Life Sciences p2 gr12 Sept2016-Qp-Engl Final Ec

NATIONAL
SENIOR CERTIFICATE
GRADE 12
SEPTEMBER 2016
LIFE SCIENCES P2
MARKS: 150
TIME: 2 hours
*LFSCE2*
This question paper consists of 17 pages.

2 LIFE SCIENCES P2 (EC/SEPTEMBER 2016)
INSTRUCTIONS AND INFORMATION
Read the following instructions carefully before answering the questions.
1. Answer ALL the questions.
2. Write ALL the answers in the ANSWER BOOK.
3. Start EACH question on a NEW page.
4. Number the answers correctly according to the numbering system used in

this question paper.
5. Present your answers according to the instructions of each question.
6. ALL drawings MUST be done in pencil and labelled in blue or black ink.
7. Draw diagrams, tables or flow charts ONLY when asked to do so.
8. The diagrams in this question paper are NOT necessarily drawn to scale.
9. Do NOT use graph paper.
10. You must use a non-programmable calculator, protractor and a compass,

where necessary.
11. Write neatly and legibly.
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(EC/SEPTEMBER 2016) LIFE SCIENCES P2 3
SECTION A
QUESTION 1
1.1 Various options are provided as possible answers to the following

questions. Choose the correct answer and write only the letter (AD) next
to the question number (1.1.11.1.10) in the ANSWER BOOK, for example
1.1.11 D.
1.1.1 The first primate to use tools consistently was
A Homo erectus.
B Homo habilis.
C Homo floresiensis.
D Homo neanderthalensis.
1.1.2 The average brain size in cubic centimeters of a modern human

is
A 400500
B 8001 000
C 100200
D 1 3001 400
1.1.3 During translation, the type of amino acid that is added to the
growing polypeptide depends on the
A codon on the mRNA only.

B anticodon on the tRNA to which the amino acid is attached
only.
C codon on the mRNA and the anticodon on the tRNA to
which the amino acid is attached.
D anticodon on the mRNA only.
1.1.4 How many nitrogenous bases form a codon?
A 9
B 12
C 3
D 6
1.1.5 Cows that give more milk than other cows are an example of
A natural selection.
B natural variation.
C struggle for existence.
D survival of the fittest.

1.1.6 In an investigation it was found that 10% of the nitrogenous bases

in a molecule of DNA was thymine. What was the ratio of thymine
to guanine in the same molecule?
A 1:1
B 1:2
C 1:3
D 1:4
1.1.7 When a red horse (RR) is crossed with a white horse (WW), the
offspring are all roan (RW = red and white hairs together). This
type of inheritance is known as
A codominance.
B polygenic inheritance.
C multiple alleles.
D incomplete dominance.
1.1.8 Study the table below showing various amino acids coded for by
various mRNA codons.
mRNA codons Corresponding amino acids

GCG Alanine
AUG Methionine
AUA Isoleucine
AGG Arginine
Which amino acid is coded by the DNA triplet of nitrogenous

bases TAC?
A alanine
B arginine
C isoleucine
D methionine
1.1.9 In mice brown fur coat is dominant to white fur coat. If a

heterozygous brown mouse is mated with a white mouse and 8
offspring are produced, how many would be expected to be white?
A 4
B 8
C 0
D 2
1.1.10 Which of the following is usually NOT possible for red-green

colour blindness?
A A carrier mother passes the allele on to her daughter.

B A colour blind father passes the allele on to his daughter.
C A colour blind father passes the allele on to his son.
D A carrier mother passes the allele on to her son.
(10 x 2) (20)

1.2 Give the correct BIOLOGICAL TERM for each of the following descriptions.
Write only the term next to the question number (1.2.11.2.9) in the
ANSWER BOOK.
1.2.1 A segment of DNA coding for a particular characteristic
1.2.2 Bond joining amino acids in a protein
1.2.3 Synthesis of mRNA from DNA
1.2.4 Structure which joins the chromatids of a chromosome
1.2.5 Chromosome condition describing the presence of a single set of

chromosomes in a cell
1.2.6 The physical / functional expression of an organisms genes
1.2.7 Allele that is only expressed in the homozygous state
1.2.8 Having more than two different alleles for the same gene
1.2.9 The process by which different kinds living organisms are believed
to have developed from earlier forms during the history of the
earth
(9 x 1) (9)
1.3 Indicate whether each of the statements in COLUMN , applies to A ONLY,

B ONLY, BOTH A and B, or NONE of the items in COLUMN . Write A
ONLY, B ONLY, BOTH A and B, or NONE next to the question number in
the ANSWER BOOK.
COLUMN COLUMN
1.3.1 A pair of chromosomes with the same A: Homozygous
shape and size B: Heterozygous
1.3.2 Phase during which chromatids are A: Anaphase 1
pulled to opposite poles B: Anaphase 2
1.3.3 Scientist(s) who used X-rays to work A: Wilkins
out the shape of DNA B: Franklin
(3 x 2) (6)

1.4 Use the pedigree diagram below to answer the questions about dimples
(small depressions that occurs on the cheeks when one smiles).
The dimple gene (D) controls whether a person has dimples or does not
have dimples. Allele for having dimples is dominant to allele for not having
dimples (d).
1.4.1 How many family members have dimples? (1)
1.4.2 What is the genotype of the individuals?
(a) 3 (1)
(b) 4 (1)
1.4.3 State whether the following individuals are homozygous or

heterozygous for having dimples:
(a) 2 (1)
(b) 9 (1)
1.4.4 State the family relationship between individual 12 and

individual 2. (2)

1.5 Study the diagram below and answer the questions that follow.
1.5.1 Name the process illustrated in the diagram. (1)
1.5.2 State the significance of the process mentioned in

QUESTION 1.5.1. (2)
1.5.3 Identify the parts labelled:
(a) 1 (1)
(b) 2 (1)
(c) 3 (1)
(d) 4 (1)
1.5.4 Give ONE location in cells other than in the nucleus where
DNA can be found. (1)
TOTAL SECTION A: 50

SECTION B
QUESTION 2
2.1 The diagrams below represent the process of protein synthesis. Study them
and answer the questions that follow.

2.1.1 Identify the structures labelled 1, 2 and 3. (3)
2.1.2 Name and describe the stage of protein synthesis taking place
at Z. (5)
2.1.3 Using the table below, work out the names of amino acids labelled
W and X using the table.
Base Triplet on mRNA coding

Amino acid coded for
for the amino acid
GAG Glutamate
CAG Histidine
AGG Arginine
CUG Leucine
UCC Proline
GUG Valine (4)
2.2 Clouded leopards (Neofelis nebulosa) are a medium-sized, endangered

species of cat, living in the very wet cloud forests of Central America. The
normal spots (XN, pictured here) are a result of a dominant, sex-linked
allele and that dark spots are the result of a recessive allele.
A biologist crossed a male with dark spots and a female with normal spots.
She had four cubs; two are male and two female. One of each of the male
and female cubs have normal spots and one each have dark spots.
2.2.1 What is the genotype of the mother? (2)
2.2.2 The biologist crosses the female cub that is heterozygous for
normal spots, with a male that also has normal spots. Using a
genetic cross determine how many of each phenotype will be
found in the cubs, assuming that 4 cubs are born and two are
males and two are females. (6)
2.2.3 Calculate the percentage of dark spotted males among the

offspring. SHOW ALL WORKING. (2)

2.3 A class of Grade 11 learners conducted an investigation to determine the

frequency of dominant and recessive characteristics in their school. The
characteristic investigated was the ability to roll ones tongue.
The results obtained were recorded in the frequency tree as shown below.
2.3.1 Based on the results obtained from this investigation, which

characteristic is dominant? (1)
2.3.2 List THREE steps that the learners need to follow while planning
this investigation. (3)
2.3.3 Use the data given in the frequency tree to plot a bar graph. (6)
2.3.4 Would you classify the ability to roll ones tongue as continuous or
discontinuous variation? (1)
2.3.5 Explain your answer to QUESTION 2.3.4. (2)

2.4 During a fight involving a number of people, one person was seriously
injured. Blood samples were taken from the victim, the crime scene and
four suspects. DNA was extracted from each of the blood samples and the
results are shown in the DNA profiles below.
2.4.1 Which suspect was probably involved in injuring the victim? (1)
2.4.2 Give a reason for your answer in QUESTION 2.4.1. (1)
2.4.3 List ONE application of DNA profiling other than for solving crime. (1)
2.4.4 Explain TWO reasons why sometimes DNA profiling can prove to
be controversial (i.e. cause people to disagree with the results). (2)
[40]

QUESTION 3
3.1 Study the diagrams below representing two phases of meiosis and answer
the questions that follow.
3.1.1 Identify the phases represented by:
(a) Diagram 1 (1)

(b) Diagram 2 (1)
3.1.2 Name part labelled B. (1)
3.1.3 Describe what happens during the phase illustrated in Diagram 1. (2)
3.1.4 In Diagram 2 the part circled and labelled A, is an abnormality

during the process of meiosis.
(a) Name this abnormality. (1)
(b) What genetic disorder would result in humans if this

abnormality occurred in chromosome pair no. 21? (1)
(c) Give ONE symptom of the genetic abnormality mentioned

in QUESTION 3.1.4 (b). (1)

3.2 Deer mice live in different habitats of North America. All have soft fur but the
colour varies. Species living in dark, wet forests tend to have dark fur
whereas those living in deserts with light sand dunes tend to have light
coloured fur. Deer mice are preyed upon by owls.
The picture below shows a deer mouse.
3.2.1 State ONE characteristic of the deer mouse which allows it to

avoid predators. (1)
3.2.2 Use your understanding of natural selection to explain how the

development of the allele for light coloured fur allowed the deer
mice to survive in the sand dunes of Nebraska. (6)

3.3 The diagrams below show a process of evolution. The diagrams illustrate
the events that occurred in the rabbit population over many years. Study
them and answer the questions that follow.
3.3.1 What evolutionary process is illustrated in the diagram above? (1)
3.3.2 Use the diagram to explain how the two new species evolved from
the original population. (6)
3.3.3 State ONE observable difference between the two new species. (1)

3.4 Study the phylogenetic tree below showing the origins of humans.
Possible evolutionary relationships are represented by the dotted lines and
the vertical bars represent the time periods for which fossils are known for
each species.
3.4.1 Identify the common ancestor of Homo sapiens and Homo

neanderthalensis. (1)
3.4.2 When did Australopithecus africanus first appear on Earth? (2)
3.4.3 Explain the Out of Africa hypothesis. (2)
3.4.4 Identify the species from the above diagram which is said to be
the first Hominid species to have moved out of Africa. (1)
3.4.5 Which species is the direct ancestor of Homo habilis? (1)
3.4.6 State the species to which the Taung child belongs. (1)

3.4.7 A well-known example of Australopithecus afarensis is the fossil

named Lucy.
(a) State the site where Lucy was discovered. (1)
(b) Name the scientist/s who discovered Lucy. (1)
3.5 Study the following diagrams showing the anterior (front) view of the
pelvis/hips of a human and a chimpanzee.
3.5.1 Which of the above diagrams, A or B is the pelvis of a

chimpanzee? (1)
3.5.2 Give a reason for your answer to QUESTION 3.5.1. (2)
3.5.3 Which pelvis A or B, indicates a fully bipedal organism? (1)
3.5.4 Explain your answer to QUESTION 3.5.3. (3)

[40]
TOTAL SECTION B: 80

SECTION C
QUESTION 4
Describe the evolutionary changes in the skull fossils of Homo species and the
significance of each change as they evolved from the African apes.
(17)
Synthesis (3)
NOTE: NO marks will be awarded for answers in the form of flow charts,
tables or diagrams.
TOTAL SECTION C: 20
GRAND TOTAL: 150

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NATIONAL

This question paper consists of 17 pages.

INSTRUCTIONS AND INFORMATION

Read the following instructions carefully before answering the questions.

1. Answer ALL the questions.

2. Write ALL the answers in the ANSWER BOOK.

3. Start EACH question on a NEW page.

4. Number the answers correctly according to the numbering system used in

5. Present your answers according to the instructions of each question.

7. Draw diagrams, tables or flow charts ONLY when asked to do so.

9. Do NOT use graph paper.

10. You must use a non-programmable calculator, protractor and a compass,

11. Write neatly and legibly.

Copyright reserved Please turn over

1.1 Various options are provided as possible answers to the following

1.1.1 The first primate to use tools consistently was

1.1.2 The average brain size in cubic centimeters of a modern human

A codon on the mRNA only.

1.1.4 How many nitrogenous bases form a codon?

Copyright reserved Please turn over

1.1.6 In an investigation it was found that 10% of the nitrogenous bases

mRNA codons Corresponding amino acids

Which amino acid is coded by the DNA triplet of nitrogenous

1.1.9 In mice brown fur coat is dominant to white fur coat. If a

1.1.10 Which of the following is usually NOT possible for red-green

A A carrier mother passes the allele on to her daughter.

Copyright reserved Please turn over

1.2.1 A segment of DNA coding for a particular characteristic

1.2.2 Bond joining amino acids in a protein

1.2.3 Synthesis of mRNA from DNA

1.2.4 Structure which joins the chromatids of a chromosome

1.2.5 Chromosome condition describing the presence of a single set of

1.2.6 The physical / functional expression of an organisms genes

1.2.7 Allele that is only expressed in the homozygous state

1.3 Indicate whether each of the statements in COLUMN , applies to A ONLY,

Copyright reserved Please turn over

1.4.1 How many family members have dimples? (1)

1.4.2 What is the genotype of the individuals?

1.4.3 State whether the following individuals are homozygous or

1.4.4 State the family relationship between individual 12 and

Copyright reserved Please turn over

1.5.1 Name the process illustrated in the diagram. (1)

1.5.2 State the significance of the process mentioned in

1.5.3 Identify the parts labelled:

Copyright reserved Please turn over

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2.1.1 Identify the structures labelled 1, 2 and 3. (3)

Base Triplet on mRNA coding

2.2 Clouded leopards (Neofelis nebulosa) are a medium-sized, endangered

2.2.1 What is the genotype of the mother? (2)

2.2.3 Calculate the percentage of dark spotted males among the

Copyright reserved Please turn over

2.3 A class of Grade 11 learners conducted an investigation to determine the

2.3.1 Based on the results obtained from this investigation, which

2.3.5 Explain your answer to QUESTION 2.3.4. (2)

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2.4.2 Give a reason for your answer in QUESTION 2.4.1. (1)

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3.1.1 Identify the phases represented by: