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    Experiment No. 8 The Difference Equation

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    Daniel Bobis
    This document discusses signal processing concepts including determining the impulse and step responses of different systems defined by difference equations by plotting the output of filtering operations. It also covers responding to arbitrary inputs by filtering and comparing convolution to filtering by calculating the convolution of impulse responses. The exercises are meant to help understand these signal processing fundamentals.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Experiment No. 8 The Difference Equation

    Uploaded by

    Daniel Bobis
    96 views9 pages
    This document discusses signal processing concepts including determining the impulse and step responses of different systems defined by difference equations by plotting the output of filtering operations. It also covers responding to arbitrary inputs by filtering and comparing convolution to filtering by calculating the convolution of impulse responses. The exercises are meant to help understand these signal processing fundamentals.

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    Experiment No. 8 the Difference Equation

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    This document discusses signal processing concepts including determining the impulse and step responses of different systems defined by difference equations by plotting the output of filtering operations. It also covers responding to arbitrary inputs by filtering and comparing convolution to filtering by calculating the convolution of impulse responses. The exercises are meant to help understand these signal processing fundamentals.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    96 views9 pages

    Experiment No. 8 The Difference Equation

    Uploaded by

    Daniel Bobis
    This document discusses signal processing concepts including determining the impulse and step responses of different systems defined by difference equations by plotting the output of filtering operations. It also covers responding to arbitrary inputs by filtering and comparing convolution to filtering by calculating the convolution of impulse responses. The exercises are meant to help understand these signal processing fundamentals.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 9

    Signals, Spectra and Signal Processing (EC413L1)

    Name: Salut, Frances Raphael Q. Date: August 2, 2016


    Section: EC41FB1 Rating:

    Exercises #04
    The Difference Equation

    Part 1 – Impulse and step response

    >> b = [1];a = [1 -1 0.9];


    >> n = [-20:120];s = [zeros(1,20) 1
    zeros(1,120)];
    >> n = [-20:120];u = [zeros(1,20) ones(1,121)];
    >> x = s;
    >> y = filter(b,a,x);stem(n,y);grid on;axis([1 -1
    -20 120]);

    >> x = u;
    >> y = filter(b,a,x);stem(n,y);grid on;
    axis([1 -1 -20 120]);

    1. For each of the systems defined by difference equations, determine and plot the
    impulse and step response. Use the Copy figure function of the MATLAB to plot the
    output in a separate sheet of paper. Label each plots accordingly.
    For (a):

    >> b = [1];a = [1 -0.6 0.08];


    >> n = [-20:120];s = [zeros(1,20) 1
    zeros(1,120)];
    >> n = [-20:120];u = [zeros(1,20)
    ones(1,121)];
    >> x=s;
    >> y = filter(b,a,x);stem(n,y);grid
    on;axis([1 -1 -20 120]);
    >> title('Impulse Response');
    xlabel('time index'); ylabel('y(n)')

    >> x=u;
    >> y = filter(b,a,x);stem(n,y);grid
    on;axis([1 -1 -20 120]);
    >> title('Step Response');
    xlabel('time index n'); ylabel('y(n)')

    For (b):

    >> b = [2 0 -1];a = [1 -0.7 0.1];


    >> x=s;
    >> n = [-20:120];s = [zeros(1,20) 1
    zeros(1,120)];
    >> n = [-20:120];u = [zeros(1,20)
    ones(1,121)];
    >> y = filter(b,a,x);stem(n,y);grid
    on;axis([1 -1 -20 120]);
    >> title('Impulse Response');
    xlabel('time index'); ylabel('y(n)')
    >> x=u;
    >> y = filter(b,a,x);stem(n,y);grid
    on;axis([1 -1 -20 120]);
    title('Step Response'); xlabel('time
    index n'); ylabel('y(n)')

    For (c):

    >> b = [1 -1 0];a = [1 -4 4];


    >> x=s;
    >> n = [-20:120];s = [zeros(1,20) 1
    zeros(1,120)];
    >> n = [-20:120];u = [zeros(1,20)
    ones(1,121)];
    >> y = filter(b,a,x);stem(n,y);grid
    on;axis([1 -1 -20 120]);
    >> title('Impulse Response');
    xlabel('time index'); ylabel('y(n)')
    >> x=u;
    >> y = filter(b,a,x);stem(n,y);grid
    on;axis([1 -1 -20 120]);
    >> title('Step Response'); xlabel('time
    index n'); ylabel('y(n)')

    For (d):

    >> b = [1 2 1];a = [1 -0.5 0.25];


    >> x=s;
    >> y = filter(b,a,x);stem(n,y);grid
    on;axis([1 -1 -20 120]);
    >> n = [-20:120];s = [zeros(1,20) 1
    zeros(1,120)];
    >> n = [-20:120];u = [zeros(1,20)
    ones(1,121)];
    >> title('Impulse Response');
    xlabel('time index'); ylabel('y(n)')
    >> x=u;
    >> y = filter(b,a,x);stem(n,y);grid
    on;axis([1 -1 -20 120]);
    >> title('Step Response'); xlabel('time
    index n'); ylabel('y(n)')

    Part 2 – Response to any arbitrary


    input

    For (a)

    >> b=[1]; a=[5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0


    0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -5];
    >> n = [-20:120];u = [zeros(1,20)
    ones(1,121)];
    >> n = [-20:120];s = [zeros(1,20)
    1 zeros(1,120)];
    >> x=s;
    >> y = filter(b,a,x);stem(n,y);grid
    on;axis([1 -1 -20 120]);
    >> x=u;
    >> y = filter(b,a,x);stem(n,y);grid
    on;axis([1 -1 -20 120]);

    >> b=[1]; a=[sin(pi*n/25) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0


    00000000000000000000000000
    00000000000000000000000000
    00000000000000000000000000
    0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -sin(pi*n/25)];
    >> n = [-20:120];u = [zeros(1,20) ones(1,121)];
    >> n = [-20:120];s = [zeros(1,20) 1 zeros(1,120)];
    >> x=s;
    >> y = filter(b,a,x);stem(n,y);grid on;axis([1 -1 -20
    120]);

    >> x=u;
    >> y = filter(b,a,x);stem(n,y);grid
    on;axis([1 -1 -20 120]);

    Part 3 – Convolution vs. filtering


    For (a):

    >> b=[1 2]; a=[1 -3 -4];


    >> n = [-15:15];u = [zeros(1,15)
    ones(1,16)];
    >> n = [-15:15];s = [zeros(1,15) 1
    zeros(1,15)];
    >> x=s;
    >> y = filter(b,a,x);stem(n,y);grid
    on;axis([1 -1 -15 15]);

    For (b):
    >> n=[-30:30]; x=(0.5).^n.*(n>=0);
    >> stem(n,x);grid

    For (c):

    >> n = [-15:15];
    x = (0.5).^(n);
    stem(n,x);
    grid on;
    xlabel('time index n');
    ylabel('y(n)');
    title('Impulse response');
    F = conv2(y,x);
    plot(F);
    stem(F);
    grid on;

    For (d):
    >> b = [1];a = [1 -1 0.9];
    >> n = [-15:15];
    >> xlabel('time index n');
    >> ylabel('y(n)');
    >> title('Impulse response');
    >> y = filter(b,a,x);stem(n,y);grid
    on;axis([1 -1 -20 120]);

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