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    Error of Closure

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    praisejah moyo
    The document discusses concepts related to transverse computation and surveying including: 1. Transverse lines connect successive points determined from field measurements and define latitudes and departures. Latitude is a line's projection onto the reference meridian and departure is its projection onto the reference parallel. 2. Error of closure is the unknown line connecting the initial and final stations of a traverse. It is calculated using the closures in latitude and departure. 3. Traverse adjustment methods like the compass rule and transit rule are used to balance observed latitudes and departures of lines by applying corrections based on proportional distances or closures. This improves the accuracy of the adjusted values.

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    Error of Closure

    Uploaded by

    praisejah moyo
    337 views5 pages
    The document discusses concepts related to transverse computation and surveying including: 1. Transverse lines connect successive points determined from field measurements and define latitudes and departures. Latitude is a line's projection onto the reference meridian and departure is its projection onto the reference parallel. 2. Error of closure is the unknown line connecting the initial and final stations of a traverse. It is calculated using the closures in latitude and departure. 3. Traverse adjustment methods like the compass rule and transit rule are used to balance observed latitudes and departures of lines by applying corrections based on proportional distances or closures. This improves the accuracy of the adjusted values.

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    The document discusses concepts related to transverse computation and surveying including: 1. Transverse lines connect successive points determined from field measurements and define latitudes and departures. Latitude is a line's projection onto the reference meridian and departure is its projection onto the reference parallel. 2. Error of closure is the unknown line connecting the initial and final stations of a traverse. It is calculated using the closures in latitude and departure. 3. Traverse adjustment methods like the compass rule and transit rule are used to balance observed latitudes and departures of lines by applying corrections based on proportional distances or closures. This improves the accuracy of the adjusted values.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    337 views5 pages

    Error of Closure

    Uploaded by

    praisejah moyo
    The document discusses concepts related to transverse computation and surveying including: 1. Transverse lines connect successive points determined from field measurements and define latitudes and departures. Latitude is a line's projection onto the reference meridian and departure is its projection onto the reference parallel. 2. Error of closure is the unknown line connecting the initial and final stations of a traverse. It is calculated using the closures in latitude and departure. 3. Traverse adjustment methods like the compass rule and transit rule are used to balance observed latitudes and departures of lines by applying corrections based on proportional distances or closures. This improves the accuracy of the adjusted values.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    of 5

    Transversing and Transverse Computation

    Transverse

     a series of lines connecting successive points whose lengths and directions have
    been determined from field measurements

    Latitudes and Departures

    N (+) B

    Lat. AB ʆab

    W (-) E (+)

    Reference line A Dep. AB

    Reference line

    S (-)

    Latitude of a Line

     Its projection onto the reference meridian or a north-south line


     Northings or Southings

    Departure of a Line

     Its projection onto the reference parallel or an east-west line.

    Error of Closure
    Linear Error of Closure (L.E.C.)

     A short line of unknown length and direction connecting the initial and final station
    of the traverse. It is approximately determined by plotting the traverse to scale, or
    more exactly by computing hypotenuse of a right triangle whose side are the closure
    in latitudes and closure in departures respectively.

    LEC = CL2 + CD2


    TAN Ө= -CD
    -CL
    Where:
    C L = Closure in latitude or the algebraic sum of North and South latitudes.
    C D = Closure in departure or the algebraic sum of East and West departures.
    Ө = bearing angle of the side of error.

    Sample Problem:
    Given in the accompanying tabulation are the observed data for a closed traverse obtained from a
    transit-tape survey. Determine the following quantities: latitude and departure of each course, linear
    error of closure, and the bearing of the side of error. Tabulate observed and computed values according
    to the usual format.

