Re2005 12
Re2005 12
Re2005 12
Corvette up close
GM’s Le Mans winner revealed
Silver Crown
Riley’s new 180mph
paved-oval racer
Optical illusions Lightweight RST V8
Accurate 3D modelling Mountune reveals baby
from full-sized racecars Grand Prix engine
12
9 770961 109050
O T P US
1
33
I
BO A EE
TH R
#1
S
With
optional
safety strap
FASTER
Snaps Off/On; No Tools Needed
Double Swivel Hinge
For Easier Assembly
Aerospace Quality
Race Proven
Largest
stock of hose ends,
adapters, weld-ons,
caps and plugs
SECURE
Flexible, Secure Connections
For Hose or Tube
Axial Tube Movement Up to 1/4”
And +
- 4º Angularity
Triple-Latch Finger Closure for Security
Optional Safety Strap Makes
Visual Inspection Easy And Sure
®
THE XTREME IN RACING PLUMBING ® Registered Trademark of Transdigm, Inc.
XRP, INC. 5630 Imperial Hwy. South Gate, CA 90280 EUROPE James Lister & Sons [email protected]
[email protected] tel 562 861 4765 fax 562 861 5503 tel 44 (0) 121 525 5800 fax 44 (0) 121 525 4833
DECEMBER 2005
Contents Features
21 Show time
Previews of Autosport Engineering, PRI and
MSEC
GM
32 Corvette C6-R
Cover story Chevy’s 2005 Le Mans winner uncovered 32
38 Super eight
Mountune and Motopower’s lightweight RST V8
44 Riley MkXIII
Bill Riley’s 180mph paved oval Silver Crown
racer in detail
52 Global concept racer
The GDi hydrostatic drive racecar concept
56 Physical Digital
Accurate 3D models of anything
Stig Sideways
Raceworld
05 Write line – What did the MIA ever do for the 38
British motorsport industry?
Ludvigsen
31 Forum – Readers say…
44
Raceshop
67 Buyers’ insight – Engine management
systems profiled
73 Tech spotlight – Cost effective, low volume
metal casting
77 Racegear – All the latest products
83 Database – Full motorsport supplier listings
93 Aerobytes – McBeath’s tales of yaw
Sam Collins
See us at
PRI
Booth
# 2723
A
re you running a racecar and, if so, are you running it on an Vol 15 No.12
alternative fuel? Stupid question; you run it on the stuff that comes Editor
Charles Armstrong-Wilson
from the pump like everybody else. Why? Because there are no points Deputy Editor
Sam Collins
awarded for making life difficult for yourself. And who can blame you. Art Editor
Barbara Stanley Borras
In the typically hand-to-mouth world that is motorsport, there is no room for Chief Sub Editor
Mike Pye
the bigger picture or the higher ideal. Not unless you have money pouring out Editorial Assistant
Katie Power
of every pocket, in which case going racing will soon put a stop to that. Contributing Editors
But energy efficiency is something motorsport needs to embrace and, more Paul Van Valkenburgh, Allan Staniforth
Technical Consultant
importantly, needs to be seen to embrace. Consider this – global warming and Peter Wright
Group Art Editor
melting polar ice caps is clear to everyone except the most delusional. Carbon Patrick Morrissey
Contributors
dioxide is a major contributor and humans produce 75 per cent of the planet’s George Bolt Jr, Mike Breslin, Dan Carney,
Karl Ludvigsen, Simon McBeath,
CO2. Does that make you and your racecar guilty of all the world’s climactic Mark Ortiz, Ian Wagstaff
Photography
ills? No, your contribution is negligible, but not everyone will see it that way. LAT, Tony Tobias
Business Development Manager
Attitudes toward energy consumption are changing. Already, SUV drivers Tony Tobias +44 (0) 20 8726 8328
Mobile 07768 244880 Fax +44 (0) 20 8726 8399
are having abuse hurled at them by the more fundamentalist greens and very [email protected]
soon motorsport is going Advertisement Sales Executive
Andy King +44 (0) 20 8726 8329
to be as socially [email protected]
Editor www.racecar-engineering.com
Charles Armstrong-Wilson
proving unpopular with drivers who claim they Whilst the FIA is using CFD to find
are ‘boring’. out how F1 cars operate together,
and to try and promote better
● BAR Honda’s attempt to hit 400kph on the racing, the competitors in its
Bonneville salt flats was interrupted by a premier series continue to invest in
deluge of rain. The campaign has not aerodynamic tools. Toyota F1 is
however been abandoned. commissioning a second tunnel at
its Cologne HQ. The new tunnel will
● Silverstone is looking to receive a £600m be a 50 per cent scale unit similar
overhaul and redevelopment. The BRDC is to the one the Japanese funded,
currently seeking private sector investors. German-based team already uses.
Construction work started in
● SCSA stock cars are set to run on road October and the team aims to have
courses in 2006. The English version of the the tunnel up and running by the
LAT
ASA series had previously just raced on the end of 2006. Top Formula 1 teams continue to invest heavily in wind tunnel test facilities
Ovals at Rockingham and Eurospeedway. Four Meanwhile, in Switzerland BMW
road courses are on the provisional calendar. is planning to increase the number reflect the current feeling within the greatly increase BMW F1’s
of staff at its Hinwil facility, mainly industry that suggests a aerodynamic development
● Champion Audi won the 2005 ALMS once to allow the outfit to operate the 100 combination of both CFD and wind capability.
again using its dominant Audi R8s. The per cent wind tunnel it has tunnel work is the ideal solution. Whilst it appears that F1 teams
replacement for the R8 is strongly tipped to acquired there 24 hours a day. This has not been lost on BMW’s F1 are still willing to spend millions on
make its ALMS debut next year. A source in a front-running team team (or, in its predecessor form, finding that extra 10th with
claimed that ‘wind tunnels and Sauber) who commissioned the aerodynamic solutions, it is worth
● Radical has broken the production car lap people can do in about 30 seconds Dalco super computer ‘Albert’ noting that the draft 2008 Formula 1
record at the Nürburgring using a road- what computers take weeks to do. earlier this year, primarily for CFD regulations (see debrief V15N9)
registered SR8 LMP3. The record now stands Using a bit of both is the best thing work. The new staff increases, demand far more basic and perhaps
at 6m55s – a full 20 seconds faster than the to do.’ A comment which appears to allied to the use of ‘Albert’, should less critical aerodynamics.
previous record.
we believe the time has come for us to European industry figures aim to fast track the Chinese motorsport market prepared research and development
give something back to motorsport,’ facilities near the Shanghai circuit. This
explained Birindelli. ‘China now has the China already features highly on the looking to invest in the nation’s Chinese version of ‘Motorsport Valley’
top of its motorsport pyramid but it will world map of the automotive industry motorsport development. A scheme run will promote individual enterprises by
only develop outside the Chinese Grand and, since the building of the impressive directly by ART will see the training of graduates of the young engineer
Prix if we really invest time and F1 circuit in Shanghai, has started to 15 to 20 engineers each year. Young programme, and is likely to support new
expertise to assist China in developing appear on the Motorsport map, too. Engineer Training aims to create a championships in China and the Asia-
home grown motorsport from the base Chinese road car manufacturer Brilliance minimum population of Chinese Pacific region.
right to the top of the sport. Our mission has been linked to a WTCC campaign in motorsport engineers of between 50 and In addition, ART will support a
is to provide our Chinese partners with 2006 and there has been strong support 100 – all of whom will have relevant Chinese racing drivers’ school, a Chinese
the right training, technology and for the Chinese A1 Grand Prix entry. practical experience at F3 level by 2010. F3 championship and a project to
logistics to fast track the development of ART has already started a recruitment ‘The tutoring cycle will consist of a design, contruct and run a Chinese F3
the Chinese motorsport industry.’ programme for Chinese engineers and is three-month training period and a nine car, complete with Chinese engine.
stake owned by British American Honda is the latest manufacturer to join the F1 race, now fully controlling BAR so far no word on how.
car. The chassis has been tuned to suit Porsche’s RS Spyder (type 9R6) has been undergoing extensive track testing required performance but not the
the ‘angular and uneven race tracks of reliability required for a 1,000 mile race
the ALMS’ and is said to respond well to Sachs triple-plate clutch transmits the and ride height, the four way spring like Petit Le Mans’
bumpy surfaces. power to Porsche’s in-house GR6 damper units are supplied by ZF Sachs. The testing increased in its intensity
The chassis is propelled by the all- gearbox installed longitudinally. In AP Racing carbon discs supply with further tests in Europe and the US
new Porsche MR6 3.4 litre V8 engine, conventional fashion the aluminium gear stopping power, with 380mm rotors on prior to the cars first race at Laguna.
developed especially for endurance casing is a fully stressed structural the front and 355mm on the rear. After completing two and half days
racing. Porsche claims that the 32-valve member. At least two cars have been built to testing at Road Atlanta, which included a
engine develops 480bhp at 10,300rpm, Suspension is double wishbone front date, two cars in a white works livery full tech inspection by IMSA and the
and 274lb/ft of torque at 7500 rpm. A ZF and rear with adjustable toe, camber were seen testing at Barcelona, Spain in ACO, the car was deemed ready to race.
Lola’s proposal
Lola’s proposed
design for the
B07/00 Champ
Car was revealed
a few days after
the CCWS
decided to adopt
the Panoz DP01.
The car was
going to be
smaller, lighter,
faster and
stronger than the
existing car.
Web: www.arrowprecision.com
e-mail: [email protected]
Steel Titanium One-piece Production Specials Vintage
Debrief NASCAR news with George Bolt Jr
LAT
Another major change is a flatter
front end and the use of a splitter- RCR crew chief Todd Berrier was asked by Berrier had its outside pole run shocks had to settle before passing
style spoiler at the bottom of the by NASCAR to leave the Talladega track deemed void and started the race at the through the height stick. While using all
front valance and a similar ‘bolt-on’ and placed on suspension until 19 rear of the field. Berrier had been legal parts the teams had found a way to
rear spoiler. Both are designed with October. He was also fined $10,000 previously suspended for four races in make the shock work in arrears, using
simpler aero matching in mind, (£5750) when a fuel vent tube exiting March and fined $25,000 (£14,350) more pressure in the reservoir and
enabling the governing body to the rear panel of Harvick’s RCR Chevy when he was found to have blocked off effectively holding the rear of the
make changes quickly to even the was found to have ‘fallen’ inside the the fuel vent hose during qualifying at racecar higher in the air, therefore
playing field. The chassis is totally trunk during qualifying. Also the rear Las Vegas. creating more downforce on the rear
different, too, with much taller shock absorber access panels in the Meanwhile, six cars had rear shock spoiler. The team was not penalised, but
frame rails and, instead of the trunk were open, thus allowing air to absorbers confiscated after the Dover NASCAR issued a technical bulletin a
different types of chassis currently flow inside the trunk helping to keep the race, including the Hendrick cars that week later – the bulletin mandates gas
used for various types of tracks a rear of the car low – a great benefit at finished one-two. It took a while for the pressure not be more than 75psi, and a
common layout is to be used. restrictor plate tracks. The Chevrolet run cars to pass post race inspection as the smaller reservoir on top of the shock.
distant future. Washington or Oregon. Less than 10 years old, Pikes Peak Speedway is soon to be razed to the ground
The emphasis in A1GP was put firmly on entertainment, Sheik Maktoum wanting a series that looked exciting and would appeal to spectators around the world
Creating a single-chassis formula is power boost button to increase power by on Lola’s rig to give teams baseline minimum. Working within these
often seen as a short route to building a 30bhp. This can be used up to four times damper settings. Carbon carbon brakes limitations, Lola conducted an aero
second-rate car. With nobody to in a sprint race and eight times in a were rejected in favour of steel and were programme to produce a workable aero
compete against, where is the incentive feature race. It enables a function in the supplied by AP Racing, along with four- package. The result comes with a full
to make it good because they are all management map and is reset after piston calipers. aero map and is described by the teams
going to be equal? However, the team each race by Zytek engineers. In the interests of the show, much of as generally benign, although not very
behind A1GP was very aware that the All cars run with the same Pi the car’s design was dictated by responsive to changes. Eric Boullier of
series would stand or fall on its Research Delta dash unit which gives aesthetics, and if there was a question the DAMS team felt it was ‘less pitch
entertainment value. So, cars that were 8Mb of flash memory and 500Hz logging mark over how well the A1GPs would sensitive than the Dallara GP2 or World
not spectacular on track, were unable to speed, but teams are strictly controlled work, then this is where it stems from. Series cars.’ Some teams also found
race closely or even just looked dull were on what parameters they can log and Early drafts of the car featured narrower certain curious effects of the
not going to fill the grandstands. With how many channels. tyres and Sheikh Maktoum himself is aerodynamics. Reducing the ride height
that thought in mind, the A1GP cars had Power is transmitted via a carbon said to have insisted on more rubber to initially increased the downforce as
to deliver much more than the bare
minimum often asked of controlled
formulae racecars.
While Lola is keen to point out that its
“ THE A1 GP CARS HAD TO DELIVER MUCH
MORE THAN THE BARE MINIMUM
”
A1GP racecars are not dressed-up
versions of its last F3000 chassis, much
of the chassis and suspension design is
clearly descended from the last F3000 clutch to the specially-commissioned make it look more exciting. expected but, beyond a certain point, it
cars and teams that had been involved in six-speed, transverse transmission. In Consequently, the Cooper Avon control started to reduce again before the car
the previous second-tier formula were early testing these units showed a heat tyres are 11.75in wide on the front and reached minimum height. Also, the front
quickly at home with the car. problem and, just three weeks before 13in wide on the rear. The teams have wing tabs, when adjusted beyond a
The 3.4-litre V8 is made by Zytek, the first test at Silverstone, the internals not found tyre degradation an issue, nor certain point, would increase downforce
code named ZA1348, and is a close were switched from the original supplier have they found an increase in grip. The but reduce drag.
relative of the company’s sportscar to Xtrac, though kept within the original biggest problem has been getting them All teams have to work out of the
engine but can trace its roots back to a magnesium casing. Since the change up to temperature. In fact some teams same premises in the UK, preparing and
John Judd design. The all-aluminium the units have run reliably. Zytek also found rear end grip a limiting issue. repairing the cars in allocated working
engine was developed specifically for supplied its EGS paddle-shift system, Likewise, the aero has been areas. Cars are then moved between
the A1 car by Zytek Engineering and allowing the sequential gear selection to influenced by a large aesthetic input into events by the organisers, limiting the
weighs 120kg. Published figures quote be operated from the steering wheel. the design. The original brief called for a time teams have with their cars. This
maximum power of 520bhp and 442Nm This is the same system developed for shape reminiscent of a shark or a completely rules out extra testing and
of torque. Engine revs are capped at the company’s LMP1 sportscar and can stingray, but it also directed that the any unofficial rig or wind tunnel work.
9000rpm but teams have found a useful effect changes in 40 milliseconds. cars should be able to race closely which But from a logistical point of view, how
spread of power from 5500rpm to All cars are equipped with spec Öhlins meant the disturbance from the wake, does it work for teams based all over the
8700rpm. However, to spice up the TT44 dampers with three-way and the front wings’ susceptibility to world? ‘Ask my logistics manager,’ says
action, Zytek was briefed to enable a adjustment and the prototype was tested dirty air, needed to be kept to the Boullier, ‘it’s a big problem for him.’
LAT
LAT
LAT
Hatch Circuits. GianPaolo Dallara Ken Ungar Robbie Loomis
G Indy Racing League vice president of director of Chinaboard investment, and Shi G Robbie Loomis stepped down from his September. In just his second race back with
business affairs, Ken Ungar, has resigned Tianshu, president of FSAC, China’s ASN. crew chief position at Hendrick Motorsport Parrott Jarrett won, giving Ford its first win at
from his post. Ungar had been in the position during September – a role he had been in Taldega since 1998.
since 2001 after having been chief of staff at G Ken Norris, one of the world’s leading since 2000.
the Indianapolis Motor Speedway. speed record engineers, has died aged 83. G Congratulations are due to Racecar
Norris had worked on projects ranging from G 26-year-old Steve Letarte will fill the Engineering’s technical consultant Peter
G AP Racing has appointed Charles Donald Campbell’s Bluebird K7 water speed void left by Loomis. Letarte joined the Wright who recently became a grandfather
Bolton as managing director designate, as record challenger to Richard Noble’s Thrust 2 Hendrick team in 1996 as a tyre specialist for the first time.
part of a separation of the roles of chairman and Thrust SSC land speed record breakers. and was being groomed to replace Loomis.
and managing director, currently both filled More recently Norris had been consulting on G The Quaife gearbox dynasty left its mark
by Mark Wingrove. the Quicksilver water speed record attempt. G Dale Jarrett has been reunited for the on motorsport again when Adrian Quaife
third time at Robert Yates Racing with his old Hobbs became the youngest ever winner of
G GianPaolo Dallara, Jean-Claude G Bob Kettleboro has been appointed as crew chief Todd Parrott who moved over the BRSCC T-Cars Championship at 14 years
Migeot, Bruno Engelric and Luca the Grand Prix Masters race control director. from the RYR Elliott Sadler team during and 8 months.
Birindelli have joined forces to form ART Kettleboro is race control director for the
(see debrief p7 for the full story). They will be BTCC and a member of the organising Send your company and personnel news direct to the Racecar Engineering team:
working with Hannah Sun, the managing committee for the British Grand Prix. tel: +44 (0)20 8726 8363; fax: +44 (0)20 8726 8399 or email [email protected]
moment of truth
Engines scream and tension mounts, the lights go out and you
drop the clutch.
AP RACING
From that moment on, the drivetrain decisions you’ve made will
WHELER ROAD
determine who’s got the competitive edge on both speed and
reliability – from start to finish. And if you’ve fitted an AP Racing COVENTRY
clutch, you can be confident it will be you and your team. CV3 4LB
ENGLAND
That’s because AP Racing have spent over 60 years honing TEL +44 (0)24 7663 9595
their art to perfection – supplying clutches to over 500 GP
FAX +44 (0)24 7663 9559
winners and numerous other championships in the process.
EMAIL: [email protected]
AP-MTL-1
Race smart.
Autosport Engineering Show 2006
News
The International section of next
year’s Autosport Engineering show
Electronic
expansion
is set to play host to a surge of
leading French engineering
companies.
The Circuit de Nevers Magny-
Cours and CS Consulting have
joined forces to introduce a new
French Pavilion into the
International section which will be
exhibiting a range of some of the Zica Consultancy Ltd is set to expand the newly formed
top names in French engineering
excellence.
business by making its first appearance at next year’s
Eleven companies are currently Autosport Engineering show
signed up to showcase their
specialist products and services.
Words Katie Power
Rapid cylinder head prototype
manufacturers Danielson
S
pecialising in the design and
Engineering is just one of the
manufacture of high spec electrical
companies. Other names include
Texys, famous for producing
harnesses, Zica supplies a number of
automotive sensors for F1, WRC, leading clients in the motorsport,
Indy and Champ Car teams; engine military and aerospace sectors with high
development specialists Sodemo; performance electronic engineering
Apole; PRM Promo Racing; LSP components at competitive prices.
and Fibre Active. Zica Consultancy can be seen as a relatively
With Renault recently winning youthful company within motorsport with its
the F1 World Driver’s history only stretching back to its conception
Championship it seems only fitting in July 2004. The Chief Executive and Senior
therefore that some of the top
Engineer Clive Candler was behind Zica’s Zica makes harnesses for everything from Formula 1 downwards
French motorsport suppliers will
creation and brought several years of
be showcasing a range of their
best suppliers products.
experience in electrical systems to the company, many Development Manager Steve Crabtree commented:
A number of other leading from being an engineer on the Formula 1 circuit. ‘this expansion enables Zica to have a presence in all
engineering companies will also Candler believed that the market lacked the the major motorsport arena’s around the world and be
be found exhibiting in the availability of affordable, quality products and needed able to handle enquiries on a local basis offering
International section. Some of the to introduce more trained professionals. In an attempt better customer support services’.
names to expect include: Stack to rectify this, Zica was created. Within four months of Zica has recently confirmed that it will make its first
Data Acquisitions; MIRA; Aurora trading Zica had established accounts with some of appearance at the Autosport Engineering show in 2006
Bearings; Sadev Transmissions; motorsport’s most pronounced names and are steadily as the company considers it to be the perfect forum to
Lifeline Fire Extinguishers; Pi Data becoming a pivotal player in the design and publicly launch its ever-growing business.
