Tavi |6

socialuri gavlenebi

adamianis socialuri bunebidan logikurad gamomdina-

reobs rom is sociumis gavlenas unda daemorCilos. es ki
niSnavs imas, rom adamianebi cxovroben individualobis da
sociumisadmi damorCilebis Rirebulebebs Soris mudmiv
konfliqtSi. individma erTis mxriv unda daicvas Tavisi
individualoba, amas garkveuli Rirebuleba aqvs misTvis
da meores mxriv sazogadoebis normebisadmi daqvemdeba-
rebasac garkveuli Rirebuleba miewereba. am komfliqtis
arsis garkveva, misi gadawyvetis gzebis Zieba socialuri
fsiqologiis erTerT ZiriTad problemas warmoadgens.
misi gadawyveta ki mniSvnelovnadaa damokidebuli imaze,
Tu ramdenad iqneba gacnobierebuli socialuri gavlenebis
fsiqologiuri kanonzomierebebi. rogor SeiZleba movaxdi-
noT gavlena sxvebze? ra unda vicodeT, rom SevZloT Sev-
cvaloT maTi qcevebi, atitudebi da grZnobebi sasurveli
mimarTulebiT? ra situaciuri da pirovnuli maxasiaTeb-
lebis codnaa saWiro raTa efeqturad gadavwvitoT prob-
lemebi?
esaa sakiTxebi romlebic socialuri fenomenebis im
sferoSi ganixilebian, romelic socialuri gavlenebis
saxelwodebiTaa cnobili da socialuri fsiqologiis
kvlevis ZiriTad sferos warmoadgens.
socialur fsiqologiaSi nakvlevia da dadgenilia mTe-
li rigi procesebi, romelTa gamoyenebiT SeiZleba gavle-
na movaxdinoT sxvebze - SevcvaloT maTi rwmenebi, ati-
tudebi da qcevebi, maT Soris gansakuTrebiT gamoikveTa
konformizmi, damTmoboba da morCileba, romlebic
metnaklebad kargadaa Seswavlili.
konformizmi - roca individi cvlis Tavis qcevas, rwme-
nas an atituds arsebuli socialuri normebis zegavleniT.
amrigad, konformizmi ganixileba rogorc saSualeba rom-
liTac jgufi an sazogadoeba ayalibebs Tavisi wevrebis
aqtiobas. es xorcieldeba im formaluri da araformalu-
ri wesebiT, romlebic miuTiTeben Tu romelia 3swori4
(misaRebi) qceva.

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 damTmoboba - warmoadgens socialuri gavlenis ufro
pirdapir da pirovnul formas. damTmobobasTan gvaqvs saq-
me roca individi cvlis Tavis qcevas sxvisi moTxovniT.
morCileba - xorcieldeba situaciaSi sadac individi
cvlis Tavis qcevas sxvisi pirdapiri brZanebiT. Cveuleb-
riv individs romelic brZanebas iZleva igulisxmeva rom
aqvs Zala daimorCilos sxva, rom mas aqvs Zalaufleba.

komformizmi

socialuri gavlenebis kvlevebSi klasikur eqsperimen-

talur gamokvlevebadaa CaTvlili s. aSis, m. Serifis da s.
milgramis eqsperimentebi. Serifis gamokvleva exeba norme-
bis Camoyalibebis sakiTxs, igi jgufis individze zegavle-
nis kanonzomierebebs ikvlevs, xolo milgrami avtorita-
ruli morCilebis fsiqologiuri Taviseburebis kvlevas
exeba. amJamad Serifisa da aSis gamokvlevebs SevafasebT,
xolo milgramis eqsperimentebs morCilebis fenomenis gan-
xilvisas gavarCevT.
Serifis eqsperimenti. arsebiTad exeba socialuri nor-
mebis Camoyalibebis procesis kvlevas laboratoriul
pirobebSi. kvlevaSi gamoyenebuli iyo avtokinetikuri
fenomeni (srul sibneleSi, Tu mxedvelobas davafiqsirebT
erTaderT ganaTebul wertilze mogveCveneba, rom wertili
moZraobs qaoturad, sxvadasxva mimarTulebiT da gansxva-
vebuli siCqariT. Tumca wertili uZravia, moZraobis ganc-
da iluzorulia). winaswar eqsperimentebSi, subieqtebi Se-
yavT bnel oTaxSi da sTxoven Seafason ganaTebuli werti-
lis moZraobis manZili diumebSi (1 = diumi 2,5 sm). ramde-
nime cdis Semdeg dadginda Tu rogor afasebs TiToeuli
subieqti wertilis moZraobis sigrZes. aRmoCnda, rom subi-
eqtebis Sefaseba gansxvavebuli iyo. zogs eCveneba, rom
wertili moZraobda daaxloebiT 1 diumze, zogs eCvenebo-
da, rom moZraobda or diumze. zogis Sefaseba ki iyo 8-10
diumi.
cxadia, aseT orazrovan situaciaSi subieqtebi ar iqne-
bodnen darwmunebuli sakuTar SefasebaSi. es iqedanac Can-
da, rom subieqtebi xSirad cvlidnen TavianT sawyis Sefa-
sebas.

169
 mas Semdeg rac dadginda TiToeuli subieqtis moCve-
nebiTi moZraobis sigrZe, laboratoriaSi saeqsperimentod
SemoyavdaT subieqtebis samkaciani jgufi da sTxovdnen
kidev erTxel Seafason wertilis moZraobis sigrZe.
jgufis wevrebis SerCeva xdeboda winaswari cdebis Sedege-
bis safuZvelze. jgufSi xvdeboda is subieqtebi, romelTa
Sefaseba gansxvavdeboda erTmaneTisagan. mag. erTerT
jgufSi gaerTianda subieqtebi, romelTa wertilis moZra-
obis sigrZis Sefaseba iyo 1, 2 da 8 diumi. amjerad isini
wertilis moZraobas afasebdnen rigrigobiT. eqsperimenti
grZeldeboda ramodenime dRis ganmavlobaSi. ase rom
erTidaigive jgufs sistematurad uxdeboda wertilis moZ-
raobis sigrZis Sefaseba. mkvlevarebs ainteresebdaT subi-
eqtebis Sefasebebi darCeboda gansxvavebuli Tu isini
Seecdebodnen Sefasebebis urTierT daaxloebas. Sedegebis
analizi aCvenebda, rom miuxedavad imisa rom pirvel dRes
subieqtebis Sefaseba mkveTrad gansxvavdebodnen erTma-
neTisagan, meoTxe dRes maTi Sefasebebi ukve erTmaneTs
emTxveoda. aSkarad SeimCneoda Sefasebebis urTierTdaax-
loebis tendencia, jgufis normebis Camoyalibebis ten-
dencia.
daaxloebiT erTi wlis Semdeg igive subieqtebi xelax-
la moiwvies imave eqsperimentebSi monawileobis misaRebad
im gansxvavebiT, rom amjerad subieqtebze eqsperimenti
tardeboda calkcalke. mkvlevarebs ainteresebdaT subi-
eqtebis Sefasebebi iqneba gansxvavebuli Tu isini Seecdebi-
an SeinarCunon jgufuri normebi? aRmoCnda, rom subieqteb-
ma gamoavlines jgufis normebis SenarCunebis tendencia.
saintereso kvlevebi ganaxorcieles jakobsma da kemp-
belma (Robert Jacobs & Donald Campbell, 1961) Serifis mier migne-
buli eqsperimentuli proceduris gamoyenebiT. maT avto-
kinetikuri fenomeni gamoiyenes imis sakvlevad Tu ramde-
nad SeuZlia kulturas mcdari rwmenebis ganmtkiceba. ami-
saTvis gamoiyenes cru subieqtebi, romlebic moqmedebdnen
eqsperimentatorebis miTiTebiT. eqsperimentSi subieqti
cru subieqtTan erTad afasebda ganaTebuli wertilis
moZraobas. cru subieqti miTiTebis Tanaxmad wertilis
moZraobas afasebda namdvili subieqtis Sefasebisagan sak-
maod gansxvavebulad. Tu namdvili subieqti Seafasebda
rom wertili moZraobs 2 diumiT, cru subieqtis Sefaseba

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iyo 10 diumi. ramdenime seriis Semdeg xdeboda Sefasebebis
urTierT daaxloeba da saboloo Sefaseba xdeba is rom
wertili moZraobs daaxloebiT 5 diumiT. amis Semdeg cru
subieqts cvlidnen namdvili subieqtiT. aseT situaciaSi
jgufis norma agrZelebda moqmedebas. amis Semdeg Semcv-
lel subieqts isev cvlidnen axali subieqtiT da a.S.
xorcieldeboda subieqtis Canacvleba ramdenime seriaSi.
mkvlevarebs ainteresebdaT romel Secvlamde Seinar-
Cunebda jgufi Tavis Sefasebas. aRmoCnda, rom iluzoruli
Sefasebis jgufis norma SenarCunebul iqna subieqtebis
mexuTe Canacvlebamde. kvlevis avtorebis daskvnaa is rom
adamianebi gaucnobiereblad xdebian kulturuli sicruis
gavrcelebis monawileni.
s. aSis eqsperimenti. aSi dainteresda sakiTxiT, konfor-
mulobas mxolod maSin iCens adamiani roca situacia
orazrovania, roca subieqtebi ar arian darwmunebulni
TavianT SefasebaSi, Tu maSinac gamoavlens mas roca sti-
muli araorazrovania da individi darwmunebulia Tavis
SefasebaSi?
aSis eqsperimentebi tipiurad tardeboda Semdegnairad:
laboratoriaSi SemoyavT xuTi subieqti, romelTagan nam-
dvili subieqtia erTi, danarCeni eqsperimentatoris miTi-
TebiT moqmedebs. maT svamen magidis irgvliv da eubnebian,
rom isini monawileobas iReben percepciis Seswavlis
eqsperimentebSi. maT evalebaT xazebis sigrZis Sefaseba.
amis Semdeg maT aCveneben sam gansxvavebuli sigrZis xazs
(rogorc es mocemulia figura 6-1-Si). xazebi danomrilia.

1 2 3

fig. 6-1.

171
aCveneben agreTve calke daxazul erT xazs - (etalonuri
xazi) romelic aSkarad Cans rom Sesafasebeli sami xazi-
dan erTerTis tolia da danarCeni oridan aSkarad gan-
sxvavdeba. subieqtebs evalebaT miuTiTon etalonuri xazi
Sesafasebeli xazebidan romeli xazis tolia. unda miuTi-
Ton xazis nomerze. subieqtebs unda epasuxaT rigrigobiT
imisda mixedviT rogor ijdnen. subieqtebi ki ise dasves,
rom namdvil subieqts unda epasuxa sxvebis pasuxebis mos-
menis Semdeg. radgan xazebs Soris gansxvaveba aSkara iyo,
Cveulebriv pasuxebSi ar iyo gansxvaveba. yoveli Sefasebis
Semdeg subieqtebs Sesafaseblad uCvenebdnen xazebis axal
wyebas. xazebis axali wyebis Semotana Sesafaseblad xdebo-
da sistematurad. magram, xazebis zogierTi wyebis Sefa-
sebisas xdeboda, namdvili subieqtis TvalsazrisiT, uc-
nauri ram, pirveli subieqti xazis sigrZes afasebda aSka-
rad mcdarad. mag. fig. 1-is SemTxvevaSi miuTiTebda, rom
etalonuri xazi Sesafasebeli xazebidan pirveli nomeri
xazis toli iyo. ucnaurobas aZlierebda is, rom sxvebic
rigrigobiT imeorebdnen imave Secdomas. bolos dadga
namdvili subieqtis jeri. da aseTi ram eqsperimentebis
seriebSi xSirad meordeboda. miuxedavad misi gaocebisa da
miuxedavad imisa, rom namdvili subieqtebi aSkarad xedavd-
nen, rom sxvebi mcdarad pasuxobdnen, xSirad TviTonac
mcdar pasuxebs iZleodnen. saboloo jamSi aseT komfliq-
tur situaciaSi marTalia yvela subieqti ar avlenda
konformulobas, magram subieqtebis sami meoTxedi Tavis
pasuxebSi erTxel mainc eTanxmeboda mcdar Sefasebas, e.i.
avlenda konformulobas. es niSnavs, rom pasuxebis 63%-ar
eqvemdebareboda konformizmis gavlenas, xolo pasuxebis
37% konformuli iyo.

rogor axdens jgufi gavlenas

mraval situaciaSi, arsebobs dawerili Tu dauwereli

wesebi, romlebic miuTiTeben Tu rogor unda moviqceT.
eseni cnobilia rogorc socialuri normebi - da rogorc
wesi isini zusti da naTelia. saxelmwifo funqciobs
konstituciiT, dawerili kanonebiT da kodeqsebiT. sazo-
gadoebrivi institutebi moqmedeben garkveuli dawerili
normebiT, romelic aregulirebs maTi wevrebis qcevebs.

