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    Dna Replication

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    Rachel Renee
    DNA replication occurs in the nucleus during interphase and involves the unwinding and separation of the DNA double helix. The two strands then act as templates for new complementary strands to be synthesized in a semi-conservative manner, with DNA polymerase adding nucleotides to the 3' end of the growing nucleic acid chain. Ligase then seals the DNA strands, producing two identical copies of the original DNA molecule.

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    Dna Replication

    Uploaded by

    Rachel Renee
    32 views3 pages
    DNA replication occurs in the nucleus during interphase and involves the unwinding and separation of the DNA double helix. The two strands then act as templates for new complementary strands to be synthesized in a semi-conservative manner, with DNA polymerase adding nucleotides to the 3' end of the growing nucleic acid chain. Ligase then seals the DNA strands, producing two identical copies of the original DNA molecule.

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    DNA replication occurs in the nucleus during interphase and involves the unwinding and separation of the DNA double helix. The two strands then act as templates for new complementary strands to be synthesized in a semi-conservative manner, with DNA polymerase adding nucleotides to the 3' end of the growing nucleic acid chain. Ligase then seals the DNA strands, producing two identical copies of the original DNA molecule.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    32 views3 pages

    Dna Replication

    Uploaded by

    Rachel Renee
    DNA replication occurs in the nucleus during interphase and involves the unwinding and separation of the DNA double helix. The two strands then act as templates for new complementary strands to be synthesized in a semi-conservative manner, with DNA polymerase adding nucleotides to the 3' end of the growing nucleic acid chain. Ligase then seals the DNA strands, producing two identical copies of the original DNA molecule.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    of 3

    DNA REPLICATION

    -Occurs in nucleus of eukaryotic cells

    -Occurs during interphase (before mitosis/meiosis)

    1. The 2 strands of DNA must first separate.


    2. HELICASE unzips or unwinds the DNA strand by breaking hydrogen bonds between
    bases
    3. Single stranded binding proteins bind to the strands keeping them apart
    4. Replication is Semi-Conservative, so each strand acts as a template for the formation of
    the new strands
    5. PRIMASE creates primers (made of RNA) on both strands which act as markers as to
    where replication should begin.
    6. To build the strands, free nucleotides with matching bases must bond to the original
    strands.
    7. DNA POLYMERASE can only work in 5’-3’ direction because it can only add
    nucleotides to the 3’ end (leading strand). So it catalyses the joining of nucleotides to
    make the 5’-3’ strand. This is called the leading strand
    8. RNA primase sends more primers out to Lagging strands (3’ to 5’)
    9. The Primers are replaced by DNA nucleotides
    10. LIGASE catalyses the joining to form the 3’-5’ strand
    11. Duplicated strands separate from each other as identical copies of each other
    IMPORTANT DEFINITIONS
     TRIPLET- a sequence of 3 bases of DNA which codes for 1 amino acid
     CODON- a sequence of 3 bases of mRNA which code for 1 amino acid
     ANTI CODON- a sequence of 3 bases of tRNA which correspond to a particular mRNA codon

    PROTEIN SYNTHESIS
    This occurs in the ribosomes and involves the assembly of amino acids to form polypeptide
    chains which form proteins

    STAGES
    1.TRANSCRIPTION
    - RNA POLYMERASE catalyses the unwinding of 2 DNA strands by breaking H bases.
    - The coding strand acts as a template for the copying of a mRNA strand.
    - Free RNA nucleotides attach to DNA bases by base pairing.
    - Formation of this new strand is also catalyzed by RNA POLYMERASE
    - Every sequence of 3 bases on mRNA is called CODON. Each codon codes for1 amino acid.
    In summary, the DNA base sequence has been copied to a complementary sequence of bases on mRNA.
    - The mRNA strand leaves the nucleus, passes through the cytoplasm and to a ribosome
    - The DNA strand rewinds into a helix

    - There are many types of tRNA


    - Each tRNA has a different sequence of bases. Every sequence of 3 bases is called
    ANTICODON
    - The anticodon determines which amino acid joins to the tRNA
    2.TRANSLATION
    - Both mRNA’s and tRNA’s are in the ribosome.
    - Each codon of mRNA is attracted to the anticodons of tRNA by base pairing
    - Because rRNA’s carry amino acids, this results in the buildup of amino acids
    - Peptide bonds form between amino acids, forming a polypeptide chain
    This is the primary structure of the protein
    - tRNA then detaches from amino acid.
    In summary, the mRNA base sequence has been translated into a specific sequence of amino acids.

    3.PROTEIN PRODUCED
    The polypeptide is processed by the rough.e.r and golgi apparatus to make the final protein molecule.

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