Acquisition; Alcon Components;
manufacture of harnesses and electrical systems. Visitors will be offered the opportunity to discuss
Quaife Transmissions; Aim Data
Today Zica primarily concentrates on the design and the company’s plans for the future and speak to
Acquisitions; Tein Suspension and
Venair Competition Hoses.
manufacture of electrical systems, mechanical consultants directly about the services offered. Yet it
To make sure you secure a ticket components and bespoke electronic modules. But it is also an ideal time for Zica to promote the training
of your own and to find out more has also established various apprenticeship programs programs and apprenticeships it provides. Anybody
information about the event visit to, as Candler hoped, introduce more trained looking to start a career in harness design and
www.autosport-international.com. professionals into the field. manufacture should be sure to visit Zica Consultancy
These apprenticeships have been set up in at next year’s show.
conjunction with a number of local colleges and
Talk to TT universities, offering those wishing to work in the
If you are thinking Contact
world of harness design and manufacture the skills
of exhibiting at the Address: Zica Consultancy Ltd
they need. This opportunity is also profitable for those
show and would Technical Centre
currently employed within the company as Zica
like to speak to 21 Angelvale, Top Angel
constantly strives ensure their staff excel.
someone about Buckingham Industrial Park
Zica is currently executing an extensive plan to
how to go about it, Buckingham, MK18 1TH, UK
branch out and promote the firm across a wide range
then contact Tel: 08700 272 072
of companies. So far this has returned successful
Racecar’s Tony Tobias. Fax: 08700 272 042
results as many clients have been recruited from
Email: [email protected] or Email: [email protected]
across Europe and the USA with many more predicted
call him direct on: 07768 244 880. Website: www.zica.uk.com
to be taken on in the next few months. Business
Bigger, better,
faster, more
F
ollowing years being held at Indianapolis, For 2005, the organisers have more than a Hammond, the popular TV commentator and
the Performance Racing Industry Show has million square feet of space to play with, allowing legendary NASCAR crew chief, and boasts a panel
uprooted itself to move south for the first 3800 booths to be offered. The organisers are of distinguished experts. Together they will field
time. This year’s show is being hosted by expecting 1300 exhibitors to sign up to create the questions from the floor on a broad range of
the Orange County Convention Centre in Orlando, biggest PRI show ever. subjects relating to motorsport and the industry.
Florida. Primarily, the move was forced by the As ever, the show itself kicks off with the A tradition of the show is the Grand Opening
show’s success that made it outgrow its home of popular Industry Round Table on Wednesday Breakfast that, like the round table, is free to all
so many years and meant the event was being afternoon between 1.30 and 3.30pm at the attendees. While enjoying a hot meal to fortify
limited by the space available. Convention Centre. It will be moderated by Jeff them for the day ahead, guests will be entertained
“ THE ORGANISERS
HAVE MORE THAN
A MILLION SQUARE
FEET OF SPACE TO
PLAY WITH
”
by the notorious wit and energy of Busch driver
Kenny Wallace. Food is served from 8.00am so be
sure to get a seat early.
For three days, the event showcases the best of
the US motorsport industry supplying parts,
equipment and services at all levels of the sport. It
offers an unrivalled showcase of businesses that
any customer serious about motorsport cannot
afford to miss. From Formula 1 to amateur short
track, you will see buyers from every area of the
PRI boasts 3800 booths and up to 1300 motorsport exhibitors displaying their products and services sport sourcing suppliers for the new season.
Motorsports Symposium
However, PRI is not the only event taking place at
the Orange County Convention Centre during that
week, others are taking advantage of the high
concentration of motorsport people in one place.
The Society of Automotive Engineers is famous
for its biannual Motorsports Engineering At a glance
Conference, but this year it has broken with
Sunday, 27 November
tradition by running a new event. Called the
Advanced Engineering Technology Conference
Motorsports Engineering Symposium, it will not
welcome reception
only be held just a year after the last MSEC, but it
will also have a shorter, slimmed-down format. It Monday, 28 November
picks up on a relationship that worked well for Advanced Engineering Technology Conference
MSEC in the past when it was run at the same Tuesday, 29 November
venue as and just prior to the Performance Racing
“
Advanced Engineering Technology Conference
Industry Show. Last time that happened was up at WHAT IS THE SAE Motor Sport Engineering Seminar
Indianapolis in 2002. This year the show is in
Orlando, Florida and that is where MSES will be
NEXT ‘BIG HAT’ Wednesday, 30 November
Advanced Engineering Technology Conference
TECHNOLOGY?
”
held on the Tuesday and Wednesday prior to the SAE Motor Sport Engineering Seminar
show – 29 and 30 November. 1.30–3.30pm PRI Show Industry Round Table
The symposium format will feature industry significantly alter the next generation of racing?
and sanctioning body leaders in panel discussions A two-part session plans to look at engine Thursday, 1 December
and technical presentations discussing the latest management in motorsport and specifically 8.00am PRI Show Grand Opening Breakfast
Performance Racing Industry Show
technologies and how they are used. The theme of electronic versus mechanical engine management
Change For Relevance from last year’s MSEC will systems in motorsport. The sessions will look at Friday, 2 December
be revisited as a panel discusses the problems of how these systems operate, and how the Performance Racing Industry Show
striking a balance with technological innovation. technology affects the entertainment value. Saturday, 3 December
Particularly, how this will impact on grass roots The third subject to be dealt with at the Performance Racing Industry Show
racing. It will address questions such as what is seminar will be tyres. It will look at all aspects of
the value-added to the cost and complexity of the how racing tyres work and present some guidance
technology; will better, cheaper GPS-based data on how to get the most out of them. www.motorsportsengineeering.org for details.
acquisition improve safety and reduce cost; and For anyone planning to attend PRI, it Another event relocation to Florida to take
what is the next ‘big hat’ technology that will represents a couple of extra days well-spent. See advantage of the crowds is the Advanced
Engineering Technology Conference that kicks off
on Sunday night, 27 November with a reception.
Transferred from Colorado, this is the 16th AETC
and it attracts hundreds of race and performance
engine builders. In three days, the organisers
promise to tell you more about engine building
than you could hope to find out in a whole season
of racing. For details, visit www.aetconline.com. RE
Original Equipment
Manufacturer (OEM)
to:
Daimler Chrysler and
General Motors
Quality Accredited
ISO 9001-2000 and
ISO QS9000-TS16949
GENERATION II Copper
Exhaust Insulating Wrap
Acoustical Mats Starter Heat Shield
See us at PRI
Booth # 3925
High Chaparral
Historic racing is big business, but is building
continuation versions of innovative racecars the
answer to reviving interest in circuit racing?
L
ast night I arrived home late from a weekend at And it never really went away, it just got a lower
the famous Monterey Rolex Historic races. As I profile, as cars were restored and re-raced as historics.
opened the car door, a little light went on above I only go to Monterey when they feature the old big-
my head. ‘Sonnuva bitch!’ I said, before the light bore Can-Am or Trans-Am cars, cars that roar (not
went out again. There it is. The answer to a question I whine). I love their high compression ‘whanging’ and
presented in my first editorial column in 1994. How to their impossibly erratic idling that sounds like a 600
have interesting, affordable road racing again, with
sexy shapes and technologies, instead of sanitised
parades of boring spec-car billboards.
As I wrote about in ‘Formula NONE’, and later in
horsepower popcorn-popper, or like running a 6000
horsepower Top Fuel engine in a sedan.
This year, Chaparral was the featured marque at
Monterey. Jim Hall brought the seven cars he restored
“ HOW TO HAVE
INTERESTING,
AFFORDABLE
‘Saving Racing’, it might help to have less dependence for his museum collection, most famously the 2J
on megabuck budgets from sponsors drawn in by ‘sucker’ car, and the first high-wing (mounted to the ROAD RACING
television exposure, which creates spectacles rather rear hubs) car, the 2E. The others were Hall’s
AGAIN
than inherently interesting cars and drivers. I
suggested a series with NO limits on technology and
NO advertising on the cars. As I was reminded at
Monterey, that’s the way it used to be in Formula 1 and
Fibreglass-tubbed 2A roadster, a 2D Lemans coupe,
2F coupe, 2H monocoque coupe, and his Indianapolis
winner. The exhibition runs were so accurately
nostalgic that even at a reduced pace, a couple of the
”
the legendary Can-Am, with wealthy individual cars suffered some traditional DNFs and DNS.
innovator sportsmen and irreverently earthy drivers. But there was an eighth Chaparral there –
another 2E that has never been raced! In fact, it had vintage races held almost every weekend. In America
not even been fully assembled yet. This is an alone, there are over 20 vintage racing organisations. I
interesting story for racecar engineers, which requires called Carl Jensen, competition director at SVRA (the
a flashback to a chapter I wrote in my ‘Chevrolet – largest) and asked about the acceptance of a
Racing?’ book about Chevrolet Engineering’s ‘continuation series’ car like this. He replied: ‘We deal
contribution to these cars. (There are other books that with this all the time. It’s a real controversy.’ He
present the Jim Hall/Chaparral viewpoint). reminded me that already there are nearly perfect
My boss at Chevrolet R&D in the ‘60s was a guy copies of Cobra, GT-40, C-Jag, Lola T-70, and it’s
“
THIS MAY
REVIVE INTEREST
IN THE TRUE
named Jim Musser, who was project engineer on the
Chaparral consulting team. The Chevrolet GS-IIb (see
exclusive photo at http://members.aol.com/
racecartec/chevrolet.html) was his aluminium-tub
rumoured that McLaren has considered continuing
their Can-Am cars. Although he only spoke for his own
group, he generalised that kit cars are definitely out,
but if a continuation car is associated with the original
prototype for the Chaparral 2C and 2E. Now retired, he manufacturer, and if major components are
SPIRIT OF decided he wanted to reconstruct a GS-IIb for his own interchangeable, and if the car is historically
INNOVATION IN enjoyment. Hall was willing to cooperate, but no one
had any of the original body parts or moulds. So he
significant, then maybe... Musser has already
contacted him, and the 2E will be accepted as long as,
THE ORIGINAL suggested a compromise – build the latest 2E ‘it isn’t painted a different colour, and sponsored by
CAN-AM derivation, which he did have body moulds for. This Joe’s Towing Service.’ Owners of original cars don’t
LAT
man anyway) rival what we saw at Turkish track at last proved a challenge for F1 drivers, with mistakes being penalised, just like the good old days…
Suzuka at the end of the season?
Surely Alonso passing Schumacher line unless acted upon by an the engine alone but this was also worth another look. Does anyone
round the outside of 130R would external force. Newton’s third law seen to be impractical. have any thoughts on this?
have been far less spectacular if states that every action has an Well, it also occurred to me Would it be possible to build an
there was an Ikea car park worth equal and opposite reaction. So that revs are the real thing that electronic device that could be
of paved run-off to play with? the question of the month is what cost money to achieve and also set and sealed and checked by
Still, you can’t blame Hermann was Newton’s second law? what destroys engines. If revs the scrutineer on a regular basis?
for that, and the green strip of Also, energy can neither be could be kept within feasible It would have to be completely
grass, or grasscrete, on the outside created nor destroyed, only limits then the need for exotic tamper proof of course but it
of ‘Ata Turk’ at least meant there changed in form. So downforce (read: expensive) components would limit the revs to the set
was some sort of punishment for and stability will always be at the such as steel rods, cranks and peak. This idea, if practical, has
those overstepping the mark. expense of drag. valve trains would be eliminated. always appealed to me as I see it
I proposed something like a 500 as a very effective way of cutting
Mike Breslin Ian Griffiths, by email or a 1000rpm limit over the model costs by eliminating the necessity
Llauo - y - Dos manufacturer’s redline limit. Or of expensive components and
Wales On the limit if that was not possible, a limit expensive blow ups. If it worked
I was originally responsible for for the class ie allowing smaller it could be adapted to a variety
Newton’s legal man penning the rules of a reasonably engines to rev higher. of different championships with
Regarding Owen Brenton’s ‘Load successful modified saloon car This, at the time (it was eight dividends in both performance
of hot air’ in V15N9, Owen seems to race series and at first we had a or 10 years ago) was rubbished and safety.
have confused his Newtons. selling/buying plate in an effort as being unenforceable, and
Newton’s first law states that a to keep costs down but this was maybe it is. However, with the Al Weyman
body remains at rest or in a state not really workable. I did at one recent strides in technology I Taken from the forum section
of uniform motion along a straight time consider a selling plate on was wondering if this idea was of racecar-engineering.com
Yellow fever
If the Corvette racing programme was to promote the new C6 road car then
a racing version was needed, but it presented some interesting challenges
C
hevrolet netted a surprise GT win at Le Mans with its new C6-R The team’s response was to ask for a single air intake at the front of the
racecar, despite the Aston Martins being tipped for victory. The car in place of the split intakes on the C5, to replace the pop-up headlights
British cars’ reliability was no match for the Corvettes and the US with fixed lights, and to recontour the car’s profile for more downforce.
team’s endurance racing miles proved their worth. But the win ‘The C6 has a completely different angle in the roof and down the back,’
with an all-new car was achieved in the face of a number of a number of Fehan observed.
problems to solve and improvements to be made. The result is more downforce and less drag, with the trade-offs between
The successful Corvette C5-R served as the development mule for the the two adjusted to suit the needs of each track. The five-inch shorter C6
C6-R, while the race team also coordinated with the production team has a longer wheelbase than the C5, trimming front and rear overhangs –
developing the new Corvette C6 in search of production changes that critical to developing downforce – away to almost nothing. ‘The overall
could yield racing advantages. shape of the body has less drag, so the lift-to-drag ratio is very much the
The Corvette production car team sent word to the racers that they’d same,’ observed Steve Wesoloski, GM Racing Road Racing manager.
like a list of items to consider when developing the design of the new car, However, the downforce reductions weren’t the same front and rear,
and the racers responded with three specific requests, said Doug Fehan, eroding the all-critical balance racers seek. ‘What we were faced with was
C6-R programme manager. ‘The design staff came to us and asked what that the [C6] shifted the centre of aero pressure forward. The shorter rear
they could do to make a better racecar,’ he recalled. overhang is more of a detriment then the shorter front overhang.’
A part of the solution to this problem has been to run with windows
installed in the car. ‘We run widows all the time now, where before we
only ran them sometimes at tracks like Le Mans,’ Wesoloski said. Racer’s
instinct said that the windows would trim drag by sealing off the
turbulance-inducing window openings, but CFD modeling revealed that
wasn’t the real source of the benefit. ‘We thought it would reduce drag, but
that is not the case. It keeps the air attached over the body of the car,
flowing air to the rear wing for more rear downforce.’
Making the rear wing more effective lets the team trim the angle of
attack, typically by three or four degrees, for less drag. The range of
operation now is between 11 degrees for a high-speed circuit like Le Mans
and 15 degrees for a tighter, slower track like Lime Rock Park.
Of course, underbody aerodynamics also plays a crucial role. At the
front, the revised bumper fascia is designed to flare outward ahead of the
front wheel openings, creating low pressure areas outside the wheels that Engine placement is limited by regulations mandating stock firewall location
draws air from under the front of the car through the wheels, creating
frontal downforce. runway provides plenty of space for the car to reach terminal velocity.
At the rear, the diffuser has taken on more of a cheese grater The diffuser didn’t even have the benefit of that testing, but was rushed
appearance, going from the typical three or four vertical strakes to a in prototype form to the track, where it quickly demonstrated its value.
surprising 11. ‘It creates little venturis [that] keep airflow in line, with more CFD also let the team refine the design of its rear wing element. ‘It took
laminar flow through the back 15 iterations to find the optimised
rather than having turbulence at wing shape for the C6,’ Wesoloski
the back where the diffuser meets
the rear bumper fascia.’
The diffuser not only increased
“ A PART OF THE SOLUTION TO THIS
PROBLEM HAS BEEN TO RUN
WITH WINDOWS INSTALLED
reported. ‘The car has a pretty big
wing, so you don’t want to make 10
or 12 of them, you want to narrow
”
downforce, it improved the car’s that figure down.’
driveability, too, according to The cumulative result of all the
Wesoloski. ‘It is not only overall aero improvements to the C6-R has
downforce improvement, it reduces sensitivity to pitch and roll as well.’ been six per cent less drag with the same downforce, says Wesoloski.
‘That has probably contributed to increasing downforce more than ‘We’re probably generating a maximum of 1800lbs of downforce.’
anything else,’ confirmed driver Ron Fellows. ‘We’ve messed with a Such a downforce level makes itself felt in high-speed braking zones, as
number of different shapes and styles.’ In the end, drivers could readily the downforce diminishes with speed, forcing drivers to ease off the brake
see the benefit of the new style of diffuser: ‘you can feel it and it shows up pedal as the car slows. According to Wesoloski, the effect varies according
on the stopwatch.’ to the available grip at the track.
With a factory programme backed by the world’s largest automaker,
surely such improvements were the result of countless hours tweaking
prototypes in the wind tunnel, right? Wrong. Comparatively cheap CFD
modelling points to the potential benefits, which are proven in
straight-line speed testing at a defunct airport outside of
Detroit, Wesoloski told Racecar.
‘There aren’t a lot of rolling road wind tunnels, and
our car is very dependent on underbody
ground effects,’ he said.
The two-mile
“
WE REALLY
CONCENTRATED
ON REDUCING
FRICTION IN A
LOT OF THE
SUSPENSION
ATTACHMENTS
”
That downforce at high speeds also has implications for suspension just a bunch of extra mass, compared to conventional shocks. Further,
performance, hinting at the potential benefits of a third spring heat dissipation under race conditions would be very difficult,’ he added.
arrangement on the rear anti-roll bar visible on the car at Le Mans. While One of the simplest components of the suspension has seen special
the set-up was in plain sight, the team still doesn’t want to discuss its attention on the C6-R, according to Wesoloski. The rod ends that attach
design and operation in any detail. However, with the team’s cars going to suspension arms are typically stiff and resistant to movement, which
privateer teams over the winter, presumably those secrets will soon be makes subtle suspension adjustments more difficult for drivers to discern.
difficult to contain. ‘We really concentrated on reducing friction in a lot of the suspension
The suspension itself has been refined, front and rear, with different attachments,’ he said. Rather than a traditional spherical heim joint or rod
springs, shocks and sway bars, according to engineer Tadge Juechter. A end, ‘it is like a pressed ball joint so it has a little more freedom of
critical improvement is increased suspension travel that keeps the car off movement as it goes through its range of motion,’ he said. ‘You don’t have
its stops. ‘We’ve got enough suspension travel now that you don’t get into any of the hysteresis as it goes through the range of motion, so the smaller
the jounce bumpers even at maximum lateral acceleration,’ he said. changes to shocks and springs are more noticeable and reflected directly
Also helping put the power down accelerating out of corners are softer to the driver.’
rear springs, Juechter said. The C6-R’s rear springs are in fact softer than During races, the primary tuning tool available to drivers is changing
those on the 2006 Z06 road car, he pointed out. This fact is another clue tyre pressure, said Fellows. So suspension that aids detection of subtle
pointing to the use of a third spring arrangement on the rear sway bar that differences may be especially beneficial in this class of racing. While
supports the car under high aerodynamic downforce at speed. cockpit-adjustable anti-roll bars are not permitted, the team has installed
Conventional Sachs dampers are used on the racecar. The production a quick adjustment for the rear sway bar that mechanics can change during
car has high-tech, magneto-resistive shocks that are adjustable to suit pit stops, said Fellows.
conditions, but that technology is unsuitable for racing, said Juechter. ‘It is ‘The first time I really had to use it was at Petit Le Mans at Road Atlanta,’
“
DRAWS AIR
FROM UNDER
THE FRONT OF
THE CAR
THROUGH THE
WHEELS AND
CREATING FRONT
DOWNFORCE
”
At the front the headlights were fixed
upright and faired in, while a single air
intake replaces the twin intakes seen
on the C5-Rs
“ MAKING THE
REAR WING
MORE EFFECTIVE
LETS THE TEAM
TRIM THE ANGLE
OF ATTACK
he said. ‘The track changed dramatically when the weather changed from
overcast to sun, and changing the sway bar during a pit stop eliminated the
”
rail and you are back in business. And you can do that at the racetrack if
you really had to.’
resulting oversteer.’ The new car has also been forced into a compromise over weight
distribution. ‘It has been a difference between the C5 and C6,’ admits
Safety in mind Wesoloski. ‘For the C6 they were much more stringent in making sure you
Despite the road going Z6 having an aluminium chassis, for the racecar the have production content in the car.’ The team was obliged to keep the
team chose to stick with the steel version from the C6. ‘We utilise the front and rear bumper beams and the production windscreen frame so you
rollcage very heavily to add to the stiffness of the structure,’ explains get that weight way up high where you don’t really want it. So it has
Wesoloski. ‘Being a ladder frame, basically like a truck with the hydroform reduced the amount of ballast we have in the car that we put in the right
frame rails and some crossmembers, it is very tough to get the torsional rear corner. I would say it has cut 60 per cent of our ballast out of the car
stiffness. Had we gone to the aluminium chassis rails, crossmember and just by the content we’ve had to add back into the car.’ The result is a
tunnel it would be very difficult to put a proper steel rollcage back in to higher centre of gravity and a greater raised polar moment.
reproduce that connection for the stiffness and the structural integrity The Corvette’s engine has grown to 7.0 litres over the life of the
from a durability standpoint over what we were able to do with a steel to programme, while maintaining reliability, according to Doug Duchart,
steel connection. director of GM Racing, but found 8.0 litres to be too far a stretch. ‘We
‘Another reason that we felt was critical, we’ve had situations where figured out how to make a 427 (cubic inches) with this programme,’ he said.
we’ve had a crash and the hydroform steel frame rail designed for ‘We tried to make an 8.0 litre too, but that didn’t quite work out.’
production is very predictable in its performance – it crushes very much But even within the 7.0-litre displacement, there has been room for
like an accordian. You are then able to just cut off that crushed portion, improvement this season, said Fellows. ‘Our engine guys continue to try to
butt weld and put a wrap around the joint to put a new extension on the find more power,’ he said. ‘It is no secret that Aston Martin was faster
“ CFD MODELING
POINTS TO THE
POTENTIAL
BENEFITS, WHICH
ARE PROVEN IN
STRAIGHT-LINE
SPEED TESTING
”
than us on the straights at Le Mans but at Road Atlanta [for Petit Le Mans], I cell and the suspension collapsed into the cell, expelling its contents.
was pleased to see them running down the straight-away with these guys To prevent that scenario from recurring, the C6-R eliminates the fuel
and that they weren’t pulling away from us.’ Fellows also said he wishes for filler neck between the bodywork and the fuel cell, said Fehan. Instead, the
another shot at Le Mans. ‘If we could go back to Le Mans with what we had fuel filler has an extension that reaches inside to the fuel cell itself,
at Road Atlanta, I think we’d have done better.’ eliminating one potential failure point from the fuel system. Similarly, the
The C6-R was designed to incorporate side-impact crash absorption rear suspension mounts have been redesigned to direct collapsing
structures that were pioneered in the C5-R, and which Fehan credits with suspension members away from the fuel cell,’ he said.
saving drivers’ lives. ‘We had two potentially fatal impacts in the C5-R – at
Dallas and Miami – where the drivers unbuckled and then walked away,’ Ongoing improvements
he said proudly. Another important safety factor is keeping the driver comfortable enough
‘The crash box that sits to the drivers’ left replaces that bulbous cage to concentrate, points out Fellows. ‘We are continuing to improve the
that you see in NASCAR,’ said Fellows. ‘It is lighter, provides better quality of the air we get into our helmets,’ he said. ‘That paid big dividends
protection and makes a nice ledge to help you get in and out of the car.’ at Le Mans this year.’ It was hotter even than in 2001, when a Corvette
Of course the most infamous C5-R crash was that of Dale Earnhardt Jr. at driver passed out after climbing out of the car, but drivers were more
Infinion Raceway (nee Sears Point), wherein his heavily shunted car comfortable this time. ‘It was hot, but it was not debilitating for us,’
exploded into flames. In that case the fuel filler neck snapped off the fuel Fellows said. ‘I heard the Aston Martin drivers were really suffering.’
Tyre testing, especially for LeMans, has proved to be a challenge for the
team, because the tyres Michelin provides in Europe differ slightly from
those in the US, and because European tracks tend to be smoother than
those in America. ‘We’ve been unable to find a racetrack where we can
apply that tyre to get decent data in North America,’ Fellows said. ‘The
tracks are enough different that it doesn’t apply.’
However, with the expected sale of the 2005 C5-R cars to a European
team, the factory hopes to gain valuable European tyre and track data
from the new owners in preparation for Le Mans in 2006. ‘It sets up some
interesting potentials for us as far as collecting relevant data in Europe,’
Wesoloski noted.
The team will evaluate the benefit of satellite operations when
considering whether to build a number of C6-Rs for private customers,
rather than just selling the team’s old cars at season’s end. The goal isn’t to
put the Corvette racer into limited production, but to potentially fulfill
European demand for the iconic American racecar, while boosting the
team’s ability to gather further relevant information about the car’s
GM tried an 8.0-litre motor for the C6-R but in the end went with the 7.0 (427ci) performance, said Wesoloski. RE
performance
When fractions of a second mean the difference between winning and
losing, you need to be able to rely on the systems that pinpoint exactly
where those fractions can be found.
Solutions include our T10S product used in the World Rally Championship, and for
single make racing series the SQ6 and T2 ECUs. The SQ6 for one box engine control
and chassis logging for motorbikes used in the World Superbike championship and
specific ECU's for Group-N rally cars.
Inspired solutions... vision for success
Call us now for cost effective performance solutions:
UK: Martin Tolliday +44 (0)1954 253600 [email protected]
USA: Adam Boyer +1 317 808 3800 [email protected] www.piresearch.com
Industry leading solutions in Engine Control, Data Logging, In-Car Display, Data Analysis software, Performance Wiring Solutions
Lightweight 8
Interest in the new ‘baby prototypes’ has revived
an old engine project with significant results – not
least its application in the new F1 rulebook...
W
here’s the rest of it?’ is the the outfit’s increasing demands saw the engine
expression that comes to your lips project sidelined.
when you first look at the tiny, But a few years ago the subject of creating an
lightweight unit that is the all-new V8 engine became a much-discussed topic
Motopower – Mountune RST-V8. Conceived just and interest was such that Motopower decided to
over 10 years ago by Russell Savoury, Simon Shaw
“
and Tony Hart (hence RST) the V8 was first
destined to appear in Gordon Murray’s stillborn THE ENGINE WEIGHS
Lightning project. Back then it was quoted as
producing 304bhp. However, Motopower was
IN AT A SHADE
UNDER 74KG
”
then running its own British Superbike team and
resume work on the old RST. Savoury has Sports racing cars seem a natural home for the RST V8, seen here and opposite in the Zeus chassis
completely reworked the engine since the project
was revived, leaving only the motorcycle-derived
cylinder head castings original to the first variant. Motopower/Mountune RST V8 tech specs
The earliest version of the new RST was fitted to a
Number of cylinders: 8
Caterham SV – and has so far clocked up 20,000
Bank angle: 90-degree V
miles, with no major problems.
Bore: 75mm
The RST engine in its current configuration has
belt driven cams, a change from its original Stroke: 56mm
design, and also that of the original Yamaha head Displacement: 2400cc
design. However there is scope for chains to Spark plugs per cylinder: 1
return, and future variants RST could either belt Valves per cylinder: 5 (3 inlet)
or chain driven. This switch left a cavity in the Number of cams: 4
centre of the engine where the chain would have Compression ratio: Classifiied
sat. If it wasn’t for the stock head castings then Injection/carburettor: 40mm twin injector port throttles
the engine could be made at least 15mm shorter. Power: 401bhp
‘On the drive there are pros and cons both ways – Torque (est.): 190lb.ft at 7800rpm
chains are narrower but can be noisy, belts are
Weight: 74kg
lighter, easy to tension and can drive ancillaries.
Dimensions:
They are both reliable and can handle the revs,’
Length: 550mm
added Mountune’s Roger Allen.
The only parts of the engine that are not Width: 552mm
bespoke are the cylinder head castings. These, Height: 450mm
and the basic layout of the block, are derived
“
from a four-cylinder, in-line Yamaha motorcycle
engine. Pistons, rods and crankshaft are made by
THE SAME LAYOUT AND CAPACITY AS A NEW
”
Pistal, Arrow Precision and DKE respectively. In
the quest for lightness, every component has SPEC GRAND PRIX ENGINE
www.racecar-engineering.com December 2005 Racecar Engineering 39
Call us first...
Unit 31 Silverstone Circuit Towcester Northants NN12 8TN
T: 01327 857822 F: 01327 858096 www.tridentracing.co.uk
“ POTENTIAL IS IN
EXCESS OF 400BHP,
AND WITH GOOD
RELIABILITY
”
Currently the Motopower team is developing the
engine and looking into titanium and other
advanced materials to see how far the engine’s
capabilities can be pushed. It is, after all, a
2.4-litre V8 – the same capacity and configuration
that will soon be used in the world’s highest
profile racing series.
‘It’s a mini F1 engine, but somewhat cheaper,’
claims Allen. ‘The target price for the race engines
is between £23,000 and £25,000.’ However, there
is a smaller, cheaper option for those on a tighter
budget – the 2.0-litre version. ‘It gives a nominal
Mountune’s unfinished business
340bhp – more or less depending on application –
a sprint race version can run higher rpm with ‘Le Mans is unfinished business for us,’ claims Roger Allen. And the RST could be the first step back towards LMP racing. The new V8’s
more power and vice versa. The race applications first competitive outings were in sports prototypes, an area of the sport that Mountune feels is missing from its portfolio. But the firm still
for the 2.0-litre are essentially areas where there wants a proper attempt at Le Mans. On a number of occasions it has been all set to head down the N138 to La Sarthe, only to have its
is a 2.0-litre capacity limit. The road applications hopes dashed. The company’s most successful recent attempt was in 2004 with the Taurus Sport VW/Caterpillar diesel engine.
are where there is a budget constraint, because However, the one attempt that really irks the firm was shortly before Reynard collapsed, when Mountune was in the late stages of
the 2.4 will be more expensive.’ development of the MT1 engine. It was destined to be fitted to the chassis now known as the DBA/Zytek, which has since proved to be one
The RST doesn’t quite have the performance of of the fastest prototypes currently racing. The half-finished prototype MT1 is now sat in a corner of Mountune’s Essex HQ, its 2.0-litre
a 2006-spec F1 engine either. ‘The road version turbocharged format clear for all to see, although a number of parts fitted to the engine are only rapid prototyped. Its build objective was to
revs to 10,500rpm and the race version should rev last 5500km of racing conditions or, in other words, the 24 Hours of Le Mans.
in excess of 12,000rpm and produce upwards of Two of the four LMP3 cars featured in last month’s RE were powered by Mountune engines and both the firms behind those cars are
380bhp.’ The final brake horsepower figure is looking at building LMPs. It is abundantly clear that Mountune has its eyes and heart set on racing prototypes at Le Mans again. Perhaps
actually now thought to be around 400 on the the RST is the start of a new era for Mountune in sportscar racing – after all, it already supplies the V6 engine used by Ewan Baldry’s Juno
competition spec unit. The estimated maximum racers and Baldry is known to be considering stepping up to LMP2...
torque is 190lb.ft at 7800rpm.
W
‘ hat the hell’s a Silver Crown car?’ McMahon knew he was building the prototype of of a mile to just over a mile.
That’s what Ron McMahon a brand new car intended to take Silver Crown the Though at a glance Silver Crown cars look like
remembers NASCAR people asking next step to enhanced national recognition sprint cars, in fact they’re larger, heavier and
when they found the Silver Crown among America’s oval-track series. carry enough methanol to complete a 100-mile
series in the résumés of many of their top drivers. Silver Crown traces its origins to 1971. Until race non stop. That’s how long their races are, or
Tony Stewart, Jeff Gordon and Ryan Newman are then, USAC’s dirt-track cars competed on an equal 100 laps depending on the track. Powering them
former Silver Crown racers. So are Mike Bliss, Carl basis with its longer-track racers on the are ferrous-block American pushrod V8s of
Edwards, Kasey Kahne, Jason Leffler and Ken Championship Trail. In 1971 the two series were 355 cubic inches (5818cc). Derived from Chevrolet,
Schrader. Fans, officials and Bill France Jnr split, the National Championship being the ‘Gold Ford and Chrysler designs, the fuel-injected eights
himself were curious about USAC’s (US Crown’ and the dirt-track cars competing by deliver some 750bhp between 7600 and 8800rpm.
Automobile Club) Silver Crown series, said analogy for the ‘Silver Crown’ Championship. Minimum weight with water, oil and fuel is 1500lbs
McMahon, vice president and general manager of Since then they’ve raced both on dirt ovals (680kg), while pavement sprint cars are only
Riley Technologies in Indianapolis. The next thing and on paved tracks ranging in length from 5/8 1350lbs (612kg). Among traditional makers of
Crash testing of the mandatory, detachable front, rear and side structures has allowed a known level of driver protection to be incorporated into the cars
“ AT A GLANCE SILVER
CROWN CARS LOOK
LIKE SPRINT CARS
”
addition to Kentucky. ‘We ran it as hard and fast
as we could at Homestead,’ McMahon recalled of
the test session. ‘We adjusted ride heights and
spring rates to make it as fast as possible. We had
65 gallons of methanol, and after 100 miles we
had 15 gallons left.’
See us at PRI
Booth # 1133
“ WITHOUT COUNTER
MEASURES THEY’D
EASILY BE TOPPING
200MPH
”
cornering grip. With the same aim in view the
width of the outside rear wheel was cut back from
18 to 14in. Widths of the front rims, like the rears
of 15in diameter, are 10in and all wheels for all
cars are supplied by Weld Wheels. Solid front
axles must be tubular and of SAE 4130 or Basic chassis is a simple triangulated frame with a roll structure design dictated by USAC’s regulations
equivalent steel. Made by Winters Performance
Products, the rear axle is an open tube with a Silver Crown cars, which as a rule dispensed with built into the pavement-racing Silver Crown. Such
quickchange centre section. them before. Riley decided to recommend a low effete notions weren’t their style, but they soon
Tremendous final drive ratio choice is available gear in view of the cars’ need to have a good came to appreciate that, on the 1.5-mile tracks, a
from several different ring and pinion pairs, plus starting ratio when geared to suit the faster little extra protection wouldn’t go amiss. In
60 quickchange gearsets that can be used on tracks. The driver’s doing around 40mph when he achieving the aim of better crash protection, Riley
either top or bottom shafts, resulting in 120 ratios shifts up at 4000rpm, using the lever at his left reckons it’s given the new Silver Crown more
in all. In contrast, the series spec two-speed Emco with its motorcycle-type squeeze handle to throw actual crash testing, from all directions, than any
transmission is designed so that its low ratio out the clutch. other formula car has ever experienced. See the
cannot be changed. America’s brass-balled oval trackers were also sidebar for details.
The use of a two-speed is an innovation for dubious about the safety provisions that Riley Pilot protection begins with the series-spec
New rules mandate a symmetrical chassis to reduce adhesion on paved ovals Transmission is a two-speed unit, unusually for a Silver Crown racecar
Panhard rod is a truss-like structure located above and below the differential At 34 inches the cockpit is some 5 inches wider than previous Silver Crown cars
4130 steel tube frame, which makes more room for forward-facing anteater air scoops that pack a 102in (2590mm) wheelbase. Width is set as 75in
the driver with an interior width of 34in. Lateral extra air into the engine. (1905mm) between the outer surfaces of the side
strength is aided by three steel bulkheads, one at Among other chassis features is a cockpit- pods while length is unchanged from 2005 at 15ft
the firewall and two enclosing the fuel tank. Main mounted worm and sector steering gear with (4.57m). To take account of its added safety
frame rails are one-inch 4130 steel tubes, which hydraulic power boost and a detachable steering equipment the minimum weight is raised by 150lbs
may be either round or square. wheel. Riley’s design has four mounting holes in to 1650lb (748kg).
Clear specs are given on USAC’s website for the the pitman arm for the drag link to allow quick The new paved-track Silver Crown has the look
roll cage, an area in which some builders hope to steering ratio variation. A combination of parallelof a robust racer with the rough, tough cockpit
improve on the prototype’s angular structure. A beloved of American drivers. As a kit Riley is
tubular bumper structure outside the body at the
rear is mandatory. All-embracing racing seats are
required, as are harnesses with a minimum of six
mounting points. An on-board fire extinguishing
“ WELL WITHIN
THE REACH OF
THE PRIVATE
charging $16,000 (£8870) with $61,500 (£34,000)
the tab for a car complete less engine. Even at an
increase of around $7000 from the 2005-style car
this is very reasonable for a professional racecar,
system is also mandated. well within the reach of the private enthusiasts
ENTHUSIASTS
”
Exterior Silver Crown body panels are to a who are the backbone of the car owners in the
standard spec as established by Riley. They’re popular Silver Crown series.
made of e-glass with Kevlar in Twin Lakes, radius rods and panhard rods guide the axles. The The first chance to see the new cars on the
Wisconsin by Five Star Bodies, under contract to rear panhard rod of Riley’s car is designed as a track will have been in exhibition races at Kansas
Riley. A feature of the nosepiece is the way its truss structure so it can pass above and below the City over the weekend of 8-9 October, while the
upper surface slopes up to the horizontal air filter differential. Brakes are by Wilwood with 2006 season itself kicks off with its first
above the injectors. ‘At speed that produces a mandatory ferrous discs. championship race at the end of January. With
negative pressure above the engine, starving it of For improved stability on the fast paved ovals multiple cars under way from multiple builders,
air,’ McMahon explained. ‘That’s another Riley/ the 2006 Silver Crown may have a wheelbase of the outlook is good. Silver Crown is stepping up a
USAC trick to slow down the paved-track Silver between 101 and 104in, increased from the gear, ready to nurture even more fine drivers for
Crowns, which are no longer allowed to have big previous legal minimum of 96in. The Riley car has both USAC and NASCAR. RE
ENGINEERED TO PERFORM
world leaders in high performance pistons
Omega Pistons
Oak Barn Road, Halesowen
West Midlands B62 9DW
Tel: 0121 559 6778 Performance Motorsports Inc. Europe
Fax: 0121 559 6779 20 Mayfield Industrial Park
[email protected] Fyfield Road, Weyhill, Andover,
Hampshire SP11 8HU
www.omegapistons.com Telephone 01264 774400
Facsimile 01264 774415
www.doverpmi.com
[email protected]
Hydrostatic racecar
Time team
T
echnology transfer is part of motorsport, locating design teams around the globe. Each focus on the technologies needed to achieve a
with aircraft technology being perhaps the team worked in local time but passed the design working outcome.
most obvious exponent of this, but what work on to the next team at the end of their day. ‘The question I was asked often was “what if
about agricultural machinery? Well, a My thought was that if industry was doing it, then you fail?” My response was that there is no
group of students based at Aston University in we should be developing the skills and expertise failure, just learning. The risk of not completing,
England thought that applying hydrostatic drive with our own design and engineering students. All the teams not gelling or not having compatible
technology – as found in snow blowers, tractors I needed was a suitable project, willing ideas were minor compared with ensuring the
and road planers – to racecars was a hitherto collaborators and time. Having persuaded my technologies worked and the information flowed
unexplored avenue. colleagues to help, enthusiasm for the project between the teams.’
A highly innovative project known as the grew quickly. There were of course teething troubles, such as
Global Design Initiative (GDI) saw the hydrostatic ‘Of course I had many concerns. But I wanted finding willing teams in the US and Singapore
racer designed in just five days in the summer of to create a continuous working environment prepared to take the risk of being involved in the
2002. The result formed Aston’s class three entry inspired by an exciting concept. The few similar project, getting compatibility in the CAD systems
in the following years IMechE Formula Student collaborations I was aware of tended to look at and selecting a parts data management package
competition. And it won. individual elements rather than a complete (in the end PDMworks was chosen).
Five days is not a very long period of time to product. By involving each team in generating the However, since an early flurry of interest after
create something from scratch, yet the GDI overall concept we aimed to create a sharper the Formula Student success the project has been
project found a very simple way of maximising somewhat forgotten. A few elements of it have
time. ‘I was intrigued by some articles in
engineering magazines that focused on
collaborative development in the design phase of
new product development,’ states Chris Evans,
“ A HIGHLY INNOVATIVE
PROJECT KNOWN AS
THE GLOBAL DESIGN
found their way onto Aston’s current Formula
Student car, mainly in the CVT system. But the car
itself was never actually constructed – and it
remains as a set of plans and renderings,
the man behind GDI. ‘The key element being the somewhere in the archives of the Aston
INITIATIVE
”
creation of a continuous design capability by University School of Engineering.
