 29°16'E.) hours in advance. Pilots should be contacted 1 hour prior to ar-
See Izmit Korfezi. rival on VHF channel 16 and can be contacted, as follows:
1. VHF: VHF channels 14 and 16
Yarimca (40°46'N., 29°44'E.) 2. Telephone: 90-454-2161490
See Izmit Korfezi. 90-533-7340005 (mobile)
3. Facsimile: 90-454-2121734
BLACK SEA PORTS 4. E-mail: [email protected]
Amasra (41°45'N., 32°23'E.) Hopa (41°25'N., 41°25'E.)

Pilots board about 0.6 mile NW of Amasra Light in position Pilotage is compulsory for all foreign vessels of 500 gross
41°45.7'N, 32°22.0'E. tons and over and is available 24 hours. The pilot boards 1 mile
off the main breakwater.
Bartin Limani (41°41'N., 32°13'E.) The pilot vessel can be contacted on VHF channels 12 and
Pilotage is compulsory for foreign vessels over 500 gross 16.
tons. Pilots board in position 41°41'00''N, 32°12'45''E.
Inebolu (41°59'N., 27°08'E.)
Eregli (41°17'N., 31°24'E.) Pilotage is compulsory for all vessels over 500 gross tons.
Pilotage is compulsory for foreign vessels of 500 gross tons The pilot boards in position 41°59'10.8''N, 33°46'25.8''E.
and over when entering or leaving the harbor. The pilot boards
in position 41°17.0'N, 31°22.4'E. Karadeniz LPG Terminal (41°01'N., 38°49'E.)
Vessels waiting for a pilot should anchor about 1 mile W of Pilotage is compulsory for foreign vessels over 500 gross
North Breakwater Light. tons. The pilot should be requested via the agent 24 hours prior
The pilots can be contacted, as follows: to arrival. The pilot boards in position 41°01'27.0''N,
1. Call sign: Eregli Pilots 38°51'54.0''E.
2. VHF: VHF channels 12 and 16 Pilots can be contacted on VHF channels 14 and 16.
3. Telephone: 90-372-3232500
90-372-3293834 Ordu (41°00'N., 37°53'E.)
4. Facsimile: 90-372-3166243 Pilotage, provided from Giresun, is compulsory for foreign
5. E-mail: [email protected] vessels over 500 gross tons. The pilot boards in position
41°00.0'N, 37°52.7'E.
Espiye Terminal (40°57'N., 38°42'E.) The vessel’s ETA should be sent to the pilot via e-mail 48
Pilotage, provided from Gresun, is compulsory for foreign hours in advance. Pilots should be contacted 1 hour prior to ar-
vessels over 500 gross tons. Pilots should be requested through rival on VHF channel 16 and can be contacted, as follows:
the vessel’s agent 24 hours in advance. The pilot boards in po- 1. VHF: VHF channels 14 and 16
Pub. 140
720 Turkey
2. Telephone: 90-454-2161490 Fuel Oil Sulphur Restrictions
90-533-7340005 (mobile) It has been reported (2011) that as of 1 January 2012 the fol-
3. Facsimile: 90-454-2121734 lowing restrictions on the use of certain marine fuel come into
4. E-mail: [email protected] effect:
1. Foreign vessels coming into Turkish ports will not be
Rize (41°02'N., 40°31'E.) permitted to use marine diesel fuel with a sulphur content ex-
Pilotage is compulsory for all foreign vessels over 500 gross ceeding 0.1% by mass.
tons. Pilots board in the following positions: 2. Turkish-flagged vessels will not be permitted to use
a. 41°02'42.0''N, 40°31'48.0''E. marine diesel fuel with a sulphur content exceeding 1.5% by
b. 41°05'12.0''N, 40°41'11.4''E. (Limankoy) SOx Emission Detection Fields determined by the IMO in
accordance with MARPOL Annex 6.
Samsun (41°19'N., 36°21'E.) 3. Passenger vessels sailing in Turkey’s maritime juris-
Pilotage is compulsory for all foreign vessels over 500 gross diction will not be permitted to use marine diesel fuel with a
tons. The pilot boards in the following positions: sulphur content exceeding 1.5% by mass.
a. 41°18'21.6''N, 36°21'42.0''E.
b. 41°16'12.0''N, 36°26'30.0''E. Regulations
Special regulations exist for foreign warships entering Turk-
Sinop (42°01'N., 35°09'E.) ish waters. These vessels should contact the proper authorities
Pilotage is compulsory for all vessels over 500 gross tons. before entering Turkish waters.
The pilot boards in position 42°00.4'N, 35°10.0'E. Radio communications within Turkish waters are prohibited
for foreign warships as well as other foreign vessels. However,
Trabzon (41°00'N., 39°45'E.) if no other means of communication exist, the harbor authority
Pilotage, which is available 24 hours, is compulsory for all can allow transmissions of short duration relating to the voyage
foreign vessels over 500 gross tons and is arranged through the or events on board.
agent. The vessel’s ETA should be sent to the port authority 24 Transmissions to calibrate the apparatus can only be autho-
hours in advance. The pilot boards in position 41°00.7'N, rized from appropriate coastal stations. Private messages can-
39°45.6'E. not be transmitted. Vessels must abide by the arrangements of
the coastal stations for hours and service in order to avoid in-
Unye (41°07'N., 37°21'E.) terference.
Pilotage is compulsory for foreign vessels of 500 gross tons In territorial waters vessels can, during their stay in the har-
and over. The vessel’s ETA should be sent to the pilot via e- bor, communicate only with the nearest Turkish coastal station.
mail 48 hours and 24 hours in advance. The pilot boards about However, these vessels must adhere to the arrangements of that
0.5 mile NE of the breakwater light. coastal station with regard to hours and service. Vessels of the
Pilots can be contacted, as follows: same company can communicate amongst themselves service
1. Call sign: Unye Pilot messages without passing them through coastal stations.
2. VHF: VHF channels 12 and 16 Normal international courtesies, such as flying the Turkish
3. Telephone: 90-452-3211402 flag at the foremast, should be carefully adhered to by vessels
4. Facsimile: 90-452-3211402 while in the waters and ports of Turkey.
5. E-mail: [email protected] Vessels are warned against entering Turkish territorial waters
except for the purpose of calling at a port, when they should
Zonguldak (41°27'N., 31°47'E.) keep close to the prescribed navigational route.
Pilotage is compulsory for all foreign vessels over 500 gross Anchoring off, approaching near, and landing on the coast of
tons and is provided by the coal company. The vessel’s agent Uzun Ada (38°30'N., 26°43'E.) are prohibited.
orders the pilot subject to receipt of the ETA 24 hours in ad- Landing is prohibited on the island of Saros Adalari
vance. Pilots board in the following positions: (40°37'N., 26°44'E.) and along the Turkish coast between the
a. 41°28.0'N, 31°46.0'E. mouths of the Kavaksuyu River (40°36.2'N., 26°49.8'E.) and
b. 41°32.4'N, 31°51.5'E. the Guneyli River (40°30.7'N., 26°42.7'E.).
Landing on the islands of Bozca Ada, Tavsan Adalari, and
Imbroz Adasi is subject to special authorization.
Pollution A restricted area, best seen on the chart, where vessels over
300 gross tons or carrying dangerous cargo are prohibited from
MARPOL Special Area entering, begins in the vicinity of Kokburun (36°57.5'N.,
MARPOL Special Areas are sea areas where special manda- 27°18.2'E.), at the E entrance to Bodrum Bogazi/Steno Ko, and
tory methods for the prevention of oil pollution in the sea have extends W, N, and E to Kukuktavsan Adasi (37°10.0'N.,
been adopted. Several areas off the coasts of Turkey have been 27°22.2'E.).
designated as MARPOL Special Areas, as follows: It has been reported (2016) vessels experiencing a delay of
1. The Mediterranean Sea. greater than 12 hours from their original ETA at a Turkish port
2. The Black Sea. must inform the harbormaster, via their agent, of the delay.
Further information can be found in North Atlantic Vessels failing to provide this information may be subject to a
Ocean—Pollution—MARPOL Special Areas. fine and lose their berthing turn.
Pub. 140
Turkey 721
International Ship and Port Facility (ISPS) Code Submarine Operating Areas
Information on Turkish ports that comply with the ISPS
Code, as well as contact information for Port Facility Security Turkish submarines operating on the surface display an all
Officers at individual ports, can be found at the following web round amber light showing 90 flashes per minute.
site:
Mediterranean Sea
Vessels are cautioned that submerged submarines may be op-
Turkey—ISPS-compliant Ports
http://www.denizcilik.gov.tr/isps/Safe_Ports.htm erating in the areas described below.
Area A64.—Area bounded by lines joining the following
positions:
Naval Prohibited Areas and Maritime Special Security Ar- a. 35°47.5'N, 29°34.5'E.
eas b. 35°47.5'N, 30°09.5'E.
Vessels are prohibited from entering Naval Prohibited Areas c. 35°32.5'N, 30°09.5'E.
and Naval Special Security Areas. Maritime Special Security d. 35°32.5'N, 29°34.5'E.
Areas may be entered by obtaining permission from the author-
ities responsible for them. Area A65.—Area bounded by lines joining the following
These areas are listed in Appendix IV—Naval Prohibited positions:
Areas and Maritime Special Security Areas. a. 35°59'N, 30°15'E.
b. 35°59'N, 30°50'E.
Turkish Straits c. 35°45'N, 30°50'E.
Vessels with a draft of 15m and over with an loa greater than d. 35°45'N, 30°15'E.
200m are advised to navigate through the Turkish Straits
during daylight hours only. Area A66.—Area bounded by lines joining the following
positions:
a. 36°29'N, 30°41'E.
Search and Rescue b. 36°29'N, 31°06'E.
c. 36°14'N, 31°06'E.
The Directorate General of Maritime and Inland Waters Reg- d. 36°14'N, 30°41'E.
ulation (Ministry of Transport Maritime Affairs and Communi-
cations), in conjunction with regional Turkish Coast Guard Area A66-I.—Area bounded by lines joining the following
Centers, is responsible for search and rescue operations in positions:
Turkish waters and can be contacted, as follows: a. 36°24'00''N, 30°56'30''E.
1. Telephone: 90-312-2319105 b. 36°27'00''N, 31°06'00''E.
90-312-2324783 c. 36°14'00''N, 31°06'00''E.
2. Facsimile: 90-312-2320823 d. 36°14'00''N, 30°57'30''E.
A network of coast radio stations maintains a continuous lis- Area A67.—Area bounded by lines joining the following
tening watch on international distress frequencies. positions:
a. 36°47'N, 31°05'E.
Ship Reporting System b. 36°37'N, 31°33'E.
c. 36°32'N, 31°02'E.
The Turkish Straits Vessel Traffic Service (TSVTS) and Re- d. 36°26'N, 31°30'E.
porting System (TUBRAP) has been establish in Istanbul Bo-
gazi (The Bosporus) and Canakkale Bogazi (The Dardanelles). Area A68.—Area bounded by lines joining the following
For further information, see Vessel Traffic Service and Appen- positions:
dix I—Turkish Straits Vessel Traffic Service (TSVTS) and a. 36°19'N, 31°13'E.
Reporting System (TUBRAP). b. 36°19'N, 31°50'E.
c. 36°01'N, 31°50'E.
d. 36°01'N, 31°13'E.
Signals
Area A69.—Area bounded by lines joining the following
Prior to transiting Istanbul Bogazi (The Bosporus) and positions:
Canakkale Bogazi (The Dardanelles), vessels that are ready for a. 35°56.0'N, 32°30.0'E.
sanitary inspections shall display the following signals: b. 35°45.0'N, 33°06.0'E.
1. From 0800 to 1800 local—A yellow flag. c. 35°37.5'N, 33°06.0'E.
2. From 1800 to 0600 local—One red light over one d. 35°37.5'N, 32°30.0'E.
white light.
Vessels entering Turkish ports from the Black Sea or the Ae- Area A70.—Area bounded by lines joining the following
gean Sea must display a yellow flag until the Turkish Sanitary positions:
Authority boat has come alongside and the sanitary inspection a. 36°24'00''N, 34°29'30''E.
of the vessel has been completed. b. 36°24'00''N, 35°05'30''E.
Pub. 140
722 Turkey
c. 36°11'15''N, 35°05'30''E. Area No. M-29 (Central Marmara Denizi).—Area bounded
d. 36°11'15''N, 34°29'30''E. by lines joining the following positions:
a. 40°46'30''N, 28°26'00''E.
Area A72.—Area bounded by lines joining the following b. 40°47'48''N, 28°39'24''E.
positions: c. 40°36'24''N, 28°39'24''E.
a. 36°37.0'N, 34°31.0'E. d. 40°36'24''N, 28°26'00''E.
b. 36°24.0'N, 34°36.0'E.
c. 36°19.5'N, 34°11.5'E. Area No. M-30 (Central Marmara Denizi).—Area bounded
Area C.—Area bounded by lines joining the following posi- a. 40°44'00''N, 28°00'00''E.
tions: b. 40°44'00''N, 28°26'00''E.
a. 31°19.0'N, 34°00.0'E. c. 40°36'24''N, 28°26'00''E.
b. 31°19.0'N, 34°10.0'E. d. 40°36'24''N, 28°00'00''E.
c. 31°57.0'N, 33°15.0'E.
d. 31°59.5'N, 34°00.5'E. Area No. M-31 (Siliviri).—Area bounded by latitude
e. 31°50.0'N, 34°55.0'E. 40°55'N. longitude 28°05'E, longitude 28°30'E, and the coast.
Area D (Shefayyim).—Area bounded by lines joining the Area No. M-32 (South of Turkeli Ad).—Area bounded by
following positions (permanent firing practice area): lines joining the following positions:
a. 32°12.8'N, 34°41.5'E. a. 40°21'12''N, 27°22'00''E.
b. 32°19.7'N, 34°43.8'E. b. 40°27'30''N, 27°21'12''E.
c. 32°21.2'N, 34°41.7'E. c. 40°25'54''N, 27°44'42''E.
d. 32°12.4'N, 34°38.8'E. d. 40°19'30''N, 27°47'24''E.
Submarines also operate in an area about 20 miles SSW of
Ulu Burmu (36°08'N., 29°41'E.); 20 miles NE, 40 miles E, and Black Sea
20 miles SSE of Taslik Burnu (36°13'N., 30°25'E.); 15 miles S Submarines frequently exercise in the area between Akcako-
of Anamur burnu; and 20 miles SSE of Dokukbasi Burnu ca (41°05'N., 31°07'E.) and Girece Burnu (41°50'N., 32°35'E.).
(36°33'N., 29°01'E.).
Tides
Sea of Marmara
Vessels are cautioned that submerged submarines may be op- There is no tidal rise along the S coast of Turkey; however S
erating in the areas described below. and W winds can raise the sea level by as much as 0.6m, while
Area No. M-21 (Izmir Korfezi).—Area bounded by lines N and E winds can lower the sea level by a similar amount.
a. 40°44'11''N, 29°34'04''E.
b. 40°43'30''N, 29°39'57''E. Time Zone
c. 40°42'48''N, 29°39'57''E.
d. 40°41'59''N, 29°34'24''E. The Time Zone description is BRAVO (-2). Daylight Sav-
Area No. M-24 (Central Marmara Denizi).—Area bounded
by lines joining the following positions: Traffic Separation Schemes
a. 40°49'12''N, 28°51'54''E.
b. 40°49'12''N, 29°06'36''E. Traffic Separation Schemes in Turkey are, as follows:
c. 40°41'12''N, 29°06'36''E. 1. Strait of Istanbul—North Approach (IMO-adopted).
d. 40°41'12''N, 28°51'54''E. 2. Strait of Istanbul (IMO-adopted).
3. Strait of Istanbul—South Approach and the Sea of
Area No. M-26 (Izmir Gemlik).—Area bounded by lines Marmara (IMO-adopted).
joining the following positions: 4. Strait of Canakkale (IMO-adopted).
a. 40°29'12''N, 28°47'06''E. 5. Strait of Canakkale—South Approach (IMO-adopted).
b. 40°26'24''N, 28°01'48''E. 6. Izmit Korfezi (Government of Turkey).
c. 40°22'40''N, 28°01'48''E. 7. Nemrut Koyu (Government of Turkey).
d. 40°24'48''N, 28°47'06''E. 8. Candarli Korfezi (Government of Turkey).
9. Izmir Korfezi (Government of Turkey).
Area No. M-28 (Central Marmara Denizi).—Area bounded 10. Iskenderun Korfezi (Government of Turkey).
a. 40°47'48''N, 28°39'24''E. U.S. Embassy
b. 40°49'12''N, 28°51'50''E.
c. 40°36'24''N, 28°51'50''E. The U.S. Embassy is situated at 110 Ataturk Boulevard, Ka-
d. 40°36'24''N, 28°39'24''E. vaklidere, 06100 Ankara.
Pub. 140
Turkey 723
The mailing address is PSC 93, Box 5000, APO AE (09823). porting System (TUBRAP) covers Istanbul Bogazi (The Bos-
porus), Marmara Denizi (The Sea of Marmara), and Canakkale
Bogazi (The Dardanelles). For further information, see Appen-
U. S. Embassy Turkey Home Page
dix I—Turkish Straits Vessel Traffic Service (TSVTS) and
http://tr.usembassy.gov
Reporting System (TUBRAP).

Izmit Vessel Traffic Service (IZMITRAP)
Turkish Straits Vessel Traffic Service (TSVTS) and Report- The Izmit Vessel Traffic Service (IZMITRAP) covers the en-
ing System (TUBRAP) tire extent of Izmit Bay. For further information, see Appendix
The Turkish Straits Vessel Traffic Service (TSVTS) and Re- III—Izmit VTS (IZMITRAP).
Pub. 140
Turkey 725
Appendix I—Turkish Straits Vessel Traffic Service (TSVTS) and Reporting System (TUBRAP)
The Turkish Straits Vessel Traffic Service (TSVTS) and Re- porting System—Sector Information
porting System (TUBRAP) covers Istanbul Bogazi (The Bos- 2. Istanbul Bogazi VTS Center—Covers Istanbul Bo-
porus), Marmara Denizi (The Sea of Marmara), and Canakkale gazi (The Bosporus), its S approach from Marmara Denizi,
Bogazi (The Dardanelles). and its N approach from the Black Sea and can be contacted,
Vessels transiting the TSVTS and Reporting System are di- as follows:
vided into two categories, as follows: a. Telephone: 90-212-3234800 (switchboard)
1. Active Participant Vessels.—All vessels carrying b. Facsimile: 90-212-3234807
dangerous cargo and all vessels with an loa of 20m and over. 90-212-3234808
2. Passive Participant Vessels.—All vessels with an loa 90-212-3234809
of less than 20m and local traffic vessels navigating within c. E-mail: [email protected]
the VTS area. The N limits of Istanbul Bogazi VTS comprise a line join-
Passive Participant Vessels do not need to report; however, ing the following positions:
they must maintain a continuous listening watch on the rele- a. 41°10'30.0''N, 29°35'00.0''E.
vant sector VHF channel and follow any instructions provided b. 41°32'30.0''N, 29°35'00.0''E.
by the VTS Center. c. 41°32'30.0''N, 28°45'00.0''E.
All vessels navigating or at anchor in the VTS area should d. 41°19'00.0''N, 28°45'00.0''E.
also maintain a continuous listening watch on the relevant sec-
tor VHF channel. The S limits of Istanbul Bogazi VTS comprise a line join-
Communication with the TSVTS shall be in English; howev- ing the following positions:
er, Turkish vessels and vessels under pilotage may communi- a. 40°52'30.0''N, 29°13'48.0''E.
cated in Turkish. b. 40°48'30.0''N, 29°09'00.0''E.
Weather and general announcements will be broadcast on c. 40°39'54.0''N, 29°09'00.0''E.
VHF channel 67. Emergency communications will be under- d. 40°41'00.0''N, 28°10'00.0''E.
taken on VHF channel 6. e. 40°51'36.0''N, 28°10'00.0''E.
VTS Centers.—Two VTS Centers have been established to f. 40°55'06.0''N, 28°43'24.0''E.
serve the TSVTS, as follows: g. 40°58'12.0''N, 28°43'24.0''E.
1. Canakkale Bogazi VTS Center—Covers Canakkale Istanbul Bogazi VTS is further subdivided into the follow-
Bogazi (The Dardanelles), its S approach from the Aegean ing sectors:
Sea, and its N approach from Marmara Denizi and can be a. Sector Turkeli.
contacted, as follows: b. Sector Kandilli.
a. Telephone: 90-286-2134800 (switchboard) c. Sector Kadikoy.
b. Facsimile: 90-286-2131240 d. Sector Marmara.
90-286-2131241 The limits, call sign, and working frequency of each sector
90-286-2133077 are given in Appendix II—Turkish Strait VTS and Re-
c. E-mail: [email protected] porting System—Sector Information.
The N limits of Canakkale Bogazi VTS comprise a line Procedures.—TUBREP consists of four reports, as follows:
joining the following positions: 1. Sailing Plan 1 (SP1)—This report is sent, as follows:
a. 40°42'18.0''N, 27°18'30.0''E. (Hoskoy Birnu) a. Masters, owners, or agents of vessels carrying dan-
b. 40°48'00.0''N, 27°38'00.0''E. gerous cargo or vessels of 500 gross tons and over should
c. 40°51'36.0''N, 28°10'00.0''E. submit a written SP1 to the relevant VTS Center at least 48
d. 40°41'00.0''N, 28°10'00.0''E. hours prior to entry into the Turkish Straits.
e. 40°41'42.0''N, 27°38'30.0''E. If the ETA changes by more than 2 hours, the SP1 must
f. 40°39'00.0''N, 27°29'24.0''E. (Hayirsiz Ad) be resent.
g. 40°28'36.0''N, 27°17'00.0''E. (Karaburun Light) b. Masters, owners, or agents of vessels between 200m
The S limits of Canakkale Bogazi VTS comprise a line and 300m long and/or vessels with a draft over 15m
joining the following positions: should submit a written SP1 to the relevant VTS Center at
a. 39°44'00.0''N, 26°09'12.0''E. least 48 hours prior to entry into the Turkish Straits.
b. 39°44'00.0''N, 25°55'00.0''E. c. Owners or operators of vessels over 300m long, ves-
c. 39°52'36.0''N, 25°47'00.0''E. sels propelled by nuclear power, and vessels carrying nu-
d. 40°06'00.0''N, 25°47'00.0''E. clear cargo or nuclear waste must provide information
e. 40°09'00.0''N, 26°00'54.0''E. regarding their characteristics and cargo during the plan-
f. 40°09'00.0''N, 26°14'12.0''E. ning stages of their voyage. The TSVTS, based upon this
Canakkale Bogazi VTS is further subdivided into the fol- data, shall inform the relevant vessel’s owner, operator, or
lowing sectors: master of any requirements or recommendations necessary
a. Sector Gelibolu. to ensure safe passage through the Turkish Straits. A writ-
b. Sector Nara. ten SP1 must be submitted at least 72 hours prior to entry
c. Sector Kumkale. into the Turkish Straits.
The limits, call sign, and working frequency of each sector d. Vessels carrying dangerous cargo and/or vessels of
are given in Appendix II—Turkish Strait VTS and Re- 500 gross tons and over leaving ports in Marmara Denizi
Pub. 140
726 Turkey
should submit an SP1 to the relevant VTS Center at least 6 Designator Information required
hours prior to departure.
The SP1 shall contain the following information: F Maximum maneuvering speed.
Designator Information required
Date and time of entry into the Turkish
H
Vessel’s name, call sign, flag, IMO num- Straits.
A
ber, and MMSI number.
B Date and time (UTC).
Request for pilot (yes/no) for Istanbul Bo-
C Reporting position (latitude/longitude). J gazi, Marmara Denizi, or Canakkale Bo-
Continuous maneuvering speed (in knots gazi.
F
and tenths of knots). P If any dangerous cargo on board.
G Port of departure. Any defects, damage, deficiencies, or oth-
Q
Date and time of entry (UTC) into Canak- er limitations.
H
kale Bogazi or Istanbul Bogazi. Vessel’s agent or representative (for ves-
T
I Port of destination. sels not obliged to send an SP1).
X If ready for Turkish Straits passage.
Request for pilot (yes/no) for Istanbul Bo-
J gazi, Marmara Denizi, or Canakkale Bo-
gazi. 3. Position Report—Vessels of 20m loa and over intend-
ing to enter the Turkish Straits should report to the relevant
Draft (forward and aft) and maximum air VTS entry sector (Turkeli, Kadikoy, Gelibolu, or Kumkale,
O
draft (at the entrance to the strait). as appropriate) by VHF, stating the vessel’s name and posi-
Cargo type, quantity, and description of tion, when reaching a point 5 miles off the entrance to the
dangerous, noxious, or polluting cargo Turkish Straits.
(UN Number, name, class, quantity, and 4. Call Point Report—Active Participant Vessels make
P this report, as follows:
IMDG/IGC/IBC/GC/INF Codes). Weap-
ons shipments require End User Certifi- a. Passing through Istanbul Bogazi (The Bosporus)
cate, date, number, and copy. and/or Canakkale Bogazi (The Dardanelles)—Report ves-
sel name and position at the entrance and exit of each sec-
Any defects, damage, deficiencies, or other tor to the relevant VTS Center.
Q
limitations. b. Not passing through Istanbul Bogazi (The Bospo-
Vessel’s agent or representative (including rus) and/or Canakkale Bogazi (The Dardanelles) but are
T facsimile number) and name and surname passing through the VTS areas in the Black Sea or the Ae-
of master. gean Sea—Report vessel name and position at the en-
trance and exit of each sector to the relevant VTS Center.
Type of vessel, loa and beam (in meters),
5. Marmara Report (MARRAP).—Active Participant
U gross tonnage, net tonnage, double or sin-
Vessels intending to pass through the TSVTS area and navi-
gle hull tanker, and year of construction.
gating between ports in Marmara Denizi (The Sea of Mar-
W Number of crew and passengers. mara) shall submit a MARRAP to the relevant VTS Center
when entering and leaving Sector Gelibolu/Sector Marmara
P and I information (club name, policy
X number, and validity), bunkers on board and Sector Marmara/Sector Gelibolu.
(FO/LO/DO), and last PSC date. Vessels departing from a port in Marmara Denizi (The Sea
of Marmara) and intending to pass through Istanbul Bogazi
2. Sailing Plan 2 (SP2)—With the exception of war- (The Bosporus) and/or Canakkale Bogazi (The Dardanelles)
ships, state-owned vessels not used for commercial purpos- shall submit a MARRAP to the relevant VTS Center when
es, and local traffic vessels, vessels declared technically entering their area.
suitable on the SP1 and vessels with an loa of 20m and over The MARRAP shall contain the following information:
shall send an SP2 to the relevant VTS Center by VHF, 2
hours prior to arrival at the straits or when at a distance of 20
miles from the entrance of the straits (whichever comes
first). A Vessel’s name.
The SP2 shall contain the following information: D Position.
Vessel’s name, call sign, flag, IMO num-
A P If any dangerous cargo on board.
ber, and MMSI number.
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All vessels navigating within the TSS through Marmara 6. Meteorological information and current situation.
Denizi (The Sea of Marmara) should report immediately to 7. Information about the reported status of aids to naviga-
the relevant VTS Center any emergencies, deviations from tion.
the TSS, and expected delays to the ETA of over 2 hours. 8. Any other information as deemed necessary.
6. Vessels slowing down.—Vessels slowing down within Navigational Assistance Services.—Navigational assis-
the Turkish Straits should give immediate notice to the rele- tance will be provided when:
vant VTS Center. The VTS Center can provide information, 1. Severe meteorological situations have been observed.
recommendations, and instructions after evaluating the traf- 2. Deficiencies or breakdowns have occurred during the
fic situation. passage of the participating vessels.
7. Vessels anchoring or leaving an anchorage.—An- 3. When requested by the vessel’s master or when
chored vessels should report to the relevant VTS Center, stat- deemed necessary by the TSVTS.
ing their anchorage position and time.
Vessels should maintain a continuous listening watch on With regard to the safety of navigation, the TSVTS will as-
the relevant VTS Center sector channel while at anchor. sist vessels by providing the following information:
Vessels should inform the relevant VTS Center 1 hour pri- 1. Position information in order to ensure safe navigation
or to weighing anchor. of vessels navigating within the TSS.
Upon weighing anchor, vessels should report their time of 2. Information about movements of other vessels in the
weighing anchor, arrival port, and ETA at the entrance to the vicinity.
Turkish Straits to the relevant VTS Center and to receive 3. Warnings concerning dangerous situations that may
traffic information. develop.
8. Vessels berthing or unberthing.—Vessels should re- The beginning and end of navigational assistance must be
port the time of berthing to the relevant VTS Center while clearly agreed and recorded by the vessel’s master and the
alongside at any port in the Turkish Straits. TSVTS.
Upon unberthing, vessels should report their time of un- Traffic Organization Service.—The TSVTS will organize
berthing, arrival port, and ETA at the entrance to the Turkish the following:
Straits to the relevant VTS Center and to receive traffic infor- 1. Handling of vessel Sailing Plans and entry permissions
mation. and the time and date to Istanbul Bogazi (The Bosporus)
Vessels are not required to maintain any listening watches and/or Canakkale Bogazi (The Dardanelles).
when berthed. 2. Handling of any changes to the Sailing Plan.
Information Services.—The TSVTS provides the following 3. Providing all necessary operational information related
information: to traffic organization to the vessels before entering the Turk-
1. Maritime traffic information. ish Straits.
2. Information about the position of a vessel in relation to 4. Providing operational information to all vessels in the
other vessels. Turkish Straits according to TSTVS regulations.
3. Information about the positions of other vessels by The SP1 and SP2 constitute the primary sources for the Traf-
means of distances from own vessel, as well as course and fic Organization Service to be provided by the TSVTS. Send-
speed over the ground. ing timely and accurate reports will increase the efficiency of
4. Information about intended movements of other ves- the traffic organization.
sels. AIS.—All AIS equipment must be maintained in full work-
5. Notices to Mariners. ing order while navigating within the TSVTS area.
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Appendix II—Turkish Strait VTS and Reporting System—Sector Information
Turkish Straits Vessel Traffic Service and Reporting System—Sector Information

VHF
VTS Center Sector Limits Call sign
channel
North limit—the N limit of Canakkale Bogazi VTS.
South limit—a line joining the following positions:
Gelibolu Sector Gelibolu 11
a. 40°21'33.6''N, 26°37'39.0''E.
b. 40°20'09.0''N, 26°39'45.0''E.
Canakkale North limit—the S limit of Sector Gelibolu.
Bogazi VTS South limit—a line joining the following positions:
Nara Sector Nara 12
a. 40°06'48.0''N, 26°20'12.0''E.
b. 40°05'42.0''N, 26°21'45.0''E.
North limit—the S limit of Sector Nara.
Kumkale Sector Kumkale 13
South limit—the S limit of Canakkale Bogazi VTS.
North limit—the N limit of Istanbul Bogazi VTS.
South limit—a line joining Anadolukavagi
Turkeli (41°10'42.0''N., 29°05'11.4''E.) and Dikilikaya Sector Turkeli 11
Feneri Light (41°10'58.2''N., 29°04'43.8''E.).
North limit—the S limit of Sector Turkeli.

Kandilli Sector Kandilli 12
South limit—Bogaziki Bridge.
North limit—Bogaziki Bridge.
South limit—a line joining the following positions:
a. 40°52'30.0''N, 29°13'48.0''E.
Istanbul Bogazi Kadikoy b. 40°48'30.0''N, 29°09'00.0''E. Sector Kadikoy 13
VTS c. 40°50'18.0''N, 28°52'00.0''E.
d. 40°55'06.0''N, 28°43'24.0''E.
e. 40°58'12.0''N, 28°43'24.0''E.
North and E limits—a line joining the following
positions:
a. 40°55'06.0''N, 28°43'24.0''E.
b. 40°50'18.0''N, 28°52'00.0''E.
Marmara c. 40°58'30.0''N, 29°09'00.0''E. Sector Marmara 14
d. 40°39'54.0''N, 29°09'00.0''E.
West limit—a line joining the following positions:
a. 40°41'00.0''N, 28°10'00.0''E.
b. 40°51'36.0''N, 28°10'00.0''E.
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Appendix III—Izmit VTS (IZMITRAP)

The Izmit Vessel Traffic Service (IZMITRAP) covers the en- ID Required Information
tire extent of Izmit Bay E of its W boundary, which is defined
as a line joining the following positions: Date and time (UTC) in a 6-digit group, giving
a. 40°52'30.0''N, 29°13'34.2''E. B day of month (two digits), hours (two digits), and
b. 40°48'26.4''N, 29°08'57.6''E. minutes (two digits).
c. 40°39'39.6''N, 29°08'39.6''E. Reporting position (latitude/longitude) in a 4-digit
The VTS area is subdivided into the following sectors: group giving latitude in degrees and minutes suf-
1. Sector Yalova—Bounded on the W by the W bound- C
fixed with N and a 5-digit group giving longitude
ary of the IZMIT VTS area and on the E by a line joining po- in degrees and minutes suffixed with E.
sition 40°45'20.4''N, 29°21'17.4''E and position
40°42'01.8''N, 29°23'51.0''E. Continuous maneuvering speed, in knots, includ-
F
2. Sector Hereke—Bounded on the W by a line joining ing decimals.
position 40°45'20.4''N, 29°21'17.4''E and position G Port of departure and departure time.
40°42'01.8''N, 29°23'51.0''E and on the E by a line joining
position 40°46'15.6''N, 29°35'00.0''E and position Date, time, and point of entry into the Izmit VTS
H
40°41'19.8''N, 29°35'30.0''E. area (UTC).
3. Sector Korfez—Bounded on the W by a line joining I Port of destination and ETA.
position 40°46'15.6''N, 29°35'00.0''E and position
Draft (fore and aft) and maximum air draft (4-dig-
40°41'19.8''N, 29°35'30.0''E and on the E by the coast. O
it group in meters and centimeters).
Vessels transiting the IZMITRAP VTS area are divided into
two categories, as follows: Cargo type and quantity and a description of dan-
1. Active Participant Vessels.—All vessels carrying gerous, noxious, and pollutant cargo (IMDG, IC-
dangerous cargo and all vessels with an loa of 20m and over. P GC, IBC, GC, and/or INF codes). In case of a
2. Passive Participant Vessels.—All vessels with an loa weapons shipment, give End User Certificate,
of less than 20m and local traffic vessels navigating within date, number, and copy.
the VTS area. Any defects, damage, deficiencies, or other limita-
Q
tions
Passive Participant Vessels do not need to report; however,
they must maintain a continuous listening watch on the rele- Vessel’s agent or representative (including facsim-
T
vant sector VHF channel and follow any instructions provided ile number), name, and surname of master.
by the VTS Center. Type of vessel, loa (in meters), beam (in meters),
All vessels navigating or at anchor in the VTS area should U gt, nt, whether double or single hull tanker, and
also maintain a continuous listening watch on the relevant sec- year of construction.
tor VHF channel.
Communication with the VTS area shall be in English; how- W Number of crew and passengers.
ever, Turkish vessels and vessels under pilotage may communi- P&I information (club name, policy number, and
cated in Turkish. validity).
The VTS Center and VTS sectors can be contacted, as fol- Total number of passengers on board.
lows: Last PSC date.
X
1. VHF: VHF channel 18 (Sector Yalova) CLC 92/CLC Bunker 2001 certificate number, va-
VHF channel 19 (Sector Hereke) lidity, and issuing authority.
VHF channel 20 (Sector Korfez) Type and estimated quantity of bunker fuel (in
2. Telephone: 90-262-5273818 metric tons.
3. Facsimile: 90-262-5262156
4. E-mail: [email protected] 2. Sailing Plan 2 (SP2).—Vessels declared technically
Vessels are to submit the following reports prior to entering suitable on the SP1 report and vessels of 20m loa and over
or when operating within the VTS area: shall send an SP2 to Sector Yalova on VHF 18 on arrival at
1. Sailing Plan 1 (SP1).—Masters, owners, or agents of the W limit of the Izmit VTS area, as well as 2 hours prior to
vessels on international voyages or vessels of 150 gt and leaving any berth, anchorage, or drydock within the VTS ar-
over engaged on national voyages, except local vessels, shall ea. This requirement does not apply to warships, state-owned
submit a written SP1 to the VTS Center at least 24 hours pri- vessels not used for commercial purposes, and local traffic
or to entering the Izmit VTS area. vessels.
The SP1 report shall contain the following information: The SP2 report shall contain the following information:
ID Required Information ID Required Information

Vessel name, call sign, flag, IMO Number, and Vessel name, call sign, flag, IMO Number, and
A A
MMSI Number MMSI Number.
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ID Required Information tering the sectors.

