CALCULATION OF WIND LOADS AS PER HA 66/95

Remarks
V site = 40 m/sec 144 kmph (Assumed)

Fetch, Scs = 0.84 (0.3km from sea) Figure A.2

Sct & Stct are not required (Town reduction factors)
g gust = 3.44 (For post & panel structures)
Stsc = 0.215 (0.3km from sea) Figure A.4
Stb = 1.46 (0.84*(1+3.44*0.215))
Vref = 58.5 m/sec 210.42 kmph (1.46*39.999999996)

q = 2.09 kN/m2 (0.613*58.45^2/1000

At = 17.8 m2
Cd = 1.16 (For sufficiently rigid)

H, Height of barrier = 3.018 m (From drawing)

p, Post spacing = 2.44 m (From drawing)
P bas = 21.47 kN (1.2*1.16*2.09*3.018*2.44)

H/p = 1.24

Multipliers
Posts 1 to 3 = 2 (Figure A.9)
Posts 4 to 6 = 1.5 (Figure A.9)
All other = 1 (Figure A.9)

Wind load on Design moments

Posts 1 to 3 = 12.88 kN (Considering 30% blockage) 27.17 kN-m
Posts 4 to 6 = 9.66 kN (Considering 30% blockage) 20.37 kN-m
All other = 6.44 kN (Considering 30% blockage) 13.58 kN-m

Recommendations
Refer Table C1 of HA 66/95, for all other intermediate posts
For footing size of 0.6m Depth of embedment into soil 0.9 m
For footing size of 0.8m Depth of embedment into soil 0.8 m
For footing size of 1.0m Depth of embedment into soil 0.7 m
CALCULATION OF WIND LOADS NAD SELECTION OF FOOTING SIZE GIFFORD

The wind loads are calculated as per relevant clauses of HA 66/95

Gust speed = 50.0 m/sec 180 kmph Remarks

Fetch, Scs = 0.84 (distance > 100km from sea) Figure A.2 of HA 66/95
Sct & Stct are not required (Town reduction factors)
g gust = 1.00 (For post & panel structures)
Stsc = 0.215 (distance > 100km from sea) Figure A.4 of HA 66/95
Stb = 1.02 (0.84*(1+1*0.215))
Vref = 51.0 m/sec 183.71 kmph (1.02*50)

q = 1.60 kN/m2 (0.613*51.03^2/1000

Cd = 1.16 from HA 66/95

Height of barrier+coils+spikes = 3.44 m

H, Height of post = 2.5 m (From drawing)
p, Post spacing = 2.44 m (From drawing)
P bas = 18.65 kN (1.2*1.16*1.60*2.5146*2.44)

H/p = 1.03

Multipliers
Posts 1 to 3 = 2 (Figure A.9 of HA 66/95)
Posts 4 to 6 = 1.5 (Figure A.9 of HA 66/95)
All other = 1 (Figure A.9 of HA 66/95)

Wind load on
Posts 1 to 3 = 12.68 kN (Considering 34.0 % blockage)
Posts 4 to 6 = 9.51 kN (Considering 34.0 % blockage)
All other = 6.34 kN (Considering 34.0 % blockage)

Ht of cg
above Moment
Blocked P, bas ground about GL
Item area (m2) (kN) (m) (kN-m)
Fence 2.575 5.72 1.66 9.482
Spike 0.153 0.34 2.98 1.009
Coils 0.090 0.20 3.44 0.689
Total 6.26 11.18

Considering depth of embedment of the foundation at 850 mm below GL

Design moments at footing base
Posts 1 to 3 = 31.80 kN-m
Posts 4 to 6 = 23.85 kN-m
All other = 15.90 kN-m

Table C1 of HA 66/95 shows experimental data for a range of footing sizes and their depth of embedments
against the safe bending moments at the footing base.
From Table C1 of HA66/95, footing with a square size of 850mmx850mm is found adequate for all post
locations apart from 1 to 6. Post locations from 1 to 6 at the ends of the fence should be provided with
rigid stays to reduce/check the moments on the base of the posts and post foundations.
Although, the table neglects, the top 300mm of soil by considering this layer to be uncompacted, it is
presumed that the soil is fully compacted upto the top of ground as marked in the drawings, to enable the
footing derive resistance from the sorrounding soil along full depth of its embedment.
It should also be noted that the safe design moments, mentioned in the Table C1 & figures C3 & C4 already
include a factor of safety of 2, to ensure the foundations do not significantly rotate due to the overturning
moments.
 GIFFORD

.60*2.5146*2.44)

of HA 66/95)
of HA 66/95)
of HA 66/95)

th of embedments
uate for all post
e provided with

mpacted, it is
ings, to enable the

res C3 & C4 already

to the overturning
CALCULATION OF WIND LOADS AS PER HA 66/95
Remarks
Gust speed = 50.0 m/sec 180 kmph

Fetch, Scs = 0.84 (distance > 100km from sea) Figure A.2
Sct & Stct are not required (Town reduction factors)
g gust = 1.00 (For post & panel structures)
Stsc = 0.215 (distance > 100km from sea) Figure A.4
Stb = 1.02 (0.84*(1+1*0.215))
Vref = 51.0 m/sec 183.71 kmph (1.02*50)

q = 1.60 kN/m2 (0.613*51.03^2/1000

Cd = 1.16 (For sufficiently rigid)

Height of barrier+coils+spikes = 3.4396 m

H, Height of post = 2.5 m (From drawing)
p, Post spacing = 2.44 m (From drawing)
P bas = 18.65 kN (1.2*1.16*1.60*2.5146*2.44)

H/p = 1.03

Multipliers
Posts 1 to 3 = 2 (Figure A.9)
Posts 4 to 6 = 1.5 (Figure A.9)
All other = 1 (Figure A.9)

Wind load on
Posts 1 to 3 = 12.68 kN (Considering 34.0 % blockage)
Posts 4 to 6 = 9.51 kN (Considering 34.0 % blockage)
All other = 6.34 kN (Considering 34.0 % blockage)

Considering depth of embedment of the foundation at 800 mm below GL

Moment
Blocked P, bas about GL
Item area (m2) (kN) LA (m) (kN-m)
Fence 2.575 5.72 2.46 14.059
Spike 0.153 0.34 3.71 1.259
Coils 0.090 0.20 3.71 0.744
Total 6.26 16.06

Check for base pressure

Founding level below GL = 0.85 m
Height of pedestal = 0.95 m
One side of square pedestal = 0.4 m
Wt of pedestal = 0.38 t

Size of footing
B= 1.5 m
D= 2m
t= 0.3 m
Zl = 1.0 m3
A= 3 m2
Wt of the footing = 2.25 t

Area of soil over footing = 2.84 m2

Ht of soil over footing = 0.55 m
Wt of soil over footing = 2.812 t (Density of soil = 1.8 t/m2)

Max base pressure 3.42 t/m2

Min base pressure 0.21 t/m2
Check against overturning
Total overturning moment at founding level = 1.61 t-m

Total restoring moment (Moments taken about edge)

Item Wt LA moment
Footing wt 2.25 1 2.25
Wt of soil 2.812 1 2.8116
Pedestal 0.38 1 0.38
Total restoring moment = 5.44 t-m

FOS against overturning = 3.39 > 2 safe

CALCULATION OF THE EXPOSED AREA OF THE FENCE

Total height of the fence = 2.5146 m

Total width of the fence = 2.44 m
Height of post = 2.52 m
Number of vertical wires = 32
Number of horizontal wires = 188

1. FOR THE FENCE

a Total square of the fence = 6.136 sqm (A1)
b Post = 0.151 sqm (A2)
c Top rail = 0.119 sqm (A3)
d Bottom tray = 0.119 sqm (A4)
e Middle tray = 0.090 sqm (A5)
f Vertical wires = 0.304 sqm (A6)
g Horizontal wires = 1.791 sqm (A7)

