Military English - Fashion
Military English - Fashion
Military English - Fashion
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SECTIONS:
I. VOCABULARY
V. WRITING SKILL
WEBS www.englishteachermelanie.com
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I. VOCABULARY
Confusing English Verbs
To wear = to have clothes on your body. You wear clothes.
• This is the most common verb used to talk about clothes.
What are you wearing today?
I’m going to wear my new shoes to school tomorrow!
He wore a tie yesterday.
I haven’t worn this dress in ages [=in a long time]!
• Similar to wear, you can also “have clothes on” or “have on clothes”.
What is she wearing? She has a red sweater on.
Have you seen Ben today? He has on a new suit!
• Get dressed = put clothes on (yourself); this is more common and less formal than dress.
Aren’t you dressed yet? Hurry up and get dressed!
I didn’t get dressed until after lunch!
In the morning I wake up, shower, get dressed, and then eat breakfast.
↔
Fashion writers and designers are always trying to think of unique ways to describe clothing, and
magazines are full of colorful phrases and expressions!
Chic = the same as ‘fashionable’ or ‘stylish,’ but it sounds better because it’s a French word!
Have you seen Jenny’s chic new coat?
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Hot = wanted, everybody has to have it.
The new Prada boots are so hot all the stores are sold out and there is a waiting list for them!
Trendy = what everyone else is wearing right now; a new, popular style.
The internet makes it so easy to find trendy clothes! I really like to see what celebrities are wearing.
Vintage = old, but high quality and valuable; the item of clothing may have been worn before by
someone else.
Ellen was shopping at a thrift store last week and she found an amazing vintage Chanel jacket.
Timeless = something that is still beautiful no matter how much time passes, no matter what the
current trends or styles are.
Grace Kelly wore a beautiful, timeless gown on her wedding day. On the other hand, Princess
Diana’s wedding dress is NOT timeless. When you see a picture of the dress, you know right away
she was married in the 1980s!
Accessory = A decoration or piece of clothing that adds emphasis to an outfit (like a brooch).
Beauty Shot = A headshot from the shoulders up where the main focus is on the models face
including makeup hair and accessories. (A portrait).
Body Shot = A full length photo of a model where the main focus is on the models body.
Book = A models portfolio (A hand-held case that contains photographs of a modes work, maps,
drawings, etc.) containing composite cards and photographs of a model who is representing a
certain modelling agency.
Casting - When a business chooses a model for a fashion show, print etc.
Collection = Groups of clothing of different styles made and created by fashion designers.
Head Shot = A photograph that concentrates on the models head. The head shot shows make up
hair and accessories.
Plus-size Model = A model who wears a larger size of garments. The size of plus-size models s
usually size 12 and up.
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Runway / Catwalk = A strip or platform or designated area for a model to walk while displaying and
demonstrating clothing and garments to the audience.
Showroom = A room where models wear, display or demonstrate samples and/or originals of
saleable items to consumers and customers.
Fashionista = Slang word for people who love fashion. A fashionista can be a fashion designer,
magazine editor, or simply someone who loves to wear the latest fashionable clothing!
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II. LISTENING SKILL
EUCHARIA
1. How many times a year does the woman go shopping?.
2. Which clothes does she prefer?
3. What is her favorite kind of shopping?
4. What look does she like?
JIM
1. How important is fashion to him?
2. What kind of clothes does he prefer?
3. Does he mind if clothes have holes in them?
JEANNIE
1. How important is fashion to her?
2. Does she care about brand labels?
3. How does she dress?
4. How does she define her look?
KATE
1. How important is fashion and appearance to her?
2. What does fashion express in her opinion?
3. What is the negative side to fashion?
4. What is her opinion about appearance?
TAPESCRIPT 1
Eucharia, Ireland: Fashion, well. I can only go shopping once a year so I’m not very fashion
conscious. I like clothes that fit me rather than, and suit me, rather than brands labels. I especially
love shoe shopping when I go home and my aim is to look nice, not particularly fashionable, but
classic, that’ll do.
Jim, England: Fashion isn’t really important to me. I just want clothes that look fairly smart and don’t
smell. If they got holes in them, that’s no good but I’m not a follower of fashion.