”
the storage area is set to allow complete storage
of all energy dissipated when braking hard from
40mph to a dead stop.
600cc Honda
The system serves variable displacement engine is coupled
motors on each corner that drive the wheels to a variable
through fixed 2.5:1 epicyclic gearboxes to achieve displacement
the required top speed (in the case of Formula hydraulic motor
with full energy
Student, the target speed was 65mph). These
storage facility
gearboxes could easily be changed to obtain
higher speed in other racing applications.
All design work on the
hydrostatic racecar was
Stop and go executed in Solidworks
The Honda engine is set to idle at 8000rpm, giving
maximum torque. The throttle is controlled by
pressure in the storage system. Below 280bar the
engine runs at full throttle until the pressure has
built up again and it returns to its 8000rpm idle.
As mentioned earlier, a sway bar takes the
place of pedals in the footwell and this bar
controls motor displacements. In the neutral
inert position the car is stopped or coasting. With
the bias on the bar pushed to the right it increases
the torque of the motors and accelerates the car.
With the bias to the left the car decelerates,
Plan view of hydrostatic racecar, showing wheel location and ‘wing’ suspension arms. Note the final design was for an MSA legal car, hence drivers’ foot position
Using GDI meant students around the world worked Side profile and front view of the concept showing body style, cockpit and seat arrangement, chassis and
continually for 120 hours on the design project rear subframe design and in-line engine location. Note full height back to composite seat acting as firewall
effectively braking. In actual fact braking comes the motors from locking up the wheels in this a light car because of the regenerative
by way of the motors producing negative torque scenario a ‘freewheel’ valve is fitted. braking/energy system but its four-wheel drive
or, in other words, running backwards. Four-wheel steering is also controlled by system would transfer this to the road very
In this state the wheel motors act as pumps and hydraulics. When the driver turns the wheel a effectively,’ explains Evans.
pressurise the under floor storage area up to a multi-stage rotary actuator on the steering It seems increasing unlikely that these claims
maximum pressure of 350bar. As the system is column activates linear actuators on each wheel, will ever be proven though as there are currently
designed to operate at 280bar, the extra pressure eliminating the need for a steering rack (the no plans to build and test the car. It was only ever
built up under braking is used up first before the hydraulic actuators acting on the steering arms). constructed in Solidworks and there was no
engine has to replenish the pressure in the system These can be adjusted to suit conditions, circuit, funding available to the team when there was a
again. This is effectively fully regenerative and driving style. It is unclear how this system will will to construct it. Evans, on building the car:
braking. An additional inboard disc brake is fitted affect the ‘feel’ of the car for the driver. ‘The final concept was based on ideas that could
to stop the car in the event of a failure. The anticipated performance of the car be engineered and manufactured. However, a
The front and rear motors are controlled by predicts that it will be able to travel 75m from a concept like this would need the interest and
separate hydraulic circuits allowing the driver to standing start in 4.3 seconds, going on to achieve support of the manufacturing and business sector
adjust the power bias front to rear, and this can a maximum speed of 58.4mph. ‘This would not be if it were to become a reality.’
be adjusted whilst the car is in motion. It is The implications of the project however are
possible for the driver to demand more power
than the system is capable of sustaining, and this
will deplete the storage system until it reaches its
minimum design pressure of 220bar. At this point
“ BASED ON IDEAS
THAT COULD BE
ENGINEERED AND
more obvious. Racecar design firms could set up
offices around the world and be able to complete
design work in a fraction of the time. No longer
will the oft-used phrase ‘not enough hours in the
the accumulator piston bottoms out and the day’ be valid because using the GDI concept there
MANUFACTURED
”
storage system becomes ineffective. To prevent are 24 working daylight hours in every day. RE
Balzers Limited
Milton Keynes MK7 8AT
UK
Tel 01908 377277
Fax 01908 361362
[email protected]
www.balzers.co.uk.
Balzers, Inc.
555 Commerce Drive
Amherst
NY 14228
USA
Tel +1 716 564-2788
BA LIN IT ® co at i n g s f o r en g i n eer i n g co m p o n en t s
Fax +1 716-564-2484 With the right coatings, you can improve performance, reliability and durability of your
www.bus.balzers.com
motor sport components. The right coatings are BALINIT® metal-based and
Further coating Centres:
Austria, Benelux, Brazil, diamond-like-carbon coatings from Balzers. By reducing friction and wear, they allow
China, France, Germany,
greater flexibility in design for longer lasting engine components, gearbox and suspension
India, Italy, Japan, Korea,
Liechtenstein, Mexico, parts. The high degree of precision and adhesion ensure the consistent high quality of
Poland, Singapore, Spain,
Sweden, Switzerland BALINIT® coated components.
V Measure for
arious forms of non-contact 3D coordinate
measurement systems have been in use
throughout industrial and other sectors
for some while, including laser and optical
scanning. The latter has principally been the
preserve of the large manufacturers in the
measure
automotive and aerospace worlds, and a number
of academic bodies. In motorsport one of very
few organisations thus equipped was McLaren,
but until recently the capability was simply not
accessible to a wider potential user base. Now
former McLaren employee Tim Rapley has set up
Physical Digital Ltd, the first independent Mobile, highly accurate, non-intrusive, zero wear
company in the UK to provide a mobile, high-
accuracy, 3D optical digitisation service. Once
and tear, and fast, too. What more could you
potential users are aware of the benefits of such a require of a 3D measurement system?
service and the company’s presence becomes
established it seems likely that Physical Digital’s Words Simon McBeath
services will be in great demand. Some of those
potential benefits that could accrue will become Photos GOM UK; McBeath; PhysicalDigital
apparent shortly, but first we need to understand
a little more about optical 3D scanning. artefacts); and reverse engineering to generate or Optical measurement methods such as those
All forms of 3D coordinate measuring – tactile update 3D CAD data. The latter could possibly be we’ll examine here have additional and very
or otherwise – have similar fundamental uses used for gauging competitors’ products, or significant advantages over tactile methods.
that could be grouped more or less as follows: performing other computer-aided functions such These include the ability to take the measuring
quality assurance inspection against known 3D as computational fluid dynamics (CFD) or equipment to the job and to measure objects as
(CAD) data; object duplication where no CAD data structural finite element analysis (FEA). large as an aircraft or as small as a suspension
exists; digital archiving (for example of ancient Deformation measurement is also available. mounting bracket. Furthermore much reduced
”
TACTILE METHODS
techniques. The fast moving world of top-line
motorsport may sometimes be guilty of these
faults, where the prerequisites of zero time to
delivery and geometric perfection – for example
of new aerodynamic parts – are bound from time
to time to be at odds. How many ‘new aero
packages’ have failed to work as well as the
simulations and wind tunnel programmes
predicted because the ‘as made’ geometry was
not what was designed, modelled and tested?
Only disciplined process control procedures such
Reference points are identified by barcodes placed on the car’s surfaces
as root cause analysis would enable these
problems to be identified. Now though, with the
speed and portability offered by 3D optical
measurement, this and other questions can be
answered and, if necessary, pre-empted with
suitable improvements following process
development programmes.
Some relatively simple motorsport-related
projects highlight further benefits of the mobile
optical scanning service now being offered by
Physical Digital. For example, the main element of
a rear wing set was scanned so that comparisons
with the original CAD data could be made. A
further example was a full size historic racecar
measurement times generating higher numbers of processes are sometimes thought of as infallible – (the precise identity of which we are obliged to
data points and higher levels of accuracy there can be an underlying assumption that keep secret but which is housed at the Brooklands
compared to tactile coordinate methods are on because the design, and perhaps also the tooling, Museum in the UK) that was completely digitised.
offer. As such these techniques are finding wide have been aided by computer that post- And the early stages of a job on the Formula 3
applications, and not just in engineering – the manufacture geometry checking is unnecessary. Dallara of RR Racing have been included to
film and computer games industries have been Or where there is the desire to perform post- illustrate some aspects of the measurement
optically scanning objects to provide the basis for checks, there may be insufficient time to carry process. More on these projects later, first let’s
computer-generated animations, which perhaps them out. That may be because of schedules, or take a glimpse at the technology involved.
hints at the high level of surface detail possible. more likely because of the complexity of shape of
So how can motorsport gain from optical the parts, which makes tactile measuring Data acquisition and analysis
scanning? Take one example scenario. CAD/CAM prohibitively slow with currently available Physical Digital uses equipment supplied by
GOM mbH, a company based in Braunschweig,
Germany, which was founded in 1990 as a spin-off
from the Technical University Braunschweig. GOM
employs over 100 people in Germany,
Switzerland, France and Great Britain, and
specialises in the development of optical 3D
measurement technology for industrial use. It
says its equipment is used mainly in product
development and quality assurance, and its
reference list includes many of the OE automotive
manufacturers, but few motorsport related
companies, yet. Perhaps Tim Rapley’s wide
experience in motorsport will see changes here.
Two principal items of GOM’s systems comprise
the Physical Digital armoury – TRITOP and ATOS.
TRITOP is described as a digital photogrammetry
Physical Digital’s ATOS optical scanner in operation at RR Racing’s Woking headquarters system that comprises a high-resolution digital
Measurement trials
The aforementioned wing element was set up for Figure 2: TRITOP’s view of the wing being scanned, with reference point recognition visible (courtesy: PhysicalDigital Ltd)
measurement using both TRITOP and ATOS.
TRITOP utilises scale bars and two types of
reference markers – known as coded and
uncoded markers – that are placed on or around
the object being measured. These are used by the
image processing software to determine scale and
orientation. Small self-adhesive discs with a white
circle on a black background that are placed
randomly on the object’s surfaces are referred to
as uncoded points. In addition, larger reference
markers known as coded points are also placed
on and around the object – these can be seen in
figure 1 as the larger white on black markers on
square backgrounds. Also visible in this shot are
the scale bars, these being exactly 1 metre long
and traceable to the international standard of
length. Optical recognition markers are also
visible on the ends of the scale bars, and the bars
are placed at an angle to each other and in
different planes. Figure 3: camera positions, and ray intersections from two such positions, plotted around the reference
The data gathering process then begins with an point locations that have been computed on the Formula 3 car (courtesy: PhysicalDigital Ltd)
initial set of photographs that include the scale
bars, taken at 90 degrees to each other, that allow F3 car. The TRITOP measurement is relatively display deviations from the original CAD data on a
the software to take account of any lens quick, depending on the size of the object, its colour error map. Display labels or sections can
distortions. Then further photographs are taken complexity and the level of detail required. Once also indicate numerical values of deviations at
from random positions around the object to this image data has been gathered, if TRITOP is selected locations, and measurement reports may
provide a set of overlapping images to be used independently of ATOS then the object is no be exported or printed.
analysed by the TRITOPCMM software. The longer required. To provide further detail refinement of the
software then computes a model based on camera At this point the software can be invoked to scanned surfaces, ATOS then comes into play.
positions, ‘ray intersections’ (rays being the lines perform its image processing and triangulation Using the data determined by TRITOP that defined
joining the camera positions to the markers), lens algorithms to enable three-dimensional the locations of the uncoded points placed on the
distortion and object coordinates, and takes into coordinate determination of surface control surface, ATOS then uses a ‘fringe projection’
account the various views of the scale bars, and points, holes and so forth. CAD data can be technique to scan surface details. The area of
the coded and uncoded markers. Figure 2 is one of imported into the window on display to enable each scan is determined by the resolution
the TRITOP camera’s views of the upper surface of access to dimensions, distances, angles, and to required and by the object’s size. A set of scans is
“
the wing, showing how it has recognised these built up by successively moving the scanner head
features. Figure 3 shows a screen grab of the around the object and scanning from various
computed information from the Formula 3 car,
THE MEASURING locations until the required detail has been
with the ray intersections from two camera PRINCIPLE [OF ATOS] captured. Where specific details are required
positions highlighted. The green points are the
IS BASED ON from the ATOS scan, the coordinate system
”
computed locations of the reference markers, and defined by TRITOP maintains everything in the
can be seen to roughly mark out the shape of the TRIANGULATION correct relative positions. Figure 4 shows the
ISISIS
(6"3"/5&&%'03&7&3
TRIEDTESTEDANDUSEDBYTHEWORLDgSLEADINGMOTORSPORTTEAMS
0 U S H T H E , I M I T S
&ORMORETHANYEARS'OODRIDGEFLUIDTRANSFERSYSTEMSHAVEBEENPUSHINGTHELIMITSWITHTHE
WINNINGTEAMSINEVERYCATEGORYAROUNDTHEWORLD
,E-ANS&3PORTSCAR7ORLD2ALLY#AR
'//$2)$'%5+ ,4$%XETER%850%NGLAND
#HAMP#AR)NDY#ARAND4OURING#ARS 4EL &AX
'//$2)$'%0%2&/2-!.#%&,5)$42!.3&%23934%-3' 5 ! 2 ! . 4 % % $ & / 2 % 6 % 2 EMAILSALES GOODRIDGENETWWWGOODRIDGENET
“
to assess if surfaces are within tolerance, or can
”
DURING EACH SCAN
create a digital model of the object, the 3D data
sets can be exported for use in typical CAD
formats. If the object in question is symmetrical
mesh of the surface, with small triangles on areas then scanning half the object and using the
of curvature and larger triangles on flat areas. software’s mirror command to replicate the data
Features like holes, slots, cut-outs and edges are for the other half can reduce the time required for
identified by virtue of their contrast with data acquisition. It is also possible to increase the
surrounding areas and, by intersecting with the data resolution where needed – around fine
surface mesh, coordinates and dimensions for detail for example – and to reduce resolution
these features are defined. aligns characteristic features such as holes; or where it is not needed. In fact, according to Tim
To enable comparison with CAD data, the 3-2-1 transformation, which would be used if the Rapley, ‘you can spend a lot less time and produce
scanned data, which is in effect in its own component is mounted on a gauge. a lot more points than comparable [tactile]
arbitrary coordinate system, is mathematically Having once performed the most appropriate coordinate measurement methods.’
aligned with the CAD coordinate system using one alignment it is then possible to use the software So a brief look at the output on this wing
of three possible methods: best fit, which to generate colour deviation plots and labels, and reveals the types of deviation plots available, and
minimises the average deviation from the CAD also evaluation along sections ‘cut’ through the also that the wing did indeed deviate slightly from
surface; RPS (reference point system), which data. The scale of deviation plots can be altered its original CAD profile (not unexpected, given
Figure 6: surface deviation plot, and sectional deviation superimposed, for the Figure 7: surface deviation and sectional deviation plots for the wing’s lower
upper surface of the wing (courtesy: PhysicalDigital Ltd) surface (courtesy: PhysicalDigital Ltd)
of report that can be generated, using an example one small racecar constructor that was carrying
of a more modern passenger car ‘shell. out a feasibility study on fitting an engine for Contacts
Another motorsport-related application which there were apparently no digital models Tim Rapley, Physical Digital Ltd
involved scanning some hand bent stainless steel Tel: +44 (0)1483 857537
“
pipes. This was to enable inspection jigs to be Email: [email protected]
quickly manufactured using stereolithographic MORE ACCURATE DATA Web: www.physicaldigital.com
rapid prototyping techniques so that subsequent
hand-made pipe sets could be made to match and
COULD BE OBTAINED GOM mbH
Tel: +49 531 390 29 0, email: [email protected],
IN LESS TIME
fit like the first set. And it is easy to imagine many
www.racecar-engineering.com
physical digital limited
Brookside, Jacob’s Well, Guildford, Surrey, GU4 7NS
Tel: +44 (0) 1483 857537 Mob: 07880 703010
www.physicaldigital.com [email protected]
• 3D Design
Capture Free Form Surfaces, Hand Made or Hand Modified
Designs to CAD and Packaging of Components
• Deformation
Under Load, Temperature Change, Stress & Strain and
Deterioration through Life
It was a great opportunity for us to meet with customers, new and 84% of trade visitors rate the show as
existing - and the response following the show has been fantastic.
Roll on Autosport 2006! Andrea Rodney, Hone-all Precision an important place to do business
Autosport International is the ultimate racing show catering to the
European markets. Oscar Romano, Ferrea Racing Components 54% do not visit any other trade show
To reserve your stand space at Autosport Engineering / Manufacturing Technology Supported by:
contact the Sales Team on: +44 (0) 20 8267 8300
or Tony Tobias on: +44 (0) 7768 244 880, [email protected]
www.autosport-international.com
Special Christmas Subscription Offer
Save 30%
For the perfect Christmas gift
up
to
A subscription makes a thoughtful and
lasting gift for months to come.
PLUS
PLUS
WIN! a dream holiday for two in Barbados FREE GIFT
worth £3,000 CARD*
For more details visitwww.giftmags.co.uk
✆
SPECIAL OFFER PRICES
Direct Debit (UK only) Pay £9.45 every 3 months
www. SAVE 30% off the full price of £13.50
THE DIRECT DEBIT GUARANTEE This Guarantee is offered by all Banks and Building Societies that take part in the Direct Debit Scheme.The efficiency and security of the Scheme is monitored and protected by your own Bank or Building Society. If the amounts to be paid or the payment
dates change IPC Media Ltd. will notify you at least ten days in advance of your account being debited or as otherwise agreed. If an error is made by IPC Media Ltd. or your Bank or Building Society you are guaranteed a full and immediate refund from your branch of the amount paid.
You can cancel a Direct Debit at any time by writing to your Bank or Building Society.Please also send a copy of the letter to us.Direct Debits can ONLY be paid through a Bank or Building Society.Your Direct Debit price will stay the same for 1 year from the start date.
YES! I would like to subscribe to Racecar Engineeing I would like to send a gift to: 3. Pay £9.45 every 3 months by Direct Debit (UK only)
■ 3 monthly Direct Debit,UK only – Pay only £9.45 Please also fill out‘Your Details’opposite.To give more than one Instruction to your Bank or Building Society
every 3 months saving 30% off the full price of £13.50 subscription,please supply address details on a separate sheet. to pay by Direct Debit
■ 2 year subscription (24 issues) See price details above Mr/Mrs/Ms/Miss: Forename: For office use only.Originator’s reference - 764 221
■ 1 year subscription (12 issues) See price details above Surname: A/C no ■■■■■■■■■■
Postal Region Price £/$/€ Address:
Name of Bank:
Send coupon to: UK ONLY: IPC Media Ltd.,FREEPOST SEA 4394,
Haywards Heath,WEST SUSSEX,RH16 3BR (No stamp needed) Address:
Post/Zipcode:
OVERSEAS: IPC Media Ltd.,PO Box 272,Haywards Heath,
WEST SUSSEX, RH16 3FS,UK (Affix correct postage) State/Country:
Home Tel No.
(inc.country & area code) Postcode:
Your details: If the person you’re buying this subscription for is under 18,please add their date of birth below
Mr/Mrs/Ms/Miss: Forename:
Date of Birth: D D M M Y Y Y Y Account name:
Final closing date for all orders and prize draw is 7th March 2006. Orders received before 7th December 2005 will begin with the February 2006 issue. Orders received after 7th December 2005 will begin with the first For all gift orders received by 7 December
available issue. All prices are discounted from the full subscription rate,include p&p and are correct at time of going to press. All cards will be debited in Sterling. If Racecar Engineering changes frequency per annum,we
*2005, we will post a special gift card to you
will honour the number of issues paid for,not the term of the subscription.We regret that any occasional gifts on magazine covers are unavailable to overseas subscribers.The £9.45 offer is only available in the UK by so that you can send it on to the recipient
Direct Debit. For enquiries call +44 (0)845 676 7778,or email [email protected]. Racecar Engineering and IPC would like to contact you by post or telephone to promote and ask your opinion on our magazines and before Christmas.Unfortunately we
services. Please tick here if you prefer not to hear from IPC 앮 IPC may occasionally pass your details to carefully selected organisations so that they can contact you by telephone or post with regards to promoting and cannot guarantee this offer for orders placed after 7th
researching their products and services. Please tick here if you prefer not to be contacted 앮 Please enter my name into the prize draw only.Entrants must be resident in the UK and over the age of 18.A full list of prize draw December or for overseas orders.
terms and conditions is available on request from the address above.No purchase is required to enter. ■
66 December 2005 Racecar Engineering
Raceshop
Engine management
training
Racegear: [email protected]
Hi-tech engine management systems are found
Database: Tony Tobias in almost every area of motorsport these days.
