Bode Plot Examples

Overview Freq Domain Asymptotic plots Making Plot Examples BodePlotGui Rules Table Printable

Several examples of the construction of Bode Plots are included in this file. Click on the transfer function in the table
below to jump to that example.
Examples (Click on Transfer Function)
1 3 6
2 4 5 7

(multiple poles
at
(repeated real poles, (complex conj.
(a real (pole at origin, complex
(real poles and zeros) negative constant) poles) (time delay)
pole) origin) conj zeros)

Bode Plot: Example 1

Draw the Bode Diagram for the transfer function:

STEP 1: REWRITE THE TRANSFER FUNCTION IN PROPER FORM.

Make both the lowest order term in the numerator and
denominator unity. The numerator is an order 0 polynomial, the
denominator is order 1.

STEP 2: SEPARATE THE TRANSFER FUNCTION INTO ITS CONSTITUENT

PARTS.

The transfer function has 2 components:

A constant of 3.3
A pole at s=-30

STEP 3: DRAW THE BODE DIAGRAM FOR EACH PART.

This is done in the diagram below.
 This is done in the diagram below.
The constant is the cyan line (A quantity of 3.3 is equal to 10.4 dB).
The phase is constant at 0 degrees.
The pole at 30 rad/sec is the blue line. It is 0 dB up to the break
frequency, then drops off with a slope of -20 dB/dec. The phase is
0 degrees up to 1/10 the break frequency (3 rad/sec) then drops
linearly down to -90 degrees at 10 times the break frequency (300
rad/sec).

STEP 4: DRAW THE OVERALL BODE DIAGRAM BY ADDING UP THE

RESULTS FROM STEP 3.

The overall asymptotic plot is the translucent pink line, the

exact response is the black line.
 Bode Plot: Example 2
Draw the Bode Diagram for the transfer function:
STEP 1: REWRITE THE TRANSFER FUNCTION IN PROPER FORM.
Make both the lowest order term in the numerator and
denominator unity. The numerator is an order 1 polynomial, the
denominator is order 2.

STEP 2: SEPARATE THE TRANSFER FUNCTION INTO ITS CONSTITUENT

PARTS.

The transfer function has 4 components:

A constant of 0.1
A pole at s=-10
A pole at s=-100
A zero at s=-1

STEP 3: DRAW THE BODE DIAGRAM FOR EACH PART.

This is done in the diagram below.
The constant is the cyan line (A quantity of 0.1 is equal to -20 dB).
The phase is constant at 0 degrees.
The pole at 10 rad/sec is the green line. It is 0 dB up to the break
frequency, then drops off with a slope of -20 dB/dec. The phase is
0 degrees up to 1/10 the break frequency (1 rad/sec) then drops
linearly down to -90 degrees at 10 times the break frequency (100
rad/sec).
The pole at 100 rad/sec is the blue line. It is 0 dB up to the break
frequency, then drops off with a slope of -20 dB/dec. The phase is
0 degrees up to 1/10 the break frequency (10 rad/sec) then drops
linearly down to -90 degrees at 10 times the break frequency (1000
rad/sec).
The zero at 1 rad/sec is the red line. It is 0 dB up to the break
frequency, then rises at 20 dB/dec. The phase is 0 degrees up to
1/10 the break frequency (0.1 rad/sec) then rises linearly to 90
degrees at 10 times the break frequency (10 rad/sec).

STEP 4: DRAW THE OVERALL BODE DIAGRAM BY ADDING UP THE

STEP 4: DRAW THE OVERALL BODE DIAGRAM BY ADDING UP THE
RESULTS FROM STEP 3.

The overall asymptotic plot is the translucent pink line, the

exact response is the black line.
 Bode Plot: Example 3

Draw the Bode Diagram for the transfer function:

STEP 1: REWRITE THE TRANSFER FUNCTION IN PROPER FORM.

Make both the lowest order term in the numerator and
denominator unity. The numerator is an order 1 polynomial, the
denominator is order 2.

STEP 2: SEPARATE THE TRANSFER FUNCTION INTO ITS CONSTITUENT

PARTS.

