B Pharm Syllabus
B Pharm Syllabus
B Pharm Syllabus
FIRST YEAR B. PHARMACY
FIRST SEMESTER
RPHS111 BIO STATISTICS AND COMPUTER APPLICATIONS ‐ I
THEORY 48 Hrs
UNIT‐ I Application of Biostatistics in Medicine and Pharmacy – Collection of data: Classification and
Tabulation of Statistical Data – Diagrammatic and Graphical representation – Measure of Central
Tendency ‐ Mean – Median – Mode – Geometric Mean (10 Hrs)
UNIT‐ II Purpose of Sampling – Methods of Sampling – Test of Significance – Null Hypothesis and
Alternative Hypothesis – Standard Errors – One Tailed test and Two Tailed test – T test (10 Hrs)
UNIT‐ III Correlation analysis ‐ Application of correlation analysis – Types of correlation – Scatter
diagram ‐ Karl Pearson’s correlation coefficient ‐ Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient (09 Hrs)
UNIT‐ IV Computer Application: Basic computer components of organization – Classification of
computers ‐ Binary number system conversion – Types of Memory device – Network Topology: Types of
Computer Networks – Internet search engine – Computer input and output device –Multimedia – MS‐
Office Package advantages and application (10 Hrs)
UNIT‐ V Types of Computer Software and Application – Types of Operating System: Statistical Software
Tools – DBMS and RDBMS – Data Abstraction – E –R Diagram Concept – Client Server Process – Network
layers – HTML Web pages (09 Hrs)
BOOKS RECOMMENDED
TEXT BOOKS
1. Introduction to Biostatistics and Computer Science. Y.I. Shah, Dr. A. R. Paradkar & M.G. Dhayagude,
6th edition 2006
2. Introduction to Biostatistics and Research Methods. P.S.S. Sundar Rao and J. Richard, 4th edition
2009
3. Fundamentals of Computers. V. Rajaraman, 4th edition 2009
4. Fundamentals of computing and programming E. Balagurusamy, 2nd edition. 2010
REFERENCES
1. Statistical Methods. S.P. Gupta, edition 2011, Sultan Chand & Sons
2. Bio statistical Analysis, Jerrold. H. Zar. 4th edition 2008
3. Microsoft office 2010 In Simple Steps, Kogent Learning Solutions, edition 2011
4. Complete Reference Internet, 2nd edition. Margaret Levine Young 2007
RPHC112 PHARMACEUTICAL ORGANIC CHEMISTRY – I
THEORY 48 Hrs
UNIT–I Structural Theory: Atomic orbital and molecular orbital, electronic configuration, hybrid orbitals,
polarity, melting point, boiling point, composition of organic compound Empirical and molecular formula
determination, determination of molecular weight – Electronic theory of Bonding, Reactive species‐
carbanion, carbonium ion, Free radicals – Fundamental aspects of Reaction Mechanism, Electron
displacement effects – Classification and IUPAC nomenclature of organic compounds (10 Hrs)
UNIT‐II Alkanes: Nomenclature, physical properties, preparation and reactions with mechanism, Free
radical reaction, Substitution reaction, Bond dissociation energy, Energy of activation Alicyclic
Hydrocarbons: Preparation and Reactions, Bayer’s strain theory, Preparation and reactions of carbine
Alkenes: Nomenclature, preparation and reactions with mechanisms, Markovnikov’s rule and peroxide
effect, Electrophilic and Free radical addition reactions – Dienes: Preparation and Reactions, stability of
conjugated dienes, 1,2 – addition and 1,4 – addition – Alkynes: Nomenclature, preparation and
properties, Reactions with mechanism, Acidity of Alkynes, Tautomerism (10 Hrs)
UNIT–III Benzene: Nomenclature, stability, Resonance, Aromatic character, Huckle’s (4n+2) rule,
Nomenclature of Benzene derivatives, Electrophilic aromatic substitution reaction with mechanism,
Theory of reactivity and orientation effect of substituent groups, orientation of disubstituted benzene,
and synthesis (10 Hrs)
UNIT–IV Nitroalkanes and Aromatic Nitro compounds: Nomenclature, structure, method of preparation,
Physical and chemical properties (09 Hrs)
UNIT–V Alkyl Halides and Aryl Halides: Structure, classification and nomenclature, physical properties,
preparation, reaction, mechanism and kinetics of Nucleophilic substitution reaction (SN1 & SN2),
Elimination reactions (E1&E2) excluding stereochemistry. (09 Hrs)
RPHC113 PHARMACEUTICAL ORGANIC CHEMISTRY – I
PRACTICALS
1. Introduction to the various laboratory techniques through demonstrations involving synthesis of the
following compounds:
a. Acetanilide (Acetylation)
b. Phenyl benzoate (Benzoylation)
c. 2, 4, 6 – Tribromoaniline (Bromination)
d. 1 – Phenyl azo ‐2‐naphthol (Diazotization)
e. Salicylic acid (Hydrolysis of ester)
f. m–Dinitro benzene (nitration)
g. Benzoic acid (side chain oxidation)
2. Identification of organic compounds belonging to the following class ‐ (Systematic qualitative
organic analysis) Phenols:
a. Amides
b. Amines
c. Carboxylic acids
d. Dicarboxylic acid
e. Aldehydes
f. Ketones
g. Nitro compounds
3. Determination of Melting point of organic compounds
4. Determination of Boiling point of organic compounds
BOOKS RECOMMENDED
TEXT BOOKS
1. Organic Chemistry, Morrison and Boyd, 6th edition, 2006, Pearson education, Delhi, India.
2. Advanced Organic Chemistry, Arun Bahl and B.S. Bahl, 1st edition, 2007, S. Chand and Company Ltd.,
New Delhi, India.
REFERENCES
1. Organic Chemistry, Vol. I and II, I.L. Finar, 6th edition, 1994, Longman Publishers, Singapore
2. Text Book of Organic Chemistry, P.L. Soni, H.M. Chawla, 28th edition 2002, Sultanchand & sons
Educational Publishers, New Delhi, India
3. A Text Book of Organic Chemistry, Arun Bahl & B.S. Bahl 18th edition, 2006, S. Chand & Company Ltd,
New Delhi, India
4. Reactions and Reagents by O.P. Agarwal, 42nd edition, 2006, Krishna Prakashan Media (p) Ltd,
Meerut
5. Textbook of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Bentley and Driver, 8th edition, Manzarkhan, Oxford
University Press, New Delhi, India
6. Indian Pharmacopoeia‐ Vol. I and II, 2010, The Indian Pharmacopoeia Commission, Ghaziabad
7. Practical Organic Chemistry by Vogel, 5th edition, 2008, Dorling Kindersley (India) Pvt. Ltd.
RPHC114 PHARMACEUTICAL INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
THEORY 48 Hrs
UNIT–I The Periodic table: Dobereiner’s triads, Newland’s law of octaves, Mendeleev’s periodic table,
Modern Periodic Table, Periodic table and electronic configurations of element. Periodic trends in
properties – Radioactivity and Radioisotopes: Introduction to Radioactivity Detection and measurement
of radioactivity, Isotopes, Isobars, Radioisotopes – Biological effects of Radiation, Artificial Radioactivity
storage and medicinal uses of radioisotopes – Precaution in the use of Radioisotopes, units of
Radioactivity – Theory of co‐ordination compounds with special reference to application in Pharmacy
and Pharmaceutical analysis: EDTA, Dimercaprol, Penicillamine, 1,10‐ Phenanthroline. (10Hrs)
UNIT‐II Method of preparation, assay (only those compounds that are superscribed by a), test for purity,
storage conditions and uses of inorganic compounds in the following categories:
Gastrointestinal agents and related compounds:
Acidifiers: Dilute hydrochloric acid Antacid: Classification, Ideal qualities of antacid, side effects,
advantages, combination therapy, acid neutralizing capacity, Magnesium trisilicate Aluminium hydroxide
gela, Aluminium phosphate, Magnesium hydroxide, Magnesium carbonate, Calcium Carbonatea,
Dimethicone, Magaldrate – Saline Cathartics: Magnesium sulphatea, Magnesium carbonate, Sodium
phosphate (10 Hrs)
UNIT – III Topical Agents:
Adsorbents and Protectives: Activated Charcoal, Bismuth subcarbonatea. Talc, Zinc oxidea, Calamine, Zinc
stearate, Titanium dioxidea, Kaolin, Silicon polymers – Astringents: Alum, Zinc sulphate – Antimicrobials:
Hydrogen peroxidea, Potassium permanganate, Chlorinated limea, Iodinea, Boric acida, Silver nitrate,
Povidone–Iodine, Selenium sulphidea , Zinc undecenoate – Anti‐caries agents and Dentrifices: Role of
fluorides as anti‐caries agent Sodiumfluoride – Desensitizing agents: Strontium chloride and Zinc
chloride (09 Hrs)
UNIT – IV Major Intra and Extra Cellular Electrolytes: Physiological role of Chloride, Phosphate,
Bicarbonate, Sodium, Potassium, Calcium and Magnesium. Electrolytes use for Replacement Therapy:
Sodium chloride, Potassium chloridea, Calcium lactate, Calcium gluconate, Dibasic calcium phosphate
and Tribasic calcium phosphate.
Electrolytes used in the Acid–base Therapy: Sodium acetate, Potassium acetate, sodium citrate a,
Potassium citrate.
Electrolyte Combination Therapy: Sodium chloride solution, Sodium chloride injection, Oral rehydration
salt, Compound Sodium lactate injection, Total Parentral Nutrients. (09Hrs)
UNIT – V Medicinal Gases: Oxygena, Carbondioxidea, Helium, Nitrogen, Nitrous oxide.
Essential and Trace ions: Definition, Physiological role of Iron, Copper, Zinc, Chromium, Manganese,
Molybdenum, Selenium, Sulphur, Iodine. Haematinic: Ferrous fumarate, Ferrous gluconate, Ferrous
sulphatea, Iron and Ammonium citratea
Sclerosing Agent: Hypertonic saline, Sodium tetra decyl sulphate. Expectorants: Ammonium chloridea ,
Potassium iodide.
Sedative: Potassium bromide
Antidotes: Sodium nitrite, Sodium thiosulphatea (10Hrs)
RPHC115 PHARMACEUTICAL INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
PRACTICAL
1. Systematic qualitative analysis of inorganic mixtures of upto 4 radicals. Six mixtures to be analyzed,
preferably by semi‐micro methods
2. All identification tests for pharmacopoeia inorganic pharmaceuticals and qualitative tests for cations
and anions should be covered
3. Tests for purity for swelling power in Bentonite
4. Tests for purity for Ammonium‐salts in potash alum
5. Adsorption power in Heavy Kaolin.
6. Presence of iodate in Potassium Iodide (KI)
7. Preparation of Boric acid
8. Preparation of Potash alum
9. Preparation of Magnesium Sulphate
10. Preparation of Sodium Citrate
BOOKS RECOMMENDED
TEXT BOOKS
1. Text Book of Pharmaceutical Inorganic Chemistry Theory and Practical, V. N. Rajasekaran, 2nd
edition, 2005, Sun Publication, Chennai
2. Bentley and Driver’ s Text Book Of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, L. M. Artherden, 8th edition, 2003,
Oxford University Press, New Delhi
REFERENCES
1. Indian Pharmacopoeia, 2007, The Indian Pharmacopoeia Commission, Ghaziabad
2. Remington ‘The Science and Practice of Pharmacy Vol. I and II, 21st edition, 2009, Wolters Kluver
(India) Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi
3. Inorganic Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, J. H. Block, E. B. Roche, T.O. Sonie, C. O. Wilson,
1st edition, 1986, Varghese Publishing House, Bombay
RPHA116 PHARMACEUTICAL ANALYSIS – I
THEORY 48 Hrs
UNIT –I Introduction
Introduction to qualitative and quantitative analysis, Control of errors in Analysis – Validation of
analytical methods accuracy and precision, repeatability and reproducibility, specificity, sensitivity,
detection limit, linearity and range, ruggedness, Stoichiometric calculation ‐ Express concentration of
solutions, expression of analytical results, volumetric calculation, primary, secondary standards,
preparation and storage of standard solution (10 Hrs)
UNIT‐II Techniques of Quantitative Analysis
Balances – Analytical ‐ Care and use, use of riders, Electronic Balances, Calibration of Analytical weights,
Methods of Sample weighing, Precautions for sample weighing
Volumetric apparatus‐ Calibration of burette, pipette, volumetric flask, Water for lab use (08 Hrs)
UNIT – III Limit Tests Introduction to Pharmacopoeia and Monograph – Quality control and test for
purity: Swelling power, Acid neutralizing capacity, presence of iodates and ferric ion – Sources of
impurities in pharmaceutical Substances – Limit test: Definition, importance, general procedure for limit
test for chlorides, sulphate, Iron, arsenic, heavy metals, lead – Modified limit test for chlorides and
sulphates in potassium permanganate and sodium bi carbonate (10 Hrs)
UNIT – IV Physio‐chemical properties
Calculation of pH of aqueous solution of strong and weak acids and bases, acidic and basic strength and
peak, Henderson‐Hassel Balch equation, buffers, salt hydrolysis, ionic strength and detective constant –
partition coefficient, solubility – Common ion effect, effect of solvents on solubility (10 Hrs)
UNIT – V Titrimetric methods of Analysis‐I
Neutralization Titration: Theory of indicators, neutralization curves, choice of indicators, titration of
polyprotic system (mixture of acids), determination of carbonates and bicarbonates by titration.
Oxidation reduction methods: Theory of redox titration, redox indicators, permanganate titrations,
dichromate titration, iodometry, iodimetry, standardization and titration involving ceric ammonium
sulphate (10 Hrs)
RPHA117 PHARMACEUTICAL ANALYSIS – I
PRACTICAL
a. Standardization of analytical weights and calibration of volumetric apparatus.
b. Preparation and Standardization of volumetric solutions and assay of official compounds involving
Acidimetry, Alkalimetry, Permanganometry, ceriometry, Iodimetry and iodometry as per IP’96
a. Acidimetry‐ Assay of Sodium bicarbonate
Determination of Sodium carbonate content of Washing soda
b. Alkalimetry ‐ Assay of benzoic acid Assay of Boric acid
c. Permanganometry‐ Assay of Potassium bromide
d. Ceriometry ‐ Assay of dried ferrous sulphate
Assay of Ascorbic acid
e. Iodimetry ‐ Assay of sodium thio sulphate
Assay of Sodium meta bisulphate
f. Iodometry ‐ Assay of bleaching powder
Assay of Copper sulphate
c. Limit tests ‐ Limit test for Chloride
Limit test for Sulphate
Limit test for iron
Limit test for arsenic
Limit test for heavy metals
BOOKS RECOMMENDED
TEXT BOOK
1. Practical Pharmaceutical Chemistry, A. M. Beckett and J. B. Stenlake, Vol. I & II, 4th edition, 2005, CBS
Publishers and Distributors, New Delhi
2. Textbook of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, L. M. Antherden, Bentleys and Drivers, 8th edition, 1995,
Oxford University Press, Delhi
3. Inorganic Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, J. H. Block E Roche, T. O. Soine and C. O. Wilson,
1986, Varghese publishing House, Bombay
4. Vogel’s Textbook of quantitative chemical analysis, J.D. Barnes, R C Denny & J. Mendham, M. J. K.
Thomas, 6th edition, 2003, Pearson Education Pvt. Ltd. Delhi
5. Pharmaceutical Titrimetric Analysis – Theory and Practical, A. A. Napoleon, 1st edition, 2006,
Kalaimani publication and Distributors, Tamil Nadu
6. Textbook of Pharmaceutical Inorganic Chemistry – Theory and Practical, V. N. Rajasekaran, 2nd
edition, 2005, Sun Publications, Chennai
REFERENCES
1. Indian Pharmacopoeia, Government of India, Ministry of Health and Family welfare, 5th edition,
2010, The controller of Publication, New Delhi
2. A text book of Pharmaceutical Analysis, K.A. Connors, 3rd edition, 1999, A Wiley Interscience,
Singapore
3. Jenkins Quantitative Pharmaceutical Chemistry, A.M. Knevel and F. E. Digangi, Mc. Graw Hill Book
Co. New York
4. Pharmaceutical Analysis, David G Watson, 2nd edition, 2005, Elsevier Limited, London
5. Method validation in Pharmaceutical Analysis, Joachim ermer, J. H. McB. Miller, 2005, Wiley – VCH
Verlag GmbH and Co. KGaA, Weirheim
6. A new concise Inorganic Chemistry, J.D. Lee, 3rd edition, 1989, English Language book society,
London
RPHL118 HUMAN ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY – I
THEORY 48 Hrs
UNIT‐ I Scope of Anatomy, Physiology and basic terminology (Description of the body as such planes and
terminologies) – Structure and functions of cell components – Tissues: Epithelial tissue, connective
tissue, Muscular tissue and Nervous tissues, their types and characteristics (09 Hrs)
UNIT ‐II Bones and Joints: Structure and functions of skeleton, classification of joints, types of
movements of joints and their disorders, Skeletal muscles: Gross Anatomy, Histology, And Physiology of
muscle contraction.