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 zogierTi normebi ki dauwereli da implicituria.
umravlesoba CvenTagani asrulebs aseT dauwerel wesebs.
socialuri normebi, miuxedavad imisa arian isini daweri-
li Tu dauwereli eqsplicituri Tu implicituri, imor-
Cileben adamianTa umravlesobas. es Zlieri tendencia
konformulobisaken, imoqmedos sazogadoebis moTxovnis
Sesabamisad, Tu rogor unda moiqce ama Tu im situaciaSi,
SeiZleba mogveCvenos xSirad uxerxulad, magram is adamia-
nebs icavs socialuri anarqiisagan. aseTi konformulobis
gareSe sazogadoeba warmoudgenelia. amrigad, konfor-
muloba sakmaod sasargeblo funqcias asrulebs.
magram es ar niSnavs, rom konformuloba yovelTvis
sasargebloa. zogjer normebs, romlebic marTaven adamia-
nis qcevas, ara arqvT naTeli mizani, isini rogorc amboben
ubralod arseboben. da aseTi normebi sakmao raodenobiT
arseboben. aseT SemTxvevaSi, roca norma marTavs adamianis
qcevas imis miTiTebis gareSe Tu ra praqtikuli mniSvne-
loba aqvs mas, individebi maT ganixilaven rogorc ara-
sasurvels.
miuxedavad imisa, rom konformulobisaken Zlieri ten-
dencia gacnobierebuli iyo rogorc socialuri fsiqo-
logiis ise sxva socialuri mecnierebebis warmomadgen-
lebis mier 1950-ian wlebamde is ar gamxdara seriozuli
Seswavlis obieqti, sanam ar gamoCnda aSis sakmaod goneba-
maxviluri eqsperimentebi.

faqtorebi, romlebic gavlenas axdenen konformulobaze

aSis kvlevebi aCveneben konformulobis tendenciebs.

Tumca kvleviTi monacemebi miuTiTeben agreTve rom
konformuloba ar vlindeba erTidaigive xarisxiT yvela
situaciaSi an yvela jgufebsa da individebSi. es faqti
svams sakiTxs, ra faqtorebi ganssazRvraven imas, Tu ra
xarisxSi eqvemdebareba individi konformulobas? miuTiTe-
ben cvladebze, romlebic gavlenas axdenen tendenciis
intensiobaze, esenia jgufis SeWiduloba, jgufis sidide,
socialuri mxardaWeris arseboba-ararseboba da sqesi.
jgufis SeWiduloba da konformuloba. jgufis SeWi-
dulobaSi igulisxmeba e.w. 3Cven4 grZnoba - Tu ramdenad
Tvlis individi jgufs misTvis Rirebulad - e.i. jgufis

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wevrebs Soris kavSiris xarisxi - mag. urTierT simpatiebis
xarisxi. jgufis SeWiduloba ganixileba rogorc erTerTi
mizezi imisa, Tu ratom axdens erTi jgufi met gavlenas
Tavis wevrebze, vidre meore jgufi. rac ufro didia
SeWidulobis Zala miT ufro konformulebi arian jgufis
wevrebi jgufis normebis da miznebis mimarT.
jgufis sidide da konformuloba. TiTqosda logikuri
iyo daSveba, rom rac ufro meti raodenoba moqmedebs
erTnairad, an amtkicebs garkveul mosazrebas, miT ufro
didi iqneba albaToba Cvenc ise gavakeToT. magram jgufis
sididesa da konformulobas Soris damokidebuleba ufro
rTuli aRmoCnda. kvleviTi monacemebi miuTiTeben, rom
konformulobisaken dawola, damorCilebis tendencia, izr-
deba 5 kacian jgufebamde, da amis Semdeg jgufis zomis
zrda Zalian mcire damatebiT efeqts iZleva. amis erTerT
mizezad Tvlian imas, rom jgufis sididis zrda 5 wevris
zemoT, SeiZleba warmoSobs saidumlo garigebis arsebobis
Sesaxeb eWvs. e.i. SeiZleba jgufis wevrma, romelzec gavle-
nas axdens jgufi, daaskvnas, rom jgufis wevrebi ar gamo-
xataven individualur Tvalsazriss.
am fenomenis gansxvavebuli axsna SemogvTavaza latanem
(Bibb Latane, 1981). misi azriT socialuri gavlenis zrda
damokidebulia jgufis simWidroveze da zomaze. jgufis
zomis zrdasTan erTad mcirdeba TiToeul wevrze gavlena.
mag. erTerT kvlevaSi universitetis studentebs sTxoves
gaerCiaT erTi sasamarTlo saqme. sanam gamoitandnen
TavianT ganaCens studentebs uCvenes am saqmis oTxi cru
subieqtis mier ganxorcielebuli garCeva. rodesac cru
subieqtebi warmodgenili iyvnen rogorc ori damouki-
debeli jgufi, maTi moqmedebebi namdvil subieqtebSi met
konformulobas iwvevda, vidre roca oTxive erTad
warmodgenili iyo rogorc erTi jgufi. aseve ori jgufi
Semdgari sam-sami individisagan iwvevda met konfor-
mulobas vidre eqvsi individisagan Semdgari erTi jgufi.
xolo sami jgufi or-ori individisagan Semdgari gaci-
lebiT met konformizms iwvevda.
saintereso axsna SemogvTavaza am faqtisa tanfordma
da penrodma (Tanford, Penrod, 1984). maTi azriT, Tavidan yove-
li individi romelic emateba jgufs iZleva ufro did
wanazards konformulobisken dawolaze, magram mere funq-

174
cia swordeba ise, rom yoveli damatebiTi wevris soci-
aluri gavlenis totalur odenobas gacilebiT naklebs
umatebs vidre wanmaswrebi. avtorebi gvTavazoben e.w.
socialuri gavlenis models - (Social influence Model - SiM) -
maTi azriT, jgufis zomasa da konformulobas Soris
kavSiri - Tu maT x da y RerZze gamovxatavT, miiRebs S
formas. e.i. mrudi Taavidan maRla miiwevs da Semdeg
swordeba.
SIM modeli agreTve gvTavazobs, rom roca socialuri
gavlenis samizneTa raodenoba izrdeba, funqcia jgufis
sididis konformulobasTan mimarTebaSi iqneba swori. e.i.
roca jgufi raodenobaSi izrdeba, misi gavlena ramo-
denime wevrze naklebi iqneba, vidre misi gavlena
erTaderT wevrze. avtorebi Tvlian, rom SIM modeli
uzrunvelyofs saukeTeso aRweras Tu rogor icvleba
socialuri gavlena jgufis sididisa da gavlenis samiz-
neze individebis raodenobasTan erTad.
jgufis erTsulovnebis efeqti. aSis (da bevri sxva)
kvlevebSi subieqtebze dawola xdeboda erTsulovani jgu-
fis poziciebidan. aseT pirobebSi Znelia winaaRmdegoba
gauwio socialur zegavlenas. ra moxdeba roca aseTi
dawolisas subieqti aRmoaCens Tundac erT mokavSires? e.i.
arsebobs individi, romelic mis azrs iziarebs. kvleviTi
monacemebi adastureben, rom aseT SemTxvevaSi konfor-
muloba mkveTrad mcirdeba.
dadastureba jgufis erTsulovnebis efeqtisa miRebul
iqna ori damatebiTi faqtidan. pirveli - konformuloba
Semcirda maSinac ki roca is erTi mokavSire romelic
arRvevda umravlesobis erTsulovnebas ar iyo
kompetenturi mocemul situaciaSi. mag. erTerT kvlevaSi
romelic exeboda vizualur Sefasebas, konformuloba
mcirdeboda miuxedavad imisa, rom mxardamWeri, romelic
arRvevda umravlesobis erTsulovnebas moTavsebuli iyo
sqeli minis tixars miRma da ar qonda nanaxi xelovnuri
stimuli. meore faqti ki iyo is, rom konformuloba mcir-
deboda maSinac ki, roca im erTi individis Sefaseba
gansxvavdeboda subieqtis Sefasebisagan, magram gansxvav-
deboda umravlesobis Sefasebisganac. e.i. mniSvneloba
qonda imas, rom is arRvevda umravlesobis erTsulovnebas.

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 amrigad, aRmoCnda, rom socialuri mxardaWeris nebis-
mieri forma SeiZleba sasargeblo iyos socialuri dawo-
lisadmi winaaRmdegobis TvalsazrisiT. amasTan, SeiZleba
daviWiroT gansxvaveba socialuri mxardaWeris gansxvave-
bul formebs Soris. mag. aRmoCnda, rom mxardaWera manamde,
sanam konformulobisaken dawola gaizrdeba ufro efeq-
turia, vidre mxardaWera mas Semdeg, rac dawola ukve
xorcieldeba. imis codna, rom viRaca inawilebs Tqvens
Tvalsazriss gexmarebaT sakuTari Sefasebisadmi ndobis
ganmtkicebaSi da amdenad zrdis jgufis dawolisadmi
winaaRmdegobis gawevis unars. mxardaWera adamians soci-
alur simamaces matebs. am faqts mTel rig cxovrebiseul
socialur situaciebSi aqvs mniSvnelovani nagulisxmevi
azri. Tu Tqven aRmoCndebiT situaciaSi, romelSic
konformulobisaken dawola izrdeba da grZnobT, rom
saWiroa winaaRmdegobis gaweva, pirvel rigSi unda scadoT
gulaxdilad ilaparakoT ramdenadac SeiZleba swrafad.
rac ufro male gaakeTebT amas, miT ufro didia Sansi
SemoierToT romelime sxva da amiT metia Sansi winaaRmde-
goba gauwioT dawolas.
seqs gansxvavebuloba da konformizmi. adrindeli gamo-
kvlevebi aCvenebda, rom qalebi ufro konformulebi arian
vidre mamakacebi. es monacemebi garkveulwilad qalebisa
da mamakacebis maxasiaTeblebis Sesaxeb gabatonebuli
Tvalsazrisis konsistenturi iyo (mag. rom mamakacebi
ufro mtkiceni arian da qalebi damTmobebi). 1970 wlebamde
Tvalsazrisi, rom qalebi ufro mgrZnobiareni arian soci-
aluri gavlenis mimarT vidre mamakacebi eWvmiutaneli
Canda. 70-ian wlebSi iwyeba aseTi midgomis Semowmeba. axa-
li kvlevebi SeiZleba iTqvas rom ar adasturebda sqess
Soris raime gansxvavebas konformulobis tendenciebSi.
aRiniSna, rom aseTi Sedegebi miRebuli iqna ufro daxve-
wili da Tanamedrove doneze Catarebuli kvlevebis safuZ-
velze. dadga sakiTxi, ratom iyo adrindel kvlevebSi
miRebuli gansxvavebuli Sedegebi? ratom dasturdeboda
rom qalebi ufro konformulebi arian? rogorc Cata-
rebuli eqsperimentebis analizma aCvena, Sedegebi arsebi-
Tad gansazRvra im masalam romelic kvlevisas iyo gamo-
yenebuli. aRmoCnda, rom davaleba an is masala, romelsac
iyenebdnen kvlevebSi ufro nacnobi iyo mamakacebisaTvis,

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vidre qalebisaTvis. radgan adamianebs tendencia aqvT miyv-
nen sxvis gavlenas ufro maSin, roca isini gaurkvevel
situaciaSi arian vidre roca situacia garkveulia, gasa-
gebia monacemebis mixedviT qalebi ratom avlendnen
konformizmis ufro maRal dones vidre mamakacebi. rom es
faqtori marTlac pasuxismgebelia konformulobaSi sqes-
Ta Soris gansxvavebulobaze adreul kvlevebSi miRebul
Sedegebze, daadastura kvlevebma. erTerT kvlevaSi dadgin-
da, rom roca qalebisaTvis naklebad iyo cnobili is
masala romelsac iyenebdnen kvlevebSi, isini marTlac uf-
ro avlendnen damTmoblobas jgufis dawolis mimarT. mag-
ram roca gamoyenebuli masala naklebad nacnobi iyo
mamakacebisaTvis vidre qalebisaTvis, maSin mamakacebi
avlendnen met konformulobas.
amrigad, axali monacemebi ar adastureben mniSvnelovan
gansxvavebas konformulobaSi mamakacebsa da qalebs Soris.
Tumca miuxedavad amisa jer kidev arsebobs rwmena, rom
qalebi ufro advilad eqvemdebarebian gavlenas, vidre
mamakacebi. gamoiTqva mosazreba Tu ra SeiZleba iyos aseTi
rwmenis wyaro. erTerT SesaZlebel wyarod asaxeleben
rwmenas statusis Sesaxeb. garkveulad erTmaneTs dau-
kavSirda statusi, gavlenianoba da sqesi. kerZod, arsebobs
rwmena (da aRmoCnda rom samarTlianad), rom dabali
statusis individze zegavlena ufro advilad SeiZleba
movaxdinoT, vidre maRali statusis individze. garda
amisa, mravals swams, rom saSualod qalebs ufro dabali
statusi aqvT vidre mamakacebs samuSao situaciis Zalian
farTe rangebSi. am or rwmenas mivyavarT daSvebamde, rom
qalebi ufro konformulebi arian vidre mamakacebi. e.i.
konformuloba am SemTxvevaSi statusis funqciaa da ara
sqesis. es mosazreba dadasturda eglisa da misi kolege-
bis kvlevebSi. mag. erTerT kvlevaSi (Eagly & Wood, 1982)
subieqtebs (mamakacebs da qalebs) sTxoves waekiTxaT mok-
le moTxroba romelSic biznesis erTi daqiravebuli cdi-
lobda gavlena moexdina meoris, sawinaaRmdego sqesis
individis Tvalsazrisze. SemTxvevis naxevarSi is visac
unda moexdina zegavlena iyo mamakaci, xolo mimRebi iyo
qali. meore naxevarSi ki mimarTeba sawinaaRmdego iyo.
moTxrobis naxevarSi, zustad iyo miTiTebuli samuSaos
titulebi da amdenad subieqtebi informirebulni iyvnen

