INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR RESEARCH IN EMERGING SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, VOLUME-2, ISSUE-7, JULY-2015 E-ISSN: 2349-7610

A Case Study on SCADA Implementation in

220 kV Substation
Vinuta V Koluragi1
M.Tech(Power and Energy Systems)
Assisstant Professor
B.L.D.E.As V P Dr P. G. Halakatti College of Engg. & Tech., Bijapur.

ABSTRACT
Development of nation depends upon electricity energy and at present scenario there is large gap between electric generation and
load. This gap can be filled with proper control, monitoring and coordinating the distribution components at power sector. In this
view, Automation of power distribution system has increasingly been adopted by power utilities worldwide in recent years. As
part of its efforts to provide a more reliable supply to the customer and to enhance operational efficiency, the automation of the
power system can be achieved by SCADA (Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition). It is a boon to the automation concept of
dynamic technology. Karnataka Power Transmission Corporation Limited (KPTCL) has undertaken steps to automate existing
substation and new substation by use of most advanced controlling and monitoring technology ABB SCADA. Karnataka Power
Transmission Corporation Limited, presently with the help of SCADA covers major generating stations and Independent Power
Producers (IPP), receiving stations ranging from 33kV to 400kV, collects data from all feeders from 11 KV to 400 KV, upgrades
information to Load Despatch Center (LDC). Real time data acquisition from all interface points by SCADA, helps to perform
energy billing, energy audit and Availability Based Tariff (ABT) functions, and Sub-system to perform Open Access operations.

Keywords: Real Time Monitoring and Controlling, SCADA, RTU, ABT.

NOMENCLATURE
SCADA : Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition
RTU : Remote Terminal Unit
ABT : Availability Based Tariff

1. INTRODUCTION operation are the major operating concerns. Online

Karnataka Power Transmission Corporation Limited is a monitoring, operation and control of the modern day power

registered company under the Companies Act, 1956 was systems have become impossible without computer aided

incorporated on 28-7-1999 and is a company wholly owned by monitoring & dispatching systems. The basic requirement to

the Government of Karnataka with an authorized share capital fulfill these needs is SCADA.

of Rs. 1000 crores. KPTCL was formed on 01-08-1999 by The ability to perform operations at an unattended location

carving out the Transmission and Distribution functions of the from an attended station or operating center and to have a

erstwhile Karnataka Electricity Board [5]. definite indication that the operations have been successfully

Present day power systems have large interconnected carried out can provide significant cost saving in the operation

networks. The success of the recently evolving electricity of a system. This is exactly what is achieved through the

market structure will heavily depend on modern information SCADA system. A formal definition of SCADA system, as

systems and online decision tools. Maintaining system recommended by IEEE [1], is A collection of equipment that

security, reliability, quality, stability and ensuring economic will provide an operator at a remote location with sufficient

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information to determine the status of particular equipment or 2.1 Process Level Function: extracts the information from
a process and cause actions to take place regarding that sensors/transducers in the substation and to send them to upper
equipment or process without being physically present. level device, called bay level device. The other major task of
SCADA provides open architecture rather than a vendor process level function is to receive the control command from
controlled proprietary environment. It interfaces hardware and bay level device and execute it at the appropriate switch level.
software, and it includes functionality such as trending, alarm
2.2 Bay Level Functions: acquire the data from the bay
handling, logging archiving, report generation, and facilitation
and then mainly act on the primary (power circuit) equipment
of automation. Thus SCADA has been used has powerful tool
of the bay. The different conceptual subparts of a substation
for power system automation, that refers to automatic
are encircled by line in figure 2.
switching, regulating, controlling, logging, protection etc. of
electric power flow without human intervention. Station Level Functions: are of two types.

2.2.1 Process Related Functions act on the data from

2. SCADA IMPLEMENTATION IN 220KV multiple bays or substation level database. These functions are
SUBSTATION used to submit the control commands for the primary
200/110/11kV Shivgiri substation Bijapur is newly installed equipment (Circuit breakers) and collect the substation data

substation. Under IES project, automation of new substation is like voltage, current, power factor etc. from the bay level
done through Substation Automation System (SAS) using IEC devices. Each bay includes one primary equipment such as

61850. The functions performed by Substation Automation transformers, feeders etc.

(SA) system are in, general, switch control, data monitoring, 2.2.2 Interface Related Functions enable interactive
protection etc. In IEC-61850, these functions are broken into interface of the substation automation system to the local
low-level functions called sub-functions. Each sub-function is station operator HMI (Human Machine Interface), to a remote
performed by the IED installed in the substation. Each IED control centre for monitoring and maintenance.
can perform one or many sub functions. A set of sub-functions
There are basically two types of equipment in a substation:
is integrated together to realize a substation automation
function. These communicate with each other through Local (i) Primary equipments and (ii) Secondary equipments.
Area Network in the substation. Specific syntax and semantics 2.3.2.1 Primary Equipments Include
are defined for communication between sub-functions. All the
possible sub-functions have been standardized in IEC-
61850.Information produced and required by each substation
is given in the IEC-61850 standard [1].
The sub functions are assigned at three levels as shown in
figure 1: (i) Process level (ii) Bay level (iii) Station level

Fig 2: Conceptual Substation Bays [1]

transformer, switchgear etc. Secondary equipments include

protection, control and communication equipments. Further,
secondary equipments are categorized into three levels in IEC-

Fig 1: Levels defined in IEC 61850 [1] 61850 standards. These are station level, bay level, and

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process level equipments. A conceptual substation automation RET670-Transformer Protection IED: It is used for reliable
system based on the IEC 61850 standard is evolved and protection & control of all types of power transformers and
depicted in figure 3. reactors. Also it provides protection solution for any type of
transformer & shunt reactor application. It gives freedom to
select functionality according to our needs, basic functionality
is included and pre configured. A single RET670 can integrate
complete protection & control functionality for a transformer
& a connected transmission line. The distance protection
function can also be used as back up protection for faults with
in transformer & in connected lines. In all, RET670 increases
reliability and profitability of entire power system. Figure 4
shows RET670 IED.

Fig 3: Conceptual Substation Automation Topology [1]

With this conceptual view at 220kV substation Bijapur there

are 8 bays divided. Control and monitoring operation is
carried out both remotely and locally. At substation 4 IEDs are
used for collecting information and OFC is used for local
Fig 4: RET670-Tansformer protection IED [8]
communication, for remote communication Ethernet and
VSAT is used. SAS consists of Bay Control & Protection It is designed to operate correctly over a wide frequency range
Panel and Protection Panel, they are manufactured by ABB. in order to accommodate power system frequency variations
Control & Relay panels and Protection panel are inbuilt in during disturbances. RET670 features also several function for
ABB panel. local and remote apparatus control on all sides of transformer.
It provides a large HMI for local control and instantly
2.2.2.2. SCADA Equipments to Substation:
accessing important data, such as settings, events and
220/110/11kV substation control room is provided with Bay
disturbance information. 30 apparatuses can be controlled and
Control & Protection panel and Protection panel by ABB. All
visualized. Large HMI provides overview of quick status of
the ABB panels are equipped with 4 IEDs used for protection
substation with position indications and service values [6].
and control. ABBs IED 670 series provides reliable, efficient
and flexible protection, monitoring and control for all REC670-Bay Control IED: It provides optimized control and
applications in sub-transmission and transmission systems. reliable operation of switch yard. It provides pre configured
IED provides a common powerful hardware platform and an control solution for any type of switch gear and different
extensive hardware-independent, modular function library. switch gear configuration. REC670 enables the manual control
Setting, commissioning and maintenance procedures of all of a tap-changer from a Substation Automation system. It also
IED are fast and simple. All are similar hence user can learn integrates advanced voltage control for transformers in a
about one to know them all. These can communicate easily substation in a single IED. This eliminates the need for
with IEC61850. dedicated voltage control devices in cases where the
List of Intelligent Electronic Device (IED) 670: transformer protection is not equipped with voltage control.
1. RET670-Transformer Protection IED. The REC670 IEDs feature a large HMI for local control and
2. REC670-Bay Control IED. instant access to important data, such as settings, events and
3. REL670-Line Distance Protection IED. disturbance information. The control is based on the select
4. REB670-Busbar Differential Protection IED. before operate principle to ensure secure operation and to
avoid human mistakes. Control screen can be selected as

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default screen. Control commands can be directly executed

and important measurements can be read. All measurements
are available in IED can be shown on HMI. Graphical display
can be configured as it is at substation. Figure 5 shows
REC670 IED.