4. Final Report—Sent to the VTS Center, stating the
C/D Reporting position. vessel’s name and position, when the vessel has arrived at its
H Date and time of entry into the Izmit VTS area. destination within the VTS area or when the vessel has de-
parted the VTS area.
Any defects, damage, deficiencies, or other
Q
limitations. Note.—Unless otherwise stated by the VTS Center, a vessel
carrying a proper AIS transponder should not need to provide
3. Position Report.—Sent to the relevant VTS sector, the C/D designator required in SP2, the Position Report, or the
stating the vessel’s name and position, when leaving or en- Final Report.
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Appendix IV—Naval Prohibited Areas and Maritime Special Security Areas

BLACK SEA ISTANBUL BOGAZI (THE BOSPORUS)
Samsun Naval Prohibited Area.—An area bounded by the Turkeli Naval Prohibited Area.—An area bounded by the
coast and lines joining the following positions: coast and lines joining the following positions:
a. 41°18'39.0''N, 36°20'31.8''E. (coast) a. 41°08'46.8''N, 29°04'22.8''E. (coast)
b. 41°18'36.6''N, 36°20'38.4''E. b. 41°08'48.0''N, 29°04'12.6''E.
c. 41°18'25.8''N, 36°20'31.8''E. c. 41°09'45.0''N, 29°04'18.6''E.
d. 41°18'28.2''N, 36°20'24.6''E. (coast) d. 41°10'02.4''N, 29°04'26.4''E.
AMASRA Maritime Special Security Area.—An area e. 41°10'12.0''N, 29°05'00.0''E.
bounded by the coast and lines joining the following positions: f. 41°10'14.4''N, 29°05'03.0''E.
a. 41°44'36.6''N, 32°23'46.8''E. (coast) g. 41°10'24.6''N, 29°05'12.6''E.
b. 41°44'46.2''N, 32°23'46.2''E. h. 41°10'45.6''N, 29°05'10.8''E.
c. 41°44'49.8''N, 32°23'39.0''E. i. 41°10'49.2''N, 29°05'15.0''E.
d. 41°44'43.2''N, 32°23'22.2''E. (coast) j. 41°10'57.0''N, 29°05'38.4''E.
Bartin Naval Security Area.—An area bounded by the k. 41°11'00.0''N, 29°06'09.0''E.
coast and lines joining the following positions: l. 41°11'01.8''N, 29°06'16.8''E.
a. 41°41'22.2''N, 32°13'53.4''E. (breakwater) m. 41°11'22.2''N, 29°06'49.2''E.
b. 41°41'15.0''N, 32°13'54.6''E. n. 41°12'06.0''N, 29°07'03.0''E.
c. 41°41'05.4''N, 32°14'03.6''E. (coast) o. 41°12'04.2''N, 29°07'07.8''E.
Eregli Naval Security Area.—An area bounded by the p. 41°12'33.6''N, 29°07'48.0''E.
coast and lines joining the following positions: q. 41°13'34.2''N, 29°09'46.8''E.
a. 41°17'19.2''N, 31°23'46.2''E. (coast) r. 41°13'33.6''N, 29°10'25.2''E.
b. 41°16'53.4''N, 31°24'05.4''E. (end of existing mole) s. 41°14'15.0''N, 29°10'22.2''E.
c. 41°17'21.0''N, 31°24'36.0''E. (coast) t. 41°14'13.8''N, 29°12'47.4''E.
ERDEMIR Maritime Special Security Area.—An area u. 41°13'53.6''N, 29°12'51.0''E. (coast)
bounded by the coast and lines joining the following positions: Kanhcinar Naval Prohibited Area.—An area bounded by
a. 41°14'46.2''N, 31°24'18.0''E. (coast) the coast and lines joining the following positions:
b. 41°14'49.2''N, 31°24'03.6''E. a. 41°11'23.4''N, 29°04'55.2''E. (coast)
c. 41°15'00.0''N, 31°24'00.0''E. b. 41°11'21.6''N, 29°05'00.0''E.
d. 41°15'42.0''N, 31°24'06.0''E. c. 41°11'21.0''N, 29°05'01.2''E.
e. 41°15'49.2''N, 31°24'12.0''E. d. 41°12'00.0''N, 29°05'40.8''E.
f. 41°16'07.2''N, 31°24'00.0''E. e. 41°12'01.8''N, 29°05'46.8''E.
g. 41°16'22.2''N, 31°24'00.0''E. f. 41°12'24.6''N, 29°06'27.6''E.
h. 41°16'28.2''N, 31°24'04.2''E. g. 41°12'27.6''N, 29°06'23.4''E.
i. 41°16'30.6''N, 31°24'12.6''E. h. 41°12'56.4''N, 29°06'53.4''E.
j. 41°16'22.2''N, 31°24'37.2''E. i. 41°13'13.2''N, 29°06'31.2''E.
k. 41°16'19.2''N, 31°24'45.6''E. j. 41°14'07.8''N, 29°07'13.8''E.
l. 41°16'13.2''N, 31°24'48.0''E. k. 41°14'49.8''N, 29°05'39.6''E.
m. 41°16'14.4''N, 31°25'06.0''E. l. 41°14'46.2''N, 29°05'40.2''E. (coast)
n. 41°16'21.6''N, 31°25'06.0''E.
o. 41°16'28.8''N, 31°25'15.0''E. (coast) MARMARA DENIZI (SEA OF MARMARA)
Akcakoca Maritime Special Security Area.—An area
bounded by the coast and lines joining the following positions: Orencik Kayasi Naval Security Area.—An area bounded
a. 41°05'55.0''N, 31°13'06.0''E. (coast) by the coast and lines joining the following positions:
b. 41°07'46.3''N, 31°13'01.8''E. a. 40°58'05.4''N, 27°52'54.6''E.
c. 41°09'00.8''N, 31°11'35.6''E. b. 40°57'50.4''N, 27°52'54.0''E.
d. 41°10'17.1''N, 31°13'25.3''E. c. 40°57'45.6''N, 27°53'25.8''E.
e. 41°10'33.9''N, 31°13'01.3''E. d. 40°57'55.8''N, 27°54'07.2''E.
f. 41°09'20.5''N, 31°11'13.1''E. e. 40°58'12.0''N, 27°54'07.2''E.
g. 41°12'47.7''N, 31°08'39.7''E. Fernerbahce Naval Prohibited Area.—An area bounded
h. 41°12'35.6''N, 31°08'07.2''E. by lines joining the following positions:
i. 41°09'48.5''N, 31°10'11.5''E. a. 40°58'04.2''N, 29°01'55.8''E.
j. 41°10'06.8''N, 31°06'01.2''E. b. 40°57'58.8''N, 29°01'58.8''E.
k. 41°09'41.7''N, 31°06'02.0''E. c. 40°57'51.0''N, 29°01'57.0''E.
l. 41°09'21.5''N, 31°10'26.5''E. d. 40°57'51.0''N, 29°01'22.8''E.
m. 41°07'36.4''N, 31°12'27.6''E. e. 40°58'14.4''N, 29°01'22.8''E.
n. 41°05'49.8''N, 31°12'30.3''E. (coast) f. 40°58'14.4''N, 29°01'47.4''E.
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Pendik Naval Security Area.—An area bounded by the m. 40°44'27''N, 29°45'10''E.
coast and lines joining the following positions: n. 40°44'57''N, 29°44'45''E.
a. 40°52'06''N, 29°15'16''E. (coast) o. 40°44'10''N, 29°44'36''E.
b. 40°51'33''N, 29°14'56''E. p. 40°44'26''N, 29°47'02''E.
c. 40°51'15''N, 29°15'16''E. Izmit Bay—Dil Point Naval Prohibited Area.—An area
d. 40°51'06''N, 29°15'55''E. bounded by the coast and lines joining the following positions:
e. 40°51'18''N, 29°16'14''E. a. 40°44'39''N, 29°30'50''E. (coast)
f. 40°51'25''N, 29°16'04''E. (coast) b. 40°44'37''N, 29°31'45''E.
Tuzla Naval Security Area.—An area bounded by the coast c. 40°44'12''N, 29°31'45''E.
and lines joining the following positions: d. 40°44'23''N, 29°30'45''E. (coast)
a. 40°49'05.4''N, 29°16'10.2''E. (coast) Yalova Naval Security Area.—An area bounded by the
b. 40°49'12.0''N, 29°16'01.8''E. coast and lines joining the following positions:
c. 40°49'12.0''N, 29°15'48.6''E. a. 40°39'58.8''N, 29°18'05.4''E. (coast)
d. 40°48'55.8''N, 29°15'30.0''E. b. 40°40'03.0''N, 29°18'04.8''E.
e. 40°48'57.6''N, 29°15'17.4''E. c. 40°40'03.6''N, 29°18'10.8''E.
f. 40°48'51.0''N, 29°15'17.4''E. d. 40°40'00.6''N, 29°18'12.0''E. (coast)
g. 40°48'36.0''N, 29°15'27.6''E. Imrali Island Naval Prohibited Area.—An area bounded
h. 40°48'29.4''N, 29°15'31.2''E. by the coast and lines joining the following positions:
i. 40°48'22.2''N, 29°15'25.8''E. a. 40°28'00''N, 28°27'00''E. (coast)
j. 40°48'18.6''N, 29°15'24.6''E. b. 40°37'00''N, 28°27'00''E.
k. 40°48'10.2''N, 29°15'24.6''E. c. 40°37'00''N, 28°37'00''E.
l. 40°48'18.0''N, 29°15'51.0''E. d. 40°28'00''N, 28°37'00''E. (coast)
m. 40°48'37.2''N, 29°15'57.6''E. Erdek Naval Prohibited Area.—An area bounded by the
n. 40°48'39.6''N, 29°15'53.4''E. coast and lines joining the following positions:
o. 40°48'43.2''N, 29°15'58.8''E. a. 40°23'58''N, 27°49'00''E. (coast)
p. 40°48'46.2''N, 29°16'08.4''E. (coast) b. 40°23'04''N, 27°49'00''E.
Izmit Bay—Naval Prohibited Area.—An area bounded by c. 40°23'04''N, 27°48'04''E. (coast)
the coast and lines joining the following positions: Marmara Ereglisi Special Security Area.—An area
a. 40°43'03.0''N, 29°55'34.2''E. (coast) bounded by the coast and lines joining the following positions:
b. 40°43'13.2''N, 29°55'27.6''E. a. 40°59'13.8''N, 27°58'49.2''E. (coast)
c. 40°43'31.8''N, 29°56'06.0''E. b. 40°59'18.0''N, 27°59'19.2''E.
d. 40°43'16.2''N, 29°56'15.6''E. (coast) c. 40°59'31.2''N, 27°59'30.0''E.
Izmit Bay—Naval Prohibited Area.—An area bounded by d. 40°59'42.0''N, 27°59'31.2''E.
the coast and lines joining the following positions: e. 40°59'52.2''N, 27°59'25.2''E.
a. 40°43'42''N, 29°47'59''E. (coast) f. 41°00'15.0''N, 27°59'00.0''E. (coast)
b. 40°44'19''N, 29°48'31''E. Silivri Maritime Special Security Area.—An area bounded
c. 40°44'27''N, 29°49'22''E. by the coast and lines joining the following positions:
d. 40°44'13''N, 29°49'55''E. a. 41°04'30''N, 28°11'06''E. (coast)
e. 40°43'20''N, 29°49'54''E. (coast) b. 41°02'54''N, 28°10'48''E.
Izmit Bay—Naval Prohibited Area.—An area bounded by c. 41°03'00''N, 28°11'18''E.
the coast and lines joining the following positions: d. 41°02'24''N, 28°11'45''E. (coast)
a. 40°42'34''N, 29°42'29''E. (coast) Yesilkoy Maritime Special Security Area.—An area
b. 40°42'49''N, 29°42'29''E. bounded by the coast and lines joining the following positions:
c. 40°42'58''N, 29°42'54''E. a. 41°58'18.0''N, 28°50'55.2''E. (coast)
d. 40°42'56''N, 29°43'52''E. b. 41°57'50.8''N, 28°50'46.4''E.
e. 40°42'47''N, 29°43'52''E. (coast) c. 41°57'53.6''N, 28°50'38.4''E. (coast)
Izmit Bay—Korfez Special Energy Security Area.—An
area bounded by the coast and lines joining the following posi- CANAKKALE BOGAZI (THE DARDANELLES)
tions:
a. 40°45'59''N, 29°44'45''E. Umurbey Naval Security Area.—An area bounded by lines
c. 40°45'58''N, 29°44'08''E. a. 40°15'19''N, 26°33'16''E.
d. 40°45'56''N, 29°43'44''E. b. 40°15'58''N, 26°33'13''E.
e. 40°45'47''N, 29°43'48''E. c. 40°16'07''N, 26°33'33''E.
f. 40°45'43''N, 29°44'05''E. d. 40°15'58''N, 26°33'59''E.
g. 40°45'35''N, 29°44'18''E. Nara Naval Security Area.—An area bounded by the coast
h. 40°45'26''N, 29°44'26''E. and lines joining the following positions:
i. 40°44'25''N, 29°47'09''E. a. 40°09'25.8''N, 26°24'34.8'E. (coast)
j. 40°44'15''N, 29°47'10''E. b. 40°09'24.0''N, 26°24'30.6''E.
k. 40°44'15''N, 29°46'36''E. c. 40°09'49.8''N, 26°24'06.6''E.
l. 40°44'21''N, 29°45'51''E. d. 40°10'34.2''N, 26°24'03.0''E.
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e. 40°10'54.6''N, 26°24'12.6''E. e. 38°22'37.8''N, 26°17'25.8''E.

f. 40°11'18.0''N, 26°24'15.0''E. f. 38°22'34.2''N, 26°17'26.4''E.
g. 40°11'34.8''N, 26°24'16.8''E. g. 38°22'22.8''N, 26°17'12.6''E. (coast)
h. 40°11'48.6''N, 26°23'57.6''E. Akbuk Naval Prohibited Area.—An area bounded by the
i. 40°11'54.0''N, 26°24'01.8''E. coast and lines joining the following positions:
j. 40°12'09.0''N, 26°24'54.0''E. a. 37°22'20''N, 27°19'21''E. (coast)
k. 40°12'03.0''N, 26°25'12.0''E. b. 37°22'07''N, 27°19'34''E.
l. 40°11'54.0''N, 26°25'24.6''E. c. 37°21'44''N, 27°19'34''E.
m. 40°11'52.2''N, 26°25'22.2''E. (coast) d. 37°21'43''N, 27°19'13''E. (coast)
Kumkale Naval Prohibited Area.—An area bounded by
the coast and lines joining the following positions: GULF OF IZMIR
a. 40°00'20''N, 26°11'38''E. (coast)
b. 40°00'27''N, 26°10'48''E. Izmir—Naldoken CG Naval Security Area.—An area
c. 40°01'00''N, 26°12'12''E. bounded by the coast and lines joining the following positions:
d. 40°00'58''N, 26°12'21''E. a. 38°28'06.0''N, 27°09'27.6''E. (coast)
e. 40°00'36''N, 26°12'22''E. (coast) b. 38°28'05.4''N, 27°09'25.2''E.
Cankaya Point Naval Prohibited Area.—An area bounded c. 38°28'02.4''N, 27°09'24.0''E.
by the coast and lines joining the following positions: d. 38°28'02.4''N, 27°09'21.6''E.
a. 40°25'50.4''N, 26°41'42.0''E. (coast) e. 38°28'06.0''N, 27°09'21.0''E. (coast)
b. 40°25'51.6''N, 26°41'47.4''E. Foca Harbor Naval Prohibited Area.—An area bounded
c. 40°25'13.2''N, 26°42'03.0''E. by the coast and lines joining the following positions:
d. 40°25'09.0''N, 26°41'59.4''E. a. 38°39'56.6''N, 26°44'06.6''E. (coast)
e. 40°25'07.2''N, 26°41'25.2''E. b. 38°39'06.0''N, 26°43'02.4''E.
f. 40°25'00.0''N, 26°41'09.6''E. c. 38°37'31.2''N, 26°43'06.0''E.
g. 40°25'01.2''N, 26°40'50.4''E. d. 38°36'32.4''N, 26°44'18.6''E.
e. 38°36'34.2''N, 26°46'27.6''E.
AEGEAN SEA f. 38°36'52.2''N, 26°47'09.2''E.
Uzunada Naval Prohibited Area.—An area bounded by
Candarli Bay—Aliaga Special Security Area.—An area lines joining the following positions:
bounded by the coast and lines joining the following positions: a. 38°27'24.0''N, 26°42'48.6''E.
a. 38°49'57''N, 26°56'12''E. (coast) b. 38°27'19.2''N, 26°43'30.0''E.
b. 38°50'04''N, 26°56'06''E. c. 38°27'19.8''N, 26°44'34.2''E.
c. 38°50'16''N, 26°56'02''E. d. 38°27'54.0''N, 26°45'21.0''E.
d. 38°50'24''N, 26°56'24''E. e. 38°28'12.0''N, 26°45'31.2''E.
e. 38°50'25''N, 26°56'52''E. f. 38°29'03.6''N, 26°45'31.2''E.
f. 38°50'18''N, 26°56'57''E. g. 38°29'58.8''N, 26°44'58.2''E.
g. 38°50'18''N, 26°57'09''E. h. 38°31'24.6''N, 26°44'34.8''E.
h. 38°50'13''N, 26°57'16''E. i. 38°31'57.0''N, 26°44'31.8''E.
i. 38°49'52''N, 26°57'17''E. j. 38°32'29.4''N, 26°43'54.6''E.
j. 38°49'41''N, 26°57'09''E. k. 38°33'09.6''N, 26°42'47.4''E.
k. 38°49'21''N, 26°57'04''E. l. 38°33'19.2''N, 26°41'24.6''E.
l. 38°49'00''N, 26°56'52''E. m. 38°31'56.4''N, 26°41'07.8''E.
m. 38°48'53''N, 26°56'53''E. n. 38°29'46.8''N, 26°40'53.4''E.
n. 38°48'46''N, 26°57'14''E. o. 38°28'31.2''N, 26°41'10.2''E.
o. 38°48'49''N, 26°57'27''E. Mentes Naval Prohibited Area.—An area bounded by the
p. 38°48'40''N, 26°57'43''E. coast and lines joining the following positions:
q. 38°48'17''N, 26°57'46''E. (coast) a. 38°24'22''N, 26°41'11''E. (coast)
Gerence Bay Naval Prohibited Area.—An area bounded b. 38°24'19''N, 26°41'01''E.
by the coast and lines joining the following positions: c. 38°24'32''N, 26°40'50''E.
a. 38°28'48.0''N, 26°24'18.0''E. (coast) d. 38°25'01''N, 26°40'49''E.
b. 38°29'48.0''N, 26°20'00.0''E. e. 38°26'21''N, 26°42'24''E.
c. 38°23'42.0''N, 26°15'49.8''E. f. 38°26'25''N, 26°43'00''E.
d. 38°23'42.0''N, 26°24'00.0''E. g. 38°26'24''N, 26°43'29''E.
e. 38°26'37.8''N, 26°27'36.0''E. h. 38°26'23''N, 26°43'42''E.
f. 38°28'16.8''N, 26°27'00.0''E. (coast) i. 38°26'03''N, 26°44'13''E.
Ucburnu Naval Prohibited Area.—An area bounded by the j. 38°25'31''N, 26°44'39''E.
coast and lines joining the following positions: k. 38°24'49''N, 26°44'28''E.
a. 38°22'24.0''N, 26°17'01.8''E. (coast) l. 38°24'46''N, 26°44'17''E. (coast)
b. 38°22'33.6''N, 26°16'49.2''E. Naldoken Naval Security Area.—An area bounded by the
c. 38°22'37.2''N, 26°16'49.8''E. coast and lines joining the following positions:
d. 38°22'52.2''N, 26°17'07.2''E. a. 38°27'55.8''N, 27°08'22.8''E. (coast)
Pub. 140
736 Turkey
b. 38°27'46.8''N, 27°08'24.0''E. r. 36°07'24''N, 33°32'18''E.
c. 38°27'43.2''N, 27°08'21.0''E. s. 36°07'25''N, 33°32'34''E.
d. 38°27'37.2''N, 27°08'07.2''E. t. 36°07'47''N, 33°32'56''E.
e. 38°27'33.0''N, 27°08'04.8''E. u. 36°08'18''N, 33°31'56''E.
f. 38°27'28.8''N, 27°07'52.8''E. v. 36°08'20''N, 33°31'06''E.
g. 38°27'31.8''N, 27°07'34.8''E. (coast) w. 36°08'14''N, 33°32'59''E.
Yenikale Naval Security Area.—An area bounded by the x. 36°08'08''N, 33°31'57''E.
coast and lines joining the following positions: y. 36°08'19''N, 33°31'32''E.
a. 38°24'53.4''N, 27°00'58.2''E. (coast) z. 36°08'18''N, 33°31'40''E.
b. 38°24'55.2''N, 27°00'49.8''E. aa. 36°08'28''N, 33°31'07''E.
c. 38°25'01.8''N, 27°00'57.0''E. ab. 36°08'30''N, 33°31'16''E.
d. 38°25'09.0''N, 27°00'55.2''E. ac. 36°08'29''N, 33°31'23''E.
e. 38°25'16.8''N, 27°01'01.2''E. ad. 36°08'22''N, 33°31'27''E.
f. 38°25'13.2''N, 27°01'10.8''E. ae. 36°08'45''N, 33°31'01''E.
g. 38°25'03.0''N, 27°01'24.0''E. af. 36°08'43''N, 33°30'58''E.
h. 38°24'56.4''N, 27°01'16.8''E. (coast) ag. 36°08'33''N, 33°30'53''E.
Gulf of Iskenderun—Sugozu (ISKEN) Maritime Special
MEDITERRANEAN SEA Security Area.—An area bounded by the coast and lines join-
Marmaris Naval Prohibited Area.—An area bounded by a. 36°50'23.4''N, 35°53'25.2''E. (coast)
the coast and lines joining the following positions: 17 b. 36°50'20.0''N, 35°53'25.2''E.
a. 36°47'19''N, 28°24'24''E. (coast) c. 36°50'16.2''N, 35°53'42.6''E.
b. 36°47'06''N, 28°24'25''E. d. 36°50'05.4''N, 35°53'40.8''E.
c. 36°48'47''N, 28°28'43''E. e. 36°49'59.4''N, 35°53'52.8''E.
d. 36°49'00''N, 28°28'43''E. (coast) f. 36°49'55.2''N, 35°53'57.0''E.
Antalya Naval Security Area.—An area bounded by the g. 36°49'51.0''N, 35°53'58.8''E.
coast and lines joining the following positions: h. 36°49'47.4''N, 35°53'58.8''E.
a. 36°49'42''N, 30°36'08''E. (coast) i. 36°49'43.8''N, 35°53'57.6''E.
b. 36°49'34''N, 30°36'27''E. j. 36°49'41.4''N, 35°53'55.8''E.
c. 36°49'50''N, 30°36'44''E. (mole) k. 36°49'39.0''N, 35°53'52.2''E.
d. 36°49'53''N, 30°36'33''E. (end of quay) l. 36°49'24.0''N, 35°53'42.0''E.
e. 36°49'55''N, 30°36'22''E. (coast) m. 36°49'36.6''N, 35°53'36.6''E.
Mersin Military Port Naval Security Area.—An area n. 36°49'46.2''N, 35°53'16.2''E.
bounded by the coast and lines joining the following positions: o. 36°49'43.2''N, 35°52'58.8''E.
a. 36°47'07.8''N, 34°37'13.2''E. (coast) p. 36°49'43.2''N, 35°52'54.6''E.
b. 36°47'05.4''N, 34°37'15.6''E. q. 36°49'37.8''N, 35°52'40.1''E.
c. 36°47'11.4''N, 34°37'21.0''E. r. 36°49'40.2''N, 35°52'30.2''E.
d. 36°47'12.6''N, 34°37'22.8''E. (coast) s. 36°49'39.6''N, 35°52'28.2''E.
Mersin Military Port Naval Prohibited Area.—An area t. 36°49'39.8''N, 35°52'26.2''E. (coast)
bounded by the coast and a line joining the following positions: Gulf of Iskenderun—BOTAS (Ceyhan) Maritime Special
a. 36°48'21''N, 34°39'11''E. (corner of quay) Security Area.—An area bounded by the coast and lines join-
b. 36°48'20''N, 34°39'20''E. (corner of quay) ing the following positions:
Mersin Special Security Zone.—An area bounded by lines a. 36°52'03''N, 35°54'53''E. (coast)
joining the following positions: b. 36°51'39''N, 35°55'20''E.
a. 36°07'29''N, 33°33'48''E. c. 36°50'50''N, 35°54'40''E.
b. 36°07'27''N, 33°33'40''E. d. 36°50'06''N, 35°55'13''E.
c. 36°08'15''N, 33°34'23''E. e. 36°49'59''N, 35°56'22''E.
d. 36°08'06''N, 33°34'12''E. f. 36°51'30''N, 35°58'30''E.
e. 36°07'52''N, 33°34'11''E. g. 36°53'24''N, 35°56'42''E. (coast)
f. 36°07'46''N, 33°34'06''E. Gulf of Iskenderun—BOTAS (Dortyol) Maritime Special
g. 36°07'39''N, 33°33'57''E. Security Area.—An area bounded by the coast and lines join-
h. 36°08'44''N, 33°33'46''E. ing the following positions:
i. 36°08'28''N, 33°34'37''E. a. 36°52'12.2''N, 36°08'00.5''E. (coast)
j. 36°08'25''N, 33°34'27''E. b. 36°51'34.9''N, 36°07'06.4''E.
k. 36°09'18''N, 33°34'25''E. c. 36°50'45.3''N, 36°07'57.8''E.
l. 36°09'00''N, 33°34'44''E. d. 36°51'23.1''N, 36°08'53.1''E. (coast)
m. 36°07'33''N, 33°34'57''E. Gulf of Iskenderun—ISDEMIR Maritime Special Secu-
n. 36°07'25''N, 33°32'10''E. rity Area.—An area bounded by the coast and lines joining the
o. 36°07'24''N, 33°33'20''E. following positions:
p. 36°07'28''N, 33°33'31''E. a. 36°45'13.9''N, 36°11'31.1''E. (coast)
q. 36°07'30''N, 33°33'08''E. b. 36°45'11.4''N, 36°11'21.9''E.
Pub. 140
Turkey 737
c. 36°44'39.9''N, 36°11'20.7''E. a. 36°39'28''N, 36°12'49''E. (coast)

d. 36°44'04.1''N, 36°11'30.4''E. b. 36°39'26''N, 36°12'26''E.
e. 36°43'50.6''N, 36°11'07.9''E. c. 36°39'30''N, 36°12'17''E.
f. 36°43'23.9''N, 36°10'52.0''E. d. 36°39'37''N, 36°12'19''E.
g. 36°43'09.8''N, 36°11'51.9''E. (coast) e. 36°39'43''N, 36°12'55''E. (coast)
Gulf of Iskenderun—Iskenderum Naval Base Command
Naval Special Security Area.—An area bounded by the coast Iskederun Ulucinar Naval Security Area.—An area
and lines joining the following positions: bounded by the coast and lines joining the following positions:
a. 36°35'14.8''N, 36°08'30.7''E. (coast) a. 36°24'53''N, 35°53'09''E. (coast)
b. 36°35'17.6''N, 36°08'28.7''E. b. 36°25'04''N, 35°53'09''E.
c. 36°35'24.6''N, 36°08'40.9''E. c. 36°25'08''N, 35°52'52''E.
d. 36°35'23.2''N, 36°08'42.2''E. (coast) d. 36°25'05''N, 35°52'45''E.
Iskenderun Sanseki Naval Security Area.—An area e. 36°24'44''N, 35°52'29''E.
bounded by the coast and lines joining the following positions: f. 36°24'41''N, 35°52'32''E. (coast)
Pub. 140
717
TURKS AND CAICOS ISLANDS
General 717 Aids to navigation in the Turks and Caicos Islands have oc-
Buoyage System 717 casionally been reported to be unreliable.
Currency 717
Government 717 Currency
Holidays 718
Industries 718 The official unit of currency is the U.S. dollar.
Languages 718
Pilotage 718
Government
Regulations 718
Signals 718
Time Zone 719
U.S. Embassy 719
General
The Turks and Caicos Islands, lying E of the Bahamas, con-
sist of two small island groups with a total of over 40 islands
and cays, of which only eight are inhabited. Flag of the Turks and Caicos Islands
The islands consist of low flat limestone, with extensive
marshes and mangrove swamps. The Turks and Caicos Islands is a self-governing dependent
The climate is tropical marine moderated by the trade winds, overseas territory of the United Kingdom.
and is normally sunny and dry. Tropical storms and hurricanes Queen Elizabeth II is the chief of state. A Governor is ap-
are sometimes experienced. pointed by the Queen. The Premier is appointed by the Gover-
nor. The 19-member unicameral House of Assembly consists
Buoyage System of four appointed members and 15 directly-elected members
who serve 4-year terms.
The IALA Buoyage System (Region B) is in effect. See The legal system is based on English and civil law.
Chart No. 1 for further IALA Buoyage System information. The capital is Grand Turk (Cockburn Town).
Pub. 140
718 Turks and Caicos Islands
Holidays * Claims straight baselines.

Pilotage
January 1 New Year’s Day Pilotage is not compulsory in the Turks and Caicos Islands,
Second Monday in March Commonwealth Day but local pilots are available, if needed, at Grand Turk, South
Caicos, and Providenciales. Vessels should make pilotage ar-
Good Friday Variable rangements through their agent.
Regulations
End of May National Heroes’ Day
Second Saturday in June Queen’s Birthday Advance Notice
Vessels bound for any port in the Turks and Caicos Islands
August 30 Constitution Day should send their ETA, as well as the following information, to
September 30 National Youth Day the appropriate harbormaster on VHF channel 16 at least 24
hours prior to arrival:
October 17 Columbus Day 1. Vessel’s name.
December 10 Human Rights Day 2. Call sign.
3. Nationality.
December 25 Christmas Day 4. Length.
December 26 Boxing Day 5. Draft.
6. Gross tonnage.
7. Net tonnage.
Industries
Anchorage Restrictions
The main industries are tourism and offshore financial ser-
Vessels are warned that most of the traditional anchorages in
vices.
the Turks and Caicos Islands are located within National Ma-
The main exports are lobster, dried and fresh conch, and
rine Parks and are subject to restrictions. All vessels arriving
conch shells. The main export-trading partners are the United
from foreign ports should contact the appropriate harbormaster
States and the United Kingdom.
on VHF channel 16 for instructions and information prior to
The main imports are food and beverages, tobacco, clothing,
anchoring.
manufactured goods, and construction materials. The main im-
port-trading partners are the United States and the United
Kingdom. Search and Rescue
Languages The Turks and Caicos Islands Rescue Association is respon-

sible for coordinating search and rescue operations. MRCC
English is the official language. Grand Turk can be contacted by telephone, as follows:
a. 1-649-9462299
Navigational Information b. 1-649-9462399
c. 1-649-9462499
The maritime territorial claims of the Turks and Caicos Is-
lands are, as follows: Signals
Territorial Sea * 12 miles. Visual storms signals indicating a tropical storm is expected
to strike the islands within 12 hours are shown in the accompa-
Fisheries or Economic 200 miles. nying table titled Turks and Caicos Islands—Storm Warning
Zone Signals.
Turks and Caicos Islands—Storm Warning Signals

One square red flag, with Two red lights, vertically Storm warning. Winds of
a centered black square disposed. 48 to 63 knots expected.
Two square red flags, with One white light between
Hurricane warning. Winds
a centered black square, two red lights, vertically
over 63 knots expected.
vertically disposed disposed.
Pub. 140
Turks and Caicos Islands 719
Time Zone U.S. Embassy

The Time Zone description is QUEBEC (+4). Daylight Sav- The Turks and Caicos Islands is a dependent territory of the
ings Time is not observed. United Kingdom. There is no diplomatic representation.
Pub. 140
721
UKRAINE
General 721 General

Buoyage System 721
Cautions 721 Ukraine is located on the N coast of the Black Sea. It is bor-
Currency 722 dered by Poland, Slovakia, Hungary, Romania, and Moldova to
Government 722 the W; by Belarus to the N; and by Russia to the N and E.
Holidays 722 The climate is continental temperate, except for a Mediterra-
Ice 722 nean climate along the S coast of Crimea. The highest amount
Industries 722 of precipitation occurs in the W and N parts of the country;
Languages 722 lesser amounts fall in the E and SE.
Mined Areas 722 Winters vary from cool along the Black Sea coast to cold fur-
Navigational Information 723 ther inland. Summers are warm across the greater part of the
Offshore Drilling 723 country, but are hot in the S.
Pilotage 723 Most of Ukraine consists for fertile plains, known as steppes,
Pollution 726 and plateaus. Mountains are found only in the W (the Carpath-
Regulations 726 ian Mountains) and in the extreme S on the Crimean Peninsula.
Search and Rescue 731 Buoyage System
Signals 732
Time Zone 732 The IALA Buoyage System (Region A) is in effect. See
Traffic Separation Schemes 732 Chart No. 1 for further IALA Buoyage System information.
U.S. Embassy 732 It has been reported (2003) that navigational aids in
Vessel Traffic Service 732 Ukrainian waters may be different from those charted and de-
Appendix I—Chornomorsk Vessel Traffic Service 733 scribed in navigational publications. Mariners should use ex-
Appendix II—Port Yuzhnyy Vessel Traffic Service 735 treme caution when attempting to identify navigational aids.
Appendix III—Ochakiv Vessel Traffic Service, Russkaya In areas where sea ice forms during the winter, buoys may be
Kosa Vessel Traffic Service, and Shirokaya Balka Vessel removed.
Traffic Service 737
Appendix IV—Sevastopol Vessel Traffic Service 739 Cautions
Appendix V—Feodosiya Vessel Traffic Service 741
Appendix VI—Mariupol Vessel Traffic Service 743 High Speed Craft
Appendix VII—Ukraine-River Danube (Ust-Dunaysk) High speed craft operate off the coast of Ukraine. Vessels are
Regional Vessel Traffic Service 745 advised to maintain a good lookout.
Pub. 140
722 Ukraine
Local Magnetic Anomolies June 28 Constitution Day
Local magnetic anomalies are reported to exist in an area N
of a line joining Chornomorsk (46°19'N., 30°40'E.) and Dni- August 24 Independence Day
provskyi Lyman (46°36'N., 31°30'E.). The variations are Note.—When a Ukrainian holiday falls on
caused by local influences and vary from 5°W to 9°E. Saturday OR Sunday, it is usually observed on
Local magnetic anomalies have been reported in Kerch Monday. When a Ukrainian holiday falls on
Strait. Saturday AND on Sunday, it is usually observed on
Monday and Tuesday.
Currency
The official unit of currency is the hryvnia, consisting of 100
Ice
kopiykas. Ice may form during prolonged periods of frost which occur
in the winter in the N parts of the Black Sea and the Sea of
Government Azov. The severity of the winter, and therefore the extent and
thickness of the ice cover, varies in different years but even in
the most severe winter, only a relatively small part of the entire
Black Sea is affected by ice.
Navigation is usually only affected in the NW part of the
Black Sea, Kerchenskiy Proliv (Kerch Strait), and the Sea of
Azov. February is normally the month of greatest ice cover in
these areas.
In average winters, ice is found in a coastal belt and in bays
and estuaries from
Mys Tarkhankut (45°21'N., 32°30'E.)
N across the head of the Black Sea and down its W side to
the S of the delta of the Danube River. In extremely severe win-
Flag of Ukraine ters, pack ice may be found in the open sea N of the parallel of
Mys Tarkhankut.
Ukraine is a republic. The country is divided into 24 provinc- The coast from Mys Tarkhankut to Kerchenskiy Proliv
es, one autonomous republic, and two municipalities with the (Kerch Strait) is generally free of ice except during very severe
same status as a province. The United States does not recog- winters, when thin coastal ice may be formed.
nize Russia’s annexation of Ukraine’s Autonomous Republic In the Sea of Azov, between mid-December and late Febru-
of Crimea and the municipality of Sevastopol. ary, navigation is often hindered by ice and in many cases can
Ukraine is governed by a directly-elected President serving a only be maintained with the help of icebreakers. Navigation is
5-year term. The unicameral Supreme Council is composed of likely to be the most difficult of the N shore, in the entrance to
450 members serving 5-year terms; seats are allocated on a the Gulf of Taganrog, and with prolonged N or NE winds, in
proportional basis to those parties that gain 5 per cent or more the approaches to Kerchenskiy Proliv (Kerch Strait).
of the national electoral vote. Due to the Russian annexation of
Crimea and the partial occupation of two eastern Ukrainian Industries
provinces, 27 seats remain unfilled.
The legal system is based on civil law, with judicial review The main industries are agriculture, coal, electric power, fer-
of legislative acts. rous and non-ferrous metals, machinery and transport equip-
The capital is Kyiv (Kiev). ment, chemicals, and food processing.
The main exports are ferrous and non-ferrous metals, fuel
Holidays and petroleum products, chemicals, machinery and transport
equipment, and food products. The main export-trading part-
The following holidays are observed: ners are Russia, Turkey, China, Egypt, Italy, and Poland.
The main imports are energy, machinery and equipment, and
chemicals. The main import-trading partners are Russia, Ger-
January 1 New Year’s Day many, China, Belarus, and Poland.
January 7 Orthodox Christmas
March 8 International Women’s Day
Languages
Good Friday Variable Ukrainian is the official language.
Orthodox Easter Variable
Mined Areas
May 1-2 International Labor Day
May 9 Victory Day (World War II) A mine danger area in the Gulf of Taganrog is bounded by
Holy Trinity Variable a. 47°06.4'N, 38°06.0'E. (coast)
Pub. 140
Ukraine 723
b. 47°02.0'N, 38°06.0'E. the Russian occupation of Crimea.

c. 47°02.0'N, 37°43.0'E.
d. 47°04.9'N, 38°42.0'E. (coast) Internet Maritime Safety Information
Former mined areas in the Black Sea are located, as follows: Notice to Mariners are available, in English and Ukrainian,
1. Area No. 11 (45°32'N., 29°48'E.). from the Ukrainian State Hydrographic Service (http://
2. Area No. 12 (45°46'N., 30°08'E.). charts.gov.ua/pm_arhive_en.htm/index.php?akcja=on/hydrog-
3. Area No. 13 (45°45'N., 29°28'E.). raphy).
4. Area No. 14 (46°24'N., 31°00'E.).
5. Area No. 15 (46°36'N., 31°49'E.). Offshore Drilling
6. Area No. 15-A (46°32'N., 32°10'E.).
7. Area No. 16 (46°00'N., 32°18'E.). Oil and gas production platforms are situated between 20
8. Area No. 17 (45°40'N., 31°55'E.). and 40 miles NW of and 35 miles W of Mys Tarkhankut
9. Area No. 18 (45°56'N., 33°06'E.). (45°21'N., 32°30'E.). These platforms are connected to each
10. Area No. 19 (45°50'N., 31°08'E.). other by submarine gas pipelines, with one pipeline leading to
11. Area No. 19-A (45°33'N., 32°42'E.). the shore N of Karadzha Bay. All platforms are surrounded by
12. Area No. 20 (45°16'N., 32°24'E.). restricted areas with a radius of 500m.
13. Area No. 21 (44°45'N., 33°18'E.).
14. Area No. 22 (44°20'N., 33°30'E.). Pilotage
15. Area No. 23 (44°28'N., 34°11'E.).
16. Area No. 24 (44°56'N., 35°18'E.). Pilotage is compulsory for entry to and departure from all
17. Area No. 25 (44°59'N., 35°23'E.). Ukrainian ports, as well as for mooring and casting off, regard-
18. Area No. 26 (45°03'N., 35°33'E.). less of vessel type or size.
19. Area No. 27 (45°17'N., 36°30'E.). Pilots should be ordered, via the ship’s agent, 12 hours in ad-
Former mined areas in the Sea of Azovare located, as fol- vance and confirmed 4 hours prior to arrival, except as stated
lows: otherwise by local port authorities.
1. Area No. 50 (45°28'N., 36°00'E.).
2. Area No. 51 (45°26'N., 35°30'E.). Berdyansk (46°45'N., 36°46'E.)
3. Area No. 52 (46°06'N., 34°54'E.). Harbor pilotage is compulsory for all vessels except for pas-
4. Area No. 53 (46°30'N., 36°38'E.). senger vessels which regularly use the port. Vessels are also
5. Area No. 54 (46°42'N., 36°40'E.). subject to the pilotage regulations for Kerch Strait and the Sea
6. Area No. 55 (46°40'N., 36°49'E.). of Azov.
7. Area No. 59 (47°00'N., 37°30'E.). Harbor pilots board, as follows:
8. Area No. 60 (47°02'N., 37°46'E.). 1. Vessels with a draft of 6m and over—in the vicinity of
9. Area No. 63 (47°00'N., 38°02'E.). Lighted Buoy No. 2.
2. Vessels with a draft of less than 6m—in the vicinity of
Navigational Information Lighted Buoy No. 10.
Pilots can be contacted, as follows:
Enroute Volume 1. Telephone: 380-6153-62614
BA NP 24, Black Sea and Sea of Azov Pilot (British Admi- 2. Facsimile: 380-6153-62614
ralty publication) 3. E-mail: [email protected]
Departing vessels should request pilotage not later than 2
Maritime Claims hours prior to departure.
The maritime territorial claims of Ukraine are, as follows:
Bilhorod-Dnistrovskyy (46°12'N., 30°21'E.)
Territorial Sea * 12 miles. Pilotage is compulsory for entering, departing, mooring, or
shifting berth. The request for pilotage should be made at least
Fisheries or Economic 200 miles. 4 hours in advance. Vessels should confirm the pilot request
Zone with Port Control (call sign: Bilhorod-Dnistrovskyy Radio 2)
Continental Shelf Depth of 200m or the Limit on VHF channel 6, 10, or 16 at least 2 hours prior to arrival at
of Exploitation. the pilot boarding position stating that the vessel is ready for
pilotage operations. Pilots board in position 46°04'36.6''N,
* Claims straight baselines. In a joint statement with 30°31'30.6''E.
Russia, declared that the Sea of Azov and Kerchenskiy
Proliv (Kerch Strait) are historic internal waters of the two Dnipro-Buz’kyy (46°46'N., 31°57'E.)
states. See Mykolayiv.
Maritime Boundary Disputes Feodosiya (45°02'N., 35°26'E.)

The maritime boundary with Russia through the Sea of Azov Pilotage is compulsory for all vessels of 500 gross tons and
and Kerchenskiy Proliv (Kerch Strait) remains unresolved de- over and is available 24 hours. Vessels should request pilotage,
spite a 2003 framework agreement and ongoing discussions; via their agent, 24 hours and 4 hours prior to arrival at the pilot
further discussions on this dispute have been suspended due to boarding position.
Pub. 140
724 Ukraine
The pilot boards in the vicinity of Fairway Lighted Buoy. In confirming 2 hours prior to departure.
bad weather, the pilot boarding position will be agreed with the The pilot boards, as follows:
pilot. 1. Position 46°35.0'N, 31°20.0'E. (off Mys Adzhyyask)
Pilots can be contacted (call sign: Feodosiya Pilot) on VHF 2. In the vicinity of Lighted Buoy No. 120. (Berthing pi-
channels 10 and 11. lots)
Delta Pilots can be contacted on VHF channels 11 and 16
Chornormsk (Illichivsk) (46°19'N., 30°41'E.) and be telephone (380-512-550944). The berthing pilots can be
Pilotage is compulsory for all vessels of 500 gross tons and contacted by facsimile (380-552-325207 or 380-552-481304).
over and is available 24 hours. Vessels should request pilotage,
via their agent, 24 hours and 4 hours prior to arrival at Fairway Kiliya (45°26'N., 29°17'E.)
Lighted Buoy. See Ust-Dunaysk.
The pilot boards in the vicinity of Fairway Lighted Buoy. In
bad weather, the pilot boarding position will be agreed with the Mariupol (47°03'N., 37°30'E.)
pilot. Pilotage is compulsory for all foreign vessels and is available
Pilots can be contacted (call sign: Chornomorsk Pilot) on 24 hours. Vessels should request pilotage from the Vessel Traf-
VHF channels 12, 16, and 67. fic Service when submitting their initial report (see Appendix
VII).
Izmayil (45°19'N., 28°52'E.) The pilot boards in the vicinity of Lighted Buoy No. 1/Light-
Pilotage is compulsory for all vessels. Vessel should request ed Buoy No. 2. In bad weather, the pilot boarding position will
inbound pilotage 24 hours in advance, with a confirmation sent be agreed with the pilot.
6 hours prior to arrival at the pilot boarding position. Vessels The pilot can be contacted (call sign: Mariupol Delta Pilot)
should request outbound pilotage 8 hours in advance, with a on VHF channel 74.
confirmation sent 3 hours prior to departure.
The pilot boards at the 97 km point or 87 km point of the Mykolayiv (46°56'N., 31°59'E.)
Danube River, depending on the direction of navigation, or Pilotage is compulsory for all foreign vessels and is available
within the port limits at the 116 km point. 24 hours. Vessels should request pilotage not later than 2 hours
Pilots can be contacted, as follows: prior to arrival at the pilot boarding position.
1. Call sign: Izmayil Radio 11 The pilot boards, as follows:
2. VHF: VHF channel 14 1. Position 46°34'59.4''N, 31°19'54.0''E.
3. Telephone: 380-4841-21031 2. Harbor pilots normally board near Lighted Buoy No.
380-4841-48430 128.
4. Facsimile: 380-4841-48430 Pilots can be contacted, as follows:
Further pilotage information can be found at Ust-Dunaysk. 1. VHF: VHF channel 16
2. Telephone: 380-512-508346
Kerch Strait and Sea of Azov (45°56'N., 36°44'E.) 380-512-508004
Pilotage, which is available 24 hours, is compulsory, as fol- 380-512-508352
lows: 380-067-5126128
1. All foreign vessels. 3. Facsimile: 380-512-554036
2. All vessels in an emergency condition.
3. Oil tankers and vessels carrying dangerous cargo. Nika-Tera (46°51'N., 31°59'E.).
4. Nuclear-powered vessels. See Mykolayiv.
Pilotage is Kerch Strait is also compulsory for LPG vessels
with a draft of over 4.5m or a length of 120m and over. Ochakiv (46°36'N., 31°33'E.)
Pilotage in the Sea of Azov is also compulsory for all vessels Pilotage is compulsory for all vessels and is available 24
during the ice navigation season. hours. Vessels should request pilotage, via their agent, 48 hours
Vessels bound for Mariupol or Berdyansk should request pi- in advance, and confirming 6 hours and 2 hours prior to arrival
lotage from Kerch Strait VTS when submitting their initial re- at the pilot boarding position.
port (see Appendix VI). The pilot boards in position 46°34'59.4''N, 31°19'54.0''E.
Pilots board, as follows: Pilots can be contacted, as follows:
1. Northbound vessels—near Lighted Buoy No. 1/Light- 1. Call sign: Ochakiv Radio 17
ed Buoy No. 2. 2. VHF: VHF channels 12 and 16
2. Southbound vessels—near Varzovskiy Lighted Buoy. 3. Telephone: 380-512-550944
The pilot can be contacted (call sign: Kerch Pilot Station) on
VHF channels 16 and 65. Odesa (46°30'N., 30°45'E.)
For information on sea pilotage, see Chornomorsk.
Kherson (46°37'N., 32°36'E.) Pilotage is compulsory for all vessels. Vessels requiring a
Pilotage is compulsory for all foreign vessels and is available harbor pilot should request the pilot through Port Operations
24 hours. Vessels should request pilotage, via their agent, 48 which can be contacted, as follows:
hours in advance, confirming 24 hours and 6 hours prior to ar- 1. Call sign: Odessa Radio 2
rival at the pilot boarding position. 2. VHF: VHF channel 22
Departing vessels should request a pilot 8 hours in advance, 3. Telephone: 380-48-7294495
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Ukraine 725
4. Facsimile: 380-48-7293627 Ust-Dunaysk (45°28'N., 29°42'E.)

The pilot boards either 2 miles E of Vorontsovskiy Light or Pilotage is compulsory for all vessels of 500 gross tons and
in the anchorage. over and is available 24 hours. Vessel should request inbound
The pilot boat can be contacted (call sign: Pilot Boat) on pilotage via their agent 24 hours in advance, with confirmation
VHF channel 14. sent 6 hours prior to arrival at the pilot boarding position. Ves-
sels should request outbound pilotage 8 hours in advance, with
Oktyabrsk (Stevedoring Company Olivia) (46°50'N., confirmation sent 3 hours prior to departure. Failure to confirm
31°57'E.). the pilot request at the appropriate time will result in the can-
The pilot boards, as follows: cellation of the pilot request; vessels will then have to resubmit
1. Inbound vessels—On approach to Lighted Buoy 105 the request.
and Lighted Buoy 106. Pilotage requests should contain the following information:
2. Outbound vessels—At the berth or in Anchorage Area 1. Length overall.
No. 363. 2. Beam.
For further information, see Mykolayiv. 3. Moulded depth.
4. Full maneuvering speed.
Port Yuzhnyy (Yuzhne) (46°36'N., 31°01'E.) 5. Present maximum draft fore and aft.
Pilotage is compulsory for all vessels of 500 gross tons and The pilot boards, as follows:
over and is available 24 hours. Vessels should request pilotage, 1. Ust-Dunaysk—1.4 miles ENE of Ust-Dunaysk Light-
via their agent, 24 hours and 12 hours prior to arrival at the pied Buoy.
lot boarding position. 2. Danube ports (south approach)—in position
The pilot boards, as follows: 45°18'39.0''N, 29°49'17.4''E (Bystoye Channel).
1. Harbor pilot—in position 46°31.8'N, 30°57.0'E. 3. Izmayil, Reni, Kiliya, and Vylkove—in their respec-
2. Off Mys Adzhyyask in position 46°34'59.4''N, tive roadsteads.
31°19'54.0''E. 4. Izmayil Catal—116 km point.
3. In bad weather—by agreement with the pilot. 5. Izmayil port area—97 km point or 87 km point, de-
Pilots disembark in position 46°32'24.0''N, 30°55'53.4''E. pending on the direction of navigation.
Pilots can be contacted (call sign: Yuzhnyy Pilot) on VHF Pilots can be contacted, as follows:
channels 12 and 67. 1. Call sign: Izmayil Radio 11
2. VHF: VHF channel 14
Reni (45°28'N., 28°16'E.) 3. Telephone: 380-4841-21031
See Ust-Dunaysk. 380-4841-48430
4. Facsimile: 380-4841-48430
Sevastopol (44°37'N., 33°32'E.)
Pilotage is compulsory for all vessels of 500 gross tons and Yalta (44°29'N., 34°10'E.)
is available 24 hours. Pilotage is compulsory for all vessels and is available 24
The pilot boards, as follows: hours. The pilot boards 2 miles SE of Yalta Light.
1. Commercial port—In position 44°37'07.8''N, The vessel’s ETA at the pilot boarding position should be
33°24'04.2''E. confirmed when crossing the parallel of Mys Aytodor or the
2. Other areas—In position 44°37'31.6''N, 33°27'43.8''E. meridian of Mys Nykitin, stating the following information:
It has been reported (2012) that pilots for the Fishing Port 1. Vessel name, flag, and call sign.
board, as follows: 2. Length overall, maximum width, and draft fore and aft.
1. Vessels less than 10,000 dwt—In position 3. Number of passengers.
44°37'07.8''N, 33°24'04.2''E. 4. Last port and destination port.
2. Vessels greater than 10,000 dwt—In position 5. Type of cargo and nature of consignees.
44°39'24.6''N, 33°18'21.6''E. 6. Tug, fresh water, and provisioning requirements.
Pilots can be contacted (call sign: Sevastopol Pilot) on VHF Pilots can be contacted on VHF channels 14 and 16.
channels 9, 14, and 16.
Yevpatoriya (45°11'N., 33°23'E.)
Skadovsk (46°07'N., 32°55'E.) Pilotage is compulsory for all non-Ukrainian flag vessels. Pi-
Pilotage is compulsory, as follows: lots are requested 24 hours, 12 hours, and 4 hours prior to ar-
1. Vessels of 500 gross tons and over. rival. If the vessel’s transit time from the previous port is less
2. Vessels with an loa of 50m and over. than 6 hours, the master shall advise the arrival time when de-
3. Vessels with a draft of 3.5m and over. parting the previous port and supply full details no later than 2
Pilots should be requested from the harbormaster at least 24 hours prior to arrival.
hours in advance. and confirmed 6 hours prior to arrival. The pilot boards, as follows:
The pilot boards in position 45°59'57.6''N, 33°04'03.6''E. 1. Yevpatoriya port—In the vicinity of Cape Karantynni
The harbormaster can be contacted, as follows: East Lighted Buoy (45°10'41.4''N., 38°22'56.4''E.) or within
1. VHF: VHF channel 16 Anchorage Area No. 382.
2. Telephone: 380-5537-52022 2. Duzlav Lake—In position 45°19'03.6''N, 32°58'40.2''
3. Facsimile: 380-5537-54590 E or within Anchorage Area No. 379 or Anchorage Area No.
4. E-mail: [email protected] 381.
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726 Ukraine
Pollution Areas Prohibited for Navigation
The Black Sea and the Sea of Azov are Special Areas under East of Mys Fiolent
the terms of The International Convention for the Prevention of Area 104—Area bounded by the shoreline and lines joining
pollution from Ships 1973, as modified by the Protocol of 1978 the following positions:
(MARPOL 73/78). All discharge of oil at sea is prohibited and a. 44°30.0'N, 33°31.0'E. (shore)
special regulation apply to the discharge of garbage. b. 44°29.4'N, 33°31.0'E.
c. 44°29.4'N, 33°31.9'E.
d. 44°29.8'N, 33°31.9'E. (shore)
MARPOL Special Area
The Black Sea has been designated as a MARPOL Special Sevastopol Outer Roadstead
Area. MARPOL Special Areas are sea areas where special Area 108—Area bounded by lines joining the following po-
mandatory methods for the prevention of oil pollution in the sitions:
sea have been adopted. a. 44°40'51''N, 33°32'02''E.
Further information can be found in North Atlantic b. 44°41'00''N, 33°32'02''E.
Ocean—Pollution—MARPOL Special Areas. c. 44°41'00''N, 33°32'28''E.
d. 44°40'51''N, 33°32'28''E.
Regulations Feodosiyska Zatoka

Vessels should send their ETA via their agent 12 days, 96 joining the following positions:
hours, and 12 hours in advance. Oil, gas, and chemical tankers a. 45°02.5'N, 35°48.6'E. (shore)
should however, confirm their ETA 14 days, 72 hours, and 12 b. 45°01.0'N, 35°47.0'E.
hours before arrival. c. 45°04.6'N, 35°34.0'E.
The following Ukrainian ports are open to international d. 45°04.4'N, 35°26.0'E.
trade: e. 45°06.3'N, 35°27.9'E. (shore)
1. Berdyans’k (46°45'N., 36°46'E.).
2. Bilhorod-Dnistrovs’kyy (46°11'N., 30°22'E.). Mys Chauda to Mys Kyz-Aul
3. Chernomorsk (45°33'N., 32°49'E.). Area No. 115—Area bounded by the shoreline and lines
4. Feodosiya (44°02'N., 35°23'E.). joining the following positions:
5. Illichivs’k (46°19'N., 30°40'E.). a. 45°03.5'N, 36°22.5'E. (shore)
6. Kerch (45°22'N., 36°29'E.). b. 44°52.1'N, 36°22.5'E.
7. Kherson (46°38'N., 32°37'E.). c. 44°49.6'N, 35°50.5'E.
8. Mykolayiv (46°57'N., 31°58'E.). d. 44°57.5'N, 35°33.5'E.
9. Odesa (46°30'N., 30°45'E.). e. 45°04.5'N, 35°33.5'E.
10. Port Dnipro-Bux’kyy (46°46'N., 31°57'E.). f. 45°00.0'N, 35°50.5'E. (shore)
11. Port Mriupol (47°03'N., 37°30'E.).
12. Port Yuzhnyy (46°36'N., 31°01'E.). Osero Sans’ke to Mys Kostyantynivs’kyy
13. Sevastopol (44°36'N., 33°32'E.). Area No. 123—Area bounded by the shoreline and lines
14. Skadovsk (46°07'N., 32°55'E.). joining the following positions:
15. Yalta (44°30'N., 34°10'E.). a. 45°06.3'N, 33°32.7'E. (shore)
b. 45°06.3'N, 33°24.0'E.
c. 45°03.3'N, 33°17.5'E.
Restricted Areas d. 44°40.8'N, 33°17.5'E.
e. 44°40.0'N, 33°19.8'E.
Regulated Areas include all areas where navigation, fishing, f. 44°38.6'N, 33°27.8'E.
or anchoring is prohibited or restricted. Regulated Areas also g. 44°37.9'N, 33°30.8'E. (shore)
include areas designated as temporarily dangerous for naviga-
tion; as these prohibitions are for an indefinite period they are South of Bukhta Gollandiya
described below as prohibited areas. Area No. 124—Area bounded by lines joining the following
Areas periodically declared dangerous for navigation which positions:
may also include various firing danger and exercise areas, lie a. 44°37'03''N, 33°33'33''E.
partly or wholly outside Russian territorial waters. The times b. 44°37'10''N, 33°33'31''E.
which these areas are dangerous to navigation are broadcast as c. 44°37'05''N, 33°34'00''E.
PRIPS and NAVIPS. The warnings are broadcast 3 to 5 days d. 44°37'03''N, 33°34'00''E.
prior to the start of the dangerous operations and repeated each
day until their completion. East of the Entrance to Kilen Bukkhta
Caution.—Many Regulated Navigation Areas are not chart- Area No. 125—Area of unknown boundaries in the vicinity
ed. Information on those areas described as having unknown of position 44°37'N, 33°34'E.
boundaries should be obtained from local authorities. Note.—This area is located close S of Area No. 124.
Pub. 140
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Bukhta Matushenko/Kostyantynivs’ka Bukhta and Ap- Areas Prohibited for Stopping, Anchoring, Fishing, Under-
proaches water and Dredging Operations, Navigating with a Trailing
Area No. 129—Area bounded by the shoreline and lines Anchor, and Underwater Explosions
joining the following approximate positions:
a. 44°37'40''N, 33°31'33''E. (shore) Dnestrovsko-Tsaregradskoye Girlo
b. 44°37'38''N, 33°31'27''E. Area No. 602—Area of unknown boundaries in the SE en-
c. 44°37'37''N, 33°31'12''E. trance to in the vicinity of position 46°05'N, 30°28'E.
d. 44°37'33''N, 33°31'06''E.
e. 44°37'25''N, 33°30'37''E. Dnistrovskyy Lyman
f. 44°37'28''N, 33°34'44''E. (shore) Area No. 603—Area of unknown boundaries in the vicinity
Mys Nikita of position 46°12'N, 30°23'E.
joining the following approximate positions: Odesa
a. 44°30.5'N, 34°15.1'E. (shore) Area No. 605—Area of unknown boundaries in the vicinity
b. 44°30.4'N, 34°15.4'E. of position 46°29.6'N, 30°45.6'E.
c. 44°30.2'N, 34°15.1'E.
d. 44°30.1'N, 34°14.7'E. Mykolayiv
e. 44°30.3'N, 34°14.7'E. (shore) Area No. 609—Area bounded, as follows:
1. Southwest boundary—A line joining the shoreline in
East of Mys Sarych position 46°58'36''N, 31°56'06''E and the shoreline in posi-
Area No. 135—Area bounded by the shoreline and lines tion 46°57'55''N, 31°56'48''E.
joining the following approximate positions: 2. Northeast boundary—A line joining the shoreline in
a. 44°23.3'N, 33°44.5'E. (shore) position 46°58'51''N, 31°56'20''E and the shoreline in posi-
b. 44°22.6'N, 33°44.5'E. tion 46°58'07''N, 31°57'06''E.
c. 44°22.6'N, 33°46.5'E.
d. 44°23.2'N, 33°46.5'E. (shore) Area No. 610—Area bounded, as follows:
1. Southwest boundary—A line joining the shoreline in
West of Mys Troitsky position 46°59'12''N, 31°57'48''E and the shoreline in posi-
Area No. 136—Area bounded by the shoreline and lines tion 46°59'02''N, 31°58'18''E.
joining the following positions: 2. Northeast boundary—A line joining the shoreline and
a. 44°24'17''N, 33°50'24''E. (shore) the following positions:
b. 44°22'35''N, 33°50'24''E. a. 46°59'57''N, 31°57'26''E. (shore)
c. 44°22'35''N, 33°53'18''E. b. 46°59'20''N, 31°58'49''E.
d. 44°24'11''N, 33°53'18''E. (shore) c. 46°59'11''N, 31°58'48''E. (shore)
Area No. 611—Area bounded, as follows:
West of Mys Ay-Todor a. West boundary—A line joining the shoreline in posi-
Area No. 137—Area of unknown boundaries in the vicinity tion 46°58.81'N, 31°59.73''E and the shoreline in position
of position 44°25'N, 34°06'E. 46°58.70''N, 31°59.68'E.
b. East boundary—A line joining the shoreline in posi-
Odesa tion 46°58.78'N, 31°59.84'E and the shoreline in position
Area No. 184—Area bounded by the Old Sea Wall and lines 46°59.68'N, 31°59.78'E.
a. 46°29'52.5''N, 30°44'41.0''E. (Old Sea Wall) Ruskaya Kosa
b. 46°29'55.0''N, 30°45'06.0''E. Area No. 612—Area bounded by the shoreline and lines
c. 46°29'53.5''N, 30°45'21.0''E. joining the following positions:
d. 46°29'39.5''N, 30°45'26.0''E. (Old Sea Wall) a. 46°44'52''N, 31°56'06''E. (shore)
b. 46°44'47''N, 31°55'57''E.
Mys Kikineyz c. 46°44'00''N, 31°55'57'E.
Area No. 197—Area bounded by the shoreline and lines d. 46°44'00''N, 31°56'36''E.
joining the following approximate positions: e. 46°44'44''N, 31°56'36''E. (shore)
a. 44°23.5'N, 33°58.1'E. (shore)
b. 44°23.1'N, 33°58.3'E. West of Mys Khersoneskyi
c. 44°23.3'N, 33°59.4'E. Area No. 613—Area bounded by the shore and lines joining
d. 44°24.0'N, 33°59.1'E. (shore) the following approximate positions:
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728 Ukraine
a. 44°35.0'N, 33°13.0'E. (shore) e. 44°37'05.3"N, 33°31'54.6"E.
b. 44°39.5'N, 33°13.0'E. f. 44°27'04.7"N, 33°32'09.6"E.
c. 44°58.0'N, 32°44.0'E. g. 44°37'03.6"N, 33°32'12.8"E.
d. 44°52.5'N, 32°30.0'E. h. 44°37'10.2"N, 33°32'18.6"E.
e. 44°44.0'N, 32°30.0'E. i. 45°37'15.0"N, 33°32'16.4"E.
f. 44°19.0'N, 33°15.0'E. j. 45°37'24.7"N, 33°32'27.3"E.
g. 44°19.0'N, 33°27.0'E. k. 45°37'24.1"N, 33°32'46.6"E.
h. 44°16.5'N, 33°47.0'E. l. 45°37'16.1"N, 33°32'30.6"E.
i. 44°17.0'N, 33°51.0'E. m. 45°37'12.5"N, 33°32'21.6"E.
j. 44°20.0'N, 33°51.5'E. n. 45°37'08.3"N, 33°32'21.9"E.
k. 44°23.6'N, 33°46.0'E. (shore) o. 45°37'08.3"N, 33°32'33.6"E.
p. 45°37'05.8"N, 33°32'42.6"E.
Kherson q. 45°36'58.3"N, 33°32'36.6"E.
Area No. 614—Area bounded, as follows r. 45°36'58.1"N, 33°31'57.3"E.
a. 46°37.17'N, 32°36.63'E. (shore) s. 45°37'00.5"N, 33°31'36.8"E.
b. 46°36.89'N, 32°36.92'E. (shore) and continuing NE t. 45°37'06.9"N, 33°31'33.6"E.
along the shoreline to u. 45°37'10.8"N, 33°31'30.1"E.
c. 46°36.98'N, 32°37.05'E. (shore) v. 45°37'26.3"N, 33°31'49.6"E.
d. 46°37.07'N, 32°37.16'E. w. 45°37'27.3"N, 33°31'39.6"E.
e. 46°37.42'N, 32°36.99'E. (shore) and continuing WSW x. 45°37'37.7"N, 33°31'34.2"E.
along the shoreline to Area No. 627—Area bounded by lines joining the following
f. 46°37.42'N, 32°36.88'E. (shore) approximate positions:
g. 46°37.32'N, 32°36.74'E. (shore) and continuing SW 1. West boundary—A line joining the shoreline in posi-
along the shoreline to position a above tion 44°37'18''N, 33°33'57''E.; position 44°37'15''N,
Area No. 615—Area bounded, as follows: 33°33'39''E.; and the shoreline in position 44°36'56''N,
a. 46°37.67'N, 32°37.43'E. (shore) 33°33'24''E.
b. 46°37.51'N, 32°37.70'E. (shore) and continuing NE 2. East boundary—A line joining the shoreline in posi-
along the shoreline to tion 44°36'57''N, 33°34'07''E and the shoreline in position
c. 46°37.54'N, 32°37.73'E. (shore) 44°37'14''N, 33°34'12''E.
d. 46°37.56'N, 32°37.79'E. (shore) and continuing NE
along the shoreline to Feodosiyska Zakota
e. 46°37.65'N, 32°37.92'E. (shore) Area No. 630—Area bounded by lines joining the following
f. 46°37.80'N, 32°37.67'E. (shore) and continuing SW positions:
along the shoreline to position a above a. 45°02.0'N, 35°29.6'E.
Area No. 616—Area bounded, as follows: b. 45°03.1'N, 35°27.4'E.
1. Southwest boundary—A line joining the shoreline in c. 45°03.7'N, 35°28.7'E.
position 46°38.05'N, 32°38.03'E and the shoreline in posi- Area No. 635—Area bounded by lines joining the following
tion 46°37.90'N, 32°38.23'E. positions:
2. Northeast boundary—A line joining the shoreline in a. 45°01.0'N, 35°32.9'E.
position 46°38.14'N, 32°38.16E and the shoreline in position b. 45°03.8'N, 35°31.7'E.
46°38.02'N, 32°38.40'E. c. 45°03.8'N, 35°32.9'E.
Tendrivska Kosa Mys Khersoneskyy to Mys Fiolent

of position 46°22'N, 31°32'E. approximate positions:
a. 44°29.0'N, 33°29.8'E.
Kozacha Bukhta b. 44°27.6'N, 33°27.4'E.
Area No. 623—Area bounded by lines joining the following c. 44°33,8'N, 33°19.8'E.
approximate positions: d. 44°35.4'N, 33°22.0'E.
a. 44°35'00''N, 34°24'14''E.
b. 44°35'03''N, 34°24'14''E. Mys Khersoneskyy to Mys Sarych
c. 44°35'03''N, 34°24'20''E. Area No. 634—Area bounded by the shoreline and lines
d. 44°35'00''N, 34°24'20''E. joining the following positions:
a. 44°35.6'N, 33°23.7'E. (shore)
Sevastopolskaya Bukhta b. 44°39.7'N, 33°23.7'E.
positions: d. 44°40.6'N, 33°08.1'E.
a. 44°37'36.8"N, 33°31'42.4"E. e. 44°34.7'N, 33°06.3'E.
b. 44°37'32.3"N, 33°31'57.6"E. f. 44°27.2'N, 33°10.0'E.
c. 44°37'26.3"N, 33°32'06.6"E. g. 44°18.0'N, 33°27.2'E.
d. 44°37'09.0"N, 33°31'47.0"E. h. 44°16.6'N, 33°47.5'E.
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i. 44°16.5'N, 33°50.8'E. Feodosiyska Zakota

j. 44°19.5'N, 33°51.2'E. Area No. 667—Area of unknown boundaries in the vicinity
k. 44°26.3'N, 33°46.5'E. (shore) of position 45°04'N, 35°24'E.
Mys Bashennyy to Mys Peshchernyy North and Northwest of Mys Tarkhankut

Area No. 636—Area bounded by the shoreline and lines Area No. 668—Area bounded by the shoreline and lines
joining the following positions: joining the following positions:
a. 44°47.8'N, 34°41.8'E. (shore) a. 45°25.9'N, 32°31.7'E. (shore)
b. 44°37.5'N, 34°48.2'E. b. 45°23.6'N, 32°12.0'E.
c. 44°37.3'N, 34°56.8'E. c. 45°22.0'N, 32°12.2'E.
d. 44°49.0'N, 34°54.8'E. (shore) d. 45°23.3'N, 32°28.9'E. (shore)
joining the following positions: North of Mys Malyy
a. 44°49.3'N, 35°07.7'E. (shore) Area No. 690—Area bounded by lines joining the following
b. 44°41.0'N, 35°09.8'E. approximate positions:
c. 44°41.0'N, 35°20.4'E. a. 45°10.0'N, 36°24.9'E.
d. 44°43.2'N, 35°25.0'E. b. 45°10.3'N, 36°24.9'E.
e. 44°48.9'N, 35°21.3'E. c. 45°10.3'N, 36°25.1'E.
f. 44°48.9'N, 35°46.8'E. d. 45°10.1'N, 36°25.1'E.
g. 44°49.9'N, 35°46.8'E.
h. 44°59.9'N, 35°27.0'E. North of Mys Ak-Burun
i. 45°01.5'N, 35°29.0'E. Area No. 691—Area bounded by lines joining the following
j. 45°02.0'N, 35°27.8'E. approximate positions:
k. 45°00.8'N, 35°25.3'E. (shore) a. 45°20.0'N, 36°29.5'E.
b. 45°20.0'N, 36°29.9'E.
Sudakskaya Bukhta c. 45°19.8'N, 36°29.9'E.
Area No. 637—Area of unknown boundaries in the vicinity d. 45°19.8'N, 36°29.5'E.
of position 44°50'N, 34°58'E.
Kosa Arabatska Strilka
East of Mys Chauda Area No. 693—Area bounded by the shoreline and lines
a. 45°00.6'N, 35°52.6'E. (shore) b. 45°50.5'N, 34°56.7'E.
b. 44°57.5'N, 35°52.6'E. c. 45°49.6'N, 34°57.7'E.
c. 44°57.5'N, 35°55.6'E. d. 45°49.2'N, 34°56.5'E. (shore)
d. 45°01.3'N, 35°55.6'E. (shore)
Kosa Biryuchyy Ostriv
Skaly Korabl Kamen Area No. 694—Area bounded by the shoreline and lines
a. 45°00.7'N, 36°07.6'E. b. 46°08.0'N, 35°00.0'E.
b. 44°58.2'N, 36°07.6'E. c. 46°04.8'N, 34°58.0'E.
c. 44°58.2'N, 36°11.2'E. d. 46°03.0'N, 35°00.0'E.
d. 45°00.7'N, 36°11.2'E. e. 46°03.0'N, 35°05.5'E.
f. 46°10.0'N, 35°15.0'E.
Tendrivska Kosa g. 46°13.8'N, 35°15.0'E. (shore)
of position 46°20'N, 31°33'E. Obytichna Kosa
Northwest of Tarkhankutskyy Pivostriv joining the following positions:
Area No. 663—Area bounded by the shoreline and lines a. 46°32.6'N, 36°09.0'E. (shore)
a. 45°25.3'N, 32°00.0'E. (shore) c. 46°29.8'N, 36°08.0'E. (shore)
b. 45°33.5'N, 32°17.9'E.
c. 45°30.3'N, 32°14.7'E. Areas Prohibited for Anchoring and Fishing
d. 45°23.7'N, 32°29.2'E. (shore)
Balaklavaskaya Bukhta
Southwest of Mys Velkyy Fontan Area No. 633—Area bounded by lines joining the following
Area No. 665—A circular area with a radius of 0.25 mile positions:
and centered on position 46°21'02''N, 30°42'44''E. a. 44°27.7'N, 33°34.5'E.
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730 Ukraine
b. 44°27.7'N, 33°35.8'E. c. 44°51.5'N, 33°11.0'E.
c. 44°26.7'N, 33°35.8'E. d. 44°45.0'N, 33°11.0'E.
d. 44°26.7'N, 33°34.5'E.
West of Tarkhankutskyy Pivostriv
North of Sevastopol Area No. 723—Area bounded by lines joining the following
positions: a. 45°23.6'N, 32°12.0'E.
a. 44°39'29''N, 33°25'19''E. b. 45°21.3'N, 31°51.7'E.
b. 44°38'47''N, 33°25'19''E. c. 45°15.7'N, 31°39.3'E.
c. 44°38'11''N, 33°29'19''E. d. 45°14.5'N, 31°40.3'E.
d. 44°39'29''N, 33°29'19''E. e. 45°19.7'N, 31°51.8'E.
f. 45°22.0'N, 32°12.2'E.
Areas Temporarily Dangerous to Navigation
Southwest of Sevastopol
East of Tendrivskyy Severnyy Area No. 724—Area bounded by lines joining the following
Area No. 705—Area bounded by the shoreline and lines approximate positions:
joining the following positions: a. 44°02.0'N, 32°49.0'E.
a. 46°22.1'N, 31°31.0'E. (shore) b. 44°14.5'N, 32°09.0'E.
b. 46°25.0'N, 31°31.9'E. c. 44°39.5'N, 32°52.0'E.
c. 46°25.0'N, 31°35.9'E. d. 44°27.5'N, 33°08.0'E.
d. 46°19.0'N, 31°35.9'E. Area No. 725—Area bounded by lines joining the following
e. 46°19.0'N, 31°32.0'E. (shore) positions:
a. 44°33.0'N, 32°24.9'E.
West of Tendrivskyy Severnyy b. 44°29.9'N, 33°15.9'E.
a. 46°09.5'N, 31°15.0'E.
b. 46°14.5'N, 31°07.0'E. South and SW of Sevastopol
c. 46°18.9'N, 31°13.5'E. Area No. 727—Area bounded by lines joining the following
d. 46°12.5'N, 31°20.0'E. approximate positions:
a. 44°04.5'N, 33°09.0'E.
Northwest of Tarkhankutskyy Pivostriv b. 44°13.5'N, 33°09.0'E.
positions: d. 44°09.5'N, 33°30.0'E.
a. 45°33.5'N, 32°17.9'E. e. 44°04.5'N, 33°30.0'E.
b. 45°40.3'N, 32°08.1'E.
c. 45°43.7'N, 31°51.6'E. Area No. 729—Area bounded by lines joining the following
d. 45°41.9'N, 31°39.0'E. approximate positions:
e. 45°40.2'N, 31°39.0'E. a. 44°00.5'N, 33°30.0'E.
f. 45°41.8'N, 32°51.3'E. b. 44°00.5'N, 34°00.0'E.
g. 45°30.3'N, 32°14.7'E. c. 43°40.0'N, 34°00.0'E.
d. 43°40.0'N, 33°30.0'E.
West of Mys Khersoneskyy
Area No. 710—Area bounded by lines joining the following South of Mys Mehanom
positions: Area No. 730—Area bounded by lines joining the following
a. 44°42.2'N, 33°19.0'E. approximate positions:
b. 44°58.0'N, 32°44.7'E. a. 44°23.5'N, 35°01.5'E.
c. 45°07.5'N, 32°42.0'E. b. 44°25.0'N, 34°46.5'E.
d. 45°08.8'N, 32°30.0'E. c. 44°33.0'N, 34°42.5'E.
e. 44°44.2'N, 32°30.0'E. d. 44°40.5'N, 35°09.0'E.
f. 44°18.0'N, 33°15.0'E. e. 44°30.0'N, 35°06.0'E.
g. 44°18.0'N, 33°27.2'E.
h. 44°27.2'N, 33°10.8'E. Southeast of Mys Mehanom
i. 44°34.5'N, 33°06.5'E. Area No. 731—Area bounded by lines joining the following
j. 44°40.5'N, 33°08.0'E. approximate positions:
a. 44°29.5'N, 35°34.5'E.
West of Mys Lukull b. 44°29.5'N, 35°14.0'E.
a. 44°44.5'N, 33°06.0'E. e. 44°40.0'N, 35°44.5'E.
b. 44°53.0'N, 32°55.0'E. f. 44°32.5'N, 35°44.5'E.
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Southwest of Mys Mehanom Explosives Dumping Areas

positions: Kazachya Bukhta
a. 44°42.0'N, 34°53.4'E. Area No. 81—Area bounded by the shoreline and lines join-
b. 44°46.3'N, 34°53.5'E. ing the following positions:
c. 44°46.8'N, 35°00.4'E. a. 44°35'25''N, 33°24'10''E. (shore)
d. 44°43.0'N, 35°01.9'E. b. 44°35'25''N, 33°24'55''E.
c. 44°35'15''N, 33°24'55''E. (shore)
Areas Used Periodically for Fleet Exercises
West of Mys Khersoneskyy
South of Mys Uret Area No. 82—Area bounded by lines joining the following
positions: a. 44°37.2'N, 32°20.0'E.
a. 45°12.5'N, 32°37.8'E. b. 44°31.1'N, 32°20.0'E.
b. 45°15.0'N, 32°39.4'E. c. 44°31.1'N, 32°29.0'E.
c. 45°13.2'N, 32°45.7'E. d. 44°37.2'N, 32°29.0'E.
d. 45°11.6'N, 32°44.9'E.
Southsouthwest of Mys Khersoneskyy
Northwest of Tarkhankutskyy Pivostriv Area No. 83—Area bounded by lines joining the following
positions: a. 44°23.0'N, 33°09.2'E.
a. 46°02.0'N, 32°17.9'E. b. 44°20.6'N, 33°09.2'E.
b. 45°56.0'N, 32°30.9'E. c. 44°20.6'N, 33°15.8'E.
c. 45°46.0'N, 32°21.9'E. d. 44°23.0'N, 33°15.8'E.
d. 46°00.0'N, 31°54.9'E.
South of Mys Chauda
Kinburnska Kosa Area No. 84—Area bounded by lines joining the following
positions: a. 45°39.7'N, 35°52.0'E.
a. 46°31.40'N, 31°33.75'E. b. 45°34.7'N, 35°52.0'E.
b. 46°30.80'N, 31°33.20'E. c. 45°34.7'N, 36°00.0'E.
c. 46°30.00'N, 31°34.50'E. d. 45°39.7'N, 36°00.0'E.
d. 46°30.70'N, 31°35.30'E. Area No. 85—A circular area with a radius of 1 mile and
Tendrivska Kosa
Area No. 705—Area bounded by the shoreline and lines South of Mys Opuk
joining the following positions: Area No. 86—Area bounded by lines joining the following
a. 46°22.1'N, 31°32.0'E. (shore) positions:
b. 46°25.0'N, 31°31.9'E. a. 45°42.8'N, 36°04.0'E.
c. 46°25.0'N, 31°35.9'E. b. 45°32.8'N, 36°04.0'E.
d. 46°48.0'N, 31°35.9'E. c. 45°32.8'N, 36°18.0'E.
e. 46°52.5'N, 31°32.0'E. (shore) d. 45°42.8'N, 36°18.0'E.
Bilosarays’ka Zakota (Sea of Azov) Northwest of Ostrov Zmiyinyy

