International Journal For Technological Research In Engineering

Volume 2, Issue 9, May-2015 ISSN (Online): 2347 - 4718

DESIGN OF SCADA USING MICROSCADA FOR SUBSTATION

AUTOMATION SYSTEM
Muralidhara A M1, Naveen Kumar R2, Swetha B M3
1
PG Student, Nagarjuna College of Engineering & Technology, Bangalore, India.
2
Testing & Quality Engineer, PSAC, ABB India Ltd., Bangalore, India.
3
PG Coordinator, Nagarjuna College of Engineering & Technology, Bangalore, India.

Abstract: This paper gives us the details about power system substation of KANPUR PGCIL India Ltd. Generator
ie.. for Green and sustainable power is the need of the day. manufacturing facility. This involved taking customer
With widening supply and demand gap, power management specifications, requirements and then designing the whole
has become one of the most critical areas of concern all system for the given control room.
over the world. India’s energy consumption is increasing at
one of the fastest rates in the world. Hence, we require B. Motivation for the project
Substation Automation Systems in the present day Instrument transformers pass on information about the
substations to efficiently control and deliver power. The primary current and voltages to the secondary equipment
main objective is to create a SCADA system for the (protection, control and metering). In the earlier days, these
765/400kV substation of KANPUR PGCIL India Ltd. transformers were large apparatuses composed of insulation
Power automation serving electric supply locations often materials, copper and iron. They were also used to power the
require special protection against the effects of fault- electromechanical secondary equipment. Nowadays, the
produced. Protection relays need to function immediately numerical type of secondary equipment gets its operating
when a faulty condition occurs. This is why Intelligent power from a separate power supply (i.e., battery). In
Electronic Devices (IED’s) are brought in for safe addition, thanks to the emergence of fiber-optic technology,
operation of switchyard devices, which can prevent the old large instrument transformers can be replaced by
disasters to energy supply and help in human safety. With fibre-optic sensors that give information about primary
the introduction of IEC 61850, utility communication will currents and voltages. These values are transformed into
be used for substation automation and also for protection digital fiber-optic signals, which are fed to the secondary
purposes within a substation and between substations. equipment which forms the entire Substation Automation
Measured values and trip signals will be transmitted as System and can be controlled using a remote SCADA
digital signals over a communication network. A Substation control system for all the switchyard devices. Replacing
Automation System (SAS) provides facility to control and traditional instrument transformers with optical sensors has
monitor all the equipment in the substation locally as well further reduced the switchgear footprint and lowered the
as remotely. A Supervisory Control & Data Acquisition costs, while at the same time provides secondary equipment
(SCADA) system provides users with a Human Machine that is more flexible and secure. To develop such a vast
Interface (HMI) which can be used for controlling, system, we have to adhere to a standard called IEC61850
monitoring and protection of devices. This saves us cost and which has been developed mainly for substation automation
time when it is of utmost need by providing real time and protection. Introduction of this technology in the
information about the substation devices status. substation control has motivated me to take up this project,
Keywords: SCADA, Supervisory control, Data Acquisition, which complies with the present substation automation
Automatic control, IED, IEC. standards and is widely used by all major companies
worldwide.
I. INTRODUCTION
This chapter gives us information related to the introduction II. LITERATURE SURVEY
of the project work carried out in ABB India, Bangalore’s When the building of electricity systems started in earnest
Peenya Factory premises. It gives us an insight as to why this some 100 years ago, the network wasn’t particularly reliable.
particular project work was taken up, the challenges faced in The circuit breakers were mechanically and electrically very
the earlier days, main objectives and the motivation to complicated and required frequent maintenance. Outages due
develop the SCADA application in a Substation Automation to maintenance were the norm rather than the exception. The
System (SAS). invention of the disconnector switch certainly helped to
increase the availability of these electrical networks. The
A. Work Area Description single-line configurations used were such as to surround the
This project work was carried out inside the factory circuit breakers by many disconnector switches so that
development and testing shopfloor area of ABB India Ltd, adjacent parts of the switchgear were kept in service while
Bangalore. The project undertaken was development of a maintenance was carried out on the breakers. These ideas led
complete Substation Automation System for a 765/400kV to the double busbar and double plus transfer busbar