Fig 6: REL670-Line distance protection IED [8]

independent, which ensures high reliability for all types of

lines. The distance and earth-fault protection functions can
communicate with remote end in any communication scheme.

Fig 5: REC670 -Bay control IED [8] It offers full control and interlocking functionality required for
control of apparatuses in a substation. The integrated HMI
REC670 is able to handle a large number of analog signals
allows secure and quick local control for stand-alone
from CTs and VTs. The outstanding I/O capability enables
applications and provides back-up control for substation
control of several bays with complete measurement with only
automation systems. REL670 provides efficient substation
one IED. One REC670 IED is capable of handling control of
automation solutions in terms of performance, redundancy and
all apparatuses in one entire diameter in 1 breaker
cost for any high voltage application [6].
arrangement including breaker failure protection for all
breakers [6]. REB670-Busbar Differential Protection IED: It is designed
for the protection and monitoring of bus bars. REB670
REL670-Line Distance Protection IED: It provides versatile
protects single and double bus bars with or without transfer
protection, monitoring and control functionality with
bus, double circuit breaker or one-and-half circuit breaker
maximum flexibility and performance optimized for
arrangements. It provides selective, reliable and fast fault
transmission overhead lines and cables. The powerful IED
clearance for all types of internal phase-to-phase and phase-to-
provides distance protection for double circuit, parallel
earth faults in solidly earthed or low-impedance earthed power
operating and series compensated lines. REL670 IEDs are able
systems. At the same time, it maintains complete stability for
to protect and control several objects, for instance a
external faults, even when heavy CT saturation occurs. It can
combination of a line and a transformer with a single IED. As
also handle all internal multi-phase faults in isolated or high-
a result, this IED increases both the reliability and profitability
impedance earthed power systems [6]. Figure 7 shows
of entire power system. REL670 provides both customized
REB670 IED.
and pre-configured protection solutions. The pre-configured
IEDs are equipped with complete functionality adapted for
four different configuration alternatives: single pole breaker or
multi-breaker arrangements with single or three phase
tripping. Figure 28 shows REL670 IED.

REL670 provides protection of power lines with high

sensitivity and low requirement on remote end
Fig 7: REB670-Bus bar differential protection IED [8]
communication. Measurements and setting of all five zones
with six setting groups are made completely 2.2.2.3. SCADA Connections:

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At 220/110/11kV substation, Substation Automation System 11kV feeder

(SAS) consists of 27 panels for protection and bay control.
Layout of panels at control room is shown in figure 8. Feeder Feeder Feeder

B&P - Bay Control & Protection Panel 1&2 3&4 5&6

P - Protection Panel B&P B&P B&P

BBA - Bus Bar Protection Panel

Fig 8: Layout of panels at Control center at 220/110/11kV
INDI 1 Indi line 1
substation
INDI 2 Indi line 2
IES project provides Ruzzegged com (Ethernet) Switch, 3
TRF 1 HV Transformer 1 HV side
personal computers DRPC, SAS1 and SAS2, printer, event
TRF 1 LV Transformer 1 LV side
list recorder and for communication VSAT, OFC. Connection
TRF 2 HV Transformer 2 HV side
of ABB panels is shown in figure 9. There are 8 bays at
TRF 2 LV Transformer 2 LV side
substation; at each bay have one ruzzegged com switch which
BGD 1 Basavan Bagewadi line 1
connects all bay information to main SAS through OFC.
BGD 2 Basavan Bagewadi line 2
Information from SAS can be monitored and controlled
locally and also information is sent to Master Control center
For SAS (MCC).
SUX
2BBA1 2BBA2
Station
220kV Bus 220kV Bus
Auxiliary
Bar Bar
SAS Bay
Protection Protection
Control
Panel Panel
Panel

220kV line

I I I I T T
N N N N R R
D D D D F F
I1 I I I Bus 1 1
P 1 2 2 Coupler H L
B P B B&P V V
& & B B Fig 9: Connection of ABB panels at substation
P P & &
P P As shown in figure 9 communication network used is Star-
Ring topology. This topology has potential to provide time
BGD BGD 2 BGD BGD TRF TRF delay within allowable range and also offers the better
2 B&P 1 1 2 2
P P B&P HV LV reliability of the process bus.
B&P B&P
2.2.2.4. SCADA Operations:

Local operator at substation control room observes and

110kV line
monitors 220kV, 110kV and 11kV lines. Single line diagram
monitoring screen display of 220/110/11kV, 110kV and 11kV
11kV 10 MAV
110kV 110kV Bus
Bank TRF HV line is shown in figure 10(a), 10(b) and 10(c) respectively.
BGD B&P Coupler
B&P 110/11kV
Overview of 220/110/11kV substation Bijapur is monitored by
IE 2 Bijapur IE 1
B&P B&P B&P monitored by operator at control room. Same single line

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diagram is displayed at remote control center. In single

diagram display of SCADA screen symbols of Lighting
Arrestor (LA), Gang or Group Operated switch (GOS) and
Circuit Breaker (CB) are used. Table 1 shows symbols used
for SCADA.
Table 1: Symbols used in SCADA Screen

Sl Equipment Symbols Identity

No. No.

1 Lighting 89CE
Arrestor
(LA)
grounding
Fig 10(B): Single Line Diagram Display of 110kv Line at
Control Room
Gang or
2 Group 89D
Operated
switch
(GOS)

3 Circuit 52
Breaker
(CB)

Fig 10(C): Single Line Diagram Display of 11kv Line at

Control Room.

At present operator at substation operates 11kV circuit

breakers at control room. He note down the measurement
values displayed on monitoring screen as shown on figure 11.
Real time values are noted at every one hour and daily load is
generated. Also SAS provides facility of event recording and
alarms for operator.

There is also facility to operate GOS remotely. With the help

of IED fault can be recorded. 100 disturbance records can be
Fig 10(A): Single Line Diagram Display of 220/110/11kv maintained with time and date. Indication during disturbances
Line at Control Room is displayed which helps operator to carry out precaution or
solve the problem.

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breaker, Supervisory control is required switch off or switch

on a consumer, Supervisory control is required to control the
generation as and when control is extended.

Scenario of power system without control centers:

There was no Grid Discipline.

Due to indiscipline there was problem of low voltage

and low frequency.

There were frequent Grid failures.

Non optimum utilization of available resources.

There was no real time availability of data/ events

occurring.
Fig 11(a):220kV measurement values.
Inefficient Power System Operation & Load
Management

Due to no regulation wide gap in Demand - Supply

position.

Low voltages at Consumer end.

To overcome all problems India undergone Grid Discipline

through SCADA. In this view all Generation station, receiving
station and distribution station were integrated in project. Thus
data from 110kV & 220/110/11kV substation Bijapur are sent
to LDC for further operation. LDCs architecture, function is
Fig 11(b):110kV measurement values. briefly explained in this section.
Table 2 gives the incoming and outgoing voltage, current, Indian Power System Load Despatch Centers is divided into
active & reactive power, power factor and frequency observed
At National level
on 220kV measurement monitoring screen on 07/07/2011 time
11.00.08. National Load Despatch Centre (NLDC)

2.3. Load Despatch Center: At Regional Level

Load Despatch Center (LDC) is the hub for load despatch and Five Regional grids
control, it requires acquiring all data from generation and
Regional Load Despatch Centers (RLDC)
substation to match generation and load. LDC requires data
At State Level
with respect to available generation and load to be attended.
As such real time data is required from all Generating stations; State Load Despatch Centre (SLDC)
real time data is required from receiving stations; real time
SLDCs at each state
data is required from Interface points from where power is
delivered to Distribution companies or Consumers. LDC also A typical architecture of an Energy management system is

has to exercise control over the receiving stations, and shown in figure 12.