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CarTuli individebis statusze. moTxrobis meore naxevar-
Si gamotovebuli iyo aseTi tipis informacia. moTxrobis
wakiTxvis Semdeg subieqtebs Txovdnen mieTiTebinaT Tu
mimRebi ra xarisxiT iqneboda gavlena moxdenili komu-
nikatoris mier. mkvlevarebi winaswarmetyvelebdnen, rom
roca moTxrobaSi gamotovebuli iyo informacia statusis
Sesaxeb, subieqtebs eqnebodaT tendencia qalebisaTvis
mieweraT ufro dabali statusi, vidre mamakacebisaTvis.
amdenad maTi azriT SeiZleboda gvewinaswarmetyvela rom
qali mimRebebi ufro gamoavlenda damorCilebas vidre
mamakaci mimRebebi. roca moTxrobaSi mocemuli iyo ro-
gorc mimRebis ise komunikatoris zusti statusi - am
faqtorma unda moaxdinos meti gavlena maT Sefasebaze
vidre sqesma. Sedegebis analizma aCvena, rom orive
winaswarmetyveleba dadasturda.
Tumca unda aRiniSnos isic, rom bolo wlebSi Cata-
rebuli kvlevebi ar adastureben qalis statusis da
damTmoblobas Soris zemoT ganxilul mosazrebebs. SeiZ-
leba iTqvas, rom axali kvlevebiT miRebuli Sedegebi sawi-
naaRmdegoa zemoT ganxiluli kvlevebiT miRebuli Sede-
gebisa. nacadia monacemebis am gansxvavebebis axsna. erTis
mxriv varaudoben, rom TviT eglisa da misi kolegebis
mier gamoyenebuli masala (moTxroba) iZleva Sedegebs So-
ris gansxvavebas. amasTan imasac varaudoben, rom SesaZloa
Seicvala qalebis mimarT stereotipebi da uaxloesi
gamokvlevebi amitom iReben gansxvavebul Sedegebs.

konformizmis safuZvlebi

rogorc vnaxeT, mravali faqtori gansazRvravs imas,

ganxorcieldeba Tu ara konformuloba da Tu ra xarisxSi
gamovlindeba is. miuxedavad variaciebisa erTi ram
naTelia - konformuli qceva Cveulebrivia. adamianebis
umravlesoba konformulia normebis mimarT. dgeba sakiTxi
ratom?
cxadia pasuxi ar aris martivi. konformulobas albaT
mravali faqtori gansazRvravs, magram maT Soris gansa-
kuTrebiT miuTiTeben adamianis or bazisur moTxovnile-
baze: survili moswondes sxvebs da survili iyos swori
(Jnsko, 1985)

178
 survili moswonde sxvas - anu rogorc mas uwodeben
normatuli gavlena. konformizmi, romelic emyareba ada-
mianis survils daakmayofilos sxvebis molodinebi, ro-
gorc wesi imitom, rom moipovos aRiareba. rogor gamo-
viwvioT sxva individebi, rom movwondeT Cven? albaT esaa
socialuri urTierTobis erTerTi mudmivi sazrunavi. ro-
gorc mowonebis fenomenis ganxilvisas aRvniSneT, mravali
strategia arsebobs saamisod. erTerTi maTgani iyo msgav-
seba. adamianebi bavSvobidan swavloben, rom daTanxmeba
adamianebisadmi, romlebic Cvens irgvliv arseboben, moiqce
ise rogorc isini akeTeben an moelian Cvengan, gansazRv-
ravs imas rom Cven movwondeT. mSoblebi, maswavleblebi,
megobrebi, xSirad ucnobebic gvasaCuqreben prizebiT da
mowonebiT roca aseT msgavsebas vamJRavnebT. amdenad, erTi
mniSvnelovani mizezi, rom konformulebi varT aris marti-
vi: Cven vswavlobT, rom Tu ase moviqceviT miviRebT mowo-
nebas da aRiarebas sxvebisagan, rac ase Zlier gvsurs.
konformuloba, romelic momdinareobs am wyarodan cnobi-
lia rogorc normatuli socialuri gavlena, radgan is
gulisxmobs sakuTari qcevis Secvlas raTa moergo sxvebis
molodinebs, socialur normebs.
survili iyo swori - anu informaciuli socialuri
gavlena. mTeli rigi sakiTxebis mimarT Cven ara gvaqvs
saSualeba vicodeT Tu ramdenad swori varT. mag. rogor
SegviZlia davadginoT Tu ramdenad zustia Cveni gansxva-
vebuli politikuri Sexedulebebi an rogor gadavwyvitoT
rogori saxis tansacmelia moduri da mimzidveli? ar
arsebobs mudmivi moxerxebuli testebi an gamzomi xelsaw-
yo maT dasazusteblad. miuxedavad amisa Cven Zlieri sur-
vili gvaqvs viyoT 3swori4 aseT sakiTxebSi. am dilemis
gadawyveta ki saWiroa. raTa vupasuxoT aseT kiTxvebs an
Tundac movipovoT informacia maT Sesaxeb, mivmarTavT
xalxs. Cven viyenebT maT azrs, maT aqtiobebs, rogorc
saxelmZRvanelos sakuTari azrisa da moqmedebisaTvis.
konformulobis es meore wyaro cnobilia rogorc infor-
maciuli socialuri gavlena da amave dros is warmoad-
gens Cveni yoveldRiuri cxovrebis nawils. uamrav situ-
aciaSi Cven varCevT aqtiobas da azrs romelic sxvebis
aqtobis da azrebis msgavsia da amas imitom vakeTebT, rom
darwmunebuli viyoT Cvens sisworeSi,

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 es ori faqtori - Zlieri survili viyoT mowonebuli
(normatuli socialuri gavlena) da viyoT swori (infor-
maciuli socialuri gavlena) gvibiZgebs konformuloba da
ara damoukidebloba iyos Cveni qcevis standartuli mane-
ra. socialur imijze zrunva, Sedegad gvaZlevs normatul
zegavlenas, xolo survili viyoT swori warmoSobs
informaciul zegavlenas.

vin avlens konformulobas?

saRi azriT TiTqosda unda davuSvaT, rom konformu-

lobis dones gansazRvravs ara marto situaciuri cvlade-
bi, aramed pirovnuli maxasiaTeblebic. ramdenad SegviZlia
vTqvaT, rom individebi gansxvavdebian erTmaneTisagan kon-
formizmis xarisxSi da Tu gansxvavdebian ra pirovnuli
maxasiaTeblebi gansazRvraven am gansxvavebas? nakvlevia
ramdenime faqtori romelTa Soris metnaklebad gamoikveTa
sqesi, pirovnuli Tvisebebi da kultura. sqessa da kon-
formulobas Soris urTierTobaze zemoT gvqonda saubari,
amitom amJamad varCevT pirovnebis da kulturis maxasi-
aTeblebs konformizmTan mimarTebaSi.
pirovneba. saRi azriT TiTqosda marTebuli iqneba
davuSvaT, rom individi romelsac aqvs dabali sakuTari
Rirsebis grZnoba an romelsac aqvs socialuri mowonebis
miRebis maRali done, konformulobis ufro maRal dones
gamoavlenen vidre maRali sakuTari Rirsebis an dabali
socialuri mowonebis moTxovnilebis mqone adamianebi.
SeiZleba vifiqroT, rom eqsternaluri lokusÊkontrolis
mqone individebi ufro konformulebi iqnebian vidre
internaluri lokus kontrolis individebi. magram aRmoCn-
da, rom saRi azri am SemTxvevaSi cdeba. umravlesoba
kvlevebisa amtkicebs, rom zegavlenaze individebis kon-
formuli an arakonformuli reaqcia arsebiTad ufro
situaciis Taviseburebebzea damokidebuli da ara pirov-
nul maxasiaTeblebze. amaze miuTiTebs 1960-ian da 1970-ian
wlebSi Catarebuli eqstensiuri kvlevebi, romlebic miz-
nad isaxavdnen pirovnul maxasiaTeblebsa da konformizms
Soris kavSiris kvlevas. am or cvlads Soris dadasturda
Zalian susti urTierTkavSiri.

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 1980-ian wlebSi ideam, rom pirovnul maxasiaTeblebs
ara aqvT mniSvneloba, gaamZafra mkvlevarebis interesi da
daiwyes intensiuri Zieba im pirobebisa, romelSic pirov-
nuli Tvisebebis codna bolosdabolos SesaZleblobas
mogvcems viwinaswarmetyveloT individis qceva. kvlevis
Sedegebi arc Tu ise imedis momcemi aRmoCnda. kvleviTi
monacemebis analizidan gakeTda zogadi daskvna saerTod
pirovnuli Tvisebebidan qcevis winaswarmetyvelebis Sesa-
xeb, rom marTalia Sinagani faqtorebis codna (atitudebi,
dispoziciebi) iSviaTad gvaZleven specifikur situaciaSi
qcevis zustad prognozirebis SesaZleblobas, is SesaZle-
bels xdis, situaciebis garkveul erTianobaSi, viwinaswar-
metyveloT individis gasaSualebuli qceva. amiT xazgas-
mulia is, rom Znelia individis qcevis winaswarmetyveleba
calkeul situaciaSi. ufro meti albaTobiT SeiZleba
ganvsazRvroT konformizmis saSualo done situaciis sim-
ravleSi vidre mocemul konkretul SemTxvevaSi.
garda amisa miTiTebul iqna, rom qcevis 3pirovnuli
winaswarmetyveleba4 umjobesdeba Tu gamovlenili
Sinagani maxasiaTeblebi specifikuria situaciisaTvis da
socialuri gavlena umniSvneloa.
kultura. aRmoCnda, rom kultura gavlenas axdens ima-
ze, Tu ramdenad konformulebi iqnebian adamianebi. aSis
eqsperimentebi gaimeores ramodenime qveyanaSi da aRmoCnda,
rom umetes SemTxvevaSi konformizmis done erTmaneTs
emTxveoda: libanSi 31%, honkongSi 32%, braziliaSi 34%,
magram zimbabveSi 51% - e.i. kulturaSi sadac arakonfor-
muloba isjeba konformulobis done maRali iyo. amasTan
isic dadasturda, rom SeiZleba kultura Seicvalos. mag.
aSis eqsperimentebis gameorebam didi britaneTis, kanadis
da aSS-s studentebTan aCvena, rom adre Catarebul kvle-
vebTan SedarebiT Sedegebi gansxvavebuli iyo - kerZod
konformulobis ufro dabal dones aCvenebdnen. saboloo
daskvna, romelsac uWeren mxars mkvlevarebi aris is, rom:
konformizmi metnaklebad universaluri fenomenia, magram
misi gamoxatvis formebi icvleba kulturidan
kulturamde. evropuli da amerikuli kultura aqezeben
individualurobas. aziuri kultura da mesame samyaros
qveynebis kultura ufro koleqtivizmisaken ixrebian.
kvlevebi adastureben, rom kulturuli Rirebulebebi

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gavlenas axdenen konformizmis doneze. koleqtivisturi
qveynis adamianebi sxvisagan gavlenis ufro mimRebni arian
vidre individualisturi kulturis qveynis mcxovreblebi.

umciresobis gavlena

aqamde Cven vixilavdiT konformulobas rogorc umrav-

lesobis umciresobaze zegavlenas. umravlesoba axor-
cielebs gavlenas da umciresoba pasiuria, ganicdis ze-
gavlenas. umetes SemTxvevaSi es asecaa. magram xSiria Sem-
Txveva roca umciresoba axdens gavlenas umravlesobaze.
mag. iseTi gigantebi mecnierebaSi rogoricaa galilei,
pasteri, froidi aRmoCndnen didi da uricxvi umrav-
lesobis winaSe, romlebic uaryofdnen maT Teoriebs da
ideebs. magram garkveuli drois Semdeg maTi Tvalsazrisi
TandaTanobiT miRebul iqna umravlesobis mier. aseve
iTqmis reformatorul mcire jgufebis mimarT, romlebic
xSirad TavianTi Seupovari aqtiobiT warmatebebs aRweven
Rrmad Camjdari atitudebisa da Rirebulebebis SecvlaSi.
aseTi faqtebi gvarwmuneben, rom umciresoba yovelTvis ar
aris ususuri didi da erTsulovani umravlesobis winaSe.
xSirad isini axerxeben daZlion uTanxmoeba da gaitanon
TavianTi Tvalsazrisi. bolosdabolos dadga sakiTxi
umravlesobis 3yovlisSemZleobis4 Sesaxeb da bolo oci
wlis ganmavlobaSi gaCnda siaxleebi konformizmis kvle-
vebSi, safuZveli Caeyara umciresobis umravlesobaze gav-
lenis kvlevebs.
axali midgomis erTerTi damwyebi iyo frangi fsiqo-
logi serJ moskoviCi. Tavis adrindel eqsperimentebSi mos-
koviCma da misma kolegebma (Moscovici, Loge & Naiffrechaux, 1969)
gamoiyenes aSis tipis konformulobis paradigma im gan-
sxvavebiT, rom umravlesoba iyo gulubryvilo subieqti da
umciresoba cru subieqti. subieqtebs uCvenebdnen ara-
orazrovan fizikur stimuls, saxeldobr ferebis slai-
debs. am kvlevaSi 6 wevrian jgufs sTxovdnen slaidis fe-
ris Sefasebas. faqtiurad yvela slaidi iyo cisferi
icvleboda mxolod maTi ganaTebis xarisxi. sakontrolo 6
kaciani jgufi yvela slaids uSecdomod afasebda rogorc
cisfers. eqsperimentul jgufSi ori cru subieqti mudmi-
vad cisfer slaids afasebda rogorc mwvanes. subieqtebs