Sports Physiology: Drugs used in athletics, doping (10 Hrs)
UNIT‐ III Blood: Composition and functions of blood including their disorders – Blood grouping and its
significance, the mechanism of coagulation, bleeding and clotting disorders – Reticulo‐endothelial
system and its functions – Lymph: Formation of lymph and its composition, spleen structure and
functions and disorders (10 Hrs)
UNIT‐ IV Digestive system: Gross anatomy of the G.I.T and its physiology with special reference to liver,
pancreas and stomach, Digestion, absorption, various gastrointestinal secretions and its regulation,
movements of intestine and disorders of digestive system (09 Hrs)
UNIT ‐V Endocrine System and sense organs: Basic Anatomy and Physiology of Pituitary, Thyroid,
Thymus, Pineal gland, Parathyroid, Adrenal and Pancreas glands – Regulation of hormone secretion and
disorders like dwarfism, gigantism, acromegaly, diabetes insipidus, cretinism, myxedema, goiter,
Addison’s disease, Cushing’s syndrome, diabetes mellitus, pheochromocytoma, Physiology of vision,
audition, olfaction, taste and skin (10 Hrs)
RPHL119 HUMAN ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY – I
PRACTICAL
1. Determination of Hemoglobin content of human blood
2. Determination of R.B.C content of human blood
3. Determination of W.B.C content of human blood
4. Determination of Blood groups
5. Determination of Blood pressure
6. Determination of Bleeding time and clotting time
7. Determination of Erythrocyte sedimentation rate of human blood
8. Determination of Tonicity of human blood
9. Study of histological slides of different tissues/organs
BOOKS RECOMMENDED
TEXT BOOKS
1. Principles of Anatomy and Physiology‐Gerard J Tortora, Bryan Derrickson, 11th edition, Published by
Wiley, USA
2. Anatomy and Physiology in Health illness‐ Anne Waugh ‐ Ross and Wilson 10th edition, 2006,
Published by Churchill Livingstone Elsevier, UK
3. Seeley’s Fundamentals of Human Anatomy and Physiology‐Cinnamon Van Putte, 7th edition, Tata
McGraw Hill, 2009, New Delhi
4. Human Physiology, Vol. – I & II C.C. Chattterjee, 11th edition, 1997, Medical Allied Agency, Calcutta
REFERENCES
1. Davidson’s Principles and Practice of Medicine, Churchill Living Stone, 21st edition, 2010, Elsevier,
USA
2. Textbook of Medical Physiology, Guyton A, Hall, J.E., 11th edition, Elsevier, New Delhi
SECOND SEMESTER
RPHS121 BIO STATISTICS AND COMPUTER APPLICATIONS ‐ II
THEORY 48 Hrs
UNIT–I Introduction to Basic Concepts of Biostatistics Population data – Sample and Variables –
Frequency distribution – Bivariate Frequency distribution – Harmonic mean – Measure of dispersion ‐
Range – Quartile Deviation – Mean Deviation ‐ Standard Deviation ‐ Variance – Skewness and Kurtosis
(10 Hrs)
UNIT–II Chi Square test – Degrees of Freedom – F test ‐ Analysis of Variance – Types of ANOVA – Non
Parametric Sign test – Advantages of Non Parametric test (9 Hrs)
UNIT – III Regression Analysis – Types of Regression Analysis‐ Utility of Regression Analysis – Comparison
of Correlation and Regression – Regression Equations (10Hrs)
UNIT – IV Computer Application: Introduction to Unix / Linux Operating System and Advantages – Unix
Architecture – File System – Basic Commands – Directors – File Permissions ‐ Pipes ‐ VI Editor (10 Hrs)
UNIT – V Introduction to C language – Character Set – C key words – Scope of Variables – Relational and
Logical Operators – Reading and Writing Character – Decision Making Control Statement – Controls
Loops – Arrays ‐ Functions – Developing C Programs (10 Hrs)
BOOKS RECOMMENDED
TEXT BOOKS
1. Biostatistics P. N. Arora and P.K Malhan, 5th edition 2008
2. Introduction to Operating System Concepts and Practice Pramod Chandra P. Bhatt. 2nd edition 2008
REFERENCES
1. Fundamentals of Bio Statistical Veer Bala Rastogi, Second edition 2011
2. The Complete Reference C, Herbert Schildt, 4th edition 2011
3. UNIX for Programmers and Users, 3rd edition, Graham Glass & King Ables, 2009
RPHP122 PHYSICAL PHARMACEUTICS ‐ I
THEORY 48 Hrs
UNIT‐I Solutions‐ Solubility‐ Functional group effect on solubility‐ Determination of solubility‐
Dissolution rate – Factors affecting solubility and dissolution rate – Dissolution study‐ Noyes Whitney
equation – Theories of dissolution, isotonic solutions, Distribution law – Diffusion‐ Partition co‐efficient‐
Fick’s laws of diffusion – Factors affecting diffusion – Steady state diffusion – Sink conditions – Diffusion
studies by various methods (10Hrs)
UNIT‐II Surface and Interfacial tensions at liquid/liquid interface – Measurement of surface and
interfacial tensions – Spreading co‐efficient – Adsorption at the solid / gas and solid/liquid interfaces –
Surface active agents and their applications – HLB classification – Electrical properties at interfaces
(10Hrs)
UNIT‐III Rheology – Viscosity, Newtonian and non‐Newtonian systems – Determination of viscosity –
Thixotrophy – Quantification of thixotrophy (09Hrs)
UNIT‐IV Colloidal Dispersions – Definition – Types and properties of colloids – Protective colloid –
Purification of colloids – Application of colloids in Pharmacy‐ Gels and its application (10Hrs)
UNIT‐V Emulsions – Types – Identification, Preparation, Theories of emulsification – Physical stability of
emulsions – Formulation, Emulsifying agents – Applications, Computation of Ternary phase diagrams
(09Hrs)
RPHP123 PHYSICAL PHARMACEUTICS ‐ I
PRACTICAL
1. Determination of Surface tension by drop weight method
2. Determination of Surface tension by drop count method
3. Determination of critical micellar concentration
4. Determination of spreading coefficient
5. Determination of Viscosity of a given liquid using Ostwald Viscometer
6. Determination of effect of concentration on viscosity of the given liquid.
7. Preparation and evaluation of stability of sulphur colloids
8. Identification of an emulsion
9. Determination of solubility of sodium chloride by gravimetric method
10. Determination of Partition coefficient
11. Preparation of Ferric Hydroxide Colloids
BOOKS RECOMMENDED
TEXT BOOK
1. Physical Pharmaceutics, R. Manavalan and C. Ramasamy, 2nd revised edition, 2004, Vignesh
publisher, Chennai
2. Bentley’s Text Book of Pharmaceutics, E. A. Rawlins 8th edition, Elsevier Publications
3. Physical Pharmacy, Alfred Martin, 4th edition, 2002, Lippincott Williams and Wilkins, Philadelphia
REFERENCES
1. The Science and practice of Pharmacy, Remington, 21th edition, 2005, Lippincott Williams and
Wilkins, Philadelphia
2. Dispensing Pharmacy, Cooper and Gunn’s, 6th edition, 2003, CBS Publishers and Distributors, New
Delhi
RPHC124 PHARMACEUTICAL ORGANIC CHEMISTRY –II
THEORY 48 Hrs
UNIT – I Alcohol and Ether: Classification, Nomenclature, physical properties including acidity and
basicity, preparation and reactions – Structure and uses of Cetostearyl alcohol, Chlorobutanol, Glyceryl
trinitrate, Mephenesin, Dimercaprol, Chloral hydrate and Sodium lauryl sulphate (10 Hrs)
UNIT – II Aldehydes and Ketone: (Aliphatic and Aromatic) Physical properties, preparation and reaction
with mechanism – Structure and uses of Paraldehyde, Vanillin and Ketoprofen (10 Hrs)
UNIT–III Carboxylic Acid: (Aliphatic and Aromatic) Physical properties, preparations and reactions,
ionization, acidity, structure of carboxylate ion, effect of substituents on acidity – Structure and uses of
Lactic acid, Citric acid, Tartaric acid, Oxalic acid, Aspirin, Ibuprofen, Probenecid and Salicylic acid –
Functional Derivatives of Carboxylic Acids: Nomenclature, physical properties, preparation and reactions
of Acid Chloride, Acid amide, Acid anhydrides and esters – Structure and uses of Benzyl benzoate,
Dimethyl phthalate and Saccharin (10 Hrs)
UNIT–IV Amines: (Aliphatic and Aromatic) Classification, Nomenclature, physical properties, preparation
and Reaction, structure and Basicity of amines, effect of substituents on Basicity of amines – Structure
and uses of Ethylene diamine dihydrate, Amphetamine and Sulphanilamide.Synthetic uses of Active
Methylene Compounds: Acetoacetic ester and Malonic ester, Diazonium salt and Grignard reagents (09
Hrs)
UNIT–V Phenols: Nomenclature, Physical properties, salts of phenols, preparation and Reactions, Acidity
of phenols – Structure and uses of Chlorocresol, Chloroxylenol, Paracetamol, Thymol, Sodium amino
salicylate,Methyl salicylate, Butylated hydroxy anisole (09 Hrs)
RPHC125 PHARMACEUTICAL ORGANIC CHEMISTRY –II
PRACTICALS
1. Quantitative determination of the following organic compounds:
a. Citric acid
b. Tartaric acid
c. Hexamine
d. Benzoic acid
e. Lactic acid
2. Synthesis of the following compounds:
a. Preparation of Dibenzyl acetone from Benzaldehyde (Claisen‐Schmidt reaction)
b. Preparation of Benzanilide (Benzoylation)
c. Preparation of Iodoform
d. Preparation of Phthalimide
e. Preparation of Hippuric acid
f. Preparation of Picric acid from Phenol (Nitration)
BOOKS RECOMMENDED
TEXT BOOKS
1. Organic Chemistry, Morrison and Boyd, 6th edition, Pearson education, Delhi, India.
2. Advanced Organic Chemistry, Arun Bahl and B.S. Bahl, 1st edition, 2007, S. Chand and company Ltd,
New Delhi, India.
REFERENCES
1. Organic Chemistry, Vol. I and II IL. Finar, 6th edition, 1994, Longman Publishers, Singapore
2. Text Book of Organic Chemistry, P.L. Soni, H.M. Chawla, 28th edition 2002, Sultanchand & sons
Educational Publishers, New Delhi, India
3. A Text Book of Organic Chemistry, Arun Bahl & B.S. Bahl 18th edition, 2006, S. Chand & company Ltd,
New Delhi, India
4. Reactions and Reagents, O.P Agarwal, 42nd edition, 2006, Krishna Prakashan Media Pvt. Ltd, Meerut
5. Textbook of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Bentley and Driver, 8th edition, Manzarkhan, Oxford
University press, New Delhi, India
6. Indian Pharmacopoeia‐ Vol. I and II, 2010, The Indian Pharmacopoeia Commission, Ghaziabad
7. Practical organic chemistry by Vogel, 5th edition, 2008, Dorling Kindersley (India) Pvt. Ltd.
8. Organic Chemistry by Morisson and Boyd, 6th edition, 2006, Pearson Education
RPHA126 PHARMACEUTICAL ANALYSIS – II
THEORY 48 Hrs
UNIT–I Titrimetric methods of Analysis ‐ II
Precipitation titration: Preparation and standardization of titrants like silver nitrate, ammonium
thiocyanate; titrations according to Mohr’s and Volhard’s methods, ammonium and potassium
thiocyanate titrations, indicators, applications in pharmaceutical analysis, Fajan’s method and
Gaylussac’s method.
Diazotisation titrations: Different conditions involved in diazotisation of different amines, end point
determination and pharmaceutical analytical applications such as in the assay of sulfonamides (08 Hrs)
UNIT – II Titrimetric methods of Analysis ‐ III
Non‐aqueous titrations: Theoretical basis, scope and limitations, acid base equilibria in non‐aqueous
media, titration of weak bases, weak acids and indicators. Standardization of perchloric acid, lithium and
sodium methoxide, tetrabutyl ammonium hydroxide
Complexometric titrations: Complexation, chelation, Werner’s co‐ordination number, stability of
complexes, titration curves, types of complexometric titration, methods of end point detection. pM
indicator, masking and demasking agents, factors influencing the stability of complexes and applications
– such as estimation of calcium gluconate, bismuth carbonate and determination of hardness of water
(10 Hrs)
UNIT – III Electrometric Methods
Potentiometry: Electrical potential, electrochemical cell, reference electrodes, indicator electrodes,
measurement of potential and pH, construction and working of electrodes, Potentiometric titrations,
methods of detecting end point, Karl Fischer titration.
Polarography: Instrumentation, DME, residual current, diffusion current and limiting current,
polarographic wave, Ilkovic’s equation, Effect of oxygen on polarographic wave, Polarographic maxima
and suppressors and applications.
Amperometric Titrations: Introduction, types of electrodes used, reference and indicator electrode,
instrumentation, titration procedure, advantages and disadvantages of Amperometry. Pharmaceutical
applications (10 Hrs)
UNIT – IV Miscellaneous methods of analysis
Conductometry: Introduction, Conductivity cell, Conductometric titrations and applications.
Gravimetric method: Gravimetric calculation, organic precipitates, Co‐precipitation, Solvent extraction
and extraction reagents. Karl Fischer titration, Kjeldhal method of nitrogen estimation, Oxygen Flask
combustion and Gasometry – Assay of CO2, N2O, O2 (10 Hrs)
UNIT – V Introduction to Chromatography
Introduction, history, classification, separation techniques, choice of methods. Principles and techniques
of separation of drugs from excipients
Paper Chromatography: Introduction, principle, types of paper chromatography, preparation
techniques, development techniques, applications
Thin Layer Chromatography: Introduction, principle, techniques, Rf value and applications
Column Chromatography: Adsorption column chromatography, Operational technique, frontal analysis
and elution analysis. Factors affecting column efficiency, applications and partition chromatography (10
Hrs)
RPHA127 PHARMACEUTICAL ANALYSIS – II
PRACTICAL
1. Preparation and standardization of volumetric solution and Assay of official compounds involving
a. Precipitation titration – Assay of Potassium iodide
Assay of Sodium chloride
b. Diazotization titration ‐ Assay of Sulphanilamide
c. Non‐aqueous titrations ‐ Assay of Glycine
Assay of Nicotinamide
Assay of Saccharin sodium
Assay of Sodium benzoate
d. Complexometric titrations ‐ Assay of Calcium gluconate
Assay of Magnesium stearate
Assay of Zinc chloride
Hardness of water
e. Conductometric titration – Determination of water conductivity
Chemical reaction of Weak acid Vs Weak Base
f. Potentiometric titration – Assay of Ephedrine
Assay of amoxicillin sodium
2. Identification of amino acids by ascending paper chromatography
3. Identification of organic substances by thin layer chromatography
4. Determination of water content using Karl – Fischers reagent
BOOKS RECOMMENDED
TEXT BOOK
1. Practical Pharmaceutical Chemistry, A.M. Beckett and J.B. Stenlake, Vol. I & II, 4th edition, 2005, CBS
Publishers and Distributors, New Delhi
2. Textbook of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, L.M. Antherden, Bentleys and Drivers, 8th edition, 1995,
Oxford University Press, Delhi
3. Inorganic Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, J.H. Block E Roche, T.O. Soine and C.O. Wilson,
1986, Varghese publishing House, Bombay
4. Vogel’s Textbook of quantitative chemical analysis, J. D. Barnes, R C Denny & J. Mendham, M. J. K.
Thomas, 6th edition, 2003, Pearson Education Pvt. Ltd. Delhi
5. Pharmaceutical Titrimetric Analysis – Theory and Practical, A.A. Napoleon, 1st edition, 2006,
Kalaimani publication and Distributors, Tamil Nadu
REFERENCES
1. Indian Pharmacopoeia, Government of India, Ministry of Health and Family welfare, 5th edition,
2010, The controller of Publication, New Delhi
2. A text book of Pharmaceutical Analysis, K. A. Connors, 3rd edition, 1999, A Wiley Interscience,
Singapore
3. Jenkins Quantitative Pharmaceutical Chemistry, A. M. Knevel and F. E. Digangi, Mc. Graw Hill Book
Co. New York
4. Pharmaceutical Analysis, David G Watson, 2nd edition, 2005, Elsevier Limited, London
5. Method validation in Pharmaceutical Analysis, Joachim Ermer, J.H. McB. Miller, 2005, Wiley‐VCH
Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim
6. A new concise Inorganic Chemistry, J.D. Lee, 3rd edition, 1989, English Language book society,
London
RPHL128 HUMAN ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY – II
THEORY 48 Hrs
UNIT‐ I Central Nervous System: Definition and classification of nervous system, Structure and functions
of brain, Spinal cord, Thalamus, hypothalamus and basal ganglia – Functions of cerebrum, cerebellum –
Vital centers of medulla oblongata, cerebral ventricles, cranial nerves and their functions,
Neurotransmitters in Brain, EEG (10 Hrs)
UNIT‐ II Autonomic Nervous System: Definition and classification of autonomic nervous system –
Anatomy, Physiology and Divisions of Autonomic Nervous System, Motor and Sensory Pathways (09 Hrs)
UNIT ‐III Cardiovascular system: Anatomy and Physiology of heart, blood vessels, blood circulation
(pulmonary, coronary and systemic circulation) Cardiac cycle, heart rate, blood pressure and its
regulation, Electrocardiogram (ECG) and heart sounds – Definition of the following Disorders:
Hypertension, Atherosclerosis, Myocardial infarction, Congestive heart failure, Angina, Cardiac
arrhythmias (10 Hrs)
UNIT ‐IV Respiratory System: Anatomy of respiratory tract, mechanism of respiration and its regulation,
Lung Volume, Lung capacity – Transport of oxygen and carbon dioxide. Disorders like cyanosis, Mountain
sickness and Caisson’s disease. Definition of Hypoxia, Asphyxia, Dysbarism, Oxygen therapy and
Resuscitation (09 Hrs)
UNIT‐ V Genito Urinary System and Reproductive System: Structure and functions of Kidney and Urinary
Tract, Physiology of Urine formation and acid base balance and disorders, Structure and function of
Male and Female reproductive system, Sex hormones, physiology of menstruation, coitus and
fertilization, Spermatogenesis and Oogenesis, pregnancy parturition and disorders (10 Hrs)
