50 CHEMICAL THERMODYNAMICS

Objective Questions
Level I
1. A gas occupies 2 litre at STP,. It is provide 300 joule heat so that its volume becomes 2.5 litre
at 1 atm. The change in its internal energy is :
(A) zero (B) 249.37 j (C) 149.18 j (D) 124.18 j
2. Two litre of N2 at 0C and 5 atm pressure are expanded isothermally against a constant
external pressure of 1 atm until the pressure of gas reaches 1 atm. work of expansion is :
[ assuming gas to be ideal ]
(A) 710.10 j (B) 610.10 j (C) 810.10 j (D) none
3. For a reaction at 25C enthalpy change (H) & entropy change (S) are 11.7 103 J mol1
and 105 J mol1 K1 respectively, then the reaction will be :
(A) spontaneous (B) non spontaneous (C) reversible (D) irreversible
4. The diagram show a P V graph of thermodynamic behaviour of an ideal gas. The complete
work done in process , A B C D A is :

(A) zero (B) 6000 J (C) 1000 J (D) 5000 J

5. Standard heat enthalpy of Fe2O3 and Al2O3 are 196.5 and 399.1 kcal, then H for
2Al + Fe2O3 2Fe + Al2O3 will be :
(A) 202.6 kcal (B) 102.6 kcal (C) 152. 4 kcal (D) 188.7 kcal
6. For which of the following reaction, will H be equal to E .
1
(A) H2(g) + 2
O2(g) H2O(l) (B) H2(g) + I2(g) 2HI(g)
(C) 2NO2(g) N2O4(g) (D) 2SO3(g) 2SO2(g) + O2(g)
7. The enthalpies of all elements in their standard state at 25C and one atmospheric pressure are
(A) same (B) always positive (C) always negative (D) zero
1
8. For a reaction M2O(s) 2M(s) + 2
O2(g); H = 30 kJ mol1 & S = 0.07 kJ K1 mol1
at 1 atm. The reaction would not be spontaneous at temperature :
(A) < 428.57 K (B) > 428.57 K (C) 428.57 K (D) 273 K
9. Although the dissolution of ammonium chloride in water is an endothermic reaction , even
then it is spontaneous because :
(A) H is positive, S is ve (B) H is +ve, S is zero
(C) H is positive, TS < H (D) H is +ve, S is positive and H < TS

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10. From the thermochemical reactions ,
1
C(graphite) + 2
O2 CO ; H = 110.5 kJ
1
CO + 2
O2 CO2 ; H = 283.2 kJ
the heat of reaction of C(graphite) + O2 CO2 is :
(A) +393.7 kJ (B) 393.7 kJ (C) 172.7 kJ (D) +172.7 kJ

3
11. H and E for the reaction S(s) + O (g) SO3(g) are related as :
2 2
(A) H = E 0.5 RT (B) H = E 1.5 RT
(C) H = E + RT (D) H = E + 1.5 RT
12. A process is spontaneous at all temperature if :
(A)H > 0 and S > 0 (B) H > 0 and S < 0
(C) H = 0 and S < 0 (D) H < 0 and S > 0
13. For which reaction from the following, S will be maximum ?
(A) Ca(s) + O2(g) CaO(s) (B) CaCO3(s) CaO(s) + CO2(g)
(C) C(s) + O2(g) CO2(g) (D) N2(g) + O2(g) 2NO(g)
14. The heat of formation (Hf) of H2O(l) is equal to :
(A) zero (B) molar heat of combustion of H2(l)
(C) molar heat of combustion of H2(g) (D) sum of heat of formation of H2O(g) and O2(g)
15. In the evaporation of water, the entropy :
(A) decreases (B) increases
(C) does not change (D) sometimes increases, sometimes decreases

Level II
1. The heat of ionisation of formic acid is 1.5 kJ/mol; 9.2 g formic acid on reaction with 7 g
ammonium hydroxide evolves 10.8 kJ of heat . The heat of ionisation of ammonium
hydroxide is : [ 1 cal = 4.2 J ]
(A) 1.02 kJ/mol (B) 2.04 kJ/mol (C) 3.54 kJ/mol (D) 10.8 kJ/mol
2. For the reactions , (i) H2(g) + Cl2(g) = 2HCl(g) + x kJ
(ii) H2(g) + Cl2(g) = 2HCl(l) + y kJ
which one of the following statements is correct ?
(A) x > y (B) x < y (C) x y =0 (D) x = y
3. The heat of neutralisation of strong base and strong acid is 57.0 kJ. The heat released when
0.5 mole of HNO3 solution is added to 0.20 mole of NaOH solution is :
(A) 57.0 kJ (B) 28.5 kJ (C) 11.40 kJ (D) 34.9 kJ
4. The standard heat of formation of sodium ions in aqueous solution from the following data :
Heat of formation of NaOH (aq) at 25C = 470.7 kJ
Heat of formation of OH (aq) at 25C = 228.8 kJ is :
(A) 251.9 kJ (B) 241.9 kJ (C) 241.9 kJ (D) 251.9 kJ
5. One mole of anhydrous MgCl2 dissolves in water and liberates 25cal/mol of heat. Hhydration of
MgCl2 = 30 cal/mol. Heat of dissolution of MgCl2.H2O is
(A) + 5 cal/mol (B) 5 cal/mol (C) 55 cal/mol (D) 55 cal/mol

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6. Following enthalpy changes are given

-D glucose (s) -D glucose (aq) H = 10.72 kJ
-D glucose (s) -D glucose (aq) H = 4.68 kJ
-D glucose (s) -D glucose (aq) H = 1.16 kJ
Calculate enthalpy change in
-D glucose (s) -D glucose (s)
(A) 14.24 kJ (B) 16.56 kJ (C) 7.2 kJ (D) 4.88 kJ
7. The value of H for the reaction Cu+(g) + I (g) CuI(g) is 446 kJ mol1. If the
ionisation energy of Cu(g) is 745 kJ mol1 and the electron affinity of I(g) is 295 kJ mol1, then
the value of H for the formation of one mole of CuI(g) from Cu(g) and I(g) is :
(A) 446 kJ (B) 450 kJ (C) 594 kJ (D) 4 kJ
8. AB, A2 and B2 are diatomic molecules. If the bond enthalpies of A2, AB and B2 are in the ratio
1 : 1 : 0.5 and the enthalpy of formation of AB from A2 and B2 is 100 kJ mol1, what is the
bond enthalpy of A2 ?
(A) 400 kJ mol1 (B) 200 kJ mol1 (C) 100 kJ mol1 (D) 300 kJ mol1
9. Hf(x) , Hf(y) Hf(R) and Hf(S) denotes the enthalpies of formation of x, y, R and S respectively.
The enthalpy of the reaction, x + y R + S is given by :
(A) Hf(x) + Hf(y) (B) Hf(R) + Hf(S)
(C) Hf(x) + Hf(y) Hf(R) Hf(S) (D) Hf(R) + Hf(S) Hf(x) Hf(y)
10. If H+ + OH = H2O + 13.7 kcal, then heat of complete neutralisation of one gram mole of
H2SO4 with strong base will be :
(A) 13.7 kcal (B) 27.4 kcal (C) 6.85 kcal (D) 3.425 kcal
11. In which of the following neutralization reactions, the heat of neutralization will be highest ?
(A) HCl and NaOH (B) CH3COOH and NaOH
(C) CH3COOH and NH4OH (D) HCl and NH4OH
1
12. If H2 + 2
O2 H2O ; H = 68.09 kcal
1
K + H2O + water KOH (aq) + 2
H2 H = 48.0 kcal
KOH + water KOH (aq) H = 14.0 kcal
the heat of formation of KOH is :
(A) 68.39 + 48 14.0 (B) 68.3948.0 +14.0
(C) +68.3948.0 + 14.0 (D) +68.39 + 48.0 14.0
13. The heat of combustion of yellow phosphorus and red phosphorus are 9.91 kJ and 8.78 kJ
respectively. The heat of transition of yellow phosphorus to red phosphorus is :
(A) 18.69 kJ (B) + 1.13 kJ (C) + 18.69 kJ (D) 1.13 kJ
14. In which of the following change entropy decreases :
(A) crystallisation of sucrose from solution (B) dissolving sucrose in water
(C) melting of ice (D) vaporisation of camphor
15. If enthalpy of vaporisation of water is 186.5 kJ/mol, the entropy of vaporisation will be :
(A) 0.5 (B) 1.0 (C) 1.5 (D) 2.0