Jeannie, United States: Is fashion important to me? Not really. I usually wear whatever is
comfortable.
I don’t usually care about name brands or anything like that. I just go with what Iooks best on me and,
yeah, it’s got to be cool.
Kate, New Zealand: Fashion is not so important to me, but I do sometimes like to put an effort into
how I look and into my appearance. I think that fashion expresses who you are and it can differentiate
you from others but however on the other hand, people can judge you on fashion and your
appearance and this is not a good thing. You should Iook further than the appearance.
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EX. 2 Traditional dress in Sri Lanka. Listen and complete. How do the
following circumstances influence what people wear?.
COMFORT/
DISCOMFORT
PRESSURE
FROM FAMILY
DESIRE TO BE
MODERN
COST
FAMILY
BACKGROUND
COLONIZATIO
N
OPINION OF
FRIENDS
POLITICAL
CHANGES
EXTRA QUESTION
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TAPESCRIPT EX. 2
I=Interviewer S=Shanika
I: Today we begin our series on “Traditional Dress throughout the World”. Our journey takes us to
the little island nation of Sri Lanka. Shanika de Silva, a native Sri Lankan now living in the United
States, shares some interesting thoughts on traditional dress in her home country.
Shanika, thanks for speaking with us today.
S: My pleasure.
I: First of all, I’d like to ask you… what is the traditional clothing in Sri Lanka?
S: Well, the traditional clothing for women is a sari.
I: And, what’s a sari?
S: It’s a long piece of cloth that is wrapped around your waist, and then it goes over your shoulder.
I: And do most women in Sri Lanka wear saris?
S: Most of the older women, like my grandmother, wear a sari every day. all the time The younger
women tend to wear dresses or pants or something.
I: Why don’t the younger women wear saris?
S: Well, I guess some of them feel that saris are uncomfortable. I’ve heard women say that saris are
hot and difficult to walk in because they’re long. Also, if you’re not used to wearing a sari, you might
feel afraid that it will come unravelled. It’s hard to relax in that situation.
I: Sounds like saris aren’t very practical.
S: Some people feel that way. Also, many younger women think saris are old-fashioned. When
you’re younger, you’re more interested in being stylish. Saris are great for formal occasions, like
weddings, but if you’re going out with your friends, you want to be more modern.
I: So the younger women want to be more modern.
S: Actually I shouldn’t say all the younger women. It depends a lot on your family history. You see
there are two main groups of people in Sri Lanka –the Sinhalese and the Tamils. Then there are
some other ethnic groups, like Sri Lankans, who are part European. The women who are more
European tend to be more modern. But the women who are Sinhalese or Tamil tend to be more
traditional.
I: Why are the Sinhalese and Tamils more traditional?
S: It’s their culture. Well, in the past, the Sri Lankans that were part Europeans had relatives who
wore Western clothing, so they were used to Western dress. The Sinhalese and Tamils didn’t have
that.
I: So you’re saying that previous family history can influence the way you dress.
S: Yes, I think so.
I: We’ve been talking about what women wear. How about the men? Do they have special traditional
clothing?
S: Ummm the men, I guess, used to wear a sarong, which is a long piece of cloth that’s wrapped
around the waist.
I: So you say they used to wear sarongs. Don’t they wear them anymore?
S: People who live in rural areas, in the country, still wear sarongs. But in the city, it’s only the
politicians who wear them. People who have office jobs in downtown Colombo wear pants and shirts
and even ties. They only wear sarongs to relax at home.
I: Why don’t they wear traditional clothes?
S: I think, personally, that it’s a result of being colonized. You see… Sri Lanka used to be ruled by
the British. Let’s see… It was from… er… 1815 to 1948. Since the men were the ones who went to
work, they had to adapt to the kind of clothes the British were wearing at work. The women, on the
other hand, didn’t leave the house, so they hung on to the traditional form of dress.
I: Interesting! But what about the men who are politicians? You said before that they still wear
traditional dress.
S: Yeah… I think that’s also a result of colonization. You see, after the British left, people wanted to
show that they were proud of their culture and their new independence. To show their pride, a lot of
politicians who used to wear a suit to work, started to wear a sarong.