consumers and if necessary the Generators also. As such, Table 2: 220Kv Measurement Monitoring Values
Supervisory control is required to shed loads by opening a

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DATE TIME INDI-1 INDI-2 BC 203 TRAFO- BGWD- BGWD- TRAFO-

201 202 1 204 1 206 2 207 2 208
07/07/2011 11.00.08

Voltage in Vry 215.01 214.67 215.02 215.16 215.05 214.48 215.18

kV
Vyb 217.42 217.59 217.76 217.37 217.63 217.21 217.37

Vbr 213.46 213.22 213.45 213.13 214.17 213.67 213.75

Current in L1 0.00 87.40 0.00 50.23 186.78 0.00 49.56

Ampere
L2 0.00 89.90 0.00 51.67 192.67 0.00 51.32

L3 0.00 91.26 0.00 50.48 191.50 0.00 49.75

Active MW 0.00 30.55 0.00 17.97 -66.39 0.00 17.75

power

Reactive MVAR 0.00 13.54 0.00 5.95 -25.57 0.00 5.87

power

Power 0.00 0.91 0.00 0.95 0.93 0.00 0.95

factor

Frequency Hz 49.91 49.90 49.9 49.90 49.90 49.90 49.89

Northern Regional Load Despatch Center (NRLDC)

Eastern Regional Load Despatch Center (ERLDC)
Southern Regional Load Despatch Center (SRLDC)
Western Regional Load Despatch Center (WRLDC)
Northern Eastern Regional Load Despatch Center
(NERLDC)

Southern region consists of 5 State Load Despatch Centers,

they are

Pondicherry

Fig 12: A Typical Architecture of an Energy Management Tamilnadu

System Kerala
Karnataka
As shown in figure 34 data collected from all substations
Andhra
through SAS or RTU is sent to Area control center (ACC) and
then same data is communicated to Regional Control Center Central generation plants, State generation plants and
(RCC).National control center will look after the whole grid. Independent Plant Producers (IPP) connect to common Power
There are 5 Regional Load Despatch Center, they are Grid of India. As objective of LDC is to match generation and

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load, there is need to continuously monitor and control. At LDC, operator can observe generation, power flow,
Karnataka states Load Despatch Center is situated at schedule and actual energy available etc as depicted in figure
Bangalore. At SLDC Control center, Grid connection of 13.
southern region is observed. Role of SLDC is to collect 2. Open Access Monitoring: IPP can go for open access if
information from electrical companies of Karnataka and send they wish SCADA also provides information about open
data to SRLDC. Generation and load of state is monitored and access monitoring screen for operator.
controlled by SLDC. SLDCs send the requisition of load to the 3. ABT monitoring Screen: At KPTCL tariff is basically
SRLDCs, against their entitlements out of available power classified into 3 components, they are; Energy consumption,
from Central Sector Generation and the SRLDCs allocate total Maximum demand and Unscheduled Interruption (UI).
available power to various states in the ratio of their UI component is dependent on frequency, when load exceeds
entitlements. According to available power SLDCs schedule generation frequency decreases depend on decrease in
power for state previous day & ESCOMs had to operate frequency additional charges are penalized. Figure 14 shows
according to schedule. If there is any problem at generation ABT Monitoring Screen at control center. UI charges are
then it informed to SLDCs by revising. SLDCs control state decided by CEA.
generators according to load. Data acquired at SLDC is used
for Energy auditing, Energy billing and Availability Based
Tariff (ABT).

SRLDC collects data from SLDC and controls Central

Generation. NLDC monitors all SRLDC and communicate
with Central electricity Authority (CEA).