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Level III
1. In an isothermal irreversible expansion of an ideal gas :
(A) U = 0 (B) q = nRT[1 - P2/P1]
(C) H 0 (D) all of these
2. Which of the following mathematical relations are correct for an ideal gas ?
H H C V
(A) V = 0 (B) p = 0 (C) Cp CV > R (D) V = 0
T T T
3. An adiabatic process is one in which
(A) all energy is transferred as heat
(B) no energy is transferred as heat
(C) the temperature of a gas decreases in a reversible adiabatic expansion
(D) dU dW
4. When the gas ideal and the process is isothermal :
(A) p1V1 = p2V2 (B) U1 = U2 (C) H1 H2 (D) W = 0
5. Which of the following statements are correct ?
(A) the work done by the system on the surroundings is negative
(B) the work done on the system by the surroundings is positive
(C) the heat absorbed by the system from the surroundings is positive
(D) the heat absorbed by the surroundings from the system is negative
6. Which of the following is a path function as well as an extensive property ?
(A) temperature (B) internal energy
(C) molar heat capacity (D) heat capacity
7. For ideal diatomic gases :
(A) Cp = (7/2)R (B) Cp = (3/2)R (C) CV = (5/2)R (D) CV = (3/2)R
8. When a solid melts there will be :
(A) an increase in enthalpy (B) a decrease in free energy
(C) no change in enthalpy (D) a decrease in internal energy
9. Which of the following are thermodynamically stable ?
(A) C(diamond) (B) C(graphite) (C) P4(white) (D) P4(red)
10. The standard molar enthalpy of CO2 is equal to
(A) the standard molar enthalpy of combustion of gaseous carbon
(B) the standard molar enthalpy of combustion of carbon (graphite)
(C) the sum of the standard molar enthalpies of formation of CO and O2
(D) - 394 kJ mol-1
11. Which of the following statements are correct ?
(A) the entropy of an isolated system increases in an irreversible process
(B) the entropy of an isolated system remains unchanged in a reversible process
(C) Entropy can never decrease
(D) S(system) as well as (surroundings) are negative quantities

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12. Which of the following statements are correct ?

(A) when G = 0, the system is at equilibrium
(B) when G < 0, the process will be spontaneous
(C) when G is negative, the process is said to be exergonic
(D) when G is positive, the process is said to be endergonic
13. Which of the following relations are correct ?
( G )
(A) G = H - TS (B) G = H + T T
p
(C) G = H + TS (D) G = H + nRT
14. In the fallowing table, which of the options are correct ?
H S Nature of reaction
(A) (-) (+) spontaneous at all temperatures
(B) (+) (-) nonspontaneous regardless of temperature
(C) (+) (+) spontaneous only at high temperature
(D) (-) (-) spontaneous only at low temperature
15. For an ideal gas :
E E E E
(A) T = 0 (B) T = 0 (C) T = 0 (D) V = 0
P V T T

1
16. C(s) O
2 2
CO(g), H = 26 kcal mol1
1
CO(g) + O (g)
2 2
CO2(g), H = 68 kcal mol1
Which is/are correct statement(s) ?
(A) heat of formation of CO2 is 68 kcal mol1
(B) heat of combustion of C(s) is 26 kcal mol1
(C) heat of combustion of CO(g) 68 kcal mol1
(D) heat of formation of CO(g) is 26 kcal mol1
17. Variation of heat of reaction with temperature is given by Kirchoffs equation which is :
H 2 H1
(A) H2 = H1 + CP(T2 T1) (B) = CP
T
d( H )
(C) = CP (D) None of these
T
18. The factors that influence the heat of reaction are :
(A) the physical state of reactants and products
(B) the temperature
(C) the pressure or volume
(D) the method by which the final products are obtained

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Level IV
Instruction : From Question (1 to 7) match the items under list (1) with items under list (2) .
Select the correct answers from the sets (A), (B), (C) and (D).
1. Match the following :
Column I Column II
(i) A process carried out infinitesimally slowly (a) E = 0, H = 0
(ii) A process in equilibrium (b) sublimation
(iii) A(s) A(g) (c) G = 0
(iv) Cyclic process (d) reversible
(A) i-c, ii-d, iii-a, iv-b (B) i-c, ii-d, iii-b, iv-a
(C) i-d, ii-c, iii-a, iv-b (D) i-d, ii-c, iii-b, iv-a
2. Match the following
Column I Column II
(i) Extensive properties P, V & T (a) density (at constant pressure)
(ii) closed system (b) bursting of tyre
(iii) path function (c) additive in nature
(iv) adiabatic (d) E constant
(v) intensive properties (e) heat
(A) i-c, ii-d, iii-e, iv-b, v-a (B) i-d, ii-c, iii-b, iv-e, v-a
(C) i-c, ii-e, iii-d, iv-b, v-a (D) i-e, ii-d, iii-c, iv-a, v-b
4. Match the following
Column I Column II
(i) Exothermic (a) H positive
(ii) Endothermic (b) Hf(P) Hf(R)
(iii) Heat of reaction (c) H negative
(iv) Change in free energy (d) BER BEP
(v) Spontaneous process (e) G negative
(f) H TS
(A) i-c, ii-a, iii-bd, iv-f, v-e (B) i-d, ii-c, iii-b, iv-e, v-a
(C) i-c, ii-e, iii-d, iv-b, v-a (D) i-e, ii-d, iii-c, iv-a, v-b
5. Match the following
Column I Column II
(i) Enthalpy change at constant pressure (a) E = q + w
(ii) First law of thermodynamics (b) qP ngRT
(iii) Enthalpy change at constant volume (c) E + PV
q rev
(iv) Change in degree of randomness (d)
Tinitial