I: So it sounds as if political changes in Sri Lanka have influenced the way politicians dress.
S: That’s right.
I: Very interesting!
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EX. 3 Listen and fill the gaps.
Have you ever thought ____________________ fashion is? People tell us what clothes to wear.
____________________ . Fashion stores tell us what is “in” this summer or this winter. People then
buy the same clothes ____________________ everyone else because they want
____________________ . The thing is, fashion is about being an individual, but then we all wear
clothes that are ____________________ everyone else’s! Keeping up with fashion is expensive
these days. Everyone ____________________ fashion. Have you seen how much the most
fashionable sneakers are? How can kids ____________________ ? The craziest fashion is the
____________________ . People ____________________ salary, or more, on a handbag or watch.
That’s crazy. I’m happy with an unknown brand at ____________________ . I don’t mind being
unfashionable.
TAPESCRIPT 3
Have you ever thought how strange fashion is? People tell us what clothes to wear. That’s weird.
Fashion stores tell us what is “in” this summer or this winter. People then buy the same clothes
and look like everyone else because they want to feel trendy. The thing is, fashion is about being
an individual, but then we all wear clothes that are the same as everyone else’s! Keeping up with
fashion is expensive these days. Everyone is into brand fashion. Have you seen how much the
most fashionable sneakers are? How can kids afford those? The craziest fashion is the luxury
brands. People spend a month’s salary, or more, on a handbag or watch. That’s crazy. I’m happy
with an unknown brand at half the price. I don’t mind being unfashionable.
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TAPESCRIPT EX. 4
This Sunday, fashion designer Jason Wu is launching a limited-edition line for Target. He became
suddenly famous when Michelle Obama chose one of his designs for her inaugural gown. Wu is
the latest high-end designer to partner with a discount retailer and offer his couture at cheap
prices.
Asma Khalid, Byline: On a bitter cold Washington morning, hundreds of fashionistas flooded the
streets in front of the low-priced fashion chain H&M. Italian luxury label Versace was launching a
collection there and customers were waiting for the doors to open.
It used to be unthinkable for high-end designers to sell their clothes at discount shops. But now
they regularly team up with Gap, Macy's and Target to bring cheap chic to the masses. The
partnership is lucrative for both sides. Retailers gain cache, lots of new customers, and loads of
publicity.
And designers make money because the retailers pay them to create a unique collection. Steven
Kolb, head of the Council of Fashion Designers of America, says the payment can be anywhere
from $200,000 up to $1 million, plus royalties. And it's not just about the money.
Steven Kolb: It's different for designers at different points in their careers. For a more established
designer, it often can help reinvent them.
Khalid: Few people had heard of Missoni until the venerable Italian fashion house partnered with
Target last year. The launch made headlines after Target's website crashed from all the traffic.
Some younger designers fear that selling clothes through a mass retailer could cheapen their
budding brand.
Gaby Basora: Because you're bringing your DNA to the marketplace at a lower cost.
Khalid: That's Gaby Basora. She launched a collection at Target in 2010. She says the retailer
was able to advertise for her in a way she could never have afforded herself.
Basora: You know, I'm years away from putting my logo on the side of a bus that drives around
NYC for all the world to appreciate.
Rogan Gregory: The exposure isn't taboo anymore, and the manufacturing process has gotten
very sophisticated, so you can get really good quality at a low price.
Khalid: By now it's become commonplace to sell cheap chic, a few aisles over from diapers and
light bulbs. Designer Jason Wu even considers it a badge of honor.
Jason Wu: Target has a great legacy of great collaborations. I mean, designers like Missoni,
who's, you know, legendary, and McQueen. Just to be in such great company is a huge plus for
me.
Khalid: Not all haute couture designers want to offer up bargain versions of their fashions. Big
name fashion labels like Dior have steered clear of the mass market. And Italian designers Dolce
& Gabbana recently told the industry publication Women's Wear Daily that low-priced fashion
retailers like H&M are cheap and trashy and their clothes lack the quality of really high-priced
fashion.
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III. SPEAKING SKILL
How has the Spanish idea of beauty changed in the last years?