The transfer function has 4 components:

A constant of 33.3
A pole at s=-3
A pole at s=0
A zero at s=-10

STEP 3: DRAW THE BODE DIAGRAM FOR EACH PART.

This is done in the diagram below.
The constant is the cyan line (A quantity of 33.3 is equal to 30 dB).
The phase is constant at 0 degrees.
The pole at 3 rad/sec is the green line. It is 0 dB up to the break
frequency, then drops off with a slope of -20 dB/dec. The phase is
0 degrees up to 1/10 the break frequency (0.3 rad/sec) then drops
linearly down to -90 degrees at 10 times the break frequency (30
rad/sec).
The pole at the origin. It is a straight line with a slope of -20
dB/dec. It goes through 0 dB at 1 rad/sec. The phase is -90
degrees.
 degrees.
The zero at 10 rad/sec is the red line. It is 0 dB up to the break
frequency, then rises at 20 dB/dec. The phase is 0 degrees up to
1/10 the break frequency (1 rad/sec) then rises linearly to 90
degrees at 10 times the break frequency (100 rad/sec).

STEP 4: DRAW THE OVERALL BODE DIAGRAM BY ADDING UP THE

RESULTS FROM STEP 3.

The overall asymptotic plot is the translucent pink line, the

exact response is the black line.
 Bode Plot: Example 4

Draw the Bode Diagram for the transfer function:

STEP 1: REWRITE THE TRANSFER FUNCTION IN PROPER FORM.

Make both the lowest order term in the numerator and
denominator unity. The numerator is an order 1 polynomial, the
denominator is order 3.

STEP 2: SEPARATE THE TRANSFER FUNCTION INTO ITS CONSTITUENT

PARTS.

The transfer function has 4 components:

A constant of -10
A pole at s=-10
A doubly repeated pole at s=-1
A zero at the origin

STEP 3: DRAW THE BODE DIAGRAM FOR EACH PART.

This is done in the diagram below.
The constant is the cyan line (A quantity of 10 is equal to 20 dB).
The phase is constant at -180 degrees (constant is negative).
The pole at 10 rad/sec is the blue line. It is 0 dB up to the break
frequency, then drops off with a slope of -20 dB/dec. The phase is
0 degrees up to 1/10 the break frequency then drops linearly down
to -90 degrees at 10 times the break frequency.
The repeated pole at 1 rad/sec is the green line. It is 0 dB up to the
break frequency, then drops off with a slope of -40 dB/dec. The
phase is 0 degrees up to 1/10 the break frequency then drops
linearly down to -180 degrees at 10 times the break frequency. The
magnitude and phase drop twice as steeply as those for a single
 magnitude and phase drop twice as steeply as those for a single
pole.
The zero at the origin is the red line. It has a slope of +20 dB/dec
and goes through 0 dB at 1 rad/sec. The phase is 90 degrees.

STEP 4: DRAW THE OVERALL BODE DIAGRAM BY ADDING UP THE

RESULTS FROM STEP 3.

The overall asymptotic plot is the translucent pink line, the

exact response is the black line.
 Bode Plot: Example 5

Draw the Bode Diagram for the transfer function:

STEP 1: REWRITE THE TRANSFER FUNCTION IN PROPER FORM.

Make both the lowest order term in the numerator and
denominator unity. The numerator is an order 1 polynomial, the
denominator is order 2.

STEP 2: SEPARATE THE TRANSFER FUNCTION INTO ITS CONSTITUENT

PARTS.

The transfer function has 4 components:

A constant of 6
A zero at s=-10
Complex conjugate poles at the roots of s2+3s+50,
with

STEP 3: DRAW THE BODE DIAGRAM FOR EACH PART.

This is done in the diagram below.
The constant is the cyan line (A quantity of 6 is equal to 15.5 dB).
The phase is constant at 0 degrees.
The zero at 10 rad/sec is the green line. It is 0 dB up to the break
frequency, then rises with a slope of +20 dB/dec. The phase is 0
degrees up to 1/10 the break frequency then rises linearly to +90
degrees at 10 times the break frequency.
The plots for the complex conjugate poles are shown in blue. They
cause a peak of:
 cause a peak of:

at a frequency of

This is shown by the blue circle. The phase goes from the low
frequency asymptote (0 degrees) at

to the high frequency asymptote at

STEP 4: DRAW THE OVERALL BODE DIAGRAM BY ADDING UP THE

RESULTS FROM STEP 3.

