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    Chem12 C120

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    Muhammad
    This document provides an introduction to stoichiometry and chemical calculations. It defines stoichiometry as the calculation of quantities in chemical reactions using balanced chemical equations. It explains that balanced equations show the mole ratios of reactants and products, and that mole ratios allow stoichiometric problems to convert between moles, mass, and volume of substances. The key aspects are that balanced equations and mole ratios are required to solve stoichiometric problems.

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    Chem12 C120

    Uploaded by

    Muhammad
    862 views4 pages
    This document provides an introduction to stoichiometry and chemical calculations. It defines stoichiometry as the calculation of quantities in chemical reactions using balanced chemical equations. It explains that balanced equations show the mole ratios of reactants and products, and that mole ratios allow stoichiometric problems to convert between moles, mass, and volume of substances. The key aspects are that balanced equations and mole ratios are required to solve stoichiometric problems.

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    CHEM12_C120

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    This document provides an introduction to stoichiometry and chemical calculations. It defines stoichiometry as the calculation of quantities in chemical reactions using balanced chemical equations. It explains that balanced equations show the mole ratios of reactants and products, and that mole ratios allow stoichiometric problems to convert between moles, mass, and volume of substances. The key aspects are that balanced equations and mole ratios are required to solve stoichiometric problems.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as doc, pdf, or txt
    862 views4 pages

    Chem12 C120

    Uploaded by

    Muhammad
    This document provides an introduction to stoichiometry and chemical calculations. It defines stoichiometry as the calculation of quantities in chemical reactions using balanced chemical equations. It explains that balanced equations show the mole ratios of reactants and products, and that mole ratios allow stoichiometric problems to convert between moles, mass, and volume of substances. The key aspects are that balanced equations and mole ratios are required to solve stoichiometric problems.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as doc, pdf, or txt
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    Stoichiometry deals with calculating quantities in chemical reactions using mole ratios derived from balanced chemical equations.

    You can determine the quantities of reactants and products in a chemical reaction by using mole ratios from a balanced chemical equation.

    A mole ratio is a conversion factor derived from the coefficients of a balanced chemical equation. Mole ratios are used to convert between mass and moles in stoichiometric problems.

    Name Class Date

    Stoichiometry

    THE MOLE AND QUANTIFYING MATTER, REACTIONS

    12.1 The Arithmetic of Equations


    Essential Understanding
    The law of conservation of mass applies to all chemical equations.

    Reading Strategy
    Vocabulary Word Map A vocabulary word map will help you learn vocabulary
    by associating the word with related words and images. Begin by writing the word
    stoichiometry in the top box.
    As you read Lesson 12.1, use the word map below to help you get a better understanding
    of the meaning of the word stoichiometry. As you read, fill in the other boxes with terms,
    phrases, or images that are associated with the word.

    stoichiometry

    moles mole
    ratio

    Lesson Summary
    Using Equations Stoichiometric calculations tell us the amounts of reactants and
    products under ideal conditions.
    Knowing the quantity of one substance in an equation allows you to calculate the
    amount of any other substance consumed or created in the reaction.

    Chemical Equations The solution to every stoichiometric problem requires a balanced


    chemical equation.
    In a balanced chemical equation, the total number of atoms of each element in the
    reactants must equal the total number of atoms of that element in the products.
    In a balanced chemical equation, the total mass of the reactants must equal the total
    mass of the products.
    170
    Name Class Date

    After reading Lesson 12.1, answer the following questions.

    Using Equations
    1. How can you determine the quantities of reactants and products in a chemical reaction?

    2. Quantity usually means the of a substance expressed in


    grams or moles.
    3. A bookcase is to be built from 3 shelves (Sh), 2 side boards (Sb), 1 top (T), 1 base (B), and
    4 legs (L). Write a balanced equation for the construction of this bookcase.

    4. Is the following sentence true or false? Stoichiometry is the calculation of quantities in


    chemical reactions.
    5. Calculations using balanced equations are called .

    Chemical Equations
    6. From what elements is ammonia produced? How is it used?

    7. Circle the letter of the term that tells what kind of information you CANNOT get from a
    chemical equation.
    a. moles
    b. mass
    c. size of particles
    d. volume
    e. number of particles
    8. The coefficients of a balanced chemical equation tell you the relative number of moles of
    and in a chemical reaction.
    9. Why is the relative number of moles of reactants and products the most important
    information that a balanced chemical equation provides?

    10. Is the following sentence true or false? A balanced chemical equation must obey the law
    of conservation of mass.

    171
    Name Class Date

    11. Use Figure 12.2 on page 389. Complete the table about the reaction of nitrogen and hydrogen.

    N2(g) + 3H2(g) 2NH (g)


    3

    atoms N + 6 atoms H atoms N and atoms H

    1 molecule N2 + molecules H2 molecules NH 3

    (6.02 1023 + 3 (6.02 1023 (6.02 10 23

    molecules N2) molecules H2) molecules NH3)


    1 mol N2 + mol H2 2 mol NH 3

    28 g N2 +3 g H2 2 g NH 3

    g reactants 34 g products
    Assume STP
    22.4 L N2 + 67.2 L H2 L NH3

    12. Circle the letter(s) of the items that are ALWAYS conserved in every chemical reaction.
    a. volume of gases d. moles
    b. mass e. molecules
    c. formula units f. atoms
    13. What reactant combines with oxygen to form sulfur dioxide? Where can this reactant be
    found in nature?

    12.2 Chemical Calculations


    Essential Understanding Amounts of reactants and products are always related by
    mole ratios.

    Lesson Summary
    Writing and Using Mole Ratios A mole ratio is a conversion factor derived from the
    coefficients of a balanced chemical equation.
    Mole ratios are used to convert between mass and moles in stoichiometric problems.
    The coefficients indicate the number of moles in a balanced equation.

    Other Stoichiometric Calculations The first step in solving stoichiometric problems is


    writing the balanced chemical equation.
    Moles are always involved when solving stoichiometric problems.
    Several mole ratios can be created from a balanced equation.

    172

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