Do the students think that it is better to use diet and exercise than cosmetic surgery to change
the way their bodies look?
Do the students think that the idea of a beautiful body is different these days?
Do the students think that using makeup improves the appearance?
COSMETIC SURGERY
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IV. READING SKILL
People have always had the desire to look more beautiful and fashionable. Whatever their age,
size, or shape, people have followed fashion in order to look more attractive. In the 1800s, for
People
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American had theindesire
New to
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began admire and fashionable.
the fashions Whatever
of Paris. their
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American to look more
dressmakers used attractive.
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to
example, American
French ones! women in New York began to admire the fashions of Paris. In fact, French
fashions were once so popular that American dressmakers used to change their names to
French ones! height and weight became an important part of beauty. During the time of the
In the 1700s,
French Revolution, many women used to wear corsets, belts that made their waists appear
In the slimmer.
much 1700s, height and weight became an important part of beauty. During the time of the
French Revolution, many women used to wear corsets, belts that made their waists appear
much
Todayslimmer.
we still think of the ideal person as tall and slim. But, nowadays, men or women who
want to change their body shapes don’t need to wear uncomfortable clothing. Instead, they can
choose cosmetic surgery to reshape their bodies or to remove body fat.
In England in the 1500s, makeup became an important part of beauty. Some women used to
paint their faces white. They thought this made them more attractive. Later, in North America,
some women used to eat arsenic, a dangerous poison, to make their faces whiter. By the
1860s, American women started using makeup to make themselves more attractive. These
days, women who want to look their best at all times have started using permanent makeup.
Some men, especially those in show business, also use permanent makeup. The application of
permanent makeup is a type of cosmetic surgery. It is much safer than using paint and arsenic,
and it helps busy people save time.
In the 1890s, Americans discovered that bicycle riding could actually improve their
appearance! They exercised in order to look and feel better. The popularity of bicycle riding
even led to a change in fashion. American women began to wear shorter skirts instead of the
traditional long, full ones they used to wear. By the 1920s, the beauty ideal was closely related
to health, and people believed that diet and exercise were the best ways to become naturally
beautiful.
Decide if each statement is TRUE or FALSE. If it is false, state the true statement.
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EX. 2 Read the following diary pages written by a man whose wife
decided to have a face-lift. (This is a form of cosmetic surgery that
makes people look younger).
Monday, April 4
Susan wants to get a face-lift! She says she feels too young on the inside to look like a tired old
grandma. (I thought coloring her hair made enough of a difference, but no, she wants a whole
new face.) I told her that we have to meet with the doctor first. I don’t want her to go into the
surgery without knowing the dangers.
Tuesday, April 12
Today we sat down and talked it over with a surgeon. It’s simple. The doctor cuts open the skin
around the face, then lifts the skin up and pulls it back. He cuts off the extra skin and there you
are, ten years younger.
It didn’t seem to bother her. I asked about the pain, and the doctor said not to expect any during
surgery because of the painkiller that he’ll use.
After the surgery, the doctor said there might be four or five days of “discomfort”. That’s what he
called it (he doesn’t use the word “pain”).
Thursday, April 14
We’re going to do it. I love her no matter what. The doctor said it’s important not to expect too
much from the surgery. Susan will look younger – that’s all. It’s not going to bring her instant
happiness. Susan understands this. She just wants to look as young as she feels. I just hope
she won’t find a younger man. Maybe I should ask the doctor if he can do anything about my
bald head.
Wednesday, April 20
The doctor wanted to know about Susan’s lifestyle. She’s “smoke-free” and feeling good. Plus,
she’s more or less at her ideal weight. The doctor wanted to know how she felt about her face
looking pretty bad after surgery and said she’s in good shape physically and mentally, and I
agree. We have to wait two weeks from today. I’m starting to wonder what she’s going to look
like.
Thursday, May 5
Today’s the big day. Susan will be in surgery for about six hours. It was interesting to watch the
doctor take a pen and mark up her face, drawing lines for the knife to follow. Knife! Poor Susan.
I hope she’ll be OK.
Thursday, May 19
What a crazy time it’s been! But she looks fifteen years younger, and she feels great. The
doctor says she’ll look this way for about ten years more. If Susan wants to do this again, why
not? I think it’s worth it.
