International Conference on Mathematics, Science, and Education 2015 (ICMSE 2015)

DEVELOPMENT OF VIRTUAL LABORATORIES MATERIALS Eubacteria BIOLOGY IN LEARNING

Endah Rita Sulistya Dewi a and Prasetiyo b

ab
FPMIPATI University PGRI Semarang,50124, Indonesia

ABSTRACT

Virtual laboratory (virtual lab) is one of the flagship product results and laboratory information technology advances,
given the virtual lab contained in the blend between the development of computer software that is designed to represent
an alternative to the laboratory so that it can be implemen ted practical implementation directly. Applying the principle
of classification to classify archaebacteria and eubacteria based on the characteristics and shape through rigorous and
systematic observation, selected materials on the Gram staining process in bacteria which aims to find groups of
bacteria including Gram Positive or Negative groups are important in the classification process through a virtual the lab.
The learning process, it is possible that the virtual lab is also used as a means to internalize the values of character. This
research aims to produce instructional media virtual biology lab oriented form of character building through the
development process. The research method is a research and development refers to the flow of Borg and Gall (1989).
The results of this research that is the use of virtual media lab test results postal value increased compared to pre-test,
but the analysis of N-gain is still quite low at 0.2. Character discipline and cooperation is good categories.

Keywords: Virtual Laboratory, Eubacteria, character

INTRODUCTION research cost savings can be made, as well as

research that previously was not possible, and the
Virtual laboratory can be called he term limited conditioning system can be done
Virtual Labs are a series of laboratory equipment (mazguru.wordpress.com/2012/04/.../ayo-
in the form of software (software) computer-based advantage of laboratory-virtu-..)
interactive multimedia, which is operated by The bacteria can be found in almost every
computer and can simulate the activity in the type of environment on earth, from the sea floor,
laboratory if user on the actual lab. Potential of in the rocks, and the mainland. Because the effect
virtual laboratories to provide a significantly of small size and its ability to reproduce very
improved and more effective learning experience. quickly, the bacteria became the most abundant
Development of a virtual laboratory is expected to living things on earth. According to Campbell,
solve the problems of learning experienced by at.al., (2006), bacteria are divided into two major
learners and overcome problems in the groups, namely archaebacteria and eubacteria.
procurement of equipment and the cost of Archaebacteria is a primitive bacteria that
materials used to conduct practical activities for are prokaryotic. Archaebacteria also known as the
schools that are less capable. With multimedia ancient bacteria. These bacteria live in habitats
learning in the form of a virtual laboratory, in case with extreme conditions, such as hot springs and
the benefits can be obtained is the learning high salinity areas. Archaebacteria have special
process more interesting, more interactive, the features as follows. 1) the cell walls do not
amount of teaching time can be reduced, the contain peptidoglycan., 2) cell membrane lipids
quality of learning can be improved and teaching consist of bond. 3) Ribosomnya contains several
learning process can be done anywhere and types of RNA-polymerase.
anytime. In addition, through virtual laboratories,

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 International Conference on Mathematics, Science, and Education 2015 (ICMSE 2015)

Eubacteria (True Bacteria) is a bacteria

with prokaryotic properties. There are normal 1.1. Material
habitats with special features as below.1) Computer equipment and software.
containing peptidoglycan cell wall. 2) plasma 1.2. Method
membrane lipids containing ester bond. 3) The steps performed in this study refers to
Ribosomnya contain one type of RNA- Borg and Gall (1989) in (Syaodih 2009), as
polymerase. Eubacteria are known as true bacteria follows:
or bacterial indeed. Eubacteria were divided into 1.2.1. Previous Study
five groups, namely Proteobacteria, gram positive a. The collection of data and
bacteria, Spirochetes, Chlamydias, and information.
Cyanobacteria. In this phase, the researchers
Bacteria can be classified by gram collected information on issues
staining method into 2 major groups, namely related to learning used the
gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. This laboratory, students' views on the
staining distinguishes bacteria based on the character and virtual media lab in
physical and chemical characteristics of its cell schools Semarang, especially
wall. Gram stain covers 3 main. processes, namely vocational school, the information
staining with crystal violet, decolorization obtained by means of surveys,
(deletion color) with ethyl alcohol or acetone, and interviews (students and teachers) as
counterstaining or administration of contrast dye well as literature. Of the information
fukhsin water uses (Hadioetomo, 1985). used as the basis of research to
Learning character who implemented the determine what types of products that
teacher gives the students a chance to get to know, will be used by researchers in solving
feel and perform the character's behavior in the problems.
learning process. This is in accordance with the b. Planning research
opinion of Megawati (2003) that the character In this step the researcher choose
education through three stages: the stage of moral schedule of the research, product
knowing, or knowing whether the behavior of the knowledge will be resulted and
characters, stages of moral feeling or sense of development step.
character and moral behavior or action stage of 1.3. Development steps
implementing the behavior of characters. a. The Development of Draft Products
The purpose of this study is to produce a The results of extracting information
form of learning media-oriented virtual biology used as the basic to determine the
lab character building through the development learning products in the form of virtual
process. media lab that character integrated.
Biology lesson materials inserted in the b. The Expert Validation
media virtual learning biology lab is expected to In the expert validation, the draft
be more interested in motivating students to learn submitted by an expert to get advice and
the lessons that allow students to mensarikan, the suggestion for giving correction.
characters are highlighted and moral messages are c. The First Revision
delivered. The assessment was conducted during The first revision will be submitted by
the learning process and to determine the extent to an expert which is used as the basic of
which students know the concepts of matter and the completion virtual media lab that are
the integration of the expected character. planned.
d. The Limitation of Trial
MATERIAL AND METHODS

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 International Conference on Mathematics, Science, and Education 2015 (ICMSE 2015)

The correction results of the product that tested once. The objective formula used
are planned, then it tested in the limited the formula KR 21 as follows:
scope or small classes, for example, one
of Semarang high school.
e. The Second Revision Specification:
The result of limited test is used to k: the item number
correct the virtual media lab that are M: average total score
planned. So, it is used to do the trial in Vt: total Variance
large scale. r11: Reliability Instruments
f. The Large Scale Trial
In the large-scale trial, the virtual media r11 value obtained were compared with
lab is tested to aim for getting rtable. If R11> rtable test item will be
theinformation about the effect of that reliable and it can be used as the instrumet
virtual media lab to get character research.
buildings and the result of students’ c. Feasibility of Virtual Media Lab
learning. To determine the feasibility of virtual
1.4. The Data Analysis media lab analysis performed in this
a. Validity study by the formula:
To produce the learning set and a valid
observation instrument that is performed
the content and construct validation. The Criteria:
validation is done by involving the 83.5-100% = very feasible
proffesional experts in their field. 63.5 to 83% = worth
44.5 to 63% = less feasible
25-44% = worthless
d. Character Analysis and Study Result
To determine the extent of the
effectiveness of using the virtual media
lab for the character and the students’
(Arikunto, 2002)
study result, then the calculation is done
Specification:
with the g-factor (N-gains).
rxy = correlation coefficient between x
and y
N = number of students
x = the item score Specification:
y = total score item Spost = post-test scores
Spre = pre-test scores
The value of rxy obtained were Smax = maximum score
compared with rtable. If rxy> rtabel the
item will be valid and it can be used as Gain level criteria are:
the instrument of the research. g ≤ 0.30: Low
0.30 <g ≤ 0.70: being
b. Reliability
The reability measurement was 0.70 <g: high
conducted to determine the accuracy of
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
the instrument evaluation to measure the
accuracy of the students answer that

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 International Conference on Mathematics, Science, and Education 2015 (ICMSE 2015)

The limitationsinfrastructure’s school in classification process with the media virtual

