EECS 105 Fall 2003, Lecture 17

Lecture 17:

Common Source/Gate/Drain
Amplifiers

Prof. Niknejad

Department of EECS University of California, Berkeley

EECS 105 Fall 2003, Lecture 17 Prof. A. Niknejad

Lecture Outline

MOS Common Source Amp

Current Source Active Load

Common Gate Amp

Common Drain Amp

Department of EECS University of California, Berkeley

EECS 105 Fall 2003, Lecture 17 Prof. A. Niknejad

Common-Source Amplifier

Isolate DC level

Department of EECS University of California, Berkeley

EECS 105 Fall 2003, Lecture 17 Prof. A. Niknejad

Load-Line Analysis to find Q

VDD − Vout
I RD =
RD

Q
1
5V slope =
ID = 10k
10k

0V
ID =
10k
Department of EECS University of California, Berkeley
EECS 105 Fall 2003, Lecture 17 Prof. A. Niknejad

Small-Signal Analysis

Rin = ∞

Department of EECS University of California, Berkeley

EECS 105 Fall 2003, Lecture 17 Prof. A. Niknejad

Two-Port Parameters:
Generic Transconductance Amp
Rs

+
vs vin Rin Gmvin Rout RL
−

Find Rin, Rout, Gm

Rin = ∞

Gm = g m Rout = ro || RD
Department of EECS University of California, Berkeley
EECS 105 Fall 2003, Lecture 17 Prof. A. Niknejad

Two-Port CS Model

Reattach source and load one-ports:

Department of EECS University of California, Berkeley

EECS 105 Fall 2003, Lecture 17 Prof. A. Niknejad

Maximize Gain of CS Amp

Av = − g m RD || ro

Increase the gm (more current)

Increase RD (free? Don’t need to dissipate extra
power)

Limit: Must keep the device in saturation

VDS = VDD − I D RD > VDS , sat

For a fixed current, the load resistor can only be
chosen so large

To have good swing we’d also like to avoid getting
to close to saturation
Department of EECS University of California, Berkeley
EECS 105 Fall 2003, Lecture 17 Prof. A. Niknejad

Current Source Supply

Solution: Use a
current source!

Current independent
of voltage for ideal
source

Department of EECS University of California, Berkeley

EECS 105 Fall 2003, Lecture 17 Prof. A. Niknejad

CS Amp with Current Source Supply

Department of EECS University of California, Berkeley

EECS 105 Fall 2003, Lecture 17 Prof. A. Niknejad

Load Line for DC Biasing

Both the I-source and the transistor are idealized for DC bias
analysis
Department of EECS University of California, Berkeley
EECS 105 Fall 2003, Lecture 17 Prof. A. Niknejad

Two-Port Parameters
From current
source supply

Rin = ∞
Gm = g m

Rout = ro || roc
Department of EECS University of California, Berkeley
EECS 105 Fall 2003, Lecture 17 Prof. A. Niknejad

P-Channel CS Amplifier

DC bias: VSG = VDD – VBIAS sets drain current –IDp = ISUP

Department of EECS University of California, Berkeley

EECS 105 Fall 2003, Lecture 17 Prof. A. Niknejad

Two-Port Model Parameters

Small-signal model for PMOS and for rest of circuit

Department of EECS University of California, Berkeley

EECS 105 Fall 2003, Lecture 17 Prof. A. Niknejad

Common Gate Amplifier

DC bias:

