12 Chemistry Notes Ch10 Haloalkanes and Haloarenes
12 Chemistry Notes Ch10 Haloalkanes and Haloarenes
12 Chemistry Notes Ch10 Haloalkanes and Haloarenes
Class 12 Chemistry
Quick Revision Notes
Chapter 10
Haloalkanes and Haloarenes
Nature of C-X bond in alkyl halides: X is more electronegative than carbon. So, the
C-X bond is polarized with C having a partial positive charge and X having a partial
negative charge.
Preparation of haloalkanes:
a)
b)
c)
Preparation of haloarenes:
b) Sandmeyers reaction:
a) Solubility
1. Although haloalkanes are polar in nature, yet they are practically very slightly soluble in
water.
2. In order for a haloalkane to dissolve in water, energy is required to overcome the
attractions between the haloalkane molecules and break the hydrogen bonds between
water molecules.
3. However Haloalkanes are not able to form hydrogen bonds with water and therefore,
b) Density
1. Simple fluoro and chloroalkanes are lighter than water while bromides and
polychlorodevrivatives are heavier than water.
2. With the increase in number of carbon atoms, the densities go on increasing. With the
increase in number of halogen atoms, the densities go on increasing. The densities
increase in the order: Fluoride < chloride < bromide < iodide
3. The density also increases with increasing number and atomic mass of the halogen.
c) Boiling Points
SN1 Mechanism
SN2 Mechanism
b) Wurtz reaction
a) Dows Process
i) Other conversions: