Autonomic Nervous System - Part 1
Autonomic Nervous System - Part 1
Autonomic Nervous System - Part 1
Function: Autonomic NS
Somatic NS o Two-neuron fiber
o External environment (main function is
to bring about movement and
locomotion) C
Autonomic NS
o Regulates visceral functions
o Plays role in maintaining the balance in Preganglionic fiber
the internal environment
homeostasis
PG Peripheral ganglion (neuron outside CNS)
In terms of sensory receptors:
Somatic NS
o Head, body wall, extremities
Postganglionic fiber
Autonomic NS
o Visceral, internal organs
NEJ- transmission of action potential from a
Center EC preganglionic, postganglionic AN to effector
Somatic NS cell
o Cerebral cortex (basal ganglia,
cerebellum, and spinal cord) NTA Utilized
Autonomic NS Somatic NS
o Hypothalamus, brainstem, and spinal o Acethylcholine
cord Autonomic NS
o Few are controlled by the cerebral o Acetylcholine, Norephinephrine
cortex, thus mostly involuntary, partly
voluntary Site of Inhibition
Respiration- increase pCO2, Somatic NS
decrease pO2 is in the medulla o Center, neuromuscular junction
Micturition- detrusor muscle o 2 sites
Defecation- external anal Autonomic NS
sphincter(contraction: o 3 sites
voluntary control): 55 mmHg o Center, peripheral ganglion,
(maximum) neuroeffector junction
Biochemical Transmission
o Transmission of impulses both in the
somatic as well as autonomic efferent
pathways are mediated by chemical
substances called as NTAs
5 Med- 1E- AUTONIMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM- DRA. VALERIO [REJANE MAURO]
muscle cell, cardiac muscle cell and
Acetylcholine- cholinergic glandular cell.
transmission
NEP- adrenergic/ noradrenergic Steps in biochemical transmission:
transimission
o Sympathetic NS
NTA
EC
o Parasympathetic NS 1
1. Synthesis and storage of NTA
C
That will take place in the axon terminal or
nerve endings. When an action potential is
generated from the center, it will be
transmitted along an efferent nerve and
NTA when this action potential or motor
impulse reaches the nerve ending the
PG membrane becomes highly permeable to
Calcium. So Calcium will initiate a series of
chemical reactions that will cause two
membrane proteins to react with one
another: synaptobrevin and syntaxin. And
NTA this reaction of two membrane proteins
EC will cause the vesicular membrane to fused
with the membrane of the axon terminal
eventually causing the released by
Site of transmission: exocytosis of the NTA agent into the
o In the somatic efferent pathway a NTA is synaptic cleft.
released into: Synthesized in ribosomes, stored in vesicles
Neuromuscular junction mediate or nerve endings
transmission of motor impulses from a
somatic efferent nerve ending to the 2. Release of NTA (at the synaptic cleft)
membrane of the skeletal muscle cell Once release into the synaptic cleft the NTA
o In autonomics, there are two sites where a agent will then bind with a specific receptor
NTA agent is released into: on the membrane of the effector cell.
Peripheral ganglion- that will mediate Therefore, eliciting a physiologic response
transmission of impulses from from the effector cell.
autonomic efferent pre ganglionic 3. NTA binds with receptors (on the effector cell)
nerve ending to the membrane of the . But remember, the NTA agent will not
peripheral ganglion remain permanently bound to the receptor.
4. Deactivation of NTA
Neuroeffector junction- where NTA After eliciting a physiologic response from
agent will mediate transmission of the effector cell, it will be unbound; it will
impulses from an autonomic efferent then be deactivated by one of three
post ganglionic nerve ending to the mechanisms.
membrane of the effector cell, 3 mechanisms:
membrane of the visceral smooth o Enzymatic deactivation
C C
Ach Ach
PG PG
Ach NEP
EC EC
Cholinergic Transmission
1. All somatic NMJ
2. All peripheral/ autonomic ganglia
3. All parasympathetic NEJ
4. Sympathetic cholinergic NEJ
o Sweat glands
o Smooth muscles (blood vessels)
o Skeletal muscle
Noradrenergic Transmission:
o All sympathetic adrenergic
PNS SNS