Do Not Allow "Gravity". N MG: G Gravitational
Do Not Allow "Gravity". N MG: G Gravitational
Do Not Allow "Gravity". N MG: G Gravitational
(d) (Newton’s first law states that a body remains at rest or moves with) constant
velocity/steady speed/uniform motion unless external/net/resultant/unbalanced force
acts on it;
clear link that in this case there is constant/steady velocity so no resultant force; [2]
6. Kinematics and gravitation
(a) upwards (or away from the Moon) is taken as positive / downwards (or towards the
Moon) is taken as negative / towards the Earth is positive; [1]
(c) values for masses, distance and correct G substituted into Newton’s law;
see subtraction (ie r value = 3.84 × 108 − 1.74 × 106 =3.82 × 108 m);
F = 5.4 to 5.5 × 10–4 N / a = 2.7 × 10–3 m s–2;
comment that it’s insignificant compared with (0.2 × 1.63 =) 0.32 to 0.33 N /
1.63 m s–2; [4]
=
T 4.2 ×103 N to electric motor
12
friction
weight
(normal) reaction/N/R and weight/force of gravity/gravity force/gravitational
force/mg/w/W with correct directions;
friction/frictional force/F/Ff with arrow pointing down ramp along surface of
ramp; [2]
Do not allow “gravity” as label. Do not allow “drag” as label for friction.
(a) the net (external) force acting on the system is zero / no force acting on system /
system is isolated; [1]
(b) (i) no external force/system is isolated so change (do not accept momentum
in momentum is zero; is conserved/constant)
force on ball must be equal and opposite to force on the person;
so ball and person/Earth/pond move in opposite directions; [3]
(ii) Newton’s second law states that the rate of change of momentum is
equal/proportional/directly proportional to the force acting;
the horizontal force acting on the ball is zero therefore the momentum must
be constant/the rate of change of momentum is zero; [2]
or
Newton’s second law can be expressed as the force acting is equal to the
product of mass and acceleration;
the horizontal force acting on the ball is zero therefore the acceleration is
zero so velocity is constant (and therefore momentum is constant);
P 0.75 ×106
(c) F= or ;
v 44
17 kN; [2]
(ii) KE lost= 1
2
3.7 ×103 × 4.02 – 12 10 ×103 ×1.52 ;
= 18 kJ; [2]
(b) v
0
0 t1 t2 t
stone
(c) identifies the system as rocket + exhaust gases / total momentum of rocket and gas
is equal before and after; (it must be clear that this is the system, a mention of
rocket and gases is not enough)
no external forces act on this system / closed system;
increase/change in momentum of the gases is equal and opposite to the
increase/change of momentum of the rocket; [3]