Exam 1 Review

Chapter 4: Conservation of Mass: Control-Volume Approach

Problems
Part A: From the Homework

1)
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2)
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3) Water enters one end of a perforated pipe 0.2 m in diameter with a velocity of 6 m/s.
The discharge through the pipe wall is approximated by a linear profile. If the flow is
steady, find the discharge velocity.
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4) Salt water containing 1.92 lb/gal of salt flows at a fixed rate of 2 gal/min into a 100-gal
tank, initially filled with fresh water. The density of the incoming solution is 71.8 lb/ft3.
The solution, kept uniform by stirring, flows out at a fixed rate of 19.2 lb/min.
a. How many pounds of salt will there be in the tank at the end of 1 h and 40 min?
b. What is the upper limit for the number of pounds of salt in the tank if the process
continues indefinitely?
c. How much time will elapse while the quantity of salt in the tank changes from 100
to 150 lb?
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5) In the figure below, the x-direction velocity profiles are shown for a control volume
surrounding a cylinder. If the flow is incompressible, what must the rate of flow be across
the horizontal control-volume surface?
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6) Two very long parallel plates of length 2L are separated a distance b. The upper plate
moves downward at a constant rate V. A fluid fills the space between the plates. Fluid is
squeezed out between the plates.

Determine the mass flow rate and

maximum velocity under the following
conditions:

a. The exit velocity is uniform.

b. The exit velocity is parabolic.
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Part B: From the Textbook

1) In the piston and cylinder arrangement shown below, the large piston has a velocity of
2 fps and an acceleration of 5 fps2.

Determine the velocity and acceleration of

the smaller piston.
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2) Water flows steadily through the piping junction, entering section 1 at 0.0013m3/s. The
average velocity at section 2 is 2.1 m/s. A portion of the flow is diverted through the
showerhead, which contains 100 holes of 1-mm diameter. Assuming uniform shower
flow, estimate the exit velocity from the showerhead jets.
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3) The hypodermic needle shown below contains a liquid serum (r 1 g/cm3). If the serum
is to be injected steadily at 6 cm3/s, how fast should the plunger be advanced (a) if
leakage in the plunger clearance is neglected and (b) if leakage is 10% of the needle
flow?
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4) A cylindrical water tank is 4 feet high, with a 3-foot diameter, open to the atmosphere
at the top is initially filled with water with a temperature of 60F. The outlet at the bottom
with a diameter of 0.5 in. is opened and the tank empties. The average velocity of the
water exiting the tank is given by the equation v = sqrt(2gh), where h is the height of the
water in the tank measured from the center of the outlet port and g is the gravitational
acceleration.

Determine: (a) how long it will take for the water level in the tank to drop to 2 ft from the
bottom, and (b) how long it will take to drain the entire tank.
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5) A large tank of unknown total volume is initially filled with 6000 g of a 10% by mass
sodium sulfate solution. Into this tank a 50% sodium sulfate solution is added at a rate of
40 g/min. At the single outlet to the tank flows a 20 g/L solution at a rate of 0.01667 L/
sec. Please calculate (a) the total mass in the tank after 2 h and (b) the amount of sodium
sulfate in the tank after 2 h.
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Chapter 6: Conservation of Energy: Control-Volume Approach

Problems
Part A: From the Homework

1) A fan draws air from the atmosphere through a 0.30-m- diameter round duct that has a
smoothly rounded entrance. A differential manometer connected to an opening in the wall
of the duct shows a vacuum pressure of 2.5 cm of water. The density of air is 1.22 kg/m3.
Determine the volume rate of air flow in the duct in cubic feet per second.

What is the horsepower output of the fan?

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2) A liquid flows from A to B in a horizontal pipe line shown at a rate of 3 ft3/s with a
friction loss of 0.45 ft of flowing fluid. For a pressure head at B of 24 in., what will be the
pressure head at A?
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3) Multnomah Falls in Oregon has a sheer drop of 165 m. Estimate the change in water
temperature caused by this drop.
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4) Water flows steadily up the vertical pipe and is then deflected to flow outward with a
uniform radial velocity. If friction is neglected, what is the flow rate of water through the
pipe if the pressure at A is 10 psig?
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5) Water flows through the pipe contraction shown at a rate of 1 ft3/s. Calculate the
differential manometer reading in inches of mercury, assuming no energy loss in the flow.
Be sure to give the correct direction of the manometer reading.
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6) Referring to the figure, assume the flow to be frictionless in

the siphon. Find the rate of discharge in cubic feet per second,
and the pressure head at B if the pipe has a uniform diameter of
1 in. How long will it take for the water level to decrease by 3
ft? The tank diameter is 10 ft.
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7) Assume that the level of water in the tank remains the same and that there is no friction
loss in the pipe, entrance, or nozzle. Determine
A. The volumetric discharge rate from the nozzle

