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    Pre Calculus Review

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    Rocket Fire
    This document provides a review of key functions in precalculus: 1. It outlines different types of polynomial functions and their properties, as well as generalizations about polynomial functions. 2. It discusses rational functions, including their general form, domains, and unique graph attributes like vertical and horizontal asymptotes. 3. It covers inverse functions, including how to determine if a function has an inverse and properties of inverse functions. 4. Exponential and logarithmic functions are examined, including their relationship as inverses, domains, ranges, graphs, and important properties used in calculus. 5. The document concludes by reviewing trigonometric functions defined in terms of right triangles and the unit

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    Pre Calculus Review

    Uploaded by

    Rocket Fire
    48 views10 pages
    This document provides a review of key functions in precalculus: 1. It outlines different types of polynomial functions and their properties, as well as generalizations about polynomial functions. 2. It discusses rational functions, including their general form, domains, and unique graph attributes like vertical and horizontal asymptotes. 3. It covers inverse functions, including how to determine if a function has an inverse and properties of inverse functions. 4. Exponential and logarithmic functions are examined, including their relationship as inverses, domains, ranges, graphs, and important properties used in calculus. 5. The document concludes by reviewing trigonometric functions defined in terms of right triangles and the unit

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    This document provides a review of key functions in precalculus: 1. It outlines different types of polynomial functions and their properties, as well as generalizations about polynomial functions. 2. It discusses rational functions, including their general form, domains, and unique graph attributes like vertical and horizontal asymptotes. 3. It covers inverse functions, including how to determine if a function has an inverse and properties of inverse functions. 4. Exponential and logarithmic functions are examined, including their relationship as inverses, domains, ranges, graphs, and important properties used in calculus. 5. The document concludes by reviewing trigonometric functions defined in terms of right triangles and the unit

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    48 views10 pages

    Pre Calculus Review

    Uploaded by

    Rocket Fire
    This document provides a review of key functions in precalculus: 1. It outlines different types of polynomial functions and their properties, as well as generalizations about polynomial functions. 2. It discusses rational functions, including their general form, domains, and unique graph attributes like vertical and horizontal asymptotes. 3. It covers inverse functions, including how to determine if a function has an inverse and properties of inverse functions. 4. Exponential and logarithmic functions are examined, including their relationship as inverses, domains, ranges, graphs, and important properties used in calculus. 5. The document concludes by reviewing trigonometric functions defined in terms of right triangles and the unit

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    of 10

    Precalculus Review

    Functions to KNOW!
    1. Polynomial Functions

    Types: General form Generic Graph


    and unique properties

    Constants

    Linear

    Quadratic

    Cubic

    Generalizations for Polynomial Functions


    - The domain for all polynomial functions is ALWAYS _______________

    - The degree of a polynomial is ________________________________

    - Graph behavior based on its degree:


    End behavior:

    Number of ‘turning points’

    A function is said to be even if A function is said to be odd if


    2. Rational Functions (a.k.a. Fractional Functions)
    - General form:

    - Domain:

    - Unique Graph attributes:


    Vertical asymptotes:

    Horizontal or Slanted Asymptotes:


    1. degree numerator < degree denominator

    2. degree numerator = degree denominator

    3. degree numerator > degree denominator

    x +3
    Ex) For the function y = determine the following:
    x −5
    Domain:

    Vertical Asymptote

    Horizontal or Slanted Asymptote

    Also helps to plot the intercepts:


    x-intercept

    y-intercept

    Ex) Determine the asymptotes (vertical, horizontal/slant) for …


    x x2 − 6x + 7
    a) f (x) = 2 b) g(x) =
    x −9 x −5
    3. Inverse Functions
    In order for a function f (x) to have an inverse, it must be ______________________

    … which means

    The inverse of the function f (x) is denoted as ________________

    Ex) f (x) = x 3 Ex) h(x) = x 2

    The purpose of an inverse function is to ______________________________________

    Properties of inverse functions:


    - Domain and Range:

    - Graph symmetry

    Ex) Sketch the graph of the inverse of the function f (x) on the blank axes.