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International Journal For Technological Research In Engineering
Volume 2, Issue 9, May-2015 ISSN (Online): 2347 - 4718

schemes. In addition to maintenance considerations, single- III. METHODOLOGY

line configurations were chosen to limit the consequences of In this chapter, we will be discussing in details about the
primary faults in the power. To limit these faults while still methodology that was adopted during the execution of the
retaining the maintenance aspects, 1½-breaker and 2-breaker project work. It involves engineering of various numerical
single-line configurations were introduced. Today’s breakers relays, their specifications, internal design structures, SLD’s
require less maintenance than their predecessors. [1] The and the software tools used for the entire SCADA
complex interlocking and sequence control requirements that engineering process and design.
prevail in most substations of any significant size lend
themselves naturally to the application of substation A. OPC Server
automation. Hence, computers have been applied to the OLE for Process Control, which stands for Object Linking
control of electrical networks for many years, and examples and Embedding (OLE) for Process Control, is the original
of them being applied to substation control/automation were name for a standards specification developed in 1996 by
in use in the early 1970’s. The first applications were an industrial automation industry task force. It has been
naturally in the bulk power transmission field, as a natural officially renamed as "Open Platform Communications
extension of a trend to centralised control rooms for such (OPC)". The standard specifies the communication of real-
systems. The large capital investment in such systems and the time substation data between control devices from different
consequences of major system disruption made the cost of manufacturers. OPC includes data transportation
such schemes justifiable. In the last twenty years or so, technologies like XML, Microsoft's .NET Framework, and
continuing cost pressures on utilities and advances in digital even the OPC Foundation's binary-encoded TCP format.
hardware have led to the application of computers to OPC is a series of standards specifications consisting of
substation control and automation as a first-choice solution. seven current standards and two emerging standards. The
[8] In the earlier days, multiple protocols existed for first standard is called the Data Access Specification or
substation automation, which include many proprietary "OPC Data Access". OPC was designed to provide a
protocols with custom communication links. Interoperation common bridge for Windows based software applications
of devices from different vendors was not possible and was and process control hardware. An OPC Server for one
considered as an advantage to users of substation automation hardware device provides the same methods for an OPC
devices. An IEC project group of about 60 members from Client to access its data as any and every other OPC Server
different countries worked in three IEC working groups from for that same and any other hardware device. The aim is to
1995. They responded to all the major concerns and reduce the amount of duplicated effort required from
objectives and created IEC 61850. The objectives set for the hardware manufacturers and their software partners, and
standard were: from the SCADA and other HMI producers in order to
1. A single protocol for complete substation interface the two. Once a hardware manufacturer has
considering modelling of different data required for developed their OPC Server for the new hardware device
substation. their work is done to allow any 'top end' to access their
2. Definition of basic services required to transfer data device, and once the SCADA producer had developed their
so that the entire mapping to communication OPC Client their work is done to allow access to any
protocol can be made future proof. hardware, existing or yet to be created, with an OPC
3. Promotion of high interoperability between different compliant server. OPC servers provide a method for many
systems from different vendors. different software packages (as long as it is an OPC Client)
4. A common method/format for storing complete to access data from a process control device. The purpose of
data. OPC is to define a common interface that is written once and
5. Define complete testing required for the equipments then reused by any business, SCADA, HMI, or custom
which conforms to the standard. software packages. There is nothing in the OPC
specifications to restrict the server to providing access to a
IEC 61850 is the present day standard for the design process control device. OPC Servers can be written for
of electrical substation automation. IEC 61850 is a part of the anything from getting the status of a circuit breaker to getting
International Electro technical Commission’s(IEC) the current measurements of the line. Once an OPC Server is
Techinical Committee 57 (TC57) reference architecture written for a particular device, it can be reused by any
for electric power systems. The abstract data models defined application that is able to act as an OPC client. OPC servers
in IEC 61850 can be mapped to a number of protocols. use Microsoft’s OLE technology (also known as the
Current mappings in the standard are to MMS Component Object Model, or COM) to communicate with
(Manufacturing Message Specification), Generic Object clients. COM technology permits a standard for real-time
Oriented Substation Events (GOOSE), SMV (Sampled information exchange between software applications and
Measured Values), and to Web Services as well. These process hardware to be defined.
protocols can run over TCP/IP networks or
substation LANs using high speed switched proprietary B. Protection & Control Manager (PCM600 2.5)
ethernet to obtain the necessary response times below four The Protection and Control IED Manager PCM600 tool
milliseconds for protective relaying. [4] provides versatile functionalities for the entire life-cycle of

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International Journal For Technological Research In Engineering
Volume 2, Issue 9, May-2015 ISSN (Online): 2347 - 4718

all Relion protection and control IED applications, at all D. Graphical Display Editor
voltage levels. PCM600 interacts with IEDs over the fast and In this, the SLD is created which will be written to the
reliable TCP/IP via corporate LAN or WAN, or alternatively REC670 (control IED) and will be displayed on the physical
directly through the communication port at the front of the device. This can be used to control the device switches from
IED. PCM600 tool is able to read and write all configuration the station locally if remote control is not required. This
and the settings data of an IED with a single command. The cannot be configured in REF615 as it is a feeder protection
software is initialized by creating- New Project > Substation device and does not have an SLD viewer.
> Voltage Level > Bays > IED. Once all the IED
configurations are over, then the OPC server is created to
provide the linking of the signals and systems. All the
components of a substation automation system are created in
the same specific order and the online configuration of IED’s
and other components are initiated by giving them their
individual IP addresses.