RPHL129 HUMAN ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY – II
PRACTICAL
1. Determination of Differential count of human blood.
2. Determination of Blood Pressure.
3. Determination of ECG.
4. Determination of Packed cell Volume of human blood.
5. Determination of Respiratory Volumes.
6. Determination of Body temperature.
7. Study of Normal and Abnormal constituents of Urine by urine analysis.
8. Study of Human Systems and Models.
9. Study of different family planning appliances.
10. To perform pregnancy diagnosis tests.
BOOKS RECOMMENDED
TEXT BOOK
1. Principles of Anatomy and Physiology‐Gerard J Tortora, Bryan Derrickson, 11th edition, Published by
Wiley, USA
2. Anatomy and Physiology in Health illness‐ Anne Waugh ‐ Ross and Wilson 10th edition, 2006,
Published by Churchill Livingstone Elsevier, UK
3. Seeley’s Fundamentals of Human Anatomy and Physiology‐Cinnamon Van Putte, 7th edition, Tata Mc
Graw Hill, 2009, New Delhi
4. Human Physiology, Vol. – I & II C.C. Chattterjee, 11th edition, 1997, Medical Allied Agency, Calcutta
REFERENCES
1. Davidson’s Principles and practice of Medicine, Churchill Living Stone, 21st edition, 2010, Elsevier, USA
2. Textbook of Medical Physiology, Guyton A, Hall, J.E., 11th edition, Elsevier, New Delhi
SECOND YEAR B. PHARMACY
THIRD SEMESTER
RPHP231 PHARMACEUTICAL MANAGEMENT AND
MARKETING
THEORY 48 Hrs
UNIT‐I Pharmaceutical management: Concept on management – Principles of management –
Administrative and Operative management ‐ Entrepreneurship development – Personnel management
and Industrial Relations – Objectives and functions of personnel department – Employment and
development of personnel – Materials Management: Basic principles of materials management‐
Purchasing organization – Inventory control ‐ EOQ, ABC, VED, Safety stock (10 Hrs)
UNIT‐II Project Management – Theory of constraints – Buffer management and charts – Project planning
(09 Hrs)
UNIT‐III Marketing Management: Marketing functions – buying – selling – transportation – storage –
finance ‐ feedback information – Channels of distributions: Types of middlemen‐ wholesaler‐functions‐
retailer‐itinerant vendors‐Fixed shop traders‐Small scale‐large scale‐Departmental stores‐Mail order
business‐Multiple shops‐Co‐operative stores‐Supermarkets‐Choice of channels of distribution
Market demand analysis: Measuring and forecasting market demands – Market Research. Salesmanship:
Sales organization in business houses‐ factors governing sales‐ sales agencies and their control‐ sales
promotion‐ salesmanship and personal selling‐ statistics, graphs and charts‐ their aid in sales control‐
Advertising (10 Hrs)
UNIT‐ IV Economics: Introduction‐ Definition and scope, principles of economics‐ Utility analysis‐ Law of
diminishing marginal utility‐ Demand and supply‐ Law of demand‐ demand schedules and demand
curves‐ Elasticity of demand‐ Documents used in external trade‐ Export and import trade procedures –
GATT (10Hrs)
UNIT‐V Accountancy: Introduction‐ Bookkeeping‐ Meaning, Definition and objectives‐ Accounting‐
Meaning, branches, limitations, basic terms‐ basic accounts‐ Accounting principles (concepts and
conventions) ‐ Journal‐ Subsidiary books (or) sub‐journals including cash books‐ Ledger‐ Trial balance‐
errors revealed and not revealed by trial balance. Final accounts‐ Trading and Profit and Loss Accounts‐
Balance sheet (09 Hrs)
BOOKS RECOMMENDED
TEXT BOOK
1. Personnel Management, Arun Monappa, M.S. Saiyadain, 2nd edition, Tata Mc‐Grill Publishers Pvt.
Ltd, New Delhi
2. Fundamentals of Business Organization and Management, Y.K. Bhushan, Sultanchand & Company,
New Delhi
3. Advanced Accountancy, Gupta R.L. Vol. I and Vol. II, Sultanchand & Company New Delhi
4. Pharmaceutical Administration and Industrial Business Management, N. Arun Balaji, Kanakambal
Natrajan publishers, Erode
5. Drug Store and Business Management, Mohan Singhal & Jaidev, Imprint of S. Vikas and Co, India.
6. Project management by Eli Goldratt, 1986, North River Press
REFERENCES
1. Principles of Pharmaceutical Marketing, Mickey Smith, 3rd edition, CBS Publishers & Distributors,
New Delhi
2. Principles of Marketing, by Philips Kotler, 13th edition, Prentice Hall of India Pvt. Ltd
3. Fundamentals of Pharmacy Practice, N. P. Agarwal, R. K. Tailor, Aavishkar Publishers, Jaipur
RPHP232 PHYSICAL PHARMACEUTICS ‐ II
THEORY 48 Hrs
UNIT‐I Suspensions‐Definition‐ Interfacial properties of Suspended particles in suspensions‐ Flocculated
and deflocculated suspensions‐ Sedimentation volume‐ Degree of sedimentation‐ Brownian movement
Controlled flocculation‐ Flocculation in structured vehicle (10 Hrs)
UNIT‐II Micromeritics ‐ Particle size and distribution‐ Expression of particle size‐ Number and weight
distribution‐ Particle shape‐ Methods to determine particle size and specific area‐ Derived properties of
powders – bulk density – true density – porosity (09 Hrs)
UNIT‐III Complexation and Protein Binding‐ Definition and classification of complexes‐ Intermolecular
forces in complexes‐ Applications in pharmacy‐ Methods of analysis‐ Drug‐Protein binding‐
Determination of protein binding‐ competitive binding‐ Significance of protein binding (09 Hrs)
UNIT‐IV Kinetics‐ Rate and order of reactions‐ Reaction kinetics (zero, first and second orders) ‐ Complex
reactions‐ Influence of temperature, humidity and light on the rate of reaction‐ Decomposition
mechanisms (hydrolysis, oxidation, racemization, decarboxylation, photochemical) and stabilization
methods‐ Accelerated stability study as per ICH guidelines and its limitations‐ Expiration dating‐
Overages‐ Simple calculations. (10 Hrs)
UNIT‐V Thermodynamics‐ First, Second and third laws of thermodynamics‐ Internal energy‐ Open,
closed and isolated systems‐ Isothermal, adiabatic and reversible processes‐Enthalpy‐Heat Capacity‐
Thermo chemistry and its applications‐Entropy‐free energy‐ Criteria of spontaneity and equilibrium‐
Chemical potential. Matter and Properties of Matter‐ States of Matter‐Changes in the states of matter‐
Phase rule‐ One component system‐Sublimation‐ Critical Point – Eutectic mixtures‐ Vapor Pressure and
its application in aerosol‐ Inhalers‐ Relative humidity and its importance‐ Liquid complexes, Liquid
crystals‐ Glassy states‐ Solids (crystalline, amorphous and polymorphism) Definition of cohesive and
adhesive forces‐ Forces between atoms, ions and molecules (10 Hrs)
RPHP233 PHYSICAL PHARMACEUTICS II
PRACTICAL
1. Determination of Bulk density
2. Determination of True density
3. Determination of Percentage porosity
4. Determination of Angle of repose
5. Determination of the effect of glidant on the angle of repose
6. Determination of particle size using optical microscope
7. Determination of average particle size by sieving method
8. Evaluation of Physical stability of suspension
9. Determination of flocculation
10. Determination of rate constant for pseudo first order reaction
11. Determination of rate constant for second order reaction
12. Study of Complex formation by distribution method
13. Determination of heat of solution of benzoic acid by solubility method
BOOKS RECOMMENDED
TEXT BOOK
1. Physical Pharmaceutics, R. Manavalan and C. Ramasamy, 2nd revised edition, 2004, Vignesh
publisher, Chennai
2. Aulton’s Pharmaceutics The design and Manufacture of Medicine, Michael E Aulton, 3rd edition ,
Churchill Livingstone Elsevier
3. Physical Pharmacy, Alfred Martin, 4th edition, 2002, Lippincott Williams and Wilkins, Philadelphia
REFERENCES
1. The Science and practice of pharmacy, Remington, 21th edition, 2005, Lippincott Williams and
Wilkins, Philadelphia
RPHP234 PHARMACEUTICAL TECHNOLOGY – I
THEORY 48 Hrs
UNIT– I Heat Transfer: Heat transfer mechanism, heat transfer by conduction, Fourier’s law, natural and
forced convection, surface and overall heat transfer co‐efficient, heat transfer by radiation, heaters and
heat exchangers. Fluid Flow: Fluid statics, manometers, types of flow, Reynolds number its significance
and applications, concept of boundary layer, Bernoulli’s theorem and its applications, measurement of
fluid flow‐flow meters and valves. Liquid Handling‐ Different types of pumps, Solid Handling – Conveyors
(10 Hrs)
UNIT‐ II Materials of plant construction: General study of composition‐ physical, chemical and
mechanical properties and applications of materials of construction with special references to ferrous
metals, copper, Aluminum, nickel, stainless steel, plastics and glass. Corrosion‐ types of corrosion‐
methods to prevent corrosion (10 Hrs)
UNIT‐ III Humidity‐ measurement of humidity‐ humidity chart‐ humidifier and dehumidifier‐ refrigerator
and air conditioning: Principles‐ compression and absorption types‐ co‐efficient of refrigeration‐
refrigeration load – brine system – room and industrial air conditioners – applications in pharmacy (09
Hrs)
UNIT – IV Size Reduction – definition‐objectives of size reduction‐factors affecting size reductions, laws
governing energy‐equipments –study of various types of mill, including ball mill, hammer mill, fluid
energy mill, sieves and their usage in grading of powders – Size Separation – Standards of sieves as per
official books, powder gradation, size distribution methods, techniques of size separation‐ separators‐
Hydraulic separator, air separator (10 Hrs)
UNIT –V Mixing – theory‐liquid/liquid, liquid/solid, solid/solid mixing, mechanism of powder mixing,
factors affecting mixing‐ equipments‐ sigma and ribbon blender, paddle mixer, tumblers like cubes and
double cone, propeller mixer, paddle, planetary mixer. Packaging of pharmaceutical products, Industrial
hazards: mechanical, electrical, fire and dust hazards and safety precautions (09 Hrs)
RPHP235 PHARMACEUTICAL TECHNOLOGY‐ I
PRACTICALS
1. Determination of Reynolds number
2. Determination of humidity‐ use of dry bulb and wet bulb temperature
3. Determination of humidity by dew point method
4. Measurement of Dew point
5. Size separation by sieving
6. Effect of density on mixing
7. Study of permeation through container materials
8. Experiment to illustrate solid/solid mixing. Determination of mixing efficiency using different types of
mixers
9. Determination of Ball mill efficiency using Rittinger’s law
10. Determination of effect of mixer on globular size of castor oil emulsion
11. Determination of Particle size by sieving method
BOOKS RECOMMENDED
TEXT BOOKS
1. Tutorial Pharmacy, Cooper and Gunn’s, 12th edition, 2008, CBS Publishers and Distributors, New
Delhi
2. Pharmaceutical engineering –K. Sambamurthy, 2nd edition, 2005, NaI Pvt. Ltd, Delhi
3. Pharmaceutical Engineering: Principles and Practice, C.V.S. Subramanyam, 2nd edition, 2006, Vallabh
Prakashan, Delhi
4. Introduction to Chemical Engineering, Walter L. Badger, Julius T. Banchero, McGraw‐Hill book
company, Singapore
REFERENCES
1. Pharmaceutics The Science of dosage form, Collette, Aulton, 3rd edition, 2009, ELBS Publishers,
London
2. The Theory and Practice of Industrial Pharmacy – Lachman L, Lieberman H. A & Kanji J.L, Special
Indian edition, 2009, CBS publishers Pvt. Ltd. New Delhi
3. Pharmaceutical Engineering, Dr. A.R. Paradkar, 11th edition, 2009, Nirali Prakashan, New Delhi
RPHC236 PHARMACEUTICAL ORGANIC CHEMISTRY ‐ III
THEORY 48 Hrs
UNIT–I Polynuclear Hydrocarbons: Preparation, properties, reactions and uses of Diphenylmethane,
Triphenyl methane, Naphthalene, Anthracene, Phenanthrene. Structure and uses of Triphenyl methane
derivatives‐Brilliant green, Crystal violet, Phenolphthalein, Fluorescein and Phenol red (10 Hrs)
UNIT–II Optical Isomerism: Stereoisomerism, Tetrahedral carbon atom, Optical activity, Chirality,
Elements of symmetry, Conventions used in stereochemistry – Relative and absolute configuration,
Sequence rule, Racemic modification, Resolution, Walden Inversion, Asymmetric synthesis,
Stereospecific and Stereoselective synthesis (10 Hrs)
UNIT– III Geometrical Isomerism: Nature, Nomenclature, Cis‐trans isomerism, E and Z notation, Modern
theory of double bonds, Determination of configuration, Interconversions. Stereochemistry of
Biphenyls, Allenes, Spirans, Tertiary amine and Oximes Conformational Analysis of Ethane, n‐butane and
Cyclohexane (Mono and Di substituted) (10 Hrs)
UNIT–IV Synthetic Tools: Reduction with hydrazine, Birch reduction, Clemmenson’s reduction, MPV
reduction, Beckmann rearrangement, Schimdt rearrangement, Darzen condensation, Oppenauer
oxidation, Micheal’s addition and Mannich reaction (09 Hrs)
UNIT–V Organic Reagents: Preparation and applications of anhydrous Aluminum chloride, Periodic acid,
N – Bromo succinimide, Ozone, Lead tetraacetate, Sodium azide, Thionyl chloride and Sodamide (09 Hrs)
RPHC237 PHARMACEUTICAL ORGANIC CHEMISTRY –III
PRACTICALS
1. Quantitative determination of functional group.
a. Carboxyl group by acid – base method
b. Alcoholic group by acetylation method
c. Amino group by acetylation method
d. Phenolic group by bromination method
e. Acetyl group by hydrolysis with alkali
f. Determination of amide group
2. Preparation of organic compounds involving more than one step.
a. Preparation of P‐nitro acetanilide from aniline
b. Preparation of P‐bromo acetanilide from aniline
c. Preparation of Eosin from fluorescein
d. Preparation of P‐amino azo benzene from aniline
e. Preparation of Anthranilic acid from phthalimide
f. Preparation of Benzilic acid from benzil
3. Determination of specific rotation value of optically active compound Dextrose & Tartaric acid
BOOKS RECOMMENDED
TEXT BOOKS
1. Reactions and Reagents, O.P. Agarwal, 42nd edition, 2006, Goel Publishing House, Meerut
2. Organic Chemistry of Natural Products, Gurdeep Chatwal Vol. I, 3rd edition, 2005, Himalaya
Publishing House, Mumbai
3. Organic Chemistry of Natural Products, Gurdeep Chatwal Vol. II, 3rd edition, 2005, Himalaya
Publishing House, Mumbai
REFERENCES
1. Organic Chemistry by I. L. Finar Vol. I & II, 6th edition, Longman Singapore Publishers, Singapore
2. Organic Chemistry, Morrison and Boyd, 6th edition, Pearson Education, Delhi
3. Advanced Organic Chemistry, Jerry March, 4th edition, 2004, John Wiley & sons, Singapore
4. Stereochemistry of carbon compounds by Ernest L. Eliel, Tata Mc Graw‐ Hill Publishing Company
Limited, 1975
RPHC238 BIOCHEMISTRY AND BIOMOLECULES – I
THEORY 48 Hrs
UNIT‐I Carbohydrates: Introduction, classification, chemistry of monosaccharides, disaccharides and
polysaccharides, properties and reactions of sugars, glycolysis, citric acid cycle, gluconeogenesis,
glycogen metabolism and HMP shunt pathway (09 Hrs)
UNIT – II Proteins: Introduction, classification and properties of proteins and Amino acids,
transamination, deamination , metabolism of ammonia, urea cycle, metabolism of aromatic amino acid
and sulphur containing amino acid. Structure of Haemoglobin and Immunoglobin (10 Hrs)
UNIT – III Enzymes: Introduction, Nomenclature and Classification, Factors affecting enzyme activity,
Michaelis‐Menten equation, Enzyme inhibition, Coenzymes, Mechanism of enzyme action, Diagnostic
importance (10 Hrs)
UNIT – IV Nutrition: Energy content and Respiratory quotient of foodstuffs, Utilization of energy in man
(BMR, specific dynamic action, physical activity) nutritional importance of carbohydrates, lipids and
proteins (10 Hrs)
UNIT – V Hormones: Classification, mechanism of action of hormones, chemical nature, properties and
biochemical functions of hormones, jaundice, liver function tests, Renal function tests (09 Hrs)
RPHC239 BIOCHEMISTRY AND BIOMOLECULES – I
PRACTICALS
1. Identification of glucose
2. Identification of lactose
3. Identification of maltose
4. Identification of sucrose
5. Identification of starch
6. Identification of albumin
7. Identification of gelatin
8. Identification of peptone
9. Estimation of proteins by Biuret method
10. Estimation of amino acids by Ninhydrin method
11. Estimation of chlorides in urine by Volhard’s method
12. Estimation of blood sugar by ortho toulidene reagent method
13. Estimation of urea by DAM method
14. Analysis of milk
BOOKS RECOMMENDED
TEXT BOOKS
1. Biochemistry, U. Satyanarayanana, 2nd edition, 2004, Books and Allied (P) Ltd, Kolkata
2. Concepts of Biochemistry (Theory and Practical), A.C. Deb, 1st edition, 1999, Books and Allied (P) Ltd,
Kolkata
3. Fundamentals of Biochemistry for Medical Students, Ambika Shanmugam, 7th edition, 2001,
Published by author, Chennai
REFERENCE
1. Fundamentals of Biochemistry, Donald Voet, Judith G. Voet, Charlotte W. Pratt, 1st edition, 1999,
John Wiley & Sons, Inc, New York
2. Biochemistry, Jerry M. Berg, John L. Tymoczko, Lubert Stryer, 6th edition, 2007, W. H. Freeman and
Company, New York
3. Lehninger Principles of Biochemistry, Michael M. Cox, David L. Nelson, 5th edition, 2010, W. H.
Freeman and Company, New York
4. Harper’s Illustrated Biochemistry, Robert K. Murray, Daryl K. Granner, Peter A. Mayes, Victor W.
Rodwell, 28th edition, 2006, TATA McGraw‐Hill Companies, Inc, India
5. Textbook of Biochemistry, A. V. S. S. Rama Rao, 6th edition, 1993, UBS Publisher’s Distributors Ltd,
New Delhi
6. Modern Experimental Biochemistry, Rodney Boyer, 3rd edition, 2000, Addison Wesley Longman
(Singapore) Pvt. Ltd, New Delhi
7. Varley’s Practical Clinical Biochemistry, Alan H. Gowenlock, 6th edition, 2006, CBS Publishers &
Distributors, New Delhi
8. Practical clinical biochemistry, Harold Varley, 4th edition, 1988, CBS Publishers & Distributors, New
Delhi
9. Practical Biochemistry for Medical Students, Srinivas B. Rao, 1st edition, 1992, Acadaemic Publishers,
Kolkata
10. Laboratory manual in Biochemistry, J. Jayaraman, 1st edition, 2002, New Age International (P) Ltd,
Publishers, New Delhi
FOURTH SEMESTER
RPHL241 PATHOPHYSIOLOGY AND HEALTH EDUCATION
THEORY 48 Hrs
UNIT‐I Basic principles of Cell injury and Adaptation: Causes of cellular injury, Pathogenesis and
morphology of cell injury, Intercellular alterations in lipids, proteins and carbohydrates, cellular
adaptation, atrophy and hypertrophy (10 Hrs)
UNIT‐II Basic mechanism involved in the process of inflammation and repair: alteration in vascular
permeability and blood flow, migration of WBC’s, acute and chronic inflammation and mediators of
inflammation, brief outline of the process of repair (10 Hrs)
UNIT‐III Pathophysiology and etiology of Rheumatoid arthritis, Gout, Epilepsy, Psychosis, Hypertension,
Angina, Congestive heart failure (CHF), Myocardial infarction, Diabetes, Asthma (09 Hrs)
UNIT‐IV Pathophysiology and etiology of Peptic ulcer, hepatic disorders, acute and chronic renal failure,
tuberculosis, urinary tract infections, sexually transmitted diseases, and common types of neoplasm (09
Hrs)
UNIT‐V Communicable diseases: Brief outline, their causative agents, mode of transmission and
prevention of chicken pox, measles, influenza, diphtheria, whooping cough, tuberculosis, poliomyelitis,
helminthiasis, malaria, filariasis, rabies, trachoma, tetanus, leprosy, syphilis, gonorrhea and AIDS.