B. The pressure and velocity at points A, B, C, and D

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Part B: Textbook Problems

5
1) Air flows steadily through a turbine that produces 3.5x10 ft-lbf/s of work. Using the
data below at the inlet and outlet, where the inlet is 10 feet below the outlet, please
calculate the heat transferred in units of BTU/hr. You may assume steady flow and ignore
viscous work.
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2) You have been asked to do an analysis of a pump that will transfer a fluid. The inlet to
2
the pump has a diameter of 0.35 m and the pressure to the pump is 2500 kg/m-sec . The
2
outlet from the pump has a diameter of 0.15 m and a pressure of 6000 kg/m-sec . The
-3
fluid that will be pumped has a viscosity of 1.09 x 10 kg / meter-sec and a density of
3
600 kg/m . The outlet from the pump is located 5 m higher than the inlet to the pump. In
your analysis assume that there is no temperature change between the inlet and outlet and
that the system is running at steady state. Please determine the amount of power that the
3
pump must add to the fluid to maintain a constant flow rate of 10 m /sec.
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3) Sea water, p 1025 kg/m3, flows through a pump at 0:21 m3/s. The pump inlet is 0.25 m
in diameter. At the inlet the pressure is #0.15 m of mercury. The pump outlet, 0.152 m in
diameter, is 1.8 m above the inlet. The outlet pressure is 175 kPa. If the inlet and exit
temperature are equal, how much power does the pump add to the fluid?
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4) A liquid is heated in a vertical tube of constant diameter and 15 m long. The flow is
upward. At the entrance the average velocity is 1 m/s, the pressure is 340,000 Pa and the
3
density is 1001 kg/m . If the increase in internal energy is 200,000 J/kg. Find the heat
added to the fluid.
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5) Water flows through a 2 inch diameter horizontal pipe at a flow rate of 35 gal/min.
Assume steady flow, that the heat transfer to the pipe is negligible, and that frictional
forces cause a pressure drop of 10 psi. What is the temperature change of the water?
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6) During the flow of 200 ft3/s of water through the hydraulic turbine shown, the pressure
indicated by gage A is 12 psig. What should gage B read if the turbine is deliver- ing 600
hp at 82% efficiency? Gage B is designed to measure the total pressurethat is, P rv2=2
for an incompressible fluid.
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7) You have been asked to do an analysis of a steady state pump that will transfer Aniline,
an organic material from one area to another in a chemical plant. Please determine the
temperature change that the fluid undergoes during this process. The flow rate is constant
3
in the system at 1.0 ft /sec. The inlet to the pump has a diameter of 8 inches and the
2
pressure to the pump is 250 lbf /ft . The outlet from the pump has a diameter of 5 inches
2 3
and a pressure of 600 lbf /ft . The fluid that will be pumped has a density of 63.0 lbm/ft ,
o -3
a heat capacity of 0.490 BTU/lbm F, viscosity of 1.8x10 lbm/ft sec, and kinematic
-5 2
viscosity of 2.86x10 ft /s. The outlet from the pump is located 75 feet higher than the
6 2 3
inlet to the pump. The pump provides work to the fluid at a rate of 8.3x10 lbmft /s and
6
the heat transferred to the CV from the pump is 1.40x10 BTU/hr. In this analysis you
may assume steady state and ignore viscous work.
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8) A client has asked you to find the pressure change in a pumping station. The outlet
from the pump is 20 feet above the inlet. A Newtonian fluid is being pumped at steady
state. At the inlet to the pump where the diameter of 6 inches, the temperature of the fluid
-3 3
is 80 , the viscosity is 1.80x10 lbm/ft sec, the density is 50 lbm/ft , the heat capacity is
-5 2
0.580 BTU/lbm F, and the kinematic viscosity is 3.60 x 10 ft /sec. At the outlet to the
pump where the diameter of 4 inches, the temperature of the fluid is 100 , the viscosity is
-3 3
1.30x10 lbm/ft sec, the density is 49.6 lbm/ft , the heat capacity is 0.610 BTU/lbm F,
-5 2
and the kinematic viscosity is 2.62 x 10 ft /sec. The flow rate through the system is
3 8 2 3
constant at 20 ft /sec. The pump provides work to the fluid at 3.85 x 10 lbm ft /s and
6
the heat transferred is 2.32x10 BTU/hr. You may neglect viscous work in your analysis.
Under these circumstances, please calculate the pressure change between the inlet and the
outlet of the pumping station.
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Chapter 13: Flow in Closed Conduits

Problems
Part A: From the Homework

1) A 280-km-long pipeline connects two pumping stations. If 0.56 m3/s are to be pumped
through a 0.62-m-diameter line, the discharge station is 250m lower in elevation than the
upstream station, and the discharge pressure is to be maintained at 300,000 Pa, determine
the power required to pump the oil. The oil has a kinematic viscosity of 4.5 10"6 m2/s and
a density of 810 kg/m3. The pipe is constructed of commercial steel. The inlet pressure
may be taken as atmospheric.
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2) Oil having a kinematic viscosity of 6.7 10"6 m2/s and density of 801 kg/m3 is pumped
through a pipe of 0.71 m diameter at an average velocity of 1.1 m/s. The roughness of the
pipe is equivalent to that of a commercial steel pipe. If pumping stations are 320 km
apart, find the head loss (in meters of oil) between the pumping stations and the power
required.
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3) Water at the rate of 118 ft3/min flows through a smooth horizontal tube 250 ft long.
The pressure drop is 4.55 psi. Determine the tube diameter.
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4) A 0.2-m-diameter cast-iron pipe and a 67-mm- diameter commercial steel pipe are
parallel, and both run from the same pump to a reservoir. The pressure drop is 210 kPa
and the lines are 150 m long. Determine the flow rate of water in each line.
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5)
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6)