Area No. 761—Area bounded by the shoreline and lines Area No. 95—A circular area with a radius of 4 miles and
joining the following positions: centered on position 45°20.4'N, 29°59.4'E.
a. 46°49.0'N, 36°55.0'E. (shore)
b. 46°37.0'N, 36°49.7'E. North of Mys Khersoneskyy
c. 46°36.5'N, 36°53.5'E. Area No. 96—A circular area with a radius of 0.3 mile and
d. 46°48.0'N, 37°13.3'E. centered on position 44°36'41.2''N, 33°22'31.0''E.
e. 46°49.8'N, 37°15.0'E.
f. 46°52.5'N, 37°02.8'E. (shore) Search and Rescue
Southeast of Mys Khersoneskyy The State Department of Maritime and Inland Water Trans-
Area No. 784—Area bounded by lines joining the following port is responsible for coordinating search and rescue opera-
positions: tions.
a. 44°33.2'N, 32°24.6'E. The Maritime Rescue Coordination Center (MRCC) and the
b. 44°32.9'N, 32°24.3'E. Maritime Rescue Coordination Subcenters (MRSC) can be
c. 44°32.6'N, 32°25.1'E. contacted, as follows:
d. 44°32.7'N, 32°25.2'E. 1. MRCC Odesa
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a. Telephone: 380-48-7776609 Note.—This TSS has been extended by Ukraine to include
380-48-7776610 the approaches to Yuzhnyy, but the extension has not yet
b. Facsimile: 380-48-7776610 been adopted by the IMO.
c. E-mail: [email protected] 2. Between the Ports of Odessa and Il’ichevsk. (IMO ad-
2. MRSC Mariupol opted)
a. Telephone: 380-629-402853 3. In the Area Off the Southwestern Coast of the Crimea.
380-629-402989 (IMO adopted)
b. Facsimile: 380-629-402854 4. In the Southern Approaches to Kerch Strait. (Ker-
c. E-mail: [email protected] cehnskiy Proliv). (IMO adopted)
3. MRSC Kerch 5. In the Northern Approaches to Kerch Strait. (Ker-
a. Telephone: 380-6561-42896 cehnskiy Proliv). (Governments of Ukraine and Russia)
380-6561-39785 6. Approaches to Bersyans’k and Mariupol. (Government
b. Facsimile: 380-6561-42896 of Ukraine)
4. MRSC Sevastopol
a. Telephone: 380-692-461558 U.S. Embassy
380-692-461559
b. Facsimile: 380-692-461559 The U.S. Embassy is situated at 4 A. Igor Sikorsky Street,
c. E-mail: [email protected] Kyiv, 04112.
A network of coast radio stations maintains a continuous lis- The mailing addresses are, as follows:
tening watch on international distress frequencies for distress 1. Ukraine address—
traffic. 4 A. Igor Sikorsky Street
Kyiv 04112
Signals 2. U. S. address—
5850 Kyiv Place
The following signals may be made by Ukrainian border pa- Washington DC (20521-5850)
trol vessels to stop merchant vessels in Ukrainian territorial
waters, inland waters, or the special economic zone: U. S. Embassy Ukraine Home Page
1. Daylight: http://ua.usembassy.gov
a. International Code flag L displayed on the mast or
broadcast on an international safety channel.
b. International Code flags SN displayed on the mast
or broadcast on an international safety channel. Vessel Traffic Service
2. Night:
a. Two green lights vertically disposed. Vessel Traffic Services are in operation, as follows:
b. Either International Code flag L or International 1. Chornomorsk (Illichivsk) (46°19'N., 30°41'E.)—Fur-
Code flags SN broadcast on an international safety chan- ther information can be found in Appendix I.
nel. 2. Port Yuzhnyy (46°36'N., 31°01'E.)—Further informa-
Vessels to which the signal is made must stop and may only tion can be found in Appendix II.
proceed after receiving permission from the border patrol ves- 3. Ochakiv (46°36'N., 31°33'E.), Russkaya Kosa
sel. (46°40'N., 31°55'E.), and Shirokaya Balka (46°35'N.,
32°10'E.)—Further information can be found in Appendix
Time Zone III.
4. Sevastopol (44°37'N., 33°32'E.)—Further information
The Time Zone description is BRAVO (-2). Daylight Sav- can be found in Appendix IV.
ings Time (CHARLIE (-3)) is observed from the last Sunday in 5. Feodosiya (45°02'N., 35°26'E.)—Further information
March until the last Sunday in October. can be found in Appendix V.
6. Mariupol (47°03'N., 37°30'E.)—Further information
Traffic Separation Schemes can be found in Appendix VI.
7. Ukraine-River Danube (Ust-Dunaysk), consisting of
Traffic Separation Schemes (TSS) in Ukraine are, as follows: Vylkove (45°20'N., 29°50'E.), Izmayil (45°19'N., 28°52'E.),
1. In the Approaches to the Ports of Odessa and and Reni (45°28'N., 28°16'E.)—Further information can be
Il’ichevsk. (IMO adopted) found in Appendix VII.
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Appendix I—Chornomorsk Vessel Traffic Service

The Chornomorsk VTS operational area covers the north- VTS 30 minutes prior to entering the VTS operational area.
western Black Sea and the approaches to Chornomorsk The following information should be given:
(46°19'N., 30°41'E.), Odesa, Port Yuzhnyy, and the Dnipro- 1. Vessel name (including any previous names).
Buzkyy Canal. The coverage area of Chornomorsk Traffic 2. Type of vessel and condition (loaded or otherwise).
Control extends 14 miles from the port but excludes the areas 3. Name of agent and owner.
covered by Chornomorsk Port Control, Odesa Traffic Control, 4. IMO number and MMSI.
and Port Yuzhnyy Traffic Control. 5. Flag and port of registry.
Participation in the VTS is mandatory for all vessels. 6. Gross tons, dwt, and net tons.
The VTS provides the following services: 7. Moulded depth, breadth overall, and loa.
1. Automatic surveillance and tracking of vessels arriving 8. Draft (forward and aft).
and transiting the Chornomorsk VTS operational area. 9. Last port, destination, and ETA at destination.
2. Automatic determination of arrival time at the appro- 10. Number of passengers (ferries and passenger vessels).
priate port. 11. Dangerous cargo on board.
3. Automatic continuous tracking and monitoring of po- 12. State of vessel’s radar and any defects affecting the
sition, course, and speed for all vessels in the VTS operation- safety of navigation.
al area. 13. Other information as requested by the VTS.
4. Instantaneous information and recommendations con-
cerning the safety of navigation. Permission to enter the VTS operational area should also be
5. Compilation of a data base for vessel information, nav- obtained at this time.
igation rules, traffic flow, and navigation reports. Vessels should maintain a continuous listening watch on
6. Additional information upon request. VHF channels 10 and 16 when within the Chornomorsk VTS
The VTS can be contacted 24 hours, as follows: operational area. Vessels should monitor the VTS broadcasts
1. Call sign: Chornomorsk Traffic Control and follow the instructions, recommendations, and warnings
2. VHF: VHF channels 10, 12, and 16 concerning the safety of life, navigation, property, and the envi-
3. Telephone: 380-487-100015 ronment.
4. Facsimile: 380-487-170861 Radar navigation assistance is compulsory, as follows:
Vessels should send an initial report to the VTS via their 1. In all states of visibility for passenger vessels, fuel oil
agent 24 hours prior to arrival. The following information tankers, chemical tankers, and vessels carrying dangerous
should be included in the report: cargo (including tankers with non-decontaminated tanks).
1. Vessel name (including any previous names), flag, port 2. When visibility is less than 2 miles.
of registry, and ETA. 3. When ordered by the master.
2. Vessel’s dwt, gross tons, net tons, loa, breadth overall, Note.—Information on Port Yuzhnyy can be found in Ap-
moulded depth, and arrival draft (forward and aft). pendix II.
3. Type of cargo (including presence of dangerous cargo The coverage area of Odesa Port Control extends 8 miles
on board). from the port. Odesa Port Control (call sign: Odesa Port Con-
4. Any deficiencies or restrictions. trol) can be contacted 24 hours on VHF channels 14, 16, and
Vessels should establish contact on VHF channel 10 with the 67 and by telephone (380-487-293730).
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Appendix II—Port Yuzhnyy Vessel Traffic Service

The Port Yuzhnyy VTS operational area covers the ap- 3. Draft (forward and aft).
proaches to Port Yuzhnyy (46°36'N., 31°01'E.) and the pilot 4. Vessel owner and agent.
boarding positions for Ochakiv, Mykolayiv, Oktyabrsk, Dni- 5. Last port of call and destination.
pro-Buzkyy, and Kherson. The VTS sector zone includes the 6. Maneuverability restrictions and any defects preclud-
water area of Adzhalykskiy Lyman and the area bounded by ing safe navigation.
the following: Vessels should establish contact on VHF channel 11 with
1. The shoreline. Yuzhnyy Traffic Control 30 minutes prior to entering the VTS
2. Longitude 30°55.0'E. sector zone. The following information should be given:
3. Longitude 31°15.0'E. 1. Vessel name (including any previous names).
4. An arc, with a radius of 12 miles, centered on position 2. Type of vessel and condition (loaded or otherwise).
46°36'01.2''N, 31°01'25.2''E. 3. Name of agent and owner.
Participation in the VTS is mandatory for all vessels. 4. IMO number and MMSI.
The VTS provides the following services: 5. Flag and port of registry.
1. Automatic surveillance and tracking of vessels arriving 6. Gross tons, dwt, and net tons.
and transiting the Port Yuzhnyy VTS operational area. 7. Moulded depth, breadth overall, and loa.
2. Automatic determination of arrival time at the appro- 8. Draft (forward and aft).
priate port. 9. Last port, destination, and ETA at destination.
3. Automatic continuous tracking and monitoring of po- 10. Number of passengers (ferries and passenger vessels).
sition, course, and speed for all vessels in the VTS operation- 11. Dangerous cargo on board.
al area. 12. State of vessel’s radar and any defects affecting the
4. Instantaneous information and recommendations con- safety of navigation.
cerning the safety of navigation. 13. Other information as requested by the VTS.
5. Compilation of a data base for vessel information, nav- Permission to enter the VTS operational area should also be
igation rules, traffic flow, and navigation reports. obtained at this time.
6. Additional information upon request. Vessels should maintain a continuous listening watch on
The VTS can be contacted 24 hours, as follows: VHF channels 11 and 16 when within the Port Yuzhnyy VTS
1. Call sign: Yuzhnyy Traffic Control operational area. Vessels should monitor the VTS broadcasts
2. VHF: VHF channels 11, 16, and 67 and follow the instructions, recommendations, and warnings
3. Telephone: 380-48-7507052 concerning the safety of life, navigation, property, and the envi-
4. E-mail: [email protected] ronment.
Vessels should send an initial report to the VTS via their Radar navigation assistance is compulsory, as follows:
agent 24 hours prior to arrival. The following information 1. In all states of visibility for passenger vessels, fuel oil
should be included in the report: tankers, chemical tankers, and vessels carrying dangerous
1. Vessel name, call sign, flag, and IMO number. cargo (including tankers with non-decontaminated tanks).
2. Vessel type, dwt, gross tons, loa, breadth overall, and 2. When visibility is less than 2 miles.
moulded depth. 3. When ordered by the master.
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Appendix III—Ochakiv Vessel Traffic Service, Russkaya Kosa Vessel Traffic Service, and Shirokaya
Balka Vessel Traffic Service
The VTS operational area covers the Bugsko-Dneprovsko- igation rules, traffic flow, and navigation reports.
Limanskiy Kanal and the Khersonskiy Morskoy Kanal. The 6. Additional information upon request.
operational area is divided into three VTS zones, as follows: The VTS centers can be contacted 24 hours. The contact in-
1. Ochakiv Vessel Traffic Service— formation is listed in the table titled VTS Centers—Contact
a. West boundary—Longitude 31°15'00''E. Information.
b. South boundary—Latitude 46°30'00''N. Requests for VTS and navigation services in the VTS service
c. East boundary—Longitude of Buoy No. 37 area must be submitted by the vessel’s agent to the relevant
(46°35'31.2''N., 31°41'00.0''E.). VTS Center at least 24 hours in advance. Vessels bound for the
2. Russkaya Kosa Vessel Traffic Service— Bug-Dnieper Estuary and the Kherson Sea Channels from
a. West boundary—Longitude of Buoy No. 37 ports in the NW part of the Black Sea shall submit their re-
(46°35'31.2''N., 31°41'00.0''E.). quests immediately after departure from these ports.
b. North boundary—Port of Mykolayiv. Vessels should establish contact on VHF channel 73 with
c. East boundary—Shoreline at longitude 31°51'00''E; Ochakiv VTS no later than 30 minutes prior to entering the
then N to Lighted Buoy No. 9/Lighted Buoy No. 10 VTS operational area. The following information should be
(46°34.9”N., 31°51.5'E.); then E to approximate position given:
46°34.9'N, 32'01.0''E; then N to the shoreline. 1. Vessel name (including any previous names).
3. Shirokaya Balka Vessel Traffic Service— 2. Type of vessel and condition (loaded or otherwise).
a. West boundary—Shoreline at longitude 31°51'00''E; 3. Name of agent and owner.
then N to Lighted Buoy No. 9/Lighted Buoy No. 10 4. IMO number and MMSI.
(46°34.9”N., 31°51.5'E.); then E to approximate position 5. Flag and port of registry.
46°34.9'N, 32'01.0''E; then N to the shoreline. 6. Gross tons, dwt, and net tons.
b. East boundary—Port of Kherson at Lighted Buoy 7. Moulded depth, breadth overall, and loa.
No. 119/Lighted Buoy No. 120 (46°35'58.2''N., 8. Draft (forward and aft).
32°35'38.4''E.). 9. Last port, destination, and ETA at destination.
Participation in the VTS is mandatory for all vessels. 10. Number of passengers (ferries and passenger vessels).
The VTS provides the following services: 11. Dangerous cargo on board.
1. Automatic surveillance and tracking of vessels arriving 12. State of vessel’s radar and any defects affecting the
and transiting the VTS operational area. safety of navigation.
2. Automatic determination of arrival time at the appro- 13. Other information as requested by the VTS.
priate port. Permission to enter the VTS operational area should also be
3. Automatic continuous tracking and monitoring of po- obtained at this time.
sition, course, and speed for all vessels in the VTS operation- Vessels should maintain a continuous listening watch on the
al area. appropriate VHF channels when within the VTS operational
4. Instantaneous information and recommendations con- area. Vessels should monitor the VTS broadcasts and follow
cerning the safety of navigation. the instructions, recommendations, and warnings concerning
5. Compilation of a data base for vessel information, nav- the safety of life, navigation, property, and the environment.
VTS Centers—Contact Information

Ochakiv VTS Russkaya Kosa VTS Shirokaya Balka VTS
Call sign Ochakiv Traffic Control Russkaya Kosa Traffic Control Shirokaya Balka Traffic Control
VHF channels 16, 67, and 73 16, 69, and 74 11, 16, and 71
380-512-501142
Telephone 380-515-430205 380-554-722230
380-512-501143
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Appendix IV—Sevastopol Vessel Traffic Service

The Sevastopol VTS operational area covers the inner waters 4. Facsimile: 380-692-537119
and sea area bounded by the following: 5. E-mail: [email protected]
1. North boundary—Latitude 44°50.4'N. Vessels should send an initial report to the VTS via their
2. West and S boundary—Limits of Ukrainian territorial agent 24 hours prior to arrival.
waters. Vessels should establish contact on VHF channel 14 with the
3. East boundary—Longitude 33°44.4'E. VTS 30 minutes prior to entering the VTS operational area.
The area also includes the approaches to the port of Sevasto- The following information should be given:
pol, as well as the sea routes, Traffic Separation Scheme No. 9, 1. Vessel name (including any previous names).
recommended routes, and anchorages. 2. Type of vessel and condition (loaded or otherwise).
Participation in the VTS is mandatory for all vessels of 30m 3. Name of agent and owner.
loa and greater. 4. IMO number and MMSI.
The VTS provides the following services: 5. Flag and port of registry.
1. Automatic surveillance and tracking of vessels arriving 6. Gross tons, dwt, and net tons.
and transiting the Sevastopol VTS operational area. 7. Moulded depth, breadth overall, and loa.
2. Automatic determination of arrival time at the appro- 8. Draft (forward and aft).
priate port. 9. Last port, destination, and ETA at destination.
3. Automatic continuous tracking and monitoring of po- 10. Number of passengers (ferries and passenger vessels).
sition, course, and speed for all vessels in the VTS operation- 11. Dangerous cargo on board.
al area. 12. State of vessel’s radar and any defects affecting the
4. Instantaneous information and recommendations con- safety of navigation.
cerning the safety of navigation. 13. Other information as requested by the VTS.
5. Compilation of a data base for vessel information, nav- Permission to enter the VTS operational area should also be
igation rules, traffic flow, and navigation reports. obtained at this time.
6. Additional information upon request. Vessels should maintain a continuous listening watch on
The VTS can be contacted 24 hours, as follows: VHF channels 14 and 16 when within the VTS operational ar-
1. Call sign: Sevastopol Traffic Control ea. Vessels should monitor the VTS broadcasts and follow the
2. VHF: VHF channels 12, 14, 16, and 74 instructions, recommendations, and warnings concerning the
3. Telephone: 380-692-537119 safety of life, navigation, property, and the environment.
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Appendix V—Feodosiya Vessel Traffic Service

The Feodosiya VTS operational area covers the northeastern odosiya VTS 30 minutes prior to entering the VTS operational
Black Sea approaches to Feodosiya (45°02'N., 35°26'E.). area. The following information should be given:
Participation in the VTS is mandatory for all vessels. 1. Vessel name (including any previous names).
The VTS provides the following services: 2. Type of vessel and condition (loaded or otherwise).
1. Automatic surveillance and tracking of vessels arriving 3. Name of agent and owner.
and transiting the Feodosiya VTS operational area. 4. IMO number and MMSI.
2. Automatic determination of arrival time at the appro- 5. Flag and port of registry.
priate port. 6. Gross tons, dwt, and net tons.
3. Automatic continuous tracking and monitoring of po- 7. Moulded depth, breadth overall, and loa.
sition, course, and speed for all vessels in the VTS operation- 8. Draft (forward and aft).
al area. 9. Last port, destination, and ETA at destination.
4. Instantaneous information and recommendations con- 10. Number of passengers (ferries and passenger vessels).
cerning the safety of navigation. 11. Dangerous cargo on board.
5. Compilation of a data base for vessel information, nav- 12. State of vessel’s radar and any defects affecting the
igation rules, traffic flow, and navigation reports. safety of navigation.
6. Additional information upon request. 13. Other information as requested by the VTS.
The VTS can be contacted 24 hours, as follows:
1. Call sign: Feodosiya Traffic Control Permission to enter the VTS operational area should also be
2. VHF: VHF channels 10 and 16 obtained at this time.
3. Telephone: 380-6562-21823 Vessels should maintain a continuous listening watch on
4. E-mail: [email protected] VHF channels 10 and 16 when within the Feodosiya VTS op-
Vessels should send an initial report to the VTS via their erational area. Vessels should monitor the VTS broadcasts and
agent 24 hours prior to arrival. The following information follow the instructions, recommendations, and warnings con-
should be included in the report: cerning the safety of life, navigation, property, and the environ-
1. Vessel name (including any previous names), flag, port ment.
of registry, and ETA. Vessels at anchor should request permission to leave the an-
2. Vessel’s dwt, gross tons, net tons, loa, breadth overall, chorage not less than 30 minutes prior to the movement.
moulded depth, and arrival draft (forward and aft). Radar navigation assistance is compulsory, as follows:
3. Type of cargo (including presence of dangerous cargo 1. In all states of visibility for passenger vessels, fuel oil
on board). tankers, chemical tankers, and vessels carrying dangerous
4. Any deficiencies or restrictions. cargo (including tankers with non-decontaminated tanks).
Vessels should establish contact on VHF channel 10 with Fe- 2. When ordered by the master.
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Appendix VI—Mariupol Vessel Traffic Service

The Mariupol Vessel Traffic Service (VTS) operational area 14. VHF channels available.
covers the NE part of the Sea of Azov, including the approach- 15. Any equipment malfunctions which may affect the
es to the port of Mariupol, the Azov Shipyard, and the Mariu- safety of navigation.
pol fishing harbor. 16. Confirmation of the port’s acceptance of the vessel.
The coverage area of Mariupol Vessel Traffic Control (VTC) 17. For vessels carrying out towing:
extends 12 miles from RASKAT Shore-based Radar Station a. Method of towing.
(47°02'07.2''N., 37°28'39.0''E.), but excludes the coverage area b. Maximum size of convoy.
of Mariupol Radio 5 (4.5 miles from Mariupol, including An- c. Quantity, name, and size of objects being towed.
chorage Area No. 457 and Anchorage Area No. 458). During the ice season, the following additional information
Participation in the VTS is mandatory for all vessels. shall be provided:
The VTS provides the following services: 1. Ice class of vessel.
1. Meteorological conditions. 2. Main engine capacity in kilowatts or horsepower.
2. Changes to navigational aids. 3. Material of propeller.
3. Navigational conditions and factors affecting naviga- 4. Full maneuvering speed.
tion. 5. Quantity of fuel, water, and provisions.
4. Warnings and advice concerning the close proximity of The ETA must be confirmed at least 2 hours prior to entering
other vessels. the VTS area. The following information should be included in
5. Warnings concerning deviations from the planned the confirmation:
route. 1. Vessel name.
The VTS can be contacted 24 hours, as follows: 2. ETA.
1. Call sign: Mariupol Traffic Control 3. Place of entrance into the VTS area.
2. VHF: VHF channels 11, 14, 67, and 73 4. Any changes to previously-submitted information.
3. Telephone: 380-629-407889 Vessels must obtain permission from the VTS and Port Con-
380-629-407885 trol by VHF prior to maneuvering within the VTS area. This
Vessels must send an initial report either directly to the VTS permission is valid for 30 minutes. If the vessel has not begun
or via their agent 24 hours prior to arrival (immediately upon its movement within this time, permission is canceled and a
departure when leaving the previous port if transit time is less new request must be made.
than 24 hours) or 3 hours prior to getting underway, stating the Vessels at anchor within the VTS area shall request permis-
following information: sion to weigh anchor from the VTS not later than 30 minutes
1. Vessel name, flag, and type. prior to the commencement of the maneuver.
2. Owner’s name. Vessels should maintain a continuous listening watch on
3. IMO Number and MMSI. VHF channels 14 and 67 when within the Mariupol VTS oper-
4. Call sign. ational area. Vessels should monitor the VTS broadcasts and
5. Moulded depth, gross tons, net tons, dwt, loa, and follow the instructions, recommendations, and warnings con-
beam overall. cerning the safety of life, navigation, property, and the environ-
6. Arrival draft (fore and aft). ment.
7. Type and quantity of cargo. Radar navigation assistance is compulsory, as follows:
8. Type and quantity of deck cargo. 1. Vessels navigating in the approach channels to Mariu-
9. Number of passengers. pol Sea Commercial Port or Azovstal Iron and Steel Works
10. Last port-of-call (berth, port, and country). (excluding fishing vessels less than 30m loa).
11. Next port-of-call (berth, port, and country). 2. Passenger vessels, tankers, and vessels carrying dan-
12. ETA and ETD from the port. gerous cargo.
13. Purpose of visit. 3. When ordered by the master.
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Appendix VII—Ukraine-River Danube (Ust-Dunaysk) Regional Vessel Traffic Service

The Ukraine-River Danube (Ust-Dunaysk) Regional VTS 14. Application for port services.
operational area covers that part of the River Danube from the 15. ETA and ETD.
mouth of the River Prut to the sea exits of the River Danube 16. Details of planned port operations.
(Kiliyske Passage, Starostambulske Passage, and Bystroye Ap- 17. Any planned inspections.
proach Channel). The E boundary of the operational area is a 18. Date of last inspection.
circle, with a radius of 12 miles, centered on Fairway Lighted 19. Details of any dangerous or polluting cargo.
Buoy (45°18'39.0''N., 29°49'17.4''E.). If the duration of passage from the port of departure to the
The VTS operational area is divided into three sections, as Ukraine-River Danube (Ust-Dunaysk) Regional VTS opera-
follows: tional area is less than 24 hours, the appropriate information
1. Vylkove VTS—bounded by circle, with a radius of 12 should still be sent 24 hours in advance and also immediately
miles, centered on Fairway Lighted Buoy (45°18'39.0''N., after departure. The ETA should be confirmed no later than 6
29°49'17.4''E.), including all passages up to the 34 km point. hours prior to arrival.
2. Izmayil VTS—Kiliyske Passage from the 60 km point
to the 116 km point, including the water area of the port of Vessels should report to Izmayil VTS when passing the 105
Izmayil. km point (downstream passage) or the 72 km point (upstream
3. Reni VTS—Kiliyske Passage from the 116 km point to passage) to request permission to enter the VTS area and in-
the mouth of the River Prut, including the water area of the clude the following information:
port of Reni. 1. Vessel’s name and flag.
Vessels navigating to Ukrainian ports on the River Danube, 2. Port of departure and arrival port.
including vessels in transit without calling at Ukrainian ports, 3. Composition of convoy.
must send their ETA to Delta Pilots, via their agent, 24 hours 4. Description and quantity of cargo.
prior to arrival and confirmed no later than 6 hours prior to ar- Vessels departing Ukrainian ports should send the following
rival. The ETA message should include the following informa- information to the VTS no later than 8 hours prior to ETD:
tion: 1. Vessel name.
1. Vessel name, call sign, and flag. 2. Call sign, flag, and name of owner/operator (if these
2. Vessel name type, IMO number, and MMSI number. have changed during the stay in port).
3. Security level. 3. Name and quantity of cargo (ballast water).
4. Name of vessel’s owner. 4. Persons on board, including passengers.
5. Last port-of-call. 5. Present maximum fresh water draft (forward and aft),
6. Last 10 ports visited. trim, and list.
7. Port of destination. 6. Port of destination.
8. Molded depth, loa, and boa. 7. Request for pilot and tugs.
9. Draft forward and aft. 8. Any restrictions or malfunctions affecting navigation
10. Type and quantity of cargo. equipment.
11. Number of passengers and crew on board. 9. Details of towing (if applicable) and maximum size of
12. Deadweight tons, number and volume of holds, and convoy.
number of tweendecks. Vessels must maintain a continuous listening watch on VHF
13. Agent’s name. channel 16 and the VTS working channel.
VTS Centers—Contact Information

Vylkove VTS Izmayil VTS Reni VTS
Call sign Vylkove Traffic Control Izmayil Traffic Control Reni Traffic Control
VHF channels 12 and 16 67 14, 16, 67, and 73
Telephone 380-4843-31674 380-4841-48901 380-4840-44567
Facsimile — 380-4841-48901 —
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UNITED KINGDOM
General 748 Meteorology 760