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• Discuss these questions.
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V. WRITING SKILL
EX. 1 What do you believe: that cosmetic surgery is a good way to look
more like the ideal man or woman or that one’s appearance is not
as important as the beauty inside a person? Write an email giving
advice to a friend who is thinking about having cosmetic surgery.
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
EX. 2 How did you feel about your appearance when you were a
teenager? Which appearance do you prefer, the teenage one or the
current one?
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
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VI. FURTHER EXERCISES
LISTENING
EX. 1 People are talking about how their friends have changed. What do
their friends look like now? Listen and check the correct picture.
EX. 2 Listen again. Are these statements TRUE or FALSE? Check the
correct answer.
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TAPESCRIPT
1
A: I just ran into Mary. Wow! She’s really changed!
B: Really?
A: Oh, yeah. She used to look really wild. You know, with all that big hair and makeup? And
that leather jacket?
B: Su re. I remember.
A: Well, that’s all gone. Now she wears plain blouses, and her hair is much neater.
B: Weird. Do you know why she changed?
A: Yeah. She’s going to college now, so she wanted a different look.
2.
A: Betty’s dressing differently these days.
B: Oh, really?
A: Yeah. I think it’s a change for the better. That blue suit she used to wear wasn’t so great.
B: Yes, I thought the same thing.
A: Now she’s wearing this fantastic red suit.
B: So, why the change?
A: I guess her new job has a better salary, so she can afford to buy some new clothes.
3.
A: Have you seen Jerry lately?
B: No. Why?
A: Well, he’s really changed his look. He used to have that preppy look— you know, the tan
pants and shirts with collars. And short hair.
B: And now?
A: Now he’s got long hair, in a ponytail. And he always wears black.
B: Interesting. What made him change?
A: I heard his new girlfriend asked him to do it.
4.
A: David’s really changed the way he looks lately.
B: Really?
A: Yeah. I never thought I’d see him dressing the way he does now—the tight blue jeans, the
gold necklaces… He’s even wearing his shirts unbuttoned.
B: No way!
A: It’s true. He used to wear that suit and tie everywhere, but not anymore.
B: What happened?
A: I heard he broke up with his girlfriend.
5.
A: I think Karen looked a lot better before she changed her look.
B: Hmm. What do you mean?
A: Well, first of all, she cut her gorgeous long hair. And she used to wear those great casual
pants. I thought maybe she didn’t even own a dress!
B: That’s true.
A: But now she always wears an expensive suit.
B: Why did she change?
A: She had to. She got a big promotion at work.
6.
A: Have you seen Steve Jones since he graduated from college? He looks so different.
B: Really? How?
A: He wears a suit and tie every day.
B: You’re kidding!
A: I know. lt’s strange. In college, he was always wearing his old jeans and a denim shirt. He
looked so relaxed all the time.
B: What made him change?
A: He found a job at a bank, so he’s got to look good for the customers.
ANSWER KEY
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READING
EX. 1 Fill in each blank with one of the related vocabulary words. Use
each word only once.
Fashion, or clothing style, is always changing. Fashion is never (1)_______. Long skirts, short
skirts, pants for women, makeup for men - these are some of the fashions that come in and out
of style. A style that is (2)_______ one year is out of style the next.
In many countries today, people wear (3)________ fashions most of the time. They sometimes
wear their (4)________ clothing on special days such as holidays. For example, in Japan,
people often wear kimonos, or long silk dresses, on New Year’s Day. Yet fashion is more than
clothing. If you look at fashion magazines, you see many tall, (5)_______ models. These
models show that (6)______ and (7)_______ are an important part of fashion. Many people
(8)_______ fashion models and wish that they could look more like them. As long as people
have the (9)_______ to be beautiful, there will be fashion.
There will always be people who follow the latest styles because they want to look their best
and be more (10)_______. These people think that their (11)_______ is very important. They
will spend much of their time and money trying to look like the (12)________ man or woman.
ANSWER KEY:
1: permanent
2: popular
3: modern
4: traditional
5: slim
6: height
7: weight
8: admire
9: desire
10: attractive
11: appearance
12: ideal
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