the implementation practicum can be lab. In addition to the Gram staining process
circumvented by using of instructional media known bacterial groups based on the color,
such as virtual labs. According to Saleh while it is known that bacteria form. Forms of
(2010), because of the virtual lab is combined bacteria are often used as one basis for
between the development of software bacterial identification. Because the bacteria
computer that is designed to representation a are very small size, which is only a few
laboratory, can be conducted as theother microns which is equivalent to 0,001 mm of
alternative practical implementation directly. which the smallest is approximately 1/10 - 100
Virtual lab-based learning can be used as an mm then to see him have to use a microscope
alternative to eliminate the limitations of with a magnification of at least 1600 times.
laboratory devices. Structure of a bacterial cell is composed
Virtual lab as an innovation product of cell walls and cell contents. The outermost
based on computer instructional media is very surface of the capsule is protected by a layer of
useful as a media forsafe and cheap teaching. mucus that also serves as a food reserve.
Meanwhile, Suyatna (2009) states thatbecause However, for disease-causing bacteria, this
the product the virtual computer lab is capsule works to infect its host (virulence
delivered with this technology effectively to power). As the layers of the cell wall in which
teach the concepts of abstract. Computers are there is a very rigid so that it can provide a
used effectively as a tool for the simulation form of the bacteria itself, also serves to
lab. protect the cell contents. The cell walls do not
Abstract learning materials include contain cellulose, but is composed of
bacterial material. Antonie Van Leuwenhook hemicellulose and pectin compounds
(1632 -1723), in Campbell, at.al., (2006) is a containing nitrogen and closer to animal cells
Dutchman, who the first succeed to see these than plant cells. Based on the cell wall,
tiny creatures called animalkulus currently bacteria are divided into two, namely gram-
known as bacteria. The term is derived from positive bacteria (color arises when colored
the bacteria which means bakterion rods. with ink) and gram-negative bacteria (does not
Bacteria are living groups is very small, single- appear when stained with ink color).
celled.
The material of bacterial taught for
vocational school of class X which is at the
odd semester. Generally associated with the
implementation of learning material of bacteria
that are abstract, students are not too
enthusiastic to learn, supported the condition
of the school is still
limited completeness laboratory device, then
through a 3.4 KD. Applying the principle of
classification to classify archaebacteria and
eubacteria based on the characteristics and
Figure 1 Bacterial Cells
shapes through rigorou and systematic (Anonymous, 1995)
observation, selected materials on the Gram For the purposes of observation of
staining process in bacteria which aims to find
bacteria that require equipment such as
groups of bacteria including Gram Positive or microscopes with high specification and
Negative groups are important in the

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introduction of bacteria for classification / lab and outside the classroom / lab. Wide
purposes dipelukan materials such as crystal scale test results show that student learning
violet (primary stain), lugol solution (to fix the outcomes have not been significant. This
crystal violet in the cell wall), ethyl alcohol, condition is indicated by the results of the
acetone, alcohol 96% (for decolorization), Air analysis of N-gain value is 0.2, which means
fukhsin or safranin (contrast staining) are not still low, but seen from the results of the pre-
cheap price, then the virtual media lab be an test and post-test scores increased from 3055
alternative solution. into 3191 scores.

Table 1. Results of the N-Gain Value

Calculation
No Data N-gain
1 Pre Test 3055 0,2
2 Pos Test 3191
3 Maximum 3800
score

Figure 2 Main Structure in the Outer Cell Wall The effect of using virtual media
(Anonymous, 1995) laboratory to the value of the student's
character, indicates the character of discipline
Anatomical conditions bacteria can be and responsibility can be increased. It can be
displayed in the virtual media lab clearly so as seen from the
to attract the students to learn the material behavior of students who increasingly
better than before. The characters that will be understand the rules in carrying out practical
developed in the media is the responsibility of, activities and cooperate with friends in the
care in observation and experimentation and group more visible.
collaboration in accordance Core Competency
2 Living and practicing honest behavior,
discipline, responsibility, caring (mutual
assistance, cooperation, tolerance, peace),
polite, responsive and proactive and
demonstrate behaviors as part of the solution to
various problems in interacting effectively
with the social and natural environment as well
as in placing itself as a reflection of the nation Figure 3. Initial View Virtual Laboratory
in the association world. 2.1 Basic
competency. Scientific behave: conscientious,
diligent, honest fit the data and facts,
discipline, responsibility, and care in
observation and experimentation, daring and
polite in asking questions and arguing, caring
environment, mutual cooperation,
collaboration, peace-loving, argue
scientifically and critically , responsive and
proactive in every action and in making
observations and experiments in the classroom

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 International Conference on Mathematics, Science, and Education 2015 (ICMSE 2015)

Figure 6. Referral use of the Autoklaf

CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

Learning with character-oriented virtual biology

lab is expected to encourage students to be more
interested in the material being taught and that
internality character values. The value of the
displayed character discipline and cooperation is
good.

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Figure 4. Virtual Laboratory in the options menu
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Campbell, N.A., et al. 2006. Biology Concepts &

Connections. California: The
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Hadioetomo, Ratna Siri. 1985. Mikrobiologi

Dasar Dalam Praktek, Teknik dan
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Figure 5. Referral use of the microscope Gramedia : Jakarta

Megawati, Ratna. 2003. Pendidikan Karakter

Untuk Menbangun Masyarakat
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