[email protected] Racecar looks at the main players in this
The Consultant: Mark Ortiz
increasingly complex and competitive field
[email protected]
Words Ian Wagstaff
Aerobytes: Simon McBeath
via: [email protected]
A
ccording to Magneti Marelli, even with the reduction in electronics
dictated by current regulations, the overall capacity for calculation
of a Formula 1 car’s on-board computer is equivalent to a top-range
professional computer, and its level of sophistication is the same as
a fighter aircraft’s electronics, with an even higher level of component
67 Management Training integration. The Italian company currently supplies complete engine
management systems to Ferrari, Minardi, Renault, Sauber and Toyota – half
Ian Wagstaff explains what makes
of the grand prix field. Magneti Marelli points out that the most important
some engine management systems
part of a Formula 1 cars’ management system is controlling the
superior to others. injection and ignition systems. It has accordingly made improvements in
both these areas for 2005.
75 Racegear Its unit also contains gear change management that is closely linked to
Our review of the latest products and the engine management system. One of the company’s main innovations for
components for racecar engineers this year has been its ‘step 11’ version. This has a faster calculation time,
81 Database
Racecar’s comprehensive, easy to use
“ PRODUCTION-LINE TARGETS CAN ALSO BE
APPLIED TO MOTOR RACING TECHNOLOGY
”
directory of contact details for motorsport
engineering companies, manufacturers,
suppliers, teams and much, much more
– exclusive to Raceshop giving response times of a thousandth of a second. It also sees the integra-
tion of the control system and the telemetry in the same ‘box’. To formulate
data in such a short time five calculation units are used. An important part
91 Aerobytes of the system is that which manages the throttle bodies and the accelerator
Simon McBeath talks us through the
concepts of single-seater aerodynamics pedal, which are not connected directly, but through an electronic control
in yaw. that activates the throttle opening according to the characteristics of the
circuit and the different styles of each driver. Electronic management also
95 The Consultant governs the length of the air inlets to maximise the volume of air entering
Chassis guru Mark Ortiz explains the the engine under different driving conditions.
dynamics of three-wheeled vehicles. According to Bosch Motorsport, its Motronic technology was started in
production line manufacturing at the same time as it was introduced into
racecars. Now though, it is the subject of an independent manufacturing
“
The main customer for its current Alpha system with Lucas before establishing Zytek, and his com-
has instead become the kit car market, concentrat- ITS T2 BECAME pany can lay claim to having supplied the first full
ing much of its efforts in this area and offering a
turn-key, pre-calibrated kit for most of the kit car
THE SPEC FOR digital engine management system (to Toleman in
1984). Within a few races Bosch, Delco and Magneti
THE FORMULA
”
OEMs, including Westfield and Tiger. This means Marelli were all supplying such units.
that it is still involved in motorsport though, supply- Significantly, one of Zytek’s current divisions is
ing the spec system for the Westfield Challenge and product for Tiger’s ERA MZ Technologies, an alliance with Motorola. Much of Zytek’s business is in
racing cars. The company also has a network of dealers who may fit the the passenger car world, the company having been the first to introduce
system in motorsport applications. Webcon believes that it is important 32-bit integrated powertrain control in this sector. It also supplies dedicated
that end users do not map the product themselves. This, believes Eva, ena- engine management systems for motor racing, where its own engines have
bles the company to ‘preserve reliability and to offer a solution.’ been used from the old Formula 3000 through to the LMP1 car that has won
The Australian company MoTeC, which specialises in both engine this year at both Spa and the Nürburgring. Topically, its systems are to be
management and data acquisition, covers a whole raft of requirements with found on all the Zytek-engined A1 GP series cars, and are always supported
its systems. However, regardless of the level of the customer, its ECUs are by its own PC-hosted calibration tool. RE
Webcon’s Alpha-managed throttle bodies on a Ford Duratec-R engine Zytek’s management unit on its own race winning LMP1 sportscar, the 04S
RACELLS
FT3
Mini Stock,
Legends, Hill Climb,
Drag, Midgets
CUSTOM CELLS
FT3, FT3.5
SAVER CELLS® WRC Rally, Touring, SUPER CELLS
FT3 Saloon, Formulas,
Saloons, Sports, Stocks,
FT3.5, FT5
Rally Raid NASCAR, CASCAR, ASCAR,
Touring, Rally Raid, Off-Road
ASA, AUSCAR
Core
value
Tooling costs need no longer make
casting an uneconomic alternative
for the short production runs
typical in motorsport
M
etal casting is a cost-effective way of can be separated from the loose sand.
producing large batches of identical The moulds and cores produced are suitable for all
components making it a popular process in kinds of casting including alloys of aluminium and
the automotive industry. But for racecars, magnesium as well as iron and steel. Apart from
where the batch sizes are typically tiny, the cost quickly avoiding the cost of patterns, the process can also
becomes prohibitive. While the price of having patterns create core shapes that would not be possible with
and core moulds made, if spread across thousands of normal techniques. Undercuts in complex shapes can
units, is insignificant; for a small batch it can become be accommodated because the core does not have to
the dominant overhead. Even with modern CNC come out of a mould. Iterative changes are also easily
techniques the cost of machining a pattern is made allowing developments to be incorporated
substantial. Add into this the price of making moulds without expensive changes to the pattern.
for complex sand cores to create waterways or cylinder The process is particularly attractive for the short
ports and the cost can quickly rule out the process. production runs typical in motorsport and the company
Now a process offered by German company AC Tech often finds that runs of up to 40 or 50 components can
could change all that. It operates on a system similar to work out cheaper than conventional pattern making.
normal stereolithographic rapid prototyping, but rather Alternatively, the system can be used in conjunction
with conventional patterns. Typically a pattern would
be used to create the main outer mould but
“
laser-sintering would be employed to create the finer
THE PROCESS IS and more complex internal cores.
PARTICULARLY It can also be very successfully employed in historic
vehicles to replace worn out cast parts for which
Unsintered sand is poured away
leaving the shape of the cores
ATTRACTIVE FOR THE patterns have long since been lost or destroyed. RE
”
than curing resin a layer at a time this process sinters
casting sand into a solid. Two lasers are used to heat a
Germany
Tel: +49 3731 169 0
www.actech.co.uk
[email protected]
thin layer of the foundry sand into the shape of a slice
of the desired core making it bond together. Then (UK) 141 Northway
another 0.2mm-thick layer is spread over the surface Sedgley
and the process repeated with the next slice of the core. West Midlands DY3 3PY
Gradually it builds up the sand cores that afterwards Tel: +44 (0)1902 652118
quick lift
Airjack System LL-21
- New technology without spring
- Integrated blow off valve
- Extreme fast blow out less 0.2 sec.
- Very light 1.02 kg
- Stroke 230 mm
Connection
valves
easy push LL-12
Airlance System LL-03
LL-13
www.krontec.de
KRONTEC GmbH Pommernstr. 33 • 93073 Neutraubling • Germany • Tel.: +49-94 01-52 53-0 • Fax: +49-94 01-52 53-10
RACEG EAR
New products and services for racecar engineers
Cutting it
Facom’s complete range of cutters and pliers has been improved creating better results.
By changing its manufacturing procedure and investing in new grinding equipment,
Facom is now able to cut edges and mate jaws after the heat treatment has taken place.
It is common practice for manufacturers to machine their tools before the heat
treatment as, in this state, the metal is easier to work with. Yet this can cause distortion
and as a result many manufacturers refrain from using heat treatment at all, losing out on
the added strength and resilience they could gain.
By manipulating the metal after the heat treatment, Facom has managed to provide its
products with increased precision, strength and durability.
Silicon hoses
Burton Power in the UK has partnered with SFS Performance to provide silicon coolant
hoses for the Escort Mk1 and 2.
All the hose sets for the crossflow and Pinto engines are available and individual
items can be purchased if required.
A complete set of hoses for the Pinto engine, with either DGAV or DCOE carbs, is
priced at £104.99 (US$183.90). A complete five hose set for the Kent Crossflow
Engine is priced at £105.75 (US$185.26).
A previously unavailable hose running from the RS2000 heater to the DCOE inlet
manifold has also been manufactured.
Individual hoses are priced £13.95 (US$24.44) including VAT.
See us at PRI
Booth # 3321
● For more information call +44 (0)1484 713 201 ● For more information call +44 (0)1922 702 000
or visit www.millersoils.net or visit www.sptools.co.uk
aundb.de
DESIGNER AND MANUFACTURER
FOR THE MOTORSPORT INDUSTRY
Design Engineering
Precision Forgings
Forged Pistons
Block Conversions
Bore Coating
Save 25%!
USA $92.50
UK 6-monthly Direct Debit £20.25
UK Annual £40.50
The world’s leading motorsport technology magazine Rest of World £57.75
Database
Fax USA 707 935 0481 Phoenix Race Cars, 364 Hairpin Drive, Sebring,
19564 8th St. East, Sonoma, CA 95476 USA FL 33870, USA Fax (1) 813 665 1199
DRAGON USA (1) 413 267 0904 PICCHIO S.p.A Tel 0039 0861 816015/16
Small Fortune Racing, Fax 0039 0861 86246/805651
77 Stafford Hollow Road, Monson, MA 01057, USA Email: [email protected] or [email protected]
RACECAR MANUFACTURERS ELISE France (33) 1 47 49 15 66
1 Rue Pierre Cassin,
Website: www.picchio.com
Zona Industriale Ancarano
92500 Rueil Malmaison, Paris, France 64010 - Ancarano (Teramo)
EUROCAR Tel 01353 861168 Italy
Section 1 lists manufacturers of Fax 01353 861877 PILBEAM Tel 01778 424838
SHP Motorsport, Unit 7 Farraday Business Park,
Fax 01778 393032
Brand-Name Racecars. 1.1 Littleport, Ely, Cambridgeshire CB6 1SE, England
Pilbeam Racing Design, Graham Hill Way,Cherry Halt
EXTREME CARS Australia (61) 396 822225
(61) 396 821119 Road, Bourne, Lincolnshire, PE10 9PJ
Racecar Manufacturers (61) 396 900809 PIPER USA (1) 708 365 5334
Piper Engineering, 5N461 Meadowview Lane,
Sections 2-3 list component Email [email protected]
A-MAC USA (1) 408 727 9288 King Way House, St Charles, IL 60175, USA
manufacturers. Section 2 is dedicated Fax (1) 408 988 8998 188-190 Kings Way, South Melbourne, PREDATOR USA (1) 313 681 1377
A-Mac Fabrication, 1745 Grant Street, Victoria 3205 Aus. Fax (1) 248 681 1377
to Chassis Components, Section 3 to Suite 2, Santa Clara, CA 95050, USA FABCAR USA (1) 317 872 3664 Crossroads Fabrication, 265 Hillcliff,
ASCARI Tel 01295 254800 Fax (1) 317 872 3835 Waterford, MI 48328, USA
Engine and Transmission Fax 01295 255944 4148 West 99 Street Carmel Indiana PROTECH COMPOSITES LTD
Overthorpe Road, Banbury, FORCE RACING CARS Tel/Fax 01823 698117 Tel: +44(0) 1420 471 400
Components Oxfordshire OX16 4PN England Clyse Farm, Stathe, Nr Bridgwater Fax: +44 (0) 1420 487 047
APOLLO RACING DESIGN LTD Tel 01280 813580 TA7 OJN England www.protechcomposites.co.uk
Fax 01280 823015 GRAN TOURING CLASSICS 001 562 596 9242 Unit 62, Woolmer Trading Estate
Email [email protected] GOULD Tel 01635 44466 Bordon, Hampshire, GU35 9QF, UK
Website www.apolloracingdesign.com Fax 01635 30056
Sections 4-5-6 list equipment Millgate Barn, Radclive, Bucks Gould Engineering Services, Unit 7,
PROTOFORM USA (1) 607 739 7345
MK18 4AB, England Arnhem Road, Newbury, Berks, RG14 5RU Protoform Race Engineering, 51 Ponderosa Drive,
manufacturers Section 4 is dedicated BARRELLI Italy (39) 02 782427 ICP/CITATION USA (1) 317 273 0089 Horseheads, NY 14845, USA
Flli Barrelli, Via La Spezia 5, 20156 Milan, Italy Indianapolis Competition Products, RACEFAB USA (1) 713 694 8335
to Factory Equipment Section 5 to BRD Race Cars Inc. Tel (1) 716 637 9467 1717 Expo Lane, Indianapolis, Fax (1) 713 694 8335
16 Hollybrook Road, Brockport, NY 14420, USA IN 46214, USA 8307 Beauman Road, Houston, TX 77022, USA
Circuit Equipment Sections 6 to BODOLA Tel Sweden 46 171 27690 JADE Tel 01883 744 443 RALT 01865 883354
Fax Sweden 46 171 27690 Fax 01883 744 443 Fax 01865 883789
Driver Equipment Bodin ChassiTeknik, Skalbygatan 8, Address Jade Motorsport Engineering, Unit 2 Pendell Ralt Engineering, Sutton Farm House,
745 37 Enkoping, Sweden Farm, Pendell Road Bletchingley Surrey RH1 4QH Sutton, Witney, Oxfordshire OX29 SRD, England
BREDA Italy (39) 049 9001895 JEDI Tel 01933 440774 US Importer
Fax (390) 49 900 2821 John Corbyn Motors, 36A Stanley Road, Tel (1) 310 533 1144 Fax (1) 310 530 0139
Sections 7-8-9-10 list companies that Breda Racing s.r.l, via Buonarotti 10a, Wellingborough, Northamptonshire Ralt American, 23110 Kashiwa Court,
35035 Mestrino,PD, Italy NN8 1DY, England Torrance, CA 90505, USA
supply services. Section 7 is devoted BRYTEC Tel 01772 786500 KBS USA (1) 909 355 4800 RAPTOR USA (1) 215 775 1938
Fax 01772 786500 Fax (1) 909 355 5933 Performance Engineering,
to Chassis Engineering Services, Lower College, Hothersall Lane, Longridge, KBS Engineering, 8296 Fremontia, RD5 Box 5435, Mohnton, PA 19540, USA
Preston, Lancashire PR3 2XB Suite B, Fontana, CA 91404, USA RAY Tel 0208 680 9418
Section 8 to Engine / Transmission / CARBIR USA (1) 262 377 2850 KUDZU USA (1) 404 457 6300 Fax 0208 688 4026
Fax (1) 262 375 1602 Fax (1) 404 458 6118 15 Silverwing Industrial Park,
Suspension Services Section 9 to Carbir Race Cars Inc, 1220 Falls Road, 5096 Peachtree Road, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA Horatius Way, Croydon, Surrey CR0 4RU, England
Grafton, WI 53024, USA LAZER USA (1) 906 863 5003 RILEY & SCOTT USA (1) 317 248 9470
Testing Services Section 10 to CHEEK Norway (47) 90 78 70 32 Campbell Motorsport, W7719 Fernwood Drive, Fax (1) 317 248 0182
Fax (47) 69 19 02 55 Menominee, MI 49858, USA
Cheek Racing Cars, Flatebyvn 3, 1792 Tistedal, Norway LOLA Tel 01480 451301 1200 Main Street, Speedway,
Non-Engineering Services CHEETAH USA (1) 408 492 1331 Fax 01480 456722 Indianapolis IN 46224, USA
Fax USA (1) 408 492 1333 Lola Cars International, Glebe Road, St Peters Hill,
Omni Fab, 380 Martin Avenue, Santa Clara, CA 95050 Huntingdon, Cambridgeshire PE18 7DS, England
To get your company listed in the CHEVRON Tel 01300 348499 US Importer
The Chevron Centre, Piddle Trenthide, Tel (1) 317 244 2277 Fax (1) 317 390 2121
racecar database please contact Nr Dorchester, Dorset DT2 7RF, England Lola Cars Inc, Suite B, 2801 Fortune Circle East,
US Importer Continental Crosslé Tel (1) 513 777 4545 Indianapolis, IN 46241, USA RML LTD Tel 01933 402440
9000 Debbie Drive, West Chester, OH 45069, USA LUCCHINI Italy (39) 0376 391271 Fax 01933 676519
Andy King - 0208 726 8329 DALLARA Italy (390) 525 550711 Fax (39) 0376 391200 www.rmlmallock.co.uk
Fax (390) 525 53478 Lucchini Engineering, via Valeggio 2, 6-10 Whittle Close, Park Farm Ind Est,
[email protected] Dallara Automobili, Via Provinciale 33, 45100 Mantova, Italy Wellingborough, Northants NN8 6TY England
43040 Varano Melegari, Parma, Italy LYNCAR ENGINEERING Tel 01635 860066 SABRE USA (1) 714 693 0296
DEBORA France (33) 381 52 02 10 36 Fax 01635 860066 USA Race Cars, 1535 Harmony Circle, Anaheim,
Fax (33) 381 51 18 51 Email: [email protected] CA 92807, USA Fax (1) 714 693 3164
Costs listed below: bis Rue du Docteur Moras, 25000 Besancon, France Briff Lane, Bucklebury, Reading, Berkshire RG7 6SN SCCA USA (1) 303 693 2111
DAN GURNEY’S ALL AMERICAN RACERS,INC MAGNUM Tel 01933 442861 Fax (1) 303 680 5633
Name and number £50 - 12 issues Tel USA 714 540 1771 Fax 01933 22552 Spec Racer, 7476 South Eagle Street, Unit 5, Englewood,
Fax USA 714 540 3749 141 Laurence Leyland Industrial Estate, CO 80112, USA
Name and number bold 2334 South Broadway PO BOX 2186, Wellingborough, Northamptonshire SCARAB Tel 01636 822033R
Santa Ana, CA 92707, USA NN8 1RA, England
£70 - 12 issues MALLOCK Tel 01604 863504 RS Racing & Specialised Services,
Fax 01604 863807 High House,Kirton Road, Egmanton,
Logo and full company details Mallock Racing, Rowley Wood Lane, Hartwell, Newark, Nottinghamshire NG22 0HF, England
Northamptonshire NN7 2QT, England SEZIO FLORIDA RACING
£420 - 12 issues including web, MARK BAILEY RACING Tel 01380 850130 Tel: 001 776 878145
Fax 01380 850140 SHELBY USA (1) 310 538 2914
address, email etc etc MBR Building, 8A Jockey Lane Bromham, Fax (1) 310 538 0126
DJ RACECARS Tel 01663 734518 Chippenham, Wiltshire, SN15 2EZ Shelby Can-Am, Shelby Technologies Inc, 19021 South
£210 - 6 issues Fax 01663 732 130 MATT WATERMAN MOTORSPORT DESIGN Figueroa, Gardena, CA 90248, USA
Email [email protected] Tel 0408 216357 SPECTRUM Australia (61) 3 95 80 52 36
Unit 10, Britannia Rd Est, MYGALE Tel France 33 3 8621 8621 Fax (61) 3 95 80 53 31
Buxworth, Nr Whaley Bridge, High Peak, SK23 7NF Fax France 33 3 8621 8622 Spectrum Racing Cars, Borland Racing Developments,
www. DOME CO. LTD 198-1 Hanajiricho, Yase, Sakyoku,
Kyoto, Japan
Technopole du Circuit, 58470 Magny-Cors, France
OSELLA S.R.L Tel 0972 715852
39 Industrial Drive, Braeside, Victoria, Australia 3195
STRYX Tel 01789 750567
Tel 81 (0)75744-3131 Fax 0972 715391 Fax 01789 292183
racecarengineering.com DOME CARS. LTD
Fax 81 (0)75744-3035
Roebuck House PANOZ
Z.I Valle di Vitalba, 85020 Atella, (PZ)
Tel USA (1) 770 967 2310
Minerva Developments, Grafton Lodge, Binton,
Stratford-on-Avon, Warwickshire CV37 9TX, England
Cox Lane, Chessington, Surrey KT9 IDG England Fax USA (1) 770 965 8762 SPICE RACING CARS LTD Tel 01483 203956
Tel 0208 397 9999 5294 Winder Highway, Braselton, Fax 01483 203956
Fax 0208 397 6830 GA 30517, USA
Int House, 31 Church Road, Hendon,
Andy King on NW4 4EB, England
Tel: +44 (0)20 8726 8329 SWIFT US Importer International Racing Products
Tel (1) 800 793 0496
1034 Riva Ridge, Great Falls, VA 22066, USA
SYMBOL Italy (39) 0362 903967
[email protected] Symbol Team srl, via Fiume 17,
Carate Brianza, 20048 MI, Italy
MODULAR + ERGONOMIC TAMPOLLI Italy (39) 055 8873268
Fax (39) 055 8825777
RACECAR DATABASE is compiled by IPC Media for publication only in ● WORKBENCHES Tampolli Engineering, via degli Artigiani 44-46,
RACECAR ENGINEERING magazine. RACECAR has not tested products, Calenzano, 50041 FI, Italy
equipment or services that are listed, and this listing does not imply ● TOOL STORAGE TOM’S Japan (81) 3370 46801
any form of endorsement. Although every care is taken to ensure that Fax (81) 3370 46805
RACECAR DATABASE is accurate and up-to-date, the publisher can ● RACKING 6-13-10 Todoroki Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, Japan 158
accept no responsibility for errors or omissions.