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winaswar uTxres, rom jgufis wevrebs qondaT normaluri
mxedveloba, ase rom umciresobis pasuxi 3mwvane4 ar mie-
werebobda maT ferTa sibrmaves. umciresobis gavleniT
daaxloebiT subieqtebis mesamedi miuTiTebda, Tundac
erTxel mainc, rom slaidi iyo 3mwvane,” saerTod yvela
Sefasebis 8 procenti slaidis mwvaned Sefaseba iyo. e.i.
umciresobis azrs qonda mniSvnelovani gavlena umrav-
lesobaze.
winaaRmdeg konformizmis tradiciuli kvlevebisa, mos-
koviCi varaudobs, rom jgufebs Soris adgili aqvs Seu-
Tanxmeblobas, konfliqts da rom arsebobs socialuri
gavlenis sami saxe, romelic gansazRvravs imas, Tu rogor
reagireben adamianebi aseT socialur konfliqtebze:
1. konformuloba - umravlesobis gavlena romelSic
umravlesoba arwmunebs umciresobas miiRon umravlesobis
Tvalsazrisi.
2. normalizacia - urTierT kompromisi romelsac mivya-
varT konvergeciamde 3urTierTdaaxloebamde4.
3. inovacia - umciresoba qmnis da axdens konfliqtis
aqcentuacias, raTa daarwmunos umravlesoba miiRos umci-
resobis Tvalsazrisi.
moskoviCis gamokvlevebma biZgi misca axal gamokvle-
vebs socialuri gavlenis sferoSi. daiwyes im faqtebis
Zieba, romlebic gansazRvraven umciresobis gavlenis efeq-
turobas. TviTnon moskoviCma ikvlia umciresobis qcevi-
seuli stilis mniSvneloba.
umciresobis qcevis stili. rom gaxdes efeqturi, umci-
resoba Tavis qcevebSi unda iyos konsistenturi da Zalis
mqone. qcevis aseTi stili umravlesobis mier ganixileba
rogorc umciresobis Tavis poziciaSi darwmunebulobis
da garkveulobis maCvenebeli. SesaZlebelia konsistenturi
umciresoba nakleb mimzidveli Candes vidre umravlesobis
wevrebi, magram mniSvnelovania is, rom Cndeba tendencia
isini aRqmuli iqnan rogorc ufro kompententurebi da
patiosnebi. roca umciresoba yovelTvis daJinebiT icavs
Tavis pozicias, SesaZloa umravlesoba iwyebs daeWvebas
Tavis Tvalsazrisze. bolosdabolos SesaZloa umrav-
lesobis romelime wevri cvlis Tavis pozicias umci-
resobis poziciis mimarTulebiT. Tu umravlesobis saWiro

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raodenoba Secvlis Tavis Tvalsazriss, umciresoba SeiZ-
leba gardaiqmnas axal umravlesobad.
kvlevebi axdenen agreTve axali faqtorebis identi-
ficirebas, romlebic umciresobis gavlenis efeqturobas
gansazRvraven: pirveli, umciresoba ufro gavleniani iqne-
ba Tu SeZlebs umravlesobis Tvalsazrisis uaryofas;
meore, umciresoba ufro efeqturia, roca maTi qceviseuli
stili logikurad konsistenturia, magram ara
3rigiduli4, e.i. roca umciresoba aRqmulia rom aqvT
kargad gansazRvruli pozicia, magram aqvT poziciis
prezentaciis fleqsiuri stili. mesame, socialuri
konteqstis mniSvneloba. mag. seqsualuri konservatizmis
epoqaSi seqsualuri Tavisuflebis mtkiceba nakleb
efeqturi iqneba vidre umciresobas daiwyo mtkiceba
seqsualur SezRudulobaze. da bolos, umciresoba ufro
efeqturi iqneba, Tu isini jgufis umravlesobas
emsgavsebian mraval sxva sakiTxebSi garda im konkretuli
qcevisa da atitudebisa, romelsac exeba sakiTxi. mag. roca
respublikuri partiis wevri cdilobs daarwmunos sxva
respublikelebi Secvalon TavianTi sagareo politika (e.i.
e.w. jgufis Sida umciresoba), umravlesobas emsgavseba
sxva danarCen atitudebsa da rwmenebSi garda am erTi
sakiTxisa, meti Sansi aqvs gavlena moaxdinos vidre roca
demokratiuli partiis wevri cdilobs respublikelebs
Seacvlevinos sagareo politika. es iqneba situacia sadac
umciresoba aRmoCndeba ormag umciresobaSi (jgufis gare
umciresoba), rogorc saerTod politikuri orientaciiT
ise sagareo politikis sakiTxze. aseT situaciaSi
respublikels meti aqvs Sansi gavlenisa vidre demokrats
(romelic ormag umciresobaSia). amrigad, umciresoba ufro
gavleniania, roca misi pozicia miRebulia rogorc
seriozuli da danaxulia, rom gamoxatavs
kompetenturobas da garkveulobas. naklebad efeqturia,
roca danaxulia rogorc aqcentofili, demagogiuri da
self-dacviTi. e.i. Cans, rom xelsayrel pirobebSi SeTan-
xmebul konsistentur umciresobas SeuZlia gamoiwvios
sakmaod didi umravlesobis Tvalsazrisis Secvla.
umciresobis umravlesobaze zegavlenis fsiqologiuri
meqanizmis Sesaxeb arsebobs gansxvavebuli Tvalsazrisebi.
aris mcdeloba es aixsnas socialuri atribuciis princi-

184
pebiT: rogorc socialuri percepciis ganxilvisas aRvniS-
neT sxvisi qcevis mizezebis atribucias Sinagan maxasiaTeb-
lebze vaxdenT roca (1) konsensusi aris dabali (sxva
individebi ar iqcevian ise, rogorc gansaxilveli indi-
vidi); (2) konsistentoba aris maRali (individi arsebiTad
erTi maneriT moqmedebs sxvadasxva dros; da (3) gansxvaveba
aris dabali (individi imave maneriT moqmedebs sxva
situaciaSi). es principebi kargad SeiZleba gamoviyenoT
maRali Sinagani SeTanxmebis mqone umciresobis aqtiobis
mimarT. aseTi gadaxrili umciresoba iRebs arapopularul
pozicias, inarCunebs am pozicias konsistenturad da
moqmedebs am poziciis Sesabamisad gansxvavebul situ-
aciebSi. kauzaluri atribuciis Tanaxmad yovelive amis
gamo, maTi moqmedeba ganxileba rogorc gamomdinare maTi
Sinagani Rrma rwmenidan da movaleobidan. Sedegad, patara
saswauli, maTi Tvalsazrisi miRebulia seriozulad da
bolosdabolos umravlesobis mxriv ganxilulia mzrunve-
lobiT. garda amisa, rogorc miuTiTeben, moqmedebaSi mo-
dis gazviadebis fenomeni. umciresoba ayalibebs da inarCu-
nebs Tavis arapopularul Tvalsazriss miuxedavad Zlieri
dawolisa, romelsac ganicdis umravlesobidan. Sedegad
viRebT imas, rom umravlesobis tendencia umciresobis
aqtioba miaweron maT rwmenas da valdebulebebs gazvi-
adebulia.
bolo wlebSi gaCnda azrTa sxvadasxvaoba umravleso-
bis gavlenebis (konformuloba) da umciresobis gavlenebis
(inovacia) procesebis Sesaxeb. kerZod, warmoadgenen isini
erTi da igive safuZvlad mdebare procesebis gavlenas Tu
maT gansxvavebuli procesebi udevT safuZvlad. orive
mosazrebas yavs Tavisi momxreebi.
zogierTis azriT (Letane & Wolf, 1981; Tanford & Penrod, 1984),
rogorc umravlesobis ise umciresobis gavlenebi - warmo-
adgens erTidaigive safuZvlad mdebare procesis gamovle-
nas. maT Soris gansxvaveba ufro raodenobrivia vidre
Tvisobrivi. arsebobs kvlevebi romlebic adastureben am
pozicias.
meores mxriv, moskoviCi (da sxva mkvlevarebic) varau-
dobs, rom umravlesobis da umciresobis gavlenebs Soris
arsebobs Tvisobrivi gansxvaveba. mag. mas miaCnia, rom
umravlesobis gavlenas xSirad mivyavarT Ria qcevis Sec-

185
vlamde, magram is aucileblobiT ar iwvevs atitudis
Secvlas. amisgan gansxvavebiT umciresobis gavlenas ufro
mivyavarT atitudis Secvlamde, azris Secvlamde. bolos,
gvinda mivuTiToT erT efeqtze. umciresobaSi yovelTvis
igulisxmeba, rom isini raRac maxasiaTeblebiT gadax-
rilebi arian umravlesobisagan. amdenad TiTqosda umci-
resoba arRvevs jgufis urTierTqmedebis harmonias, magram
am SeuTanxmeblobam SeiZleba mniSvnelovani sikeTe mou-
tanos jgufs. kvlevebi aCveneben (Nemeth, 1992), rom umci-
resobam SeiZleba mizezobrivad gansazRvros jgufis
umravlesobis ufro saguldagulo Cafiqreba sakiTxze,
rom jgufma scados ganixilos SesaZlebeli axsnis an axa-
li situaciis farTe gansxvavebulobebi. erTi sityviT,
umciresobis azris gamoxatvas zogjer SeuZlia gaaumjobe-
sos jgufis funqcionireba.

miyola (damTmoboba)

konformizmi warmoadgens socialuri zegavlenis erT-

erT saxes. Cven visaubreT imaze, Tu rogor SeiZleba vaiZu-
loT adamianebi daemorCilon jgufis erTsulovnebas, miu-
TiTeT im faqtorebze, romlebic gansazRvraven konformiz-
mis dones. magram yvelaferi es exeba ara pirdapir ze-
gavlenas. amjerad saubari gveqneba im socialur faqto-
rebze, romlebsac ZaluZT pirdapir moaxdinon zegavlena
imaze, Tu rogor moiqceva adamiani. saubaria damTmobobaze.
damTmoboba warmoadgens socialuri gavlenis ufro
pirdapir da pirovnul formas, roca individi Tavis qce-
vas cvlis sxvisi moTxovniT.
sxvebisgan moTxovna socialuri cxovrebis aucilebel,
bazisur pirobas warmoadgens. megobrebi moiTxoven erTma-
neTisagan keTilganwyobas, mSoblebi gvTxoven SevcvaloT
Cveni qcevis mravali aspeqtebi. politikosebi gvTxoven
mxardaWeras xmis micemiT, gamyidveli cdilobs viyidoT
misi produqtebi da a.S. mcdeloba miiRo daTmoba pirda-
piri moTxovniT, aris socialuri gavlenis erTerTi
mniSvnelovani forma. rogor SeiZleba adamians gaakeTe-
bino is risi gakeTebac ar unda? rogor xdeba daTanxmebis
aRZvra? erTi SexedviT midgoma, miviRoT daTmoba moTxov-
naze, sakmaod pirdapiri Cans. magram aRmoCnda rom miaRwio

186
daTmobas sakmaod faqizia da SeiZleba gansxvavebuli for-
miT iqnas gamoxatuli. individi, romelsac surs Secvalos
sxvisi qceva Tavis Txovnas ar gamoxatavs 3civad4 an uxe-
Sad. is ufro iwyebs mosamzadebeli safexurebiT, manevri-
rebiT, cdilobs daamyaros masTan keTilganwyobiTi damo-
kidebuleba, varaudobs rom amiT zrdis albaTobas samiz-
nem Tqvas 3diax4 anu daTanxmdes moTxovnebze. erTi sit-
yviT am miznis misaRwevad arsebobs mravali sxva efeqturi
taqtika, romelsac adamianebi iyeneben yoveldRiur cxovre-
baSi. maT Soris SedarebiT warmatebiTia moTafvla (ingrati-
ation), sapasuxo daTmoba (reciprokuloba) da mravaljeradi
Txovna.
moTafvla - rogorc adre aRvniSneT adamianebs aqvT
Zlieri survili moswondes sxvas - SeiZleba es motivi
gansxvavebuli wyaroebidan momdinareobdes, magram albaT
yvelaze mniSvnelovania imis gacnobiereba, rom Tu sxvas
movwonvarT, maSin maT eqnebaT meti survili keTili saqme-
ebi akeTon CvenTvis. e.i. Tu sxvas movewoneT isini ufro
iqnebian mzad daakmayofilon Cveni survilebi, gagviwion
daxmareba roca gvWirdeba da Tqvan 3diax4 Cvens Txovnaze.
am bazisuri faqtis gacnobiereba udevs safuZvlad
damTmobobis misaRebad fenomens, romelic 3moTafvlis4
saxelwodebiTaa cnobili. misi arsi mdgomareobs imaSi,
rom jer vcdilobT Tavi movawonoT sxvas da amis Semdeg
vTxovT mas rames. socialur fsiqologiaSi nakvlevia
moTafvlis gansxvavebuli strategiebi, riTac SeiZleba
gavzardoT Cveni Txovnisadmi damTmobobis albaToba:
pirveli, am miznis miRweva SeiZleba vcadoT Cveni fizi-
kuri garegnobis gaumjobesebiT. rogorc adre miuTiTeT,
saerTod mimzidveli adamiani ufro moswonT vidre ara-
mimzidveli.
meore, SeiZleba davarwmunoT sxva, rom Cven varT misi
msgavsi garkveul sakiTxebSi. es SeiZleba iyos imis
demonstrireba, rom Cven gvaqvs misi msgavsi atitudebi,
interesebi, an erTnairi pirovnuli maxasiaTeblebi.
mesame, SeiZleba gamoviyenoT misi gandidebis taqtikuri
xerxebi; yvela es taqtika centrirebulia mizanze mivaRwi-
oT komunikaciis maRal xarisxs im individTan viszec gvin-
da gavlena movaxdinoT imis CvenebiT, rom Cven mogvwons is
da vzrunavT masze. sxvisi gandideba SeiZleba gansxva-