(e) qV + ngRT
(A) i-e c , ii-a , iii-b , iv-d (B) i-c e , ii-b , iii-a , iv-d
(C) i-c , ii-a , iii-b , iv-d (D) i-e c , ii-a , iii-d , iv-b

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6. Match the following

Column I Column II
G H S T
(i) non spontaneous, exothermic (a) ve +ve +ve high
(ii) spontaneous, endothermic (b) +ve +ve +ve low
(iii) non spontaneous, increase in entropy (c) +ve ve ve high
(A) i-c , ii-a , iii-b (B) i-a , ii-b , iii-c
(C) i-b , ii-a , iii-c (D) i-c , ii-b , iii-a
7. Match the following
(i) Heat of formation (a) + ve
(ii) Heat of combustion (b) ve
(iii) Heat of neutralization (c) zero
(iv) Heat of dissociation of strong electrolyte
(A) i-a b , ii-b , iii-c , iv-c (B) i-a c , ii-b , iii-b , iv-c
(C) i-a b , ii-c , iii-b , iv-c (D) i-c , ii-b a , iii-b , iv-c

Subjective Questions
Level I
1. A gas present in a cylinder fitted with a frictionless piston expands against a constant
pressure of 1 atm from a volume of 2 litre to a volume of 6 litre. In doing so, it absorbs 800 J
heat from surroundings. Determine increase in internal energy of process.
2. Work done is expansion of an ideal gas from 4 litre to 6 litre against a constant external
pressure of 2.5 atm was used to heat up 1 mole of water at 293 K. If specific heat of water is
4.184 J g1 K1, what is the final temperature of water ?
3. What work is to be done on 2 mole of a perfect gas at 27C if it is compressed reversibly
and isothermally from a pressure of 1.01 105 Nm2 to 5.05 106 Nm2 ? Also calculate the
free energy change.
4. The molar heats of combustion of C2H2(g), C(graphite) and H2(g) are 310.62, 94.05 and
68.32 kcal respectively. Calculate heat of formation of C2H2.
5. From the standard enthalpies of combustion given below in (kJ mol1) and standard enthalpy
of acetylene, find the standard enthalpy change when acetylene is hydrogenated to ethane.
C = 394, H2 = 286, C2H6 = 1560, C2H2 = +227
6. Given below are some standard heats of reaction :
(a) heat of formation of water = 68.3 kcal
(b) heat of combustion of acetylene = 310.6 kcal
(c) heat of combustion of ethylene = 337.2 kcal
Calculate the heat of reaction for the hydrogenation of acetylene at constant volume at 25C.
7. Calculate the resonance energy of C6H6 using Kekule formula for C6H6 from the following
data.
(a) Hf for C6H6 = 358.5 kJ mol1
(b) heat of atomisation of C = 715.8 kJ mol1
(c) bond energy of C H, C C, C = C and H H are 490, 340, 620, 436.9 kJ mol1
respectively.

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8. Calculate the change in entropy for the fusion of 1 mole of ice. The melting point of ice is
273 K and molar enthalpy of fusion for ice = 6.0 kJ mol1.
9. Calculate entropy change for vaporization of 1 mole of liquid water to steam at 100 C if
Hv = 40.8 kJ mol1.
10. When 12.0 g of carbon reacted with oxygen to form CO and CO2 at 25C and constant
pressure , 75.0 kcal of heat was liberated and no carbon remained. Calculate the mass of
oxygen needed for it and the mole of CO and CO2 formed. Given Hf CO2 = 94.05 and
Hf CO = 26.41 kcal mol1.
11. Calculate the enthalpy of vaporisation for water from the following :
1
H2(g) + 2
O2 (g) H2O(g) H = 57.0 kcal
1
H2(g) + 2
O2(g) H2O (l) H = 68.3 kcal
Also calculate the heat required to change 1 g of H2O(l) to H2O(g).
12. Calculate the heat of dissociation of N2O4 into NO2 from the data :
N2 + O2 2NO ; H = +43.10 kcal .........(1)
N2 + 2O2 N2O4 ; H = 1.870 kcal .........(2)
2NO2 2NO + O2 ; H = +26.10 kcal .........(3)
13. Benzene burns in O2 according to the equation :
15
C6H6(l) + 2
O2(g) 3H2O(g) + 6CO2(g)
If standard heat enthalpy of C6H6(l) ; H2O (g) and CO2(g) are 11.7, 68.3 and 94.0 kcal
respectively, calculate the amount of heat liberated by burning 1 kg benzene.
14. Calculate the enthalpy change when infinitely dilute solutions of CaCl2 and Na2CO3 are mixed.
Hf for Ca+2(aq), CO32(aq) and CaCO3(s) are 129.80, 161.65, 288.50 kcal mol1
respectively.
15. Calculate the CC bond energy from the following data :
(a) C(s) C(g) H = 170.9 kcal
1
(b) 2
H2 H(g) H = 52.1 kcal
(c) heat of formation of ethane = 20.3kcal
(d) C H bond energy = 99.0 kcal

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Level II
1. The heat evolved on combustion of 1.00 g of starch, (C6H10O5)x, into CO2(g) and H2O(l) is
4.18 kcal . Compute the standard enthalpy of formation of 1.00 g of starch.
Given : Hf H2O(l) = 68.32 kcal mol1, H f CO2(g) = 94.05 kcal mol1.
2. Calculate the heat produced when 3.785 lit of octane (C8H18) reacts with oxygen to form
CO and water vapour at 25C. The density of octane is 0.7025 g/ml. Heat of combustion of
C8H18 is 1302.7 kcal/mol.
Hf CO2(g) = 94.05 kcal mol1
Hf CO(g) = 26.41 kcal mol1
Hf H2O(l) = 68.32 kcal mol1
Hf H2O(g) = 57.79 kcal mol1
3. (i) Cis-2-butene trans-2-butene, H1
(ii) Cis-2-butene 1-butene, H2
(iii) Trans-2-butene is more stable than Cis-2-butene
(iv) Enthalpy of combustion of 1-butene, H = 649.8 kcal/mol
(v) 9H1 + 5H2 = 0
(vi) Enthalpy of combustion of trans 2-butene, H = 647.1 kcal/mol.
Calculate H1 and H2 ?
4. Calculate bond energy of Xe F from the following data
Ionization energy of Xe = 279 kcal/mol
Electron affinity of F = 85 kcal/mol
Bond energy of F F = 38 kcal/mol
and enthalpy change for the reaction:
XeF4(g) Xe+(g) + F (g) + F2(g) + F(g), H = 292 kcal
5. Using the data (all values are in kJ/mol at 25C) given below :
Hcombustion (ethane) = 1559.8
Hcombustion (ethene) = 1410.9
Hcombustion (acetylene) = 1299.7
Hcombustion (acetaldehyde) = 1192.3
Hf CO2(g) = 393.5
Hf of H2O(l) = 285.8
Hf for C (graphite) C(g) = 716.68
Bond energy of H H = 435.94
Bond energy of O = O = 498.34
Calculate the following bond energies :
(i) C C (ii) C H (iii) C = O (iv) C = C (v) C C
6. The heat of neutralization of :
(i) CHCl2 COOH by NaOH is 12830 cal
(ii) HCl by NaOH is 13680 cal
(iii) NH4OH by HCl is 12270 cal.
What is the heat of neutralization of dichloroacetic acid by NH4OH ?
Calculate also the heats of ionization of dichloroacetic acid and NH4OH.