TPG 0039 682 32225
STATIC or MOBILE VAN DIEMEN Tel 01953 888195
Fax 01953 888178
© IPC MEDIA 2003. All rights reserved. Reproduction (in whole or in
Van Diemen International Racing Services, Chalk Road,
part) of any text contained in RACECAR DATABASE (including repro- www.gwssystems.com Snetterton, Norfolk NR16 2JZ, England
duction by photocopying), without the written permission of the pub- US Importer Primus Racing
lisher, is strictly prohibited. 01403 276 445 Tel (1) 813 522 7544 Fax (1) 813 522 7417
3608 Morris Street, St Petersburg, FL 33407, USA
Database 3
USA (1) 714 727 3700 AP RACING 02476 639595
FASTENER FACTORY 01327 311018 BT BRAKE TECHNOLOGY Germany (49) 6003 829119
OHLINS RACING UK 0208 974 1615 USA (1) 239 772 4261
CARBONE INDUSTRIE France (33) 14 972 2305 A.R.P. USA Tel: (1) 805 339 2200
Fax: (1) 805 650 0742
Circuit Supplies are the main UK distributor for Ferodo Racing brake pads including the new
DS2500 material - developed especially for track day and high performance road use.
ALSO AP RACING MAIN DISTRIBUTOR
Unit 22, Harmill Industrial Estate, Grovebury Road, Leighton Buzzard, Beds LU7 4FF, England
Telephone: 01525 385 888 (International +44 1525 385 888)
Fax: 01525 385 898 (International +44 1525 385 898) Mobile: 07774 689600
Main UK Distributors Email: [email protected] Website: www.circuitsupplies.com Main Distributors
Database 4
Fax (0) 24 7663 9559 TAT Germany (49) 7252 84258
Wheler Road, Coventry, CV3 4LB
FICHTEL & SACHS 0208 654 8835 DYNAMOMETERS: ENGINE
INTERCOMP USA Tel (1) 763 476 2531 GOODRIDGE 01392 369090 AVL Germany (49) 61 34 71 790
Fax (1) 763 476 2613 LOLA Tel 01480 451301 DSP TECHNOLOGY 01932 351516
14465 23rd Avenue N, Minneapolis, MN 55447, USA Fax 01480 456722 DYNAMIC TEST SYSTEMS 01842 755744
ISAAC INSTRUMENTS INC. Tel: (450) 658 7520
Fax: (450) 658 3322
QUARTER MASTER USA (1) 847 540 8999
Fax (1) 847 540 0526 FACTORY EQUIPMENT ENGINE & DYNAMOMETER
FROUDE CONSINE
01708 857108
01905 856800
Email: [email protected] 510 Telser Road, Lake Zurich, IL 60047, USA JKM AUTOMOTIVE USA (1) 508 966 2531
Website www.isaac.ca SUPER CLUTCH UK 01926 812136 LAND & SEA USA (1) 603 329 5645
25 Robert, Chamby, Quebec, Canada J3L IS2 RTRAC Germany (49) 9725 5075 LOTUS ENGINEERING 01953 608000
LONGACRE USA (1) 425 485 0620
McCLAREN ELECTRONICS 01483 261400 4.1 Factory Hardware MOTORSPORTS INTERFACE
TAT
01788 890412
Germany (49) 7252 84258
MM COMPETITION SYSTEMS 08707 444666
MOTEC Australia (61) 3 9761 5050 AIR LINES & FITTINGS DYNAMOMETER INSTRUMENTATION
MOTEC (EUROPE) UK 08700 119100 A.N. MOTORSPORT DESIGN 01628 776320 AQUIRED DATA SYSTEMS USA (1) 810 566 0131
MOTEC JAPAN Japan (81) 489 46 1734 EARL’S UK 01327 858221 DEPAC DYNO SYSTEMS USA (1) 315 339 1265
MOTEC SYSTEMS USA USA (1) 714 897 6804 EXACT ENGINEERING 01803 866464 DYNOLAB USA (1) 206 243 8877
MOTECH USA (1) 804 973 1399 SACHS RACE ENGINEERING GmbH Fhs Motor Racing Ltd 01753 513080
MOTOR SPORT ELEC Australia (61) 7 3290 1309 Tel +49 9721-984300 FROUDE CONSINE 01905 856800
GOODRIDGE UK 01392 369090 LAND & SEA USA (1) 603 329 5645
MOTORSPORTS INTERFACE 01327 311011 Fax +49 9721-984299 GOODRIDGE CA USA (1) 310 533 1924
MTS Powertrain Tech Tel 01932 351516 Email [email protected] KISTLER Instruments Ltd 01420 544477
Website www.sachs-race-engineering.de GOODRIDGE INDY USA (1) 317 244 1000 PERFORMANCE TRENDS USA (1) 248 473 9230
Fax 01932 351517 GOODRIDGE EAST USA(1) 704 662 9095 QUADRANT SCIENTIFIC USA (1) 303 666 8414
7 Glen Court,Canada Road, Byfleet, Surrey KT14 7JL Ernst-Sachs-Strasse 62, 97424 Schweinfurt, Germany
SACHS BOGE UK 01788 822353 INGERSOLL RAND 01204 690690 ROEHRIG ENGINEERING USA (1) 336 431 1827
NIPPON DENSO Japan (81) 56 625 6951 JLS MOTORSPORT 0121 525 7733 SUPERFLOW USA (1) 800 471 7701
PECTEL CONTROL SYSTEMS +44 (0)1954 253610 TILTON ENGINEERING USA (1) 805 688 2353
Fax (1) 805 688 2745 KRONTEC Germany (49) 9401 703062 Belgium 3215 216300
PENNY & GILES 01202 409409 25 Easy Street, Buellton, CA 93427 USA REGENT 01908 612602 TAT Germany (49) 7252 84258
PERFORMANCE TRENDS USA (1) 248 473 9230 WILWOOD ENGINEERING Fax (1) 805 388 4938 ROTOTEST Sweden 46 8532 55890
PI RESEARCH 01954 253600 USA (1) 805 388 1188 THINK AUTOMOTIVE 0208 568 1172 ENGINE BALANCING EQUIP
POLY LOGIC 01462 621066 416 Calle San Pablo, Camarillo, CA 93012, USA ABS PRODUCTS USA (1) 714 671 0728
QINETIQ 08700 100942 AIR TOOLS BC GEROLAMY USA (1) 916 638 9008
QUANTUM SUSPENSION 01243 865058 COMPLETE TRANSMISSIONS POWERHOUSE PRODUCTS USA 800 872 7223
RACE DATA ENGINEERING USA (1) 714 449 1445 DESOUTTER AUTOMOTIVE 0208 205 4884
SAKATA MOTORSPORT ELEC. INC. (714) 446 9473 SCHMITT EUROPE 02476 697192
STACK Tel 01869 240404 SUNNEN PRODUCTS USA (1) 800 772 2878
Fax 01869 245500 WINONA VAN Canada (1) 800 833 4870
email: [email protected] ENGINE HOISTS
Wedgewood Road, Bicester Oxfordshire, OX26 4UL RICARDO MIDLANDS TECHNICAL CENTRE MR GASKET PERFORMANCE USA (1) 216 398 8300
STEVE BUNKHALL 01223 303025 DINO PAOLI S.R.L. Tel: +390 522 300828
Tel: 01926 319399 Fax: +390 522 304864 SILVER SEAL USA (1) 800 521 2936
VARIOHM 01327 351004 Fax: 01926 319352 email: [email protected]
Email: [email protected] Website: www.dinopaoli.com ENGINE STANDS
ENGINE MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS Website: www.ricardo.com ABS PRODUCTS USA (1) 714 671 0728
ADVANCED AUTOMOTIVE 01753 642019 Southam Road, Radford Semele, Via Guido Dorso, 542100, Reggio Emilia, Italy
FACOM 01932 566099 BLUEBIRD USA (1) 800 808 2473
ASNU 0208 420 4494 Leamington Spa CV31 1FQ C-LINE USA (1) 800 645 7267
BOSCH 01895 834466 INGERSOLL RAND 01204 690690
JLS MOTORSPORT 0121 525 7733 DYNAMIC TEST SYSTEMS USA (1) 800 243 3966
Germany (49) 711 8111 CWP’S GOODSON USA (1) 507 452 1830
USA (1) 312 865 5200 DAVID BROWN 01484 422180 JEGS USA (1) 614 294 5451
CONNAUGHT 01795 843802 DTS USA (1) 313 778 0540 CNC MACHINING CENTRES
MOROSO PERFORMANCE USA (1) 203 453 6571
DATASPARES 0208 463 9229 JCM TRANSAXLES USA (1) 303 695 6093 ABSOLUTE MACHINE TOOL USA (1) 440 324 5133 MR GASKET PERFORMANCE USA (1) 216 398 8300
SBD MOTORSPORT 0208 391 0121 MARK BAILEY RACING 01380 850130 BOSTON DIGITAL USA (1) 508 473 4561 RACER COMPONENTS USA (1) 903 581 5976
McCLAREN ELECTRONICS 01483 261400 XTRAC LTD 01635 293800 BRIDGEPORT MACHINE USA (1) 248 299 1750 SCRIBNER USA (1) 916 638 1515
MM COMPETITION 08707 444666 DEREK ROBINSON 0116 266 2222
DIFFERENTIALS DEWCO USA (1) 765 962 7201 FLOW BENCHES
AJEC INDUSTRIES 01242 222739 MACHINERY SALES USA (1) 510 490 4000 ASNU 0208 420 4494
GEARACE LIMITED 01869 277563 MAKINO USA (1) 800 552 3288 AUDIE TECHNOLOGY USA (1) 610 630 5895
GKN AXLES 0207 930 2424 MEDDINGS MACHINES 01752 893277 CV PRODUCTS USA (1) 800 448 1223
HEWLAND ENG 01628 827600 MILLS ENGINEERING 01603 745531 CLO-FLOW South Africa (27) 11 963128
MOTEC PTY LTD Aus Tel: 613 9761 5050 JCM TRANSAXLES USA (1) 303 695 6093 MILLSITE ENGINEERING USA (1) 304 273 5353 DEPAC DYNO SYSTEMS USA (1) 315 339 1265
Aus Fax: 613 9761 5051 MARK BAILEY RACING 01380 850130 RGS PERFORMANCE USA (1) 716 434 2509 FLOWDATA USA (1) 714 632 7828
Japan +81 489 461 734 QUAIFE ENGINEERING 01732 741144 RMT MECHATRONICS 01565 650411 HODGE MFG USA (1) 800 262 4634
121 Merringdale Drive RICARDO 01273 455611 SERDI 01895 232215 PERFORMANCE TRENDS USA (1) 248 473 9230
Croydon South Victoria Australia RICARDO MIDLANDS TECHNICAL CENTRE 01926 319399 SOUTHWESTERN IND USA (1) 310 608 4422 ROEHRIG ENGINEERING USA (1) 336 431 1827
UK: +44 8700 119100 TOM’S DIFFERENTIALS USA (1) 310 634 8431 SPA AEROFOILS LTD 01827 260026
TRAN-X GEARS LTD 02476 659061 SUPERFLOW USA (1) 800 471 7701
USA +1 714 895 7001 T&S USA (1) 940 668 1002 Belgium 3215 216300
PECTEL CONTROL SYSTEMS +44 (0)1954 253610 XTRAC LTD 01635 293800
ZEXEL-GLEASON USA (1) 716 464 5000 TOYODA EUROPE 02476 547200 TAT Germany (49) 7252 84258
PRECISION RACE SERVICES USA (1) 248 844 1060
SAKATA MOTORSPORT ELEC. INC. (714) 446 9473
STACK 01869 240404 DRIVESHAFTS
SUPERCHIPS
TERRY SHEPHERD TUNING
01280 816781
01695 574454
Dynamometer Services Group Ltd
WALBRO ENGINE MANAGEMENT USA (1)989 872 7091 Contact DSG (Formerly EDS)
ZYTEK SYSTEMS 0121 323 2323
CTG Tel: +44 (0)1295 220130
ENGINE SENSORS Fax: +44 (0)1295 220138 Sales of New & Second-hand Dynamometers
Email: [email protected]
ACTIVE SENSORS Tel 01202 480620 www.ctgltd.co.uk Engine Test Equipment incl. Computer Control & Data Logging
Fax 01202 480664 Thorpe Park, Thorpe Way, Banbury, Oxfordshire
Unit 12, Wilverley Rd, Christchurch, Dorset, BH23 3RU England OX16 4SU United Kingdom Refurbishment & Updating of Dynamometers & Ancillaries
AVL DEUTSCHLAND (49) 6134 7179-0
Gmbh Germany Fabrication of Engine Test Stands
DATASPARES 0208 463 9229 Dynamic Balancing & CARRILLO Con-Rods
ENTRAN 01923 893 999
KISTLER INSTRUMENTS 01420 544477
GKN MOTOR SPORT Tel 0121 313 1661 Dynamometer Services Group Ltd.,
Fax 0121 313 2074
Unit 5, Kingsbury Business Park, P.O. Box 163, Upminster RM14 3WL
KULITE SENSORS Tel 01256 461646 Kingsbury Road, Minworth, Sutton Coldfield, Tel/Fax: 01708-857108
Kulite House, Stroudley Road, Basinstoke, RG24 8UG, England Birmingham B76 9DL, England
Database 5
MRTC 0150 981 2610 TYRE PRESSURE GAUGES
QINETIQ 08700 100942
STRODE SOUND 01761 419248 BERU F1 SYSTEMS 01374 646200
GRAND PRIX RACEWEAR 0208 987 5500
RAIN SUITS THE STRAIN GAUGING CO 01256 320666
FEV Tel 01243 555566 Fax 01234 555660 DEMON TWEEKS 01978 664466 TRIDENT 01327 857822
Email [email protected]
CIRCUIT EQUIPMENT
GRAND PRIX PROMOTIONS 01474 879524
www.f-e-v.co.uk JAYBRAND 01733 68247 TYRE TEMPERATURE GAUGES
Unit 10 Ford Lane Business Park, REDLINE MOTORSPORT Tel 01606 737500 THE STRAIN GAUGING CO 01256 320666
Ford, West Sussex BN18 0UZ TRIDENT 01327 857822
FIREMASTER 0208 852 8585 REFUELLING LINES & VALVES
5.1 Pits Equipment LIFELINE FIRE SYSTEMS
Mardi Gras Motorsports
02476 712999
01327 858 006
DUNLOP
EXACT ENGINEERING
01235 863863
01803 866464
TYRE TROLLEYS
OMS RACING 01132 575956
OMP 0208 656 7031 GTC COMPETITION 01483 272151
AIR COMPRESSORS Italy (39) 10 680 851
COMPAIR UK 01494 465000 KRONTEC Germany (49) 9401 703062 TYRE WARMERS
QINETIQ 08700 100942 PREMIER FUEL SYSTEMS 01332 850515
COMPAIR UK 01473 602222 SILVERSTONE RACE SERVICES 01327 858441 BANDIT Australia (61) 3 9318 0644
ROTOTEST Sweden 46 8532 55 890 THE STRAIN GAUGING CO 01256 320666 DEMON TWEEKS 01978 664466
SPA DESIGN 01827 288328
SPA TECHNIQUE USA (1)317 271 7941 GRAND PRIX RACEWEAR 020 8987 5500
AIR LINES & FITTINGS REFUELLING RIGS JAYBRAND O733 68247
TRIDENT 01327 857822 DEMON TWEEKS 01978 664466
EXACT ENGINEERING 01803 866464 REDLINE MOTORSPORT Tel 01606 737500
FASTENER FACTORY 01327 311018 GTC COMPETITION 01483 272 151 SEEKERS 0151 524 0919
FLOOR CRANES PREMIER FUEL SYSTEMS 01332 850515
FHS Motor Racing Ltd 01753 513080 ANRICK TRADING NZ (04) 5899371
GOODRIDGE UK 01392 369090 REDLINE MOTORSPORT Tel 01606 737500
FASTNER FACTORY 01327 311018 SPA DESIGN 01827 288328
GOODRIDGE CA USA (1) 310 533 1924 SLINGSBY 01274 721591
GOODRIDGE INDY USA (1) 317 244 1000 THE STRAIN GAUGING CO 01256 320666 5.2 Paddock Equipment
GOODRIDGE EAST USA (1) 704 662 9095
JLS MOTORSPORT 0121 525 7733 FUME EXTRACTORS SCISSOR PLATFORMS AWNINGS
KRONTEC Germany (49) 9401 703062 DENCER 01789 470198 SLINGSBY 01274 721591
INGERSOLL RAND 01204 690690 ALFRED BULL 01483 575492
Fax (49) 9401 70 24 76 ALRESFORD TECTONICS 01962 736316
Berliner Straße 31, 93073 Neutraubling, Germany SETUP FLOORS
HAND PUMPS AWNING COMPANY 01204 363463
MOTORSPORTS NZ NZ 0064 2596 5599 ACTIVE ENGINEERING USA 001 714 637 1155 BARKERS 020 8653 1988
THINK AUTOMOTIVE 0208 568 1172 EXACT ENGINEERING 01803 866464 4-PATCH 01376 348246
FACOM 01932 566099 KS MOTORSPORT Germany (49) 2271 44905 DEANS AWNINGS 01942 241399
BATTERY CHARGERS SILVERSTONE RACE SERVICES 01327 858441 ME MOTORSPORT 01884 253070 MAYFLOWER 01494 712131
POWER TRANS SOLUTIONS ~Tel 01722 332126 SNAP-ON USA (1) 414 656 5372 RML 01933 402440 PIT BITS 01727 858297
Fax 01722 333 522 0161 969 0126 THE STRAIN GAUGING CO 01256 320666 TOP MARQUEES 01623 740777
www.wynall.com WURTH UK 0208 310 6666 SPA AEROFOILS LTD 01827 260026
Stephens Road, Church Fields UNIVERSITY OF HERTFORDSHIRE 01707 284270 MOTORHOME HIRE
Salisbury, Wiltshire, FP2 7NX HAND TRUCKS SETUP GAUGES ATLANTIC COAST 01297 552222
TRIDENT 01327 857822 OMS RACING 01132 575956 A.R.T. USA (1) 914 889 4499 DAVID WILSON’S TRAILERS 01825 740696
CAMBER GAUGES SILVERSTONE RACE SERVICES 01327 858441 CYBER DYNAMICS 01869 347812 DUDLEYS 01993 703774
DEMON TWEEKS 01978 664466 HEAD TORCHES DEMON TWEEKS 01978 664466 MIDLAND INTERNATIONAL 02476 336411
75 Ash Road South, Wrexham Industrial Estate, ESSEX RACING USA (1) 404 889 4096 ILONGACRE RACING USA (1) 206 885 3823 SPIRES OF OXFORD 01865 875539
Wrexham, Clwyd LL13 9UG, Wales HELLA 01295 272233 ME MOTORSPORT 01884 253070 WESTCROFT AMERICAN 01902 731324
Database 7
VIN MALKIE RACING 01565 777395 G FORCE COMPOSITES 01243 544192
ZEUS M/SPORT ENG LTD 01604 878101 GRIFFITHS ENGINEERING 01582 600629 ROAD & STAGE MOTORSPORT 01524 844066
JANUS TECHNOLOGY 01753 869996 ROADSPEED PERFORMANCE 01453 750864
DESIGN AND ANALYSIS MICRO CRAFT USA (1) 909 947 1843 RPM FRANCE (33) 3 86 66 00 08
PROTECH COMPOSITES LTD Tel: +44(0) 1420 471 400 SCARBOROUGH Canada (1) 416 759 9309
CHASSIS ENGINEERING Fax: +44 (0) 1420 487 047
www.protechcomposites.co.uk
SEARLE
STEVE CARBONE RACING
0208 305 2250
USA (1) 918 835 6596
SERVICES ENABLING TECHNOLOGIES CONSULTING ENGINEERS LTD
Unit 62, Woolmer Trading Estate
Bordon, Hampshire, GU35 9QF, UK
SWAYMAR
SWINDON RACING ENGINES
01932 868377
01793 531321
Tel +44 (0)1983 550480 Fax +44 (0)1983 550489 ROSS COURTNEY 01384 291919 TECNO 01268 764047
Email [email protected] STARTLINE UK LTD 01933 665752 TERRY SHEPHERD TUNING 01695 574454
Web enablingtechnologies.co.uk SECART ENGINEERING 001 203 798 6698 THINK AUTOMOTIVE Tel 0208 568 1172
7.1 Chassis Services Innovation Centre, St Cross Business Park, Fax 0208 847 5338
Monks Brook, New Port, Isle of Wight PO30 5WB, England SPACEFRAME DESIGN Email [email protected]
BODYWORK SPECIALISTS LOLA Tel 01480 451301 ÆOLUS TECHNOLOGY USA (1) 970 472 1288 292 Worton Road, Isleworth, Middlesex, TW7 6El
ABBEY PANELS 02476 644999 Fax 01480 456722 ENABLING TECHNOLOGIES LTD 01983 550483 THUNDERBIRD RACING INT LTD 01623 622848
ADVANCED COMPOSITES 01773 763441 COSINE TECHNOLOGY 01706 378851 VAN DYNE ENGINEERING USA (1) 714 847 4417