187
vebuli qaTinaurebiTac vagrZnobinoT, rom vendobiT yovel
mis sityvas, an rogorc sityvebiT ise araverbaluri miniS-
nebebiT gamovxatoT pozitiuri grZnobebi mis mimarT.
meoTxe, Cven SeiZleba vmarToT STabeWdileba, romelsac
vtovebT sxvebSi. saukeTeso kuTxiT warmovaCinoT Cveni Ta-
vi da davarwmunoT is imaSi, rom vflobT mraval sasur-
vel Tvisebebs (patiosneba, inteleqti, megobruloba).
bolos, SeiZleba zogjer mivaRwioT sxvebis mowonebas
ubralod Cveni Tavis asocirebiT pozitiur movlenebTan
an adamianebTan romelic moswonT da popularulia. maga-
liTad, SeiZleba 3vitrabaxoT” kavSirebiT, rom dakavSire-
buli varT mniSvnelovan individebTan.
aseTi taqtikis gamoyenebis monacemebi SemogvTavazes
jonsma da lordma (Godfrey, Jones & Lord, 1986) TavianT cno-
bil kvlevaSi. erTmaneTisTvis ucnob wyvils sTxoves (mama-
kaci da qali) ganexorcielebinaT mokle saubari erTmaneT-
Tan. yovel wyvilSi erTerTs sTxovdnen gaekeTebina ise,
rom ramdenadac es SesaZlebelia moswoneboda meores.
eqsperimentSi monawileobda sakontrolo wyvilic, romel-
sac aseTi instruqcia ar eZleoda. saubris damTavrebis
Semdeg subieqtebi afasebdnen erTmaneTs ramodenime ganzo-
milebaSi. yoveli wyvili sasaubrod orjer xvdeboda
erTmaneTs. garda amisa, maTi saubrebis dawvrilebiT
videoCanawers afasebda ori gavarjiSebuli Semfasebeli.
Sedegebis analizi aCvenebda, rom subieqtebi romlebsac
sTxovdnen Tavi moewonebinaT partniorisTvis, warmatebas
aRwevdnen am saqmeSi. partniorebi maT afasebdnen, rogorc
ufro mosawons, meore saubris Semdeg vidre pirveli saub-
ris Semdeg. maSin roca sakontrolo jgufis subieqtebi
amas ver aRwevdnen. videoCanawerebis analizma naTeli
gaxada Tu ra faqtorebi gansazRvravda mowonebas. magali-
Tad, subieqti romelic cdilobda Tavis mowonebas, amci-
rebda laparakis xangrZlivobas, gamoxatavda partniore-
bisadmi met daTanxmebas, rac ar SeimCneoda sakontrolo
jgufebis saubarebSi da a.S.
amrigad gansxvavebuli taqtikiT Cven SegviZlia gavzar-
doT sxvebis Cvendami mowoneba, maTi survili Tqvan 3diax4
roca rames vTxovT.
raTqmaunda, saWiroa am taqtikis faqizad gamoyeneba. ma-
Ti gadaWarbebuli, gansakuTrebiT xazgasmuli gamoyeneba,

188
sawinaaRmdego efeqts iZleva. aseTma gamoyenebam SeiZleba
gamoiwvios eWvi.
daTmoba, rogorc sapasuxo reaqcia daTmobaze (reci-
prokuloba) anu vasiamovnoT sxvas raTa gvasiamovnon Cven.
Tu sxvebi sikeTes iCenen Cvendami, valdebuli varT vupasu-
xoT sikeTiT. radgan reciprokuloba aSkarad pozitiur
rols asrulebs socialuri urTierTobis mraval forma-
Si, is SeiZleba aseve warmatebiT iqnas gamoyenebul ro-
gorc taqtika miviRoT damTmoboba. kerZod, roca gvsurs
gavlena movaxdinoT sxvaze, SeiZleba daviwyoT imiT, rom
gaukeToT mas mcire sikeTe, romelsac Cvengan ar moi-
Txovdnen. aseTi qceva Sedegad gvaZlevs imas, rom samizne
individi igrZnobs Tavs davalebulad da axla ukve Zalian
gauWirdeba uari Tqvas Cvens Txovnaze, rac ar gauWirdeba
sxva SemTxvevaSi. metic, es ase xdeba maSinac roca is ra-
sac misgan iTxoven gacilebiT ufro metia, vidre gacemul
iqna. amiT SeiZleba aixsnas is faqti, rom xSirad negatiur
grZnobas iwvevs, roca vinme saCuqars gvaZlevs. negatiur
grZnobas iwvevs imis gancda, rom Tqven raRaciT dava-
lebuli xarT, rom mogiwevT sapasuxo sikeTis gacema.
mravaljeradi Txovna. xSirad, roca cdiloben sxvebi
daiyolion Txovnaze, adamianebi ar izRudebian erTjeradi
TxovniT. adamianebi ufro iyeneben ori nabijis politikas,
raTa gazardon maTi warmatebis Sansi. am strategiis
safuZveli martivia - pirvelma Txovnam SeiZleba iTimaSos
mosamzadebeli roli meore TxovnisaTvis, roca pirveli
Txovna uaryofilia, aman SeiZleba Seamciros meore
Txovnaze winaaRmdegobis gaweva da mosalodnelia miiRos
momdevno winadadeba. mravaljeradi Txovnis mravali
teqnikaa gamoyenebuli, magram maT Soris yvelaze
gavrcelebulia 1. fexi karebSi; 2. jer didi da mere mcire
Txovna da 3. wesebis Secvla Sua TamaSSi.
fexi karebSi - anu jer mcire Txovna da didi Txovna
mere. laparakia faqtze, rom roca individi cdilobs dai-
yolios vinme, iwyebs mcire, trivialuri TxovniT da Tu is
Sesruldeba gadadian ufro did, mniSvnelovan Txovnaze.
es teqnika cnobilia rogorc 3fexi karebSi4, da sakmaod
xSiradaa gamoyenebuli. es teqnika SefarviT Tu aSkarad
gamoiyeneba mraval propagandistul Tu sareklamo kompa-
niebSi. reklamistebi xSirad koncentrirebulni arian aiZu-

189
lon momxmarebeli gaakeTon rame Tundac Zalian mcire maT
produqtTan dakavSirebiT - Tundac sareklamo fostiT
miRebuli sareklamo baraTis dabruneba pasuxiT rom maT
es saqoneli ar undaT. mizani aSkaraa, CaTvlilia, rom
nebismieri moqmedeba dakavSirebuli am produqtTan zrdis
imis albaTobas, rom momxmarebeli momavalSi mas iyidis.
cnobilia fridmanis da frezeris gamokvleva am sakiTxze
(Freedman J.L & Fraser S.C., 1966). kvlevaSi eqsperimentatorebi
dadiodnen kardakar da diasaxlisebs eubnebodnen, rom
muSaobdnen manqanis frTxilad tarebis sazogadoebriv
komitetSi. diasaxlisebs eubnebodnen, rom maT surT am
kompaniisaTvis mxardaWeris aRricxva da sTxovdnen maT
xeli moeweraT peticiaze, romelic unda gaegzavnaT kali-
fornieli senatorebisaTvis. peticia senators Txovda
raTa emuSavaT kanonze, romelic ganamtkicebda manqanis
frTxilad tarebas. TiTqmis yvela diasaxlisi visTanac
kontaqtSi Sevidnen, daTanxmda xeli moewera peticiaze.
ramodenime kviris Semdeg sxva eqsperimentatorebi mividnen
amave diasaxlisTan da agreTve sxvebTanac, romlebTanac
adre ar yofilan da ar mouweriaT xeli peticiisaTvis.
axla diasaxlisebs Txoves neba darTon TavianT ezoSi
daudgan didi Seuxedavi firniSi, romelzec ewera 3manqana
atareT frTxilad4. Sedegebi gasaocari iyo. im qalebis
55%-ma, romlebsac adre hqondaT mowerili peticiaze,
axlac daTanxmdnen firniSis TavianT ezoSi dadgmaze,
maSin roca sxvebis, romlebsac ar mouweriaT xeli peti-
ciaze, mxolod 17% daTanxmda firniSis dadgmaze. e.i. pir-
velma mcire Txovnaze daTanxmebam gaasamkeca ufro did
Txovnaze dayoliebis odenoba. Tu ratom aqvs am teqnikas
aseTi Zlieri efeqti arsebobs ori SesaZlebeli axsna.
pirveli, varaudoben, rom SeiZleba adgili hqondes indivi-
dis mier Tavis Tavis aRqmaSi faqiz gadawevas. mcire
Txovnaze daTanxmebis Semdeg isini iwyeben Tavis Tavis
ganxilvas rogorc iseTi pirovnebisa, romelic akeTebs
aseT sazogado saqmeebs - rom is aris iseTi pirovneba,
romelic exmareba sxvebs roca sTxoven. amis Semdeg, roca
meord sTxoven mniSvnelovan rames, isini Tanxmdebian am
Txovnaze raTa TavianT Secvlil self-xatTan konsis-
tenturni iyvnen. am Tvalsazrisis arapirdapiri mxardaWera
uzrunvelyofilia im faqtiT, rom fexi karebSi-s efeqti

190
ufro Zlieria an ufro konsistenturia pirobebSi sadac
sawyisi Txovnis dayoliebisaTvis Zlieri garegani mize-
zebi ar arsebobdnen, vidre pirobebSi, sadac aseTi gare-
gani mizezebi arsebobda. uSveben SesaZleblobas, rom Tu
dayoliebisavis garegani mizezebi arseboben, individma
Tavisi daxmareba SesaZloa miaweros am faqtors da ar
moaxdinos self-percepciaSi gadaweva. roca aseTi garegani
mizezi ar arsebobs, individi Tavis sawyis dayolas
miawers Sinagan mizezebs da amdenad ganicdis gadawevas
self-percepciaSi. meore, SesaZloa, mcire Txovnaze daTan-
xmebis Semdeg, adamianebs eqmnebaT ufro pozitiuri Tval-
sazrisi saerTod daxmarebis situaciisadmi. e.i. axla isini
aseT situacias aRiqvamen rogorc naklebad muqarians an
potencialurad naklebad arasasiamovnos, vidre sxva
SemTxvevaSi eqneboda adgili. rogorc Sedegi, maT meti
survili eqnebaT dayvnen meore ufro Zlier Txovnas. es
mosazrebac mxardaWerilia garkveuli kvleviTi SedegebiT.
rogorc self-percepciaSi gadawevas ise daxmarebis
situaciisadmi reaqciaSi cvlilebas SesaZloa Seaqvs Tavi-
si wvlili fexi-karebSi teqnikis efeqtSi.
jer didi Txovna, mcire Txovna mere. Tumca taqtika
fexi karebSi sakmaod efeqturia, aRmoCnda, rom aranakleb
efeqturia sawinaaRmdegoc. esaa strategia, sadac individi
iwyebs didi keTilganwyobis TxovniT, romelsac Cveuleb-
riv uaryofen da mas Semdeg rac mas uaryofen, iTxovs
mcires - im keTilganwyobas, risi miRwevac surda. es
strategia cnobilia rogorc uaryofa - Semdeg- ukan
daxeva. es taqtika Seswavlilia da sakmaod efeqturadaa
aRiarebuli.
erTerT kvlevaSi, kolejis studentebs aCereben quCaSi
da sTxoven Zalian did rames. mag. sTxovdnen, evaldebu-
laT mcirewlovani damnaSaveebis mrCevloba uxelfasod,
romelic moiTxovda kviraSi ori saaTis maTTan gatarebas
ori wlis ganmavlobaSi. rogorc wesi studentebi ar
Tanxmdebodnen amaze. uaris miRebis Semdeg eqsperimentato-
rebi amcirebdnen TavianT Txovnas, waeyvanaT arasrulwlo-
vani damnaSave saseirnoT zooparkSi. aRmoCnda, rom pirvel
Txovnaze uaris Semdeg studentebis 50% - Tanxmdeboda
meore, ufro mcire Txovnaze. maSin roca im studentebidan,
romlebsac pirdapir mimarTes arasrulwlovanebis ori

