Transactional Analysis: By, Priya Unadkat

TRANSACTIONAL
ANALYSIS
By, Priya Unadkat

INTRODUCTION
• The study of human behaviour is very complex and

complicated concept.
• Individual behaviour affects and affected by the behaviour of
others also.
• One of the major problems in the study of organisational
behaviour is to analyse and improve, the interpersonal
relationships.
• One basic approach to study interpersonal relations in an
organisational system is Transactional Analysis.
• This analysis deals with understanding, predicting and
controlling interpersonal relationships.
TRANSACTIONAL ANALYSIS
• It was introduced by Eric Berne
• Transactional analysis is a technique used to help
people better understand their own and other’s
behaviour
• Transactional analysis is primarily concerned
with following:
Analysis of self awareness
Analysis of ego states
Analysis of transactions
Analysis of life positions
1. ANALYSIS OF SELF AWARENESS
The interpersonal relationships are composed of interself.
Self is the core of personality pattern which provides integration.
Joseph Luft and Harrington have developed a diagram to look
at one’s personality including behaviours and attitudes that can
be known and unknown to self and known and unknown to
others.
This diagram is known as the JOHARI WINDOW.
It comprising of 4 parts.
JOHARI WINDOW
OPEN BLIND
(known to others and also self) (unknown to self but known to others)
HIDDEN UNKNOWN
(known to self but unknown to others) (unknown to self and unknown to
others)
14–7
2. ANALYSIS OF EGO STATES
• The ego plays an important role in human behaviour.
• People interact with each other in terms of psycological
positions or behavioural patterns known as ego states.
• Ego states are person’s way of thinking, feeling and behaving
at any time.
• There are 3 important ego states.
• Ego states: child, adult and parent.
• A person of any age have these ego states in varying degree.
• A healthy person is able to move from one ego state to
another.
THE EGO STATES
ADULT
PARENT
CHILD
Ego Portraits
People have favorite, preferred ego state, depicted by

larger circle in a diagram
Parent Adult Child
P P
P
A
A
A
C
C C
• 1. parent ego state:
• The parent ego state means that the values,
attitudes and behaviours of parents are an integral
part of the personality of an individual. These people
tend to talk to people and treat others like children.
The characteristics of a person with parent ego state
are:
• Judgemental
• Rule maker
• Over protective
• 2. Adult ego state:
• The adult ego state is authentic, direct, reality based,
fact seeking and problem solving. They assume that human
beings are responsible. The process of adult ego state
formation goes through one’s own experiences. People with
adult ego state, gather relevant information, carefully analyse
it, generate alternatives and make logical choices.
• 3.Child ego state:

• The child ego state is characterized by very immature
behaviour. The important features of child ego state are
creativity, anxiety, depression, dependence, fear, joy,
emotional sentimental etc.
3.ANALYSIS OF TRANSACTIONS
• A transaction is a basic unit of social interaction.

• The heart of transactional analysis is the study and
diagramming of the exchanges between two persons.
• Transactional analysis can help us to determine which
ego state is most heavily influencing our behaviour
and the behaviour of the other people with whom we
interact.
13
Depending on the ego states of the persons involved in
transactions, there may be three types of transactions:
1.Complementary transactions:
Both people are operating from the expected ego state.
Interactions, responses, actions regarded as appropriate and
expected from another person.
There can be nine complementary transactions. They are given
below:
Adult-Adult transactions  Child-Parent transactions
Adult-Parent transactions  Child-Adult transactions
Adult-Child transactions  Child-Child transactions
Parent-Parent transactions
Parent-Adult transactions
Parent-Child transactions
• What is the time?
• It's 11:15
A -----> A
• You are late

• Sorry. I will take care
P ----> C
2. Crossed transactions:
A crossed transaction is one in which the sender sends
message a behaviour on the basis of his ego state, but this
message is reacted by an unexpected ego state on the part of
the receiver. Interactions, responses, actions NOT regarded as
appropriate or expected from another person.
Crossed communication should be avoided as far as possible.
Whenever such transactions occur, communication tends to
blocked and a satisfactory transaction is not accomplished.
• Whats is the time?

• There is a clock there. why don't you figure it out your self?
3.Ulterior (Secondary / HIdden) transactions:
Ulterior transactions always involve at least two
ego states involve on the part of one person. Ulterior
transactions have a hidden agenda.
4. ANALYSIS OF LIFE POSITIONS
• In the process of growing up people make basic assumptions
about their own self worth as well as about the worth of
significant people in their environment.
• The combination of assumptions about self and the other
person called as life position.
• Transactional analysis constructs the following
classifications of the four possible life positions or
psychological positions:
• I am OK,, you are OK.
• I am OK, ,you are not OK.
• I am not OK,, you are OK.
• I an not OK,, you are not OK
• I am OK, you are OK:
• It appears to be an ideal life position. People with this
type of life position have confidence in themselves as well as
trust and confidence in others.
• I am OK, you are not OK:
• This is a distrustful psychological positions. This is the
attitude of those people, who think that whatever they do is
correct.
• :I am not OK, you are OK
• This is a common position for those people who feel
power less when they compare themselves to others.
• I am not OK,, you are not OK:
THANK U……….

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TRANSACTIONAL

By, Priya Unadkat

• The study of human behaviour is very complex and

People have favorite, preferred ego state, depicted by

• 3.Child ego state:

• A transaction is a basic unit of social interaction.

• You are late

• Whats is the time?

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