Emergency treatment of shock, snake bites, burns, poisoning, fractures and resuscitation methods (10
Hrs)
BOOKS RECOMMENDED
TEXT BOOKS
1. Textbook of Pathology, Harsh Mohan, 5th edition, 2005, Jaypee Publishers, New Delhi
2. Robbins and Cotran, Pathologic basis of diseases, 8th edition, 2010, Elsevier, New Delhi
3. Guyton A, Hall, J.E., Textbook of Medical Physiology, 11th edition, 2004, Elsevier, New Delhi
4. General Pathology, Walter, Israel, 7thedition, 1996, Churchill Livingstone, USA
REFERENCES
1. Essential of Anatomic Pathology, Liang Cheng, David G. Bostwick. 2nd edition, 2006, Humana press
Totowa, New Jersey
2. Muiri’s Textbook of Pathology, Roddie M.N. Macsween, Keith Whaley, Thirteenth edition, 1992,
Thomson press New Delhi
3. Clinical Pathology, James Catron, Richard Duly, 1st edition, 2007, Oxford University Press, UK
4. Health Education and Community Pharmacy, S. Khurana, P.Suresh, Kalsi S. Vikas & Co., 1st edition,
1993, Jalandhar
5. A Text Book of Pathophysiology, S.L Bhodhankar, 6th edition 2008, Arihant Printers, New Delhi
6. Pathophysiology for Pharmacy, Keyadesai, Mohit Bansal, S. Vikas & Co., 1st edition, 2007 Jhalandar
RPHP242 PHARMACEUTICAL TECHNOLOGY‐ II
THEORY 48 Hrs
UNIT‐ I Evaporation: Factors affecting evaporation, evaporators, film evaporators, single effect and
multiple effect evaporators, short tube evaporator, forced circulation evaporator, evaporation under
reduced pressure. Distillation: Raoult’s law, phase diagrams, volatility, simple steam and flash
distillation, principles of rectification, Azeotropic and extractive distillation (10 Hrs)
UNIT‐ II Centrifugation: principles of centrifugation, industrial centrifugation‐ centrifugal filters,
centrifugal sedimentors, advantages and disadvantages (09 Hrs)
UNIT‐ III Filtration: Theory of filtration, mechanism of filtration, types of filter media used, filter aids,
plate and frame filter, leaf filter, rotary filter, membrane filter (10 Hrs)
UNIT‐ IV Drying: Mechanism of drying, theory of drying, drying equipments. Crystallization: Definition,
crystal form, crystal habit, super saturation, nucleation, crystal growth, crystallizers, caking of crystals,
prevention of caking. Lyophilization and its applications (10 Hrs)
UNIT‐ V Extraction: Theories of extraction of drugs, solid‐ liquid extraction, liquid‐liquid extraction,
battery extraction, soxhleation, podbielnaik extractor, continuous counter current extractor (09Hrs)
RPHP243 PHARMACEUTICAL TECHNOLOGY‐ II
PRACTICALS
1. Evaluation of filter media, determination of rate of filtration
2. Determination of effect of filter aids on rate of filtration
3. Determination of effect of viscosity on rate of filtration
4. Experiments to demonstrate applications of centrifugation
5. Determination of rate of evaporation
6. Determination of rate of drying
7. Determination of moisture content of granules by drying method
8. Effect of mixers on globule size of castor oil emulsion
9. Separation of oil by steam distillation
10. Crystallization – methods to produce big and small crystals
11. Separation by sedimentation techniques
BOOKS RECOMMENDED
TEXT BOOK
1. Tutorial Pharmacy, Cooper and Gunn’s, 12th edition, 2008, CBS Publishers and Distributors, New
Delhi
2. Pharmaceutical Engineering –K. Sambamurthy, 2nd edition, 2005, NaI (P) Ltd, Delhi.
3. Pharmaceutical Engineering: Principles and Practice, C.V.S Subramanyam, 2nd edition, 2006, Vallabh
Prakashan, Delhi.
4. Introduction to Chemical Engineering, Walter L. Badger, Julius T. Banchero, and McGraw‐Hill book
company, Singapore.
REFERENCES
1. Pharmaceutics The Science of dosage form, Collette, Aulton, 3rd edition, 2009, ELBS Publishers,
London.
2. The Theory and Practice of Industrial Pharmacy – Lachman L, Lieberman H. A & Kanji J.L, Special
Indian edition, 2009, CBS publishers Pvt. Ltd. New Delhi.
3. Pharmaceutical Engineering, Dr. A. R. Paradkar, 11th edition, 2009, Nirali Prakashan, New Delhi
4. The Science and Practice of Pharmacy by Remington, 21st edition, 2005, Vol. I&II Lippincott Williams
& Wilkins, Philadelphia.
RPHP244 PHARMACY PRACTICE
THEORY 48 Hrs
UNIT‐ I Prescription‐ Handling of prescription, sources of errors in prescription, General dispensing
procedures including labeling of dispensed products. Different routes of administration with merits and
demerits. Posology‐ Calculation of doses for children. Weights and measures in metric system‐
Percentage calculations, calculations based on method of proportion and allegation (10Hrs)
UNIT‐ II Principles involved and procedures adopted in dispensing of oral dosage forms mixtures,
solutions, emulsions, syrups and powders. Incompatibility encountered in the above preparation may be
considered. (10Hrs)
UNIT‐ III Principles involved and procedures adopted in dispensing of oral dosage forms, creams,
ointments, suppositories, lotions and liniments (09Hrs)
UNIT‐ IV Prescription refilling, importance of compliance, factors leading to non compliance, errors in
medication and factors contributing for such errors, patient counselling (09 Hrs)
UNIT‐ V Medicinal gases: Official Medicinal gases and their uses, containers and fittings, handling and
storage. Health accessories: Only their names and uses to be considered. Surgical supplies: Surgical
dressing like primary wound dressings, absorbents, bandages, adhesive tapes, protective, sutures and
suture materials (method of preparation to be avoided) (10Hrs)
RPHP245 PHARMACY PRACTICE
PRACTICAL
1. Preparation of Strong sodium salicylate mixture
2. Preparation of Kaolin mixture
3. Preparation of Calcium Carbonate Mixture
4. Preparation of Castor oil emulsion
5. Preparation of Liquid paraffin emulsion
6. Preparation of Zinc oxide and salicylic acid dusting powder
7. Preparation of Kaolin powder
8. Preparation of Compound Effervescent Powder
9. Preparation of Atropine sulphate powder
10. Preparation of Cold cream
11. Preparation of Vanishing cream
12. Preparation of Alkaline phenol mouth wash
13. Preparation of Compound Sodium Chloride mouth wash
14. Preparation of Potassium permanganate gargle
15. Preparation of Calamine Lotion
16. Preparation of Salicylic acid Lotion
17. Preparation of Turpentine Liniment
18. Preparation of Menthol Eucalyptus inhalation
19. Preparation of Mandle’s paint
20. Preparation of Camphor liniment
21. Preparation of Phenol – Glycerin paint
22. Preparation of Iodoform suppositories
23. Preparation of Tannic acid suppositories
24. Percentage calculations
25. Calculations based on Alligation method
BOOKS RECOMMENDED
TEXT BOOK
1. Tutorial Pharmacy, Cooper and Gunn’s, 6th edition, 2003, CBS Publishers and Distributors, New Delhi
2. Introduction to pharmaceutical dosage forms, H. C. Ansel, 8th edition, 2002, New Age International
publications, New Delhi
3. Pharmaceutical Practice, Winfield, 4th edition, 2009, Churchill Livingstone, Spain
4. Dispensing Pharmacy, Cooper and Gunn’s, 6th edition, 2003, CBS Publishers and Distributors, New
Delhi
REFERENCES
1. The Science and practice of Pharmacy, Remington, 21th edition, 2005, Lippincott Williams and Wilkins,
Philadelphia
2. Pharmaceutics: The Science of Dosage Form, Collette, Aulton, 2nd edition, 1988, ELBS Publishers,
London
RPHC246 PHARMACEUTICAL ORGANIC CHEMISTRY – IV
THEORY 48 Hrs
UNIT‐I Heterocyclic Compounds Definition, classification, nature and nomenclature of heterocyclic
compounds. Preparation, properties and reactions of Pyrrole, Furan, Thiophene, Pyrazole, Imidazole,
Oxazole, Isoxazole, Thiazole, Isothiazole, Triazole Pyridine, Pyrimidine, Pyridazine, Pyrazine (10 Hrs)
UNIT‐II Fused Ring Heterocyclic compounds Preparation, Properties and reactions of Indole, Quinoline,
Isoquinoline, Acridine, Phenothiazine
Types of sonochemical reactions, Synthetic applications Saponification, Oxidation, Reduction,
Substitution reactions (08Hrs)
UNIT‐III Vitamins: Structure, Chemistry, synthesis (for the compounds superscribed by (s)) and Assay
principles of Vitamins VitaminA(s), Vitamin D, Vitamin E, Vitamin K, Vitamin B1(s), Vitamin B2(s), Vitamin B3(s),
VitaminB6(s) and Vitamin C(s) (10 Hrs)
UNIT IV Proteins and Amino Acids: Introduction, General methods for the preparation of amino acids,
General properties of amino acids, Essential amino acids, Isolation and analysis of amino acids from
Proteins. Classification of proteins, Primary structure, Secondary structure, tertiary structure and
Quaternary structure of proteins, Isolation and purification of proteins, Determination of C‐ terminal
amino acid and Determination of N‐ terminal amino acid. (10 Hrs)
UNIT V Glycosides: Introduction and classification of glycosides. Chemistry of Salicin, Amygdalin, Indican,
Ruberythric acid, and Glucovanillin. A general study of the cardiac glycosides of Digitalis, Strophanthus
and Squill. Study of Anthraquinone glycosides and Saponin glycoside.
Green Chemistry: Introduction and general aspects of green chemistry, Microwave Induced organic
synthesis‐ Introduction, Esterification, Hydrolysis, Fries rearrangement (10 Hrs)
RPHC247 PHARMACEUTICAL ORGANIC CHEMISTRY – IV
PRACTICALS
1. Method of separation and analysis of binary organic mixture (Minimum five mixtures)
2. Preparation of organic compounds or intermediates involving more than 1step
a. Preparation of Tribromoacetanilide from aniline
b. Preparation of Benzimidazole from o‐Phenylenediamine
c. Preparation of Benztriazole from o‐Phenylene diamine
d. Preparation of Biphenicacid from anthranilic acid
e. Preparation of 4‐Benzilidine‐2‐Phenyl oxazol‐5‐one from Benzoyl chloride
f. Preparation of 5,51‐ Diphenyl hydantoin from Benzoin
g. Preparation of 3‐Methyl‐1‐phenylpyrazol‐5‐one
BOOKS RECOMMENDED
TEXT BOOKS
1. Reaction and Reagents by O.P. Agarwal, 42nd edition, 2006, Goel Publishing House, Meerut
2. Organic Chemistry of Natural products Vol. I & II by Gurdeep Chatwal, 3rd edition, 2005, Himalaya
Publishing House, Mumbai
REFERENCES
1. Organic Chemistry, I. L. Finar Vol. I & II, 6th edition, Longman Singapore Publishers, Singapore
2. Heterocyclic Chemistry, Vol. I by Suschnitky, 1980, The Royal Society of Chemistry, London
3. The Logic of Chemical Synthesis, E.J. Corey & Xue‐min Cheng, Wiley publishers, USA
4. Designing Organic Synthesis, Stuart Warren, Wiley India Pvt. Ltd, New Delhi
5. Wilson and Gisvold’s Textbook of Organic Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, John H. Block &
John. M. Beale, 11th edition, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, USA
6. Organic Synthesis Special Techniques by V.K. Ahluwalia & Renu Aggarwal, 2005, Narosa Publishing
House, New Delhi
7. Trease and Evans Pharmacognosy by William. C. Evans, 16th edition, 2009, Elsevier Ltd. China
RPHC248 BIOCHEMISTRY AND BIOMOLECULES – II
THEORY 48 Hrs
UNIT – I Lipids: Introduction and classification of lipids, Fatty acids, essential fatty acids, phospholipids,
sphingolipids, sterols, Biosynthesis of fatty acids, fatty acid oxidation, ketone bodies, metabolism of
phospholipids (10 Hrs)
UNIT – II Nucleic Acid: Introduction, structure and functions of DNA and RNA, nucleotides – structure
and functions, Biosynthesis and Degradation of purine nucleotides and pyrimidine nucleotides. (10 Hrs)
UNIT –III Nucleic Acid: Replication of DNA, Transcription, Translation, Mutation, Genetic code,
Regulation of gene expression, AIDS and cancer (09 Hrs)
UNIT‐IV Vitamins: Classification, sources, properties, daily requirements, functions and deficiency
manifestations of fat soluble and water soluble Vitamins (10 Hrs)
UNIT‐V Biological Oxidation: Transport across biological membranes, Bioenergetics, High energy
compounds, Biological oxidation, Electron transport chain, Oxidative phosphorylation, Enzymes involved
in biological oxidation (09Hrs)
RPHC249 BIOCHEMISTRY AND BIOMOLECULES – II
PRACTICALS
1. Identification of cholesterol
2. Analysis of normal constituents of urine
3. Analysis of abnormal constituents of urine‐1
4. Analysis of abnormal constituents of urine‐2
5. Analysis of unknown abnormal constituents of urine (4 experiments)
6. Estimation of blood cholesterol by Liebermann‐Burchard’s method
7. Estimation of creatinine in urine by Jaffe’s method
8. Estimation of DNA by Diphenyl amine method
9. Estimation of RNA by Orcinol method
10. Estimation of Titrable acidity and ammonia in urine
BOOKS RECOMMENDED
TEXT BOOKS
1. Biochemistry, U. Satyanarayanana, 2nd edition, 2004, Books and Allied (P) Ltd, Kolkata
2. Concepts of Biochemistry (Theory and Practical), A.C. Deb, 1st edition, 1999, Books and Allied (P) Ltd,
Kolkata
3. Fundamentals of Biochemistry for medical students, Ambika Shanmugam, 7th edition, 2001,
Published by author, Chennai
REFERENCES
1. Fundamentals of Biochemistry, Donald Voet, Judith G. Voet, Charlotte W. Pratt, 1st edition, 1999,
John Wiley & Sons, Inc, New York
2. Biochemistry, Jerry M. Berg, John L. Tymoczko, Lubert Stryer, 6th edition, 2007, W. H. Freeman and
Company, New York
3. Lehninger Principles of Biochemistry, Michael M. Cox, David L. Nelson, 5th edition, 2010, W. H.
Freeman and Company, New York
4. Harper’s Illustrated Biochemistry, Robert K. Murray, Daryl K. Granner, Peter A. Mayes, Victor W.
Rodwell, 28th edition, 2006, The McGraw‐Hill Companies, Inc, India
5. Textbook of Biochemistry, A. V. S. S. Rama Rao, 6th edition, 1993, UBS Publishers Distributors Ltd,
New Delhi.
6. Modern experimental Biochemistry, Rodney Boyer, 3rd edition, 2000, Addison Wesley Longman
(Singapore) Pte. Ltd, New Delhi
7. Varley’s Practical Clinical Biochemistry, Alan H. Gowenlock, 6th edition, 2006, CBS Publishers &
Distributors, New Delhi.
8. Practical Clinical Biochemistry, Harold Varley, 4th edition, 1988, CBS Publishers & Distributors, New
Delhi
9. Practical biochemistry for Medical Students, Srinivas B. Rao, 1st edition, 1992, Acadaemic Publishers,
Kolkata
10. Laboratory Manual in Biochemistry, J. Jayaraman, 1st edition, 2002, New Age International (P) Ltd,
Publishers, New Delhi
THIRD YEAR B. PHARMACY
FIFTH SEMESTER
RPHP351 HOSPITAL AND CLINICAL PHARMACY
THEORY 48 Hrs
UNIT I Organization and Structure: Organization of a hospital and hospital pharmacy, types of hospital.
Responsibilities of hospital pharmacist, Pharmacy and Therapeutic committee, hospital formulary,
contents and preparation of hospital formulary (10 Hrs)
UNIT II Drug distribution system in hospitals: Outpatient dispensing, the methods adopted for
distribution of drugs to inpatients, charging policy, labeling, distribution of drugs to ambulatory patients,
dispensing of controlled drugs (10Hrs)
UNIT III Drug information, drug information service, drug information center drug information resources
and stepwise methodology in answering drug information queries (09Hrs)
UNIT IV Concept of clinical pharmacy ‐ roles and responsibilities of clinical pharmacist – Adverse drug
reaction; classification‐excessive pharmacological effect, secondary pharmacological effect, genetically
determined toxicity, idiosyncrasy, allergic drug reaction, toxicity following drug withdrawal, monitoring
of adverse drug reaction, drug interaction, beneficial and adverse interaction, pharmacokinetic drug
interaction and pharmacodynamic drug interaction (10 Hrs)
UNIT V Manufacture of sterile and non‐sterile products: Various methods of sterilization and their
equipments in hospital. Radiopharmaceuticals used in hospital (09 Hrs)
BOOKS RECOMMENDED
TEXT BOOK
1. Textbook of Pharmaceutics, Bentleys, 8th edition, 2003, All India Traveler Book Seller, New Delhi
2. Hospital Pharmacy, Hassan WF, 5th edition, Lec and Febiger Publication, Philadelphia
3. Textbook of Clinical Pharmacy practice, G. Parthasarathy, 1st edition, University Press Ltd, New Delhi
4. Textbook of Hospital Pharmacy, SH Merchant and Dr.JS Quadry, 6th edition, Shah Publication, New
Delhi
REFERENCES
1. Clinical Pharmacy, Dr. H. P. Tipnis, Dr, Amirta Bajaj, 2nd edition, 2006, Career Publication, New Delhi
2. Avery’s Drug treatment, 4th edition, 1997, Adis International Ltd.
RPHP352 BIOPHARMACEUTICS AND PHARMACOKINETICS
THEORY 48 Hrs
UNIT‐I Introduction to bio pharmaceutics and pharmacokinetics and their roles in formulation
development – Importance of partition coefficient and pH in absorption, membrane structure,
membrane potential (09 Hrs)
UNIT‐II Drug disposition: Distribution of drug in the blood, volume of distribution, physiological barriers
and factors affecting distribution – Tissue permeability, cellular distribution, protein binding, significance
of Plasma protein and tissue binding, factors affecting protein binding and applications (10 Hrs)
UNIT‐III Sampling of biological specimens in blood, plasma or serum, collection and storage condition
until assay – Basic considerations of typical concentration time profile showing pharmacokinetic and
pharmacodynamic parameters – Compartment modeling: One compartmental open model (i.v bolus,
extra vascular administration) Wagner‐Nelson method and Loo‐Riegelman method – Two compartment
open model (i.v bolus, extra vascular administration) and parameters involved – Clearance concept‐
Renal and hepatic clearance – Determination of KE by rate excretion and sigma minus method (10 Hrs)
UNIT‐IV Non linear pharmacokinetics with reference to one compartment model after i.v. drug
administration. Michaelis‐Menten equation – Non‐compartmental analysis‐ AUC, AUMC, MRT –
Advantages of Non compartmental analysis (10 Hrs)
UNIT‐V Bio availability and Bioequivalence ‐ Therapeutic window and significance, Measurement of
bioavailability‐ Cmax, Tmax and AUC – Design of single dose bioequivalence, in vivo and in vitro correlation.