I SUP = I BIAS = I DS

Department of EECS University of California, Berkeley

EECS 105 Fall 2003, Lecture 17 Prof. A. Niknejad

CG as a Current Amplifier: Find Ai

iout = id = −it

Ai = −1

Department of EECS University of California, Berkeley

EECS 105 Fall 2003, Lecture 17 Prof. A. Niknejad

CG Input Resistance

vgs = −vt

 vt − vout 
At input: it = − g m vgs + g mb vt + 
 ro 
Output voltage: v = −i (r || R ) = i (r || R )
out d oc L t oc L

 vt − ( roc || RL ) it 
it = g m vt + g mb vt + 
 ro 

Department of EECS University of California, Berkeley

EECS 105 Fall 2003, Lecture 17 Prof. A. Niknejad

Approximations…

We have this messy result
1
g m + g mb +
1 it ro
= =
Rin vt roc || RL
1+
ro

But we don’t need that much precision. Let’s start
approximating:
1 RL
g m + g mb >> roc || RL ≈ RL ≈0
ro ro

1
Rin =
g m + g mb

Department of EECS University of California, Berkeley

EECS 105 Fall 2003, Lecture 17 Prof. A. Niknejad

CG Output Resistance

vs vs − vt
− g m vgs − (− g mb vs ) + =0
RS ro

 1 1  vt
vs  + g m + g mb +  =
 RS ro  ro

Department of EECS University of California, Berkeley

EECS 105 Fall 2003, Lecture 17 Prof. A. Niknejad

CG Output Resistance

Substituting vs = itRS
 1 1  vt
it RS  + g m + g mb +  =
 RS ro  ro

The output resistance is (vt / it)|| roc

  ro 
Rout = roc ||  RS  + g m ro + g mb ro + 1 
 RS 
  

Department of EECS University of California, Berkeley

EECS 105 Fall 2003, Lecture 17 Prof. A. Niknejad

Approximating the CG Rout

Rout = roc || [ro + g m ro RS + g mb ro RS + RS ]

The exact result is complicated, so let’s try to
make it simpler:
g m ≈ 500µS g mb ≈ 50µS ro ≈ 200kΩ

Rout ≅ roc || [ro + g m ro RS + RS ]

Assuming the source resistance is less than ro,

Rout ≈ roc || [ro + g m ro RS ] = roc || [ro (1 + g m RS )]

Department of EECS University of California, Berkeley
EECS 105 Fall 2003, Lecture 17 Prof. A. Niknejad

CG Two-Port Model

Function: a current buffer

• Low Input Impedance
• High Output Impedance

Department of EECS University of California, Berkeley

EECS 105 Fall 2003, Lecture 17 Prof. A. Niknejad

Common-Drain Amplifier

W 1
I DS = µCox (VGS − VT ) 2
L 2

2 I DS
VGS = VT +
W
µCox
L Weak IDS dependence

Department of EECS University of California, Berkeley

EECS 105 Fall 2003, Lecture 17 Prof. A. Niknejad

CD Voltage Gain

Note vgs = vt – vout vout

= g m vgs − g mb vout
roc || ro
vout
= g m ( vt − vout ) − g mb vout
roc || ro
Department of EECS University of California, Berkeley
EECS 105 Fall 2003, Lecture 17 Prof. A. Niknejad

CD Voltage Gain (Cont.)

vout
KCL at source node: = g m ( vt − vout ) − g mb vout
roc || ro

 1 
 + g mb + g m  vout = g m vt
 roc || ro 

Voltage gain (for vSB not zero):

vout gm
=
vin 1
+ g mb + g m
roc || ro
vout gm
≈ ≈1
vin g mb + g m
Department of EECS University of California, Berkeley
EECS 105 Fall 2003, Lecture 17 Prof. A. Niknejad

CD Output Resistance

Sum currents at output (source) node:

vt
Rout = ro || roc || it = g m vt + g mb vt
it
1
Rout ≈
g m + g mb
Department of EECS University of California, Berkeley
EECS 105 Fall 2003, Lecture 17 Prof. A. Niknejad

CD Output Resistance (Cont.)

ro || roc is much larger than the inverses of the
transconductances
ignore
1
Rout ≈
g m + g mb

Function: a voltage buffer

• High Input Impedance
• Low Output Impedance
Department of EECS University of California, Berkeley
EECS 105 Fall 2003, Lecture 17 Prof. A. Niknejad

Department of EECS University of California, Berkeley