    Domain: Domain:

    Range: Range:
    4. Exponential and Logarithmic Functions
    Exponential functions of base a and Logarithmic functions of base a are inverses of each other.

    General Exp. Function: y = a x General Log. Function: y = log a ( x)

    Domain: Domain:

    Range: Range:

    Intercept: Intercept:

    Asymptote: Asymptote:

    Graph: Graph:

    Most frequently used base is ______ … whose log inverse is ______________

    Approximate value:
    Properties of Exponentials and Logarithms you’ll need in calculus:
    Rewrite between exponential form and logarithmic form:

    a x = b can be rewritten as _______________

    __________ can be rewritten as ln(b) = x

    Cancellation Properties (VERY handy when solving equations)

    Solving equations:
    Solve the equation 103 x−1 = 45

    Solve the equation 6ln(15 − 7x) + 20 = 38

    Base Change Formula

    The Laws of Logarithms


    These are handy when you need to expand or condense logarithmic expressions.

    I. ln(UV ) =

    II. ln( UV ) =

    III. ln(UM ) =
    5. Trigonometric Functions
    Trigonometric functions were defined in several ways:
    -Right Triangle Definitions: The main three … and their reciprocals

    sinθ =

    cosθ =

    tanθ =

    REMEMBER:
    The roles of ‘OPPOSITE’ and ‘ADJACENT’ depend
    on which acute angle you’re calling θ .

    - Unit Circle Definitions:


    Let t be a radian angle measure and ( x , y) represents
    the point on the unit circle paired with the angle t

    sin(t ) =

    cos(t ) =

    tan(t ) =
    FOR REFERENCE ONLY!!! THIS IS PREREQUISITE MATERIAL!!!
    YOU WILL NOT BE ALLOWED TO USE THIS ON THE TEST!!!
    You’ll need the unit circle for various reasons this semester:

    Ex) Evaluate csc( 74π )

    Ex) Solve the equation 3tan2 (x) = 1 on the interval [0,2π ) .

    Ex) What interval (or intervals) make 2cos t + 1 ≤ 0 on the interval [0,2π ) ?

    - Trigonometric Function Graphs

    y = sin(x) y = cos(x)

    Domain of Sine and Cosine: ____________

    Range of Sine and Cosine: _____________

    Graph is periodic with a cycle repeating every interval of length ______________.


    Ex) Sketch two full periods of the graph of y = −8cos(10 x) .

    How does the –8 affect the graph? How does the 10 affect the graph?

    The other trigonometric function graphs for reference


    (again … prerequisite material won’t be given on the test)

    Graph of y = csc(x) Graph of y = sec(x)


    Graph of y = tan( x) Graph of y = cot(x)

    y = tan x y = cot x

    Cosecant and Cotangent have vertical asymptotes at every multiple of π (where Sine has x-
    intercepts)
    Secant and Tangent have vertical asymptotes at every ODD multiple of π2 (where Cosine has x-
    intercepts)

    Trigonometric Identities we will need in Calculus (KNOW THEM!)

    Reciprocal Identities
    1 1 1
    Quotient Identities
    sin u = cos u = tan u = sin u
    csc u sec u cot u tan u =
    1 1 1 cos u
    csc u = sec u = cot u = cos u
    sin u cos u tan u cot u =
    sin u

    Pythagorean Identities Even / Odd Identities


    ODDS
    sin 2 u + cos2 u = 1 sin( − u) = − sin u
    also … cos2 u = 1 − sin 2 u and sin 2 u = 1 − cos2 u csc( − u) = − csc u
    tan( − u) = − tan u
    1 + tan 2 u = sec 2 u cot( − u) = − cot u
    also … tan 2 u = sec2 u − 1 and 1 = sec 2 u − tan 2 u
    EVENS
    2
    1 + cot u = csc u 2 cos( − u) = cos u
    also … cot u = csc 2 u − 1 and 1 = csc 2 u − cot 2 u
    2 sec( − u) = sec u

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