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    (&) I. Skin: Integumentary System

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    JAGDEV PANESAR
    The integumentary system consists of the skin and its derivatives. The skin is composed of three layers: the epidermis, dermis, and hypodermis. The epidermis contains keratinocytes that produce keratin and melanocytes that produce melanin. The dermis contains blood vessels, glands, and hair follicles. The integumentary system functions to protect the body through chemical and physical barriers, regulate body temperature, sense the environment, produce vitamin D, store blood, and excrete some wastes.

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    (&) I. Skin: Integumentary System

    Uploaded by

    JAGDEV PANESAR
    25 views5 pages
    The integumentary system consists of the skin and its derivatives. The skin is composed of three layers: the epidermis, dermis, and hypodermis. The epidermis contains keratinocytes that produce keratin and melanocytes that produce melanin. The dermis contains blood vessels, glands, and hair follicles. The integumentary system functions to protect the body through chemical and physical barriers, regulate body temperature, sense the environment, produce vitamin D, store blood, and excrete some wastes.

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    Ch 5 Lecture

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    The integumentary system consists of the skin and its derivatives. The skin is composed of three layers: the epidermis, dermis, and hypodermis. The epidermis contains keratinocytes that produce keratin and melanocytes that produce melanin. The dermis contains blood vessels, glands, and hair follicles. The integumentary system functions to protect the body through chemical and physical barriers, regulate body temperature, sense the environment, produce vitamin D, store blood, and excrete some wastes.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    25 views5 pages

    (&) I. Skin: Integumentary System

    Uploaded by

    JAGDEV PANESAR
    The integumentary system consists of the skin and its derivatives. The skin is composed of three layers: the epidermis, dermis, and hypodermis. The epidermis contains keratinocytes that produce keratin and melanocytes that produce melanin. The dermis contains blood vessels, glands, and hair follicles. The integumentary system functions to protect the body through chemical and physical barriers, regulate body temperature, sense the environment, produce vitamin D, store blood, and excrete some wastes.

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    Integumentary System (Ch.

    5 & part of 24)


    = ____ & derivatives

    I. SKIN

    skin - epidermis - ____________ cells


    - dermis ____________ tissue (areolar & then dense irregular)
    - contains blood vessels
    - hypodermis (superficial fascia)
    - adipose tissue & _____________c.t.
    5-1 - anchors skin loosely
    - shock absorption, insulation

    A. EPIDERMIS
    - keratinized _____________ _____________ epithelium
    5-2 1. Cells
    keratinocytes
    - produce keratin
    - fibrous protein
    - connected by _________________
    - arise at _______ surface from rapidly dividing cells
    - ______ to apical surface as they mature
    - at apical surface are squamous and dead
    melanocytes
    - produce melanin = pigment
    - pass melanin to ___________; protects
    keratinocyte nucleus from UV radiation
    - found in basal layer
    dendritic cells
    - an __________ system cell
    - migrates to lymph nodes to activate immune defenses
    - have long slender _________ that capture invaders
    - derived from bone marrow
    2

    tactile (Merkel) cell


    - together with _________ nerve endings = touch
    receptor = tactile (Merkel) disc (see Table 13.1 p.
    487)
    - found at _________-dermal junctions
    2. Layers

    deep stratum basale - youngest cells, mitosis


    - _________ layer
    -progressively stratum spinosum contain lots of pre-keratin
    more - spines on tissue
    keratinized preparation due
    & to _____________
    less stratum granulosum - ______ cells thick
    viable - last layer of living cells
    stratum lucidum - _________ layer
    - missing in thin skin
    stratum corneum thickest, _____ cells thick

    B. DERMIS
    - has _________, blood vessels, lymph vessels
    - contains - cutaneous _________
    - glands
    - ________ follicles
    - papillary layer superficial, ____% of thickness
    - _________ (________) c.t (c.t. _________)
    - contains dermal papillae
    - projections into ___________
    in thick skin papillae lie on top of
    mounds called dermal ridges
    that make fingerprints
    - reticular layer - deep, 80% of thickness
    - _______, __________ c.t. (c.t. __________)

    5.3
    3

    C. SKIN COLOUR
    - reflects - amounts of pigments
    - __________
    - carotene - from _____________
    - oxygenation of _____________

    II. Sweat Glands and Sebaceous Glands


    A. SWEAT GLANDS = Sudoriferous Glands
    1. eccrine sweat glands (= merocrine sweat glands)
    - most numerous
    - located everywhere, but particularly on
    ________, soles, and forehead
    - thermogegulation both
    - salt solution (hypotonic ________of blood) are
    2. apocrine sweat glands functionally
    - _______& anogenital areas, into hair follicles merocrine
    - secretions similar to eccrine but also
    contain fatty substances & proteins which
    are broken down by bacteria - ________
    - ? sexual scent glands?
    B. Sebaceous (Oil) Glands
    - holocrine glands secrete sebum = dead cells & _____
    5-8 - lubricate & soften skin & hair, prevent H2O loss
    - bactericidal (= bact.-______)
    - everywhere except __________ & ____________
    - stim. by hormones (androgens = male ___hormones)
    - block whiteheads & blackheads
    4

    Sudoriferous Glands = Sweat Glands


    Eccrine (Merocrine) Apocrine Sweat Glands Sebaceous
    Sweat Glands (Oil) Glands
    function _________ control ? sexual scent glands lubricate skin
    & hair
    type of hypotonic filtrate of filtrate of plasma with sebum oily
    secretion ________ proteins and fatty secretion
    substances
    method of __________ merocrine (exocytosis) ___________
    secretion (exocytosis)
    body location everywhere, but axillary and anogenital everywhere
    especially ______, regions except palms
    soles, forehead and _______
    another factoid _________ numerous stinky! associated
    with ______

    III. Functions of the Integumentary System

    A. PROTECTION
    chemical barriers
    - low _____ of secretions
    - antibacterial _______
    - melanin
    physical barriers
    - continuity
    - hardness of ___________
    - (some things penetrate: ____- soluble)
    5

    biological barriers
    - ____________ cells
    - macrophages (macro = big, phage = eat) of dermis
    - cells of immune system that phagocytize debris and
    invaders

    B. BODY TEMP. REGULATION See Ch. 24 p. 952-954


    - regulated by _____________ system
    24-28 thermoregulatory centers
    in hypothalamus of ________
    - receive info from:
    central thermoreceptors in body core &
    hypothalamus
    - peripheral thermoreceptors in ________
    heat-promoting mechanisms:
    - cutaneous blood vessels ________ conserve heat
    -
    -
    heat loss mechanisms:
    - cutaneous blood vessels ________ dissipate heat
    -
    -
    C. CUTANEOUS SENSATION
    - cutaneous sensory receptors
    - temp., ________, pressure, pain, itch
    D. METABOLIC FUNCTION
    - Vit D synth. from ___________
    - other chemical reactions similar to those carried out by _____
    E. BLOOD RESERVOIR
    - __% of blood volume - can be redirected if needed
    F. EXCRETION
    - some __-containing wastes in sweat

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