Total blockage = sum((A2) to (A7))

= 2.575 sqm (A8)

2. FOR SPIKED OPENING (125mm)

a Total area = 0.305 sqm (A9)
b Spike area = 0.153 sqm (A10)
(50% blockage considered)

3. FOR TOP COILS

a Top area with coils and wires = 1.952 sqm (A11)
b For coil area = 0.068 sqm (A12)
c Straight wires = 0.022 sqm (A13)

Total area of fence + spiked opening + coiled area = (A1)+(A9)+(A11)

8.393 sqm (A14)
Total blocked area = (A8)+(A10)+(A12)+(A13)
2.817 (A15)

%age of blockage = 33.571 ((A15)/(A14))*100

say 34 %
TABLE C1
depth
size 0.70 0.75 0.80 0.85 0.90
0.60 9.50 10.65 11.80 12.95 14.10
0.65 10.00 11.19 12.38 13.56 14.75
0.70 10.50 11.73 12.95 14.18 15.40
0.75 11.00 12.26 13.53 14.79 16.05
0.80 11.50 12.80 14.10 15.40 16.70
0.85 12.03 13.35 14.68 16.01 17.35
0.90 12.55 13.90 15.25 16.63 18.00
0.95 13.08 14.45 15.83 17.24 18.65
1.00 13.60 15.00 16.40 17.85 19.30
850 850 722500

850 930 790500

150 225 67500
723000

270.4163
DESIGN OF TIE BEAMS

The tie beams are provided with lifting holes spaced 1.22m apart. The lifting hooks
shall be placed at these locations to lift the precast footing units and be placed at
the respective locations at site.

References :
1 Dimensional drawing of the security fence foundations
2 BS 5400:1990

Structural idealisation :
One unit of the precast foundation block is considered for analysis. The unit is
idealised in a single line, with supports placed at the position of the lifting hooks.
The member properties are assigned according to the sizes of the footings and the
tie beams at respective locations

Material specifications
Grade of concrete
Tie beams C 30/20
Footing C 30/20
Reinforcement 460 Mpa

STRUCTURAL ELEMENT DESIGN CHECK

Clear cover to main reinforcement in tie beams
considering severe conditions of exposure = 45 mm Table 13 of BS 5400-4:1990
Crack Width Limitations for walls = 0.25 mm Table 1 of BS 5400-4:1990

Moment and Shear are summaried for unfactored loads obtained from Staad Analysis are as below
Bending Moment (kNm) 1 Hogging
Shear force (kN) 1.5
Bending Moment (kNm) 1 Sagging
Load factors considered are as below
g fl For ULS = 1.15 Table 1 of BD 37/01
For SLS = 1.0

g f3 For ULS = 1.1 Art 4.2.3 of BS:5400-4 : 1990

For SLS = 1.0
 ULS SLS
Bending Moment (kNm) 1.265 1.00 Hogging
Shear force (kN) 1.898 1.50
Bending Moment (kNm) 1.265 1.00 Sagging

Design of beam reinforcement

Main reinforcement, in hogging region
ba width of the beam = 0.4 m Refer drawing
d effective depth to tension reinforcement = 0.749 m Refer drawing
Minimum Steel =0.15% ba d = 449.4 mm2 Art:5.8.4 of BS 5400-4:1990
Provided Reinforcement
12 mm dia @ 4 Nos Bar mark 11
= 452.38934 mm2

Main reinforcement, in sagging region

ba width of the beam = 0.2 m Refer drawing
d effective depth to tension reinforcement = 0.749 m Refer drawing
Minimum Steel =0.15% ba d = 224.7 mm2 Art:5.8.4 of BS 5400-4:1990
Provided Reinforcement
12 mm dia @ 2 Nos Bar mark 02
= 226.19467 mm2

The ULS and SLS cases are checked out by using Gifford Bridge Tools- RCSECT and the results are summarised below