ANDY ROUSE ENGINEERING 02476 635182 CRANFIELD UNIVERSITY 01234 754152 WARRIOR 01825 764833
AERO APPLICATIONS USA (1) 562 597 0001 DAVID POTTER CONSULTING 0033(0) 494 339090 ZYTEK ENGINEERING 01332 48974
AERODINE COMPOSITES USA (1) 317 271 1207 DEREK BENNETT ENGINEERING 01565 777395 ZEUS MOTORSPORT ENGINEERING LIMITED
AERODYNAMIC CONSULTANTS (661) 729 5628 MAGNUM CARS 01933 442861 Tel 01604 878101 Fax 01604 878111
APPLIED FIBREGLASS 01842 765339 RICARDO MIDLANDS TECHNICAL CENTRE Ray Mallock LTD (RML) Tel 01933 402440 The Racing Stables, Blisworth Hill Farm,
ASQUITH BROTHERS 01924 402001 Tel 01926 477208 Fax 01926 477222 Fax 01933 676519 Stoke Road, Blisworth, Northants NN7 3DB
Email: [email protected] www.rmlmallock.co.uk
C&B Consultants Aerodynamics 01202 617 1707 Website: www.ricardo.com
CML GROUP 0151 647 5531 6-10 Whittle Close, Park Farm Industrial Estate,
Southam Rd, Radford Semele, Leamington Spa CV31 1FQ Wellingborough, Northants NN8 6TY England
COMPOSITE DESIGN USA (1) 727 539 0605
CRANFIELD UNIVERSITY 01234 754152 FABRICATION
STARTLINE UK LTD 01933 665752
8.2 Engine Services
CROPREDY BRIDGE GARAGE 01295 758444
Database 8
ABBEY PANELS 02476 644999
DEREK PALMER ENGINEERING 01555 893315 A-MAC FABRICATION USA (1) 408 727 9288 REBUILDS
DON FOSTER France (33) 470 580308 ANDY ROUSE ENGINEERING 02476 635182 ANDREASON RACING 01300 348499
EARS MOTORSPORT 01625 433773 ANEX SYSTEMS 01869 345038 ANEX SYSTEMS 01869 345038
FIBRESPORTS 01268 527331 BTR PREPARATIONS 01977 522348
GRAHAM HATHAWAY RACING
GTC COMPETITION
01621 856956
01483 272151 DRIVETRAIN & SUSPENSION EARS MOTORSPORT
GTC COMPETITION
01625 433773
01483 272151
GTI ENGINEERING
HAMLYN MOTOR SERVICES
01280 700800
01582 841284 ENGINEERING SERVICES HAUS OF PERFORMANCE USA (1) 714 545 2755
HEDDINGTON COACHWORKS 01380 850198
INTAPORSCH 01273 834241
LOTUS ENGINEERING 01953 608000
LYNX MOTORS 01424 851277 AUTOMOTIVE FABRICATION Tel/Fax 001 214 745 1148 8.1 Engine Services
MERLIN BODYCRAFT 01280 705156 Email [email protected]
MITCHELL NZ (64) 78236188 1027 Levee Street Dallas, Texas 75207 RACE PREPARATION HEWLAND ENGINEERING Tel 01628 827600
PODIUM DESIGN 07000 763486 ASTEC 01332 875451 ALDON 01384 572553 Fax 01628 829706
SPA COMPOSITES 01543 432904 AZTEK 01509 261299 ANDY ROUSE ENGINEERING 02476 635182 Waltham Road, Maidenhead, Berks, SL6 3LR
BBW 01483 722 713 AUTOKRAFT 0121 777 2083 JACK KNIGHT 01483 764326
COMPOSITES SPECIALISTS BOB SPARSHOTT ENGINEERING 01908 618080 AZTEK 01509 261299
BRADY FABRICATIONS 01869 252750 BJ MOTOR ENGINEERS 0161 748 8663 JP RACE CENTRE 01327 858151
Active engineering USA 001 714 637 1155 BRISE ALLOY FABRICATIONS 01322 222343 BR MOTORSPORT 01926 451545 KREMSPEED EQUIPMENT INC. USA (1)814 724 4086
ACTIVA TECHNOLOGY 020 8974 1615 BSS PARTS 01772 601602 DAVE CROSS MOTOR SERVICES 01246 477566 MARK BAILEY RACING 01380 850130
ÆOLUS TECHNOLOGY USA (1) 970 472 1288 CHEVRON RACING 01565 777395 SBD MOTORSPORT 0208 391 0121 MATRIX ENGINEERING USA (1) 888 249 0013
AERODINE COMPOSITES USA (1) 317 271 1207 CHIP GANASSI RACING 01243 544192 CLEM COMPETITION USA (1) 214 503 8044 ME MOTORSPORTS 01884 253070
APPLIED FIBREGLASS 01842 765339 CML GROUP 0151 647 5531 CONCEPT MOTORSPORT 0208 568 0293 QUAIFE ENGINEERING Tel 01732 741144
ASTEC 01332 875451 COLMET PRECISION 01296 681658 CONTINENTAL M/SPORT USA (1) 513 459 8888 Fax 01732 741555
B&K RESINS 0208 464 7734 COMPOSITE DESIGN USA (1) 727 539 0605 DBR MotorSport Tel 0161 627 4189 Fax 0161 627 4189 Email [email protected]
C&B CONSULTANT AERODYNAMICS 01202 661707 COMPETITION FABRICATIONS 01953 454573 Unit 4 Forge Ind Estate, Green Acres Road, www.quaife.co.uk
CARBON FIBRE TECHNOLOGY 01508 488257 CRANFIELD UNIVERSITY 01234 754152 Oldham Lancashire, ol4 7LE Vestry Road, Sevenoaks, Kent, TN14 5EL
CARBONE INDUSTRIE France (33) 14 972 2305 CTG RACING 01202 871102 DJ RACECARS 01663 734518 ROADSPEED PERFORMANCE 01453 750864
COMPOSITE AUTOMOTIVE TECH 01249 443438 DEREK BENNETT 01565 777395 DTM POWER 01865 407726 TONY THOMPSON RACING 01664 812454d
COMPOSITE DESIGN USA (1) 727 539 0605 DJ RACECARS 01663 734518 DUNNELL ENGINES 01449 677726 ZF Germany (49) 7541 77 2543
COMPOSITE WINGS 01953 885478 DOCKING ENGINEERING 01327 857164 EARS MOTORSPORT 01625 433773 UK 0115 9869211
Database 9
CRANFIELD UNIVERSITY Tel 01234 754902 MARCH 01280 704160
Fax 01234 751671 MICRO CRAFT USA (1) 909 947 1843
Email [email protected] MIRA LTD 0247 635 5000
www.motorsport.cranfield.ac.uk OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY USA (1) 614 292 5491
Motorsport Group, Cranfield University, RMCS (CRANFIELD) 01793 785359
CTG Tel: +44 (0)1295 220130 Fax: +44 (0)1295 220138 Cranfield, Bedfordshire, MK43 0AL QINETIQ 0 8700 100942
E-mail: [email protected] SARDOU SA France (33) 16 00 10 367
TESTING SERVICES
GM DESIGN O117 985 9964
www.ctgltd.co.uk MMCC USA (1) 617 893 4449 UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND USA(1) 301 405 6861
Thorpe Park, Thorpe Way, Banbury, Oxfordshire PANKL Austria (43) 3 8625 12500 WESTLAND HELICOPTERS 01935 702190
OX16 4SU United Kingdom
LURO COTE USA (1) 909 885 3223 METAL SUPPLIERS WIND TUNNEL MODELS
KENT MOTORSPORT CASTINGS 01795 662288
POETON 01452 300500
ADVANCED METALS INTERNAT
AIRCO METALS LTD
01923 210250
0118 973 0509 9.1 Chassis Testing ADVANCED COMPOSITES
AERODINE COMPOSITES
01773 763441
USA (1) 317 271 1207
POLYMER DYNAMICS USA (1) 713 694 3296 ALUMINIUM SPECIAL 01384 291900 CAPITAL PATTERNS 0208 777 9276
QINETIQ 0 8700 100942 APPERLEY HONING 01242 525868 CALIBRATION SERVICES COMPOSITE DESIGN USA (1) 727 539 0605
SWAIN TECH USA (1) 716 889 2786 BRADY FABRICATIONS 01869 252750 RICARDO INC USA 001 734 397 6666 DOME CARS LTD Japan (81) 75 744 3131
WALLWARK HEAT TREATMENT 0161 7979111 BRITISH ALCAN ALUMINIUM 01753 887373 THE STRAIN GAUGING CO 01256 320666 MARTIN FELDWICK 01603 712611
AVESTOPOLART LTD 0114 2443311 TORQUE FAST CALIBRATION 01782 744212 MICRO CRAFT USA (1) 909 947 1843
BYWORTH MATERIAL SERVICES 01453 821609 UNIVERSITY OF HERTFORDSHIRE 01707 284270
MIRA 0247 635 5000
COLUMBIA METALS 01604 810191 SARDOU SA France (33) 16 00 10 367
CROMPTON TECH GROUP 01295 220130 CRASH TESTING
CRANFIELD UNIVERSITY 01234 754152 THE STRAIN GAUGING CO 01256 320666
MASON ENG USA (1) 805 527 6624
ZIRCOTEC PERFORMANCE COATINGS RICHARD BARRETT MOULDS USA 353 282 9842 CRANFIELD IMPACT CENTRE 01234 751361
Tel: 0870 190 8480 Fax; 0870 190 8488 RGB STAINLESS 0121 558 3111 KISTLER INSTRUMENTS LTD 01420 544477
MIRA LTD 0247 635 5000
E-mail: [email protected]
www. zircotek.com
SMITHS HIGH PERFORMANCE
SPA AEROFOILS LTD
01767 604708
01827 260026 QINETIQ 0 8700 100942 9.2 Engine Testing
Ray Mallock LTD (RML) Tel 01933 402440
528.10 Unit 2 Harwell business Centre, Fax 01933 676519
Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0QJ United Kingdom COMBUSTION ANALYSIS
www.rmlmallock.co.uk AM TEST SYSTEMS 01253 780780
6-10 Whittle Close, Park Farm Industrial Estate, AUTOSPRINT 0121 236 5133
FINISHING Wellingborough, Northants NN8 6TY England
ALUMINIUM SPECIAL 01384 291900 Tel: +44 (0) 1908 260707 Fax: +44 (0) 1908 260404 THE STRAIN GAUGING CO 01256 320666
APPERLEY HONING 01242 525868 Email: [email protected]
ARMORALL PRODUCTS 01799 513130 Number 1 Garamonde Drive, Wymbush MEASUREMENT EQUIPMENT
CML GROUP 0151 647 5531 Milton Keynes MK8 9DF UK. AUTOSPRINT 01675 464857
GRIFFITHS ENGINEERING 01582 600629 BEAUFORT RESTORATION 01795 83288 AVL DEUTSCHLAND Gmbh GERMANY (49) 6134 7179-0
TITANIUM SPECIALISTS CRANFIELD INSTITUTE 01908 694134
HEPWORTH INTERNATIONAL 01484 711720 AIRCO METALS LTD 0118 973 0509 BERU F1 SYSTEMS 01374 646200
JENVEY DYNAMICS 01746 768810 CCA DATA SYSTEMS 01525 378938 CRANFIELD UNIVERSITY 01234 754152
A.N. MOTORSPORT DESIGN 01628 776320 CRANFIELD INSTITUTE 01908 694134 INTEGRAL POWERTRAIN 01908 278600
KENT AEROSPACE CASTINGS 01795 476333 APPERLEY HONING 01242 525868
QUAIFE ENGINEERING 01732 741144 GENESIS ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS 01923 893 999 KISTLER Instruments Ltd 01420 544477
ATHENA MANUFACTURING LP USA (1)512 928 2693 INSTRON SCHENK 01494 456789 LOTUS ENGINEERING 01953 608000
QINETIQ 0 8700 100942 CML GROUP 0151 647 5531 INTERCOMP USA +763 476 2531 MACHTECH 01923 269788
Database 10
BERTILS ENGINES USA (1) 708 395 4244
BJ MOTOR ENGINEERS 0161 748 8663 NEIL BOLD ENGINEERING 01204 71636
BOB WIRTH RACING USA (1) 510 487 3279 RACE ENGINE DEV USA (1) 760 630 0450
BRAYTON ENGINEERING USA (1) 517 279 8458 RACE TECHNIQUES 01242 245640
BR MOTORSPORT 01926 451545 RICARDO INC USA (1) 734 397 6666 9.4 Suspension Testing
BRODIE BRITTAIN (BBR) 01280 702389 RICARDO 01273 794144
TREVOR MORRIS ENGINES 0154 74289
CAMBRIDGESHIRE SPORTS
CARBONE RACING
01954 210248
USA (1) 918 835 6596 U.M.P.S 01784 439771
TESTING SERVICES
ANDY ROUSE ENGINEERING 02476 635182
SERVICES - GENERAL
CENTRAL AUTO TECH 0121 4558392 FUEL ANALYSIS CRANFIELD INSTITUTE 01908 694134
COMPETITION ENGINE 01296 435389 AM TEST SYSTEMS 01253 780780 EUROTECH MOTORSPORT 02476 672959
CONCEPT MOTORSPORT 0208 568 0293 BOB WIRTH RACING USA (1) 510 487 3279 HAUS OF PERFORMANCE USA (1) 714 545 2755
CONNAUGHT
DAVE CROFTS
01795 843802
01246 477566
CRANFIELD INSTITUTE 01908 694134 INSTRON SCHENK 01494 456789 10.2 Paddock Services
LOTUS ENGINEERING 01953 608000 JENVEY DYNAMICS 01746 768810
DAWSON AUTO DEVELOPMENT 01327 857729 QINETIQ 0 8700 100942 LOLA Tel 01480 451301
DESIGN & DEVELOPMENT 01695 574454 Fax 01480 456722 AIR FREIGHT FORWARDERS
DRAGON PROJECT RACING TEL 0118 974 4175 INJECTION ANALYSIS MARDI GRAS MOTORSPORT 01327 858006
DUNNELL ENGINES 01449 677726 ALL WAYS FORWARD 01242 228111
DYNOMITE USA (1) 603 329 5645 ASNU 0208 420 4494 MIRA LTD 0247 635 5000 EMO AIR CARGO 0208 577 5100
EAGLE ENGINE CO USA (1) 805 373 6806 PILBEAM RACING DESIGNS 01778 424838 FIRSTAIR 01784 421451
ELABORAZIONE COLASUNO 0207 738 8331 OIL ANALYSIS RACE TEC DESIGN & ENG 01386 871292 JIM RUSSELL FREIGHT 01332 811931
ELLIOTT & SON 01306 711275 AM TEST SYSTEMS 01253 780780 RACRAFT MOTORSPORT 01707 45946 MSAS 0208 890 1355
EDS 01708 857108 BOB WIRTH RACING USA (1) 510 487 3279 RATRACE MOTORSPORT 0208 203 8700 MW FREIGHT SERVICES 01753 680800
ENGINE DATA ANALYSIS 01977 516622 CRANFIELD INSTITUTE 01908 694134 RICARDO 01273 794144 RAPID INTERNATIONAL 01895 446442
FAST CAR CLINIC 01274 579564 LOTUS ENGINEERING 01953 608000 RICHARD HINTON RACING 01279 771667 UNION AIR TRANSPORT 0161 436 7074
FISCHER ENGINEERING USA (1) 818 504 0300 QINETIQ 0 8700 100942 RMCS (CRANFIELD) 01793 785359 WINWEST Australia (61) 2 522 4618
FONTANA AUTOMOTIVE USA (1) 310 538 2505 RICARDO 01273 794144 Ray Mallock LTD (RML) Tel 01933 402440
FROUDE CONSINE 01905 856800 Fax 01933 676519 MOTORHOME
GAERTE ENGINES USA (1) 219 223 3016 RACE ENGINE DESIGN
www.rmlmallock.co.uk ATLANTIC COAST 01297 552222
GEMINI ENGINEERING 01474 534779 6-10 Whittle Close, Park Farm Industrial Estate,
GEOFF RICHARDSON ENG 01480 861599 Wellingborough, Northants NN8 6TY England
GMH ENGINEERING USA (1) 801 225 8970 ROEHRIG ENGINEERING USA (1) 336 431 1827
GOODMAN RACING ENGINES 01327 300422 SERVOTEST LTD 020 8707 1400
GRAHAM HATHAWAY RACING 01621 856956 RICARDO CONSULTING ENGINEERS
Tel 01273 794144 Fax 01273 794572 SCHENCK PEGASUS USA (1) 248 689 9000
HARPERS PERFORMANCE 01642 818188 Email: [email protected] SPA DESIGN LTD 01827 288328 CHESHIRE AMERICAN MOTORHOMES
GEORGE HARTWELL 01202 556566 Website: www.ricardo.com Tel +44(0) 161 427 6868
HASSELGREN ENGINES USA (1) 510 524 2485 STARTLINE UK LTD 01933 665752
Shoreham by Sea, West Sussex. BN43 5FG Fax +44(0) 161 426 0010
HAUS OF PERFORMANCE USA (1) 714 545 2755
HIGHGATE ENGINEERING 0208 951 4923 Website www.americanmotorhomes.co.uk
TEMPERATURE MONITORING Email [email protected]
HODSON ENGINEERINBG 01732 463658
HOLBAY RACE ENGINES 01473 623000 AM TEST SYSTEMS 01253 780780 9.5 Brake Testing Lomberhaey Farm, Andrewlane,
BOB WIRTH RACING USA (1) 510 487 3279 Highlane Village, Stockport SK6 8HY
HOLMAN AUTOMOTIVE USA (1) 704 394 2151 CALEX ELECTRONICS 01525 373178
HUDDART 01270 665405 DYNAMOMETER SUPPLIERS DAVID WILSON’S TRAILERS 01825 740696
CCA DATASYSTEMS 01525 378938 DUDLEYS 01993 703774
INTEGRAL POWERTRAIN 01908 278600 CONNAUGHT ENGINES 01795 843802 BOSCH 01895 834466
INTERPRO ENGINEERING 01454 412777 INTEGRAL POWERTRAIN 01908 278600 MTS POWERTRAIN TECHNOLOGY 01932 351516 MIDLAND INTERNATIONAL 02476 336411
INTER-TUNING Belgium (32) 473 865032 LOTUS ENGINEERING 01953 608000 DYNOMITE USA (1) 603 329 5645 SPIRES OF OXFORD 01865 875539
IVAN DUTTON 01923 816277 MACHTECH 01923 269788 KISTLER INSTRUMENTS AG Tel Switz (41) 52 224 1111 ULTRA INTERNATIONAL 01766 770011
JANSPEED ENGINEERING 01722 321833 MIRA LTD 0247 635 5000 Fax Switz (41) 52 224 1414 WESTCROFT AMERICAN 01902 731324
JENNETTS ENGINES 01993 891776 MOTOR SPORT ELE AUS (61) 73290 1309 Email [email protected]
JF ENGINES 01491 680719 MOTORSPORTS INTERFACE 01788 890412 PO Box, CH-8408 Winterhur, Switzerland TRAILER HIRE
JOHN BROWN ENGINEERING 01903 773022 QINETIQ 0 8700 100942 MIRA LTD 0247 635 5000 11/56 MOTORSPORT 01543 480309
KREMER RACING Germany (49) 221 17 1025 RACEPARTS 01491 37142 WILWOOD ENG USA USA (1) 805 3881188 BRIAN JAMES TRAILERS 01327 260733
LANGFORD & PECK 01933 441661 RICARDO 01273 794144
LINGENFELTER USA (1) 219 724 2552 UNICO (UK) LTD 01908 260000 DAVID WILSON’S TRAILERS 01825 740696
THE STRAIN GAUGING CO 01256 320666
LISTER CARS 01372 377474 TREVOR MORRIS ENGINES 0154 74289 DC TRAILERS 01406 380224
LOTUS ENGINEERING 01953 608000 TESTING SERVICES ELLIS ENGINEERING 01277 631274
LYNX MOTORS 01424 851277 TEST BED SUPPLIERS HAUS OF PERFORMANCE USA (1) 714 545 2755 HOPKINS MOTORSPORT 0117 9509294
MRE 0208 889 1633 EUROPEAN FRICTION 0117 9714837 MOBILE PROMOTIONS 01832 733460
MAXSYM ENGINE TECHNOLOGY 01608 685155 MIRA LTD 0247 635 5000 NEIL BAINBRIDGE RACING 01296 714547
MACHTECH 01923 269788 RICARDO 01273 45561 TON HIRE 01892 836155
MATHWALL ENGINEERING 01252 703191 SIEMENS AG Germany (49) 941 790 5313 WARWICK TRAILERS 01962 732681
MERLIN DEVELOPMENTS 01283 511184 AVL DEUTSCHLAND Gmbh GERMANY (49) 6134 7179-0 THE STRAIN GAUGING CO 01256 320666 WARWICKSHIRE TRAILERS 01564 792337
Show
24 25 26 February 2006
Stoneleigh Park, Coventry
EXPERIENCE SEVEN
DECADES OF
MOTORSPORT AT
EUROPE'S PREMIER
WINTER SHOW
Four Exhibition Halls, with 450 exhibitors and over 20,000
enthusiasts and competitors visiting over three days.