Study of relevant statistics (09 Hrs)
RPHP353 BIOPHARMACEUTICS AND PHARMACOKINETICS
PRACTICALS
1. Determination of partition coefficient of Oxalic acid between ether and water
2. Determination of partition coefficient of Iodine between carbon tetrachloride and water
3. Determination of partition coefficient of Benzoic acid between benzene and water
4. Disintegration test for tablets
5. Disintegration test for capsules
6. Assessment of area under curve (AUC)
7. Determination of pharmacokinetic parameters after IV bolus administration following one
compartment model
8. Determination of pharmacokinetic parameters after IV bolus administration following two
compartment model
9. Determination of absolute bioavailability
10. Determination of Relative bioavailability
11. Determination of Bioavailability
BOOKS RECOMMENDED
TEXT BOOK
1. Biopharmaceutics and Clinical pharmacokinetics, M. Gibaldi, 4th edition, 2006, Lea and Febiger,
Philadelphia
2. Biopharmaceutics and pharmacokinetics, Brahmankar and Jaiswal, 2nd edition, 2009, Vallabh
Prakashan, New Delhi
3. Biopharmaceutics and pharmacokinetics, 1974, Wolfgang A. Ritschel, Drug Intelligence Publications,
USA
REFERENCES
1. The Science and Pharmacy by Remington 21st edition, 2005, Vol. I & II, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins,
Philadelphia
2. Biopharmaceutics and Relevant pharmacokinetics, Wagner J.E, Drug Intelligence publications,
Washington DC
3. Applied Biopharmaceutics and pharmacokinetics, Shargel. L, Yu AB, 5th Ed, 1993, McGraw Hill
publication New York
4. Biopharmaceutics and Clinical pharmacokinetics, Notari R.E, 4th edition, 2005, Marcel Dekker, Inc,
New York
RPHC354 CHEMISTRY OF NATURAL PRODUCTS
THEORY 48 Hrs
UNIT‐I Terpenoids: Introduction, isolation, classification, isoprene rule, General methods of determining
the structure, chemistry and synthesis of Citral, Menthol, Thymol, Camphor, α‐terpineol, α‐pinene,
Linalool‐Inter relationship of Limonene, Dipentene, Terpineol, Terpinhydrate, Cineole and Carvone (10
Hrs)
UNIT – II Purines: Introduction, classification, structural elucidation of Uric acid, Caffeine, Theophylline,
Theobromine and it’s inter relationship (09 Hrs)
UNIT – III Antibiotics: Introduction, chemical classification, structure of Natural and semi synthetic
penicillin, Degradation of penicillin, synthesis of Phenoxy methyl penicillin, chemistry and uses of
Streptomycin, Tetracyclines, Chloramphenicol, Cephalosporin – Structures of Antifungal, Anticancer,
Macrolide and polypeptide antibiotics (10 Hrs)
UNIT – IV Alkaloids: Introduction, classification, isolation, properties, General methods for determining
structures, chemistry and pharmacological activity of Atropine, Cocaine, Quinine, Reserpine, Morphine,
Codeine, Papaverine, Ephedrine, Ergotamine and Nicotine (09 Hrs)
UNIT‐V Carbohydrates: Introduction, Ring structure of glucose, Determination of size of the ring.
Chemistry of Fructose, Maltose, Lactose, Sucrose and Starch.
Natural Pigments: Introduction, chemistry, reactions, synthesis and interrelationship of flavones,
Isoflavone and Xanthone, Chemistry and synthesis of Quercetin.
Carotenoids: Introduction, Geometrical isomerism, classification, structure, isolation, properties and
conversion of β‐carotene to Vitamin A. (10 Hrs)
RPHC355 CHEMISTRY OF NATURAL PRODUCTS
PRACTICALS
1. Assay of Thiamine hydrochloride
2. Assay of Riboflavin powder
3. Assay of Chloramphenicol capsule
4. Assay of Ascorbic acid
5. Assay of Quinine sulphate
6. Assay of Pyridoxine HCl
7. Assay of Codeine phosphate syrup
8. Estimation of Citral in lemon oil
9. Qualitative analysis of Alkaloids
10. Degradation Study of Caffeine
11. Degradation Study of Atropine
12. Qualitative analysis of Vitamins
13. Assay of Benzyl penicillin injection
14. Estimation of Theophylline in Theophylline elixir
BOOKS RECOMMENDED
TEXT BOOKS
1. Organic Chemistry of Natural products Vol. I &II, Gurdeep Chatwal, 3rd edition, 2005, Himalaya,
Publishing House, Mumbai
2. Chemistry of Organic Natural products Vol. I & II, O.P. Agarwal, 34th edition, 2007, Goel Publishing
House, Meerut
REFERENCES
1. Organic Chemistry, Vol. I & II, I.L. Finar, 6th edition, 1994, Longman Singapore publishers, Singapore
2. Trease and Evans Pharmacognosy by William. C – Evans, 16th edition, 2009, Elsevier, Ltd. China
3. Chemistry of Natural products, V.K. Ahluwalia, Lalita S.Kumar, sanjiv kumar, 2006, Gopsons printers,
Noida
4. Phytochemical Techniques, N. Raaman, 2006, New India publishing Agency, Delhi
5. Natural products, A laboratory guide, 2nd edition, Raphael IKan, 2005, Elsevier, New Delhi
6. Natural Products, James. R, Hanson, 2003, Royal Society of Chemistry, UK
7. Phytochemical Methods, J.B. Harbone
RPHG 356 PHARMACOGNOSY – I
THEORY 48 Hrs
UNIT‐I Introduction
Definition, History, Present status and future scope of pharmacognosy – Structure of plant cell and its
non‐living inclusions, different types of plant tissues and their functions – Morphology and histology of
root, stem, bark, wood, leaf, flower, fruit and seed – Modifications of root and stem.
Classification of crude drugs: Alphabetical, biological, chemical, pharmacological, taxonomical,
chemotaxonomical and serotaxonomical classification of drugs. (10Hrs)
UNIT–II Cultivation and collection:
Advantages and factors influencing cultivation and their application, general methods of cultivation,
collection, processing and storage of crude drugs, plant growth regulators, polyploidy, mutation and
hybridization with reference to medicinal plants. (09 Hrs)
UNIT – III Quality control of crude drugs:
Adulteration of crude drugs – Brief introduction to evaluation of crude drugs by organoleptic,
microscopic, physical, chemical and biological methods
Introduction to phytoconstituents of drugs: Definition, classification, properties and identification tests
of carbohydrates, tannins, alkaloids, glycosides, lipids, resins, volatile oils, terpenoids, steroids,
flavonoids. (10 Hrs)
UNIT–IV Biological sources, geographical distribution, preparation, description/macroscopy, chemical
constituents, substitutes, adulterants, uses, and specific chemical tests of the following:
Carbohydrates and related products: agar, gum acacia, tracaganth, sterculia gum, honey, Isapgol, pectin,
starch
Tannin containing drugs: gambier, black catechu, gall, myrobalan. (08 Hrs)
UNIT–V Alkaloids:
Sources, cultivation, collection, processing, commercial varieties, preparation, chemical constituents,
substitutes, adulterants, uses, diagnostic (macroscopic & microscopic) features and specific chemical
tests of the following: pyridine‐piperidine: lobelia; tropane: belladonna, coca; quinoline and
isoquinoline: cinchona, ipecac, opium; indole: ergot, rauwolfia, catharanthus, nux‐vomica; imidazole:
pilocarpus; steroidal: kurchi; alkaloidal amine: ephedra; glycoalkaloid: solanum; purines: tea (11Hrs)
RPHG357 PHARMACOGNOSY – I
PRACTICAL
1. Macroscopy of crude drugs: Isapgol, gall, myrobalan, cinchona, ipecac, rauwolfia, vinca, nuxvomica,
kurchi, ephedra
2. Microscopy and powder characteristics of Isapgol
3. Microscopy and powder characteristics of cinchona
4. Microscopy and powder characteristics of ipecac
5. Microscopy and powder characteristics of Vinca
6. Microscopy and powder characteristics of nuxvomica
7. Microscopy and powder characteristics of ephedra
8. Morphological characters and chemical tests of agar
9. Morphological characters and chemical tests of acacia
10. Morphological characters and chemical tests of tracaganth
11. Morphological characters and chemical tests of honey
12. Morphological characters and chemical tests of starch
13. Morphological characters and chemical tests of black catechu
14. Morphological characters and chemical tests of pale catechu
15. Determination of length and width of phloem fibers
16. Determination of swelling factor
17. Microchemical analysis of atropine
18. Microchemical analysis of caffeine
19. Microchemical analysis of quinine
20. Quantitative microscopy‐lycopodium spore method
BOOKS RECOMMENDED
TEXT BOOKS
1. Pharmacognosy, GE Trease and WC Evans, 16th edition, 2009, Saunders Elsevier limited, China
2. A Textbook of pharmaceutical biology, SB Gokhale, CK Kokate, DS Bidarkar, Ist edition, 1998, Nirali
Prakashan, Pune
3. Textbook of Pharmacognosy, CK Kokate, AP Purohit and SB Gokhale, 45th edition, 2010, Nirali
Prakashan, Pune.
4. Textbook of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, Vinod K Rangari, 2nd edition, 2009, Nishad
Deshmukh for career publications, Maharashtra
5. Practical Pharmacognosy, CK Kokate, AP Purohit and SB Gokhale, 4th edition, 2005, Vallabh
Prakashan, New Delhi
REFERENCES
1. Cultivation of medicinal plants, CK Kokate, AS Gokhale and SB Gokhale, 5th edition, 2003, Nirali
Prakashan, Pune
2. Pharmacognosy, SS Honda and VK Kapoor, 2nd edition, 2000, Vallabh Prakashan, New Delhi
3. Textbook of Industrial Pharmacognosy, AK Kalia, 2005, CBS publishers, New Delhi
4. Textbook of Pharmacognosy, TE Wallis, 5th edition, 2005, CBS publishers & Distributors, New Delhi
5. Textbook of Pharmacognosy, Shah and Quardy, 13th edition, 2007‐08, BS Shan Prakashan,
Ahmedabad
6. Anatomy of crude drugs, MA Iyengar and SGK Nayak, 10th edition, 2006, published by MA Iyengar,
Manipal
7. Practical Pharmacognosy, Rasheeduz Zafar, 1st edition, 1994, published by CBS publisher, New Delhi
8. Pharmacognosy of powdered crude drugs, MA Iyengar, 7th edition, 2005, Published by MA Iyengar,
Manipal
9. Evaluation of crude drugs, a laboratory guide, Madhu C. Divakar, 2nd edition, 2002, published by M/S
CD remedies, Kerala
10. Indian Herbal Pharmacopoeia, Volume I and II, 2002, A Joint publication of Regional Research
Laboratory, Jammu Tawi and Indian Drug Manufacturer’s Association, Mumbai
RPHL358 PHARMACOLOGY AND THERAPEUTICS ‐ I
THEORY 48 Hrs
UNIT‐I Introduction to Pharmacology, definitions, sources of drugs, dosage forms, various routes of drug
administration, Bioassay of drugs, Dose Response Relationship, Prodrug concept, Orphan drugs,
Pharmacogenomics, Pharmacoepidemiology (09 Hrs)
UNIT‐II Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics: Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism and Excretion
of drugs, Principles of basic and clinical pharmacokinetics – Mechanism of action of drugs, combined
effect of the drugs, Factors modifying drug action, Tolerance and dependence, Tachyphylaxis, Drug
addiction and abuse (09 Hrs)
UNIT‐III Various steps involved in Neurohumoral transmission in Autonomic and Somatic nervous
system, cholinergic receptors – Mechanism of action, Pharmacological actions, adverse effects, drug
interactions and therapeutic uses of Cholinergic agonists, Anti ‐ cholinesterases, Anti‐cholinergic drugs,
Ganglionic stimulants and blocking agents, Skeletal muscle relaxants (10 Hrs)
UNIT‐IV Classifications of Adrenoceptors – Mechanism of action, Pharmacological actions, adverse
effects, drug interactions and therapeutic uses of Adrenergic drugs, Anti‐adrenergic drugs, Dale’s
vasomotor reversal phenomena, Mydriatics, Miotics, Drugs for Glaucoma, Local anesthetic agents (10
Hrs)
UNIT‐V Mechanism of action, Pharmacological actions, adverse effects, drug interactions and
therapeutic uses of autacoids like Histamine and their antagonists, 5‐HT and their antagonists,
Prostaglandins, Thromboxanes and Leukotrienes, Pentagastrin, Cholecystokinin, Angiotensin, Bradykinin
and Substance P, Drugs used in migraine (10 Hrs)
RPHL359 PHARMACOLOGY AND THERAPEUTICS ‐ I
PRACTICALS
1. Common laboratory animals and anesthetics used in animal studies. Commonly used instruments in
Experimental Pharmacology
2. Some common and standard techniques ‐ Bleeding and intravenous injection, intra‐gastric
administration
3. Procedures for rendering the animal unconscious and chemical euthanasia
4. To study the different routes of administration of drugs in mice/rats
5. To study the effect of hepatic microsomal enzyme inhibitors and inducers on the Phenobarbitone
sleeping time in mice
6. To study the effect of autonomic drugs on the rabbit’s eye
7. To study the effect of Local anesthetics on Guinea pigs and Rabbit
8. Estimation of bioavailability parameters viz AUC, Tmax, Kel from blood and urine samples from human
volunteers or in laboratory animals
9. Statistical calculations used in Experimental Pharmacology. Student’s ‐ t test ANOVA
10. Experiments based on computer models like Expharm for isolated smooth and skeletal muscle
preparations
BOOKS RECOMMENDED
TEXT BOOKS
1. Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapeutics, R.S. Satoskar, S.D. Bhandarkar, Nirmala. N. Rege,
19th edition, 2005, Popular Prakashan, Mumbai
2. Essentials of Medical Pharmacology, K.D. Tripati, 6th edition, 2008, Jaypee Publishers, New Delhi
3. Pharmacology, Rang M.P, Dale M.M, Reter J.M., R.J. Flower, 6th edition, 2007, Elsevier, USA
4. Pharmacology, Lippincott’s Illustrated reviews, 4th edition, 2009, Wolters Kluwer (India) Private
Ltd., New Delhi
REFERENCES
1. The Pharmacological basis of therapeutics –Goodman and Gilman’s, Eleventh edition, 2010, The
McGraw – Hill, USA
2. Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology, S.K. Kulkarni, 3rd edition, 1999, M.K. Jain Vallabh
Prakashan, New Delhi
3. Essentials of Pharmacotherapeutics, F.S.K. Barar, 4th edition, 2009, S. Chand & Company, New Delhi
4. Clinical Pharmacology, Laurence, D.R. And Bennet P.N, Seventh edition, 1994, Churchill Livingstone,
UK
5. Katzung, B.G., Susan B Masters, Anthony J Trever, Basic and Clinical Pharmacology, 11th edition,
2010, The McGraw ‐ Hill Companies Ltd., USA
SIXTH SEMESTER
RPHP361 PHARMACY ACT AND DRUG RULES
THEORY 48 Hrs
UNIT‐I Origin and nature of pharmaceutical legislation in India, its scope and objectives – Evolution of
the “concept of Pharmacy” as an integral part of the Health care system – Professional ethics in
pharmacy practices, legal and ethical responsibilities of pharmacists (10Hrs)
UNIT‐II Pharmacy Act ‐ Drugs and Cosmetics act 1940 and rules 1945 – Recent amendments to be
considered (10Hrs)
UNIT‐III Narcotics and Psychotropic substances Act, Drugs and Magic remedies (Objectionable
advertisement) Act 1954, Poisons act 1919 – Patent Act – Intellectual Property Rights (10 Hrs)
UNIT‐IV Medicinal and Toilet preparations (Excise duties) Act and rules, Drugs Price control order, Shops
& Establishments Act, Sales promotion employees (conditions of service) Act (09Hrs)
UNIT‐V Medical Termination of Pregnancy Act, Prevention of cruelty to Animals act, Insecticides Act.
Consumer protection Act 1986 ‐ The Factories Act 1948 and the Amendment (salient features) (09 Hrs)
BOOKS RECOMMENDED
TEXT BOOK
1. Forensic Pharmacy, B.M. Mithal, 6th edition, 2005, Vallabh Prakashan, New Delhi
2. Forensic Pharmacy, Dr. B.S. Kuchekar, A.M. Khadatare and Sachin C. Itkar, Nirali Prakashan, Pune
3. Forensic Pharmacy, by N. K. Jain, 6th edition CBS Publishers. Delhi
4. Forensic Pharmacy, B. Suresh, 12th edition, CBS Publishers. Delhi
5. Forensic Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Business Management, K. Ram Kumar, 1st edition, 2006
REFERENCES
1. Drugs and Cosmetics Act, 1940, Vijay Malik, Eastern Book Company, Lucknow
2. Forensic Pharmacy, G. Vidyasagar & T. V. Narayana, Kalyani Publishers, New Delhi
RPHP362 PHARMACEUTICAL BIOTECHNOLOGY
THEORY 48 Hrs
UNIT‐I Introduction to microorganisms, structure, organization and reproduction and economic
importance of bacteria, algae, fungi and virus‐ Growth identification (staining, morphological) cultivation
of bacteria, fungi and virus in different culture media, their nutritional requirements and environmental
factors affecting their growth (10 Hrs)
UNIT‐II Sterilization: Introduction, Classification of sterilization including its merits and demerits.
Sterilization methods for all pharmaceutical products – Biological indicators, test for sterility.