The exact response is the black line.

 Bode Plot: Example 6

Draw the Bode Diagram for the transfer function:

STEP 1: REWRITE THE TRANSFER FUNCTION IN PROPER FORM.

Make both the lowest order term in the numerator and
denominator unity. The numerator is an order 2 polynomial, the
denominator is order 3.

STEP 2: SEPARATE THE TRANSFER FUNCTION INTO ITS CONSTITUENT

PARTS.

The transfer function has 4 components:

A constant of 1
A pole at s=-100
A repeated pole at the origin (s=0)
Complex conjugate zeros at the roots of s2+s+25,
with

STEP 3: DRAW THE BODE DIAGRAM FOR EACH PART.

This is done in the diagram below.
The constant is the cyan line (A quantity of 1 is equal to 0 dB). The
 The constant is the cyan line (A quantity of 1 is equal to 0 dB). The
phase is constant at 0 degrees.
The pole at 100 rad/sec is the green line. It is 0 dB up to the break
frequency, then falls with a slope of -20 dB/dec. The phase is 0
degrees up to 1/10 the break frequency then falls linearly to -90
degrees at 10 times the break frequency.
The repeated poles at the origin are shown with the blue line. The
slope is -40 dB/decade (because pole is repeated), and goes
through 0 dB at 1 rad/sec. The slope is -180 degrees (again
because of double pole).
The complex zero is shown by the red line. The zeros give a dip in
the magnitude plot of

at a frequency of 5 rad/sec (because is small, r0). This is

shown by the red circle. The phase goes from the low frequency
asymptote (0 degrees) at

to the high frequency asymptote at

Again, because is so small, this line is close to vertical.

STEP 4: DRAW THE OVERALL BODE DIAGRAM BY ADDING UP THE

RESULTS FROM STEP 3.

The exact response is the black line.

 Bode Plot: Example 7

Draw the Bode Diagram for the transfer function:

This is the same as "Example 1," but has a 0.01 second time
delay. We have not seen a time delay before this, but we can
easily handle it as we would any other constituent part of the
transfer function. The magnitude and phase of a time delay are
described here.

STEP 1: REWRITE THE TRANSFER FUNCTION IN PROPER FORM.

Make both the lowest order term in the numerator and
denominator unity. The numerator is an order 0 polynomial, the
denominator is order 1.
STEP 2: SEPARATE THE TRANSFER FUNCTION INTO ITS CONSTITUENT
PARTS.

The transfer function has 3 components:

A constant of 3.3
A pole at s=-30
A time delay of 0.01 seconds (magnitude and phase of time delay
described here).

STEP 3: DRAW THE BODE DIAGRAM FOR EACH PART.

This is done in the diagram below.
The constant is the cyan line (A quantity of 3.3 is equal to 10.4 dB).
The phase is constant at 0 degrees.
The pole at 30 rad/sec is the blue line. It is 0 dB up to the break
frequency, then drops off with a slope of -20 dB/dec. The phase is
0 degrees up to 1/10 the break frequency (3 rad/sec) then drops
linearly down to -90 degrees at 10 times the break frequency (300
rad/sec).
The time delay is the red line. It is 0 dB at all frequencies. The
phase of the time delayis given by -0.01 rad, or -0.01180/
(at =100 rad/sec, the phase is -0.01100180/-30). There is no
asymptotic approximation for the phase of a time delay. Though
the equation for the phase is linear with frequency, it looks
exponential on the graph because the horizontal axis is
logarithmic.

STEP 4: DRAW THE OVERALL BODE DIAGRAM BY ADDING UP THE

RESULTS FROM STEP 3.

The exact response is the black line.

 References

Copyright 2005 to 2015 Erik Cheever This page may be freely used for educational purposes.
Comments? Questions? Suggestions? Corrections?
Erik Cheever Department of Engineering Swarthmore College