2.3.1. SCADA Application at LDC:

1. Network application overview: The SCADA systems
caters to the whole of Karnataka state which has five
Distribution companies and 23 major generating stations and
major IPPs and Central Generation Share. Figure 35 shows
monitoring screen at control center for Karnataka state.
Fig 14: ABT Monitoring Screen [4]

As SCADA is integration of hardware and software, care must

be taken that there exist proper synchronization between them.
RTU 560A at 110/11kV substation City Bijapur is digital
equipment no maintenance is required but proper cleaning of
panel has to be carried out. Minor work for adaptability of
SCADA at 110/11kV substation were improvement of
earthing, Restoration of control desk (this includes, providing
indication lamps, closing coils and TNC switches) and Wiring
of breaker position indication in 11kv.
2.4. Maintenance:
Improvement of earthing is done by providing one CI pipe
electrode as per KPTCL standard CI earthing 50 x 6 mm MS
flat for connection to earth mat 50 x 6 mm GI flat for raisers
Fig 13: Monitoring screen for Karnataka state LDC [4]
new RTU is connected to same earth with other C&R panel.
Figure 15 shows connection for improvement of earthing.

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Real time data acquisition from all interface points by SCADA

such as voltage, current, frequency, active power, reactive
power and power factor. Operators at all substations will send
their respective load and energy required to the LDC. LDC
sends the required total load required by to SRLDC. SRLDC
according to available generation prepares load schedule and
send to LDC, this schedule must be followed by all stations.
During generation failure, availability of generation will be
updated to LDC; LDC will inform further it to all substations
Fig 15: Connection for improvement of earthing
so that proper load control can be carried out without any
When earth mat is not provided at substation, earth resistance interruption of power. In this way the total grid can be
for SCADA has to note down after installation work at observed and controlled, thus large gap between generation
particular substation. Table 3 gives SCADA earth resistance at and load is reduced. It also helps to perform energy billing,
110/11kV substation Atarga during visit with ABB committee energy audit and Availability Based Tariff(ABT) functions,
on 08/07/2011. UPS for RTU 560A will under go test for and Sub-system to perform Open Access operations at
battery back up condition. LDC.SCADA has facilities to record data, event list,
Table 3 : Earth resistance for SCADA disturbance records, and trip values during fault etc., with help
of these facilities operator at substation can analyze fault, if
Sl No. Equipment Resistance in /V
any mistakes in recording readings can be easily sorted out.
1 SCADA CI Pipe 0.28/0.6V
Thus concluding that a full fledge SCADA system is very
2 VSAT GI pipe 0.29/0.6V
much necessary for monitoring, controlling, fault detection
3 RTU Panel 0.23/0.5V
and prevention and to make restoration power supply activities
4 C&R panel 0.25/0.4V
easier and faster.
5 110kV TRF 0.6/0.9V
6 11kV TRF 1.0/0.9V REFERENCES
[1] KPTCL training report Remote Substation Monitoring
And Control through SCADA, 05-09 October 2009.
3. CONCLUSION
[2] Paper presented
Power Systems are large complex systems covering vast areas [3] Martin Chartrand, Dual Redundant Controller
National grids and highly nonlinear, high order system. Many Systems, Control Microsystems White Paper, October
process operations need to be coordinated and millions of 2004.
devices requiring harmonious interplay. The Energy flows [4] Chandrashekar, Mallakkappa S Integrated Extended
from various Generating stations to various Receiving Sub SCADA project KPTCL IES Summary, October 31
stations via Transmission networks. On line monitoring, 2007.
operation and control of the modern day power systems is [5] Manuals and website
required for maintaining system security, reliability, quality, [6] ABB RTU 560A Manual.
stability and ensuring economic operation,. The basic [7] www.kptcl.com and www.abb.com
requirement is of power system automation which is achieved
by SCADA. BIOGRAPHY
SCADA covers major generating stations and Independent Ms. Vinuta V Koluragi was born in
Power Producers (IPP), receiving stations ranging from 33kV Bijapur, Karnataka, India. on 13th July
to 400kV, collects data from all feeders from 11 KV to 400 1987. She obtained B.E degree in
KV, upgrades information to Load Despatch Center (LDC). Electrical & Electronics from B.L.D.E.As

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Bijapur under VTU, Belgaum. She obtained M.Tech degree

in Power & Energy System from BEC Bagalkot under VTU,
Belgaum.
She is currently working as Assisstant Professor at
B.L.D.E.As V P Dr P. G. Halakatti College of Engg. &
Tech., Bijapur. Her areas of interest are Renewable Energy
Systems, PLC and SCADA,Control Systems, Power systems.

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