Disinfectants‐ Classification, Mechanism, Factors affecting their action – Evaluation of bactericidal,
bacteriostatic, fungicidal and virucidal activities – Evaluation of preservatives in pharmaceutical
preparations (10 Hrs)
UNIT‐III Immunology: Introduction, types of immunity, antigen, haptens, B cell, T cell, complements
activation, MHC complex, structure of antibody – Microbial assay‐ Including antibiotics and vitamins.
Antibiotic sensitivity testing – Vaccines‐ Definition, classification, immunization schedule, preparation,
standardization, containerization, storage and stability of toxoids, bacterial and viral vaccines –
Hybridoma technology in the production of Monoclonal antibodies and its applications (10 Hrs)
UNIT‐IV Fermentation: basic principle of fermentation. Study, design and operation of fermenter and
study of different parameters like pH, dissolved oxygen concentration, temperature, etc., Isolation and
screening of industrially important microbes – Bioprocess of metabolites like Penicillin, Streptomycin,
Riboflavin, Cyanocobalamin, Alcohol, Citric acid (09 Hrs)
UNIT‐ V Microbial genetics: Structure of DNA, RNA and its types, replication, transcription and
translation. Genetic engineering‐ cloning strategies in rDNA technology – Restriction endonucleaes,
vectors – rDNA application in the production of Insulin, Hepatitis B Vaccine, Interferon, Interleukins.
Blood Products: storage, Plasma substitutes (09 Hrs)
RPHP363 PHARMACEUTICAL BIOTECHNOLOGY
PRACTICAL
1. Staining technique‐ simple staining
2. Gram staining
3. Sterility testing for Pharmaceutical compounds
4. Preparation of nutrient broth
5. Preparation of nutrient agar slant
6. Preparation and inoculation of differential and selective media
7. Isolation of pure culture
8. Determination of motility of micro organism by hanging drop method
9. Protein estimation by – Lowry’s, Bradford’s, Biuret method
10. Estimation of nucleic acids‐ DNA, RNA
11. Antimicrobial sensitivity test
12. Identification of fungink
BOOKS RECOMMENDED
TEXT BOOKS
1. Textbook of Pharmaceutics, Bentleys, 8th edition, 2003, All India Traveler Book Seller, New Delhi
2. Microbiology, Prescott, 7th edition, 2008, Mc Graw Hill, Asia
3. Textbook of microbiology, Arora D.R, 2nd edition, 2003, CBS Publishers and distributors, New Delhi
4. Microbiology, Pelczar, 5th edition, 1993, Tata Mc Graw Hill, New Delhi
5. Textbook of Biotechnology, R.C Dubey, 1st edition, 2007, S. Chand & Company Ltd, Ramnagar, New
Delhi
6. Principles of Fermentation technology, P.F Stanbury, A. Whitaker and S.J. Hall. 2nd edition, 1997.
Aditya book, New Delhi
7. Pharmaceutical Biotechnology: Fundamentals and application, M. A. Halkari, 1st edition, 2003,
Vallabh Prakashan, New Delhi
8. Tutorial Pharmacy, S. J. Carter, 6th edition, 2005, CBS Publishers and distributors, New Delhi
9. Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, W. B. Hugo and A.D. Russell, 6th edition, 1998, Black well science, USA
RPHC364 MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY‐ I
THEORY 48 Hrs
UNIT‐1 Physico Chemical Parameters of Drug Molecules in Relation to Biological activity; Solubility,
Partition co‐officient, Hydrogen bonding, Ionisation, Protein binding, Chelation, Redox Potential, Surface
activity, Optical and Geometrical isomers, Receptors, Theories of drug ‐ receptor interaction – 95 Drug
Metabolism: General pathway of Drug metabolism, oxidative, Reductive, hydrolytic and conjugation
reaction – Discussion on phase ‐ I and II pathway will be restricted to the following representative model
drugs – Phenobarbitone, Diazepam, Isoniazid, Paracetamol, Ibuprofen, Valproic acid, Chlorpromazine
and Acebutol – Factors affecting drug metabolism (10 Hrs)
UNIT‐II Modern Concept of Rational Drug Design: Lead discovery, pharmacophore identification,
Functional group optimization, structural activity relationship (SAR) studies, Bioisoterism – A brief
introduction on QSAR, combinatorial chemistry and computer aided drug design – Prodrug: Basis
concept of pro drug, types of Prodrugs‐Carrier linked Prodrug and Bioprecursor with examples, Utility of
Prodrug in drug design
Classification, Mode of action, Structure, chemical name, Synthesis (only those compounds that are
superscribed by s) and uses of the following category of the drugs (UNIT‐III, IV & V) (10 Hrs)
UNIT‐III General Anaesthetics: Halothanes, Methoxyfluranes, Enflurane, Methohexital sodiums,
Thiopentals, Ketamine hydrochlorides and Thiamylal sodiums – Anxiolytics, Sedatives and Hypnotics:
Chlordiazepoxides, Diazepams, Oxazepam, Lorazepam, Halozepam, Alprazolams, Flurazepam, Barbitals,
Triazolam, Tolbutal, Glutethimides, Methaqualone, Meprobamates, Triclofos sodium, SAR of
Benzodiazepine (10 Hrs)
UNIT‐IV Drugs acting on CNS
Antipshycotics: ChlorpromazineHCls, Triflupromazines, Thioridazines, Mesoridazine HCI,
Prochlorperazine, Thiothixenes, Loxapine succinate, Haloperidols, Droperidol, Risoperidone, SAR of
Phenothiazines.
Anticonvulsant : Phenytoin, Phenobarbitones, Mephenytoin, Ethoins, Trimethadiones, Phensuximide,
Ethosuximides, Metho suximide, Carbamazepines, Primidones, Valproic acids and Clonazepam. SAR of
Barbiturates. (09 Hrs)
UNIT – V Drugs acting on CNS:
CNS Stimulant: Nikethamide, DoxapramHCls, Dextroamphetamine sulphates, Benzamphetamine HCl,
Methyphenidate, Pentylenetetrazole, Modafinil.
Antidepressant: Phenelzine sulphates, Trancylpromines, Imipramine HCls, Desipramine HCls,
Amitriptyline HCls, Protriptyline HCls, Doxepine HCls, Fluoxetine, Sertaline, Venlafaxine, Trazadone HCls,
Psilocybin and Psilocin, Phencyclidine, Transtetrahydro cannabinol. (09 Hrs)
RPHC365 MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY – I
PRACTICALS
1. Determination of Partition Coefficient of Ibuprofen.
2. Determination of Partition Coefficient of Paracetamol.
3. Construction of Stereo model of Epinephrine.
4. Construction of Stereo model of Ephedrine.
BOOKS RECOMMENDED
TEXT BOOKS
1. David A. Williams, Thomas. L. Lenke, 5th edition, 2005, Lippincott Williams and Wilkins, Philadelphia
2. Wilson and Gisvold’s Textbook of Organic Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, 11th Edition,
2004, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Philadelphia
3. Text Book of Medicinal Chemistry, S. N. Pandeya, 3rd edition, 2006, SG publisher, Varanasi
4. Principles of Organic Medicinal Chemistry, Ramarao Nadendla, 2005, New age International
publisher, New Delhi
5. Indian Pharmacopoeia – Vol. I & II, 2010, The Indian Pharmacopoeia Commission, Ghaziabad
RPHG366 PHARMACOGNOSY – II
THEORY 48 Hrs
UNIT ‐I Glycosides containing drugs:
Study of the biological sources, cultivation, collection, commercial varieties, preparation, chemical
constituents, substitutes, adulterants, uses, diagnostic characters (macroscopy and microscopy) and
specific chemical tests of the following: Saponin group includes liquorice, ginseng, dioscorea;
Cardioactive glycosides include digitalis, squill, strophanthus; Anthraquinone cathartics include aloe,
enna, rhubarb, cascara; Bitter glycosides include gentian, quassia; Cyanogenetic glycosides: linseed (10
Hrs)
UNIT‐II Biological sources, geographical distribution, preparation, description/macroscopy, chemical
constituents, substitutes, adulterants, uses, and specific chemical tests of the following:
Lipids: beeswax, castor oil, cod‐liver oil, hydnocarpus oil, lard, linseed oil, rice‐bran oil, shark liver oil
wool fat.
Resins and resin combinations: podophyllum, colophony, benzoin, asafoetida, ginger, balsam of tolu,
peru balsam, storax.
Volatile oils: General methods of isolation of volatile oil from plants. Brief study of crude drugs
containing volatile oils: Mentha, coriander, lemon peel, Chenopodium, valerian, cinnamon, cassia,
caraway, dill, clove, fennel, cardamom, sandalwood, eucalyptus, nutmeg (10 Hrs)
UNIT‐III Biological sources, geographical distribution, preparation, description, chemical constituents,
uses, and identification tests of the following:
Fibers: Cotton, jute, silk, wool, rayon, nylon, alginate fiber, gelatin sponge, oxidized cellulose.
Pharmaceutical aids: Talc, kaolin, bentonite, natural colorants (08 Hrs)
UNIT‐IV Alternative system of medicine:
The basic principles involved in Ayurveda, Siddha and Unani. Preparation and standardization of
arishtas, asavas, churnas, lehyas and bhasmas. Worldwide trade, commercial potential and demand of
crude drugs with reference to phytochemical industry in India (10 Hrs)
UNIT‐V Nutraceuticals: Definition, classification and examples.
Proteins and enzymes: Biological sources, preparation, identification test and uses of following: gelatin,
diastase, papain, pepsin, trypsin, maltase, pectinase.
Natural pesticides: Biological sources, macroscopy, chemical constituents and uses of following:
pyrethrum, neem, sabadilla, strychnine, rotenone, tobacco. (10 Hrs)
RPHG367 PHARMACOGNOSY – II
PRACTICAL
1. Macroscopy of crude drugs: liquorice, squill, senna, rhubarb, quassia, linseed, shark liver oil, wool
fat, ginger, mentha, lemon peel, coriander, cinnamon, cassia, caraway, dill, clove, fennel, cardamom,
sandalwood, eucalyptus, nutmeg, neem
2. Microscopy and powder characteristics of senna
3. Microscopy and powder characteristics of quassia
4. Microscopy and powder characteristics of ginger
5. Microscopy and powder characteristics of coriander
6. Microscopy and powder characteristics of cinnamon
7. Microscopy and powder characteristics of clove
8. Microscopy and powder characteristics of fennel
9. Microscopy and powder characteristics of cardamom
10. Description and identification tests of aloes
11. Description and identification tests of bees wax
12. Description and identification tests of castor oil
13. Description and identification tests of colophony
14. Description and identification tests of benzoin
15. Description and identification tests of asafoetida
16. Description and identification tests of fibres
17. Description and identification tests of gelatin
18. Determination of ash values
19. Determination of extractive values
20. Determination of loss on drying
21. Determination of alcohol content
22. Determination of weight per ml
BOOKS RECOMMENDED
TEXT BOOKS
1. Pharmacognosy, GE Trease and WC Evans, 16th edition, 2009, Saunders Elsevier limited, China
2. Textbook of Pharmacognosy, CK Kokate, AP Purohit and SB Gokhale, 45th edition, 2010, Nirali
Prakashan, Pune
3. Textbook of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, Vinod K Rangari, 2nd edition, 2009, Nishad
Deshmukh for career publications, Maharashtra
4. Practical Pharmacognosy, CK Kokate, AP Purohit and SB Gokhale, 4th edition, 2005, Vallabh
Prakashan, New Delhi
REFERENCES
1. Textbook of Industrial Pharmacognosy, AK Kalia, 2005, CBS publishers, New Delhi
2. Textbook of Pharmacognosy, TE Wallis, 5th edition, 2005, CBS publishers & Distributors, New Delhi
3. Textbook of Pharmacognosy, Shah and Quardy, 13th edition, 2007‐08, BS Shan Prakashan,
Ahmedabad
4. Anatomy of crude drugs, MA Iyengar and SGK, Nayak, 10th edition, 2006, published by MA Iyengar,
Manipal
5. Practical Pharmacognosy, Rasheeduz Zafar, 1st edition, 1994, CBS publishers, New Delhi
6. Pharmacognosy of powdered crude drugs, MA Iyengar, 7th edition, 2005, Published by MA Iyengar,
Manipal
7. Evaluation of crude drugs, a laboratory guide, Madhu C Divaka, 2nd edition, 2002, published by M/S
CD remedies, Kerala
RPHL368 PHARMACOLOGY AND THERAPEUTICS ‐ II
THEORY 48 Hrs
UNIT‐I Neurohumoral transmission in the Central nervous system, Mechanism of action,
Pharmacological actions, adverse effects, drug interactions, therapeutic uses and toxicities of General
anesthetics, Alcohol, Sedatives and Hypnotics, Anti‐anxiety agents, Anti‐epileptic drugs, C.N.S.
stimulants (10 Hrs)
UNIT‐II Mechanism of action, Pharmacological actions, adverse effects, drug interactions and
therapeutic uses of Anti‐psychotics, antidepressants, Anti‐maniacs and hallucinogens, Anti‐parkinsonism
drugs, Drugs for Alzheimer’s Disease, Nootropic agents, Narcotic analgesics and their antagonists, Non
steroidal anti‐inflammatory and anti‐gout drugs (10 Hrs)
UNIT‐III Electrophysiology of heart, Cardiac glycosides and drugs for Congestive heart failure, Anti‐
arrhythmic drugs, Anti‐hypertensive drugs‐ Drugs acting on renin angiotensin system, Fluid and
electrolyte balance, Diuretics and Anti‐diuretics (09 Hrs)
UNIT‐IV Anti‐hyperlipidemic drugs, Drugs used in the therapy of shock, Anti‐anginal drugs, Drugs for
Myocardial infarction and vasodilator drugs, including calcium channel blockers, Potassium channel
openers and beta adrenergic antagonists (10 Hrs)
UNIT‐V Etiology of Allergic asthma, Anti‐asthmatic drugs, including Bronchodilators, Pharyngeal
demulcents, Expectorants, Anti‐tussives, Nasal decongestants, Respiratory stimulants (09 Hrs)
RPHL369 PHARMACOLOGY AND THERAPEUTICS ‐ II
PRACTICALS
1. To study the Spontaneous motor activity and Stereotype activity using actophotometer and open
field apparatus
2. To study the Analgesic activity by Physical, chemical and thermal methods
3. To study the Anticonvulsant activity using Electro convulsiometer
4. To study the Anti‐inflammatory activity using Digital Plethysmograph
5. To study the Muscle relaxant activity by Rota rod and Traction method
6. To study the Anti anxiety activity using Elevated plus maze apparatus
7. To study the Cognitive effect using Rectangular or Y ‐ maze
8. To study the diuretic effect using metabolic cages
9. Experiments based on computer models like Expharm for isolated heart experiments
BOOKS RECOMMENDED
TEXT BOOKS
1. Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapeutics, R.S. Satoskar, S.D. Bhandarkar, Nirmala. N. Rege, 19th
edition, 2005, Popular Prakashan, Mumbai
2. Essentials of Medical Pharmacology, K.D. Tripati, 6th edition, 2008, Jaypee Publishers, New Delhi
3. Pharmacology, Rang M.P, Dale M.M, Reter J.M., R.J. Flower, 6th edition, 2007, Elsevier, USA
4. Pharmacology, Lippincott’s Illustrated reviews, Fourth edition, 2009, Wolters Kluwer (India) Private
Ltd., New Delhi
REFERENCES
1. The Pharmacological basis of Therapeutics – Goodman and Gilman’s, 11th edition, 2010, The McGraw –
Hill, USA
2. Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology, S.K. Kulkarni, 3rd edition, 1999, M.K. Jain Vallabh Prakashan,
NewDelhi
3. Essentials of Pharmacotherapeutics, F.S.K. Barar, 4th edition, 2009, S. Chand & Company, New Delhi
4. Clinical Pharmacology, Laurence, D.R. and Bennet P.N, 7th edition, 1994, Churchill Livingstone, UK
5. Katzung, B.G., Susan B Masters, Anthony J Trever, Basic and Clinical Pharmacology, 11th edition, 2010,
The McGraw ‐ Hill Companies Ltd., USA
FINAL YEAR B. PHARMACY
SEVENTH SEMESTER
RPHS471 SOCIAL AND BEHAVIOURAL SCIENCES
THEORY 48 Hrs
UNIT‐I Professional communication: Communication with health care professionals‐ written
communication, formulary communications – Writing manuscripts for publications. Written professional
communication, personal communications – Communicating with administrators, communicating with
media (10 Hrs)
UNIT‐II Development of a pharmacy care plan and patient problem solving community pharmacy‐
Definition, establishment and organization (09 Hrs)
UNIT‐III Community Pharmacy‐ Economics and management: Role of management, material and human
resources, planning and controlling operation, money, inventory, facilities, personnel, selection,
orientation and training, credit, risk, insurance and records (10 Hrs)
UNIT‐IV Social interaction‐ general: Nonverbal communication, self knowledge learning groups.