Four Live events on the Showground included in the ticket
price - Group B Rally Car Stage; Championship Level
Autotest; Indoor Classic Motorcycle Trial and Historic Kart
Racing, will run at the weekend.
Showcasing cars and bikes from 1930s to the 1990s -
racing, rally, hillclimb and trials cars; classic racing and offroad
motorcycles; plus autograss, historic oval and nostalgia
dragsters.
Meet all historic sectors under one roof. Series and Event
Organisers, historic motorsport engineering, car preparers
and the supporting trades.
The only event for newcomers to explore this exciting sport,
which is affordable, accessible and fast growing.
Meet celebrity competitors from yesteryear and watch them
in action at the live events.
Attend Bonhams Car and Motorcycle Auction and
The Historic Motorsport Awards Dinner on the Saturday.
A unique interactive experience spanning seven decades of
motorsport - a weekend for the whole family.
LAT
C
reating any model is simpler if we make more assumptions and
simulate the fewest variables. But more assumptions furnish less Downforce % Drag %
realistic results. An assumption frequently used in aerodynamic Total -4.91 -3.14
modelling is that the car runs straight. But if we’re interested in Wheels, front -27.53 +3.96
aerodynamics relating to cornering performance then the ‘straight ahead’ Wheels, rear -79.2 +2.83
model is less than realistic. Wing, front -1.25 -1.24
One way that computational fluid dynamics (CFD) can address this Wing, rear -5.05 -6.25
complication is to rotate the computational domain surrounding the model Underbody -1.6 +29.3
by pivoting it about a vertical axis, an appropriate distance along the car’s
centreline. In this way, the virtual airflow and the moving road beneath
approach the car at an angle that simulates a fixed yaw condition. Naturally Overall, the car saw a significant reduction of 4.9 per cent downforce and 3.1
this is another simplification, the choice of yaw angle and axis location per cent drag, but some of the detail changes need to be put in perspective.
being two of infinite possibilities. Furthermore, the angle at which the The highlighted values show large percentage changes, but the baseline
airflow encounters the front and the rear of the car will also differ in reality, values in these cases were small contributors to downforce and drag, and so
to an extent that depends on the radius of the corner and the geometry of are of minor significance. The other values relating to components show
the car. The direction the front wheels point as the car progresses around a smaller percentage changes, but these were changes to major contributors
corner will change. But these realities aside, a study by Advantage CFD of to overall downforce or drag and so were of considerable significance.
how a four-degree yaw angle affected the pressures and forces on a Reynard As ever, the picture is far from simple, so let’s use some CFD visualisation
01I ChampCar yielded some fascinating insights. to illustrate how pressures have altered around the car. Figure 1 shows the
The table above right shows the changes to the aerodynamic forces changes to static pressure (delCp) on the two sides of the car. The positive
running at four-degrees yaw, compared to the baseline ‘dead ahead’ case yellow (and red) colours indicate where static pressure increased when
(actual forces cannot be revealed). The airflow was effectively approaching yawing the car, relative to the baseline case. The negative green (and blue)
the car from the driver’s right side. colours show where the static pressure reduced in yaw. The windward side
clearly saw increases in pressure because a component of the airflow was
Produced in association with Advantage CFD now incident upon this side. The airflow was thus slowed down (partially
stagnated), so the static pressure increased. The leeward side saw reductions
in pressure because the air’s lateral component that flowed, for example,
Tel: +44 (0)1280 846806 around the side curvature of the nose and sidepod accelerated, and so static
Email: [email protected] pressure reduced. There are also small areas of flow separation arising from
Web site: www.advantage-cfd.co.uk this lateral velocity component, the most obvious being the lee side of the
front and rear wing end plates (blue colours).
Figure 4: total pressures along a horizontal slice level with the bottom of
the front wing endplates, as viewed from above
Figure 5: total pressures along a horizontal slice level with the tops of the
front tyres, as viewed from above
Figure 3: changes to static pressures on
the lower surfaces at four-degrees yaw
result of a lateral shift of the front wing tip vortices. Figure 4 reveals how the
blue low total pressure region formed by the front wing vortex on the
windward side (top in the image) interacted with the sidepod vortex
generators, whereas that on the leeward side passed outboard of them. This
resulted in the asymmetric changes to the static pressures across the car.
Other changes to the wings were rather different. The windward side of
the front wing, viewed from below, saw decreased static pressure outboard
and increased static pressure near the nose. The outboard decrease was
because of changes to the tip vortices under the end plates – the windward
side vortex was intensified (as figure 4 again shows), leading to greater static
pressure reduction. Adjacent to the nose, however, the angle of the incident
flow again saw it partially stagnate here, which increased the static pressure
on the windward nose underside and on the adjacent front wing surface.
In the delCp plot from above (figure 2), the increases in static pressure on The leeward side front wing saw completely opposite pressure changes
the front wing right side and front of the right sidepod coincided with the when at yaw. The leeward side vortex was weakened, leading to increased
windward side view. The decreases in static pressure on the left side of the static pressure outboard, and the lateral acceleration under the nose saw
front wing and the front of the left sidepod were the result of these parts decreased static pressure inboard.
being, in terms of the lateral component of the airflow, in the wake of the The static pressure can be seen to have decreased on top and increased
nose and cockpit respectively. The patterns over the tyres show marked underneath the rear wing, both changes losing downforce. The windward
changes to static pressure distributions, these resulting from changes to side end plate appears to be responsible for some of the losses, masking
separation patterns that caused increased tyre lift. [Note this CFD model that side of the wing from clean flow. The wake of the windward side front
included a support strut (the ‘sting’) located ‘through’ the driver so that tyre also impinged on that side of the rear wing, whereas the wake from the
direct comparisons with the wind tunnel model could be made.] This in part leeward side front tyre did not, as figure 5 reveals. The engine cover wake,
explains the area of the rear wing, just left of centre, which was at lower which in figure 5 has clearly enlarged at yaw, also impinged just off centre of
static pressure when yaw was applied – caused by the sting’s wake. the rear wing. Both these wakes reduce energy, and possibly alter the angle
In the delCp plot seen from below (figure 3), the patterns of change to of the flow reaching the wing, which can both lead to reduced downforce.
static pressures in the underbody region pretty much matched those seen So, although the force changes at four-degrees yaw were relatively minor,
from above, but the marked changes seen under the forward parts of the it’s not hard to imagine, when such a racecar gets really out of shape, that
sidepod underbody, just aft of the curved vortex generators, seem to be the there would be far greater aerodynamic disruption. RE
See us at PRI
Booth # 756
THE CONSULTANT
Dynamics of
three wheelers
Three-wheeled
chassis exhibit
behaviour that is
unique to this
configuration
LAT
Q
at the wheels, and without picking up a wheel, even if the entire chassis is
If you were building a three-wheeled vehicle, would
rigid. This fact led many of the earliest designers of motor vehicles to adopt
you put some roll in the two-wheeled end or not?
tricycle layouts. Among these vehicles was the very first self-propelled, off-
rail vehicle – the Cugnot steam tractor of the 1760s (or 1771, if we go by the
still-existing second model). Carl Benz’s first petrol buggy, in 1885, was also
three wheeled.
A
I am assuming that the questioner is asking whether there should The trike layout was not universal, however, even in the early days.
be some roll compliance at the wide end, or whether the Benz’s petrol-powered buggy was preceded by two models of internal-
suspension should be essentially rigid in roll. combustion, petrol-fuelled (or more accurately, benzine-fuelled) cars
This is a reasonable question because, at least at low speed, a three- built by Siegfried Marcus in 1865 and 1874. I don’t know what the first
wheeler doesn’t need suspension to keep all its wheels on the ground. of these looked like, but the second model (of which three were built)
Because any three points invariably lie in a common plane, a tricycle can had four wheels. In 1879, George Selden applied for a US patent on the
trundle over very uneven ground at low speed with very little load change automobile. The model he submitted to the patent office had four wheels.
LAT
2000 Pikes Peak Hillclimb. Swedes Anders Nilsson and Tom Grindberg demonstrate the art of motorcycle sidecar racing. Even with the optimum centre of gravity
– as far away from the two-wheeled side as possible – and a wheel spread as wide as regulations permit, rollovers are a very definite possibility
envelope defined by a maximum length and width. Despite this, the tricycle vehicle will tend to wheelstand under power. We can minimise this problem,
layout has refused to die out completely. and improve rollover stability, by making the wheelbase long, and by getting
The primary reason people have kept building trikes is economic. In most the c of g as low as we can.
of the world, trikes are licensed and taxed as motorcycles rather than cars. When choosing between the rear-engined and front-engined approaches,
Where cars are heavily taxed, this gives the trike a substantial price there is a safety advantage to the front-engine, front-drive layout. It has its
advantage. A secondary reason is that a trike can be made very light. Due to best rollover resistance when decelerating, whereas the rear-engine, rear-
the aforementioned fact that a trike’s tyre contact patches always lie in a drive layout is most likely to flip when the driver tries to lose speed upon
common plane, the frame does not see the torsional loadings that a four entering a turn too fast. The front-engine, front-drive layout also provides
wheelers does. Consequently, it can be built considerably lighter. much better crosswind stability.
The tricycle layout does bring problems, however. The main problem is Returning to the original question, what sort of characteristics should the
poorer resistance to rollover. A trike can tip over by rolling about a line suspension have at the wide end? First of all, it should not have large jacking
connecting the contact patches of the outer tyre at the wide end and the forces. Either it should be an independent layout with a low roll centre, or
single tyre at the narrow end. For a it should be a beam axle layout.
“
given wheelbase and track, the Particularly with an independent
vehicle’s centre of mass will THE MAIN PROBLEM IS POORER suspension, the wheel rate in roll
unavoidably be closer to this line in
RESISTANCE TO ROLLOVER needs to be substantial, but it should
plan view than it would be to a line
connecting the front and rear outer
tyre contact patches on a four wheeler. Strictly speaking, the tipping motion
we refer to here is not pure roll, but a combination of roll and pitch. But
” not approach infinity. If there is too
much wheel rate in roll, the vehicle
will see large roll accelerations, and large wheel load changes, when
traversing one-wheel bumps at speed.
regardless of what we call the motion, the vehicle is limited by the easiest Barring a great increase in the popularity of trikes, we are unlikely to see
way it can tip. a class for them in racing, except vintage racing where one does see Morgans
The key to minimising this problem is to put the c of g toward the wide end and their contemporaries. We do, however, have racing for sidecar rigs.
as far as we can. If the single wheel is at the front, we need a rear-engine These are normally constrained by the rules to have two wheels in line, with
layout, similar to the VW-engined tricycles that are still fairly common the rear one driven, and a third wheel to one side. This is not the way to
today. If the single wheel is in the rear, we need a front engine, as in a design a three wheeler if we have a free hand, but it retains the connection
Morgan trike. It is important to assure that the operator does not place any to a roadgoing motorcycle with sidecar, and it provides thrilling, if somewhat
heavy cargo toward the narrow end. dangerous, racing.
It is best to drive the two wheels at the wide end, rather than the single To optimise a sidecar layout, the wheels should again be spread as far in
wheel at the narrow end. Not only does this provide much better traction, all directions as the rules allow and the heavy side should, if possible, be
but it further concentrates the masses at the wide end. toward the predominant turn direction. The c of g should be away from the
One problem we encounter when the c of g is toward one end of the two-wheeled side, and fairly close to the single wheel in the fore-and-aft
vehicle is that in hard longitudinal acceleration, the single wheel may lift, or direction. Even when all of this is carefully attended to, there will be no
become so lightly loaded as to impair directional stability. In a front-engine substitute for a good ‘monkey’ or passenger, and the best possible helmet
trike, the rear wheel will tend to lift in braking. In a rear-engine trike, the and leathers… RE
F E AT U R E S I N D E X
I Cars Splitters and diffusers V15N5 P93
Allard J2X V15N7 P38 Wing end plates V15N4 P93
Aston Martin DBR9 V15 N07 P30
Chevrolet Corvette C6-R V15N12 P32 I The Consultant (Mark Ortiz)
Chevrolet Lacetti WTC V15N6 P26 Anti-roll bars on stock cars V15N10 P97
GWR Predator hillclimber V15N11 P38 Below ground roll centres V15N5 P97
Lola B05/40 LMP2 V15N5 P28 Dynamics of three wheelers V15N12 P95
I Features Riley MkXIII Silver Crown V15N12 P44 Ideal steering geometry V15N8 P97
3D Cad introduction V15N6 P60 SAAB rallycross car V15N9 P40 Load transfer in cornering V15N2P101
Aerodynamic tips V15N11 P54 Spirit WL05 Formula Ford V15N1 P38 Monoshock suspension V15N9 P97
AP Racing’s cushioned clutch V15N11 P62 X-Facktor trials car V15N5 P58 Rear percentage vs. yaw inertia V15N6 P97
Autosport Engineering 2005 preview V15N1 P44 Roll centre migration V15N1 P97
Autosport Engineering 2005 report V15N3 P32 I Engines Roll moments and anti geometry V15N7 P97
BAR’s torque transfer system V15N1 P32 GM Ecotec engine V15N11 P48 The benefits of wider tyres V15N3 P97
Bosch engine simulation software V15N3 P50 Rover K-Series tuning V15N1 P56 Too much left percentage V15N11 P97
CFD optimisation software V15N4 P48 RST V8 V15N12 P38 Tyre width and effect V15N4 P97
Comeld composite surface treatment V15N5 P40
Computers for CAD guide V15N10 P46 I Transmissions I V-Angles (Paul Van Valkenburgh)
Creuat suspension V15N10 P30 ZeroShift gearbox V15N6 P54 Discussion for future topics V15N6 P21
Dakar 2005 V15N4 P40 Engineering vs. academia V15N8 P21
David Richards interview V15N8 P36 I Raceshop Has FSAE lost its inspiration? V15N10 P21
Designing suspension uprights V15N3 P42 Chassis set-up V15N2 P73 Inside look of Toyota’s NASCAR V8 V15N1 P21
Digital scanning of solids V15N12 P56 Crash testing V15N10 P69 Psychology and super sensitivity V15 N07 P21
D Sports Racecars V15N2 P58 Damper testers V15N1 P69 Open forum V15N5 P19
F1 launches 2005 V15N4 P26 Engine dynamometers V15N5 P69 Racing resources V15N3 P21
F1 transmission trends V15N2 P34 Engine management V15N12 P67 Reviving racing interest V15N12 P27
Ferrari rotary dampers V15N5 P36 Fuel cells V15N11 P69 Tyre testing – indoors V15N11 P23
Formula 3 2005 V15N8 P40 Race simulation software V15N4 P69 Vacuum traction V15N2 P21
Formula Student 2005 V15N9 P60 Specialised exhausts V15N3 P69 Who will be the first to modify a segway? V15N9 P21
FSAE 2005 V15N9 P56 Superior steels V15N9 P69
GT-America V15N10 P40 Tool storage systems V15N7 P71 I Columns
Historic motorsport V15N3 P56 Wheels V15N8 P69 Anti-roll bar tuning V15N10 P25
Hydrostatic racecar V15N12 P52 Formula Ford revival V15N4 P19
Kingston motorsport MSc V15N8 P48 I Technical Spotlight National Hot Rods V15N7 P25
Lawrence link suspension V15N5 P48 3Dconnexion CAD controller V15N11 P75 The impact of sponsorship V15N3 P25
Le Mans 2005 V15N8 P28 AP Racing X-beam brake disc V15N1 P75 Tilked circuits V15N11 P27
LMP3 prototypes V15N9 P30 Composite material structures V15N6 P75 Ultimate amateur racecar designs V15N1 P25
LMP transmissions V15N10 P54 EM Motorsport Ltd’s display Virtual racecars V15N5 P23
Lotus chassis dynamics software V15N2 P44 steering wheel V15N4 P75
Lotus Sport Exige V15N9 P50 FLUENT’s FloWizard V15N9 P75 I Autosport Engineering Show
Magnesium’s in motorsport V15N2 P52 Hewland’s JFR gearbox V15N10 P75 exhibitor profiles
Mercedes pro mod dragster V15N8 P54 MoTeC’s dash logger V15N8 P75 Blanc Aero Technologies V15N10 P19
MoTeC’s ADL2 dash logger V15N10 P36 Race Technology’s DL1 data logger V15N5 P75 Ferodo Racing V15N9 P19
NASCAR rule chages V15N6 P36 Rapid mould creation V15N12 P73 Krontec V15N8 P19
NASCAR wind tunnel V15N7 P60 Solidwork’ y 3D Content Central website V15N32P75 Norton Motorsport V15N11 P21
PRI/MSEC 2005 show preview V15N12 P23 Xtrac gearboxes V15N2 P85 Pace Products V15N7 P19
PRI Trade Show 2004 report V15N3 P38 Zica Consultancy Limited V15N12 P21
Ross Brawn Interview V15N8 P27 I Aerobytes (Simon McBeath/Advantage CFD)
Running a EUROboss V15N7 P52 Airbox inlets V15N10 P93 Back issues of Racecar Engineering
SAE Motorsport Engineering conference V15N2 P26 Bargeboards V15N7 P93 are available from:
John Denton Services, Unit 1, A1 Parkway, South Gate Way,
SEMA 2004 report V15N2 P31 Effects of yaw V15N12 P91 Orton South Gate, Peterborough, PE2 6YN, UK.
Sport compact drag racing V15N4 P56 Exhaust blowing V15N11 P93 Tel: +44 (0)1733 370800 · Fax +44 (0)1733 239356
www.mags-uk.com/ipc · Email: [email protected]
Thermal imaging for motorsport V15N11 P32 Front wing end plates V15N9 P93
Tyre optimisation facility V15N7 P44 Front wing sensitivity V15N8 P93
Tyre temperatures V15N9 P46 Front wing strakes V15N6 P93
Vibration Free balancing service V15N5 P52 Rear spoilers part 1, spoiler angle V15N2 P97
Radical racecar company V15N6 P44 Rear spoilers part 2, spoiler length V15N3 P93
World Rally weight distribution V15N1 P48 Smooth underbodies V15N1 P93