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    Hardness Test

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    Gurdeep Kohli
    The Brinell hardness test measures the hardness of metals by pressing a hardened steel ball into the test specimen under a specified load. The hardness number is calculated based on the load applied and the surface area of the resulting indentation. The test is commonly used to determine the hardness of metals like iron, steel, and aluminum with different loads and ball sizes used depending on the hardness of the material. The experimental procedure involves preparing the specimen surface, applying a calibrated load for a specified time, measuring the indentation diameter, and calculating the Brinell hardness number. Precautions must be taken regarding specimen thickness and spacing of indentations to avoid deformation.

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    Hardness Test

    Uploaded by

    Gurdeep Kohli
    66 views2 pages
    The Brinell hardness test measures the hardness of metals by pressing a hardened steel ball into the test specimen under a specified load. The hardness number is calculated based on the load applied and the surface area of the resulting indentation. The test is commonly used to determine the hardness of metals like iron, steel, and aluminum with different loads and ball sizes used depending on the hardness of the material. The experimental procedure involves preparing the specimen surface, applying a calibrated load for a specified time, measuring the indentation diameter, and calculating the Brinell hardness number. Precautions must be taken regarding specimen thickness and spacing of indentations to avoid deformation.

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    How to perform a hardness test

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    The Brinell hardness test measures the hardness of metals by pressing a hardened steel ball into the test specimen under a specified load. The hardness number is calculated based on the load applied and the surface area of the resulting indentation. The test is commonly used to determine the hardness of metals like iron, steel, and aluminum with different loads and ball sizes used depending on the hardness of the material. The experimental procedure involves preparing the specimen surface, applying a calibrated load for a specified time, measuring the indentation diameter, and calculating the Brinell hardness number. Precautions must be taken regarding specimen thickness and spacing of indentations to avoid deformation.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    66 views2 pages

    Hardness Test

    Uploaded by

    Gurdeep Kohli
    The Brinell hardness test measures the hardness of metals by pressing a hardened steel ball into the test specimen under a specified load. The hardness number is calculated based on the load applied and the surface area of the resulting indentation. The test is commonly used to determine the hardness of metals like iron, steel, and aluminum with different loads and ball sizes used depending on the hardness of the material. The experimental procedure involves preparing the specimen surface, applying a calibrated load for a specified time, measuring the indentation diameter, and calculating the Brinell hardness number. Precautions must be taken regarding specimen thickness and spacing of indentations to avoid deformation.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    of 2

    HARDNESS TEST

    Hardness can be defined as ‘Resistance of metal to plastic deformation, usually by indentation.’


    However, the term may also refer to stiffness or temper, or to resistance to scratching, abrasion, or
    cutting. It is the property of a metal, which gives it the ability to resist being permanently,
    deformed (bent, broken, or have its shape changed), when a load is applied. The greater the
    hardness of the metal, the greater resistance it has to deformation.
    EQUIPMENT: Electrically operated Brinell Hardness Testing Machine, round flat specimen of
    the material to be tested
    PRINCIPLE OF THE TEST: The Brinell Hardness Test consists of pressing a hardened steel ball
    of known size into a test specimen. A standard ball used of 2.5 mm diameter and a load of 187.5
    kg for hard metal is used, while for intermediate hardness 62.5 kg load is used and 31.5 kg is used
    for soft metals.
    Hard Metals: Soft Iron, Mild Steel, Cast Iron – P/D2 = 30
    Intermediate Metals: Copper, Brass, Nickel – P/D2 = 10
    Soft Metals: Pure Aluminum, Zinc and Cast Brass – P/D2 = 5
    In this system, the hardness number is defined as the total pressure divided by the area of the
    resulting impression (mm2).
    𝐹 𝐹
    BHN = =
    𝜋𝐷𝐻 (𝜋𝐷)(𝐷−√𝐷2 −𝑑2 )
    2
    where BHN : Brinell Hardness Number
    F : Total Load in kg
    D : Diameter of ball in mm
    d : Mean diameter of impression in mm
    h : Depth of impression

    TYPES OF HARDNESS TESTS:


    Most commonly used hardness tests are Brinell Hardness and Rockwell Hardness Tests. Some
    other types of tests are also used to determine hardness of special types of materials like hard
    steels, such tests are Vicker Hardness Test, Monotrom Hardness Test and Rockwell superficial
    test. For very thin specimen specially designed hardness test known as micro-hardness test is used
    in laboratory.

    EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE:
    1. Prepare a surface on which the observation is to be taken.
    2. Select the Load required for the given specimen. Apply full load for 15 seconds for ferrous
    metals and 30 seconds for softer metals.
    3. Get the impression on the polished surface of the specimen.
    4. Measure the diameter of the given specimen.
    5. For the given value of load and diameter of impression, find the Brinell Hardness Number.

    PRECAUTIONS:
    1. Thickness of the specimen should be such not be taken less than 8 times the depth of
    indentation to avoid deformation to the opposite surface of the specimen.
    2. Indentation should not be made nearer to the edge of a specimen from edge should be at
    least 2.5 times the diameter of indentation.
    3. Minimum distance between two consecutive indentations should be 4 times the diameter
    of indentation.
    4. Rapid rate of applying load should be avoided.

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