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    This document discusses non-conventional energy resources in India, including their need, present status, and installed capacity. It notes that conventional energy sources are diminishing and causing pollution problems. Non-conventional sources like solar, wind, and biofuels are discussed in terms of their potential and current usage in India. Solar and wind have seen increasing capacity but generation costs remain high. Geothermal and biofuels are at early stages of development. As of 2013, thermal sources accounted for 66.91% of installed capacity in India, while hydro was 18.61% and non-conventional renewable energy sources were 12.20%.

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    This document discusses non-conventional energy resources in India, including their need, present status, and installed capacity. It notes that conventional energy sources are diminishing and causing pollution problems. Non-conventional sources like solar, wind, and biofuels are discussed in terms of their potential and current usage in India. Solar and wind have seen increasing capacity but generation costs remain high. Geothermal and biofuels are at early stages of development. As of 2013, thermal sources accounted for 66.91% of installed capacity in India, while hydro was 18.61% and non-conventional renewable energy sources were 12.20%.

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    This document discusses non-conventional energy resources in India, including their need, present status, and installed capacity. It notes that conventional energy sources are diminishing and causing pollution problems. Non-conventional sources like solar, wind, and biofuels are discussed in terms of their potential and current usage in India. Solar and wind have seen increasing capacity but generation costs remain high. Geothermal and biofuels are at early stages of development. As of 2013, thermal sources accounted for 66.91% of installed capacity in India, while hydro was 18.61% and non-conventional renewable energy sources were 12.20%.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    165 views3 pages

    Ncer

    Uploaded by

    aishwarya
    This document discusses non-conventional energy resources in India, including their need, present status, and installed capacity. It notes that conventional energy sources are diminishing and causing pollution problems. Non-conventional sources like solar, wind, and biofuels are discussed in terms of their potential and current usage in India. Solar and wind have seen increasing capacity but generation costs remain high. Geothermal and biofuels are at early stages of development. As of 2013, thermal sources accounted for 66.91% of installed capacity in India, while hydro was 18.61% and non-conventional renewable energy sources were 12.20%.

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    of 3

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    com

    Non-Conventional Energy Resources


    Unit-I
    Introduction: Various non-conventional energy resources- Introduction, availability, classification, relative merits & demerits.
    Theory of solar cells, Solar cell materials, Solar cell array, Solar cell power plant, Limitation.

    1.1 Energy: Energy can be defined as the capacity of any object to do work.
    The study of various forms of energy and its conversion from one form to another is called energy
    science. The applied part of energy science useful to human beings is called the energy science.
    1.2 Indian and Global Energy Sources: Energy sources may be classified in to the following types:
    1. Primary & Secondary energy sources, 2. Commercial & Non-commercial sources, 3. Renewable & Non-
    renewable energy sources.
    1.2.1 Primary & Secondary energy sources:
    Primary energy sources are those which are found or Secondary energy sources are usually converted from
    stored in nature. primary energy sources.
    e.g. coal, oil, natural gas and biomass like wood etc. e.g. the electricity sources converted from oil, natural
    Other primary energy sources are as found on earth gas or coal etc.
    are nuclear energy from radioactive substances,
    geothermal energy, potential energy due to earths
    gravity etc.

    1.2.2 Commercial & Non-commercial energy sources:


    Commercial energy sources are those which are Non-commercial energy sources are those which are
    available in the market and can purchased at a definite not available in commercial market for a price. These
    price from the producing agencies. are also called traditional fuels.
    e.g. electricity, coal, oil etc. e.g. agro waste, animal dung etc.

    1.2.3 Renewable & Non-renewable energy sources.


    Renewable energy is energy obtained from the Non-renewable energy is the conventional fossil
    sources that are essentially inexhaustible. fuels such as coal, oil, gas etc. This form of energy is
    Examples of renewable resources include wind exhaustible and likely to deplete with time.
    power, solar power, geothermal energy etc.