191
saaTiT gaseirneba (e.i. pirveli Txovnis gareSe) studen-
tebis mxolod 17% daTanxmda am Txovnaze.
am taqtikis gamoyenebas SeiZleba SevxvdeT mraval
sayofacxovrebo situaciaSi.
dgeba sakiTxi ratom aqvs am taqtikas efeqti? SemoTava-
zebulia ori mizezi Tu ratom. pirveli - dakavSirebulia
reciprokul daTmobasTan. roca individi iwyebs didi
TxovniT da Semdeg gadadis mcire Txovnaze, es nabiji
samizne individis mier SeiZleba aRqmuli iqnas rogorc
ukan daxeva. samizne individSi aman SeiZleba warmoSvas
tendencia TviTonac SeuerTdes am ukan daxevas. sapasuxo
ukan daxeva iqneba miiRos meore Txovna. man daTmo raRaca,
mec unda davTmo. Sedegad SeiZleba gaCndes meore, mcire
Txovnis miRebis survili.
meore SesaZlebeli axsna exeba self-percepcias - ker-
Zod, Cveni Tavis sxvasTan prezentacia upiratesobis kuT-
xiT. roca Cven uarvyofT sxvis did, aragonivrul moTxov-
nas, amas samarTlianad vTvliT da albaT araferi emuqreqa
3self-imijs4. Tu Cven amis merec uarvyofT mcire Txovna-
sac, Tundac imave wyarodan, Cven SeiZleba gamovCndeT
3arakeTilgonivrulebi4. amrigad Cven xSirad vuSvebT
uaryofa - ukan daxevis taqtikas imitom rom gveSinia ar
gamovCndeT sxvis TvalSi cudi. kvlevebi adastureben, rom
adamianebi fiqroben, rom isini sxvis TvalSi marTlac
gamoCndebian aramegobrulebi da arakeTilgonivrulebi Tu
isini uaryofen sxvisaTvis zomieri daxmarebis gawevas.
wesis Secvla Sua TamaSSi. erTerT kvlevaSi, qalaqis
macxovrebels, romelic Tavisi saxlis gaTbobisaTvis iye-
nebda bunebriv airs, uTxres, rom Tu isini ekonomiurad
gamoiyenebdnen airs da miaRwevdnen misi moxmarebis Semci-
rebas, maT gazeTSi moixseniebdnen rogorc sanimuSo moqa-
laqeebs da a.S. marTlac momdevno Tvis airis xarjvas es
ojaxi mniSvnelovnad amcirebda. raTa enaxaT iqneboda Tu
ara es ojaxi mijaWvuli Tavis sawyis SeTanxmebasTan, roca
SeTanxmebis pirobebi Seicvleboda, maT gaugzavnes werili
sadac miTiTebuli iyo rom dapirebuli publikacia ar
ganxorcieldeboda. saRi azriT amas unda mohyves is, rom
ojaxi daubrundes bunebrivi airis xarjvis adrindel
dones. faqtiurad ase ar moxda. piriqiT, ojaxi agrZelebda
airis ekonomiur xarjvas. aseTive Sedegi iqna miRebuli

192
roca kvleva eleqtroenergiis ekonomiurad moxmarebas
exeboda. taqtikas, sadac ukve miRweul SeTanxmebaze uars
amboben, Sua TamaSSi wesis Secvlis saxeliTaa cnobili.
taqtikis arsi mdgomareobs imaSi, rom SeTanxmebis miRebiT
adamiani miewebeba Tavis gadawyvetilebas. SeTanxmebis
miRwevisTanave individi iwyebs masze fiqrs, poulobs dama-
tebiT mizezebs, romlebic mxars uWeren mas. rogorc miu-
TiTeben SeTanxmeba raki miRebulia mas tendencia aqvs
gazardos 3sakuTari kanoniereba4 da is saswrafod iwyebs
Tavisi arsebobis damatebiTi mxardaWeris Seqmnas.
danaSauli da danaSaulis grZnoba. is azri, rom dana-
Saulis grZnobas aqvs codvis monaniebis tendencia sakma-
od Zvelia. danaSaulis grZnoba aRiZvreba roca adamiani
imas akeTebs, rac arasworad miaCnia. roca adamiani Tavs
damnaSaved grZnobs, Cveulebriv cdilobs am danaSaulis
Semcirebas. es sxvadasxva gziT SeiZleba ganxorcieldes:
individs SeuZlia kargi saqcieliT cudi saqcielis balan-
sireba; man SeiZleba Caiyenos Tavi usiamovno mdgomareoba-
Si da ase dasajos Tavis Tavi cudi qcevisaTvis; an man
SeiZleba scados cudis aRmZvreli moqmedebis uaryofiTi
aspeqtebis minimumamde dayvana. pirveli ori taqtika gazr-
dis individis Sesabamisi moTxovnisadmi daTanxmebis alba-
Tobas Tu moTxovna moicavs vinmesTvis kargi ramis gakeTe-
bas an sakuTari Tavisadmi usiamovnebis miyenebas radgan
amiT Seamcirebs sakuTari danaSaulis grZnobas.
karl smitma da grosma Caatares gamokvleva, sadac
gamoiyenes daswavlaze eleqtroSokis gavlenis kvlevis
msgavsi situacia. subieqtebs auxsnes rom monawileobas
iReben daswavlis eqsperimentebSi (yvela SemTxvevaSi nam-
dvili subieqti iyo is, vinc aswavlida da cru subieqti ki
moswavle, romelic iRebda eleqtroSoks). subieqts eva-
leboda daeWira RilakisTvis roca 3moswavle4 (cru subi-
eqti) Secdomas dauSvebda. subieqtis erTi jgufisTvis
Rilakze TiTis daWerisas gaismoda zaris xma, rac imas
niSnavda, rom moswavle iRebda eleqtroSoks. subieqtebis
meore jgufma ki icoda, rom Rilakze TiTis daWera
mxolod zaris xmasTan iyo dakavSirebuli, rac acnobebda
moswavles rom man Secdoma dauSva. amrigad, subieqtebis
naxevari Zalian usiamovno rames akeTebda, Soks ayenebda

193
sxvas. meore naxevari ki akeTebda uwyinar rames - ubralod
signals iZleoda rom daSvebulia Secdoma.
cdaTa seriebis Semdeg eqsperimentatori aRniSnavda,
rom gamokvleva damTavrda da subieqtebs (yvelas) sTxovda
SeevsoT mokle kiTxvari. kiTxvarze muSaobis dros cru
subieqti sTxovda namdvil subieqts, xom ar darekavda
ramodenimejer kaliforniis Statis wiTeli xis gadarCenis
kompaniasTan dakavSirebul sakiTxebze (yvela SemTxvevaSi
cru subieqtma ar icoda romeli eqsperimentuli pirobis
monawile iyo subieqti). dayoliebis sazoms warmoadgenda
daTanxmdeboda Tu ara subieqti darekvaze da Tu daTanxm-
deboda ramdenjer darekvaze daTanxmdeboda.
daSvebuli iyo, rom sxvis mimarT eleqtroSokis gamo-
yeneba subieqtSi danaSaulis grZnobas aRZravda, xolo
mxolod zaris CarTva ara. Tu danaSaulis grZnoba zrdis
dayoliebas, eleqtroSokis pirobebSi subieqtebi unda
daTanxmdnen ufro met darekvaze vidre mxolod zaris
micemis pirobebis subieqtebi. Sedegebis analizi aCvenebda,
rom swored ase moxda.
analogiuri kvlevebi Catarda sxvadasxva saxis dana-
Saulis grZnobis gamowveviT. mag. danaSaulis grZnoba
gamowveuli iyo situaciuri sicruiT, Zvirfasi nivTis
gatexviT da a.S. yvela SemTxvevaSi Sedegebi erTi iyo.
danaSaulis grZnoba zrdida dayoliebis qcevas. eqsperimen-
tulad dadasturda, rom danaSaulis grZnobis SemTxvevaSi
dayolieba izrdeboda maSinac, roca dayoliebas cdilob-
da SemTxveviTi piri.
zogierTi monacemebi miuTiTebda, rom danaSaulis
grZnoba ara marto zrdida tendencias daxmareboda daza-
ralebuls, aramed qmnida tendencias Tavi aaridos masTan
kontaqts.
danaSaulisa da dayoliebis damokidebulebis saintere-
so aspeqts Seicavs aRsareba. erTerT zogad daSvebas
warmoadgens is rom aRsareba kargia sulisTvis, rac
operacionalur enaze monaniebis formas iRebs. e.i. aR-
sareba amcirebs danaSaulis grZnobas - rac daadastura
kvlevebma.
gamokvlevebi gviCveneben agreTve rom roca danaSaulis
grZnoba gamowveulia specifikurad sxva pirze zianis miye-
nebiT, misi gavlena dayoliebaze garkveul wilad damo-

194
kidebulia situaciis sxva aspeqtze. damnaSaves surs dana-
Saulis gamosyidva da Tu amis SesaZlebloba arsebobs
akeTebs kidec amas. Tu ar arsebobs amis SesaZlebloba, an
erTaderTi SesaZlebeli gadasaxadi Zalian didia, reaqcia
gansxvavebulia. individs uCndeba tendencia gadawyvitos,
rom dazaralebuli ar iyo sasiamovno piri, an rom man
TviTon Caidina cudi ram. xdeba dazaralebulis gau-
fasureba da sxvadasxva aspeqtebiT xdeba zianis miyenebis
gamarTleba, an SeiZleba TviT zianis donis Sefaseba mini-
mumamde daiyvanos, an zianis miyenebis gamarTleba xdeba
misaRebi mizezebiT.
socialuri samarTali da kompensacia. erTerT normas,
romelic zegavlenas axdens interpersonalur urTierTo-
baze uwodeben socialur samarTals anu Tanasworobas
(Adams J., 1965). misi arsi imaSi mdgomareobs, rom yovelma
individma unda miiRos is rasac imsaxurebs da roca is ar
iRebs mas, sxvebi Tavs arakomfortulad grZnoben. kerZod,
roca ori adamiani Zalisxmevas, dros, codnas ama Tu im
saqmeze xarjaven Tanabrad, maSin jildoc Tanabari unda
iyos. Tu aseT situaciaSi erTi mets iRebs Cndeba
uTanasworobis grZnoba da is vinc mets iRebs avlens
tendencias am uTanasworobis Semcirebisaken, socialuri
samarTlianobis aRdgenisaken.
es ar niSnavs, rom yvela adamiani samarTliania yvelas
mimarT, rom ar arsebobs sixarbe, an rom adamianebs ar
siamovnebT damsaxurebulze metis miReba. laparakia imaze,
rom garkveuli odenobiT adamianebi grZnoben dawolas
socialuri samarTlianobisaken da uCveneben garkveul ten-
dencias moqmedebisaken miaRwion mas. erTerTi nagulisxmevi
azri am movlenisa exeba dayoliebis efeqts im SemTxvevaSi,
roca samarTlianoba darRveulia. kvlevebma aCvenes, rom
aseT situaciaSi marTlac Cndeba dayoliebis tendencia.

rogor aviciloT miyolis efeqti?

socialur fsiqologiaSi miuTiTeben mTel rig saSua-

lebebze, riTac SeiZleba aviciloT socialuri zegavlena.
maT Soris SedarebiT efeqturia Semdegi:
(1) reciprokulobis regulireba. rogorc aRvniSneT,
erTerTi efeqturi teqnika, gaizardos dayolieba aris

195
reciprokulobis gamoTvlili gamoyeneba. mieci individs
saCuqari an gaukeTeT mcire keTili saqme da aRmoCndeba,
rom mas ar SeuZlia uaryos sakompensaciod, Tqveni didi
Txovna. rogor SeiZleba am cdunebas gauwio winaaRmde-
goba? erTerTi pasuxia is, rom gavacnobieroT Tu rasTan
gvaqvs saqme. faqtia, rom movaleni varT davubrunoT sike-
Te im sikeTis sanacvlod, rac sxvisgan miviReT. magram ara
varT valdebuli davubrunoT sikeTe, Tu sikeTe romelic
miviReT Cadenilia imisaTvis, rom ramdenadme Cveni manipu-
lireba moaxdinon, anu mogvatyuon. amrigad, Tu Tqven
iRebT moulodnel sikeTes, da es ukanaskneli keTdeba imi-
tom, rom miiRon Tqveni dayolieba, ubralod gaacnobiereT
es mizani. rogorc ki ase gaakeTebT grZnoba, rom movaleni
xarT samagiero sikeTisTvis, maSinaTve gaqreba, miyolis
tendenciasTan erTad (SesaZloa, igive procedura efeqtu-
rad iqnas gamoyenebuli fexi-karebSi efeqtisaTvis wina-
aRmdegobis gasawevad).
(2) mowonebis efeqtis SezRudva. zogadad, ufro Znelia
ara uTxra individs, romelic mogwons vidre imas rome-
lic ar mogwons. rogor davicvaT Tavi individisagan,
romelic daostatebulia Tavis mowonebaSi da amas iyenebs
efeqturad, roca unda raime gTxovos? socialuri fsiqo-
logebi amasTan dakavSirebiT gvirCeven, sensiturni viyoT
aseTi pozitiuri grZnobebisadmi. Tu sxva individTan
mokle Sexvedris Semdeg, vacnobierebT rom is gansa-
kuTrebiT mogvwons, gonebaSi unda gaismas gamafrTxile-
beli zaris xma da Tu isini gvTxoven raRacas, unda
davaskvnaT, rom isini cdiloben misi mowoneba davubrunoT
garkveuli sargebliT. aseT dros SegviZlia davicvaT Cveni
Tavi imiT, rom davixioT ukan da Cveni misdami grZnobebi,
romelsac gavlena unda moexdina Cvenze, gamovacalkevoT
gadawyvetilebisagan an aqtiobisagan. unda gavacnobieroT,
rom bolosdabolos ucxosadmi Cvens mowonebas Zalian
cota kavSiri aqvs im qcevasTan, rasac moiTxoven.
(3) karebis mojaxuneba, roca fexi karebSia Cadgmuli.
adamianebs, rogorc mivuTiTeT, Zlieri tendencia aqvT iyv-
nen konsistenturni da rogorc zemoT mivuTiTeT es ten-
dencia xSirad garkveul rols TamaSobs dayoliebaSi. Tu
Cven davTanxmdiT individis mcire Txovnaze, Cven SeiZleba
vigrZnoT valdebuleba, daveTanxmoT ufro didzec, raTa