Areas to be Avoided 748 Mined Areas 761
Buoyage System 749 Navigational Information 764
Cautions 749 Offshore Drilling 764
Currency 750 Pilotage 764
Firing Areas 750 Pollution 766
Fishing Areas 756 Regulations 767
Government 760 Routes 772
Holidays 760 Search and Rescue 772
Industries 760 Ship Reporting System 776
Languages 760 Signals 777
Pub. 140
748 United Kingdom
Submarine Operating Areas 777 greater than 5,000 gross tons carrying oil or other hazardous
Time Zone 780 cargo in bulk should avoid these areas.
Traffic Separation Schemes 780 The North of Shetland Area to be Avoided is bounded by the
U.S. Embassy 780 coast and lines joining the following positions:
Vessel Traffic Service 780 a. 60°39.5'N, 1°09.3'W. (coast)
Wrecks 781 b. 61°04.3'N, 1°09.3'W.
Appendix I—Reporting Formats for United Kingdom c. 61°04.3'N, 0°29.7'W.
Pollution Reports 783 d. 60°38.4'N, 0°12.2'W.
Appendix II—United Kingdom Ship Movement Report e. 60°34.2'N, 0°48.0'W.
System (MAREP) 787 f. 60°33.8'N, 0°53.5'W. (coast)
Appendix III—United Kingdom Vessel Traffic Services g. 60°35.8'N, 0°55.4'W. (coast)
789 h. 60°36.8'N, 0°58.0'W.
i. 60°38.4'N, 0°58.8'W. (coast)
General The West and South of Shetland Area to be Avoided is
bounded by the coast and lines joining the following positions:
The United Kingdom is located in Western Europe. The is- a. 60°02'30.0''N, 1°10'12.0''W. (coast)
lands include the N one-sixth of the island of Ireland and lie b. 59°59'52.2''N, 1°09'22.2''W.
between the North Atlantic Ocean and the North Sea, NW of c. 59°41'00.0''N, 1°12'00.0''W.
France. d. 59°42'42.0''N, 1°26'00.0''W.
The climate is temperate being moderated by prevailing SW e. 60°02'00.0''N, 1°48'00.0''W.
winds over the North Atlantic Current. More than half the days f. 60°15'00.0''N, 1°48'00.0''W.
are overcast. g. 60°42'30.0''N, 1°09'00.0''W.
The terrain is mostly rugged hills and low mountains with h. 60°42'30.0''N, 1°22'00.0''W.
level to rolling plains in the E and SE. i. 60°40'00.0''N, 1°17'00.0''W.
Various definitions of the area may be encountered, as fol- j. 60°37'18.0''N, 1°17'54.0''W. (coast)
lows: Fair Isle.—An IMO-adopted Area to be Avoided, with a ra-
1. Great Britain.—England, including the Isles of Scilly, dius of 6.5 miles, is centered on position 59°32.0'N, 1°38.0'W.
Wales, and Scotland. The Shetland Islands and the Orkney In order to avoid the risk of oil pollution and severe damage to
Islands are part of Scotland. the environment of Fair Isle, vessels greater than 5,000 gross
2. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern tons carrying oil or other hazardous cargo in bulk should avoid
Ireland.—Great Britain, as described above, and Northern this area.
Ireland. Dover Strait.—IMO-adopted Areas to be Avoided are locat-
3. British Isles.—Great Britain, as described above, the ed, as follows:
Isle of Man, Northern Ireland, and the Republic of Ireland. 1. An IMO-adopted Area to be Avoided lies within a cir-
4. British Islands.—British Isles, as described above, and cle with a radius of 0.3 mile centered on Lighted Buoy CS4
the Channel Islands. (51°08'40.2''N., 1°34'01.2''E.). The area has been established
to avoid damage to the buoy, which is considered vital to the
Areas to be Avoided safety of navigation.
2. An IMO-adopted Area to be Avoided lies within a cir-
The Orkney Islands.—An IMO-adopted Area to be Avoid- cle with a radius of 500m centered on Lighted Buoy Foxtrot
ed surrounding the Orkney Islands is bounded by the coast and 3 (51°24'09.0''N., 2°00'22.8'E.). The area has been estab-
lines joining the following positions. lished to avoid damage to the buoy, which is considered vital
a. 58°46'43.8''N, 3°17'41.4''W. (coast) to the safety of navigation.
b. 58°55'00.0''N, 3°50'00.0''W. Liverpool Bay.—An IMO-adopted Area to be Avoided sur-
c. 59°17'00.0''N, 3°50'00.0''W. rounds the Douglas Oil Field platform and is bounded by lines
d. 59°28'00.0''N, 3°15'00.0''W. joining the following positions:
e. 59°28'00.0''N, 2°19'00.0''W. a. 53°32'44.4''N, 3°33'49.8''W.
f. 59°24'00.0''N, 2°09'00.0''W. b. 53°31'44.4''N, 3°33'48.0''W.
g. 59°05'00.0''N, 2°09'00.0''W. c. 53°31'43.2''N, 3°35'28.8''W.
h. 58°50'00.0''N, 2°35'00.0''W. d. 53°32'43.2''N, 3°35'30.6''W.
i. 58°44'09.0''N, 2°54'54.0''W. (coast) The Area to Be Avoided may only be entered by authorized
j. 58°57'50.4''N, 3°21'06.9''W. (coast) vessels needing access to Douglas Oil Field.
k. 58°55'58.2''N, 3°21'06.6''W. (coast) Between The Smalls and Grassholm.—An IMO-adopted
In order to avoid the risk of oil pollution and severe damage Area to be Avoided encloses The Smalls (51°43'N., 5°40'W.)
to the environment of the Orkney Islands, vessels greater than and Grassholm (51°44'N., 5°29'W.) and is bounded by lines
5,000 gross tons carrying oil or other hazardous cargo in bulk joining the following positions:
should avoid this area. a. 51°44.5'00.0''N. 5°40'15.0''W.
The Shetland Islands.—Two IMO-adopted Areas to be b. 51°44.5'00.0''N. 5°33'30.0''W.
Avoided have been established in the vicinity of the Shetland c. 51°42.5'00.0''N, 5°35'30.8''W.
Islands. In order to avoid the risk of oil pollution and severe d. 51°41.5'00.0''N, 5°35'15.0''W.
damage to the environment of the Shetland Islands, vessels e. 51°42.2'00.0''N, 5°35'18.0''W.
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All vessels laden with oil, gas, or noxious liquid substances which consists of large linked floating cylinders connected by
and all other vessels greater than 500 gross tons should avoid a hydraulic system.
this area. The European Marine Energy Wave Test Site, used to devel-
At West Hinder.—An IMO-adopted Area to be Avoided, op and test alternative marine energy sources powered by wave
lies in the vicinity of position 51°23.9'N, 2°38.7'E. For further action, is situated in the Shetland Islands off the W coast of
information see Belgium—Areas to be Avoided. Mainland. The test area is centered on position 58°58.4'N,
Outer Precautionary Are of the sunk Traffic Separation 3°23.4'W; its limits are marked by buoys moored up to 1.5
Scheme.—An IMO-adopted Area to be Avoided, with a radius miles off the coast.
of 0.5 mile, is centered on position 51°50'06.0''N, 1°46'01.2''E. Tidal Generator.—Any individual surface or sub-surface
structure incorporating a generator fixed or moored to the sea
Buoyage System bed and connected to an electrical terminal via cable(s).
The European Marine Energy Tidal Test Site, used to test
The IALA Buoyage System (Region A) is in effect. See prototype underwater turbines powered by tidal currents, is sit-
Chart No. 1 for further IALA Buoyage System information. uated in the Shetland Islands S and W of Eday. The test area is
The conventional direction of buoyage generally runs N bounded by lines joining the following positions:
along the W coast of the British Isles and through the Irish Sea, a. 59°10.0'N, 2°50.8'W.
E along the N coast of Scotland, and NE and N up the E coast b. 59°10.0'N, 2°47.0'W.
of England, but locally follows the direction taken when ap- c. 59°07.6'N, 2°47.0'W.
proaching a harbor, river estuary or other waterway from sea- d. 59°07.6'N, 2°50.8'W.
ward. Caution.—The visibility of wave generator and tidal genera-
Firing practice areas are marked by special buoys. Some tor facilities depends on the device type. Some installations are
buoys may have the letters DZ and an identifying number totally submerged while others may protrude only slightly
painted on the side. above the surface of the sea. Markings will be based on IALA
Recommendation O-131.
Cautions In emergencies, such as engine or steering failure, in the vi-
cinity of these installations, mariners should immediately in-
Offshore Renewable Energy Installations (OREI) form HM Coastguard and be prepared to anchor, if necessary,
General.—The United Kingdom has significant potential keeping aware of the submarine cables.
for the generation of electricity from offshore renewable sourc-
es such as wind, tidal currents, and waves. Offshore wind tech- High Speed Craft
nology has already advanced to the extent that the industry is High speed craft now operate in many coastal areas of the
poised for major and rapid development. United Kingdom. These craft usually operate on fixed routes
Wind Turbines.—Two rounds of wind farm development and carry passengers, cars, and freight. They operate at speeds
leases have been approved, as follows: of 31 to 50 knots, which is considerably faster than other ves-
1. Round 1 developments will be entirely contained with- sels. Lengths range from 12.7m to 120m.
in the territorial waters of the United Kingdom and are typi- These vessels carry no special identification signals and have
cally limited to 30 turbines. no special privileges or obligations under COLREGS72. The
2. Round 2 developments will be found both within and high speeds of these vessels may increase the likelihood of
beyond the territorial waters of the United Kingdom. The hazardous situations and bring the risk of collision from unex-
largest developments may have from 240 to 300 turbines. It pected directions. Some high speed craft generate a significant
appears that these developments will be clustered in the fol- shallow water wave effect when they accelerate, decelerate, or
lowing regions: change course.
a. The Thames Estuary.
b. The Greater Wash area on the E coast of England. Offshore Dredging
c. Northwest coast of England. South coast of England—Aggregate dredging is carried out
Other wind farms may be developed in Wales, Northern Ire- along the S coast of England, particularly E of 2°00'W.
land, and Scotland. East coast of Scotland and England—Sand and gravel
The turbines are mounted on a tower on a platform connect- dredging is carried out in the River Tay, the Firth of Forth, off
ed to a foundation. The foundation may be a single pile sunk the Humber estuary, and in the shallow banks in the S part of
into the sea bed, an anchored tripod, or a caisson filled with ag- the North Sea.
gregate; the foundations may be surrounded by riprap to pro- West coast of England.—Sand and gravel dredging is car-
tect it from wave action. The total height of a turbine and rotor ried out on the shallow banks of Bristol Channel.
currently is as much as 150m. Cables connect the individual
turbines to a separate offshore substation platform, which is Dover Strait and English Channel—Risk of Collision
connected by a cable to an onshore substation. See North Sea—Cautions—Dover Strait and English
The outer perimeters of offshore wind farms will be marked Channel—Risk of Collision for further information.
and lit in accordance with IALA Recommendation 0-117
(May, 2000). Magnetic Anomalies
Wave Generator.—Any individual surface or sub-surface A magnetic anomaly has been observed in the Firth of Forth
structure incorporating a generator moored to the sea bed and in the vicinity of the road and rail bridges.
connected to an electrical terminal. An example is “Pelamis,” Significant local magnetic anomalies can be expected any-
Pub. 140
750 United Kingdom
where in the vicinity of the Shetland Islands. Known anomalies 3. In several areas within 10 miles of the Saint Kilda
are, as follows: Group (57°49.0'N., 8°35.0'W.).
1. Helli Ness (60°02'N., 1°10'W.).—About 1 mile E of 4. In an area up to about 0.8 mile from a position lying
Helli Ness, the normal magnetic variation can change by 1°E about 0.5 mile NE of Little Bernera (58°15.9'N., 6°52.4W.)
to 7°E. About 3 miles E of Helli Ness, the normal magnetic magnetic variations change from an increase of up to 11° and
variation can change by 1°W to 4°W. a decrease of 8°.
2. No Ness (59°59'N., 1°13'W.).—Compass deflections Off Rockhall (67°36'N., 13°41'W.) the normal magnetic vari-
of as much as 15° have been reported W of No Ness. ation increase by up to 6° when within a radius of 15 miles
3. An area lying between Hoaf Gruney (60°39.8'N., from Rockhall. Other anomalies have been reported 23 miles
0°50.4'W.) and the Ness of Ramnageb (60°40.5'N., NW and between 35 miles N and 80 miles NE of the island.
0°51.4'W.) Magnetic anomalies of the coast of Northern Ireland are lo-
4. Balta Sound (60°45'N., 0°48'W.).—Increases in the cated, as follows:
normal magnetic variation of up to 6°W. 1. In the vicinity of Hunter Rock (54°53'N., 5°45'W.) and
Magnetic anomalies on the W coast of Scotland in the ap- between the rock and the mainland, the magnetic variation
proaches to the Isle of Mull (56°25'N., 6°00'W.) are located, as may me as much as 4.5° above or below normal.
follows: 2. In the vicinity of Giant’s Causeway (33°15'N.,
1. In Loch Blue (56°19.0N., 5°54.6'W.). 6°31'W.).
2. Off the SE coast of the Isle of Mull (56°19'N.,
5°48'W.), including Loch Spelve (56°23'N., 5°40'W.). Currency
3. Between latitude 56°34.5'N and latitude 56°36.5'N,
where the normal magnetic variation may increase by up to The official unit of currency is the British pound, consisting
5.5°. of 100 pence.
4. In the vicinity of position 56°27.6'N, 6°41.0'W the nor-
mal magnetic variation may increase considerably. Magnetic Firing Areas
anomalies are likely to be encountered throughout the Pas-
sage of Tiree. Firing and bombing practices and other defense exercises in
Magnetic anomalies on the W coast of Scotland in the Sea of which warships, submarines and aircraft participation take
the Hebrides (57°00'N., 7°00'W.) are located, as follows: place within approximately 40 miles of the English coast.
1. Large compass deflections which considerably in- Limits of practice areas in British coastal waters are shown
crease the magnetic variation have been reported but not on a series of six small scale charts called the Practice and Ex-
confirmed in the Sea of the Hebrides between Skerryvore ercise Area (PEXA) series. While certain navigational aids
(56°19.4N., 7°06.9'W.) and Neist Point, 67 miles NNE. (range beacons, lights, and buoys) associated with firing areas
2. Compass deflections of as much as 8.5° have been re- may have been included on British navigational charts and cer-
ported to occur between Canna (57°04'N., 6°48'W.) and tain firing areas may have been described in British Admiralty
Neist Point, 23 miles NNW. Sailing Directions, the limits of firing and bombing areas will
3. Off Neist Point, magnetic variation has been reported be added to British navigational charts at their next full revi-
to increase by up to 10°; variations of as much as 20° have sion.
also been reported between Neist Point and An Ceannaich, 2 Details of types of practices and warning signals are given in
miles N. the Annual Summary of British Admiralty Notice to Mariners
4. Normal magnetic variation can be increased of de- of the current year.
creased by as much as 8.5° about 2 miles E of Muck The principal types of practices carried out are:
(56°50'N., 6°15'W.). Local deflections have also been report- 1. Bombing Practice from Aircraft.—Warning signals
ed 2 miles S of Muck. usually shown.
In Little Minch, local compass deflections have been report- 2. Air to Air, and Air to Sea or Ground Firing.—The
ed in the vicinity of position 57°30'N, 7°00'W about 7 miles former is carried out by aircraft at a large, usually colored,
SSE of Weaver’s Point. sleeve, a winged target, or flag towed by another aircraft
Magnetic anomalies on the W coast of Scotland in North moving on a steady course. The latter is carried out from air-
Minch are located, as follows: craft at towed or stationary targets on sea or land, the firing
1. Magnetic variation has been reported to increase by up taking place to seaward in the case of those on land.
to 15° between Conway Point (57°55.5'N., 5°37.1'W.) and As a general rule, warning signals are shown when the tar-
Priest Island, 4 miles NE. gets are afloat, but not when airborne towed targets are used.
2. The normal magnetic variation increases by about 15° 3. Anti-Aircraft Firing.—This may be from AA mis-
in a position S of Stoer Head Light (58°14.4'N., 5°24.2'W.). siles, guns, or close weapons at a target towed by an aircraft
3. Compass deflections have been reported over a small as in 2 above, a pilotless target aircraft, or at balloons, pyro-
area about 200m N of Seid Rock Beacon (58°11.7'N., technics, or illuminants. Practice may take place from shore
6°22.6'W.). batteries or ships. Warning signals as a rule are shown from
Magnetic anomalies on the W coast of Scotland off the W shore batteries. Ships fly a red flag.
side of the Hebrides are located, as follows: 4. Firing from Shore Batteries or Vessels at Sea at
1. Within 1 mile of the N coast of Soay (57°49.7'N., Fixed or Floating Targets.—The warning signals for firing
8°38.2'W.). from shore batteries or ships at sea at fixed or floating targets
2. About 2 miles E of Levenish (57°47.5'N., 8°30.7'W.). are usually shown as in 3 above.
Pub. 140
United Kingdom 751
5. At Remote-Controlled Surface Targets.—These nate with bright colored flares. To avoid confusion with inter-
craft carry “not under command” shapes and lights. Exercis- national distress signals, red or orange flares will be used in
es consisting of surface firing by ships, practice bombing, emergency only.
and air to sea firing will be carried out against these craft or
targets towed by them. Marine craft operating as range safety craft, target towers or
A control craft will keep visual and radar watch up to a control launches for wireless controlled targets will display, for
distance of approximately 8 miles and there will be cover identification purposes, while in or in the vicinity of the danger
from the air over a much greater range to ensure that other area, some or all of the following:
shipping will not be endangered. 1. Red flag at masthead.
6. Rocket and Guided Weapons Firing.—These may 2. International Code signal NE4.
take the form of 2, 3, or 4 above. All such firings are con- 3. Display boards colored dayglow orange with black
ducted under Clear (Air and Sea) Range procedure. Devices letters “RANGE SAFETY” on either side of the wheel-
are generally incorporated whereby the missiles may be de- house.
stroyed should their flights be erratic. Warning signals are 4. Dayglow orange cabin roof.
usually shown as in 3 above. Royal Air Force target towing vessels display a red flag at
Warning signals, when given, usually consist of red flags by the masthead and the signals for a vessel towing a tow over
day and red fixed or red flashing lights at night. The absence of 200m in length.
any such signal cannot, however, be accepted as evidence that a A vessel may be aware of the existence of a practice area
practice area does not exist. Warning signals are shown from from PEXA charts, local Notices to Mariners, or similar meth-
shortly before practice commences until it ceases. od of promulgation and by observing the warning signals or the
Ships and aircraft carrying out night exercises may illumi- practice.
Firing Areas and Ranges off Wales and the West Coast of England
Area Location Contact Information Operating Times
The offshore waters
Area D001 W of Trevose Head — —
(50°33'N., 5°02'W.)
Braunton Burrows
51°05.5'N, 4°13.3'W — —
Range
Call sign: Castelmartin Range Control
St. Goven’s Head to
VHF channel 16
Castlemartin Range Skokholm Island, 0900-1630 (Monday-Friday)
Facsimile: 01-646-662406
(Army) about 12 miles 1830-2330 (Monday-Thursday)
Telephone: 01-646-662367 (24-hour
offshore
recorded message)
Call sign: Manorbier Range Control
VHF channel 16 and 73
Caldey Island to St. 0830-1730 (Monday-Friday)
Telephone: 01-834-871282 (extension
Manorbier Range Goven’s Head, about Occasionally Saturday and/or
4007)
12 miles offshore Sunday
24-hour recorded message: 01-834-
870098
Telephone: 01-834-843522
Penally Range 51°39'N, 4°43'W 24-hour recorded message: 01-834- —
845950
Call sign: Triton
VHF channels 16, 17, 67, and 73 0800-1630 (Monday-Thursday)
Telephone: 01-994-452240 0800-1600 (Friday)
Pendine Range Carmarthen Bay
Telephone: 01-994-452310 (after hours) Occasionally on Saturday and
E-mail: [email protected] Sunday
Web site: http://www.pendine.qinetiq.com
Pembry Range 51°43'N, 4°21'W — —
Off Stoke Bluff
Lilstock Range — —
(51°12'N., 3°12'W.)
Pub. 140
752 United Kingdom
Firing Areas and Ranges off Wales and the West Coast of England
Seaward of Middle
Hope and
Saint Thomas’ Head
Woodspring Bay in — —
Range
position 51°23.9'N,
2°56.3'W
About 20 targets,
moorings, and buoys
lying within 26 miles
Pencribach — —
of Pencribach
(52°08.6'N.,
4°33.5'W.)
No restrictions placed on tran-
An area, best seen on
siting the firing area. Operates
the chart, on Formby
Altcar Rifle Range using clear range procedures.
Bank in the vicinity —
and Area X5306 Exercises and firings take place
of position
only when the area is consid-
53°31.1'N, 3°04.8'W
ered clear of shipping.
Firing and other
defense exercises
involving surface
warships,
submarines, aircraft,
Ravenglass — —
and shore
establishments take
place within 30 miles
of Ravenglass
(54°21'N., 3°25'W.)
Kirlcudbright Range 54°46.8'N, 4°00.2'W — —
Luce Bay Bombing
54°45.1'N, 4°47.0'W — —
Range
Call sign: Aberporth Marine Control
Telephone: 01-239-813480 (Range
0900-1800 (Monday-Friday)
Control) and 01-239-813760 (Marine
Aberporth Range Cardigan Bay Occasionally at other times or
Control)
on other days
Web site: http://
www.aberporth.qinetiq.com
Firing Areas and Ranges off Scotland, Northern England, and Northern Ireland
Lying about 1.75 miles S
of Newburgh, center on a
Drums Links Firing
circle with a radius of 1.6 — —
Range
miles centered on position
51°17.4'N, 2°00.6'W
Black Dog Rifle
57°13.1'N, 2°02'W — —
Range
Buddon Ness 56°27.9'N, 2°44.2'W — —
Area X5616 56°00.7'N, 3°29.2'W — —
Pub. 140
United Kingdom 753
Off Crombie Jetty
Area X5607 — —
(56°02'N, 3°32'W.)
Lying 1.5 miles SE of
Hornsea — —
Hornsea
Near the coast about 1
Ballykinker Firing
mile E of Dundrum — —
Range
(54°15.4'N., 5°0.4'W.)
Donna Nook Firing Centered on position
— —
Range 53°28'N, 0°13'E
Between Lawyer’s Creek
Holbeach Firing (52°53.1'N., 0°05.6'E.)
— —
Practice Area and Wisbech Channel, 4
miles E
Telephone: 01-51-9292601
Altcar Rifle Range River Mersey —
Facsimile: 01-51-9293414
VHF channels 8, 13, and 16
Telephone: 01-397-436713
(Operations)
Telephone: 01-397-436720
0800-1700 (Monday-Saturday)
Applecross (BUTEC) Inner Sound (Operations)
Occasionally on Sunday
Control)
Control)
0900-1700 (occasionally
Barry Buddon
River Tay Telephone: 01-382-534839 extended to 0200 for night
Ranges
firing)
1600-2300 (Tuesday and
Bin Hill Range Moray Firth Telephone: 01-463-224545
Thursday)
0900-1230 (Sunday)
Call sign: Eskmeals Gun Range
VHF channels 11 and 16 0800-1600 (Monday-Thursday)
Eskmeals Range Irish Sea
Facsimile: 01-229-712380 Firing hours are occasionally
E-mail: extended
[email protected]
1600-2300 (Tuesday and
Fort George Range Moray Firth Telephone: 01-463-224545
Thursday)
0900-1230 (Sunday)
Call sign: Hebs Range Control
VHF channels 12 and 16 (only
monitored when active)
0830-1700 (Monday-Thursday)
Call sign: Kilda Bay
West coast of Outer 0830-1630 (Friday)
Hebrides VHF channel 16 (only monitored
Hebrides and St. Kilda Other times by Navigational
when inactive)
Warning
Telephone: 01-870-604441 (when
active) or 01-870-604449 (when
inactive)
Pub. 140
754 United Kingdom
Call sign: Gallovidian
Kirkcudbright Firing 0800-1800 (Monday-Saturday)
Solway Firth Telephone: 01-41-2248520,
Range (Army) 0800-1300 (Sunday)
01-41-2248521, or 01-41-2248501
Facsimile: 01-41-2248525
VHF channels 12 and 16 0800-1630 (Monday-Thursday)
West Freugh Luce Bay
Between Cape Wrath
Ship-to-shore firing (58°37.5'N, 5°00.0'W.)
— —
area and Faraid Head, extend-
ing up to 5 miles offshore
Extending up to 13 miles
offshore between Helms-
Area D703 dale (58°07'N., 3°39'W.) — —
and Dornoch Firth, about
20 miles SW
Fort George Firing In the approaches to Inver-
— —
Range ness Firth
In the Orkney Islands E of
Firing practice area Mainland, Stronsay, and — —
Sandoy
Magilligan Point Fir-
ing Range, Northern 55°11.7'N, 6°58.0'W — —
Ireland
Firing Areas and Ranges in the English Channel

Lying about 1.75 miles E of
Tregantle Rifle
Portwrinkle (50°21.7'N., Telephone: 01-752-822516 —
Ranges
4°18.9'W.)
In the vicinity of Wambury
Plymouth — —
Point (50°19'N., 4°06'W.)
East of Straight Point and
Lyme Bay SW of Chickerell — —
(50°36.0'N., 2°30.7'W.)
Between Lutworth Cove
Weymouth Harbor (50°37.0'N., 2°14.8'W.) and — —
Saint Alban’s Head
Newton Rifle Range 50°44.9'N, 1°23.4'W — —
Portsmouth Harbor,
extending 1.25 miles WNW
Tipner Small Arms
from a position about 0.3 — —
Firing Range
mile NNW of the N
extremity of Whale Island
Areas lie up to 4 miles S of
Nab Tower Nab Tower (50°40.1'N., — —
0°56.4'W.)
Pub. 140
United Kingdom 755
Firing Areas and Ranges in the English Channel

0930-1700 (Monday-Thursday)
Call sign: Lulworth Range Safety
0930-1230 (Friday)
Boat
0930-1700 (Friday, if weekend
Portland, Saint Alban’s firing is taking place)
Lulworth Range Telephone: 01-929-404712
Head Night firing usually takes place
Facsimile: 01-929-404912
on Tuesday and Thursday
24-hour recorded message:
Weekend firing takes place up
01-929-404819
to six times a year
VHF channels 6, 13, 16, 72, and 73
Telephone: 01-303-225519 (office
hours)
Lydd Ranges Dover Strait 0830-2300 (as required)
Facsimile: 01-303-225638
24-hour recorded message:
01-303-225467
VHF channel 16 0900-1615 (Monday-Friday)
Telephone: 01-392-414012 or 0900-1230 (Saturday in
Straight Point Straight Point, Exmouth 01-395-277891 summer)
Facsimile: 01-392-414046 or 0915-1615 (Saturday and
01-395-277891 Sunday in winter)
Fingringhoe Firing
51°49.4'N, 0°58.0'E — —
Range
Call sign: Shoe Radar
Control during office hours)
Shoeburyness Telephone: 01-702-383311 0730-1630 (Monday-Thursday)
Thames Estuary
Artillery Range (Marine Control) 0730-1230 (Friday)
E-mail:
[email protected]
Web site: http://
www.shoeburyness.qinetiq.com
D146 (Yantlet Demo- Thames River within
lition Range and Fir- 1,000m of position — —
ing Practice Area) 51°28.2'N, 0°42.0'E.
VHF channels 6, 13, 16, and 73
Telephone: 01-303-225879 (office
hours)
Hythe Firing Ranges Dover Strait 0830-2300 (as required)
Facsimile: 01-303-225924
24-hour recorded message: 01-
303-225861
In the United Kingdom, the areas are operated using a Clear them of the vessel’s situation.
Range procedure; exercises and firing only take place when the Firing practice areas are marked by special buoys. Some
ranges are thought to be clear of all shipping. It is the responsi- buoys have the letter DZ and an identifying number.
bility of the designated Range Authorities to avoid accidental Fishermen operating in the vicinity of firing practice areas
damage to any vessel which may be in a firing practice area. If, may occasionally bring unexploded missiles or portions of
however, a vessel finds itself in an area where practice is in them to the surface in their nets or trawls. These objects may be
progress, it should maintain course and speed; but, if it is pre- dangerous and should be treated with great circumspection and
vented from doing this by the exigencies of navigation, it jettisoned immediately, no attempt being made to tamper with
would assist the Range Authority if the vessel would endeavor them or to bring them back for inspection by Naval
to clear the area at the earliest possible moment. Furthermore, Authorities.
if projectiles or splinters are observed to be falling near the
vessel, all persons on board should take cover and immediately Guernsey—South Coast
call the Coastguard on VHF channel 16 or DSC, informing Small arms training is conducted in a area situated on the
Pub. 140
756 United Kingdom
headland S of Fort Le Plomb (49°30.5'N., 2°31.1'W.); the dan- Northwood (GUNFACTS—Clyde).
ger area extends about 1.25 miles N to 1.5 miles NE of the fort. 3. All other areas—Issued by a nominated “Duty Bra-
Beginning 30 minutes prior to the beginning of firing and odcast Ship” (GUNFACTS—Ship).
during the exercise, red flags are displayed from the fort and General information on GUNFACTS is also broadcast by
from Martello Tower No. 4. A red flag may also occasionally NAVTEX.
be displayed from a flagstaff standing 0.2 mile S of the martel-
lo tower.
Fishing Areas
Promulgation
Areas are only in force intermittently or over limited periods, Trawling has, for many years, been one of the main harvest-
and local promulgation or warnings by radio, NAVTEX, visual ing techniques employed in the North Sea fishery.
signals, or Notices are such that they will come to the attention Single trawlers may be met with anywhere off the coasts of
the United Kingdom. Care should be taken to pass a single
of those whose cooperation or instruction is intended.
Some broadcasting authorities around the UK broadcast in- trawler at a distance of at least 0.1 mile if passing to windward.
formation relating to Practice Range Safety. Pair trawlers, after streaming their net, take up station about
0.5 to 0.75 mile apart. Towing speed is about 2 knots. At no
Naval exercises carried out at night off the coasts of Britain
and Ireland where firing will take place or vessels are liable to time should a vessel attempt to pass between paired trawlers
be encountered without lights, are broadcast in special warn- engaged in fishing.
Fleets of drifters present formidable navigational hazards in
ings by coast radio stations.
the North Sea and approaches to the British Isles. If possible,
GUNFACTS the prudent watch officer should alter course and go around the
fleet. Actual fishing operations are conducted at night because
GUNFACTS is a warning service providing information
concerning practice firing intentions by naval authorities to the the nets are close to the surface and hence visible to the fish
mariner. GUNFACTS impose no restrictions on the passage of during the day.
Mariners are advised to consider the characteristics of the
vessels. The responsibility for safety within the firing area lies
with the naval unit. fisheries described below and navigate with caution in these
waters.
GUNFACTS—South Coast (South Coast Exercise The Orkney Islands
Areas) Trawling, pair trawling, and purse seining take place on a
VHF: VHF channel 74 * considerable scale throughout the year, especially in spring and
FOST, Plymouth early autumn, in the following locations:
Telephone: 44-1752-557550
1. On Papa Bank (59°49'N., 3°17'W.).
* Within a range of 40 miles from Portsmouth. 2. Between Papa Bank and Westray.
Falmouth Coastguard also broadcasts GUNFACTS— 3. Off Copinsay (58°54'N., 2°40'W.).
South Coast. During the summer, long-lining is prevalent N and W of the
islands. Creel fishing occurs year round close inshore from
GUNFACTS—Clyde (Scottish Exercise Areas) small boats.
Fleet Operations,
Telephone: 44-1923-956371 The Shetland Islands
Northwood
Bottom trawling occurs throughout the year E of Fair Island
MRCC Belfast and MRCC Stornoway also broadcast and off the N, NW, and W sides of the Shetland Islands. Bot-
GUNFACTS—Clyde. tom trawling off the E side of the Shetland Islands occurs
GUNFACTS—Ship (All other areas, including the mainly from December through March.
English Channel (outside the South Coast Exercise Purse seining and mid-water trawling takes place year round
Areas) and Scotland and Northern Ireland (outside the throughout the islands; inshore scallop dredging and creel fish-
Scottish Exercise Areas)) ing occur year round. Trawling for scampi occurs during the
winter E of the Shetland Islands.
Broadcasts are made twice daily at 0800 and 1400 by the
nominated “Duty Broadcast Ship.” If this is not possible, North and East Coasts of Scotland
broadcasts will be made at least 1 hour prior to the start of The following are the approximate localities off the N and E
firing. A short preliminary call will be made on VHF coasts of Scotland where fishing vessels are most likely to be
channel 16 before transferring to the VHF channel found at work.
appropriate to the area, normally VHF channel 6 or 67. Trawlers operate from Aberdeen, Granton, and Dundee. Off
More than one “Duty Broadcast Ship” may be used in the N and E coasts of Scotland their fishing grounds lie mainly
widely-dispersed areas. N, from 3 to 30 miles W of the Orkney Islands; and N and E of
the Isle of May (56°11'N., 2°33'E.), extending seaward from 3
GUNFACTS are issued, as follows: miles offshore to the meridian of 30°E, although the more dis-
1. South coast of England—Issued by Flag Officer Sea tant grounds, especially the SE, are less regularly and intensely
Training (FOST), Plymouth (GUNFACTS—South Coast). fished.
2. West coast of Scotland—Issued by Fleet Operations, Off the N coast of Scotland trawling, pair trawling, seining,
Pub. 140
United Kingdom 757
and purse seining take place off Cape Wrath on Nun Bank Long-line fishing operations from small boats are conducted
(58°54.5'N., 4°57.4'W.) and around Sule Skerry (59°05.1'N., from October through March within 12 miles of the coast be-
4°24.4'W.) throughout the year, but particularly from October tween latitudes 53°N and 55°N.
to February. In good weather small vessels also trawl for British, Danish, Dutch, and Swedish fishing vessels, when
prawns in the vicinity of Cape Wrath. actually fishing with seine nets, show the following distinctive
In Moray Firth small vessels trawl for prawns at distances of signals:
not less than 3 miles offshore S of a line drawn due E from Bo- 1. By day—One black ball, basket, or shape, in the fore
ra Point (58°00.8'N., 3°50.5'W.). No other trawling is permitted part of the vessel as near to the stem as possible, not less than
W of a line joining Duncansby Head (58°38.6'N., 3°01.5'W.) 3m above the rail. One black cone, point upward, on the
and Rottney Head (57°36.6'N., 1°49.4'W.). yardarm of the mizzenmast, on the side from which the net is
Seining and hand-lining are conducted year round from being operated.
small vessels operating within 20 miles of the numerous fish- Dutch fishing vessels may use a triangle in place of a cone.
ing ports in the firth. Creel fishing takes place year round in the Some Swedish fishing vessels, which have no mizzenmast,
firth; marker floats and associated gear may be found as much display the cone from the rigging on the side on which the
as 7 miles offshore in some areas between March and Septem- nets are being operated.
ber. 2. By night—Three white lights in a triangle, the sides of
Other grounds fished off these coasts include a small area which are approximately 1m, point upwards, from the yard
from 6 to 18 miles ESE of St. Abb’s Head (55°55'N., 2°08'W.) on the side of the vessel from which the gear is leading. The
and, in late summer, on Great Fisher Bank (57°00'N., 4°00'E.). signal is to be used in conjunction with the side lights when
Small trawlers fish throughout the year off Bell Rock running the gear and without the side lights when hauling the
(56°26'N., 2°23'W.), Wee Bankie (56°12'N., 2°04'W.), Saint gear. In neither case should the masthead light be shown.
Abb’s Head, Longstone (55°39'N., 1°36'W.), and the River 3. Sound signals—Three long and one short blasts on the
Tyne (55°01'N., 1°26'W.). whistle when being approached by other vessels.
Bottom trawling, restricted to vessels less than 17m long, Vessels showing the above distinctive signals should there-
takes place in the Firth of Forth, in an area 12 miles E of the fore be given a wide berth by other vessels approaching.
Isle of May, and off North Carr Lighted Buoy (56°18'N., Fishing by means of small and hand lines is conducted chief-
2°33'W.). ly by motor boats, and small sailing craft, which work compar-
Vessels trawling in pairs operate from November through atively close inshore, usually confining their operations to
March in the Firth of Forth, off Longstone, and off North within a radius of 20 miles at most of the numerous small har-
Shields (55°01'N., 1°26'W.). bors and creeks along the E coast to which they belong. Fish-
There are no seasonal concentrations of trawlers. ing is most intensive off the S side of Moray Firth, off the coast
Seine net vessels may be encountered over a wide area of the of Angus, and about the entrance to Firth of Forth.
North Sea between latitudes 54°N and 61°N and longitudes 0° Fishing by means of anchored ground nets, known as cod
and 3°E. Caution is necessary as the nets extend up to 1.5 miles nets, is conducted year round on rough ground and in the vicin-
from the vessel. Smaller vessels operate year round E of the ity of wrecks between latitudes 53°40'N and 55°45'N. The nets
Isle of May, off North Carr Lighted Buoy, and through Wee are up to 600m long and are marked at each end by a flag and a
Bankie to an area off the River Tyne. Seine net vessels less than buoy. The nets are supported by submerged floats and may be
17m long also operate in the Firth of Forth. linked together to form a curtain. The nets are usually only a
Drift net vessels, although not common, operate in this entire few meters above the sea bed and are rarely a hazard.
area. Drift net vessels shoot a long vertical wall of nets, sus- Crab and lobster traps, known as “creels,” are set by small
pended from the surface by floats, to windward and lie head to motor and sailing boats on inshore and usually rocky grounds
wind leeward of the nets. These nets may extend up to 1.5 throughout the year, though to a greater extent during the sum-
miles from the vessel and are usually set at night. mer than winter. The fishing extends more or less along the
Between Berwick (55°46'N., 2°00'W.) and Whitby whole coastline, but is most intensive from S of Aberdeen to
(54°29'N., 0°37'W.), drift net vessels operate from April to Au- Berwick, and along the N coasts.
gust up to 6 miles offshore. They are prohibited from operating The main herring fishing off the E coast of Scotland takes
on weekends and from 2000 until 0400. Marker floats are not place between about the middle of May and the middle of Sep-
used as they vessel is usually close by. tember, operations being most intensive during June, July, and
Concentrations of drift net vessels should be given a wide August.
berth, passing, if possible, to leeward, away from the nets. If Drift vessels engaged work mainly from Wick, Fraserburgh,
forced to do so, vessels should cross a line of nets at a right an- and Peterhead, and to a lesser extent from Macduff and Eye-
gle, midway between two floats, with propellers stopped. mouth, as well as from other ports chiefly in Moray Firth. The
Vessels engaged in long-line fishing work mainly from Ab- operations extend to a maximum of some 70 miles from their
erdeen. The larger vessels usually proceed to the edge of the bases, to which they return daily.
continental shelf NW of Scotland or farther afield, but a few
work off Cape Wrath and Farout Head on the N coast. Fishing grounds W of the Orkney Islands are usually visited
Long-line fishing operations are conducted mainly from only in the early part of each season. Only exceptionally is
April to September between latitudes 57°N and 59°N and lon- fishing conducted within 10 miles or so of the coast.
gitudes 2°E and 3°E. Long-line fishing operations are also con- Foreign drift vessels, which cure onboard and only return to
ducted in late summer on Great Fisher Bank (57°00'N., their bases at approximately monthly intervals, work on North
4°00'E.). Sea grounds lying rather farther seaward off the Orkney Islands
Pub. 140
758 United Kingdom
and E coast of Scotland, but overlapping the area worked by trance to East Loch Tarbert, as well as at other places on the
British vessels, especially off the Orkney Islands. eastern side of Outer Hebrides, there are smaller stations,
Fishing on a smaller scale is conducted from the end of Janu- which vary in importance according to the results of the fish-
ary to the beginning of April, off the SE coast of Fife outward ing.
to Isle of May and beyond, and also off the NE coast of East Large trawlers fish for whitefish off Rockall (57°36'N.,
Lothian and Berwickshire. 13°41'W.) throughout the year, with the greatest concentration
During some winters fishing has taken place along the N taking place between April and October. Other fishing vessels
coast of Scotland from December to February. are engaged in long-line fishing from February to November,
Herring seine, which is operated by motor boats working in with the greatest concentration from March to June.
pairs, is not used on these coasts except in Firth of Forth winter
fishing, when landings are made at Newhaven or one of the West Coast of England
Fife ports. The grounds worked lie mostly on the N side of the Off the Isle of Man, concentrations of herring trawlers may
firth; from the end of December to February extending from W be encountered, as follows:
of the Forth Bridge to about abreast Burntisland, and from the 1. July and August—off the SW coast.
beginning of February to the end of March along the SE coast 2. August and September—off the E and SE coasts.
of Fife. During the summer, strings of lobster pots may extend up to
In Moray Firth, from mid-July to the end of August, purse 2 miles off the coast, especially in the vicinity of Point of Ayre
seiners, drifters, and trawlers may be encountered within 8 (54°24'N., 4°22'W.).
miles offshore from 58° to 58°30'N. In the approaches to Morecambe Bay, large concentrations
of offshore trawlers may be encountered up to 35 miles W or
West Coast of Scotland SW of Lune Deep Lighted Buoy (53°56.1'N., 3°12.9'W.)
Trawlers do not fish in fleets on the W coast of Scotland, but during April and May; smaller concentrations may also be en-
singly, or in groups of twos or threes. The vicinities of the W countered during the period of mid-August to October.
coasts of Islay and Skye are their favorite grounds. On the SE side of the S approach to Bristol Bay, concentra-
Both steam and sailing trawlers are employed on this form of tions of trawlers may be encountered from February to April
fishing, and in addition a modified form of trawling is prose- within 25 miles of Trevose Head (50°33'N., 5°02'W.). During
cuted by motor boats in certain inshore areas. the summer the same trawlers are working between Trevose
Herring fishermen follow the movements of the herring Head and Lundy (51°11'N., 4°40'W.).
shoals, which are uncertain, but they will generally be found in In the summer trawlers may also be encountered near and
the areas given below. between Lundy and Caldey Island (51°35'N., 4°41'W.); in
Herring fishing is prosecuted in Firth of Clyde, chiefly by Carmarthen Bay (51°40'N., 4°25'W.); and, particularly from
motor seine-net boats, practically throughout the year, the June to October, off Saint Govan’s Head (51°36'N., 4°55'W.).
slack season being usually during the spring months. Offshore trawlers may be encountered during the winter
Kilbrannan Sound and Kyle of Bute are, as a rule, the most months SW of The Smalls 51°43'N., 5°40'W.) to as far W as
productive of this fishery. Ballantrae Bank is also fished during Labadie Bank (50°32'N., 8°14'W.).
the herring spawning season about the middle of February and In Cardigan Bay (52°30'N., 4°30'W.), offshore trawlers may
beginning of March, but it is often interfered with by bad be encountered anywhere, particularly in the spring. Inshore
weather. The greatest concentration is at the S end of Arran and trawlers and concentrations of scallop dredgers may be en-
on Ballantrae Bank. countered at any time working in depths of 20 to 35m.
In the Minches, herring fishing is conducted throughout the In Caernarfon Bay (53°05'N., 4°35'W.), trawlers may be
year but the greatest concentration is from November to encountered anywhere, particularly in the spring. Inshore
March. Purse seiners, drifters, ring netters, and trawlers con- trawlers may be encountered at any time working in depths of
centrate from the Butt of Lewis to Scalpay and from Cape 25 to 35m.
Wrath to Rhu Re in the North Minch. In Liverpool Bay offshore trawlers may be encountered
In the South Minch drifters, ringers, trawlers, and purse sein- during April and May. Inshore trawlers may be encountered
ers concentrate on the E side of S Uist and Barra. year round.
Large trawlers occasionally trawl for whitefish in the general Vessels approaching all these areas are warned to keep a
areas of Cape Wrath (58°38'N., 5°00'W.), the Butt of Lewis sharp look-out to avoid damage to vessels and nets.
(58°31'N., 6°15'W.), Rona (59°08'N., 5°50'W.), and Sulisker Salmon drift nets and herring drift nets normally extend
Bank (58°58'N., 6°20'W.). Activity begins near the end of Jan- about 0.3 mile and 1.5 miles, respectively, on or just below the
uary, peaks in May, and declines about the end of November. surface, ahead of and usually upwind from the fishing vessel
During the spring months long-line fishing and cod net fish- which should, where possible, be passed to leeward.
ing are prosecuted to a limited extent off the Ayrshire and Ren- If crossing the nets is absolutely unavoidable they should be
frewshire coasts, and off Campbeltown, and long-line fishing crossed at right angles to the lay of the net with engines
in the Sea of the Hebrides. stopped in order to cause least damage.
During the spring and summer months white fish seining is Drifters may be encountered in large groups of as many as
prosecuted off the Ayrshire and Renfrewshire coasts. Long-line 200 or 300 boats, covering from 40 to 160 square miles, and
fishers are seldom in fleets. should be avoided if possible. When lying at their nets, except
The fisheries are the principal industry of Outer Hebrides, in fine weather, their foremasts are lowered. Drifters often keep
Castle Bay and Stornoway being the chief stations for the her- their foremasts lowered when underway.
ring fishery, though at Loch Maddy, and at Scalpay, in the en- A vessel should, if possible, avoid passing through a fleet of
Pub. 140
United Kingdom 759
drifters. Even a single vessel may have considerable difficulty where off the S coast of England, particularly, as follows:
in doing so without damage to nets, because the nets of one 1. Up to 6 miles offshore—East of Selsey Bill and off the
boat lies so close to those of another that in maneuvering to Dorset coast between Anvil Point and Portland.
pass the end of one line a vessel is very apt to find herself in the 2. Up to and sometimes more that 30 miles offshore—In
middle of another. Lyme Bay, off Start Point, off Eddystone Rocks, off the Liz-
If forced by circumstances to cross a line of drift nets the ard, and off the Scilly Isles.
least damage will be done by crossing them at right angles, Fishing occurs furthest from the shore during neap tides.
midway between two of their buoys, at a fair speed. If possible, Drift net fishing has declined and is carried out mainly from
propellers should be stopped while passing over the nets. small open boats.
The mere parting of a net does no great harm, but a revolving Crab and lobster pots are laid in the summer off the coast in
propeller may draw up the headline and net, thereby doing con- many locations between Selsey Bill and Dungeness. Fixed gill
siderable damage. nets may also be found in this area and may extend up to 12
Cases have been reported of large steamers having to be miles off the coast in the vicinity of Brighton (50°49'N.,
towed into port helpless after fouling drift nets. Mackerel and 0°08'W.) and Hastings (50°51'N., 0°35'E.); however, the nets
pilchard nets are on the surface, and there is no means of avoid- extend only a small distance above the sea bed and are not a
ing them except by keeping clear of them. hazard to passing vessels.
At night, it should be remembered that the nets lie in the di- Large concentrations of small boats handlining for mackerel
rection of the wind, with the drifter at their lee end, so if the may be encountered up to 15 miles off the coast of Cornwall
latter is passed to leeward the vessel is bound to clear the nets. and South Devon in winter. Bass fishing takes place closer in,
When nets are being hauled at night powerful lamps are used from April to October, off the coasts of Cornwall, south Devon,
on deck. Drifters carry very bright lights at night, usually visi- Dorset, Hampshire, and Sussex.
ble 5 miles in clear weather. An extremely dense concentration of crab pots extends up to
The nets of British drifters are fished in fleets of 50 to 120 5 miles off the coast between Lizard Point (49°58'N., 5°13'W.)
nets (usually about 80) extending 1 to 2.5 miles. The nets are and Nare Point, 9 miles NNE.
suspended by strops from buoys, usually known as buffs, Crab, lobster, and whelk boats up to about 10m long operate
bowls, or pallets, the distance from the surface varying accord- up to 10 miles off the S coast of England from March to No-
ing to the type of fishing. In the case of herring drifting it is 2.7 vember. Larger vessels set crab pots in the middle of the En-
to 3.7m. The extreme end of the fleet is marked by a buoy glish Channel, mainly from June to November, S of Start Pont,
known as the pole end or end buoy, and there are intermediate N of the Channel Islands, and between the Cherbourg Peninsu-
buoys, one to each net, painted in the particular color favored la and Dorset.
by the owner. An offshore scallop fishing ground extends from S of Selsey
These are at intervals of 35m, the quarter and half and three- Bill to a line extending S of Rye (50°56'N., 0°46'E.), about 60
quarters of the fleet being marked by buoys appropriately quar- miles E, in a band about 15 miles wide. Fishing vessels may be
tered in their painting. Foreign drifters now mostly employ the encountered anywhere within this area, which includes the en-
same type of gear, but generally shoot a larger number of nets tire W portion of the southwest-going traffic lane of Dover
extending sometimes 4 to 5 miles. In some cases nets of a Strait TSS.
heavier type are used. These are usually hung from a warp sus- Vessels towing scallop dredges will be found in this area, as
pended from buoys at a depth of some 5.5m from the surface. well as off Cornwall and Devon out to the middle of the En-
It should be noted that when shooting drift nets large foreign glish Channel.
drifters are frequently navigated stern first; British drifters Oyster fisheries are situated in many estuaries and harbors W
shoot before the wind with the mizzen sheet slacked out. of Selsey Bill. The largest number of small vessels towing
In places where drift net fishing is being carried on, if two dredges can be found in The Solent between November and
white lights are seen at night they probably belong to a drifter. April. The oyster beds are normally marked by poles or perch-
If a power or sailing vessel is seen by day with her foremast es.
down and mizzen set, that vessel might be a drifter riding to the Trawling grounds are located seaward of the 20m curve off
nets. The ends of the nets may or may not be specially marked Rye Bay (50°53.5'N., 0°46.5'E.).
with a staff and a flag, or a white float. It is best to avoid drift- Inshore mid-water trawling takes place from October
ers altogether. through March in Lyme Bay, in Poole Bay, along the Sussex
and Kent coasts, and from E of Mounts Bay to S of the Isle of
South and East Coasts of England Wight.
Trawlers fishing singly or in groups may be encountered any Fishing vessels at anchor, with anchor lines on or near the
time of the year, especially in the Thames Estuary off Southend surface extending as much as 250m from the vessel, may be
(51°32'N., 0°42'E.), and along the S coast between Selsey Bill encountered in an area W and SW of the Isle of Wight in an ar-
(50°43'N., 0°42'W.) and Dungeness (50°55'N., 0°58'E.), be- ea bounded, as follows:
tween the Scilly Isles and the Bill of Portland, and, in the 1. On the N by latitude 50°45'N.
spring, in the Bullock Bank area (50°45'N., 1°04'E.). These 2. On the E by longitude 1°15'W.
vessels normally operate from 3 to 12 miles offshore. 3. On the S by latitude 50°30'N.
On Sandiette Bank (51°14'N., 1°58'E.) pairs of trawlers op- 4. On the W by longitude 1°58'W.
erate about 100m apart and are connected to each other with a
distance line. Northern Ireland
Large concentrations of fixed fishing gear may be found any- Trawlers may be encountered year-round off the NE coast of
Pub. 140
760 United Kingdom
Northern Ireland in North Channel, especially off Larne Easter Sunday Variable
(54°51'N., 5°48'W.).
Trawlers may be encountered year-round off the N coast of Easter Monday Variable
Northern Ireland, particularly E of Inishtrahull (55°26'N., First Monday in May May Day Bank Holiday
7°15'W.) and in the approaches to North Channel.
Last Monday in May Spring Bank Holiday
Channel Islands Second Saturday in June Queen’s Birthday
Fishing activity around the islands consists of lobster pot trot
lines marked by unlit buoys. Crab boats occasionally work on Last Monday in August Summer Bank Holiday
the edge of Hurd Deep N of Aldernay. December 25 Christmas Day
Concentrations of fixed fishing gear can be found NW and N
of the Channel Islands, as follows:
1. From mid-August until the end of December—In an
area bounded by lines joining the following positions: The following holidays are observed in Northern Ireland:
a. 49°27'N, 3°05'W.
b. 49°27'N, 3°45'W. January 1 New Year’s Day
c. 49°58'N, 3°45'W. March 17 St. Patrick’s Day
d. 49°58'N, 3°05'W.
2. Year round—In an area bounded by lines joining the Good Friday Variable
following positions: Easter Sunday Variable
a. 49°33'N, 2°49'W.
b. 49°43'N, 2°57'W. Easter Monday Variable
c. 50°11'N, 2°18'W. Easter Tuesday Variable
d. 50°04'N, 2°00'W.
First Monday in May May Day Bank Holiday
Last Monday in May Spring Bank Holiday
Government
July 12 Battle of the Boyne Day
July 12-13 Orangeman’s Days
Last Monday in August Summer Bank Holiday
The following holidays are observed in Scotland:

Flag of the United Kingdom
January 2 Bank Holiday
The United Kingdom is a constitutional monarchy. The Good Friday Variable
country is composed of the union of England, Northern Ire-
land, Scotland, and Wales. Easter Sunday Variable
Queen Elizabeth II is the Head of State. The Prime Minister Easter Monday Variable
is usually the head of the majority party of Parliament. The bi-
cameral Parliament is composed of the appointed House of Second Monday in April Spring Holiday
Lords, consisting of 701 life peers, 88 hereditary peers, and 26 First Monday in May May Day Bank Holiday
clergy, and the directly-elected 650-member House of Com-
mons, serving 5-year terms, unless the House is dissolved ear- May 22 Victoria Day
lier. Last Monday in May Spring Bank Holiday
The legal system is based on a common law tradition, with
First Monday in August Summer Bank Holiday
early Roman and modern Continental influences.
The capital is London. Third Monday in September Autumn Holiday
Holidays December 26 Boxing Day
The following holidays are observed in England and Wales:
Industries
The main industries are machine tools, electric power equip-
Good Friday Variable ment, automation equipment, railroad equipment, shipbuilding,
Pub. 140
United Kingdom 761
vehicle manufacture, aircraft, electronics and communication venting Collisions at Sea. They will be restricted in their free-
equipment, metals, chemicals, coal, petroleum, paper and pa- dom to maneuver and may be operating ROVs and divers
per products, food processing, textiles, clothing, pharmaceuti- within 1,000m of their position. Mariners are requested to ob-
cals, other consumer goods, and tourism. serve the cautions promulgated in the paragraphs below.
The main exports are manufactured goods, fuels, chemicals, A harmless non-explosive practice mine which lies on the
food, beverages, and tobacco. The main export-trading partners bottom and may eject to the surface a green or white flare is
are the United States, Germany, Switzerland, China, France, now extensively used during Naval Exercises in Northern Eu-
the Netherlands, and Ireland. ropean waters.
The main imports are manufactured goods, machinery, fuels, These mines are sometimes laid outside the regular exercise
and foodstuffs. The main import-trading partners are Germany, areas and whenever they are, a radio warning in general terms
China, the United States, the Netherlands, France. and Bel- will be broadcast but exact positions will not be given.
gium. Ships engaged in mine countermeasures will show the lights
or shapes prescribed in the International Regulations for Pre-
Languages venting Collisions at Sea. Other vessels should not approach
closer than 1,000m.
English is the official language. Welsh and Scottish forms of Minehunters normally work in conjunction with small boats
Gaelic are also spoken. or inflatable rubber dinghies from which divers may be operat-
ing or may be controlling a wire-guided submersible. These
Meteorology may be up to 1,000m from the minehunter. By day, the dinghy
will show Flag “A” of the International Code of Signals. By
Gale warnings, shipping forecasts, and inshore waters fore- night, small boats or inflatable dinghies operating divers will
casts are available in English from the United Kingdom Met show the lights required by the International Regulations for
Office (http://www.metoffice.gov.uk). Preventing Collisions. Mariners are requested to navigate with
Gale warnings, shipping forecasts, buoy observations, in- caution in the proximity of a minehunter, or small boat or in-
shore waters forecasts, coastal forecasts, and pressure charts flatable dinghy operating in the vicinity of a minehunter, and to
for the Atlantic Ocean are available in English from the BBC avoid passing within 1,000m whenever practicable.
(http://www.bbc.co.uk/weather/coast_and_sea). Both minesweeping and minehunting operations may require
the ship engaged to lay small buoys, which are normally
Mined Areas marked with a radar reflector and may have a numeral or al-
phabetical flag attached. By night, these buoys will have a
Practice mine laying and mine countermeasures exercises in- green, white, or red flashing light, visible all round the horizon
volving the laying of mines will be confined whenever possible for a distance of about 1 mile.
to areas selected from those indicated below. Notification that A mine disposal area, with a radius of 1 miles, lies E of
an area is to be used will be by radio navigational warnings North Foreland in position 51°22'27''N, 1°38'27''E.:
shortly before mine laying takes place. As brevity is essential
in these methods of promulgation the areas will be defined in X5039 Quebec One.—Area bounded by lines joining the
them by the serial letters and numbers of the mine fields; how- following positions:
ever, when there is no serial letter and number, the area will be a. 50°40'00.0''N, 1°05'34.8''W. (shore)
indicated by its name. b. 50°40'00.0''N, 0°57'00.0''W.
In the Eastern English Channel (X5062), North Channel c. 50°37'00.0''N, 0°54'39.0''W.
(X5406), Kirkaldy Bay (X5611), and Approaches to Thames d. 50°37'00.0''N, 1°02'10.8''W.
Estuary (X5123), areas have been established for the firing of e. 50°30'00.0''N, 1°11'24.0''W.
live explosive ordnance systems. Notification that these areas f. 50°30'00.0''N, 1°12'10.2''W.
are to be used will be by GUNFACTS broadcast by VHF at g. 50°35'33.0''N, 1°12'10.2''W. (shore)
least 1 hour before firing takes place. Additional warnings will h. then N along the coast of the Isle of Wight to the ori-
also be broadcast 1 hour, 30 minutes, and immediately prior to gin.
detonation by the controlling unit on VHF channel 16.
In the Firth of Forth, the Firth of Clyde, and the Eastern En- X5050.—Area bounded by lines joining the following posi-
glish Channel areas, minesweeping corridors have been estab- tions:
lished. Normally, minesweeping operations will be confined to a. 50°41'00.0''N, 0°54'52.8''W.
these corridors. Notification that these corridors are to be used b. 50°41'00.0''N, 0°52'07.2''W.
will be made by radio warning shortly before the minesweep- c. 50°40'00.0''N, 0°52'07.2''W.
ing takes place. d. 50°40'00.0''N, 0°54'52.8''W.
For information in the Firth of Forth and the Firth of Clyde,
the Ministry of Defence has established a 24-hour hotline (tele- X5059 Eastern English Channel Minesweeping Stream-
phone: 01923-956364). ing Corridor.—Area bounded by lines joining the following
Mine clearance vessels may be required to operate in other positions:
areas, clear of shipping. In these cases, except as specified be- a. 50°33'12.0''N, 0°53'24.0''W.
low, mines will not be laid and the vessels will show the lights b. 50°32'52.2''N, 0°51'57.0''W.
or shapes prescribed in the International Regulations for Pre- c. 50°23'52.2''N, 0°57'21.0''W.
d. 50°24'12.0''N, 0°58'48.0''W.
Pub. 140
762 United Kingdom
X5060E Eastern English Channel Minesweeping Corri- d. 51°45'00.0''N, 2°20'00.0''E.
dor.—Area bounded by lines joining the following positions:
a. 50°25'01.8''N, 1°18'34.8''W. X5122.—Area bounded by lines joining the following posi-
b. 50°25'01.8''N, 0°58'04.8''W. tions:
c. 50°23'01.8''N, 0°58'04.8''W. a. 51°27'31.8''N, 1°34'06.0''E.
d. 50°23'01.8''N, 1°18'34.8''W. b. 51°27'31.8''N, 1°45'40.8''E.
c. 51°26'31.8''N, 1°45'40.8''E.
X5060W Eastern English Channel Minesweeping Corri- d. 51°26'31.8''N, 1°34'06.0''E.
dor.—Area bounded by lines joining the following positions:
a. 50°25'01.8''N, 1°35'04.8''W. X5123 Live Mine Dispersal Charges (MDC) Firing Ar-
b. 50°25'01.8''N, 1°18'34.8''W. ea.—The circular area, radius 1 mile, centered on position
c. 50°23'01.8''N, 1°18'34.8''W. 51°22'31.8''N, 1°38'30.0''W.
d. 50°23'01.8''N, 1°35'04.8''W.
X5406 Juniper Rock (Live Mine Dispersal Charges
X5061 Sandown Bay Minehunting Area.—Area bounded (MDC) Firing Area).—Area bounded by a line joining the
by lines joining the following positions: following positions:
a. 50°38'34.8''N, 1°03'00.0''W. a. 54°56'36.0''N, 5°13'46.2''W.
b. 50°38'04.8''N, 1°03'00.0''W. b. 54°56'36.0''N, 5°11'58.2''W.
c. 50°38'04.8''N, 1°05'24.0''W. c. 54°55'30.0''N, 5°11'58.2''W.
d. 50°36'52.2''N, 1°06'58.8''W. d. 54°55'30.0''N, 5°13'46.2''W.
e. 50°37'12.0''N, 1°07'34.8''W. Note.—This area is in almost daily use.
f. 50°38'34.8''N, 1°05'46.2''W.
X5500 Campbeltown (Amphibious Task Force Anchor-
X5062 Eastern English Channel Live Mine Dispersal age).—Area bounded by lines joining the following positions:
Charges (MDC) Firing Area.—The circular area, radius 2 a. 55°23'48.0''N, 5°29'00.0''W.
miles, centered on position 50°26'08.4''N, 1°00'03.0''W. b. 55°23'48.0''N, 5°26'34.2''W.
c. 55°23'12.0''N, 5°26'34.2''W.
X5117 Outer Gabbard.—Area bounded by lines joining d. 55°23'12.0''N, 5°28'00.0''W.
the following positions: e. 55°23'00.0''N, 5°28'00.0''W.
a. 51°58'49.8''N, 1°56'00.0''E. f. 55°23'00.0''N, 5°29'00.0''W.
b. 51°59'07.8''N, 2°03'22.8''E.
c. 51°49'31.8''N, 1°59'22.8''E. X5551 Clyde Minesweeping Corridor Alpha.—Area
d. 51°51'00.0''N, 1°51'40.8''E. bounded by lines joining the following positions:
X5118 Gunfleet.—Area bounded by lines joining the fol- a. 55°40'10.8''N, 4°56'09.0''W.
lowing positions: b. 55°40'22.8''N, 4°54'25.2''W.
a. 51°55'13.8''N, 1°21'24.0''E. c. 55°37'00.0''N, 4°53'16.8''W.
b. 51°51'02.0''N, 1°34'57.0''E. d. 55°28'12.0''N, 4°53'16.8''W.
c. 51°46'31.8''N, 1°30'13.8''E. e. 55°28'12.0''N, 4°55'00.0''W.
d. 51°41'13.8''N, 1°20'00.0''E. f. 55°37'00.0''N, 4°55'00.0''W.
e. 51°44'52.2''N, 1°07'18.0''E.
f. then 1.5 miles to seaward of the HW line to a above. X5552 Clyde Minesweeping Corridor Bravo.—Area
X5119 Kentish Knock.—Area bounded by lines joining the a. 55°28'12.0''N, 4°55'00.0''W.
following positions: b. 55°28'12.0''N, 4°53'16.8''W.
a. 51°45'00.0''N, 2°00'00.0''E. c. 55°25'13.8''N, 4°53'16.8''W.
b. 51°30'00.0''N, 1°50'00.0''E. d. 55°17'07.2''N, 5°02'12.0''W.
c. 51°30'00.0''N, 1°35'00.0''E. e. 55°17'37.8''N, 5°03'40.8''W.
d. 51°45'00.0''N, 1°45'00.0''E. f. 55°25'30.0''N, 4°55'00.0''W.
X5120 South Galloper.—Area bounded by lines joining the X5553 Clyde Minesweeping Corridor Charlie.—Area
following positions: bounded by lines joining the following positions:
a. 51°45'00.0''N, 2°00'00.0''E. a. 55°46'06.0''N, 5°15'19.2''W.
b. 51°45'00.0''N, 2°20'00.0''E. b. 55°46'36.0''N, 5°13'40.2''W.
c. 51°30'00.0''N, 2°10'00.0''E. c. 55°45'12.0''N, 5°12'31.2''W.
d. 51°30'00.0''N, 1°50'00.0''E. d. 55°41'54.0''N, 5°04'00.0''W.
e. 55°41'37.2''N, 4°56'40.2''W.
X5121 North Galloper.—Area bounded by lines joining the f. 55°40'36.0''N, 4°56'43.2''W.
following positions: g. 55°40'54.0''N, 5°04'34.2''W.
a. 51°45'00.0''N, 2°00'00.0''E. h. 55°44'36.0''N, 5°14'00.0''W.
b. 52°00'00.0''N, 2°10'00.0''E.
c. 52°00'00.0''N, 2°30'00.0''E. X5554 Campbeltown North.—Area bounded by lines join-
Pub. 140
United Kingdom 763
ing the following positions: Note.—This area is used for minehunting exercises only.
a. 55°20'52.2''N, 5°21'39.0''W.
b. 55°20'49.2''N, 5°20'57.0''W. X5613(N) Firth of Forth.—The sea area of the Firth of
c. 55°20'18.0''N, 5°20'52.8''W. Forth between 2°52.0'W and 3°10.0'W and N of a line joining
d. 55°20'19.8''N, 5°21'34.8''W. the following positions:
a. 56°01'00.0''N, 3°10'00.0''W.
X5555 Campbeltown Middle.—Area bounded by lines b. 56°07'00.0''N, 2°52'00.0''W.
a. 55°19'48.0''N, 5°21'33.0''W X5613(S) Firth of Forth.—The sea area of the Firth of
b. 55°19'45.0''N, 5°20'51.0''W. Forth between 2°52.0'W and 3°10.0'W and S of a line joining
c. 55°19'19.2''N, 5°20'46.8''W. the following positions:
d. 55°19'22.2''N, 5°21'28.2''W. a. 56°01'00.0''N, 3°10'00.0''W.
b. 56°07'00.0''N, 2°52'00.0''W.
X5556 Campbeltown South.—Area bounded by lines join-
ing the following positions: X5615 Forth Deep.—Area bounded by lines joining the fol-
a. 55°14'54.0''N, 5°21'39.0''W. lowing positions:
b. 55°14'55.8''N, 5°21'01.2''W. a. 56°07'30.0''N, 2°22'00.0''W.
c. 55°14'24.0''N, 5°20'55.8''W. b. 56°07'30.0''N, 2°27'34.8''W.
d. 55°14'22.2''N, 5°21'34.2''W. c. 56°14'00.0''N, 2°27'36.0''W.
d. 56°14'00.0''N, 2°22'00.0''W.
X5557 Jura Sound Deep Field North.—Area bounded by
lines joining the following positions: X5620B Gareloch Channel.—Area bounded by lines join-
a. 55°53'48.0''N, 5°45'58.2''W. ing the following positions:
b. 55°52'54.0''N, 5°43'22.2''W. a. 56°02'42.0''N, 4°49'18.0''W.
c. 55°51'24.0''N, 5°45'00.0''W. b. 56°01'30.0''N, 4°48'01.2''W.
d. 55°51'42.0''N, 5°48'10.2''W. c. 56°01'26.4''N, 4°48'03.0''W.
d. 56°00'36.6''N, 4°47'10.2''W.
X5558 Campbeltown Loch.—Area bounded by lines join- e. 56°00'16.8''N, 4°45'54.0''W.
ing the following positions: f. 55°59'49.2''N, 4°45'11.4''W.
a. 55°25'12.0''N, 5°35'10.2''W. g. 55°59'16.2''N, 4°45'11.4''W.
b. 55°25'19.8''N, 5°33'58.2''W. h. 55°59'16.2''N, 4°45'28.8''W.
c. 55°25'06.0''N, 5°33'58.2''W. i. 55°59'44.4''N, 4°45'30.0''W.
d. 55°24'57.0''N, 5°35'00.0''W. j. 56°00'09.0''N, 4°46'06.0''W.
k. 56°00'27.0''N, 4°47'15.0''W.
X5559.—Area bounded by lines joining the following posi- l. 56°01'22.2''N, 4°48'13.8''W.
tions: m. 56°01'24.0''N, 4°48'20.4''W.
a. 55°22'40.2''N, 5°28'33.0''W. n. 56°02'42.0''N, 4°49'30.0''W.
b. 55°22'40.2''N, 5°25'03.0''W.
c. 55°20'40.2''N, 5°25'03.0''W. X5620C Gareloch East.—Area bounded by lines joining
d. 55°20'40.2''N, 5°28'33.0''W. the following positions:
a. 56°02'55.8''N, 4°48'48.0''W.
X5603 Loch Fyne.—Area N of a line joining the following b. 56°01'41.4''N, 4°47'36.0''W.
positions: c. 56°01'41.4''N, 4°48'12.0''W.
a. 56°10'06.0''N, 5°04'48.0''W d. 56°02'49.8''N, 4°49'25.8''W.
b. 56°10'37.2''N, 5°06'47.4''W.
X5625 Anstruther.—Area bounded by lines joining the fol-
X5611 Kirkcaldy Bay.—Area bounded by lines joining the lowing positions:
following positions: a. 56°12'00.0''N, 2°41'34.8''W.
a. 56°04'25.8''N, 3°02'40.8''W. b. 56°14'12.0''N, 2°36'34.8''W.
b. 56°05'24.0''N, 3°05'46.8''W. c. 56°12'30.0''N, 2°34'00.0''W.
c. 56°06'04.8''N, 3°05'16.8''W. d. 56°10'54.0''N, 2°36'58.8''W.
d. 56°08'27.0''N, 3°00'46.8''W.
e. 56°08'01.8''N, 2°56'58.8''W.
f. 56°05'07.8''N, 2°59'16.8''W. X5637 Firth of Forth Minesweeping Corridor.—Area
X5612 Aberlady Bay.—Area bounded by lines joining the a. 56°05'57.0''N, 2°50'27.0''W.
following positions: b. 56°07'58.8''N, 2°42'16.2''W.
a. 56°00'18.0''N, 3°03'28.8''W. c. 56°08'00.0''N, 2°30'00.0''W.
b. 56°00'18.0''N, 2°58'00.0''W. d. 56°07'00.0''N, 2°30'00.0''W.
c. 55°59'18.0''N, 2°58'00.0''W. e. 56°07'00.0''N, 2°41'52.8''W.
d. 55°59'18.0''N, 3°03'28.8''W. f. 56°05'03.0''N, 2°49'43.2''W.
Pub. 140
764 United Kingdom
X5638 Firth of Forth Northern Minesweeping Corri- Continental Shelf 200 miles or the Continen-
dor.—Area bounded by lines joining the following positions: tal Margin.
a. 56°14'46.8''N, 2°33'58.2''W.
b. 56°14'13.2''N, 2°32'30.0''W. * Claims straight baselines.
c. 56°07'13.2''N, 2°41'22.2''W. ** Also claims a 200-mile Pollution Zone and a 200-mile
d. 56°07'46.8''N, 2°42'48.0''W. Renewable Energy Zone.
X5639 Coulport South.—Area bounded by lines joining the The Isle of Man claims a territorial sea of 12 miles and a
following positions: fisheries zone of 12 miles.
a. 56°03'55.2''N, 4°52'49.8''W. The Bailiwick of Guernsey claims a territorial sea of 3 miles
b. 56°03'31.0''N, 4°52'37.8''W. and a fisheries zone of 12 miles.
c. 56°03'34.8''N, 4°52'39.0''W. The Bailiwick of Jersey claims a territorial sea of 12 miles
d. 56°03'39.0''N, 4°53'00.0''W. and a fisheries zone of 3 miles, with a special regime in the Bay
e. 56°03'46.8''N, 4°52'58.2''W. of Granville beyond 3 miles.
X5640 Coulport North.—Area bounded by lines joining Maritime Boundary Disputes
the following positions: Dispute with Denmark over the Faroe Islands’ continental
a. 56°04'15.0''N, 4°52'31.2''W. shelf boundary outside 200 miles.
b. 56°04'13.8''N, 4°52'27.0''W.
c. 56°04'07.8''N, 4°52'27.0''W Internet Maritime Safety Information
d. 56°04'09.0''N, 4°52'37.2''W. Navigational warnings for coastal waters of the United King-
dom and NAVAREA I warnings are available, in English, from
Temporary Mine Countermeasures Training Areas the United Kingdom Hydrographic Office.
JUTTER (Minesweeping Corridor).—The area 0.5 mile
on either side of a line joining the following positions:
http://www.admiralty.co.uk/maritime-safety-information/
a. 51°27'00.0''N, 1°34'06.0''E.
radio-navigational-warnings
b. 51°27'00.0''N, 1°45'42.0''E.
HELDER (Knock Deep).—Area bounded by lines joining Channel Navigation and Information Service (CNIS)
the following positions: The CNIS operates from Dover Strait Coast Guard and
a. 51°33'16.8''N, 1°27'01.2''E. CROSSMA Griz Nez. The broadcasts include information con-
b. 51°35'36.6''N, 1°29'22.2''E. cerning traffic, navigation, and visibility.
c. 51°34'34.2''N, 1°32'12.6''E. For further details of these regulations, see Pub. 191, Sailing
d. 51°32'15.6''N, 1°29'28.8''E. Directions (Enroute) English Channel.
TEXEL (Margate Roads)—Area bounded by lines joining Offshore Drilling

a. 51°25'12.6''N, 1°20'54.0''E. Vessels conducting seismic and other surveys can be found
b. 51°24'13.8''N, 1°20'54.0''E. off the coasts of the United Kingdom, as follows:
c. 51°24'13.8''N, 1°23'12.0''E. 1. North Sea.
d. 51°25'12.6''N, 1°23'12.0''E. 2. West coast of Scotland.
Oil fields, gas fields, and drill rigs can be found off the coasts
Navigational Information of the United Kingdom, as follows:
1. North Sea (oil fields, gas fields, and drill rigs). See the
Enroute Volumes graphic titled Major Oil and Gas Fields off the East Coast
Pub. 141, Sailing Directions (Enroute) Scotland. of the United Kingdom.
Pub. 142, Sailing Directions (Enroute) Ireland and the West 2. English Channel (drill rigs).
Coast of England. 3. Approaches to Liverpool and Liverpool Bay (oil fields
Pub. 191, Sailing Directions (Enroute) English Channel. and gas fields).
Pub. 192, Sailing Directions (Enroute) North Sea. 4. Approaches to Morecambe and Morecambe Bay (oil
fields and gas fields).
Maritime Claims 5. Irish Sea (drill rigs).
The maritime territorial claims of the United Kingdom are, 6. Celtic Sea (drill rigs).
as follows: 7. Northeast of the Shetland Islands (oil fields and gas
fields).
Territorial Sea * 12 miles. 8. East of the N coast of Scotland (oil fields and gas
fields).
Fisheries or Economic 200 miles. For further information, see North Sea and English Chan-
Zone ** nel—Offshore Drilling.
Pub. 140
United Kingdom 765
Major Oil and Gas Fields off the East Coast of the United Kingdom
Pub. 140
766 United Kingdom
Pilotage tural failure.

2. Any incident which compromises shipping safety, in-
United Kingdom Pilotage cluding failures likely to affect the ship’s maneuverability or
Each port of the United Kingdom has its own pilotage, the seaworthiness.
details of which are given in the appropriate volume of Sailing 3. Any defects affecting the propulsion system, steering
Directions (Enroute). gear, electrical system, navigation equipment, or communi-
Most pilot stations and pilot vessels or boats are equipped cations equipment.
with radiotelephone and maintain a continuous watch on stan- 4. Any situation liable to lead to pollution of the waters or
dard call frequencies. coastline of the United Kingdom, such as the discharge or
A vessel requiring a pilot should give an estimated time of threat of discharge of polluting products into the sea.
arrival together with the gross tonnage, maximum draft, and 5. Any slick of polluting materials and containers or
port of destination, preferably 12 hours in advance and through packages seen drifting at sea.
a coast radio station. 6. Any discharge or probable discharge of dangerous
Any adjustment to this time should be given at least 2 hours packaged cargo.
before arrival. If possible vessels should remain in radio con- The report must include the following information:
tact to facilitate embarkation of the pilot. Shore pilot stations 1. Ship name.
operate on VHF only. 2. Position.
The sound signal to be sounded by vessels requiring a pilot 3. Last port of call.
in thick weather is the letter G in Morse code. 4. Next port of call.
When pilot vessels cruise on station, they will sound on their 5. Number of people on board.
whistles or fog horns, the letter H in Morse code in thick 6. Date and time of which the accident, incident, or pol-
weather. luting event occurred.
United Kingdom pilot vessels usually have a black hull with 7. Details of the accident, incident, or polluting event.
an orange or white superstructure with the letter P or the word 8. Name and contact information to obtain information
PILOT painted on the bow or side. The name of the port is regarding the dangerous or polluting cargo on board the ship.
sometimes shown. If a slick of pollution or drifting containers or packages are
seen from a ship in controlled waters, the following informa-
Deep Sea Pilotage tion should be reported:
Vessels required to use the “mandatory route for tankers 1. Details of the sighting.
from North Hinder to the German Bight and “vice versa” are 2. Ship name.
referred to IMO Resolution A.1080(28), adopted in December 3. Position.
2013, concerning the “Recommendation on the use of ade- 4. Any other relevant information referred to in IMO Res-
quately qualified Deep Sea Pilots in the North Sea, English olution A.851(20 adopted by the Assembly of the IMO on 27
Channel, and Skagerrak.” November 1997.
Vessels requiring a licensed Deep Sea Pilot for the English Contact information can be found under Search and Rescue
Channel, the North Sea, or Skagerrak should send the request in the table titled United Kingdom—MRCC Contact Infor-
to one of the following stations: mation.
1. Brixham Pilots. Vessels are required to report any incidents involving a dis-
2. Brixham—Deep Sea and Coastal Pilots. charge or a probable discharge of oil and/or other harmful sub-
3. Brixham—Hammond Deep Sea Pilots. stances (such as noxious liquids or dangerous cargo) or where
4. Nieuwe Waterweg—Maassluis, Royal Ship Agency, damage, breakdown, or failure of a vessel affects safety. The
Dirkzwager. types of reports to be submitted are, as follows:
5. Dunkerque—Deep Sea Pilots (Pilotage Hauturier). 1. Harmful Substances Report (HS).—To be submitted
6. Cherbourg—Deep Sea Pilots (Pilotage Hauturier). when an incident takes place involving the discharge or
If pilotage is required for a westbound passage through the probable discharge of oil (Annex I of MARPOL 73/78) or
North Sea, arrangements should be made to board the pilot pri- noxious liquid substances in bulk (Annex II of MARPOL 73/
or to leaving port. If pilotage is required when eastbound from 78).
the Atlantic Ocean, it is advisable to board the pilot as far W as 2. Dangerous Goods Report (DG).—To be submitted
possible. In either case, since the pilots may have to travel long when an incident takes place involving the loss or likely loss
distances to the port of embarkation, as much notice as possi- overboard of packaged dangerous cargo, including those in
ble should be given to the pilotage agency. For further details, freight containers, portable tanks, road and rail vehicles, and
see the appropriate volume of Sailing Directions (Enroute). shipborne barges into the sea.
3. Marine Pollutants Report (MP).—To be submitted
Pollution in the case of loss or the likely loss overboard of harmful
substances in packaged form including those in freight con-
The following incidents occurring within the United King- tainers, portable tanks, road and rail vehicles, and shipborne
dom Pollution Control Zone must be immediately reported to barges identified in the International Maritime Dangerous
any MCA Maritime Rescue Coordination Center: Goods Code as marine pollutants (Annex III of MARPOL
1. Any accident or incident affecting the safety of the 73/78).
ship (collision; grounding; damage, malfunction, or break- The probability of a discharge resulting from damage to the
down; flooding; shifting of cargo; or any hull defect or struc- ship or its equipment is a reason for making a report. In judg-
Pub. 140
United Kingdom 767
ing whether there is such a probability and whether the report The lights, when exhibited by Examination Vessels, will be
should be made, the following factors, among others, should be carried in addition to their ordinary navigation lights. Masters
taken into account: of vessels are warned that should they approach the entrance to
1. The nature of the damage, failure, or breakdown of the a port which is being controlled by the Ministry of Defense,
vessel, its machinery, or its equipment. they should not enter a declared “Dangerous Area,” or close
2. Sea state, wind state, and traffic density in the area at boom defenses, without permission, nor should they anchor or
the time and place of the incident. stop in a “Dangerous Area” or prohibited anchorage unless in-
As a general guideline, reports should be made in cases of: structed to do so.
1. Damage, failure, or breakdown which affects the ship’s Masters are advised therefore to communicate with any gov-
safety (collision, grounding, fire, explosion, structural fail- ernment or port authority vessel found patrolling in the offing
ure, flooding, cargo shifting, etc.). to ascertain the recommended approach route to the port.
2. Failure or breakdown of machinery or equipment
which results in the impairment of the safety of navigation Examination Service
(failure or breakdown of steering gear, propulsion plant, In certain circumstances it may be necessary to take special
electrical generating system, shipborne navigational aids, measures to examine, or to establish the identity of, individual
etc.). vessels desiring to enter ports and to control their entry.
Information required in the three reports can be found in Ap- This is the function of the Examination Service, whose offi-
pendix I in the table titled United Kingdom—Pollution Reports cers will be afloat in Examination vessels or Traffic Control
by Vessels Suffering a Casualty. vessels.
Vessels rendering assistance or undertaking salvage work These vessels will wear the distinguishing flags of the Exam-
with vessels who have submitted an HS Report or an MP Re- ination Service, which are:
port are also required to submit these reports. Information re- 1. The Examination Service special flag consisting of a
quired by these reports can be found in Appendix I in the table blue border with red and white squared center.
titled United Kingdom—Pollution Reports by Vessels Ren- 2. The Blue Ensign or, occasionally, the White Ensign.
dering Assistance or Undertaking Salvage Work. If ordered to anchor in an Examination anchorage, masters
The MCA Counterpollution and Response Branch can be are warned that it is forbidden, except for the purposes of
contacted, as follows: avoiding accident, to do any of the following without prior per-
1. Telephone: 44-2380-329483 mission being obtained from the Examining Officer:
2. Facsimile: 44-2380-329446 1. To lower any boat.
44-2380-329485 2. To communicate with the shore or with any other ship.
3. E-mail: [email protected] 3. To weigh the anchors.
4. To allow any person or thing to leave the ship.
Regulations The permission of the Home Office Immigration Officer
must be obtained before any passenger or member of the crew
The Ministry of Defence has stated that should it become who has embarked outside the United Kingdom is allowed to
necessary to control the entrance of ships into, and the move- land. Nothing in the above paragraphs is to be taken as overrul-
ment of ships within, certain ports under its control in the Unit- ing any regulations issued by local authorities at particular
ed Kingdom, the signals described in the table titled Port ports or by routing authorities.
Entry Control Signals will be displayed.
Port Entry Control Signals Under European Union (EU) Directive 2009/16/EC, the Eu-
Day signal Night signal Meaning vessels arriving at or departing from a port or anchorage in the
Three red balls, Three flashing EU region.
Entry to port pro- For further information, see North Atlantic Ocean—Regu-
vertically dis- red lights, verti-
hibited lations—European Union Expanded Inspection (EI) Notifi-
posed cally disposed
cation.
Three green
Entry to port per-
No signal lights, vertical-
mitted Maritime and Coastguard Agency Home Page
ly disposed
One green light http://www.mcga.gov.uk
Movement within
One square blue between two Choose: Ships and Cargoes/Ship Surveys and
the port or anchor-
flag red lights, verti- Inspections/Mandatory Expanded Inspections
age prohibited
cally disposed
The 72-hour message should be sent to the local Maritime
These signals will be shown from some conspicuous position and Coastguard Agency (MCA) marine office by e-mail or fac-
in or near the approaches to the ports concerned, and may be simile for the port concerned. Further information can also be
displayed also by an Examination or Traffic Control Vessel op- obtained from the Maritime and Coastguard Agency web site.
erating in the approaches. The signals and their meanings are The 24-hour message should be sent to the port authority.
given in the table titled Port Entry Control Signals. Further information may also be obtained from:
Pub. 140
768 United Kingdom
Maritime and Coastguard Agency was instituted to help protect the environment of the PSSA.
Inspection Branch Further information on WETREP can be found in the section in
Bay 2/20, MCA, Spring Place North Atlantic Ocean—Ship Reporting System.
105 Commercial Road
Southampton Dangerous and Polluting Cargo
SO15 1EG The Merchant Shipping (Vessel Traffic Monitoring and Re-
United Kingdom porting Requirements) Regulations 2004 implement the Euro-
Telephone: 44-2380-329343 pean Council directive 2002/59/EC relating to vessels bound
Facsimile: 44-2380-329104 for or leaving European Union (EU) ports carrying dangerous
E-mail: [email protected] or polluting cargo.
[email protected] Merchant Shipping Notice MSN 1831 (M+F)—Vessel Traffic
Monitoring Notification and Reporting Requirements for Ships
Paris Memorandum of Understanding on Port State Con- and Ports details the requirements applicable to ships and har-
trol (PMoU) New Inspection Regime (NIR) bor authorities for compliance with statutory reporting arrange-
The NIR of the PMoU has introduced a mandatory reporting ments prior to entry into United Kingdom ports under new EU
system for vessels arriving at or departing from a port or an- provisions.
chorage in the Paris MoU region. The regulations apply to vessels of 300 gross tons and over.
The report for vessels sailing to ports in England, Northern Definitions.—Dangerous cargo is defined, as follows:
Ireland, Scotland, and Wales should be sent, as follows: 1. Cargo classified as dangerous in the IMDG Code.
a. 72-hour report—the local MCA Marine Office for the 2. Dangerous liquid substances as listed in Chapter 17 of
port. the IBC Code.
b. 24-hour report—the port authority. 3. Liquefied gases as listed in Chapter 19 of the IGC
The report for vessels sailing to ports in the Channel Islands Code.
should be sent to the port authorities. 4. Solids referred to in Appendix B of the IMSBC Code.
The report for vessels sailing to ports in the Isle of Man 5. Cargo on which preconditions have been imposed in
should be sent, as follows: accordance with paragraph 1.1.3 of the IBC Code or para-
a. 72-hour report—the Isle of Man Ship Registry. graph 1.1.6 of the IGC Code.
b. 24-hour report—the port authority. Polluting cargo is defined, as follows:
Inquiries for the Isle of Man can be directed to the Isle of 1. Oil, oily mixtures, oil fuel, or crude oil as defined in
Man Ship Registry, as follows: Annex I to MARPOL.
1. Telephone: 44-1624-688500 2. Noxious liquid substances, as defined in Annex II to
44-762-4493467 (mobile) MARPOL
2. Facsimile: 44-1624-688501 3. Harmful substances as defined in Annex III to MAR-
3. E-mail: [email protected] POL
For further information, see North Atlantic Ocean—Regu- 4. Any marine pollutant as defined in the IMDG Code.
lations—Paris Memorandum of Understanding on Port Vessels leaving UK ports.—The owner, agent, or master of
State Control (PMoU) New Inspection Regime (NIR). a vessel leaving a UK port and bound for any other port, in-
cluding another UK port, must notify the port of departure of
European Union Dangerous and Polluting Cargo Notifica- the information listed below under Required Information prior
tion to departure.
Under European Union (EU) Directive 2002/59/EC, as Vessels sailing to a UK port from outside the EU.—The
amended by EU Directive 2009/17/EC, any vessel over 300 owner, agent, or master of a vessel leaving a port outside the
gross tons and any vessel carrying dangerous or polluting cargo EU and bound for a UK port or an anchorage in UK territorial
bound to or leaving from EU ports should report to the relevant waters must notify the port of destination of the information
port authority at least 24 hours in advance. listed below under Required Information upon departure from
For further information, see Baltic Sea—Regulations—Eu- the loading port or, if the location in the UK is not known, as
ropean Union Dangerous and Polluting Cargo Notifica- soon as the location becomes known.
tions. Consolidated European Reporting System (CERS).—
CERS is an information management system developed by the
Particularly Sensitive Sea Areas (PSSA) UK Maritime Coastguard Agency to comply with UK report-
The waters off the W coast of the United Kingdom, Ireland, ing obligations under the provisions of MSN 1831. Port au-
Belgium, France, Spain, and Portugal, from the Sheltand Is- thorities can provide the data received from reporting ship
lands in the N to Cabo San Vicente in the S, including the En- masters, owners, or agents to CERS themselves or via a service
glish Channel, were granted (2004) the status of PSSA by the provider. CERS is the United Kingdom’s designated method of
International Maritime Organization. electronic reporting.
A PSSA is an area that requires special protection because of The information reported into CERS is captured by one of
its vulnerability to damage caused by marine activities. Vessels the following methods:
operating in or near such an area should exercise the utmost 1. System-to-system—The computer system of the data
care to avoid damage to the maritime environment and the ma- provider downloads the reported information directly into
rine organisms in it. No waste should be discharged overboard. CERS.
The Western Europe Tanker Reporting System (WETREP) 2. Online input—The data provider inputs the reportable
Pub. 140
United Kingdom 769
information into CERS through a web page portal using a se- chant Shipping (Dangerous Goods and Marine Pollutants)
cure and unique username and password. Regulations 1997
Further information on CERS can be obtained, as follows: The following additional information is required to be re-
1. Telephone: 44-1-224-597987 ported:
2. Facsimile: 44-1-224-212862 1. The correct technical name of the dangerous or pollut-
3. E-mail: [email protected] ing cargo; the United Nations numbers where they exist; the
4. Web site: https://cers.mcga.gov.uk/cerssvd/index.jsf IMO hazard class in accordance with the IMDG, IBC, and
Reporting Time Requirements.—This information must be IGC codes; the class of the vessel as defined by the INF
reported, as follows: Code, where appropriate; the quantities of such cargo and
1. If the destination port is known, the information must their location on board; and, if carried in transport units other
be provided to CERS at least 24 hours prior to arrival. than tanks, their identification marks.
2. If the duration of the voyage is less than 24 hours, the 2. For substances referred to in Annex I to the MARPOL
information must be provided to CERS no later than the time Convention, the safety data sheet detailing the physical and
of departure from the previous port. chemical characteristics of the products, including, where
3. If the destination port is not known until less than 24 applicable, their viscosity expressed in cSt at 50°C and their
hours prior to arrival, the information must be provided to density at 15°C and the other data contained in the safety da-
CERS as soon as possible after the destination port becomes ta sheet in accordance with IMO Resolution MSC.286(86).
known. 3. Address from which detailed information on the cargo
4. If the voyage information changes, the vessel shall im- may be obtained, as well as emergency numbers of the ship-
mediately notify the destination port. A change of destina- per or any other person or body in possession of information
tion must be reported to both the original destination port on the physical and chemical characteristics of the products
(cancellation message) and the revised destination port (ar- and on the action to be taken in an emergency.
rival notification).
Changes in the vessel’s ETA of less than 2 hours need not be Dangerous Goods in Harbor Areas (DGHAR) Regulations
notified to CERS. 2016
Required Information for all Vessels.—The required infor- Vessels bringing dangerous cargo into a harbor area must al-
mation is, as follows: ways notify the harbormaster and, if appropriate, the berth op-
1. Vessel name, call sign, and IMO number or MMSI erator. This notification is normally given 24 hours in advance
number. but there may be cases where the reporting time is different or
2. Port of destination. notification is not required.
3. The ETA at the port of destination or, if required by the Vessels carrying dangerous substances should immediately
port, the ETA at the pilot station. contact the harbormaster and, if at a berth, the berth operator
4. The ETD from the port of destination. of any “untoward incident” which occurs or has occurred on
5. Number of persons on board. the vessel. An untoward incident are leaks or escapes of dan-
Required Information for Vessels Carrying Polluting or gerous cargo or the threat of a leak or escape that could cause a
Dangerous Cargo.—The required information is, as follows: serious health or safety risk.
1. Vessel name, call sign, and IMO number or MMSI
number. Rabies Control
2. Port of destination. Strict regulations are in force to prevent the spread of rabies
3. For a vessel leaving a port in a Member State—ETD in the United Kingdom.
from the port of departure or pilot station, as required by the Any animal on board a vessel must be kept strictly confined
competent authority, and ETA at the port of destination. so that it cannot escape to shore or come in contact with anoth-
4. For a vessel coming from a port located outside the er animal. If the animal escapes, the master must immediately
community and bound for a port in a Member State—ETA at inform the police, a Revenue and Customs Officer, or an Ani-
the port of destination or pilot station, as required by the mal Health Officer of the State Veterinary Service.
competent authority.
5. Number of persons on board. DEFRA Home Page
6. The correct technical name of the dangerous or pollut-
ing cargo; the United Nations numbers where they exist; the http://www.defra.gov.uk
IMO hazard class in accordance with the IMDG, IBC, and
IGC codes; the class of the vessel as defined by the INF Further information can be found at the Department for En-
Code, where appropriate; the quantities of such cargo and vironmental Food and Rural Affairs (DEFRA) web site under
their location on board; and, if carried in transport units other “Wildlife and Pets.”
than tanks, their identification marks.
7. Confirmation that a list, manifest, or appropriate load- Marine Environmental High Risk Areas (MEHRA)
ing plan giving details of the dangerous or polluting cargo There are 32 locations around the coast of the United King-
carried and their location on the vessel is on board. dom that have been identified as MEHRAs. These areas have
8. Address from which detailed information on the cargo been identified after taking into account shipping risk, environ-
may be obtained. mental sensitivity, and other environmental protection mea-
sures already in place at each location. Mariners are expected
Reporting Requirements from Regulation 10 of the Mer- to take note of MEHRAs and either keep well-clear or, when
Pub. 140
770 United Kingdom
Marine Environmental High Risk Areas (MEHRAs)
Pub. 140
United Kingdom 771
this is not practical, to exercise more caution than usual when web sites of the Maritime and Coastguard Agency or the De-
passing in close proximity to a MEHRA. partment of Transport, as listed in the table titled Marine En-
Further information on MEHRAs can be obtained from the vironmental High Risk Areas (MEHRA)—Web Sites.
Marine Environmental High Risk Areas (MEHRA)

Name of Area Approximate Location(s)
Bass Rock 56°05'N, 2°38'W
Berry Head 50°24'N, 3°29'W
Berwick 55°46'N, 2°00'W
Dunbar 56°00'N, 2°31'W
Dungeness 50°55'N, 0°58'E
Farne Islands 55°38'N, 1°37'W
Fethalan (mainland Shetlands) 60°38'N, 1°20'W
Flamborough Head 54°07'N, 0°05'W
Gallan Head (Isle of Lewis) 58°18.0'N, 6°48.0'W; 58°15.5'N, 6°54.0'W; and 58°14.0'N, 7°00.0'W
Harwich and Felixstowe 51°55'N, 1°16'E and 51°56'N, 1°19'E
Hastings 50°51.5'N, 0°35.0'E
Holy Island 50°41'N, 1°48'W
Islandmagee (County Antrim) 54°50'N, 5°42'W
Isle of May 56°11'N, 2°33'W
Kinnaird Head 57°38'N, 1°53'W and 57°42'N, 2°05'W
Muckle Flugga 60°51'N, 0°55'W
Newburgh 57°19'N, 2°00'W
North St. Kilda 57°49'N, 8°35'W
Pembrokeshire Islands 51°44'N, 5°29'W; 51°44'N, 5°17'W; and 51°42'N, 5°16'W
Plymouth 50°19'N, 4°12'W and 50°19'N, 4°05'W
Portland 50°35'N, 2°27'W
St. Abb’s Head and Eyemouth 55°54'N, 2°08'W
South Foreland to Ramsgate 51°09'N, 1°23'E and 51°20'N, 1°25'E
South St. Kilda 57°49'N, 8°35'W
Spurn Bight Hastings 53°36'N, 0°08'E
Tees Holy Island 54°40'N, 1°10'W
Tor Ness (Hoy) 58°51'N, 3°23'W
Western Solent 50°42'N, 1°34'W
West Islay, Argyll, and Bute 55°47'N, 6°29'W
Marine Environmental High Risk Areas (MEHRA)—Web Sites

Agency Web address
National Archives http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk
Department of Transport http://www.dft.gov.uk/pgr/shippingports/shipping/elc/secmehras/pdfmehras
Quarantine port:
A vessel is required to report the following to the Port Health 1. The occurrence on board the vessel of—
Authority (PHA) not less than 4 hours and not more than 12 a. The death of a person other than as a result of an ac-
hours prior to arrival at a United Kingdom port from a foreign cident.
Pub. 140
772 United Kingdom
b. Illness where the person who is ill or has had a tem- Deep-Water Routes
perature of 38°C or greater which was accompanied by a An IMO-recommended Deep-Water Route lies W of the
rash, glandular swelling or jaundice, or when such a tem- Hebrides. Laden tankers over 10,000 gt should use this route
perature persisted for more than 48 hours. and not transit Little Minches and North Minch
c. Illness where the person has or has had diarrhea se- Also see North Sea and English Channel—Navigational
vere enough to interfere with work or normal activities. Information—Deep-Water Routes.
2. The presence on board of a person who is suffering
from an infectious disease or who has symptoms which may Routes
indicate the presence of an infectious disease.
3. Any other circumstances on board which are likely to Two IMO-recommended routes are located in The Minches,
cause the spread of infectious disease. as follows:
4. The presence of animals or captive birds and the occur- 1. Southbound traffic.—On the NW side of The Minches
rence of mortality or sickness among such animals or birds. through the Sound of Shiant between the Isle of Lewis and
The PHA can be contacted through a shipping agent or, alter- the Shiant Isles.
natively, through a port radio station. A Medical Officer or oth- 2. Northbound traffic.—On the SE side of the Minches
er officer of the PHA will board and grant health clearance off the coast of the Isle of Skye
when any of the circumstances in 1, 2, or 3 above have oc- An IMO-adopted two-way route, known as Long Sand Head,
curred on the vessel. lies close W of South Sunk TSS.
Search and Rescue

Special IMO Navigation Recommendations in the English
Channel General
Special IMO recommendations for navigation off certain ar- HM Coastguard (HMCG) is the authority responsible for ini-
eas off the United Kingdom and in the English Channel are in tiating and coordinating all civil maritime search and rescue
effect. For further information, see North Sea and English measures for vessels and persons in need of assistance in the
Channel—Regulations. United Kingdom Search and Rescue Region (UK SRR).
United Kingdom—MRCC Contact Information (See Note)

East Coast of England SRR
MRCC Humber 44-1262-672317 44-1262-400779 [email protected]
1 44-2392-552100 44-2392-554131 [email protected]
MRCC Solent
London Coastguard 44-2083-127380 44-2083-098196 [email protected]
MRCC Portland 1 44-1305-760439 44-1305-760451 [email protected]
MRCC Dover 44-1304-210008 44-1304-202137 [email protected]
MRCC Thames 1 44-1255-675518 44-1255-679415 [email protected]
MRCC Yarmouth 2 44-1493-851338 44-1493-331975 [email protected]

Wales and West Coast of England SRR
MRCC Brixham 3 44-1803-882704 44-1803-859562 [email protected]
Notes.—The maritime rescue infrastructure of the United Kingdom is undergoing a period of change,
leading to fewer MRCCs responsible for larger operational areas. Transmitter/receiver sites and frequencies
will remain largely unchanged; any communications directed to a discontinued MRCC, including telephone,
facsimile, or e-mail, will be redirected automatically. The mariner will receive a reply from the MRCC or
station which has taken over the responsibility for the operational area previously covered by the discontin-
ued MRCC.
1 MRCC Solent, MRCC Portland, and MRCC Thames have ceased operations and have been combined
into an organization named the National Maritime Operations Centre Fareham(50°51.5'N., 1°14.9'W.),
which will respond to all requests for assistance.
2 MRCC Yarmouth is controlled by MRCC Humber.
3
MRCC Brixham has ceased operations. All radio details and contact information remain in operation.
MRCC Falmouth is now responsible for the operational area and will respond to all requests for assistance.
4 MRCC Liverpool has ceased operations. All radio details and contact information remain in operation.
MRCC Holyhead is now responsible for the operational area and will respond to all requests for assistance.
Pub. 140
United Kingdom 773
United Kingdom—MRCC Contact Information (See Note)

44-1326-318342
MRCC Falmouth 3 44-1326-317575 [email protected]
44-1326-315610
MRCC Holyhead 4 44-1407-762051 44-1407-761613 [email protected]
MRCC Liverpool 4 44-1519-313341 44-1519-313347 [email protected]

MRCC Milford Haven 44-1646-690909 44-1646-697287 [email protected]
MRCC Swansea 44-1792-366534 44-1792-368371 [email protected]
Scotland and Northern Ireland SRR
MRCC Aberdeen 44-1224-592334 44-1224-575920 [email protected]
MRCC Belfast 44-2891-463933 44-2891-465886 [email protected]
MRCC Clyde 44-1475-729988 44-1475-786955 [email protected]
MRCC Shetland 44-1595-692976 44-1595-693634 [email protected]
[email protected]
MRCC Stornoway 44-1851-702013 44-1851-706796
[email protected]
Notes.—The maritime rescue infrastructure of the United Kingdom is undergoing a period of change,
leading to fewer MRCCs responsible for larger operational areas. Transmitter/receiver sites and frequencies
will remain largely unchanged; any communications directed to a discontinued MRCC, including telephone,
facsimile, or e-mail, will be redirected automatically. The mariner will receive a reply from the MRCC or
station which has taken over the responsibility for the operational area previously covered by the discontin-
ued MRCC.
1
MRCC Solent, MRCC Portland, and MRCC Thames have ceased operations and have been combined
into an organization named the National Maritime Operations Centre Fareham(50°51.5'N., 1°14.9'W.),
which will respond to all requests for assistance.
2
MRCC Yarmouth is controlled by MRCC Humber.
3
MRCC Brixham has ceased operations. All radio details and contact information remain in operation.
MRCC Falmouth is now responsible for the operational area and will respond to all requests for assistance.
4
MRCC Liverpool has ceased operations. All radio details and contact information remain in operation.
MRCC Holyhead is now responsible for the operational area and will respond to all requests for assistance.
The area corresponds with the International Civil Aviation tions center based near the Thames Barrier, covers the River
Organization (ICAO). The UK SRR approximates closely to Thames as far as Teddington. The voice call sign of an MRCC
that which can be reached by long-range aircraft capable of is the geographical name followed by “Coastguard.” (e.g.
operating up to 1,000 miles from shore and is bounded by “SWANSEA COASTGUARD”)
latitude 45° and 61°N, by longitude 30°W, and by the adjacent These stations, along with contact information, are listed in
European SRRs. the table titled United Kingdom—MRCC Contact Informa-
The area is further subdivided into three maritime SRRs un- tion.
der the authority of a Regional Operations Manager (SAR) op- Within each of the 18 districts associated with an MRCC
erating from a Maritime Rescue Coordination Center (MRCC). there is an organization of Auxiliary Coastguard Rescue Teams
Each of the three SRRs has six Maritime Rescue Coordination grouped within sectors under the management of regular HM
Centers (MRCC). The UK SRR surrounds the “Shannon” area, Coastguard Officers (HMCG). There are about 65 sectors, in
which is the responsibility of the Republic of Ireland. Each each of which are several Auxiliary Coastguard stations. Ap-
HMCG SRR contains several MRCCs. propriate scales of rescue equipment are maintained at all sta-
Search and rescue services which HMCG can call upon in tions.
the UK SRR comprise “declared” facilities which are available The HMCG is responsible for maintaining:
at short notice and which include military and some civil rotary 1. A continuous listening watch on VHF channel 16 with
and fixed wing aircraft and lifeboats of the Royal National a coverage of at least 30 miles offshore of the coast of the
Lifeboat Institution (RNLI) as well as additional facilities United Kingdom.
which include vessels which happen to be available and re- 2. An electronic radio watch on VHF DSC channel 70
spond at the time. covering up to 30 miles offshore.
The organization is based upon a constantly-manned watch 3. An electronic radio watch on MF DSC on 2187.5 kHz
system at 18 MRCCs, which together give coverage of UK at MRCC Falmouth, MRCC Milford Haven, MRCC Holy-
coastal waters. Additionally, London Coastguard, an opera- head, MRCC Clyde, MRCC Stornoway, MRCC Shetland,
Pub. 140
774 United Kingdom
MRCC Aberdeen, and MRCC Humber, covering 30 to 150 Channel Islands Coast Guard Contact
miles offshore. Information
All MRCCs also keep a continuous telephone and fax watch
and have a VHF Direction Finding capability. Jersey Coast Guard
MRCC Dover, which is also the station responsible for the Telephone 44-1534-447705
Channel Navigation Information Service (CNIS), operates a ra-
dar surveillance system and maintains a constant liaison with Facsimile 44-1534-499089
its French counterpart at Cap Nez in monitoring the traffic flow
through the Dover Strait. Liaison is maintained with MRCC Falmouth (United King-
Regular broadcasts are made at 40 minutes past each hour on dom) and CROSS Jobourg (France).
VHF channel 11, with additional broadcasts in poor visibility
or as circumstances dictate. CNIS operates an aircraft to identi- Resources
fy vessels which may appear not to be complying with the In- HM Coastguard.—HMCG operates SAR helicopters based
ternational Regulations for Preventing Collision at Sea, 1972. at Sumburgh in the Shetland Isles, Stornoway, Lee on Solent,
All its facilities are available for SAR operations or other mari- and, in daylight hours only, Portland.
time emergencies. The MCA has three emergency towing vessels (ETV) on
CALDOVREP is a mandatory ship reporting system under charter to provide emergency towing service in those areas
SOLAS regulations for the Dover Strait Traffic Separation deemed at high risk of environmental damage due to vessel ca-
Scheme (TSS); it is operated jointly by the United Kingdom sualties. These vessels are based in the Minches, Dover Strait,
and France, with ships reporting to either MRCC Dover or and the Southwestern Approaches.
MRCC Gris Nez. The Coastguard Agreement for Salvage and Towing (CAST)
MRSC Portland are also “reporting in” stations for ships op- is a standing agreement with tug operators and other vessels
erating the Ship Movement Reporting System (MAREP). capable of assisting MCA with towing, salvage, or other work
Vessels may also make voluntary Position and Intended related to saving life or property or environmental protection.
Movement Reports to MRCC Falmouth, MRCC Shetland, and Royal Air Force.—The Royal Air Force operates SAR fixed
MRCC Stornoway when on passage through their areas of re- wing aircraft and helicopters which are controlled through the
sponsibility. Air Rescue Coordination Center at Kinloss. It is responsible
In addition to its regional responsibilities, MRCC Falmouth for coordinating and controlling rescues on behalf of service
plays an important role in the GMDSS established by the IMO. and civil aviation in the UK SRR and provides resources for
MRCC Falmouth is the UK Single Point of Contact (SPOC) civil maritime SAR in the form of fixed wing aircraft and heli-
for worldwide RCC outside the European area of operations. It copters.
is also the link for INMARSAT alerts and satellite traffic, as Royal Navy.—The Royal Navy operates SAR helicopters
well as maintaining the UK EPIRB Registry. from two Royal Naval Air Stations. Royal Naval ships and air-
craft, including non-SAR helicopters, also assist casualties.
Channel Islands Royal National Lifeboat Institution.—The Royal National
The Channel Islands are completely enclosed within the Lifeboat Institution (RNLI), which is a private organization
French Search and Rescue Region and is split into two zones, supported entirely by voluntary contributions, maintains over
as follows: 400 lifeboats of various types (all-weather lifeboats and in-
1. Southern Area—Jersey territorial waters, including shore lifeboats) at more than 200 lifeboat stations around the
Ecrehou Reef and Minquiers Reef. coast of the United Kingdom, the Republic of Ireland, the Isle
2. Northern Area—Guernsey territorial waters, including of Man, and the Channel Islands. The inshore lifeboats are
Alderney, Sark, and several other small islands. equipped with VHF/FM radio and only maintain a listening
Jersey Radio and Saint Peter Port Radio maintain a continu- watch on VHF channel 16. Every all-weather lifeboat is
ous listening watch on VHF channel 16 and DSC channel 70. equipped the following:
Alderney Coastguard maintains a daylight only listening watch 1. VHF radiotelephone and DSC equipment.
on VHF channel 16. 2. Medium frequency radiotelephone and DSC equip-
ment.
Channel Islands Coast Guard Contact 3. High frequency radiotelephone and DSC equipment
Information 4. VHF direction-finding equipment capable of detecting
EPIRB and PLB transmissions on marine VHF frequencies
Alderney Coast Guard
and on 121.5 MHz.
Telephone 44-1481-822620 5. Radar capable of activating and detecting SART tran-
Facsimile 44-1481-823699 sponders.
When on service, these boats monitor all GMDSS DSC
Guernsey Coast Guard emergency frequencies appropriate to Sea Area A1 and Sea
44-1481-720672 Area A2.
Telephone All-weather lifeboats are from 12 to 17m long, with speeds
44-1481-710277 of 17 to 25 knots or more and ranges of 240 to 250 miles. In-
Facsimile 44-1481-256432 shore lifeboats are of inflatable or rigid inflatable construction,
with outboard motors capable of speeds of 20 to 40 knots.
E-mail [email protected]
Pub. 140
United Kingdom 775
All-weather lifeboats and the larger inshore lifeboats of the 8. Tugs available under the CAST agreement.
RNLI are now fitted with a quick flashing blue light exhibited The MRCC or MRSC will coordinate SAR action until a
from the masthead showing at least 120 flashes every minute. successful conclusion, or until search is called off, keeping all
Inshore rescue hovercraft are of rigid hull construction, with participants, including foreign SAR authorities where neces-
inflatable sponsons and a segmented skirt, and are capable of sary, informed. Tug companies, on being alerted by Lloyd’s or
speeds of 30 knots. An orange flashing light is displayed HMCG, may send tugs.
during operations.
Vessels Close to the Coast
HMCG may be informed of an actual or imminent distress
RNLI Home Page
situation by VHF or MF radio (direct or through a coast radio
http://www.rnli.org.uk station), satellite, EPIRBs, or a report of distress by a 999 (or
112) emergency telephone call. In every case, the MRCC or
National Coastwatch Institution.—The National Coast- MRSC receiving the initial distress automatically becomes the
watch Institution is a voluntary organization dedicated to main- coordinating station for the incident.
taining visual lookouts from coastal vantage point. The stations Automatic Ship Identification System (AIS) Network
monitor VHF distress frequencies and report these incidents to The Maritime and Coastguard Agency (MCA) has estab-
the Coastguard. The stations also monitor the local weather lished an AIS network of base station transponders in accor-
and provide information to the mariner upon request. Some dance with SOLAS Chapter V Regulation 19 and European
stations are also equipped with radar. Monitoring Directive 2002/59/EC.
The AIS operates primarily on two dedicated VHF channels,
National Coastwatch Institution Home Page as follows:
http://www.nci.org.uk 1. AIS1—161.975 MHz.
2. AIS2—162.025 MHz.
Where these two channels are not available regionally, the
Other resources.—Air Traffic Control Centers are often the
AIS is capable of automatically switching to alternative desig-
first to receive information about aircraft in distress. All com- nated channels.
mercial and many private aircraft are able to communicate with
these centers by radio, and, in certain circumstances, are obli- United Kingdom—AIS Network
gated to do so. They may be requested to assist in the search
for a casualty at sea by keeping a look out along or near their MCA District Base Station
normal routes, by reporting the position of the casualty if they Dunnet Head
should find it and, if possible, by guiding ships to the rescue.
Lloyd’s, who are informed of casualties by HMCG, will ad- Durness
vise HMCG of the position of any tugs in the area they are Gregness
aware of and may also notify of any ocean-going tugs. Aberdeen
Local officers of the Fishery Departments communicate with Noss Head
HMCG when reports are received of fishing vessels which are Rosemarkie
missing or overdue.
Windyheads Hill
The SAR action taken when a casualty occurs or is imminent
depends on whether a ship or aircraft is involved, its position Limavady
and the circumstances. Belfast
Orlock Head
Marine Casualties within the UK SRR Brixham East Prawle
If a ship in distress transmits a distress call, other ships must Glengorm
proceed its assistance. An MRCC or an MRSC, upon hearing
or receiving the distress call, will rebroadcast it by all appropri- Kilchairan
ate means, to alert shipping in the area and to Lloyd’s. Immedi- Law Hill
ate SAR action will be taken and assistance will be requested Clyde
from: Pulpitt Hill
1. The ARCC at Kinloss, who can call upon RN warships South Knapdale
and helicopters, and RAF fixed-wing aircraft and helicop-
ters. Tiree
2. HMCG helicopters, where appropriate. Fairlight
3. Royal National Lifeboat Institution Lifeboats, if the
Dover MRCC Dover
casualty is within their operating range.
4. Shipping in the area of the casualty. North Foreland
5. The Automated Mutual-Assistance Vessel Rescue Sys- Land’s End
tem (AMVER) Center in New York to establish which ships
may be in the vicinity of the casualty. Falmouth Lizard Point
6. Auxiliary Coastguard Rescue Teams. The Scillies
7. HMCG ETVs when on station.
Pub. 140
776 United Kingdom
United Kingdom—AIS Network Mariners on vessels fitted with an AIS should be aware that
the AIS will be transmitting own-ship data to other vessels and
MCA District Base Station shore stations. Vessels are advised to:
Inverbervie 1. Initiate action to prevent improper installation.
2. Ensure the correct information on the vessel’s identity,
Forth Saint Abb’s Crosslaw position, and movements (including voyage-specific infor-
Forth mation) is transmitted.
3. Ensure the AIS is turned on within at least 100 miles of
Holyhead South Stack the coast of the United Kingdom.
Cullercoats The routine updating of data into the AIS should be included
in the navigating officer’s checklist. The following data should
Humber Flamborough Head
be manually entered at the start of the voyage:
Whitby 1. Vessel’s draft.
MRSC Liverpool 2. Hazardous cargo on board.
Liverpool 3. Destination and ETA.
Snaefell 4. Route plan (way points).
Dinas 5. Correct navigational status.
Milford 6. Short safety-related messages.
Saint Ann’s Head It is recommended that the UN/LOCODE be used for desti-
Portland The Grove nation name to avoid any confusion caused by incorrect spell-
ing.
Collarfirth Hill Further information may be obtained from:
Compass Head Navigation Safety Branch
Shetland Maritime and Coastguard Agency
Saxa Vord
Spring Place
Wideford Hill 105, Commercial Road
Southampton
Needles
SO15 1EG
Solent Newhaven United Kingdom
Selsey Telephone: 44-2380-829332
Facsimile: 44-2380-329204
Butt of Lewis E-mail: [email protected]
Forsnaval
Stornoway
Melvaig Voluntary Search and Rescue Organizations
National Coastwatch Institute (NCI).—A voluntary orga-
Rodel
nization keeping a visual watch and monitoring VHF radio dis-
Hartland Point tress frequencies along the shores of the United Kingdom. The
Swansea Mumbles Hill NCI operates 46 NCI stations situated along the coast from
Cornwall in the SW to Wearside in the NE.
Severn Bridge
Thames MRSC Thames National Coastwatch Institute Home Page
Langham http://www.nci.org.uk
Yarmouth MRCC Yarmouth
Sea Safety Group (SSG).—A voluntary organization keep-
Mablethorpe
ing a visual watch along the shores of the United Kingdom as
well as monitoring all VHF distress channels. The SSG oper-
The locations of the base stations of the AIS network are giv- ates seven stations situated along the coast.
en in the accompanying table titled United Kingdom—AIS
Network. Sea Safety Group Home Page
The AIS network operates within IMO guidelines and is ca-
http://www.seasafetygroup.org
pable of receiving all message types and, in particular, AIS
message type 5 (ship’s static and voyage-related data), provid-
ed at 6-minute intervals in accordance with ITU-R M.1371-3. Stations also monitor local weather conditions and provide
The information requested can include position, vessel and information to mariners on request.
cargo type (e.g. tanker or cargo vessel and whether cargo is
hazardous), length, draft, next port of call, course, and speed. Ship Reporting System
This automated procedure will allow identification and track-
ing of suitably-equipped vessels without further interaction United Kingdom Ship Movement Report System (MAREP)
from either the UK Coastguard or the vessel’s crew. The United Kingdom Ship Movement Report System
Pub. 140
United Kingdom 777
(MAREP) is a voluntary reporting system which applies to the tions (Enroute) English Channel.
following vessels:
1. All merchant vessels of 300 gross tons and over. Ves- Western Europe Tanker Reporting System (WETREP)
sels of less than 300 gross tons are strongly encouraged to The Western Europe Tanker Reporting System (WETREP),
participate. a mandatory reporting system covering the waters off Belgium,
2. Any vessels “not under command” or at anchor in a the W coast and English Channel coasts of France, Ireland,
Traffic Separation Scheme (TSS) or an Inshore Traffic Zone Portugal; the N and W coasts of Spain, and the English Chan-
(ITZ). nel and W coasts of the United Kingdom, including the Shet-
3. Any vessel “restricted in its ability to maneuver.” land Isles, is in effect.
4. Any vessel with defective navigational aids. Further information can be found in North Atlantic
There are multiple areas off the coast of the United Kingdom Ocean—Ship Reporting System.
where MAREP regulations apply, as follows:
1. English Channel and Dover Strait—See Appendix Signals
II—United Kingdom Ship Movement Reporting System
(MAREP). The display of a visual gale warning signal indicates that a
2. Fair Isle Channel—See Pub. 141, Sailing Directions gale is expected within 12 hours, or is already in progress, in
(Enroute) Scotland. the coastal area on the landward boundary of which the station
3. Pentland Firth—See Pub. 141, Sailing Directions (En- flying the cone is situated.
route) Scotland. The cone signal will be lowered when the wind is below gale
4. The Minches—See Pub. 141, Sailing Directions (En- force and a renewal of gale force winds is not expected within
route) Scotland. 6 hours, so that the cone signal is left flying during a temporary
5. Kyle of Lochalsh—See Pub. 141, Sailing Directions abatement of a gale if a renewal is expected.
(Enroute) Scotland. The coastal sea areas are those designated for use in the
6. Land’s End/Isles of Scilly—See Pub. 191, Sailing Di- weather reports for shipping and for dissemination through the
rections (Enroute) English Channel. medium of the BBC and GPO coast radio stations broadcasts
which abut the coasts of the United Kingdom.
Dover Strait Reporting System (CALDOVREP) The warning signals are, as follows:
CALDOVREP, a mandatory reporting system under SOLAS 1. By day—A black or a white cone, 1m high and 1m
regulations, has been established in a 65-mile stretch of the wide at the base.
Dover Traffic Separation Scheme (TSS). All vessels 300 gross 2. By night—Three lights in the form of a triangle, 1m
tons and over are required to participate in this system; speci- wide at the base.
fied vessels under 300 gross tons are also required to partici- The N cone (point up) is hoisted for gales from any point N
pate in the system.Vessels participating in this system are of the E-W line. The S cone (point down) is hoisted for gales
tracked by radar and AIS. Vessels which appear to be navigat- from any point S of the E-W line.
ing within a TSS contrary to the requirements of Rule 10 of the When the direction of the gale is expected to change from
International Collision Regulations (72 COLREGS) will be re- the N side to the S side of the E-W line, the N cone is lowered
ported to their flag state. and the S cone hoisted. Conversely, when the direction of the
Further information can be found in Pub. 191, Sailing Direc- gale is expected to change from the S side to the N side of the
tions (Enroute) English Channel. E-W line the cone is changed accordingly.
Inshore mariners, for whose benefit the visual gale warning
CORSEN-OUESSANT (OUESSREP) service is primarily intended, are advised that a cone signal
CORSEN-OUESSANT (OUESSREP), a Vessel Traffic Ser- now relates solely to the operation of a local sea area gale
vice (VTS) system, has been established in the W approaches warning. Information given by these cone signals is to be re-
to the English Channel. It is a mandatory reporting system un- garded only as supplementary to the more detailed weather
der SOLAS regulations and operates within an area with a radi- bulletins for shipping which are regularly broadcast from the
us of 40 miles centered on Ile d’Ouessant. All vessels over 300 BBC and GPO radio transmitters.
gross tons are required to participate in this system. Special
IMO provisions have also been established for vessels using Traffic and Tidal Signals
the Traffic Separation Scheme (TSS) situated off Ouessant Most British ports use a form of the International Traffic and
(Ushant). Tidal Signals which may vary to the specific need of the indi-
Further information can be found in Pub. 191, Sailing Direc- vidual harbors. In general, tidal locks and basins display these
tions (Enroute) English Channel. type signals to indicate entrance depths and traffic conditions
and specific details are published in the appropriate volume of
Jobourg Vessel Traffic Service (MANCHEREP) Sailing Directions (Enroute) for the area.
MANCHEREP is a mandatory reporting system operating
under SOLAS regulations which has been established in an ar- Port Entry Control Signals
ea covering the Traffic Separation Scheme off Les Casquets. Certain ports under the control of the Ministry of Defense of
All vessels over 300 gross tons are required to participate in the United Kingdom may find it necessary to control the en-
this system; specified vessels under 300 gross tons are also re- trance of ships into and the movement of ships within these
quired to participate in the system. ports. Further information on these signals can be found under
Further information can be found in Pub. 191, Sailing Direc- Regulations.
Pub. 140
778 United Kingdom
Submarine Operating Areas “FINDER INFORM NAVY, COASTGUARD OR POLICE.

DO NOT SECURE TO OR TOUCH.”
The British Admiralty indicates that British submarines may A light which flashes approximately every 2 seconds, over a
be met day or night while operating in any of the waters of the period of about 72 hours, is mounted in the center of the top
British Isles, but most particularly in the vicinity of the ports of surface. In darkness and during good weather, the unassisted
Clyde, North Channel, Minches, Plymouth, and Barrow. Sub- visibility of the light is 5 miles.
marines may be surfaced or submerged, operating inde- The buoy carries UHF whip aerials (200cm and 100cm long)
pendently or with surface ships or aircraft. Submarines also and is fitted with two automatic transmitting radio units which
operate, as follows: operate on 406.0 MHz and 243.0 MHz.
1. In the Firth of Forth and its approaches centered on po- The 243.0 MHz SABRE emission will consist of three audio
sition 56°10'N, 2°00'W. sweeps from 1600 Hz down to not lower than 300 Hz, occupy-
2. Off Flamborough Head centered on position 54°26'N, ing a period of 1.2 seconds. The emission will then be silent for
0°22'E. 0.8 second. The transmission duration should continue for a
3. In the Irish Sea between the W coast of the Isle of Man minimum of 72 hours.
and the E coast of Northern Ireland. The 406.0 MHz emission will consist of a SARSET trans-
4. In an area centered on position 56°45'N, 1°30'E. mission.
5. In an area centered on position 54°05'N, 2°32'E.
6. In the Firth of Clyde and the lochs leading from it. Visual Signals
7. In the Inner Sound and the Sound of Raasay E of the The following signals may frequently be met with in areas
Isle of Skye. where British ships and aircraft exercise, whether or not sub-
8. In North Channel between Northern Ireland and Scot- marines are present, and should not be confused with subma-
land. rine indicator buoys.
9. Off the N coast of Ireland and Northern Ireland be- In case of doubt the object should be approached to confirm,
tween Tory Island and Lough Swilly. visually, whether or not it is a submarine indicator buoy before
Submarines also operate in the Firth of Lorne (56°18'N., reporting it.
5°47'W.), The Minches (58°00'N., 6°00'W.), and the approach- White Smoke Candles.—These are fired from submarines
es to Belfast Lough (54°46'N., 5°30'W.). to indicate their position. They burn for up to 10 minutes emit-
Submarines operate frequently in the English Channel, in the ting white smoke and flame and can thus be seen by day or
SW approaches to the English Channel and the Bristol Chan- night; they can easily be confused with aircraft marine markers
nel, S of 50°30'N and E of 10°00'W. A good lookout should be and floats, smoke, and flame. The candle can also give off a
kept for them when passing through these waters. yellowish-green dye indicating that a message is attached at its
It must not be inferred from the above that submarines exer- top end; the candle is green.
cise only when in company with escorting vessels. The notice Yellow Smoke Candles.—These are fired from submarines
“Submarine Exercise Area” on certain charts should not be to indicate their position. They burn for about 5 minutes, emit-
read to mean that submarines do not exercise outside such ar- ting yellow smoke.
eas. Warnings that submarines are exercising in specified areas They can be seen more easily than the white smoke candles
will be broadcast by a British Telecom coast radio station. in rough weather, but cannot be seen at night. The candle is
Submarines occasionally tow sonar equipment. Vessels are green with a red band.
recommended to remain at least 1,500m clear when crossing
astern of a surfaced submarine. Sonobuoys
Submarine operating areas are shown on a special series of These are dropped from aircraft to detect submarines and
charts (PEXA charts) published by the British Hydrographic may be encountered anywhere at sea. The sonobuoy has a yel-
Department. low flotation bag.
Submarine Indicator Buoys Smoke and Flame Flares and Marine Markers
British submarines are fitted with two indicator buoys, one at These are dropped from aircraft to aid in search operations.
each end of the ship, which can be released from inside in case They burn for varying durations. The flares and markers have
of emergency or if for any reason the submarine is unable to pale blue and luminous orange tips. Other versions are in ser-
surface. vice and may be encountered.
The buoy, known as Type 0070, is made of expanded plastic British vessels fly the appropriate group of the International
foam covered with a 3mm thick GRP skin for physical protec- Code of Signals to denote that submarines, which may be sub-
tion. It is semi-spherical in shape, 76cm in diameter and 90cm merged, are in the vicinity. Vessels are cautioned to steer so as
deep. to give a wide berth to any vessel flying this signal.
Anchorage for the 5mm braided nylon rope mooring at the If from any cause it is necessary to approach the vessel, a
bottom of the buoy is slightly offset from the center. good lookout must be kept for submarines whose presence may
The buoy floats end up with a freeboard of about 15cm in be indicated only by their periscopes or snorts showing above
slack water. It is international orange in color. For identifica- the water.
tion purposes each buoy is allocated a three digit serial number A submarine submerged at a depth too great to show the
which is displayed on each side under the words “Forward” or periscope may sometimes indicate the position by red and
“Aft.” white or red and yellow buffs or floats, which tow on the sur-
Also inscribed around the top of the buoy are the words: face close astern.
Pub. 140
United Kingdom 779
Submerged submarines also use white or yellow smoke can- “Forward” or “Aft.”
dles, or yellow and green pyrotechnic flares to indicate their Indicator buoys are attached to the submarine by a 1,000m
positions in response to requests from surface ships or aircraft braided line. Buoys found in areas where the depth of water is
or as required. Red pyrotechnic flares are released to indicate less than 1,000m may be secured to a sunken submarine. In ar-
emergency surfacing procedures are in effect and all vessels in eas where strong tidal streams or currents are prevalent the
the vicinity should clear the immediate area at once without depth from which the buoy may be expected to watch is con-
stopping their propellers and thence standby at a distance to siderably reduced and in these areas it is possible that a buoy
render assistance. may only watch at slack tide.
Two white or yellow smoke candles released singly about 3 It is possible that indicator buoys may break adrift acciden-
minutes apart indicate the submarine is preparing to surface. tally even though the parent submarine may not have sunk,
Vessels should clear area immediately without stopping pro- similarly a buoy found to be adrift is not necessarily an indica-
pellers. tion that all is well since it may have broken adrift after being
deliberately released following an accident.
Distress Signals In any case it is therefore important to establish whether or
A bottomed submarine which is unable to surface will try to not the buoy is adrift and it is considered that the only practical
indicate its position by the following methods: means of determining movement is by observing its behavior
1. Releasing a red and white striped indicator buoy in a tidal stream or seaway, or periodically fixing its position.
(which carries a vertical whip aerial) as soon as the accident In any event, it is absolutely vital that the mooring wire is not
occurs. parted, nor any tension applied to it. Boats should not secure to
2. On the approach of surface vessels and at regular inter- it.
vals by firing candles giving off a red flame and white smoke The preferred method of saving the lives of personnel in a
or just yellow smoke. sunken submarine is by rescue. This involves the use of spe-
3. Pumping out oil, fuel, or lubricating oil. cialized submersible and support craft, and is likely to take a
4. Blowing out air. considerable period of time before they can all arrive at the
If the red pyrotechnic flare signal is sighted and the subma- scene of the accident. The first assisting personnel on the scene
rine does not surface within 5 minutes, it should be assumed are likely to be parachuted in with their own inflatable boats.
that the submarine is in distress and has sunk. Once a rescue operation gets underway, it is vital that vessels
An immediate attempt should be made to fix the position in not involved keep well clear. Most submarines are now fitted to
which the signal was sighted, after which action in accordance receive rescue vehicles, but for those that are not, escape is the
with emergency reported procedures should be taken. only option.
It should be remembered that it may be impossible for a sub- At any time between the accident and the arrival of assisting
marine to fire its smoke candles. Correspondingly, a partially or rescue forces, conditions in the bottomed submarine may
flooded submarine may have only a certain number of its deteriorate to the point where the crew have to escape. The pre-
smoke candles available and searching ships should not there- cise time at which an escape may be conducted will not be
fore expect many to appear. known in the early stages of any operation, and thus it is im-
Some submarine pyrotechnics can be fitted with message portant that any ship finding an indicator buoy should stand by
carriers. If a message has been attached, the pyrotechnic will ready to receive escapees until relieved by naval forces.
be fitted with a dye marker, giving off a yellowish-green dye on In order that those trapped in the submarine know that help is
the surface. Such a pyrotechnic should be recovered as soon as at hand, naval vessels drop patterns of very small explosive
it has finished burning. charges, the meanings of which are known to the submarine.
Since oil slicks or debris may be the only indication of the Rather than do this, other vessels can indicate their presence by
presence or whereabouts of the sunken submarine, it is vitally the intermittent running of an echo sounder on high power, or
important that surface ships refrain from discharging anything by banging on the outer skin of an underwater portion of the
which might appear to have come from a submarine while they ship’s hull with a hammer. Such sounds are likely to be heard
are in the submarine probability area. Searching ships and air- by the submarine and should be carried out at frequent inter-
craft can waste many valuable hours investigating these false vals. The submarine may, if possible, acknowledge this by re-
contacts. leasing a flare which gives off a flame or smoke once reaching
In any submarine accident, time is the most vital factor af- the surface. Once naval forces arrive, such noise-making
fecting the chances of rescue of survivors, and as the sighting should be stopped so as not to interfere with other underwater
of an indicator buoy may be the first intimation that an accident communications.
has in fact occurred, it is vital that no time should be lost in tak- If the escape option is started, escapees will ascend nearly
ing action. vertically from the bottomed submarine, either individually or
The sighting of an indicator buoy or other submarine distress in small groups. On arrival at the surface, they may be exhaust-
signal should be reported by the quickest available means to ed or ill, and the presence of an already lowered boat to assist
the Navy, Coast Guard, or Police. However, if vessels are unin their recovery is very desirable. Some men may require re-
able to establish communications without leaving the vicinity compression treatment, and naval authorities will aim to get
of the submarine, it should be borne in mind that the primary such recompression chambers to the scene as soon as possible.
consideration should be for vessels to remain standing by to Naval authorities are always ready to put an escape and res-
rescue survivors and not leave the scene of the accident. cue operation into effect, but it remains clear that any vessel
Every effort should be made to include in the report the seri- finding evidence of a submarine disaster may be in a unique
al number of the buoy; this number is affixed below the word position to assist lifesaving by taking prompt action as de-
Pub. 140
780 United Kingdom
scribed above. which will be conducting submerged operations.
2. West coast of Scotland—Issued by Fleet Operations,
Navigation Lights Northwood (SUBFACTS—Clyde).
The masthead and side lights of British submarines are SUBFACTS—Clyde apply to both surfaced submarines
placed well forward and very low over the water in proportion which will be conducting submerged operations in allocated
to the length and tonnage of these vessels. Stern lights are areas as well as submerged submarines.
placed very low and may at times be partially obscured by General information on SUBFACTS is also broadcast by
spray and wash. They are invariably lower than the sidelights. NAVTEX.
While at anchor or a buoy by night submarines display an SUBFACTS are also available on request from MRCC
all-round white light amidships in addition to the normal an- Stornway (telephone: 44-1851-702103 or 44-1851-702014) or
chor lights. The after anchor light of nuclear submarines is VHF channel 16 (call sign: Stornoway Coastguard) or from
mounted on the upper rudder which is some distance astern of MRCC Belfast Coastguard (telephone: 44-2891-463933) or
the hull’s surface waterline. Care must be taken to avoid confu- VHF channel 16 (call sign: Belfast Coastguard).
sion with two separate vessels of less than 50m in length.
The overall arrangement of submarine lights are unusual and
may well give the impression of markedly smaller and shorter Time Zone
vessels than they are.
Their vulnerability to collision when proceeding on the sur- The Time Zone description is ZULU. Daylight Savings Time
face and the fact that some submarines are nuclear powered (ALFA (-1)) is maintained from the last Sunday in March until
dictates particular caution when approaching them. the last Sunday in October.
Some submarines are fitted with an amber quick-flashing
light situated about 1 to 2m above or below the masthead light. Traffic Separation Schemes
This additional light is for use as an aid to identification in
narrow waters and areas of dense traffic. The rate of flash of Traffic Separation Schemes (TSS) in the United Kingdom
the submarine fitted light is 70 to 180 flashes per minute or are, as follows:
flashing (3) at a short interval; this should not be confused with 1. East Coast
a similar light used by hovercraft currently with a rate of 120 a. Approaches to the River Humber. (IMO adopted)
flashes per minute. Some British submarines display an all b. In the Sunk area and Northern Approaches to the
round flashing amber light showing 90 flashes per minute. Thames Estuary. (IMO adopted)
The showing of one of these quick-flashing lights is intended c. Off Freisland. (IMO adopted)
to indicate to an approaching vessel the need for added caution d. At North Hinder (comprising North Hinder North
rather than to give immediate identification of the type of ves- and North Hinder South Traffic Separation Schemes).
sel exhibiting such lights. Subsequent identification of subma- (IMO adopted)
rine or hovercraft can usually be made by observation. e. In the approaches to the Hook of Holland (compris-
ing Maas West Outer, Maas West Inner, Maas Northwest,
SUBFACTS and Maas North Traffic Separation Schemes). (IMO ad-
SUBFACTS is a warning service providing information con- opted)
cerning planned or known submarine activity to the mariner. f. At West Hinder. (IMO adopted)
Submarines may operate for the entire period or for any part of 2. South Coast
the notified areas. a. In the Strait of Dover and adjacent waters. (IMO ad-
opted)
b. Off Land’s End between Seven Stones and Long-
SUBFACTS—South Coast
ships. (IMO adopted)
VHF: VHF channel 74 * c. South of the Scilly Isles. (IMO adopted)
FOST, Plymouth d. West of the Scilly Isles. (IMO adopted)
Telephone: 44-1752-557550
e. Off The Smalls. (IMO adopted)
* Within a range of 40 miles from Portsmouth. 3. West Coast (Wales).—Holyhead Harbor. (Stena Line
Falmouth Coastguard also broadcasts SUBFACTS—South Ports Limited, Holyhead)
Coast. 4. West Coast (England)
a. Liverpool Bay. (IMO adopted)
SUBFACTS—Clyde b. Off Land’s End between Seven Stones and Long-
Fleet Operations, 44-1923-956371 ships. (IMO adopted)
Telephone: 5. West Coast (Scotland)
Northwood 44-1923-956366
a. Off The Skerries. (IMO adopted)
Belfast Coastguard and Stornoway Coastguard also b. Off Neist Point. (IMO adopted)
broadcast SUBFACTS—Clyde. 6. North Coast (Scotland).—In the North Channel.
(IMO adopted)
SUBFACTS are issued, as follows:
1. South coast of England—Issued by Flag Officer Sea U.S. Embassy
Training (FOST), Plymouth (SUBFACTS—South Coast).
SUBFACTS—South Coast only apply to submarines The embassy is situated at 24 Grosvenor Square, London.
Pub. 140
United Kingdom 781
A new embassy complex is scheduled to open by the end of Information on Vessel Traffic Services in operation in the
2017 in the Nine Elms area of Wandsworth. United Kingdom and the type of service(s) provided (INS/
The mailing addresses are, as follows: TOS/NAS) can be found in Appendix III—United Kingdom
1. United Kingdom address— Vessel Traffic Services.
24 Grosvenor Square Local Port Service (LPS).—An LPS has been established in
London W1K 6AH ports where it has been determined that a VTS is excessive or
2. U. S. address— inappropriate. Providing an LPS is designed to improve port
PSC 801, Box 40 safety and the coordination of port services within the port
FPO AE (09498-4040) community by disseminating port information to both vessels
and terminal berth operators. It is mainly concerned with the
U. S. Embassy United Kingdom Home Page management of the port by supplying information on berth and
http://uk.usembassy.gov port conditions. An LPS can also act as a method for liaison
between vessels and port services, as well as providing a basis
for implementing port emergency plans. The following ports
Vessel Traffic Service have an LPS in operation:
1. Barrow-in-Furness (54°06'N., 3°14'W.).
A Vessel Traffic Service (VTS) is a service implemented by 2. Barry (51°23'N., 3°15'W.).
a Statutory Harbor Authority to improve the safety and effi- 3. Boston (52°58'N., 0°01'W.).
ciency of vessel traffic and to protect the environment. 4. Cairnryan (54°58'N., 5°01'W.).
The VTS should have the capability to interact with the traf- 5. Cardiff (51°27'N., 3°10'W.).
fic and to respond to traffic situations developing in the VTS 6. Clydeport (55°58'N., 4°44'W.).
area. Three types of services are available, as follows: 7. Falmouth (50°09'N., 5°03'W.).
1. Information Service (INS).—Defined by the IMO as 8. Great Yarmouth (52°34'N., 1°44'E.).
a service to ensure that essential information becomes avail- 9. Heysham (54°02'N., 3°14'W.).
able in time for onboard decision making. An INS does not 10. Holyhead (53°20'N., 4°37'W.).
participate in onboard decision making. It involves maintain- 11. Ipswich (52°02'N., 1°09'E.).
ing a traffic image and allows interaction with traffic and re- 12. Langstone Harbour (50°47'N., 1°02'W.).
sponse to developing traffic situations. An INS provides 13. Littlehampton (50°48'N., 0°32'W.).
timely and essential marine information to assist the onboard 14. Loch Ryan Port (54°58'N., 5°03'W.).
decision-making process. 15. Lowestoft (52°28'N., 1°45'E.).
2. Traffic Organization Service (TOS).—Defined by 16. Manchester Ship Canal (51°19'N., 2°57'W.).
the IMO as a service to prevent the development of danger- 17. Mostyn (53°20'N., 3°16'W.).
ous maritime traffic situations and to provide for the safe and 18. Newhaven(50°47'N., 0°04'E.).
efficient movement of vessel traffic within the VTS area. A 19. Newport (51°33'N., 2°59'W.).
TOS concerns the forward planning of movements to main- 20. Ramsgate (51°20'N., 1°25'E.).
tain vessel safety and to achieve efficiency. It provides timely 21. Scalloway (60°08'N., 1°17'W.).
and essential marine information to assist the onboard deci- 22. Shoreham (50°49'N., 0°15'W.).
sion-making process and may involve the provision of infor- 23. Silloth (54°52'N., 3°24'W.).
mation, advice, and instructions. 24. Sunderland (54°55'N., 1°21'W.).
3. Navigational Assistance Service (NAS).—Defined 25. Weymouth and Portland (50°34'N., 2°26'W.).
by the IMO as a service to assist onboard navigational deci- 26. Whitstable (51°22'N., 1°01'E.).
sion-making and to monitor its effects, especially in difficult
navigational or meteorological circumstance or in case of de-
fects or deficiencies. An NAS may be provided in addition to Wrecks
an INS or TOS. It provides essential and timely navigational
information to assist in the onboard navigational decision- As promulgated by U.K. authorities, the Protection of
making process. It may also involve navigational advice and/ Wrecks Act (1973), enables the Secretary of State to make or-
or instruction. ders to protect certain wreck sites in United Kingdom waters
The service may be provided at the request of a vessel or from unauthorized interference on account of either:
when a navigational situation is observed and intervention by 1. Their historic, archaeological or artistic importance or
the VTS is deemed necessary. This assistance requires posi- 2. Their potentially dangerous condition
tive identification and continuous communication between In the case of historic wrecks as in 1 above, “unauthorized
the vessel and the VTS providing the service. Acceptance by interference” includes tampering with, damaging or removing
the vessel of the NAS should be established and the begin- any part of a wreck within the area indicated, or carrying out
ning and end of the navigational assistance should be clearly diving or salvage operations within the area without a special
stated. license issued by the Secretary of State.
Clear operational procedures should be in place for the In dangerous condition as at 2 above, entry into the area is
provision of the NAS when requested by a vessel or when prohibited.
observed and intervention is deemed necessary by the VTS. The wreck sites are shown in magenta on NIMA charts.
The authorization of VTS personnel to provide this service Anyone convicted under the terms of this Act will be liable to a
should also be identified. fine not exceeding 1,000 pounds sterling.
Pub. 140
782 United Kingdom
There are 37 historic wrecks within the waters of the UK. ously unknown wrecks have been found in recent surveys.
under this Act. They have been declared restricted on account Sonar searches to locate wrecks are carried out simultane-
of the historical and archaeological importance of these sites. ously with modern surveys, but sonar conditions in the area are
The stranded wreck Richard Montgomery (51°27.9'N., particularly bad and wrecks may also be screened by sand
00°47.2'E.) has been declared a prohibited area due to explo- banks making their location difficult. In addition, wrecks previ-
sives contained within the wreck. ously covered by sand may become uncovered in newly
There are over 2,000 wrecks in the English Channel area; al- formed navigational channels.
though the least depth over the most critical ones has been ob- Strong tidal currents cause deep scouring close to wrecks,
tained by wire sweep, experience shows that unknown wrecks, which may sometimes capsize into the scour. In most cases this
most of vessels sunk in the two world wars, do sometimes exist results in a greater depth over the wreck, but a decrease of
in the vicinity of the shipping lanes, since a number or previ- depth from this cause can sometimes occur.
Pub. 140
United Kingdom 783
Appendix I—Reporting Formats for United Kingdom Pollution Reports
United Kingdom—Pollution Reports by Vessels Suffering a Casualty

Ident
Content HS MP DG
ifier
A Vessel name, call sign/ship station identifier, and flag X X X
B Date and time (UTC) of event X X X
C Latitude/Longitude
X1 X1 X1
D True bearing and distance in nautical miles from a clearly-identified landmark
E True course X
F Speed in knots and tenths of knots X
L Intended track X
M Radio communications (full names of stations and frequencies guarded) X X X
N Time of next report X
P Pollution details, as described in the Key below X2 X3 X3
Q Ship information, as described in the Key below X4 X4 X4
R Dangerous cargo lost overboard, as described in the Key below X5 X6 X6
S Weather conditions X X X
Name, address, telex, and telephone number of ship’s owner and representative (char-
T X X X
terer, manager, or operator of the ship or their agent)
U Vessel size and type X X X
X Remarks, as described in Key below 7 7 X
X X
Key
X Required information. Information not immediately available should be sent in a supplementary message or mes-
sages.
X1 Either format can be used.
This information is required in the event of probable discharge. The following details should be included:
1 Type of oil or the correct technical name(s) of the noxious liquid substance on board.
2 UN number(s).
X2 3 Pollution category (A, B, C, or D) for noxious liquid substances.
4 Name(s) of manufacturer(s) of substances, if appropriate, when known, or consignee(s) or consignor(s).
5 Quantity.
1 Correct technical name(s) of cargo.
2 UN number(s).
3 IMO hazard class(es).
X3 4 Name(s) of manufacturer(s), when known, or consignee(s) or consignor(s).
5 Types of packages, including identification marks. Specify whether portable tanks or tank vehicles, whether
vehicle or freight container, or other transport unit containing packages. Include official registration marks and
numbers assigned to the unit.
6 An estimate of the quantity and likely condition of the cargo.
X4 1 Condition of the vessel.
2 Ability to transfer cargo/ballast/fuel.
Pub. 140
784 United Kingdom
Key
1 Type of oil or the correct technical name(s) of the noxious liquid discharged into the sea.
2 UN number(s).
3 Pollution category (A, B, C, or D) for noxious liquid substances.
X5 5 An estimate of the quantity of the substances.
6 Whether lost substances floated or sank.
7 Whether loss is continuing.
8 Cause of loss.
9 Estimate of the movement of the discharge or lost substances, giving current position, if known.
10 Estimate of the surface area of the spill, if possible.
2 UN number(s).
4 Name(s) of manufacturer(s), when known, or consignee(s) or consignor(s).
X6 vehicle or freight container, or other transport unit containing packages. Include official registration marks and
7 Whether lost cargo floated or sank.
9 Cause of loss.
1 Action being taken with regard to the discharge and the movement of the vessel.
X7 2 Assistance or salvage efforts which have been requested or which have been provided by others.
3 The master of an assisting or salvaging vessel should report the particulars of the action undertaken or
planned.
Pub. 140
United Kingdom 785
United Kingdom—Pollution Reports by Vessels Rendering Assistance or Undertaking Salvage Work

Iden-
Content HS MP
tifier
A Vessel name, call sign/ship station identifier, and flag X X
B Date and time (UTC) of event X X
C Latitude/Longitude
X1 X1
D True bearing and distance in nautical miles from a clearly-identified landmark
E True course X X
F Speed in knots and tenths of knots X X
L Intended track X X
M Radio communications (full names of stations) X X
N Time of next report X X
P Pollution details, as described in the Key below X2 X3
Q Ship information, as described in the Key below X4 X4
R Dangerous cargo lost overboard, as described in the Key below X5 X6
S Weather conditions X X
Name, address, telex, and telephone number of ship’s owner and representative (charterer,
T X X
manager, or operator of the ship or their agent)
U Vessel size and type X X
7
X Remarks, as described in Key below X X7
Key
Required information. Information not immediately available should be sent in a supplementary message or mes-
X
sages.
X1 Either format can be used.
1 Type of oil or the correct technical name(s) of the noxious liquid substance on board.
2 UN number(s).
X2 3 Pollution category (A, B, C, or D) for noxious liquid substances.
5 Quantity.
2 UN number(s).
X3 4 Name(s) of manufacturer(s), when known, or consignee(s) or consignor(s).
vehicle or freight container, or other transport unit containing packages. Include official registration marks and
X4 1 Condition of the vessel.
2 Ability to transfer cargo/ballast/fuel.
Pub. 140
786 United Kingdom
Key
1 Type of oil or the correct technical name(s) of the noxious liquid discharged into the sea.
2 UN number(s).
3 Pollution category (A, B, C, or D) for noxious liquid substances.
X5 5 An estimate of the quantity of the substances.
6 Whether lost substances floated or sank.
8 Cause of loss.
9 Estimate of the movement of the discharge or lost substances, giving current position, if known.
10 Estimate of the surface area of the spill, if possible.
2 UN number(s).
4 Name(s) of manufacturer(s), when known, or consignee(s) or consignor(s).
X6 vehicle or freight container, or other transport unit containing packages. Include official registration marks and
7 Whether lost cargo floated or sank.
9 Cause of loss.
1 Action being taken with regard to the discharge and the movement of the vessel.
X7 2 Assistance or salvage efforts which have been requested or which have been provided by others.
3 The master of an assisting or salvaging vessel should report the particulars of the action undertaken or
planned.
Pub. 140
United Kingdom 787
Appendix II—United Kingdom Ship Movement Report System (MAREP)

The United Kingdom Ship Movement Report System can be found in Search and Rescue.
(MAREP) is a voluntary reporting system which applies to the Vessels should maintain a continuous listening watch on
following vessels: VHF channel 16, on VHF channel 80 for Jobourg Traffic, and,
1. All merchant vessels of 300 gross tons and over. Ves- if possible, on the main calling frequencies of the relevant
sels of less than 300 gross tons are strongly encouraged to shore stations.
participate. Vessels with no defects should send a Position Report (POS-
2. Any vessels “not under command” or at anchor in a REP). Vessels with defects (not under command, restricted in
Traffic Separation Scheme (TSS) or an Inshore Traffic Zone their ability to maneuver, defective navigational aids, etc.)
(ITZ). should send a Defect Report (DEFREP). If necessary, a subse-
3. Any vessel “restricted in its ability to maneuver.” quent amending report (CHANGEREP) should be sent.
4. Any vessel with defective navigational aids. All reports should be made in English, prefixed MAREP, and
The reporting area is bounded by, as follows: followed by POSREP, DEFREP, or CHANGEREP, using the
1. A line joining position 48°30.0'N, 5°45.0'W and Bish- format given in the table titled MAREP—Reporting Infor-
op Rock Light (49°52.3'N., 6°26.7'W.). mation.
2. A line joining North Foreland (51°22.5'N., 1°28.7'E.) These reports should be made to the following designated
to the Belgian coast through Mid Falls Lighted Buoy shore stations:
(51°18.6'N., 1°47.0'E.).
Vessels participating in MAREP should report to the appro- MAREP Receiving VHF
TSS
priate shore station 1 hour prior to entering the MAREP area Station Channel
and again when departing the MAREP area. Ouessant (Ushant) Ouessant Traffic 13, 79
Mandatory reporting procedures also apply to all vessels
over 300 gross tons in the following areas: Casquets Jobourg Traffic 13, 80
1. The TSS Off Ouessant (OUESSREP) and its associat- Griz Nez Traffic
ed ITZs—when crossing the reporting line consisting of a (northeast bound 13
circle with a radius of 40 miles centered on Ile d’Ouessant vessels)
(Le Stiff Radar Tower) (48°28.6'N., 5°03.1'W.). Dover Strait
Dover Coastguard
2. The TSS Off Casquets (MANCHEREP) and its asso-
(southwest bound 11
ciated ITZs—2 miles before entering the reporting area,
vessels)
which consists of an area bounded by lines joining the fol-
lowing positions:
a. 50°10'N, 2°58'W. Information broadcasts, which are preceded by an an-
b. 50°10'N, 2°00'W. nouncement on VHF channel 16, are made in English and
c. 49°20'N, 2°00'W. French, as follows:
d. 49°20'N, 2°58'W.
3. The TSS in the Strait of Dover and its Adjacent Wa- Station VHF Clear Restricted
ters (CALDOVREP), as follows: Channel Visibility Visibility
a. Northeast bound vessels—Report to Griz Nez Traf- Ouessant H+10
fic 2 miles before crossing a line joining Royal Sovereign 79
Traffic H+40
Light Tower (50°43'N., 0°26'E.) to the French coast
through Bassurelle Lighted Buoy (50°33'N., 0°58'E.). Jobourg H+20
80
b. Southwest bound vessels—Report to Dover Coast- Traffic H+50
guard when within VHF range of North Foreland and not Griz Nez
later than when crossing a line joining North Foreland to 79 H+10 H+25
Traffic
the Belgian coast through Mid Falls Lighted Buoy.
c. On departure from a port within the ITZ—Report to Dover H+40
11 H+55
Griz Nez Traffic or Dover Coastguard, whichever is closer Coastguard (English only)
to the port of departure.
Note.—For further information on OUESSREP, MAN- Restricted visibility means when visibility is less than 2
CHREP, and CALDOVREP see Pub. 191, Sailing Directions miles.
(Enroute) English Channel. These broadcasts contain navigational and traffic informa-
Vessels in the English Channel area should report to the tion on movements of vessels, urgent warnings to mariners,
nearest United Kingdom MRCC (Falmouth, Brixham, Port- and special weather bulletins. Urgent information will be
land, Solent, or Dover). Contact information for these MRCCs broadcast at any time as necessary.
Pub. 140
788 United Kingdom
MAREP—Reporting Information
ALFA Name and call sign of vessel.
BRAVO Day of month (2 figures) and time in hours and minutes (UTC in 4 figures).
CHARLIE * Latitude (4 figures N or S) and longitude (5 figures E or W).
DELTA * True bearing (3 figures) and distance in miles (2 figures) from a clearly-identified landmark.
ECHO True course in degrees (3 figures).
FOXTROT Speed in knots and tenths of knots (3 figures).
GOLF Last port of call.
INDIA Destination.
MIKE VHF channels monitored.
OSCAR Maximum present draft, in meters and centimeters.
PAPA Type and quantity (in tons) of cargo.
Defects in steering, navigational equipment, etc., and restrictions on maneuverability (Omit if
QUEBEC
nothing to report).
XRAY Any other useful information (Omit if nothing to report).
* Either format may be used.
Pub. 140
United Kingdom 789
Appendix III—United Kingdom Vessel Traffic Services
United Kingdom—Vessel Traffic Service

INS TOS NAS Remarks
Aberdeen (57°09'N., 2°03'W.) X X
Peterhead (57°30'N., 1°46'W.) X X For further information, see Pub. 141,
Orkney Islands (58°54'N., 3°04'W.) X Sailing Directions (Enroute) Scotland.
Sullum Voe (60°28'N., 1°18'W.) X X
Larne (54°51'N., 5°48'W.) X X
Belfast (54°40'N., 5°51'W.) X X
For further information, see Pub. 142,
Liverpool (53°27'N., 3°02'W.) X Sailing Directions (Enroute) Ireland and
the West Coast of England.
Milford Haven (51°40'N., 5°06'E.) X X
Bristol (51°26'N., 2°44'W.) X X
Plymouth (50°21'N., 4°11'W.) X
Poole (50°42'N., 1°59'W.) X X For further information, see Pub. 191,
Southampton (The Solent) (50°53'N., 1°24'W.) X X Sailing Directions (Enroute) English
Channel.
Dover (51°07'N., 1°20'E.) X X
St. Helier, Channel Islands (49°10'N., 2°07'W.)
Medway (51°27'N., 0°44'E.) X X
London (51°34'N., 0°54'E.) X X X
Sunk (51°50'N., 1°46'E.) X
Harwich (51°57'N., 1°17'E.) X X X
For further information, see Pub. 192,
King’s Lynn (52°46'N., 0°23'E.)
Sailing Directions (Enroute) North Sea.
Humber (53°33'N., 0°04'E.) X X
Tees and Hartlepool (54°40'N., 1°08'W.) X X X
Tyne (55°01'N., 1°24'W.) X
Forth Ports (56°00'N., 3°24'W.) X X
Pub. 140
791
VENEZUELA

Buoyage System 791
Firing Areas 791 Many lights have been reported as extinguished, damaged,
Government 791 destroyed, irregular, or unreliable.
Holidays 792
Industries 792 Cautions
Languages 792
Navigational Information 792 Many navigational lights along the coast have been reported
Offshore Drilling 793 to be unreliable, irregular, or operating at a reduced range.
Regulations 793 Piracy incidents have been reported (2006) in Guanta and Is-
Search and Rescue 793 las de Piritu.
Signals 793 Local magnetic anomalies have been reported, as follows:
Time Zone 793 1. In Golfo de Caraico (10°35'N., 64°00'W.).
Traffic Separation Schemes 794 2. Between Cabo San Roman (12°12'N., 70°01'W.) and
U.S. Embassy 794 Aruba, 15 miles N.
Currency
General The official unit of currency is the bolivar, consisting of 100
centimos.
Venezuela is located in Northern South America, bordering
the Caribbean Sea and the North Atlantic Ocean, between Co- Firing Areas
lombia and Guyana.
The climate is tropical, hot and humid, becoming more mod- A firing exercise area surrounds Isla La Orchilla (11°48.0'N.,
erate in the highlands. 66°08.5'W.). Navigation in this area is restricted.
The terrain contains the lowlands of the Maracaibo and the Government
highlands just to the E. The central part of the coast is dominat-
ed by two sections of the coastal mountain range and the E Venezuela is a republic. The country is divided into 23 states,
third of the coast is low-lying areas in the delta of the Orinoco. one federal district, and one federal dependency.
Pub. 140
792 Venezuela
Industries
The main industries are agricultural products, livestock, raw
materials, machinery and equipment, transport equipment,
construction materials, medical equipment, pharmaceuticals,
chemicals, iron and steel products, crude oil, and petroleum
products.
The main exports are petroleum and petroleum products,
bauxite and aluminum, minerals, chemicals, and agricultural
products. The main export-trading partners are the United
States, India, China, and Cuba.
The main imports are agricultural products, livestock, raw
Flag of Venezuela materials, machinery and equipment, transport equipment,
construction materials, medical equipment, petroleum prod-
Venezuela is governed by a directly-elected president who ucts, pharmaceuticals, chemicals, and iron and steel products.
serves a 6-year term. The unicameral National Assembly is The main export-trading partners are the United States, China,
composed of 167 directly-elected members who serve 5-year Brazil, and Colombia.
terms.
The legal system is based on organic law as of July, 1999.
The capital is Caracas.
Languages
Holidays Navigational Information
Enroute Volume
January 1 New Year’s Day ume 2.
Monday nearest January 6 Epiphany
Maritime Claims
Carnival (two days) Variable
The maritime territorial claims of Venezuela are, as follows:
March 19 St. Joseph Day
Palm Sunday Variable Territorial Sea * 12 miles.
Holy Thursday Variable Contiguous Zone ** 15 miles.
Good Friday Variable Fisheries or Economic 200 miles.
Zone
April 19 Declaration of of Exploitation.
Independence Day
May 1 Labor Day
** Claims a 15-mile Security Zone.
Corpus Christi Variable Maritime Boundary Disputes
June 24 Battle of Carabobo Barbados, Dominica, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, and
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines are countering Venezuela’s
June 29 Sts. Peter and Paul Day claim that Isla Aves (15°42'N., 63°38'W.) sustains human habi-
July 5 Independence Day tation, which would permit Venezuela to extend its Exclusive
Economic Zone over a large portion of the Caribbean Sea.
July 24 Bolivar's Birthday Maritime boundary dispute in the Gulf of Venezuela with
August 15 Assumption Day Colombia.
Venezuela’s claim of all territory W of the River Essequibo
October 12 Columbus Day (Dia de has prevented any discussions regarding the maritime bound-
la Raza) ary between Guyana and Venezuela. Based on a recent oil dis-
November 1 All Saints’ Day covery, which Guyana claims is within the Guyanese Exclusive
Economic Zone, it has been reported (2015) Venezuela has is-
sued a decree that would annex Guyanese maritime waters as a
December 24 Christmas Eve theoretical new “defense zone” which would leave Guyana
with no direct access to the Atlantic Ocean.
Guyana has expressed its intention to challenge the N limit
December 31 New Year’s Eve of Trinidad and Tobago’s maritime boundary with Venezuela
Pub. 140
Venezuela 793
under the claim that this boundary extends into the territorial taking, speed must be reduced to avoid heavy or the effects of
waters of Guyana. suction.
Offshore Drilling Pre-arrival Quarantine Reporting

Messages should be sent, via telex, through the agent at least
Drilling platforms, well heads, and pipelines occupy the 48 to 72 hours prior to arrival. Messages should include the fol-
greater portion of Lago de Maracaibo. Drilling platforms, drill lowing information:
rigs, and associated vessels are also found up to 35 miles N of 1. Name of vessel.
Peninsula de Paria (10°40'N., 62°20'W.). 2. Last port entered before arrival at Puerto Cabello.
3. ETA at Puerto Cabello.
Pilotage 4. Number of officers and total number of crew members.
5. Declaration that no sick persons are on board and that
Pilotage is compulsory in all ports, rivers, and lakes where no suspicion of illness exists.
the government has established a pilotage zone. See the indi- 6. Request for free access.
vidual ports in Pub. 148, Sailing Directions (Enroute) Caribbe- 7. Name of captain.
an Sea, Volume II for further information.
Search and Rescue
Regulations
The INEA is responsible for search and rescue operations in
General Venezuelan waters. Supervision, control, and execution of mar-
In Venezuelan territorial waters, the Venezuelan flag must be itime rescue operations is undertaken through 17 port captains.
displayed continuously. At night, on demand, the name of the In emergencies, VHF channel 16 should be utilized, although
vessel must be signaled by Morse lamp. 24-hour watchkeeping is not guaranteed. Working hours are
Petroleum or other oils must not be discharged overboard in- normally 0800-1700 (Monday-Friday) and 0800-1900 (Satur-
to the territorial waters surrounding the Venezuelan coasts. day and Sunday).
Heavy fines may be imposed for such violations. Port authorities maintain a continuous listening watch only
Vessels are not permitted by Venezuelan authorities to an- during working hours for distress traffic on VHF channel 16.
chor within territorial waters except in ports and places usually Contact information for the Maritime Rescue Coordination
used for commerce or under stress of weather. Centers (MRCC) and the Maritime Rescue Coordination Sub-
There are strict dress regulations in force in Venezuelan centers (RCC) in Venezuela can be found in the table titled
ports. Venezuela—MRCC and MRSC Contact Information.
Accommodation is to be provided to the same standard as
ships’ officers for Customs guards on board vessels. Signals
Vessels carrying explosive or inflammable cargo must notify
the Port Captain in advance prior to discharge or transit. In addition to the International Code of Signals, dredges
Vessels navigating in channels may not overtake other ves- working in the Rio Orinoco also use additional special signals.
sels in the channel except in an emergency, provided there is no For further information, see Pub. 148, Sailing Directions (En-
other vessel approaching from ahead. When crossing, vessels route) Caribbean Sea Volume II.
should keep as far to starboard as possible. Vessels proceeding
in the same direction should keep at least 1 mile apart. Time Zone
Vessels in a channel have priority over vessels about to enter
the channel. A vessel in a main channel has priority over a ves- The time zone description is QUEBEC (+4). Daylight Sav-
sel entering from a secondary channel. When crossing or over- ings Time is not observed.
Venezuela—MRCC and MRSC Contact Information

MRCC Venezuela 58-212-3034511 58-212-3551518 [email protected]
MRSC La Guaira (military) 58-212-3323115 58-212-3326148 [email protected]
MRSC Maiquetia 58-212-3551920 58-212-3551518 [email protected]
MRSC Puerto Cabello (military) 58-242-3618448 58-242-3616353 [email protected]
MRSC Maracaibo (military) 58-261-7211188 58-261-7226480 [email protected]
MRSC Carenero 58-234-3230117 58-234-3230950 [email protected]
MRSC Puerto La Cruz 58-281-2677932 58-281-2677452 [email protected]
MRSC Pampatar (military) 58-295-2621454 58-295-2626377 [email protected]
MRSC Ciudad Guayana 58-286-9303549 58-286-9237228 [email protected]
Pub. 140
794 Venezuela
Traffic Separation Schemes 2. U. S. address—

APO AA (34037)
Traffic Separation Schemes are located, as follows:
1. Canal de Maracaibo. (Government of Venezuela) U. S. Embassy Venezuela Home Page
2. Golfo de Venezuela. (Government of Venezuela) http://caracas.usembassy.gov
U.S. Embassy
The U.S. Embassy is situated at Calle F con Calle Suapure, Vessel Traffic Service
Urbanizacion Colinas de Valle Arriba, Caracas.
The mailing addresses are, as follows: A Vessel Traffic Service is in operation in the approaches to
1. Venezuela address— Puerto Jose Terminal (10°07'N., 64°52'E.). For further infor-
P.O. Box 62291 mation, see Pub. 148, Sailing Directions (Enroute) Caribbean
Caracas 1060-A Sea, Volume II.
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NORTH ATLANTIC OCEAN

Prepared and published by the

© COPYRIGHT 2017 BY THE UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT

by this publication. date of publication shown above. Important information to

RAD Advisories were issued prior to 31 December 2016 to

The following abbreviations may be used in the text:

VII Pub. 140

General 1 along the cost.

Holidays Enroute Volume

Pollution inspection procedures. For further information, see Italy—

Regulations Time Zone

General 5 Buoyage System

Fishing Areas the Prophet’s Birthday.

Tunny Fishing Industries

Flag of Algeria Territorial Sea * 12 miles.

General 9 Buoyage System

Anguilla is the northernmost of the Leeward Islands.The ter- Government

Territorial Sea 12 miles.

Navigational Information U.S. Embassy

General 11 Chart No. 1 for further IALA Buoyage System information.

Territorial Sea * 12 miles.

Time Zone The mailing addresses are, as follows:

The U. S. Ambassador to Barbados is accredited to Antigua U. S. Embassy Barbados Home Page

Territorial Sea * 12 miles.

Languages Time Zone

There is no U.S. embassy; the Consul General to Curacao is

General 19 and around the Bahamas.

Territorial Sea * 12 miles.

First Friday in June Labor Day Search and Rescue

Meteorology U.S. Embassy

1. Bahamas address— Washington, DC (20521-3370)

Baltic Sea—Ice Information

Baltic Sea—Ice Information

Navigational Information gat.

Deep Sea Pilotage—Contact Information

Baltic Sea—Pollution Reporting Contacts

Baltic Sea—Pollution Reporting Contacts

Pollution used for surveillance. The use of electronic remote-sensing

Regulations or as a bearing and distance from a clearly-identified land-

Appendix I—Routes in and around the Baltic Sea

1. Routes from Oslo to ports in the North Sea.

3. Routes in the Baltic Sea.

Appendix II—Gulf of Finland Reporting System

Buoyage System Government

Maritime Boundary Disputes

Day signal Night signal Meaning U.S. Embassy

General 49 the SE.

Industries f. 51°19'20.4''N, 2°34'43.2''E.

Belgium—Pilotage Request Information

Belgium—Pilotage Request Information

Pilotage tween Belgium and the Netherlands applies to the estuary of

Regulations International Maritime Organization.

General 55 of 100 cents.

Holidays Territorial Sea * 12 miles.

The following holidays are observed: Fisheries or Economic 200 miles.

Industries Search and Rescue

b. A tropical storm or hurricane has developed or Time Zone

General 59 Areas to be Avoided

Bermuda is a group of islands located in the North Atlantic