    1.3 Non-conventional Energy Sources Relevant to India:


    There is separate Ministry in the Government of India to exclusively focus on this important area of
    power generation. National Electricity Policy lays down that the state Electricity Regulators Commissions
    should prescribe a proportion of power which should be produced and supplied to the grid through the non-
    conventional sources.
    1.3.1 Need to develop Non-conventional Sources of Energy:
    1. Conventional sources are energy are reducing with phrase of time. e.g. oil is likely to last upto 2025 and coal
    another 200 years.
    2. Conventional sources are one of the main cause of air pollution which is causing global warming and
    climate change.
    By: DEEPAK PANDEY email: [email protected] Page 1
    www.uptunotes.com

    3. It causing reduction in agricultural production per capita.


    4. Reduced fresh water supply.
    1.3.2 Present Status of Non-conventional Energy Sources:
    (i) Solar Energy:
    A potential for 30MW/km2 in India.
    Solar Photovoltaic (SPV) contributes 2.5% of power generation from renewable energy. It aggregate
    capacity of 47 MW have deployed for various applications.
    Maximum efficiency possible below 30%. But Carbon Nano Tube (CNT) based PV cell hold promise of
    higher efficiency upto 35%.
    Generation cost is still 4 times higher than a thermal power plant.
    Gujarat has been a leader in solar power generation and contributes 2/3rd of the 900 MW of photo-
    voltaics in the country.
    (ii) Wind energy scenario:
    India ranks fifth amongst the wind-energy-producing countries of the world after USA, China, Germany
    and Spain and produces 12009 MW as on 30 June 2011.
    Gross wind energy potential: 65,000 MW and technical potential: 45,000 MW.
    States with high potential: Tamil Nadu, Gujarat, Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Kerala, Maharashtra.
    Capital cost of wind power projects ranges from Rs. 5-6 crore/MW and the cost of generation is
    estimated to be Rs. 2.5-3/kwh.
    (iii) Bio-fuels:
    These fuels are in preliminary stages of development, and will take several years to develop.
    But no surplus oil seeds available for bio-fuels. In this case, Jatropha seems to available alternative.
    India has 60 million acres waste-land, and 30 million of that is suitable for Jatropha plantation.
    (iv) Geothermal Energy:
    Geothermal energy supplies more than 10,715 MW to 24 countries worldwide which is expected to
    generate 67,246 GWh of electricity in 2010.
    It is reliable source of energy which is available continuously throughout the year and independent of
    weather condition.
    India has reasonably good potential for geothermal; the potential geothermal provinces can
    produce 10,600 MW of power.
    At present there are no operational geothermal plants in India. There is also no installed geothermal
    electricity generating capacity as of now and only direct uses (eg.Drying) have been detailed.
    Indias Gujarat state is drafting a policy to promote geothermal energy.
    Potential Sites:
    (a) Puga Valley (J&K), (b)Tatapani (Chhattisgarh), (c)Godavari Basin Manikaran (Himachal Pradesh)
    (d) Bakreshwar (West Bengal), (e) Tuwa (Gujarat), (f) Unai (Maharashtra), (g) Jalgaon (Maharashtra).

    By: DEEPAK PANDEY email: [email protected] Page 2


    www.uptunotes.com

    1.4 Installed Power Generation Capacity In India (as on 30th March 2013):

    Fuel MW %age
    Total Thermal 141713.68 66.91
    Coal 121619.88 57.42
    Gas 18903.05 8.92
    Oil 1199.75 0.56
    Hydro 39416.40 18.61
    Nuclear 4780.00 2.25
    RES (MNRE) 25,856.14 12.20
    Total 2,11,766.22 100

    1.5 Sector-wise allocation:

    Sector MW %age
    State Sector 86,343.35 40.77
    Central Sector 62,963.63 29.73
    Private Sector 62,459.24 29.50
    Total 2,11,76.22

    By: DEEPAK PANDEY email: [email protected] Page 3

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