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    Complex Interview Questions

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    Krish Pavan
    This document contains frequently asked questions about complex analysis prepared by Professor Ben M. Chen from the National University of Singapore. The questions cover topics such as the Cauchy-Riemann equations, proving analyticity of functions, Laurent series expansions, and alternative methods to the Cauchy-Riemann equations for showing analyticity. Professor Chen provides detailed explanations of these foundational complex analysis concepts in his responses.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Complex Interview Questions

    Uploaded by

    Krish Pavan
    2K views3 pages
    This document contains frequently asked questions about complex analysis prepared by Professor Ben M. Chen from the National University of Singapore. The questions cover topics such as the Cauchy-Riemann equations, proving analyticity of functions, Laurent series expansions, and alternative methods to the Cauchy-Riemann equations for showing analyticity. Professor Chen provides detailed explanations of these foundational complex analysis concepts in his responses.

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    This document contains frequently asked questions about complex analysis prepared by Professor Ben M. Chen from the National University of Singapore. The questions cover topics such as the Cauchy-Riemann equations, proving analyticity of functions, Laurent series expansions, and alternative methods to the Cauchy-Riemann equations for showing analyticity. Professor Chen provides detailed explanations of these foundational complex analysis concepts in his responses.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    2K views3 pages

    Complex Interview Questions

    Uploaded by

    Krish Pavan
    This document contains frequently asked questions about complex analysis prepared by Professor Ben M. Chen from the National University of Singapore. The questions cover topics such as the Cauchy-Riemann equations, proving analyticity of functions, Laurent series expansions, and alternative methods to the Cauchy-Riemann equations for showing analyticity. Professor Chen provides detailed explanations of these foundational complex analysis concepts in his responses.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 3

    FREQUENTLYASKEDQUESTIONSONCOMPLEXANALYSIS

    PREPAREDBYPROFESSORBENM.CHEN
    DepartmentofElectricalandComputerEngineering
    NationalUniversityofSingapore
    UPDATE:NOVEMBER10,2009

    1. WhataretheCauchyRiemanequationsfor?

    Givenacomplexfunction f ( z ) f ( x iy ) u ( x, y ) iv( x, y ) ,CauchyRiemanequationsor


    conditionsaretoforcethecomplexderivativeofthefunctiontobeidenticalineverydirec
    tiononthecomplexplane.Theequationsorconditionsaretheresultofforcingthepartial
    derivativesalongthexdirectionandydirectiontobethesame.

    2. Whydowehavetoforcethecomplexderivativeofagivenfunctiontobeidenticalineverydi
    rectiononthecomplexplane?

    Thecomplexderivativeiswithrespectto z x iy .Itisa2Ddifferentiation.

    3. IftheCauchyRiemanequationsorconditionsaresatisfiedforagivenfunctionatapoint,say
    z0 ,canyouconcludethatthefunctionisanalyticat z0 ?

    No.Afunctionf(z)issaidtobeanalyticatapoint z0 ifitisanalyticinaneighborhoodof z0 .

    4. Iff(z)isanalyticatz0,willthepointsatitsneighborhood,saypointAforinstance,alsobe
    analytic?

    It depends. The fact that f(z) is analytic at z0 implies that the function is analytic in the
    neighborhoodofz0(seeQ.3above).However,theradiusofsuchaneighborhoodmightbe
    infinitesimal.Thus,anyfixedpointAmightnotnecessarilyanalytic.

    EE2012AnalyticalMethodsinECE/BenM.Chen/NUSECE Page1of3
    5. Sincealmostalltheformulaweuserequiresf(z)tobeanalyticinitsdomain,doweneedto
    provef(z)isanalyticeverytimeweapplytheformula?

    Yes,itisindeedthatinmanyformulaewehaveinthelectures,whichrequirethefunctionof
    interest,e.g.,f(z),tobeanalytic.Wedoneedtojustifythatf(z)isanalyticwhenrequired.In
    manysituations,however,wecanprovebythefollowingobservations:

    1. Thesumorproductofanalyticfunctionsisanalytic;
    2. Allpolynomialsareanalytic;
    3. Arationalfunctionisanalytic,exceptatzeroesofthedenominator;
    4. Ananalyticfunctionofananalyticfunctionisanalytic;
    5. Functions e z , sin z , cos z , sinh z , cosh z areanalyticeverywhere.

    SideNote: Formulae that require certain functions integrated being analytical include the
    CauchysIntegralTheorem,i.e.,

    f ( z )dz 0
    C

    whichrequiresf(z)beinganalyticonandinsideC,andalsoCauchysintegralformula,i.e.,

    f ( z) f ( n ) ( z0 )
    C ( z z0 )n1 dz 2 i n !

    whichrequiresf(z)beinganalyticonandinsideCaswell.However,notethatintheabove
    formula,theoverallfunctionintegrated,i.e.,
    f ( z)

    ( z z0 ) n 1

    isnotanalyticat z z0 for n 0.

    Ontheotherhand,thefollowingformula

    C f ( z )dz 2 i Res( f , z0 ) or C f ( z )dz 2 i Res( f , zk )


    k 1

    doesnotrequiref(z)beinganalytic.Actually,wearemoreinterestedinthesituationthat
    f(z)isnotanalyticforcertainpoints(singularpoints)insideC.

    EE2012AnalyticalMethodsinECE/BenM.Chen/NUSECE Page2of3
    6. Toprovethatf(z)isanalytic,isthereothermethodbesidesCauchyRiemanequations?

    Yes,anotherapproachotherthanthedirectutilizationoftheCauchyRiemanequationsfor
    proving a function being analytic is to find all its singular points in the region of interest.
    Rememberthat

    Afunctioniseitheranalyticorsingularatanygivenpoint.

    Ifwecanshowthatthefunctionhasnosingularpointsintheregionofinterest.Wecancon
    cludethatitisanalyticinsidetheregion.

    Asmentionedinpreviousquestion,inmanysituations,wearemoreinterestedinfocusing
    onthesingularpointsofthefunction.Infact,itisthesingularitythatmakescomplexanaly
    sisaninterestingsubject.

    7. TogettheLaurentseriesexpansionof e1 z ,itseemswejustneedtoreplacezwith1/zinthe
    Taylor series expansion of e z . Why is it valid to do such a substitution directly? Can we use
    suchanapproachfortheexpansionofotherfunctions?

    SuchanapproachisvalidbecausetheTaylorseriesexpansionorLaurentseriesexpansion
    of a function, if existent, is unique. Hence, no matter what methods you use to derive the
    TaylorseriesorLaurentseriesexpansionofagivenfunction,alltheanswerswillturnoutto
    bethesame.Youcanusesuchanapproachinfindingtheseriesexpansionofanyfunction.

    HereisanexampleonfindingtheTaylorseriesfor f ( z ) 1/( z 2 z ) on z 1 1 :

    1
    1 1 1 1 1 2
    f ( z)
    z z z ( z 1) z 1 z 1 (1 z ) 1 z
    2 1
    2
    1 1 z 1 z 1 z
    2 3
    1 (1 z ) (1 z ) 2 (1 z )3 1
    2 2 2 2
    1 z 1 z 1 z 1
    2 3
    1 ( z 1) ( z 1) ( z 1) 1
    2 3

    2 2 2 2
    1 1 1 1
    1 1 2 ( z 1) 1 3 ( z 1)2 1 4 ( z 1)3
    2 2 2 2

    We note that the first series converges on z 1 1 and the second series converges on
    (1 z ) / 2 1 ,whichisequivalentto z 1 2 .Inoverall,wecanonlyguaranteethesumof
    thesetwoseriesconvergeson z 1 1 .

    EE2012AnalyticalMethodsinECE/BenM.Chen/NUSECE Page3of3

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