Transactional analysis, Assertiveness, leadership skills, motivation, counselling, bargaining and
negotiation, Interviews, rating (10 Hrs)
UNIT‐V Marketing pharmaceutical care services: Marketing management process, planning of
marketing, implementing and controlling marketing activities (09 Hrs)
BOOKS RECOMMENDED
TEXT BOOK
1. The Science and Practice of Pharmacy by Remington 21st Edn. Vol. I&II Lippincott Williams & Wilkins,
Philadelphia
2. Behavioral Sciences for Managers, A. G. Cowling, 2nd edition, Harwal Publishers
3. Practice, Patritious Ston & Stephen Curtis, 3rd edition, 2002, Viva books Pvt. Ltd, New Delhi
4. Dynamics of behavioral sciences in Industry, P.C. Rihar, 2001, H.G. Publication, New Delhi
REFERENCES
1. Pharmaceutical Practice, Winfield, 3rd edition, 2004, Churchill Livingstone, Spain
2. Clinical Pharmacy, Dr. H. P. Tipnis, Dr, Amirta Bajaj, 2nd edition, 2006, Career Publication, New Delhi
RPHP 472 INDUSTRIAL PHARMACY‐I
THEORY 48 Hrs
UNIT‐I Pre‐formulation studies: Study of physical properties of drug like physical form, particle size,
shape, density, wetting, solubility, dissolution, organoleptic properties and their effect on formulation
and stability, study of chemical properties of drugs like hydrolysis, oxidation‐reduction, racemization and
their influence on formulation and stability of products. Study of Prodrug in solving problem related to
stability, bioavailability, and elegancy of formulations (10 Hrs)
UNIT‐II Hard and soft gelatin capsules‐ advantages and disadvantages of capsule dosage forms‐
production of hard gelatin capsules ‐ size of capsules ‐ soft gelatin capsules ‐ manufacture of soft gelatin
capsules ‐ quality control ‐ stability and storage of capsule dosage forms ‐ packaging. (10 Hrs)
UNIT‐III Tablets: Different types of formulations‐ granulation processes ‐ stages with production of
tablets ‐ types of tablets making machines ‐ defects in the production of tablets ‐ methods to overcome‐
quality control tests for tablets ‐ packaging (10 Hrs)
UNIT‐IV Coating processes ‐ sugar coating ‐ film coating ‐ enteric coating ‐ materials and polymers used‐
different techniques of coating processes and their advantages and disadvantages – Micro‐
encapsulation ‐ techniques of microencapsulation ‐ evaluation of coated tablets and microcapsules (10
Hrs)
UNIT‐V Cosmetics: Fundamentals of cosmetic science Structure and functions of skin and hair –
Formulation, evaluation, packaging of cosmetics for skin, hair, dentifrices and manicure preparations,
nail polish, lipsticks, eye lashes, baby care products – Introduction of basics in packaging for tablets,
capsules, liquid orals. Primary, secondary and tertiary packaging‐ Importance of packaging in preventing
counterfeit medicines (08 Hrs)
RPHP473 INDUSTRIAL PHARMACY‐I
PRACTICALS
1. Preparation of Calcium gluconate tablets by wet granulation method
2. Preparation of Aspirin tablets by dry granulation method
3. Preparation of Aspirin tablets by direct compression method
4. Evaluation tests for tablets
5. Preparation of loose face powder
6. Preparation of compact face powder
7. Preparation of lather shaving cream
8. Preparation of brushless shaving cream
9. Preparation of vanishing cream
10. Preparation of cold cream
11. Preparation of lipsticks
12. Preparation of coconut oil shampoo
13. Preparation of anti dandruff shampoo
14. Preparation of tooth powder
15. Preparation of cuticle remover
BOOKS RECOMMENDED
TEXT BOOKS
1. The Theory and Practice of Industrial Pharmacy – Lachman L, Lieberman H. A & Kanji J.L, Special
Indian edition, 2009, CBS publishers Pvt. Ltd. New Delhi
2. Pharmaceutics The Science of dosage form, Collett, Aulton, 3rd edition, 2009, ELBS Publishers,
London
3. Introduction to pharmaceutical dosage forms, H. C. Ansel, 8th edition, 2002, New Age International
publications, New Delhi
4. Pharmaceutical Process Scae‐up, 2nd edition, Michael Levin, CRC press, Taylor & Francis group, New
York, London, 2008
REFERENCES
1. The Science and Practice of Pharmacy by Remington 21st edition, 2005, Vol. I&II Lippincott Williams
& Wilkins, Philadelphia
2. Modern Pharmaceutics, Banker G.S and Rhodes. T, 4th edition, 2002, Marcel Dekker Inc. New York
RPHC474 MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY – II
THEORY 48 Hrs
Classification, Mode of action, Structure, chemical name, Synthesis (only those compounds that are
underlined and superscribed by(s) and uses of the following category of the drugs
UNIT‐I Adrenergic Neurotransmitters: Function, Structure, biosynthesis and metabolism of
Noradrenaline, α and β receptors. Sympathomimetic Agents: Phenylephrines, Naphazolines,
Xylometazoline, Dobutamine, Terbutalines, Isoproterenol, Salbutamols. Adrenergic Blocking Agents:
Tolazolines, Phentolamines, Phenoxybenzamine, Prazosine, Propranalols, Timolol, Nadolol, Atenolols,
Metoprolol, Labetalol, Carvedilol. SAR of adrenergic blockers – Skeletal Muscle Relaxant: Chlorphensins,
Methocarbamals, Pancuronium, Dantrolene (10 Hrs)
UNIT‐II Opioid Analgesics: Mepiridine HCls, Alpha Prodine HCl, Loperamide HCl, Fentanyl Citrates,
Propoxyphene HCl, Levorphanol Tartarate, Methadone Nalorphine HCl, LevallorphanTartarate,
Pentazocine, Naloxone HCl
Anti Inflammatory: Mefenamic acids, Indomethacins, Naproxen, Ibuprofens, Ketoprofen, Sulindac,
Diclofenac sodiums, Piroxicam, Celecoxib, Valdecoxib, Acetaminophens, Meloxicam. SAR of NSAIDs.
Uricosuric Agent: Allopurinol, Sulfinpyrazone, Probenecid, Colchinine
Anti‐Rheumatic Agents: Auranofin, Gold sodium thiomalate, Aurothioglucose Prostoglandins (10 Hrs)
UNIT‐III Cholinergic Neurotransmitters: Biosynthesis and metabolism of Acetylcholine, Cholinergic
receptors
Cholinergic: Methacholine, Carbacols, Bethanecols, Pilocarbine, Edrophonium Chloride, Pralidoxim,
Pyridostigmine, Cholinergic Blocking Agent: Clindinium, Cyclopentolate HCl, Dicyclomine
HCls,Benztropine Mesylate, Orphenadrine, Biperidens, Isopropamide iodide,Trihexyl phenidyl. Discuss
SAR of Cholinergic agents. Ganglionic Blocking Agent: Mecamylamine HCl, d‐Tubocurarine chloride,
Gallamine triethiodides, Pancuronium bromide (09 Hrs)
UNIT‐IV H1 and H2 Antagonist: Diphenhydramine HCls, Dimenhydrinate, DoxylamineSuccinate,
Tripelennamine HCls, Antazoline Phosphate, Cyclizine HCl, Chlorpheneramine Maleates, Promethazines,
Methdilazine, CyproheptadineHcls,Cetrizine,Loratadine, Ketotifen fumarates, Cimetidine,
Famotidine,Ranitidine, Omeprazole, Lansoprazole, Rabeprazole Sodium, SAR of Phenothiazine. Local
Anaesthetics: Procaines, Benzocaines, Mepivacaine, Bupivacaines, Amethocaines,
Ropivacaine,Lignocaines, Prilocaine, Dibucaine HCls, Dimethisoquin (09 Hrs)
UNIT‐V Drugs Acting on Cardio Vascular System:
Antianginal and antiarrhythmic Agent: Erythrityltetranitrate, Isosorbide dinitrate, Verampamils,
Diltiazem, Nifedipines, Amlodipines, Bepridil, Procainamides, Disopyramide Phosphates, Mexiletene HCl.
SAR of Calcium channel blockers
Antihypertensive Agents: Captoprils, Enalapril maleate, Ramipril, Losartan, Hydralazine HCls, Minoxidils,
Guanethidines, Methyl dopas Clonidines. SAR of ACE inhibitors. Anticoagulants, Antithrombolytic and
Antihyperlipidemic: Dipyridamole, Ticlopidine, Warfarins, Dicoumarols, Clofibrates, Gemfibrozil,
Dextrothyroxine, Colestipol, Nicotinic acids, Probucol. Diuretics: Acetazolamides ,Chlorthiazides,
Hydrochlorthiazides, Chlorthalidone, Furosemides, Bumetanide, Trifloxin, Ethacrynic acids, Triamhexines,
Amilorides, Spironolactone, Discuss SAR of Thiazide diuretics (10 Hrs)
RPHC 475 MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY – II
PRACTICAL
1. Assay of Nicotinic acid powder
2. Assay of Dapsone tablet I.P
3. Assay of Furosemide tablet I.P
4. Assay of Paracetamol powder I.P
5. Assay of Ephedrine powder I.P
6. Assay of Methyl Salicylate Ointments
7. Assay of Ibuprofen Powder I.P
8. Preparation of Benzil from Benzoin
9. Preparation of 7‐Hydroxy 4‐methyl Couramin from resorcinol
10. Preparation of Phenolphthalein from Phenol
11. Preparation of Methyl orange from sulphanilic acid
12. Preparation of Diphenyl Quinoxaline from o‐Phenylene diamine
13. Preparation of ß‐Dimethyl amino propiophenone by Mannich reaction
14. Preparation of Phenytoin from benzyl
BOOKS RECOMMENDED
TEXT BOOKS
1. Text Book of Medicinal chemistry, Vol. I & II, K. Ilango, P. Valentina, 1st edition, 2007, Keerthi
publishers, Chennai
2. Principles of Medicinal chemistry, Vol. I & II, Kadam, Mahadik, Bothara, 5th edition, 1997, Nirali
Prakashan, Pune
3. Medicinal chemistry, Ashutoshkar, 3rd edition, 2005, Ashutoshkar, New age International publishers,
New Delhi
REFERENCES
1. Burger’s Medicinal chemistry & Drug Discovery. Vol. I to IV, edited by Donald J. Abraham, 6th edn,
2007 Wiley Interscience publication, New Jersey
2. The Science and Practice of Pharmacy, Vol. I, Remington, 20th edn, 2004, Lippincott Williams and
Wilkins, Philadelphia
3. Foye’s principle of Medicinal chemistry, David. A. Williams, Thomas. L. Lenke, 5th edition, 2005,
Lippincott Williams and Wilkins, Philadelphia
4. Wilson and Gisvold’s Textbook of Organic Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, 11th Edition,
2004, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Philadelphia
5. Textbook of Medicinal chemistry, S. N. Pandeya, 3rd edition, 2006, SG publisher, Varanasi
6. Principles of Organic Medicinal chemistry, Ramarao Nadendla, 2005, New age International
publisher, New Delhi
7. Indian Pharmacopoeia – Vol. I & II, 2010, The Indian Pharmacopoeia Commission, Ghaziabad
8. Comprehensive Medicinal Chemistry, Corwin Hansch, Elsevier Publications, 2005
RPHL476 PHARMACOLOGY AND THERAPEUTICS– III
THEORY 48 Hrs
UNIT‐I Antacids, Anti‐secretory and Anti‐ulcer drugs, Emetics and anti‐emetics, Drugs for Gastro
esophageal reflux disease, Carminatives, Digestants, Gall stone dissolving drugs, Laxatives and Anti‐
diarrhea drugs, Appetite stimulants and suppressants (09 Hrs)
UNIT‐II Haematinics and Haemopoietic growth factors, Blood coagulation: Coagulants and
Anticoagulants, Haemostatic agents, Fibrinolytic and anti‐platelet drugs, Blood plasma volume
expanders (09 Hrs)
UNIT‐III Hypothalamic and pituitary hormones, Thyroid hormones and anti‐thyroid drugs,
Parathormone, Calcitonin and Vitamin D, Insulin, Oral hypo glycemic agents and glucagon (10 Hrs)
UNIT‐IV ACTH and corticosteroids, Androgens, anabolic steroids and drugs for erectile dysfunction,
Estrogens, progesterone and oral contraceptives, Drugs acting on the uterus including Tocolytics (10
Hrs)
UNIT‐V Neurotransmitters, Receptors and signal transduction, G‐protein coupled receptors,Ligand gated
ion channels, Enzyme linked receptor, Cytoplasmic receptor and their mechanism of action, Definition of
rhythms and cycles, Biological clock and their significance leading to chronotherapy (10Hrs)
RPHL477 PHARMACOLOGY AND THERAPEUTICS ‐ III
PRACTICALS
1. To record the CRC of specific agonists on rat ileum preparation
2. To record the CRC of specific agonists on rat fundus preparation
3. To record the CRC of specific agonists on rat colon preparation
4. To record the CRC of nor‐adrenaline on rat anococcygeus muscle preparation
5. To record the CRC of Oxytocin on rat uterus preparation
6. To study the Anti‐ulcer activity using pylorus ligated rats
7. To determine the effect of anti‐coagulants by subaqueous tail bleeding time in rodents
8. To study the effect of Oral hypoglycemic agents in diabetic rodents
BOOKS RECOMMENDED
TEXT BOOKS
1. Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapeutics, R.S. Satoskar, S.D. Bhandarkar, Nirmala. N. Rege, 19th
edition, 2005, Popular Prakashan, Mumbai
2. Essentials of Medical Pharmacology, K.D. Tripati, 6th edition, 2008, Jaypee Publishers, New Delhi
3. Pharmacology, Rang M.P, Dale M.M, Reter J.M., R.J. Flower, 6th edition, 2007, Elsevier, USA
4. Pharmacology, Lippincott’s Illustrated reviews, 4th edition, 2009, Wolters Kluwer (India) Private Ltd.,
New Delhi
5. Chronopharmacology Cellular and Biochemical Interactions by B. Lemmer, 2005, Second edition,
Marcel Dekker publishers, New York
REFERENCES
1. The Pharmacological basis of therapeutics –Goodman and Gilman’s, 11th edition, 2010, The McGraw
– Hill, USA
2. Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology, S.K. Kulkarni, 3rd edition, 1999, M.K. Jain Vallabh
Prakashan, New Delhi
3. Essentials of Pharmacotherapeutics, F.S.K. Barar, 4th edition, 2009, S. Chand & Company, New Delhi
4. Clinical Pharmacology, Laurence, D.R. and Bennet P.N, 7th edition, 1994, Churchill Livingstone, UK
5. Katzung, B.G., Susan B Masters, Anthony J Trever, Basic and Clinical Pharmacology, 11th edition,
2010, The McGraw ‐ Hill Companies Ltd., USA
RPHG478 PHARMACOGNOSY – III
THEORY 48 Hrs
UNIT‐I Studies of Traditional drugs
Common vernacular names, botanical sources, morphology, chemical nature of chief constituents,
pharmacology, common uses and marketed formulations of following indigenous drugs: Amla, Ashoka,
Satavari, Punarnava, Phyllanthus niruri, Gymnema, Gokhru, Shankapushpi, Guggul, Garlic, Brahmi,
Vasaka, Methi, Withania (09 Hrs)
UNIT‐II Extraction, isolation, separation, purification of plant metabolite
Modern methods of extraction, basic principles of various chromatographic techniques like column, TLC,
Paper, HPTLC, GC, electrophoresis and spectroscopic methods and their application to natural products
(09 Hrs)
UNIT‐III Plant tissue culture
Historical development, types of cultures, nutritional requirements, growth and their maintenance,
production of secondary metabolites through tissue culture techniques, applications of plant tissue
culture in Pharmacognosy – Detailed study of callus culture, cell suspension culture, single cell culture,
totipotency and application, clonal propagation, enzyme immobilization technique – Role of plant
growth regulators for the production of secondary metabolites (10 Hrs)
UNIT‐IV Basic metabolic pathways leading to the formation of plant secondary metabolites – Calvin
cycle, Krebs cycle, Glycolysis, shikimic acid pathway, mevalonic acid pathway. Biogenesis and
pharmaceutical application of the following phytoconstituents: Atropine, Morphine, Digoxin, Reserpine,
Ergometrine, Quinine (09 Hrs)
UNIT‐V A brief account of plant based industries and institutions involved in work of medicinal and
aromatic plants in India – Sources, Industrial production and pharmaceutical application of
phytoconstituents such as Quinine, Sennosides, Podophyllotoxin, Digitoxin, Solasodin, Tropane alkaloids,
Mentha oil, Vinca alkaloids, Taxol, Silymarin
Herbal formulations: preparation and uses of tinctures, herbal syrups, herbal creams, herbal shampoos –
WHO guidelines for the assessment of herbal medicines (11 Hrs)
RPHG479 PHARMACOGNOSY – III
PRACTICAL
1. Macroscopy of traditional drugs: amla, ashoka, satavari, punarnava, Phyllanthus niruri, gymnema,
gokhru, guggul, garlic, brahmi, vasaka, methi, withania
2. Isolation of amino acids using paper chromatography
3. TLC of caffeine
4. TLC of cinchona
5. TLC of sennosides T.
6. TLC of menthol
7. Isolation of starch from potato
8. Isolation of casein from milk
9. Isolation of calcium citrate from lemon
10. Isolation of caffeine from tea dust
11. Monographs of castor oil
12. Monographs of turpentine oil
13. Monographs of honey
14. Monographs of shark liver oil
15. Determination of acid value
16. Determination of iodine value
17. Determination of saponification value
18. Determination of peroxide value
19. Determination of refractive index
20. Determination of caffeine content in tea dust
21. Determination of aldehyde content in cinnamon oil/lemon oil
22. Formulation and standardization of herbal syrups
23. Formulation and standardization of herbal creams/herbal shampoos
24. Isolation of phytoconstituents using column chromatography
BOOKS RECOMMENDED
TEXT BOOKS
1. Pharmacognosy, GE Trease and WC Evans, 16th edition, 2009, Saunders Elsevier limited, China
2. Textbook of Pharmacognosy, CK Kokate, AP Purohit and SB Gokhale, 45th edition, 2010, Nirali
Prakashan, Pune
3. Textbook of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, Vinod K Rangari, 2nd edition, 2009, Nishad
Deshmukh for career publications, Maharashtra
4. Practical Pharmacognosy, CK Kokate, AP Purohit and SB Gokhale, 4th edition, 2005, Vallabh
Prakashan, New Delhi
REFERENCES
1. Textbook of Industrial Pharmacognosy, AK Kalia, 2005, CBS publishers, New Delhi
2. Textbook of Pharmacognosy, TE Wallis, 5th edition, 2005, CBS publishers & Distributors, New Delhi
3. Textbook of Pharmacognosy, CS Shah and JS Quardy, 13th edition, 2007‐08, BS Shan Prakashan,
Ahmedabad
4. Pharmacognosy, VE Tyler. LR Brady and JE Robbers, 1996, Lea and Febiger
5. Indian Herbal Pharmacopoeia, Volume I and II, 2002, A Joint publication of Regional Research
Laboratory, Jammu Tawi and Indian Drug Manufacturer’s Association, Mumbai
6. Phytochemical methods, JB Harborne, 3rd edition, 1998, Chapman & Hall, United Kingdom
7. Quality control of herbal drugs, Pulok K. Mukherjee, 1st edition, 2005, Business Horizons, India
8. Standardization of Botanicals, V Rajpal, 2006, Eastern publication, New Delhi
9. Evaluation of crude drugs, a laboratory guide, Madhu C Divakas, 2nd edition, 2002, M/S CD remedies,
Kerala
EIGHTH SEMESTER
RPHA481 PROJECT AND VIVA VOCE
RPHP482 INDUSTRIAL PHARMACY‐II
THEORY 48 Hrs
UNIT‐I Ophthalmic and liquid oral products: Eye drops, eye lotions, eye ointments, Ophthalmic inserts, ‐
Formulation, Evaluation and production of syrups, suspensions and emulsion (09 Hrs)
UNIT‐II Parenteral products: Water for injection, pyrogenicity, non‐aqueous vehicles, isotonicity
adjustment methods, formulation: preparation of unit dose and multiple dose parenteral, infusion fluids
and sterile powders, Quality control, Aseptic techniques ‐ source of contamination and method of
prevention, design of aseptic area, laminar flow bench service and maintenance, Concept of Total
parenteral nutrition (TPN) (10 Hrs)
UNIT‐III Sustained release drug delivery systems ‐ rationale for sustained release drug delivery systems,
advantages and disadvantages ‐ physic‐chemical properties influencing design and performance.