    Line Length(m) Azimuth from Latitude Departure Bearing


    North
    +N -S +E -W
    AB 233.10 S 1220301 E 125.24 196.59 S 590 301 E
    BC 242.05 N 850151 E 20.04 241.22 N 200001 E
    CD 191.50 N 200001 E 179.95 65.50 N 850151 E
    DE 234.46 S 3330351 W 209.98 104.31 N 260251W
    EF 270.65 S 2540081 W 74.00 260.34 S 440081W
    FA 252.38 S 2130001 W 211.66 137.46 S 330001 W

    ∑NL= 409.97 ∑SL= -410.90 ∑ED= 503.31 ∑WD= -502.11

    CL= ∑NL+∑SL
    = 409.97+ (-410.90)
    CL=-0.93m

    CD=∑ED+∑WD
    =503.31+ (-502.11)
    CD=1.20m

    LEC = CL2 + CD2


    LEC= (-0.93)2+ (1.20)2
    LEC= 1.52m
    tanӨ = -CD
    -CL
    = -1.20
    0.93
    = -1.29m
    Ө= 52°13127.34ll
    Bearing = N 520 131 W

    Traverse Adjustment
    Compass Rule
    Cl= CL(d/D) Cd= CD(d/D)

    Where:
    Cl= Correction to be applied to the latitude of any course
    Cd= Correction to the applied to the departure of any course
    d= Length of any course
    D=Total length or perimeter of traverse

    Lat’= Compute Lat. ± Cl


    Dep’= Compute Dep. ± Cd

    L’= √(Latitude)2+ (Departure)2

    tanʆ= Departure’
    Latitude ‘

    L’= Adjusted length of a course


    Lat’= Adjusted latitude
    Dep’= Adjusted departure
    Ө= Adjusted horizontal angle bet the reference meridian and a course
    Sample Problem:
    Given the tabulation of observed data from a survey, determine the latitudes & departures of each
    course and balance these quantities by employing the compass rule. Also determine the lines error of
    closure, bearing of the side of error, adjusted length and bearing of each course. Tabulate value
    accordingly.

    Line Distance Bearing Latitude Departure Correction Adj. Latitude Adj. Departure Adj. Adj.
    Length Bearing
    +N -S +N -S Lat. Dep +N -S +E -N
    .
    AB 495.85 N5°30’E 493.57 47.53 1.67 1.79 491.70 45.74 494.02 N5°19’E
    BC 850.62 N46°02’E 590.53 612.23 2.36 3.08 587.67 609.15 846.442 N46°02’E
    CD 855.45 S67°38E 325.53 791.09 2.88 3.09 328.41 788.00 858.43 S67°23’E
    DE 1020.87 S12°25’E 996.99 219.51 3.43 3.69 1000.42 215..82 1023.43 S12°10’E
    EF 117.26 S83°44’W 121.96 1110 3.76 4.04 125.72 1114.60 1121.67 S83°34’W
    FA 660.08 N55°09’W 377.19 541 2.22 2.39 374.97 544.09 660.78 N55°26’W
    5,000.13 1,461.29 1,444.48 1.65
    Transit Rule
    Cl= Lat (CL) Cd= Dep (CD)

    ∑NL-∑SL ∑ED-∑WD

    Sample Problem:
    Given the tabulation of observed data from a survey, determine the latitudes & departures of each
    course and balance these quantities by employing the transit rule. Also determine the lines error of
    closure, bearing of the side of error, adjusted length and bearing of each course. Tabulate value
    accordingly.

    Line Distance Bearing Latitude Departure Correction Adj. Latitude Adj. Departure Adj. Adj.
    Length Bearing
    +N -S +N -S Adj. Adj. +N -S +E -N
    Lat. Dep
    .
    AB 495.85 N5°30’E 493.57 47.53 2.86 1.79 491.70 45.74 494.02 N5°19’E
    BC 850.62 N46°02’E 590.53 612.23 3.42 3.33 587.67 609.15 846.442 N46°02’E
    CD 855.45 S67°38E 325.53 791.09 1.88 4.31 328.41 788.00 858.43 S67°23’E
    DE 1020.87 S12°25’E 996.99 219.51 5.77 1.19 1000.42 215..82 1023.43 S12°10’E
    EF 117.26 S83°44’W 121.96 1110 0.70 6.04 125.72 1114.60 1121.67 S83°34’W
    FA 660.08 N55°09’W 377.19 541 2.18 2.15 374.97 544.09 660.78 N55°26’W
    5,000.13 1,461.29 1,444.48 1.65

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