196
viyoT konsistenturni. sabednierod, am tendenciasac SeiZ-
leba winaaRmdegoba gavuwioT. aqac mTavaria sakuTar
grZnobebze yuradRebis miqceva. Tu Tqven aRmoaCenT Tqvens
Tavs situaciaSi, sadac Tqveni adrindeli aqtiobidan iZu-
lebas grZnobT rom unda TqvaT diax, SeyovndiT da dasviT
kiTxva, Tqveni adrindeli miyola rom ar arsebobdes,
daTanxmdebodiT amJamad? Tu pasuxi iqneba ara, maSin SeCe-
reba samarTliania.
(4) Sua TamaSSi wesebis Secvlis efeqtis acileba. roca
individi miiRebs gadawyvetilebas da gaxdeba aqtiobis
garkveuli kursis erTguli, Znelia misi Secvla. am taqti-
kas xSirad sakmaod efeqturad iyeneben. rogor SeiZleba
winaaRmdegoba gavuwioT am taqtikas? Caldini (Cialdini, 1985)
gvTavazobs, rom am dros mniSvnelovania SevZloT: pirveli
daTanxmebis an gadawyvetilebis mizezis gancalkeveba imis-
gan, rasac Cven Semdeg vapirebT. Tu aRmovaCenT Cvens Tavs
situaciaSi, sadac meore individi moulodnelad cvlis
Tavdapirvel SeTanxmebas im maneriT, romelic Tqvengan met
safasurs moiTxovs, dausviT Tqvens Tavs kiTxva: 3am moce-
mul pirobebs daveTanxmebodi Tavidan?4 Tu pasuxi iqneba
ara, SeecadeT faqtorebis identifikacias, romelmac
gacdunes Tqven. Sansi didia aRmoaCinoT, rom es Tqven Tvi-
Ton SeqmeniT da Zalian cota an sulac araviTari wvlili
eqneba imas, visac gavlena unda moaxdinos Tqvenze. am
momenSi, albaT droa uari vTqvaT. bolosdabolos, ratom
unda darCeT im urTierTobaSi romelic ase Zviri gijde-
baT Tqven da sikeTes moutans sxvas.

morCileba

morCileba warmoadgens socialuri gavlenis formas,

romelSic erTi an meti individi emorCileba sxvis brZane-
bas. igulisxmeba, individi romelic iZleva brZanebas,
flobs garkveul Zalauflebas gavlena moaxdinos sxvaze.
Cveulebriv arCeven Zalauflebis eqvs wyaros: dajil-
dovebis Zalaufleba, dasjis Zalaufleba, eqspertuli
Zalaufleba, informaciuli Zalaufleba, referentuli
Zalaufleba da kanonieri Zalaufleba. roca morCilebaze
laparakoben, Cveulebriv igulisxmeba, rom is emyareba

197
kanonier Zalauflebas. Tumca, ar aris gamoricxuli Zala-
uflebis sxva wyaroebic TamaSobdnen aqtiur rols.
nebismieri formaluri socialuri jgufi, organizacia,
saerTod sazogadoeba, emorCileba brZanebebisa da gankar-
gulebebis sistemas, romelic momdinareobs kanonieri
avtoritetidan. morCileba brZanebebisadmi emyareba rwme-
nas, rom avtoritets aqvs moTxovnis ufleba. amitom ume-
tes SemTxvevaSi adamianebi nebiT eTanxmebian da emor-
Cilebian wesrigs da es ara marto iq sadac daqvemdebare-
bis sistema aSkarad Cans, mag. saxelmwifo biurokratul
sistemaSi, nebismieri organizaciis struqturaSi, an Zalis-
mier struqturebSi da sxva, aramed iqac, sadac es aSkarad
ar Cans. mag. adamianebi emorCilebian medicinis muSakebis
miTiTebebs bavSvebis vaqcinaciaze da a.S.
ra moxdeba situaciaSi, roca avtoritetis moTxovnebi
individis sakuTar rwmenebTan da RirebulubebTan kon-
fliqtSia? rogor unda moiqces mSobeli, roca skola
moiTxovs bavSvis vaqcinacias da TviTon darwmunebulia
rom es saSiSia bavSvisaTvis? rogor moviqceT roca
saxelmwifo politika migvaCnia rom mcdaria da amo-
raluri? 3morCilebis danaSaulis4 cnebac ki iqna Semo-
tanili (Herbert Kelman & Lee Hamilton, 1989), raTa aRweron is
amoraluri da aralegaluri moqmedebebi, romelic xorci-
eldeboda rogorc avtoritetebidan momdinare brZanebebi-
sadmi pasuxi. kelmani da hamiltoni uaryofen ideas, rom
morCilebis kriminali nacistur germaniasa da fanatikur
pirovnebis kultTan erTad warsuls Cabarda. maTi azriT
da albaT samarTlianad, morCilebis kriminali grZeldeba
Cvens sazogadoebaSi TiTqmis nebismier formalur Tu
araformalur organizaciebSi.
morCilebis fenomeni ufro rTuli aRmoCnda vidre
avtoritetisadmi damorCileba. gasaocaria, magram faqtia,
rom individebi, romelsac ara aqvT Zalauflebis aseTi
formebi zogjer axerxeben gamoiwvion damorCilebis maRa-
li done. aRmoCnda, rom garkveul pirobebSi Zalauflebis
armqone individebic ki axerxeben aiZulon sxvebi gana-
xorcielon aqtioba, romelsac Cveulebriv ar gaakeTeben.
amis brwyinvale dadasturebas warmoadgens stenli mil-
gremis eqsperimentebi.

198
 milgremis eqsperimentebi. 1960-ian wlebSi stenli mil-
gremma ganaxorciela eqsperimentebis seriebi, romelic
exeboda avtoritetisadmi damorCilebis bunebis garkvevas.
radgan milgremis eqsperimentebma erTerTi TvalsaCino
adgili daikava socialur fsiqologiur kvlevebSi, saWi-
rod CavTvale misi detaluri aRwera.
milgremma daiwyo imiT, rom gazeTSi moaTavsa gancxa-
deba, sadac Txovda adamianebs monawileoba mieRoT fsiqo-
logiur kvlevebSi. msurvelebs ajgufebdnen or orad. maT
eubnebodnen, rom ikvlevdnen dasjis gavlenas daswavlaze.
amitom erTerTi maTgani SemTxveviTi principiT SeirCeoda
rogorc 3moswavle4 da meore rogorc 3maswavlebeli4.
maswavlebels xmamaRla unda eTqva sityvebis wyvilebi,
romelic unda daemTavrebina moswavles. moswavlis mier
daSvebul yovel Secdomaze maswavlebels unda daesaja
moswavle eleqtroSokiT. maswavlebels svamdnen sakmaod
grZel STambeWdav 3Sokis pultis4 win, romelsac qonda
ocdaaTi CamrTveli Rilaki, romelzec aRniSnuli iyo Tu
ra siZlieris eleqtroSoks gamoiwvevda masze daWera.
Sokis siZliere iwyeboda 15-iT da mTavrdeboda 450 vol-
tiT. sxvaoba voltebSi, or mosazRvre Rilaks Soris, iyo
15 volti. Rilakebs hqonda warwera an 3susti Soki4, an
3Zlieri Soki4, an 3saSiSia: Zalian Zlieri Soki4.
moswavles meore oTaxSi svamdnen skamze. mklavebs amag-
rebdnen skamis saxelurze da uerTebdnen eleqtrodebs. mas
amis Semdeg 3maswavlebeli4 ver xedavda. maT erTmaneTTan
komunikacia SeeZloT mxolod interkomiT. eqsperimentis
dawyebamde “moswavle” miuTiTebda rom guli hqonda susti
da imedovnebda, rom eqsperimentatori gaiTvaliswinebda
amas. amis Semdeg eqsperimentatori, gasinjvis mizniT
3maswavlebels4 am xelsawyoTi ayenebda eleqtroSoks,
raTa warmodgena hqonoda Tu ra saxis vnebas ayenebda mos-
wavles. sasinji eleqtroSoki Zlieri iyo, magram 3maswav-
lebels4 uTxres rom gamoiyenes saSualo siZlieris
eleqtroSoki.
eqsperimentis ganmavlobaSi 3moswavle4 xSirad uSvebda
Secdomas. yovel Secdomaze maswavlebels unda aReniSna,
rom daSvebulia Secdoma da unda daeWira TiTi Rilakis-
Tvis. yovel momdevno Secdomaze maswavlebels unda
gamoeyenebina momdevno Rilaki e.i. unda gaeZlierebina

199
eleqtroSoki. eleqtroSokis gaZlierebsTan erTad
3moswavlis4 reaqcia xdeboda dramatuli, rac axali
Secdomis wyaro xdeboda. is iTxovda SeewyvitaT
eqsperimenti, meti ar SeuZlia da a.S., magram
eqsperimentatori eubneboda 3maswavlebels4 rom
gaegrZelebina eqsperimenti.
albaT mixvdiT, rom eqsperimentSi CarTuli wyvilidan
namdvili subieqti iyo erTi, romelsac 3SemTxveviT4 “mas-
wavleblis” rolis Sesruleba uxdeboda, xolo “moswav-
le” iyo cru subieqti. raTqmaunda ar xdeboda eleqtro-
Sokis gamoyeneba. 3moswavlis4 reaqcia eleqtroSokis miRe-
baze 3maswavlebels4 esmoda interkomiT. xolo rac
esmoda 3maswavlebels4 rogorc 3moswavlis4 reaqcia iyo
Semdegi:
reaqcia eleqtroSokze iwyeboda 75 voltidan.

75 volti: ui.
90 " ui.
105 " (xmamaRla) ui.
120 " ui! ee, marTla mtkiva.
135 " ui.
morCa, gamiSviT aqedan, me Tqven giTxariT
guli mawuxebs, Tu SeiZleba gamiSviT aqedan.
150 " meSinia gulis, me uars vambob eqsperimentis
gagrZelebaze.
165 " (yviris): gamomiSviT aqedan.
180 " (yviris): metis moTmena ar SemiZlia, gamomiS-
viT aqedan.
gamomiSviT aqedan! guli mtkiva! gamomiSviT
aqedan! Tqven ara gaqvT Cemi aq dakavebis uf-
185 " leba! gamomiSviT axlave! guli mtkiva! gamiS-
viT bolosdabolos aqedan!
ei, eqsperimentatoro! gamomiSvi aqedan! Cem-
210 " gan sakmarisia! me ar minda am eqsperimentSi
monawileobis miReba.
225 " ui! ui!
240 " ui! gamiSviT.
270 " (isteriuli yvirili): gamomiSviT aqedan!
gamomiSviT aqedan! gaigeT, gamomiSviT aqedan!
285 " (isteriuli yvirili):

200
 (isteriuli yvirili): me absoluturad uars
vambob gipasuxoT awi. gamiSviT, Tqven ara
300 " gaqvT ufleba damakavoT aq. gamiSviT, gamiS-
viT aqedan!
(Zlieri isteriuli yvirili): me Tqven
315 " giTxariT uars vambob pasuxebze. me ukve ar
vmonawileob eqsperimentSi.
(Zlieri xangrZlivi isteriuli yvirili):
gamiSviT, gamiSviT, gamiSviT. Tqven ara gaqvT
330 " amis ufleba gamiSviT, gamiSviT, gamiSviT,
gamiSviT.

“maswavlebels” evaleboda yovel Secdomaze eleqtro-

Sokis gaZliereba. raTa “maswavlebels” ar Seewyvita eqspe-
rimenti, eqsperimentatori sakmaod lakoniurad frazebs
iyenebda. es frazebi iyo Semdegi:

fraza 1: 3Tu SeiZleba gaagrZeleT4

fraza 2: 3eqsperimentis pirobebi moiTxovs, rom gaagrZe
loT4
fraza 3: 3gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelovania, rom gaagrZe-
loT4
fraza 4: 3Tqven ara gaqvT sxva arCevani; unda gaagrZe-
loT4

milgremma Caatara saintereso gamokiTxva. man gamokiTxa

fsiqiatrebi, studentebi da saSualo klasis warmomadgen-
lebi, sul 110 individi. maT kiTxes isini rom yofiliyvnen
aseT eqsperimentebSi “maswavleblis” rolSi ra siZlieris
eleqtroSoki iqneboda is maqsimaluri, romelsac isini
gamoiyenebdnen. TiTqmis yvela maTganma miuTiTa, rom
daemorCilebodnen eqsperimentators mxolod 130 voltis
gamoyenebamde. kiTxvaze, Tu maTi azriT sxvebi maqsimum ra
siZlieris Sokis gamoiyenebamde gamoiCendnen morCilebas,
arcerTi maTgani ar uSvebda, rom sxvebi gamoiyenebdnen
Rilaks romelic 3saSiSis4 kategoriaSi Sedioda.
magram ilgremis eqsperimentebSi romelSic monawileob-
da 40 gansxvavebuli profesiis 20-dan 50 wlamde asakis
mamakaci, Sedegi iyo Semdegi:

201
 Sokis done subieqtebi procentebSi, romlebic dae-
morCilnen eqsperimentatoris brZanebas.
sustidan Zalian
Zlier Sokamde
(0-240 volti) 100%
intensiuri Soki
(255-300 volti) 88%
Zalian
intensiuri Soki
(315-360 volti) 68%
saSiSi - mkacri
Soki
(375-420 volti) 65%
3xxx4
(435-450 volti) 65%

rogorc vxedavT, gasaocari Sedegebi iqna miRebuli.

imis gamo, rom eqsperimentSi monawileoba nebayofilobiTi
iyo, miuxedavad imisa rom kvlevaSi monawileobisaTvis maT
uxdidnen, mosalodneli iyo, rom isini winaaRmdegobas
gauwevdnen arcTu ise gonivrul moTxovnas. magram faqtiu-
rad aRmoCnda, rom subieqtebis 65% agrZelebda eqsperi-
ments 450 voltis gamoyenebamde. Sedegi marTlac SemaSfo-
Tebeli iyo.
momdevno kvlevebSi milgremi aCvenebs, rom msgavsi
Sedegebi SeiZleba miRebul iqnas pirobebSi, romelSic
mosalodneli iyo morCilebis tendenciis Semcireba. ker-
Zod, eqsperimentebi Tavidan tardeboda ielis universi-
tetis bazaze. milgremma CaTvala, rom ielis universite-
tis avtoritets SeeZlo ganesazRvra aseTi Sedegebi. ami-
tom momdevno kvlevebi man Caatara universitetis gareT,
erTerTi umniSvnelo sazogadoebis saxeliT. miuxedavad
amis, Sedegebi daaxloebiT igive iyo. eqsperimentebi game-
orebuli iqna sxvebis mierac - rogorc mozardebTan ise
mozrdilebTan da Canda, rom es Sedegebi sagangaSod
zogadi iyo. fernomeni moinaTla destruqciul morCi-
lebad.