Ult. Moment Capacity of the Section 55.5 kNm > 1.265 Hence Safe ULS hogging moment case
55.5 kNm > 1.265 Hence Safe ULS sagging moment case
Shear Capacity 151.5 kN > 1.90 Hence Safe ULS case
Crack Width 0 mm < 0.25 Hence Safe
The results as obtained from RC sect program is presented below
DESIGN OF FOOTING BLOCK

The column section is considered to be square with the following dimensions. The effect of
the chamfers is neglected.
h Overall depth of the section = 850 mm
b Breadth of the section = 630 mm
d Depth of the footing = 1250 mm

Material specifications
Grade of concrete
Tie beams C 30/20
Footing C 30/20
Reinforcement 460 Mpa

Estimation of Vertical load on Footing

Wt of post 0.12*0.3*0.003*(3.018+0.4)*7.85 = 0.003 Mt

Total length
of horizontal wires = (2.5146/(12.7/1000)+1)*2.44 = 485.56 m
Total length
of horizontal wires = 32*2.5146 = 80 m
Diameter of the wires = 0.003 m

Wt of the wires PI()/4*0.003^2*(80.4672+485.56)*7.85 = 0.031 Mt

Note: the weight of top, middle and bottom trays are conservatively ignored

Plan area of the footing = 0.93*0.85-4*(0.5*0.225*0.15) = 0.723 m2

Half depth of the footing = 0.625 m
Wt of the footing upto mid depth = 0.625*0.723*2.5 = 1.130 Mt

Top thickness of the tie beam = 0.4 m

Length of tie beam attached/footing = 2.44 m
Height of the tie beam = 0.4 m
Wt. of the tie beam attached/footing 0.4*2.44*0.4*2.5 = 0.976 Mt
Estimation of Horizontal load on Footing

Wind force at footing top = 6.34 kN

(refer calculation of wind loads)
LA upto mid depth of the footing 2.5146/2+850/2000+0.4 = 2.08 m
(refer calculation of wind loads)

Unfactored moment at mid depth of the footing = 13.20 kN-m

STRUCTURAL ELEMENT DESIGN CHECK

The footing section is checked under L/C 2 of BD 37/01
Clear cover to main reinforcement in tie beams
considering severe conditions of exposure = 45 mm Table 13 of BS 5400-4:1990
Crack Width Limitations for walls = 0.25 mm Table 1 of BS 5400-4:1990

Load factors considered are as below

g fl For ULS Wind load = 2 HA 66/95
Dead load steel = 1.05 Table 1 of BD 37/01
Dead load concrete = 1.15 Table 1 of BD 37/01
For SLS Wind load = 1.0 Table 1 of BD 37/01
Dead load = 1.0 Table 1 of BD 37/01

g f3 For ULS = 1.1 Art 4.2.3 of BS:5400-4 : 1990

For SLS = 1.0 Art 4.2.3 of BS:5400-4 : 1990
CHECK ULTIMATE CASE
N Ultimate axial load on the section
(0.003+0.031)*1.05*1.1+(0.98+1.13)*1.15*1.1 = 2.70 Mt

M Ultimate bending moment on the section

13.20*2*1.1 = 29.05 kN-m

e Resultant eccentricity = 1074.5 mm

d2 depth of surface to reinforcement on tension face = 790 mm
h/2-d2 = 365 mm

Since (h/2-d2) < e, the section is checked as per Art 5.5.3.5 (b) of BS 5400-4 : 1990

Ma Increased ultimate bending moment =29.05+(2.70*10)*365/1000 = 38.9 kN-m

Minimum Steel =0.15*N/fy = 8.82 mm2 Art:5.8.4.1 of BS 5400-4:1990

Provided Reinforcement
10 mm dia @ 3 Nos Bar mark 05
= 235.62 mm2

The ULS and SLS cases are checked out by using Gifford Bridge Tools- RCSECT and the results are summarised below

Ult. Moment Capacity of the Section 65.4 kNm > 38.914 Hence Safe
Shear Capacity 159.1 kN > 13.95 Hence Safe
Crack Width 0 mm < 0.25 Hence Safe
The results as obtained from RC sect program is presented below