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7. In the reaction ,
AB2(l) + 3X2(g) AX2(g) + 2BX2(g)
H = 270 kcal/mol
The enthalpies of formation of AX2(g) and BX2(g) are in the ratio of 4 : 3 and have opposite
sign. Calculate the values of heats of formations for AX2 and BX2. Heat of formation of AB2(l)
is + 30 kcal/mol.
8. Enthalpy of neutralization for HClO4 & Cl3C COOH are 13.5 kcal eq1 & 14.7 kcal eq1
respectively. When 40 g of solid NaOH is added to a mixture of 1 g equivalent of HClO4
and 1 g equivalent of Cl3C COOH, sodium perchlorate and sodium trichloroacetate are
formed in the molar ratio 3 : 1. Then calculate the total weight of remaining acids in the
mixture and the amount of heat evolved.
9. The heat of combustion of ethane gas is 368 kcal/mol. Assuming that 60% of the heat is
useful, how many m3 of ethane measured at STP must be burnt to supply enough heat to
convert 50 kg of water at 10C to steam at 100C ? Specific heat of water is 1 cal/g. Heat of
vaporisation of H2O is 540 cal/g.
10. The dissolution of 1 mole of NaOH(s) in 100 mole of H2O(l) give rise to evolution of heat as
42.34 kJ. However if 1 mole of NaOH (s) is dissolved in 1000 mole of H2O(l) the heat given
out is 42.76 kJ. What would be enthalpy change when 900 mole of H2O(l) are added to a
solution containing 1 mole of NaOH(s) in 100 mole of H2O.
11. Calculate heat of dissociation for acetic acid from the following data :
CH3COOH + NaOH CH3COONa + H2O H = 13.2 kcal
H + OH H2O
+
H = 13.7 kcal
Also calculate heat of dissociation for NH4OH if,
HCl + NH4OH NH4Cl + H2O H = 12.27 kcal
12. 2.48 g of solid white P(P4) was burnt in O2 to form solid P4O10 along with 60.066 kJ heat
evolution. When same weight of P in gaseous phase was burnt in O2 to form solid P4O10, the
amount of energy released was equal to 60.363 kJ. Calculate heat of sublimation of white P.
[ At. wt. of P = 31 ]

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Level III

XI NCERT QUESTION
1. Choose the correct answer. A thermodynamic state function is a quantity
(A) Used to determine heat changes
(B) Whose value is independent of path
(C) Used to determine pressure volume work
(D) Whose value depends on temperature
2. For the process to occur under adiabatic conditions, the correct condition is :
(A) T = 0 (B) P = 0 (C) q = 0 (D) w = 0
3. The enthalpies of all elements in their standard states are :
(A) unity (B) zero (C) < 0 (D) different for each element
4. U of combustion of methane is X kJ mol1. The value of H is :
(A) = U (B) > U (C) < U (D) = 0
5. Enthalpy of combustion of methane, graphite & dihydrogen at 298 K are 890.3 kJ mol1
393.5 kJ mol1, and 285.8 kJ mol1 respectively. Enthalpy of formation of CH4(g) will be
(A) 74.8 kJ mol1 (B) 52.27 kJ mol1 (C) +74.8 kJ mol1 (D) +52.26 kJ mol1
6. A reaction , A + B C + D + q is found to have a positive entropy change. The reaction
will be :
(A) possible at high temperature (B) possible only at low temperature
(C) not possible at any temperature (D) possible at any temperature
7. In a process, 701 J of heat is absorbed by a system and 394 J of work is done by the system.
what is the change in internal energy for the process ?
8. The reaction of cyanamide, NH2CN(s), with dioxygen was carried out in a bomb calorimeter,
and U was found to be 742.7 kJ mol1 at 298 K. Calculate enthalpy change for the
reaction at 298 K .
NH2CN(g) + 32 O2(g) N (g) + CO2(g) + H2O(l)

9. Calculate the number of kJ of heat necessary to raise the temperature of 60.0 g of

aluminium from 35C to 55C. Molar heat capacity of Al is 24 J mol1 K1 .
10. Calculate the enthalpy change on freezing of 1.0 mol of water at 10.0C to ice at 10.0C.
fusH = 6.03 kJ mol1 at 0C.
Cp(H2O(l)] = 75.3. J mol1 K1 Cp[H2O(s)] = 36.8 J mol1K1
11. Enthalpy of combustion of carbon to CO2 is 393.5 kJ mol1. calculate the heat released upon
formation of 35.2 g of CO2 from carbon and dioxygen gas.
12. Enthalpies of formation of CO(g), CO2(g) , N2O (g) and N2O4 (g) are 110, 393.81 and
9.7 kJ mol1 respectively . Find the value of rH for the reaction :
N2O4(g) + 3CO(g) N2O(g) + 3CO2(g)
13. Given
N2(g) + 3H2(g) 2NH3(g) ; rH = 92.4 kJ mol1
What is the standard enthalpy of formation of NH3 gas ?

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CHEMICAL THERMODYNAMICS 61
14. Calculate the standard enthalpy of formation of CH3OH(l) from the following data:
CH3OH(l) + 3 O2(g) CO2(g) + 2H2O(l) ; rH = = 726. kJ mol1
2
C(g) + O2(g) CO2(g) ; cH = 393 kJ mol1
1
H2(g) + O (g)
2 2
O(I) ; fH = 286 kJ mol1

15. Calculate the enthalpy change of the process

CCl4(g) C(g) 4Cl(g)
and calculate bond enthalpy of C Cl in CCl4(g) .
vapH(CCl4) = 30.5 kJ mol1
fH (CCl4) = 135.5 kJ mol1
a H (C) = 715.0 kJ mol1, where a H is enthalpy of atomization
a H (Cl2) = 242 kJ mol1
16. For an isolated system U = 0 . What will be S ?
17. For the reaction at 298 K
2A + B C
H = 400 kJ mol1 and S = 0.2 kJ K1 mol1
At what temperature will the reaction become spontaneous considering H and S to be
constant over the temperature range.
18. For the reaction , 2 Cl(g) Cl2(g) , what are the signs of H and S ?
19. For the reaction , 2A(g) + B(g) 2D(g)
U = 10.5 kJ and S = 44.1 JK1
Calculate G for the reaction, and predict whether the reaction may occur spontaneously.
20. The equilibrium constant for a reaction is 10. What will be the value of G ?
R = 8.314 JK1 , T = 300 K .
21. Comment on the thermodynamic stability of NO(g), given
1 1
2
N2(g) + O (g)
2 2
rH = 90 kJ mol1
1
NO(g) + O (g)
2 2
NO2(g) : rH = 74 kJ mol1

22. Calculate the entropy change in surrounding when 1.00 mol of H2O(l) is formed under standard
conditions. fH = 286 kJ mol1

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 62 CHEMICAL THERMODYNAMICS

CBSE QUESTIONS
1. Indicate whether the entropy increases or decreases in the following changes. Give reasons
also.
(i) CaCO3(s) CaO(s) + CO2(g) [ 1988 ]
(ii) 2SO2(g) + O2(g) 2SO3(g) [ 1989 ]
(iii) evaporation of water [ 1990 ]
2. How is the concept of coupling of reaction useful in explaining the occurrence of a non
spontaneous reaction . Show with the help of a diagram how does Gibbs energy change, with
the extent of a reaction.
OR
Explain how the concept of coupling of reactions is useful in carrying out a non spontaneous
reaction.
[ 1991 ]
3. Is the entropy of the universe constant? [ 1992 ]
4. What is the sign of S for a spontaneous change? [ 1992 ]
5. State the thermodynamic conditions of spontaneous occurrence of a process. [ 1993 ]
6. Calculate the equilibrium constant for the following reaction at 298 K and 1 atm pressure.
CO(g) + 3H2(g) CH4(g) + H2O(l)
Given : fH at 298 K for CO(g) = 110.5 kJ mol1; CH4(g) = 74.8 kJ mol1,
0

H2O(l) = 286.0 kJ mol1, S0 for the reaction at 298 K = 333.3 JK1 mol1,
R = 8.31 JK1 mol1. [ 1996 ]
7. For a reaction , K = 1.958 104 at 400 K. What is the value of G at this temperature .
[ R = 8.314JK1 mol1 ] [ 1997 ]
8. Define the term entropy. How does TS determine the spontaneity of a process ?
[ 1998 ]
9. What are state variables ? [ 1998 ]
10. (a) Illustrate with an example what is meant by standard free energy of formation of a
compound
(b) State the relationship between standard free energy change the equilibrium constant of
a chemical reaction.
(c) The equilibrium constant at 25 for the process.
CO3+ (aq) + 6NH3 (aq) [Co(NH3)6]3+ (aq)
is 2.0 107 . Calculate the value of G0 at 25.0 C
In which direction is the reaction spontaneous when reactants and product are
understandard conditions ? [ 1999 ]
11. What is the relation between equilibrium constant and free energy change? [ 1999 ]
12. Define standard free energy of formation. [ 1999 ]
13. What is the equilibrium constant, K for the following reaction at 400 K ?
2NOCl(g) 2NO(g) + Cl2(g)
H = 77.2 kJ mol and S = 122 JK1 mol1 at 400K
1
[ 1999 ]
14. For the equilibrium: PCl5(g) PCl3(g) + Cl2(g) at 298 K , equib. const. , K = 1.8 107.
What is G for the reaction ? [ 1992, 97, 2000 ]

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CHEMICAL THERMODYNAMICS 63
15. For the reaction : Ag2O(s) Ag(s) + 1/2 O2(g)
H is 30.56 kJ mol1 and S = 6.6 JK1 mol1 at one atmosphere pressure. Calculate the
temperature at which G for it will be zero. What will be the direction of reaction at the
temperature and at temperature below this temperature and why ? [ 2000 ]
16. Starting with the thermodynamic relationship, G = HTS derive the following relationship :
G = TStotal [ 1999, 2000 ]
17. How many the state of thermodynamic system be defined ? [ 2000 ]
18. Why does a mole of water at 0C have greater entropy than a mole of ice at 0 C ?
[ 2000 ]
19. What is an adiabatic change ? [ 2001 ]
20. At what temperature is the entropy of a perfectly crystalline substance taken as zero ?
[ 2001 ]
21. State the second law of thermodynamics . [ 2001 ]
22. If H for a reaction has a negative value, how would you know the sign requirement of
S for it so that the reaction is spontaneous at low temperature ? [ 2001 ]
23. Dissolving of NH4Cl in water at room temperature is an endothermic process. Even then it
occurs spontaneously what makes it possible. [ 2001 ]
24. What is isothermal change ? [ 2003 ]
25. Define state functions [ 2004 ]

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 64 CHEMICAL THERMODYNAMICS

Level IV

[ IIT-JEE FLASH BACK ]

1987
Q.1 The heats of combustion of C2H4(g), C2H6(g), and H2(g) are 1409.5, 1558.3 and 285.6 kJ
respectively. Calculate heat of hydrogenation of ethylene.
Q.2 The molar heat of formation of NH4NO3(s) is 367.54 kJ and those of N2O(g), H2O(l) are
81.46 and 285.8 kJ respectively at 25C and 1 atmosphere pressure. Calculate H and E
of the reaction , NH4NO3(s) N2O(g) + 2H2O(l)
Q.3 The bond dissociation energy of gaseous H2, Cl2 and HCl are 104, 58 and 103 kcal mol1
respectively. Calculate the enthalpy of formation for HCl gas.

1988
Q.4 When 2 mole of C2H6(g) are completely burnt, 3129 kJ of heat is liberated. Calculate the heat
of formation of C2H6(g). Hf for CO2(g) and H2O(l) are 395 and 286kJ mol1 respectively.
Q.5 An intimate mixture of Fe2O3 and Al is used in solid fuel rocket. Calculate the fuel value per g
and per ml of mixture .
HAl2O3 = 399.0 kcal, HFe2O3 = 199.0 kcal
density of Fe2O3 and Al are 5.2 g/ml and 2.7 g/ml respectively.

1989
Q.6 The standard enthalpy of combustion at 25C of hydrogen, cyclohexene (C6H10), cyclohexane
(C6H12) are 241, 3800 & 3920 KJ/mole respectively . Calculate the heat of
hydrogenation of cyclohexene(C6H10).
Q.7 Calculate standard heat of formation of CS2. Given that standard heat of combustion of C, S
and CS2 are 393.3, 293.72 and 1108.76 kJ mol1.
Q.8 An athlete is given 100g of glucose of energy equivalent to 1560 KJ. He utilizes 50% of this
gained energy in the event . In order to avoid storage of energy in the body, calculate the
amount of water that would need to perspire . Hvap of H2O is 44 KJ/mole.