Fig. 3.3 REC670 Display Editor

E. IEC61850 Configuration
This is an international standard communication protocol at
which the entire system communicates. This standard was
developed for inter-operability with devices from various
manufacturers. The data is taken from a signal list prepared
Fig. 3.1 PCM600 Initialization depending on the inputs and measurements required for the
IED’s from the switchyard level. All the signals are mapped
C. IED Application Configuration and both the Client-Server (Vertical) and Generic Object
Inside the application settings we create the functional blocks Oriented Substation Events (GOOSE/Horizontal)
consisting of the logics developed depending on the project communications are configured and initiated.
requirements including the switches which are then linked up
accordingly to get details like status, switch position, etc. We
also configure logical blocks for the system measurements
like current, voltage, power, frequency etc.

Fig. 3.4 IEC61850 Configuration

F. Signal Matrix
In this configuration, the GOOSE communication signals are
mapped to individual switches and positions so that the
channel card can read the different signals and their Status
Validity (stVal) and Quality (q) information from the IED’s
Fig. 3.2 Application Configuration and can have their internal data communication processed.

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International Journal For Technological Research In Engineering
Volume 2, Issue 9, May-2015 ISSN (Online): 2347 - 4718

mapped to their address as shown in the figures. The

switches are named according to ANSI codes.

Fig. 3.5 Signal Matrix

After all these configurations in PCM600, a .SCD file,
Substation Configuration Language(SCL) file format is
generated and exported to be used in Micro SCADA Pro
SYS600 engineering.
Fig. 3.7 System Design
G. MicroSCADA Pro Control System SYS600 Engineering
J. OPC PO List
MicroSCADA Pro is designed to communicate and connect
SYS600 Monitor Pro > Tool Manager > OPC PO List: This
to Control Centers. The system is started from SYS600
list is used to publish all the devices, switches and their
Control Panel. In this software, there are many steps involved
mapped signals included in the network under the particular
and are executed in the following order:
station. The Station Unit Number (UN) is assigned as 5.
H. Process Objects
SYS600 Monitor Pro > Tool Manager > Process Objects
(PO): Standard functions are installed for station, bays,
switches, IED, measurements and alarms etc. and we
configure them to their individual addresses in the OPC
Server Client Configuration. Each signal received from the
IED has its own unique address.

Fig. 3.8 OPC PO List

K. Communication Engineering Tool (CET)

In this engineering tool, we create- New Project > Computer
Node > IEC61850 OPC Server. With the help of this
software, we can import the .SCD file (via SCL Import)
inside the OPC Server which consists of the Substation
configurations having the IED files. From here we can
Fig. 3.6 Process Objects
establish the IEC61850 communication and an online test of
the IED’s is completed. This is done to check the
I. Display Builder
connectivity of the computer system to the IED.
SYS600 Monitor Pro > Display Builder: Here we design the
entire system and SLD and the switches are imported and are

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International Journal For Technological Research In Engineering
Volume 2, Issue 9, May-2015 ISSN (Online): 2347 - 4718

Fig. 3.9 REC670 Online Test

L. OPC DA Client Configuration Fig. 3.11 OPC DA Client Control Panel

Browse for the active client instance in the software
installation folder, which can be checked after importing and N. SYS600 Monitor Pro
running the .SCD file in CET and create an IEC61850 Once the system is brought online for remote access, we can
computer station by giving the base address as 127.0.0.1 and control and monitor all the parameters of the system like
import the OPC PO List into the station. This gives the signal station control, switch positions, alarms, measurements etc.
list of all the equipments, measurements etc. This file is
saved in the .INI format.

Fig. 3.12 System Control

IV. RESULTS
In this particular chapter, we will be discussing about the
final test results, reports, graphs and the final system
developed for the customer.

A. Measurement Reports
Fig. 3.10 OPC DA Configuration Measurement reports provide an interface for showing
measured values for further data analysis in the application.
M. OPC DA Client Control Panel It can be used for monitoring time related follow-ups of the
The .INI instance file is imported into this tool and the process and measured, entered or calculated data. It shows
system is brought online for SCADA remote control. the history of these values, the predicted future values and

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International Journal For Technological Research In Engineering
Volume 2, Issue 9, May-2015 ISSN (Online): 2347 - 4718

the entering values. The reports are for various types of time
related reports, e.g. hourly, weekly, monthly etc.

Fig. 4.1 Triping table

Fig. 4.3 Alarms
B. Events Display
With the Event Display you can monitor the information
D. Final SAS Architecture
about events occurring in the system. Thus, you can make the
The figure on the next page shows the final Substation
right decisions and verify that taken measures have been
Automation System architecture which was developed for
successfully performed. You can also receive information
the 765/400kV substation.
about activities carried out by other users, operations of
objects, acknowledging of alarms, editing of limit values,
logging in, and so on.

Fig. 4.2 Events

Fig. 4.4 SAS Architecture
C. Alarm Display
This shows the summary of the present alarm situation of the
E. Final Control Panel Setup
supervised process. It shows the time stamp, object id, object
These panel figures depict the final setup done which were
text, text indicating alarm status and a number ranging from
required to do the final testing before commissioning the
1-7 indicating the alarm class.
SAS system for the customer.

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International Journal For Technological Research In Engineering
Volume 2, Issue 9, May-2015 ISSN (Online): 2347 - 4718

V. CONCLUSION
The new processes involved in Substation Automation
System and the standard IEC61850 offer several benefits for
the design of a substation. This reduces the number of copper
wires significantly along with the reduced manual work
involved in assembling and testing these wires. The number
of non-supervised functions have reduced to almost zero.
This reduces the time until an error will be detected and
increases the availability of the system. With the introduction
of the new technology, a true redundancy is possible at a
reasonable cost for all the functions of the substation.
Initially, on the path towards the intelligent switchgear, more
physical devices were introduced in the system which
affected the overall system reliability. However, with each
step of functional integration, there is a reduction in the
Fig. 4.5 PC Panel number of physical devices that consequently have improve
the overall system reliability. The general principles of the
substation operation have not changed, since the developing
days. Therefore the control and protection tasks remain the
same. The main objective of a modern Substation
Automation System (SAS) is to solve these tasks in a more
efficient and economical way by using state of the art
information technologies and to provide more functionality
to work substations and their systems harder. IEC61850
communication protocol has made it easy for interoperability
of different IED’s from different manufacturers. This gives
an open possibility to the customers and allows them to
integrate various devices within a system for the remote
control operations.

REFERENCES
[1] SCADA, “MicroSCADA Startup”, ABB, 1st
Edition
[2] Control System Structure, “Protection Application
Handbook”, ABB
Fig. 4.6 REC670 Panel [3] Communication Networks and Systems in
Substations- Introduction and Overview,
“IEC61850-1”, IEC, First Edition 2003-04, Ref. No.
IEC/TR 61850-1:2003(E)
[4] Network General, “Protection Application
Handbook”, ABB
[5] Substation Control, “Protection Application
Handbook”, ABB
[6] Communication Networks and Systems in
Substations- General Requirements, “IEC61850-3”,
IEC, First Edition 2002-01, Ref. No. IEC/TR
61850-3:2002(E)
[7] Product Integration Training Course, “REC Engg”,
ABB, REV 01, 1MYN300201002-03
[8] Substation Control & Automation, “Network
Protection & Automation Guide”, ALSTOM Grid,
May 2011, ISBN: 978-0-9568678-0-3
[9] Communication Networks and Systems in
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IEC/TR 61850-4:2002(E)
[10] Product Integration Training Course,
Fig. 4.7 IED Panel (Inside)
“MicroSCADA Engg”, ABB, REV 01,

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International Journal For Technological Research In Engineering
Volume 2, Issue 9, May-2015 ISSN (Online): 2347 - 4718

1MYN300201002-05
[11] PCM 2.5 Overcurrent, “PCM600 Application
Configuration”, ABB
[12] Substation Automation Products Training, “Control
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[15] Communication Networks and Systems in
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[16] Communication Networks and Systems in
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IEDs, “IEC61850-6”, IEC, First Edition 2004-03,
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[17] Hans Erik Olovsson and Sven-Anders Lejdeby,
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[18] R.P Gupta, “Substation Automation Using
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[19] Peter Leupp and Claes Rytoft, “Special Report
IEC61850”, IEC61850 edition 2, ABB review, 47-
51

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