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    Surface Finish Definitions

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    Antonio
    The document discusses various methods for measuring surface finish, including arithmetic average roughness (Ra), geometric average roughness (Rq), peak height (Rpk), and valley depth (Rvk). Ra is the most common measurement that provides a simple value for accept/reject decisions, while Rq is more sensitive to occasional highs and lows. Improved methods also examine the surface profile type, as the same Ra value can produce different seal performance depending on the peak or valley structure. The document provides conversion tables and examples of different surface measurement parameters and their visualization.

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    Surface Finish Definitions

    Uploaded by

    Antonio
    132 views2 pages
    The document discusses various methods for measuring surface finish, including arithmetic average roughness (Ra), geometric average roughness (Rq), peak height (Rpk), and valley depth (Rvk). Ra is the most common measurement that provides a simple value for accept/reject decisions, while Rq is more sensitive to occasional highs and lows. Improved methods also examine the surface profile type, as the same Ra value can produce different seal performance depending on the peak or valley structure. The document provides conversion tables and examples of different surface measurement parameters and their visualization.

    Original Description:

    Roughness

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    The document discusses various methods for measuring surface finish, including arithmetic average roughness (Ra), geometric average roughness (Rq), peak height (Rpk), and valley depth (Rvk). Ra is the most common measurement that provides a simple value for accept/reject decisions, while Rq is more sensitive to occasional highs and lows. Improved methods also examine the surface profile type, as the same Ra value can produce different seal performance depending on the peak or valley structure. The document provides conversion tables and examples of different surface measurement parameters and their visualization.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    132 views2 pages

    Surface Finish Definitions

    Uploaded by

    Antonio
    The document discusses various methods for measuring surface finish, including arithmetic average roughness (Ra), geometric average roughness (Rq), peak height (Rpk), and valley depth (Rvk). Ra is the most common measurement that provides a simple value for accept/reject decisions, while Rq is more sensitive to occasional highs and lows. Improved methods also examine the surface profile type, as the same Ra value can produce different seal performance depending on the peak or valley structure. The document provides conversion tables and examples of different surface measurement parameters and their visualization.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 2

    Aerospace Engineering Guide

    Surface Finish (Measurement Methods)


    Ra - Arithmetic Average Roughness Table V Surface Finish Conversion Table
    Roughness averages are the most commonly used
    Ra, AA, CLA Rq or RMS German-
    parameters because they provide a simple value for
    accept/reject decisions. Arithmetic average roughness, or English Metric English Swiss
    Ra, is the arithmetic average height of (min.) (mm) (min.) Norm1)
    roughness-component irregularities (peak heights and
    valleys) from the mean line, measured within the sampling 0.9 0.02 1.0
    length, L. See figure 29. 1.0 0.03 1.1 N1
    1.8 0.05 2.0
    The measurements are taken as the fine point of the stylus 2.0 0.05 2.2 N2
    on a profilometer which traverses the sampling length on 3.6 0.09 4.0
    the surface being measured. 4.0 0.10 4.4 N3
    5.4 0.14 6.0
    7.2 0.18 8.0
    8.0 0.20 8.9 N4
    Peak
    10.8 0.28 12.0
    Y1 Y2 Y3 Y4 Y5 Y6 Y7 Y8 14.4 0.37 16.0
    16.0 0.41 17.8 N5
    28.8 0.73 32.0
    Ra Rq
    32.0 0.81 35.5 N6
    56.8 1.44 63.0
    63.0 1.60 69.9 N7

    Û Ra : Arithmeric average roughness


    X L AA : Arithmeric average
    CLA : Center Line Average
    Rq : Geometric average roughness
    RMS : Root-mean-square
    Valley Mean line
    1) The German-Swiss Norm is a series of roughness-grade
    L numbers used to avoid confusion with numerical values of

    Ra = 1
    L
    q |y(x) |dx other types.

    0 Improved Measurement Methods


    The Ra measurement does not give a true picture of the real
    n surface profile. The finish process plays a very important

    Rq = ¯q
    1
    L
    L

    0
    Y z(x )dx
    role in the outcome. In particular, the open profile ”Peak
    Structure” can seriously affect seal performance, as its
    jagged structure can cut and nick the seal surface. On the
    other hand the closed profile form ”valley structure”, gives
    improved seal performance, because the valleys retain fluid
    Y = individual measured peak height and lubricate the running seal surface. Please see Table VI.

    Figure 29 Surface Finish - Ra Versus Rq Table VI Ra Comparison

    Rq - Geometric Average Roughness Surface Profile Ra


    Rq is the current term for what was formerly called
    root-mean-square or RMS. Rq is more sensitive to occasional
    highs and lows, making it a valuable complement to Ra. Rq 0.2
    is the geometric average height of roughness-component
    irregularities from the mean line measured within the
    sampling length, L. Compare to Ra in Table V.
    The main difference in the two scales is that Rq amplifies
    occasional high or low readings, while Ra simply averages 0.2
    them. For a given surface, therefore, the Rq value will be
    higher than the Ra value (by approximately 11%). That is,
    a surface finish that measures Rq 0.5 Pm is equivalent to
    approximately Ra 0.45 Pm. Even with identical Ra values, the resulting seal
    performance will be very different.

    Latest information available at www.tss.trelleborg.com


    Edition April 2008
    21
    Aerospace Engineering Guide

    An improved surface measurement method is described in the new ISO 13565-1 / -2 / -3, including the peak, valley and material
    ratios as described below.

    RPK
    Equivalent
    straight line

    RK
    RVK
    0 20 40 60 80 100 %
    Mr1 Mr2
    Material ratio Mr

    Figure 30 Abbot Curve


    Rk (Core Roughness) Rvk (Reduced valley depth)
    The core roughness depth is the depth of the roughness The reduced valley depth Rvk is the average depth of the
    core profile. profile valleys projecting through the roughness core
    Mr (Material Ratio) profile.
    Mr1 in % The harder the material the more important it is to reduce
    The material portion Mr1 is determined by the intersecting the peak height Rpk. If mating surface is ceramic, the Rpk
    line which separates the protruding peaks from the value must be down to 0.05 Pmm because the hard peaks
    roughness core profile. will cut into the seal surface.
    Mr2 in % Other surface parameters are skewnesss and kurtosis, which
    The material portion Mr2 is determined by the intersecting give a more detailed picture of the surface. For explanation
    line which separates the valleys from the roughness core see Figure 31 below.
    profile.
    Rpk (Reduced peak height)
    The reduced peak height Rpk is the average height of the
    protruding peaks above the roughness core profile.
    Profile Distribution

    Negative skew

    Positive skew

    Leptokurtic
    (>3)

    Platykurtic
    (<3)

    Figure 31 Surface Measurement Visualized

    Latest information available at www.tss.trelleborg.com


    Edition April 2008
    22

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