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 destruqciuli morCilebis mizezebi

milgremis eqsperimentebis Sedegebi SemaSfoTebeli iyo.

magram man amave dros dasabami misca im pirobebis kvle-
vebs, romlebic xels uwyoben morCilebas. aSkarad dadga
sakiTxi ratom xdeba, rom situaciaSi, romelic TiTqosda
ar Seicavs avtoritarul figuras, morCilebis tendencia
mainc arsebobs. sanugeSo iqneboda daskvna, rom wyaros
aqvs didi Zala imaze, vinc emorCileba da amitom naklebi
Sansia winaaRmdegobis gawevisa. faqtiurad ase ar xdeba
yovelTvis. milgramis cnobil eqsperimentSi eqsperimenta-
tors faqtiurad, mcire Zalaufleba hqonda subieqtebze,
isini ar axdendnen dajildovebas morCilebisaTvis da ar
sjidnen winaaRmdegobis gawevisaTvis. aseve, mraval
cxovrebiseul situaciaSi individs, romelic emorCileba
sxvas aqvs protestisa da winaaRmdegobis gawevis ufleba,
magram, Tumca yoymaniT, xSirad axorcielebs aqtiobas
romelic adamianur an iuridiul uflebas xelyofs. ra
gansazRvravs adamianis aseT survils, miiRos realuri an
warmodgeniTi avtoritetis wyarodan gavlena? aRmoCnda,
rom mravali faqori TamaSobs garkveul rols.
pirveli, mraval situaciaSi avtoritetuli individi
pasuxismgeblobis TavisTavze aRebiT umsubuqebs situacias
imas, vinc emorCileba. adamianebi xSirad, roca emorCile-
bian mkacr da umowyalo gankargulebas Tavs imarTleben
imiT, rom amboben 3me mxolod vasrulebdi brZanebas4.
sasicocxlo situaciaSi, pasuxismgeblobis aseTi gadatana
SeiZleba impliciturad ganxorcieldes. milgremis eqspe-
rimentebSi ki aseTi gadatana aSkarad xorcieldeboda.
kerZod, subieqtebs Tavidanve eubnebodnen, rom eqsperimen-
tatori, 3avtoriteteli figura,4 iyo pasuxismgebeli
msxverplis keTildReobaze da ara isini. amis Semdeg
TiTqosda arc iyo gasakviri rom isini damorCilebis ten-
dencias amJRavnebdnen.
meore, avtoritetul individs xSirad aqvs maTi
statusis da Zalauflebis emblema an niSani. es SeiZleba
iyos specialuri uniforma, niSnebi, titulebi da masTan
dakavSirebuli faqtorebi. aseTi aSkara maniSneblis winaSe

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adamianebs uZneldebaT winaaRmdegobis gaweva. erTerT
kvlevaSi quCaSi mosiarules aCerebs gamvleli da Txou-
lobs 10 centians TiTqosda manqanis gasaCerebeli avtoma-
turi sadgomisaTvis. erT pirobaSi is vinc iTxovda iyo
mexanZris uniformaSi Cacmuli, meore pirobaSi kargad
Cacmuli, xolo mesame pirobaSi Raribad Cacmuli individi.
Sedegi iyo is, rom mexanZris uniformiani individi iRebda
sxvebze met 10 centians. amasTan, umravlesoba, romlebic
aZlevdnen 10 centians miuTiTebdnen, rom isini (mexanZris
formianebi) ise sTxovdnen rom igulisxmeboda ueWveli
damorCileba. e.i. roca mexanZris formiani sTxovda, am
Txovnas aRiqvamdnen gansxvavebulad vidre sxvebis Txovnas.
Tumca Txovna standartizebuli iyo. amrigad aRmoCnda
garegnuli simboloebi - Tundac is arsebuli situaciis
ararelevanturi iyos - gavlenas axdens rogorc qcevaze
ise motivze, romelic qcevis safuZvelSia.
mesame - mizezi morCilebisa, mraval situaciaSi, SeiZ-
leba iyos moTxovnis TandaTanobiTi buneba. xSirad
brZaneba Tavidan SedarebiT mcire da uwyinaria da
TandaTanobiT izrdeba da bolosdabolos moiTxovs imas,
risi miRebac saSiSi da arasasiamovno xdeba. milgremis
eqsperimentebSi subieqti Tavidan iyenebda sust eleqtro-
Soks da Sokis intensioba izrdeboda Secdomebis sixSiris-
da mixedviT, ase rom 3dasjis4 intensioba TandaTanobiT
aRwevda saSiS dones. roca brZanebebis eskalacia xdeba
TandaTanobiT da ar arsebobs naTeli gamyofi xazi rom-
lis Semdeg daumorCilebloba ufro misaRebi xdeba vidre
damorCileba, es imas niSnavs, rom situaciaa iseTi, rome-
lic xels uwyobs damorCilebas.
amrigad, mTeli rigi faqtorebi gansazRvraven damor-
Cilebis maRal dones, romelic gamovlinda rogorc
laboratoriuli kvlevebis ise realuri cxovrebis kon-
teqstis sakmaod farTe rangSi.

rogor SeiZleba winaaRmdegoba gauwioT morCilebas

sabednierod, arsebobs ramdenime strategia, romelic

SeiZleba efeqturi aRmoCndes morCilebis tendenciis dasa-
Zlevad:

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 pirveli, individma romelic avtoritetuli pirisgan
iRebs brZanebas unda gaacnobieros, rom swored TviTonaa
pasuxismgebeli SedegisaTvis da ara is, vinc iZleva brZa-
nebas. aseT pirobebSi unda movelodeT damorCilebis ten-
denciis mkveTr Semcirebas da marTlac mTeli rigi kvle-
vebi gvarwmuneben rom asec xdeba.
meore, damorCilebis tendencia Semcirdeba, Tu indi-
vids uzrunvelvyofT niSniT, rom garkveuli wertilis
miRma usityvo damorCileba brZanebisadmi miuRebelia. Tvi-
Ton milgremis eqsperimentebiT mtkicdeba, rom roca subi-
eqtebs sTavazoben naTel niSans romlis Semdeg damor-
Cileba miuRebelia, subieqtebisaTvis daumorCilebloba
gacilebiT ufro advilia.
mesame, gacilebiT ufro advilia winaaRmdegoba gauwi-
oT avtoritetuli wyaros gavlenas Tu kiTxvis qveS dava-
yenebT mis eqspertulobas an mis motivebs. e.i. saWiroa
gacnobiereba imisa, arian isini ukeTes poziciaSi Seafason
Tu ra aris mniSvnelovani da ra ara? an maTi brZanebis
safuZvelSi egoisturi motivebia Tu altruistuli? aseTi
kiTxvebis dasmiT adamianma SeiZleba miiRos ufro mxar-
daWera damoukideblobisaTvis vidre damorCilebisaTvis.
bolos, SeiZleba sasargeblo iyos TviT avtoritetuli
figuris Zalis codna, im kanonzomierebis codna, romel-
sac emyareba avtoritetis Zalaufleba. aRmoCnda, rom indi-
videbi romlebic kiTxuloben socialur-fsiqologiur
kvlevebs, ician maTi Sedegebi, ufro sensiturni xdebian im
fenomenebis da im efeqtebis mimarT, romlebic aRwerilia
im gamokvlevebSi. isini axerxeben Secvalon TavianTi qceva
am codnis mxedvelobaSi miRebiT. damorCilebis problemeb-
Tan dakavSirebiT imedovneben, rom am procesebis codnas
SeuZlia gazardos winaaRmdegobis gaRevis unari.
amrigad, avtoritetuli individis Zala gasces damor-
Cilebis brZaneba didia. magram is ar aris dauZleveli.
garkveul pirobebSi is SeiZleba gaTvaliswinebuli da
daZleuli iqnas.
bolos, destruqciuli morCilebis sakiTxs gvinda Seve-
xoT pirovnebis poziciebidan. xom ar SeiZleba vifiqroT,
rom TviTon pirovnebis bunebaSia destruqciuloba, agre-
sia, magram mas socialuroba zRudavs da amitom ar avlens
mas. amitom Tu aRmoCndeba situaciaSi, sadac pasuxis-

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mgeblobis gareT gatana SeuZlia, gamoavlens kidec. xom
ar SeiZleba davuSvaT, rom milgremis eqsperimentebSi swo-
red am tendenciis gamovlenasTan gvaqvs saqme, rom raRac
deindividuaciis msgavs fenomenTan gvaqvs saqme, rogorc es
xdeba brbos situaciaSi.
rom es ase ar aris, vfiqrobT, kargad dasturdeba or-
nesa da evansis gamokvlevebiT.
eqsperimenti exeboda SedegebisTvis pasuxismgeblobis
aRebis mniSvnelobis dadgenas milgremis kvlevebis ana-
logiur situaciaSi im gansxvavebiT, rom am SemTxvevaSi
destruqciuli morCileba vnebas moutanda TviTon subi-
eqts da ara sxvas. amdenad vfiqrobT es gamokvleva pasuxs
gascems Cvens mier wamoWril sakiTxsac. Tu aseT situ-
aciaSi destruqciuli morCileba dadasturdeba, misi mize-
zebis Zieba TviT adamianis destruqciul bunebaSi, mokle-
buli iqneba azrs.
ornesa da evansis eqsperimentebSi monawileobdnen
hipnotizirebuli da arahipnotizirebuli subieqtebi. ara-
hipnotizirebuli subieqtebis erT jgufs uTxres, rom
isini warmoadgendnen sakontrolo jgufs hipnozis gamo-
kvlevebSi da rom maT evalebaT eqsperimentatoris motyu-
eba imiT, rom Tavi moaCvenon Zlier hipnotizirebulad
(simulatorebi). meore jgufs aseve uTxres, rom isini
warmoadgenen sakontrolo jgufs hipnozis gamokvlevebSi
magram maT ar mosTxoves hipnozis simulireba. garda amisa
iyo mesame jgufi, romelic saerTod araeqsperimentul
jgufs warmoadgenda.
subieqtebs mosTxoves ganexorcielebinaT Semdegi qceve-
bi:
1. aCvenes Cxriala (Zlier Sxamiani) gvelebi galiaSi
da mosTxoves xeli Seyon galiaSi da Seexon maT.
2. aCvenes azotmJaviT savse menzura Sig Cadebuli
monetiT. mas Semdeg rac monetam daiwyo daSla, e.i.
naTeli gaxda, rom siTxe namdvilad mJavaa,
subieqtebs mosTxoves mJavidan monetis amoReba
TiTebiT.
3. mJava SeesxaT eqsperimentatorisTvis saxeSi.
cxadia yvela es davaleba ise iyo mowyobili, rom
aravin ziandeboda magram subieqtebma es ar icodnen. ase

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rom Cveulebriv pirobebSi amas aravin ar Seasrulebda.
Sedegebi mocemulia cxrilSi.

gvelis mJavidan mJavis

mdgomareoba xelis monetis saxeSi
Sexeba % amoReba % Sesxma %

hipnotizirebulebi 84 84 84

simulaciuri 100 100 100

sakontrolo
arasimulaciuri 50 84 84
sakontrolo
araeqsperimentuli 0 0 0

rogorc vxedavT, hipnozma mogvca mniSvnelovani dayolie-

ba. umravlesobam ganaxorciela aRniSnuli qceva. ufro
gasaocaria simulaciuri sakontrolo jgufis wevrebis
qceva, maT asi procentiT yvela daemorCila moTxovnas.
aseve meore sakontrolo jgufis wevrebis umravlesoba
daemorCila moTxovnas. magram arasakontrolo jgufis wev-
rebidan arc erTi ar daemorCila moTxovnas.
amrigad, milgremis eqsperimentis msgavs situaciaSi,
maSinac ki roca qceva saSiSi iyo TviT subieqtebisaTvis,
destruqciuli morCilebis tendencia dadasturda. e.i. am
tendencias ver avxsniT TviT pirovnebis destruqciuli
bunebiT.

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