Controlled drug delivery modules osmotic pump system ‐ density altered system ‐ floating devices (10
Hrs)
UNIT‐IV Transdermal drug delivery system, Targeted drug delivery: Liposome, Resealed erythrocytes‐
Magnetic micro spheres ‐ Pharmaceutical aerosols (9 Hrs)
UNIT‐V Good manufacturing practice of quality assurance, quality audit, personal requirements in
manufacturing practice, master formula card‐ manufacturing records – Pilot scale up Techniques‐
concepts of pilot plant, scale up techniques in pharmaceutical industries – Design, development and
process validation method for pharmaceutical operation involved in the production of pharmaceutical
products with special reference to tablets, suspensions (10Hrs)
RPHP483 INDUSTRIAL PHARMACY‐II
PRACTICAL
1. Formulation of sustained release oral dosage forms
2. Evaluation of sustained release dosage forms
3. Formulation of Parenterals
4. Formulation of Isotonic solutions
5. Quality control tests for Parenteral Leaker’s test, Clarity test, etc.
6. Formulation of eye drops
7. Formulation of eye ointments
8. Formulation of eye lotions
9. Formulation of microspheres
10. Filling of capsules
11. Evaluation of Ophthalmic preparations
12. Evaluation of microspheres
13. Evaluation of capsules
BOOKS RECOMMENDED
TEXT BOOKS
1. The Theory and Practice of Industrial Pharmacy – Lachman L, Lieberman H. A & Kanjig J.L., Special
Indian edition, 2009, CBS publishers Pvt. Ltd. New Delhi
2. Pharmaceutics The Science of dosage form, Collett, Aulton, 2nd edition, 2001, ELBS Publishers,
London
3. How to practice GMP’s, P. P. Sharma, 5th edition, 2006, Vandhana Publications, New Delhi
4. Cosmetics‐Formulation, Manufacturing & Quality control, P. P. Sharma, 4th edition, 2010, Vandana
publications Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi
REFERENCES
1. The Science and Practice of Pharmacy by Remington 21st edition, 2005, Vol. I&II Lippincott Williams
& Wilkins, Philadelphia
2. Novel Drug Delivery System, Chien Y.W, 2nd edition, 2009 Marcel Dekker, Inc, New York
3. Controlled drug delivery system‐ Fundamentals and applications, Robinson J.R. and Lee V.H. 2nd
edition, 2009, Marcel Dekker Inc, New York.
4. Modern Pharmaceutics, Banker G.S and Rhodes C.T, 4th edition, 2009, Informa Health Care, New York
5. Ansel’s Pharmaceutical dosage forms and drug delivery systems, 8th edition, 2005, Lippincott
Williams & Wilkins, Philadelphia
6. Pharmaceutical dosage forms, parenteral medications, Vol. 1‐3, 2nd edition, 2008, Informa Health
Care. New York
7. Pharmaceutical dosage forms, Tablets, Vol. 1‐3, 2nd edition, 2005, Marcel Dekker, Inc, New York
RPHC484 MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY – III
THEORY 48 Hrs
Classification, Mode of action, Structure, chemical name, Synthesis (only those compounds that are
superscribed by s) and uses of the following category of the drugs
UNIT–I Steroids and Related Drugs: Structure and stereochemistry of steroids Androgens: Testosterone,
Dihydrotestosterone, Methyltestosterones, SAR of Androgens Oestrogens: Oestradiol, Mestranols.
Chemical relationship between Oestrone, Oestriol and Oestradiol, SAR of Oestrogenic derivatives,
Diethyl Stilbosterols and Dienosterol
Gestogens: progesterone, Norethindrone – Corticosteroids: Cortisone, Hydrocortisone, Prednisone,
dexamethasone, Betamethasones and Beclomethasones and Oral Contraceptives (10 Hrs)
s
UNIT‐II Antibacterial agents: Sulphonamides and Sulphones: Sulfamethiazoles Sulfacetamide
Sulfapyridine, sulfamethoxazole, Sulfadiazine, Mafenide acetate, Sulfasalazine, Trimethoprim, Dapsones,
Solapsone – SAR of Sulphonamides
Synthetic antibacterial agents: Nalidixic acid, Norfloxacin, Ciprofloxacin, Gatifloxacin, Sparfloxacin,
Moxifloxacin, Nitrofurazones and Furozolidone
Anti‐Fungal Agents: Clotrimazole, Econazole nitrate, Sulconazolenitrate, Tioconazole, Ketoconazoles,
Miconazole, Fluconazole, Flucytosin
Local Anti‐infective Agents: Hexachlorophens, Halazones, Benzalkonium chloride, Cetylpyridinium
chloride, Chlorhexidinegluconates, Gentian violet, Methylene blue, Nitromersal, Thiomersal, Methyl
paraben, Propyl paraben and Sodium benzoates (10 Hrs)
UNIT‐III Anti Parasitic Agents: Anti‐Protozoal Agent: Metronidazoles, Diloxanides, Iodoquinols,
Melarsoprol, Dimercaprols and Nifurtimox. Anthelmentics: Piperazines, Diethylcarbamazine citrates,
Thiobendazoles, Pyrantelpamoate, Mebendazoles, Albendazole, Nicolsamide and Praziquantel.
Antimalarials: Chloroquine phosphates, AmodiaquineHCl, MefloquineHCl, Primaquine Phosphates,
Pyrimethamines, Proguanils and Atovaquone (09 Hrs)
UNIT‐IV Drugs Affecting Hormonal Systems
Oral Hypoglycemic Agents: Chlorpropamides, Glipizides, Glibenclamide, Metformins, Phenformins,
Pioglitazones, Rosiglitazone, Repaglinide, Nateglinide, Tolrestat, Sorbil and Acarbose.
Antithyroid Drugs: Propyl thiouracil, Methimazoles, Carbimazole, Goitrin and Phloretin.
Anti‐ Resorptive Agents: Tamoxifen, Raloxifene, Lasofoxifene, Ospemifene, Bazedoxifene, Clodronate
and Zoledionic acid (09 Hrs)
UNIT‐V Antiviral Agents: Amantidines, Rimatidine, Idoxuridines, Acyclovir, Trifluridine, Ganciclovir,
Zidovudine, Didanosine, Lamivudine, Zakitabin, Ribavarin, Nevirapine and Amprenavir.Anti‐Neoplastic
Agents: Mechlorethamine HCls, Cyclophosphamides, Chlorambucils, Busulfan, Lomustine, Thiotepas,
Dacarbazines, Mercaptopurine, Thiotepa, Thioguanine, Flurouracil, Floxuridine, Capecitable,
Azathioprine, Cisplatin, Carboplatin.
Anti‐Mycobacterial Agents: Isoniazids, Pyrazinamides, Ethambutols, Aminosalicyclicacid and Ethionamide
(10 Hrs)
RPHC485 MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY – III
PRACTICAL
1. Synthesis of medicinally useful compound. Monitoring progress of the reaction by TLC and study
spectral analysis of drug synthesized
a. Sulpanilic acid from Aniline
b. Paracetamol from P‐amino Phenol.
c. Sulphacetamide from Sulphanilamide.
d. Chlorbutanol from Acetone.
e. Para amino Salicylic acid from sulphonyl chloride.
f. Methylene blue from Dimethyl Aniline.
g. Acridone from o‐Chloro benzoic acid
h. Cyclization of Schiff’s base to form Heterocyclic rings.
2. Assay of medicinally useful compounds
a. Sodium benzoate I.P.
b. Isoniazid tablet I.P.
c. Metronidazole tablet I.P.
d. Methyl paraben I.P.
e. Diethylcarbazine citrate tablet I.P.
f. Metformin HCl tablet I.P.
g. Nalidixic acid
BOOKS RECOMMENDED
TEXT BOOKS
1. Textbook of Medicinal Chemistry, Vol. I & II, K. Ilango, P. Valentina, 1st edition, 2007, Keerthi
publishers, Chennai
2. Principles of Medicinal Chemistry, Vol. I&II, Kadam, Mahadik, Bothara, 5th edition, 1997,
Niraliprakashan, Pune
3. Medicinal Chemistry, Ashutoshkar, 3rd edition, 2005, Ashutoshkar, New age International publishers,
New Delhi
REFERENCES
1. Burger’s Medicinal chemistry & Drug Discovery. Vol. I to IV, edited by Donald J. Abraham, 6th edn,
2007 Wiley Interscience publication, New Jersey
2. The Science and Practice of Pharmacy, Vol. I, Remington, 20th edition, 2004, Lippincott Williams and
Wilkins, Philadelphia
3. Foye’s principle of Medicinal chemistry, David. A. Williams, Thomas. L. Lenke, 5th edition, 2005,
Lippincott Williams and Wilkins, Philadelphia
4. Wilson and Gisvold’s Textbook of Organic Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, 11 th edition,
2004, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Philadelphia
5. Textbook of Medicinal Chemistry, S. N. Pandeya, 3rd edition, 2006, SG publisher, Varanasi
6. Principles of Organic Medicinal Chemistry, Ramarao Nadendla, 2005, New age International
publisher, New Delhi
7. Indian Pharmacopoeia – Vol. I & II, 2010, The Indian Pharmacopoeia Commission, Ghaziabad
RPHA 486 INSTRUMENTAL METHODS OF ANALYSIS
THEORY 48 Hrs
UNIT – I Absorption spectroscopy
Theory of electronic, atomic and molecular spectra. Fundamental laws of photometry, Beer – Lambert’s
law, application and its deviation – Spectra of isolated chromophores, auxochromes, batho chromic
shift, hypsochromic, hyper and hypochromic shift – Instrumentation ‐ Source, Monochromator, Sample
cell, Detectors such as Photovoltaic cell, Photomultiplier tube, Photoemissive cell, Applications in
Pharmacy (09 Hrs)
UNIT – II Emission spectroscopy
Fluorimetry: Theory, luminescence, factors affecting fluorescence, quenching, instrumentation,
applications, fluorescent indicators, study of pharmaceutically important compounds such as Thiamine,
Quinine sulphate, riboflavin estimated by fluorimetry.
Flame photometry: Theory, nebulization, flame and flame temperature, interference, flame
spectrometric techniques – internal standard, external standard and standard addition methods,
instrumentation and pharmaceutical applications.
Nephloturbidimetry: Theory, Instrumentation of Nephlometry and Turbidimetry – Pharmaceutical
Applications (09 Hrs)
UNIT‐III Infrared spectroscopy
Vibrational transitions, Theory, Types, Hook’s law – Dispersive and Fourier Transform Instrumentation –
source and detectors used, sample handling in IR spectroscopy – Applications of FT ‐ IR in Pharmacy.
Preliminary Study of IR frequencies for functional groups (10 Hrs)
UNIT – IV Advanced Spectroscopic techniques
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance – Introduction, Principle involved, Reference standard, chemical shift,
factors affecting chemical shift, shielding, deshielding, Spin – spin interaction, Coupling constant,
Instrumentation and its applications
Mass Spectroscopy – Introduction, Type of Ionization Techniques such as Electron impact, Chemical
ionization, Fast atom bombardment, MALDI, ESI, Mass analyzers‐ Quadrapole, Time of Flight and
Magnetic sector – Detectors ‐ Photomultiplier tube and Faraday cup, fragmentation rules such as ring
rule, nitrogen rule and McLafferty rearrangement – Instrumentation and applications. (10 Hrs)
UNIT – V Advanced Chromatographic techniques
Introduction, Classification, Principle involved in separation, Components used such as Columns, Sample
application, detectors, Sample preparation, including Liquid ‐ Liquid Extraction, Solid Phase Extraction
and protein precipitation, theoretical aspects and applications of following chromatographic techniques
High Performance Liquid Chromatography, High Performance Thin Layer Chromatography and Gas
Chromatography (10 Hrs)
RPHA487 INSTRUMENTAL METHODS OF ANALYSIS
PRACTICAL
1. Determination of λmax, Isobestic point, Effect of concentration on λmax
2. Effect of Auxochromes on λmax
3. Effect of pH on λmax
4. Determination of Paracetamol tablet using UV spectrophotometer
5. Assay of Metformin tablets using UV spectrophotometer
6. Assay of Frusemide tablets using UV spectrophotometer
7. Assay of Sulphanilamide powder using Bratton marshall reagent
8. Assay of Ciprofloxacin Hydrochloride using UV spectrophotometer
9. Determination of Pyridoxine using Visible spectrophotometer
10. Assay of Paracetamol injection using UV spectrophotometer
11. Determination of Quinine sulphate by Fluorimetry
12. Quenching of Quinine fluorescence by iodide ions
13. Identification of Amino acid using Radial chromatography
14. Identification of Drugs using Thin Layer chromatography
15. Demo on IR pellet preparation and interpretation of chemical compounds
16. Demo on HPLC and HPTLC separation of Pharmaceutical formulation
BOOKS RECOMMENDED
TEXT BOOK
1. Practical Pharmaceutical Chemistry, A. M. Beckett and J. B. Stenlake, Vol. I & II, 4th edition, 2005, CBS
Publishers and Distributors, New Delhi
2. Instrumental methods of Chemical Analysis, Chatwal & Anand, 13th edition, 1997, Himalaya
Publishing house, Bombay
3. Instrumental Method Analysis, Hobard L. Willard, Lynne L. Merritt Jr., John A. Dean & Frank A.
Settle, Jr., 7th edition, 1986, CBS Publishers and Distributors, New Delhi
4. Elementary Organic Spectroscopy, Y. R. Sharma, 1st edition, 1980, Rajendra Ravindra Printers, New
Delhi
5. Pharmaceutical Analysis, Ashutosh kar, 2007, CBS Publishers and Distributors Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi
REFERENCES
1. Indian Pharmacopoeia, Government of India, Ministry of Health and Family welfare, 2010, The
controller of Publication, New Delhi
2. A text book of Pharmaceutical Analysis, K. A. Connors, 3rd edition, 1999, A Wiley Interscience,
Singapore
3. Pharmaceutical Analysis, David G Watson, 2nd edition, 2005, Elsevier Limited, London
4. Analytical Chemistry by Open Learning, Wiley India editions, John Wiley & sons, Thames Polytechnic,
London
RPHL488 PHARMACOLOGY AND THERAPEUTICS– IV
THEORY 48 Hrs
UNIT‐I General principles of chemotherapy, Sulfonamides and Co‐trimoxazole, Penicillins,
Cephalosporins, Quinolones and Fluoroquinolones, Chloramphenicol, Tetracyclines, Macrolides,
Aminoglycosides, Miscellaneous antibiotics, Chemotherapy of tuberculosis and leprosy (10 Hrs)
UNIT‐II Anti malarial drugs, Anti fungal drugs, Anti ‐ viral drugs, Anthelmintics, Anti protozoals, Anti ‐
amoebic drugs, Drugs for urinary tract infections and sexually transmitted diseases, Chemotherapy of
malignancy, Immunosuppressive agents (10 Hrs)
UNIT‐III Definition of poison, general principles of treatment of poisoning, Treatment of Barbiturate,
organophosphorus, opioid and atropine poisoning, Heavy metals and heavy metal antagonists,
Definition for acute, sub acute and chronic toxicity, genotoxicity, carcinogenicity, teratogenicity and
mutagenicity (10 Hrs)
UNIT‐IV Discovery and development of new chemical entities, Clinical trials, design of clinical trials and
testing of drugs in human, Gene Therapy – An introduction and its role in cancer treatment, High
throughput screening techniques (09 Hrs)
UNIT‐V Individualization of Drug therapy, Adverse drug reactions, Drugs used during pregnancy,
lactation, pediatrics and geriatrics, Drug interactions, Drug induced disease, Therapeutic Drug
monitoring (09 Hrs)
RPHL489 PHARMACOLOGY AND THERAPEUTICS– IV
PRACTICALS
1. To estimate the strength of the test sample of agonist / drug (e.g. Acetylcholine, Histamine, 5‐HT,
Oxytocin, etc.) using a suitable isolated muscle preparation employing matching bioassay
2. To estimate the strength of the test sample of agonist / drug (e.g. Acetylcholine, Histamine, 5‐HT,
Oxytocin, etc.) using a suitable isolated muscle preparation employing interpolation bioassay
3. To calculate the pA2 value of Atropine using Acetylcholine as an agonist on rat ileum preparation
4. To calculate the pA2 value of Mepyramine or Chlorpheniramine using Histamine as an agonist on
guinea pig ileum
5. To identify the given unknown poisonous by performing chemical test and Invivo methods
6. To study the in vitro pharmacokinetic drug interactions applied in clinical practice
7. To explain the principle involved in the given charts of dose calculations, agonism, antagonism and
drug interactions
8. To perform the microbiological assay of antibiotics by cup plate method
BOOKS RECOMMENDED
TEXT BOOKS
1. Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapeutics, R.S. Satoskar, S.D. Bhandarkar, Nirmala. N. Rege, 19th
edition, 2005, Popular Prakashan, Mumbai
2. Essentials of Medical Pharmacology, K.D. Tripati, Sixth edition, 2008, Jaypee Publishers, New Delhi
3. Pharmacology, Rang M.P, Dale M.M, Reter J.M., R.J. Flower, sixth edition, 2007, Elsevier, USA
4. Pharmacology, Lippincott’s Illustrated reviews, Fourth edition, 2009, Wolters Kluwer (India) Private
Ltd., New Delhi
5. Clinical Pharmacy, Tipnis Bajaj, First edition, 2003 Career Publications, Nashik
6. Frank Lu’s Basic Toxicology; Second edition; Hemisphere Publishing Corporation, USA
REFERENCES
1. The Pharmacological basis of Therapeutics – Goodman and Gilman’s, Eleventh edition, 2010, The
McGraw – Hill, USA
2. Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology, S.K. Kulkarni, Third edition, 1999, M.K. Jain Vallabh
Prakashan, New Delhi
3. Essentials of Pharmacotherapeutics, F.S.K. Barar, Fourth edition, 2009, S. Chand & Company, New
Delhi
4. Clinical Pharmacology, Laurence, D.R. And Bennet P.N, Seventh edition, 1994, Churchill Livingstone,
UK
5. Katzung, B.G., Susan B Masters, Anthony J Trever, Basic and Clinical Pharmacology, Eleventh edition,
2010, The McGraw ‐ Hill Companies Ltd., USA
6. A Textbook of Clinical Pharmacy Practice; G Parthasarathi, Karin Nyfort Hansen, Milap C Nahata,
2007, University Press, India