1990
Q.9 Standard heat of formation of CH4, CO2 & H2O(g) are 76.2, 394.8, and 241.6 kJ mol1
respectively. Calculate the amount of heat evolved by burning 1m3 of CH4 measured under
normal conditions.
Q.10 Using the data (all values are in Kcal per mole at 25C) given below, calculate bond energy
of C C & C H bonds .
Hcomb ethane = 372.0 H of of H2O (l) = 68.0
Hcomb propane = 530.0 H of of CO2 (g) = 94.0
H for C (graphite) C (g) = 172.0 Bond Energy H H = 104.0
Q.11 The amount of heat liberated when one mole of NH4OH reacts with one mole of HCl is :
(A) 13.7 kcal (B) more than 13.7 kcal
(C) less than 13.67 kcal (D) cannot be predicted

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1991
Q.12 A gas mixture of 3.67 lit of ethylene & methane on complete combustion at 25C produces
6.11 lit of CO2. Find out the amount of heat evolved on burning one litre of the gas mixture.
The heats for combustion of ethylene & methane are 1423 & 891 kJ mol1 .
Q.13 Calculate the resonance energy of N2O from the following data :
Hf of N2O = 82 kJ mol1 . Bond energy of N N, N = N, O = O & N = O bonds is 946,
418, 498 & 607 kJ mol1 respectively .
Q.14 The difference between heats of reaction in kJ at constant pressure & constant volume for
the reaction . 2 C6H6 (l) + 15 O2 (g) 12 CO2 (g) + 6 H2O (l) at 25 C .
(A) 7.43 (B) + 3.72 (C) 3.72 (D) + 7.43
Q.15 For endothermic reaction where H represents the enthalpy of reaction, the minimum value for
the energy of activation will be :
(A) less than H (B) zero (C) equal to H (D) more than H

1992
Q.16 Determine the enthalpy of the reaction
C3H8 (g) + H2 (g) C2H6 (g) + CH4 (g) at 25 C , using the given heat of combustion
values under standard conditions .
Compound H2(g) CH4(g) C2H6(g) C (graphite)
H (kJ/mol) 285.8 890.0 1560.0 393.5
The standard heat of formation of C3H8(g) is 103.8 kJ/mol
Q.17 Calculate Hf for chloride ion from the following data :
1 1
H2(g) + Cl2(g) HCl(g) ; Hf = 92.4 kJ
2 2
HCl(g) + n H2O H+(aq) + Cl(aq) ; H = 74.8 kJ ; Hf (H+)aq = 0.0 kJ
Q.18 The product of combustion of an aliphatic thiol (RSH) at 298 k are :
(A) CO2(g) , H2O(g) & SO2(g) (B) CO2(g) , H2O(l) & SO2(g)
(C) CO2(l) , H2O(l) & SO2(g) (D) CO2(g) , H2O(l) & SO2(l)

1993
Q.19 In order to get maximum calorific output, a burner should have an optimum fuel to oxygen ratio
which corresponds to 3 times as much oxygen as is required theoritically for complete
combustion of the fuel . A burner which has been adjusted for methane as fuel (with X litre / hr.
of CH4 & 6 X litre / hr. of O2) is to be readjusted for butane C4H10 . In order to get the same
calorific output , what should be the rate of supply of butane & oxygen ? Assume that losses
due to incomplete combustion etc . are the same for both fuels and that gases behave
ideally . Heats of combustion CH4 = 809 kJ / mol & C4H10 = 2878 kJ/mol .
Q.20 An isolated system is one which can neither exchange ________ nor ________with
surroundings.
Q.21 The heat content of the products is more than that of the reactants in an ________ reaction.
Q.22 Identify the intensive quantities from the following :
(A) Enthalpy (B) Temperature (C) Volume (D) mass
Q.23 A gas expands from 3 dm3 to 5 dm3 against a constant pressure of 3 atm. The work done
during expansion is used to heat 10 mole of water of temperature 290 K. Calculate final
temperature of water. Specific heat of water = 4.184 J g1K1.

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1994
Q.24 The bond dissociation energy needed to form the benzyl radical from toluene is ______ than
the formation of methyl radical from methane .
Q.25 The polymerisation of ethylene to linear polyethylene is represented by the reaction
n CH2 = CH2 (CH2 CH2)n where n has a large integral value . Given that the average
enthalpies of bond dissociation for C = C & C C at 298 K are 590 & + 331 KJ mol1
respectively . Calculate the enthalpy of polymerisation per mole of ethylene at 298 K .
Q.26 0.16 g of methane was subjected to combustion at 27 C in a bomb calorimeter . The temperature
of calorimeter system (including water) was found to rise by 0.5 C . Calculate the heat of
combustion of methane at (i) constant volume (ii) constant pressure .
The thermal capacity of calorimeter system is 17.7 kJ K1 . (R = 8.313 mol1 K1)

1995
Q.27 At 300 K, the standard enthalpies of formation of C6H5COOH(s), CO2 (g) & H2O (l) are
408 , 393 & 286 KJ mol 1 respectively . Calculate the heat of combustion of benzoic
acid at : (i) constant pressure & (ii) constant volume . [ R = 8.31 Jmol1K1 ]
Q.28 For which of the following reactions, H is not equal to E ?
(A) H2(g) + I2(g) = 2 HI(g) (B) HCl(aq) + NaOH(aq) = NaCl(aq) + H2O(l)
(C) C(s) + O2(g) = CO2(g) (D) N2(g) + 3 H2(g) = 2 NH3(g)
Q.29 Iodine molecule dissociates into atoms after absorbing light of 4500 . If one quantum of
radiation is absorbed by each molecule, calculate the kinetic energy of iodine atoms .
[ bond energy of I2 = 240 kJ mol1 ]

1996
Q.30 The heat liberated on complete combustion of 7.8 g of benzene is 327 kJ . This heat has
been measured at constant volume & at 27 C . Calculate the heat of combustion of benzene
at constant pressure at 27 C. [ R = 8.3 J mol1 K1 ]
Q.31 The standard molar enthalpies of formation of cyclohexane (l) & benzene (l) at 25C are
156 & + 49 kJ/mol respectively . The standard enthalpy of hydrogenation of cyclohexene(l) at
25 is 119 kJ mol1. Use these data to estimate the magnitude of the resonance energy
of benzene.

1997
Q.32 Molar heat capacity of water in equilibrium with ice at constant pressure is :
(A) Zero (B) Infinity (C) 40.45 J K 1 mol1 (D) 75.48 J K 1 mol1
Q.33 Standard molar enthalpy of formation of CO2 is equal to :
(A) Zero
(B) the standard molar enthalpy of combustion of gaseous carbon
(C) the sum of standard molar enthalpies of formation of CO & O2
(D) the standard molar enthalpy for combustion of C (graphite)
Q.34 When Fe (s) is dissolved in aqueous HCl in a closed vessel the work done is ________ .
Q.35 Enthalpy is an ________ property .
Q.36 Anhydrous AlCl3 is covalent . From the data given below, predict whether it would remain
covalent or become ionic in aqueous solution .
I E for Al = 5137 KJ / mol ; H(hydration) for Al 3+ = 4665 kJmole 1 ;
1
H(hydration) for Cl = 381 KJ mol

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CHEMICAL THERMODYNAMICS 67
Q.37 The Enthalpy change involved in the oxidation of glucose is 2880 kJ mol 1 . 25 % of this
energy is available for muscular work . If 100 kJ of muscular work is needed to walk one
km. What is the maximum distance a person will be able to walk after eating 120 g of glucose.
Q.38 Compute the heat of formation of liquid methyl alcohol in kJ mol1, using the following data.
Heat of vaporisation of liquid CH3OH = 38 kJ/ mol. Heat of formation of gaseous atoms from
the elements in their standard states ; H , 218 KJ / mol ; C , 715 KJ / mol ; O, 249 KJ / mol.
Average Bond energies : C H , 415 KJ / mol ; C O , 356 KJ / mol ;
O H , 463 KJ / mol
Q.39 10 g of argon gas is compressed isothermally and reversibly at a temperature of 27 C from
10 L to 5 L. Calculate q , W, E and H for this process .
[ R = 2.0 cal K1 mol1, log102 = 0.30 . Atomic weight. of Ar = 40 ]

1998
Q.40 From the following data, calculate the enthalpy change for the combustion of cyclopropane at
298 k . The enthalpy of formation of CO2 (g), H2O (l) and propene (g) are 393.5, 285.8
and 20.42 kJ/mol respectively . The enthalpy of isomerisation of cyclopropane to propene
is 33.0 kJ/mol .
Q.41 Determine the value of H & E for the reversible isothermal evaporation of 90.0 gm of water
at 100 C. Assume that water vapours behaves as an ideal gas & heat of evaporation of water
is 540 cal g1 . [ R = 2 cal mol1K1 ]
Q.42 Then enthalpy of solution of BaCl2(s) and BaCl2.2H2O(s) are 20.6 and 8.8 kJ mol1,
respectively. The enthalpy change for the reaction is :
(A) 29.8 kJ (B) 11.8 kJ (C) 20.6 kJ (D) 29.4 kJ
Q.43 For the reaction , A(g) + 2B(g) 2C(g) + 3D(g)
the value of H at 27C is 19.0 kcal. The value of E of the reaction would be :
[ Given R = 2.0 cal k1 mol1 ]
(A) 20.8 kcal (B) 19.8 kcal (C) 18.8 kcal (D) 17.8 kcal

1999
Q.44 Estimate the average S F bond energy is SF6 . The standard heat of formation values of
SF6(g), S(g) and F(g) are : 1100 , 275 and 80 kJ mol1 respectively.
Q.45 G for the reaction x + y z is 4.606 kcal. The value of equilibrium constant of the
reaction at 227 C is :
(A) 100 (B) 10 (C) 2 (D) 0.01

2000
Q.46 Diborane is a potential rocket fuel which undergoes combustion according to the reaction,
B2H6(g) + 3O2(g) B2O3(s) + 3H2O(g)
From the following data, calculate the enthalpy change for the combustion of diborane :
3
2B(s) + 2
O2(g) B2O3(s) ; H = 1273 kJ
1
H2(g) + 2
O2(g) H2O(l) ; H = 286 kJ
H2O(l) H2O(g) ; H = 44 kJ
2B(s) + 3H2(g) B2H6(g) H = 36 kJ

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Q.47 Calculate q , W , E and H for the isothermal reversible expansion of one mole of an ideal
gas from an initial pressure of 1.0 bar to a final pressure of 0.1 bar at a constant temperature
of 273 K.
Q.48 A sample of argon gas at 1 atm pressure and 27 C expands reversibly and adiabatically from
1.25 dm3 to 2.50 dm3. Calculate the enthalpy change in this process..
Cv.m. for argon is 12.48 jK1 mol1.
Q.49 Show that the reaction CO(g) + 1/2 O2 (g) CO2(g) at 300 K is spontaneous and
exothermic, when the standard entropy change is 0.094 kJ mol1 K1. the standard Gibbs free
energies of formation for CO2 and CO are 394.4 and 137.2 kJ mol1, respectively.
Q.50 Which one of the following statements is false ?
(A) work is a state function
(B) temperature is a state function
(C) work appears at the boundary of the system
(D) change in the state is completely defined when the initial and final states are specified.
Q.51 In thermodynamics, a process is called reversible when :
(A) surroundings and system change into each other
(B) there is no boundary between system and surroundings
(C) the surroundings are always in equilibrium with the system
(D) the system changes into the surroundings spontaneously

2001
Q.52 1 mole of an ideal gas undergoes reversible isothermal expansion from an initial volume V1 to a
final volume, 10 V1, and does 10 kJ of work, The initial pressure was 1 107 Pa.
(a) Calculate V1,
(b) If there were 2 mol of gas, what must its temperature have been ?

2002
Q.53 One mole of a non-ideal gas undergoes a change of state (2.0 atm, 3.0 L, 95 K) (4.0 atm,
5.0 L, 245 K) with a change in internal energy, U = 30.0 L atm. The change in enthalpy (H) of
the process in L atm is :
(A) 40.0 (B) 42.3 (C) 44.0
(D) not defined, because pressure is not constant.
Q.54 Two moles of a perfect gas undergo the following processes :
(a) a reversible isobaric expansion from (1.0 atm, 20.0 L) to (1.0 atm, 40.0 L)
(b) a reversible isochoric change of state from (1.0 atm, 40.0 L) to (0.5 atm, 40.0 L)
(c) a reversible isothermal compression from (0.5 atm, 40.0 L) to (1.0 atm, 20.0 L)
(i) Sketch with labels each of the processes on the same P V diagram.
(ii) Calculate the total work (w) and the total heat change (q) involved in the above
processes.
(iii) What will be the values of U, H and S for the overall process ?

2003
Q.55 Which of the reaction defines Hf ?
1 1 1
(A) H2(g) + F2(g) HF(g) (B) CO(g) + O (g) CO2(g)
2 2 2 2
(C) C(diamond) + O2(g) CO2(g) (D) N2(g) + 3H2(g) 2NH3(g)

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2004
Q.56 Hvap = 30 kJ/mole and Svap = 75 J mol1 K1. Find temperature of vapour, at one atmosphere.
(A) 400 K (B) 350 K (C) 298 K (D) 250 K
Q.57 2 mol of an ideal gas expanded isothermally & reversible from 1 litre to 10 litres at 300 K.
What is the enthalpy change ?
(A) 4.98 kJ (B) 11.47 kJ (C) 11.47 kJ (D) 0 kJ
Q.58 100 ml of liquid contained in an isolated container at a pressure of 1 bar. The pressure is
steeply increased to 100 bar. The volume of the liquid is decreased by 1 ml at this constant
pressure. Find the H and U.

2005
Q.59 Which of the following isomers of phosphorus are thermodynamically least and most stable?
(A) White (least), Red (most) (B) Yellow (least), Red (most)
(C) Red (least), White (most) (D) White (least), Black (most)
Q.60 One mole of a monoatomic ideal gas expands adiabatically at initial temperature T against a
constant external pressure of 1 atm from one litre to three litres. The final temperature of the
gas is:
(A) T (B) T/3(5R/2)
(C) T 2K / (1.5 0.082) (D) T + 2K / (1.5 0.082)

2006
Q.61 A process A B is difficult to occur directly instead it takes place in three successive steps.
C D S(A
C) = 50
S(C
D) = 30
A B S(B
D) = 20

The entropy change for the process A B is

(A) 100 (B) 60 (C) 100 (D) +60
Q.62 Find the molar heat capacity of an ideal monoatomic gas for a process for which p/v is
constant and is equal to I
(A) 3/2 R (B) 4/2 R (C) 5/2 R (D) 0

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 70 CHEMICAL THERMODYNAMICS

1. Daily Practice Problem Sheet

1. T 2. F 3. F 4. T 5. A 6. C 7. D
8. C 9. D 10. A 11. B 12. A 13. B 14. C
15. B 16. C

2. Daily Practice Problem Sheet

1. C 2. D 3. C 4. B 5. B 6. C 7. C
8. A 9. A 10. A 11. D 12. A 13. A 14. A
15. A 16. B 17. C

3. Daily Practice Problem Sheet

1. D 2. B 3. A 4. A 5. A 6. D 7. D
8. C 9. D 10. A 11. D 12. B 13. B 14. A
15. C 16. B 17. A 18. B 19. A 20. D 21. D
22. B 23. A 24. D 25. C 26. C 27. D 28. C
29. A 30. A 31. B 32. B 33. B
34. d + c - e - 2a - 3b 35. - 1539.94 kJ

4. Daily Practice Problem Sheet

1. C 2. A 3. B 4. D 5. B 6. A 7. C
8. A 9. C 10. A 11. A 12. (i) A , (ii) (D) 13. D
14. A 15. C 16. A 17. D 18. B 19. D 20. C
21. B 22. C 23. D 24. C 25. B

5. Daily Practice Problem Sheet

1. A 2. D 3. B 4. A 5. A 6. D 7. D
8. B 9. B 10. A C 11. A B D 12. B 13. B 14. C
15. B 16. B 17. A 18. C 19. A 20. B

Objective
Level I
1. B 2. C 3. D 4. D 5. A 6. B 7. B
8. A 9. B 10. B 11. A 12. D 13. B 14. C
15. B

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CHEMICAL THERMODYNAMICS 71

Level II
1. B 2. B 3. C 4. C 5. A 6. D 7. D
8. A 9. D 10. B 11. A 12. B 13. D 14. A
15. A

Level III
1. A B 2. A B D 3. B C 4. A B 5. A B C D 6. A C 7. A B
8. A B 9. B C 10. B D 11. A B C 12. A B C D 13. A B
14. A B C D 15. C D 16. C D 17. A B C 18. A B C

Level IV
1. D 2. C 3. A 4. A 5. A 6. A 7. B

Subjective
Level I
1. 394.95 joule 2. 299.723 K 3. Wrev = +1.9518 104 joule, G=1.9518 104 joule
4. + 54.2 kcal 5. 313 kJ 6. 41.104 kcal 7. 150.0 kJ mol1
8. 21.97 JK 1 mol1 9. 109.38 JK 1 mol1 10. 27.49 g
11. + 11.3 kcal, 0.628 kcal 12. + 18.87 kcal 13. 10007.7 kcal
14. 2.95 kcal 15. 80.7 kcal

Level II
1. 1.41 kcal/gm 2. heat produced = 15549.7 kcal
3. H1 = 0.96 kcal, H2 = 1.74 kcal 4. Bond energy = 34 kcal/mol ; H = 136
5. (i) 97.81 kJ (ii) 454.64 kJ (iii) 804.26 kJ (iv) 434.3 kJ (v) 733.48 kJ
6. 11420 cal 7. HfAX2 = 480 kcal/mol , HfBX2 = 360 kcal/mol
8. 147.75 g; 13.8 kcal 9. 3.196 m3 10. 0.42 kJ
11. 0.5 kcal for CH3 COOH , 1.43 kcal for NH4 OH 12. + 14.85 kJ

Level III
NCERT
1. (ii) 2. (iii) 3. (ii) 4. (iii) 5. (i) 6. (iv)
7. q = 701 J, w = 394 J, since work is done by the system, U = 307 J
8. 741.6 kJ 9. 1.09 kJ 10. H = 5.65 kJ mol1 11. 315 kJ
12. rH = 778 kJ 13. 46.2 kJ mol1 14. 239 kJ mol1
15. 327 kJ mol1 16. S > 0 17. 200 K

ABHISHEK TUTORIALS
 72 CHEMICAL THERMODYNAMICS

18. H is negative (bond energy is released) and S is negative (there is less randomness
among the molecules than among the atoms)
19. 0.164 kJ , the reaction is not spontaneous 20. 55.27 kJ mol1
21. NO(g) is unstable, but NO2 (g) is formed
22. qsurr = + 286 kJ mol1 ; Ssurr = 959.73 J K 1

CBSE
6. K = 2.979 1026 7. 28.40 kJ mol1 13. K = 1.95 104 14. + 38.48 kJ mol1

Level IV
[ IIT-JEE FLASH BACK ]

1. 136.8 kJ 2. 122.6 kJ , 125.077 kJ 3. 22.0 kcal 4. 83.5kJ

5. 0.9346 kcal/g , 3.94 kcal/ml 6. 121 kJ 7. + 128.02 kJ
8. 319.09 g 9. 85.795 103 kJ
10. bond energy of C C bond = 82 kcal & for C H bond = 99 kcal 11. C
12. 50.91 kJ 13. 88 kJ mol1 14. A 15. C
16. H = 55.7 kJ 17. 167.2 kJ 18. B
19. for butane = 0.281 x lit ; for O2 = 5.48 x lit 20. energy , matter
21. endothermic 22. B 23. 290.81 K 24. lesser
25. 72 kJ mol 1 26. (i) 885 kJ/mol (ii) 889.980 kJ/mol
27. (i) 3201 kJ/mol (ii) 3199.75 kJ/mol 28. D
30. 3273.77 kJ/mol 31. 152 kJ mol 1 32. B
33. D 34. zero 35. extensive
36. Total energy released by hydration = 5808 kJ mol1 ,
required for ionisation of Al = 5137 kJ mol1, hence ionic
37. 4.8 km 38. 266.kJ mol1
39. W = 103.635 cal, E = 0 , q = 103.635 cal , H = 0
40. H = 2091.32 kJ 41. H = 48600 cal, E = 44870 cal
42. A 43. D 44. 309.17 45. A
46. H = 2035 kJ/mol 47. H = 0 ; W = 5227.2 J ; E = 0, q = 5227.2 J
48. 117.62 J 50. A 51. C 52. (a) 4.34 104 m3 , 261.13 K
53. B 54. (i) W = 620.77 J , q = + 620.77 J (ii) U = 0 , H = 0 , S = 0
55. A 56. A 57. D 58. H = 9.9 lit atm ; U= 1 lit atm
59. D 60. C 61. D 62. B

ABHISHEK TUTORIALS